id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
esutjss-141	1	1	enugu	enugu	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	2	state	state	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	3	university	university	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	1	5	science	science	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-141	1	7	technology	technology	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	8	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	1	10	social	social	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	11	sciences	sciences	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	12	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-141	1	13	humanities	humanity	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	14	volume	volume	VERB
esutjss-141	1	15	7	7	NUM
esutjss-141	1	16	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	17	2	2	NUM
esutjss-141	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	1	19	2022volume	2022volume	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	20	7	7	NUM
esutjss-141	1	21	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	22	2	2	NUM
esutjss-141	1	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	1	24	2022	2022	NUM
esutjss-141	1	25	181	181	NUM
esutjss-141	1	26	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	27	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	1	28	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	29	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	1	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	31	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	1	32	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	33	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	1	34	panacea	panacea	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	35	onogwu	onogwu	ADV
esutjss-141	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	1	37	gordon	gordon	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	38	joseph	joseph	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	39	great	great	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	1	41	mirian	mirian	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	42	wilfred	wilfred	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	43	ngwu	ngwu	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	44	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	1	45	leonard	leonard	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	46	u.	u.	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	47	department	department	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	48	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	1	49	sociology	sociology	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	50	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	1	51	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	52	enugu	enugu	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	53	state	state	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	54	university	university	PROPN
esutjss-141	1	55	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	1	56	science	science	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	57	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	1	58	technology	technology	NOUN
esutjss-141	1	59	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	2	1	email	email	NOUN
esutjss-141	2	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	2	3	onogwugordon@gmail.com	onogwugordon@gmail.com	X
esutjss-141	2	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	2	5	wilfredgreat1997@gmail.com	wilfredgreat1997@gmail.com	X
esutjss-141	2	6	ngwuleonard@yahoo.com	ngwuleonard@yahoo.com	X
esutjss-141	3	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
esutjss-141	3	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	3	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	3	4	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	3	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	3	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	3	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	3	8	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	3	9	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-141	3	10	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-141	3	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	3	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	3	13	purpose	purpose	NOUN
esutjss-141	3	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	3	15	these	these	DET
esutjss-141	3	16	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	3	17	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	3	18	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	3	19	unravel	unravel	VERB
esutjss-141	3	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	3	21	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
esutjss-141	3	22	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	3	23	leads	lead	VERB
esutjss-141	3	24	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	3	25	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	3	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	4	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	4	2	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	4	3	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	4	4	statistical	statistical	ADJ
esutjss-141	4	5	method	method	NOUN
esutjss-141	4	6	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	4	7	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	4	8	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	4	9	describe	describe	VERB
esutjss-141	4	10	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	4	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	4	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	4	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	4	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	4	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	5	1	finding	finding	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	2	reveals	reveal	VERB
esutjss-141	5	3	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	5	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	5	6	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	7	leads	lead	VERB
esutjss-141	5	8	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	5	9	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	5	10	instability	instability	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	5	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	5	13	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	5	15	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	5	16	citizens	citizen	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	17	must	must	AUX
esutjss-141	5	18	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	5	19	accurately	accurately	ADV
esutjss-141	5	20	informed	inform	VERB
esutjss-141	5	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	5	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	5	23	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-141	5	24	repercussion	repercussion	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	25	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	5	26	mass	mass	PROPN
esutjss-141	5	27	enlightenment	enlightenment	PROPN
esutjss-141	5	28	campaign	campaign	NOUN
esutjss-141	5	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	6	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	6	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	4	impedes	impede	VERB
esutjss-141	6	5	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	6	6	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	6	8	weakens	weaken	VERB
esutjss-141	6	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	6	10	rule	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	6	12	law	law	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	6	14	undermines	undermine	VERB
esutjss-141	6	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	6	16	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	6	18	institutions	institution	NOUN
esutjss-141	6	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	7	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	7	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	7	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	7	4	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	7	5	negations	negation	NOUN
esutjss-141	7	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	7	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	7	8	true	true	ADJ
esutjss-141	7	9	principles	principle	NOUN
esutjss-141	7	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	7	11	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	7	12	life	life	NOUN
esutjss-141	7	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	8	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	8	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	8	3	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	8	4	conscious	conscious	ADJ
esutjss-141	8	5	inducement	inducement	NOUN
esutjss-141	8	6	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	8	7	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	8	8	after	after	ADP
esutjss-141	8	9	favor	favor	NOUN
esutjss-141	8	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	8	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	8	12	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-141	8	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	8	14	violates	violate	VERB
esutjss-141	8	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	8	16	principles	principle	NOUN
esutjss-141	8	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	8	18	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	8	19	life	life	NOUN
esutjss-141	8	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	9	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	9	2	consequences	consequence	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	9	4	unethical	unethical	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	5	practices	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	9	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	8	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	9	9	any	any	DET
esutjss-141	9	10	nation	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	11	building	building	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	12	do	do	AUX
esutjss-141	9	13	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	9	14	only	only	ADV
esutjss-141	9	15	destroy	destroy	VERB
esutjss-141	9	16	personal	personal	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	17	virtue	virtue	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	9	19	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	20	values	value	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	9	22	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	9	23	as	as	ADV
esutjss-141	9	24	well	well	ADV
esutjss-141	9	25	retard	retard	VERB
esutjss-141	9	26	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	27	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	9	28	weaken	weaken	VERB
esutjss-141	9	29	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	30	institutions	institution	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	31	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	9	32	pervert	pervert	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	33	justices	justice	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	9	35	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	9	36	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-141	9	37	responsible	responsible	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	38	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	9	39	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	40	recession	recession	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	41	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	9	42	un	un	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	43	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	44	purposeful	purposeful	ADJ
esutjss-141	9	45	leader	leader	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	46	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	9	47	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	9	48	nation	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	49	continue	continue	VERB
esutjss-141	9	50	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	9	51	journey	journey	VERB
esutjss-141	9	52	without	without	ADP
esutjss-141	9	53	will	will	NOUN
esutjss-141	9	54	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	10	1	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
esutjss-141	10	2	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	10	3	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	10	4	overlooked	overlook	VERB
esutjss-141	10	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	10	6	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	10	7	dangers	danger	NOUN
esutjss-141	10	8	caused	cause	VERB
esutjss-141	10	9	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	10	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	10	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	10	12	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	10	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	11	1	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	11	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	11	3	contrary	contrary	NOUN
esutjss-141	11	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	11	5	they	they	PRON
esutjss-141	11	6	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	11	7	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	11	8	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	11	9	impressed	impress	VERB
esutjss-141	11	10	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	11	11	extra	extra	ADJ
esutjss-141	11	12	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	11	13	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	11	14	viewpoints	viewpoint	NOUN
esutjss-141	11	15	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	11	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	11	17	detriment	detriment	NOUN
esutjss-141	11	18	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	11	19	clear	clear	ADJ
esutjss-141	11	20	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	11	21	thought	thought	NOUN
esutjss-141	11	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	12	1	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN
esutjss-141	12	2	often	often	ADV
esutjss-141	12	3	assume	assume	VERB
esutjss-141	12	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	12	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	12	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	12	7	extra	extra	ADJ
esutjss-141	12	8	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	12	9	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	12	10	fields	field	NOUN
esutjss-141	12	11	more	more	ADJ
esutjss-141	12	12	progress	progress	NOUN
esutjss-141	12	13	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	12	14	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	12	15	guiding	guide	VERB
esutjss-141	12	16	ideas	idea	NOUN
esutjss-141	12	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	12	18	systematization	systematization	NOUN
esutjss-141	12	19	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	12	20	already	already	ADV
esutjss-141	12	21	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	12	22	achieved	achieve	VERB
esutjss-141	12	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	12	24	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	12	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	12	26	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	12	27	own	own	ADJ
esutjss-141	12	28	field	field	NOUN
esutjss-141	12	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	13	2	fact	fact	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	4	much	much	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	13	6	our	our	PRON
esutjss-141	13	7	extra	extra	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	8	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	9	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	13	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	13	13	ethics	ethic	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	15	etc	etc	X
esutjss-141	13	16	.	.	X
esutjss-141	13	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	13	18	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	19	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	13	20	still	still	ADV
esutjss-141	13	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	13	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	13	23	state	state	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	13	25	common	common	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	26	sense	sense	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	27	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	28	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	30	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	13	31	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	13	32	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	13	33	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	34	neither	neither	CCONJ
esutjss-141	13	35	common	common	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	36	sense	sense	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	37	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-141	13	38	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	39	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	40	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	13	41	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	13	42	compares	compare	VERB
esutjss-141	13	43	neither	neither	CCONJ
esutjss-141	13	44	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	13	45	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	13	46	direct	direct	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	47	life	life	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	48	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	13	49	experience	experience	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	50	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	13	51	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	13	52	plain	plain	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	53	man	man	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	54	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-141	13	55	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	13	56	systematic	systematic	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	57	thought	thought	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	58	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	13	59	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	13	60	true	true	ADJ
esutjss-141	13	61	patriot	patriot	NOUN
esutjss-141	13	62	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	3	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	7	instability	instability	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	9	repercussion	repercussion	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	14	11	unethical	unethical	ADJ
esutjss-141	14	12	introduction	introduction	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	14	15	one	one	NUM
esutjss-141	14	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	14	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	14	18	biggest	big	ADJ
esutjss-141	14	19	challenge	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	14	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	14	22	twenty	twenty	NUM
esutjss-141	14	23	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	24	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-141	14	25	century	century	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	27	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	14	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	29	2015	2015	NUM
esutjss-141	14	30	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	31	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	32	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	14	33	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	14	34	affect	affect	VERB
esutjss-141	14	35	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	14	36	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	37	climate	climate	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	38	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	39	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	14	40	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	41	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	14	42	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	14	43	service	service	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	44	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	45	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	14	46	quality	quality	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	47	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	14	48	education	education	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	49	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	50	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	14	51	competencies	competency	NOUN
esutjss-141	14	52	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	53	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	14	54	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	55	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-141	14	56	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	14	57	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	15	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	15	2	same	same	ADJ
esutjss-141	15	3	justifications	justification	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	15	5	excuses	excuse	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	6	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	15	7	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	15	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	15	11	like	like	ADP
esutjss-141	15	12	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	15	13	white	white	ADJ
esutjss-141	15	14	collar	collar	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	15	crimes	crime	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	15	17	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	15	18	heard	hear	VERB
esutjss-141	15	19	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	15	21	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-141	15	22	again	again	ADV
esutjss-141	15	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	2	everybody	everybody	PRON
esutjss-141	16	3	does	do	VERB
esutjss-141	16	4	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	16	5	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	7	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	8	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	16	9	’s	’	VERB
esutjss-141	16	10	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	16	11	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	16	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	16	13	doing	do	VERB
esutjss-141	16	14	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	16	15	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	17	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	18	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	16	19	does	do	AUX
esutjss-141	16	20	n’t	not	PART
esutjss-141	16	21	really	really	ADV
esutjss-141	16	22	matter	matter	VERB
esutjss-141	16	23	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	25	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	26	nobody	nobody	PRON
esutjss-141	16	27	gets	get	AUX
esutjss-141	16	28	hurt	hurt	VERB
esutjss-141	16	29	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	16	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	17	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-141	17	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	17	3	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	17	4	true	true	ADJ
esutjss-141	17	5	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	18	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	18	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	18	4	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	18	5	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	18	6	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	18	7	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	18	9	decision	decision	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	10	makers	maker	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	18	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	18	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	18	14	payment	payment	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	18	16	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	18	18	raise	raise	VERB
esutjss-141	18	19	serious	serious	ADJ
esutjss-141	18	20	moral	moral	ADJ
esutjss-141	18	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	18	22	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	18	23	concerns	concern	NOUN
esutjss-141	18	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	19	1	these	these	PRON
esutjss-141	19	2	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	19	3	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	19	4	victimless	victimless	NOUN
esutjss-141	19	5	crimes	crime	NOUN
esutjss-141	19	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	19	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	19	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	19	9	fact	fact	NOUN
esutjss-141	19	10	exact	exact	VERB
esutjss-141	19	11	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	19	12	heavy	heavy	ADJ
esutjss-141	19	13	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	19	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	19	15	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	19	16	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	19	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	20	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	2	mailto:onogwugordon@gmail.com	mailto:onogwugordon@gmail.com	PROPN
esutjss-141	20	3	mailto:wilfredgreat1997@gmail.com	mailto:wilfredgreat1997@gmail.com	PROPN
esutjss-141	20	4	mailto:ngwuleonard@yahoo.com	mailto:ngwuleonard@yahoo.com	X
esutjss-141	20	5	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1723426	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1723426	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	6	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1723426	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1723426	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	7	182	182	NUM
esutjss-141	20	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	20	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	10	create	create	VERB
esutjss-141	20	11	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	20	12	unlevel	unlevel	ADJ
esutjss-141	20	13	playing	playing	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	14	field	field	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	15	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	20	16	honest	honest	ADJ
esutjss-141	20	17	businesses	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	20	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	20	20	cut	cut	VERB
esutjss-141	20	21	deep	deep	ADV
esutjss-141	20	22	into	into	ADP
esutjss-141	20	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	20	24	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	20	25	fabric	fabric	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	20	27	developed	developed	ADJ
esutjss-141	20	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	20	29	developing	develop	VERB
esutjss-141	20	30	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	20	31	alike	alike	ADV
esutjss-141	20	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	21	1	they	they	PRON
esutjss-141	21	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	21	3	translate	translate	VERB
esutjss-141	21	4	into	into	ADP
esutjss-141	21	5	inferior	inferior	ADJ
esutjss-141	21	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	21	7	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
esutjss-141	21	8	products	product	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	9	allowed	allow	VERB
esutjss-141	21	10	onto	onto	ADP
esutjss-141	21	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	21	12	market	market	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	13	place	place	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	21	15	substandard	substandard	ADJ
esutjss-141	21	16	building	building	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	17	materials	material	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	18	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	21	19	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	21	20	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	21	projects	project	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	22	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	21	23	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	21	24	endanger	endanger	VERB
esutjss-141	21	25	people	people	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	26	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	21	27	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	21	29	welfare	welfare	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	21	31	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	21	32	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	21	33	diversion	diversion	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	34	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	21	35	vital	vital	ADJ
esutjss-141	21	36	money	money	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	37	required	require	VERB
esutjss-141	21	38	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	21	39	education	education	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	40	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	21	41	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	42	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	21	43	welfare	welfare	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	44	services	service	NOUN
esutjss-141	21	45	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	22	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	22	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	22	3	end	end	NOUN
esutjss-141	22	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	22	5	we	we	PRON
esutjss-141	22	6	all	all	PRON
esutjss-141	22	7	pay	pay	VERB
esutjss-141	22	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	22	9	bill	bill	NOUN
esutjss-141	22	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	23	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	23	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	23	3	take	take	VERB
esutjss-141	23	4	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-141	23	5	forms	form	NOUN
esutjss-141	23	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	23	7	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	23	8	all	all	PRON
esutjss-141	23	9	involve	involve	VERB
esutjss-141	23	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	23	11	abuse	abuse	NOUN
esutjss-141	23	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	23	13	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	23	14	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	23	15	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	23	16	office	office	NOUN
esutjss-141	23	17	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	23	18	personal	personal	ADJ
esutjss-141	23	19	gain	gain	NOUN
esutjss-141	23	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	24	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	24	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	24	3	take	take	VERB
esutjss-141	24	4	place	place	NOUN
esutjss-141	24	5	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	24	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	24	7	highest	high	ADJ
esutjss-141	24	8	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	24	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	24	10	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	24	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	24	12	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	24	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	24	14	top	top	NOUN
esutjss-141	24	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	24	16	large	large	ADJ
esutjss-141	24	17	multinational	multinational	ADJ
esutjss-141	24	18	companies	company	NOUN
esutjss-141	24	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	25	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	25	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	25	3	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	25	4	happen	happen	VERB
esutjss-141	25	5	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	25	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	25	7	local	local	ADJ
esutjss-141	25	8	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	25	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	25	10	wherever	wherever	SCONJ
esutjss-141	25	11	somebody	somebody	PRON
esutjss-141	25	12	has	have	VERB
esutjss-141	25	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	25	14	power	power	NOUN
esutjss-141	25	15	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	25	16	influence	influence	VERB
esutjss-141	25	17	decision	decision	NOUN
esutjss-141	25	18	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	25	19	making	making	NOUN
esutjss-141	25	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	26	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	26	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	26	3	one	one	NUM
esutjss-141	26	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	26	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	26	6	main	main	ADJ
esutjss-141	26	7	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
esutjss-141	26	8	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	26	9	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
esutjss-141	26	10	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	26	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	26	12	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	26	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	26	14	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	26	15	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	26	16	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	26	17	developing	develop	VERB
esutjss-141	26	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	26	19	emerging	emerge	VERB
esutjss-141	26	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	26	21	developed	developed	ADJ
esutjss-141	26	22	economies	economy	NOUN
esutjss-141	26	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	27	1	overall	overall	ADJ
esutjss-141	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	27	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	27	4	reduces	reduce	VERB
esutjss-141	27	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
esutjss-141	27	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	27	7	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-141	27	8	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-141	27	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	1	estimates	estimate	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	2	show	show	VERB
esutjss-141	28	3	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	28	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	28	5	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	28	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	8	equals	equal	VERB
esutjss-141	28	9	more	more	ADJ
esutjss-141	28	10	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	28	11	5	5	NUM
esutjss-141	28	12	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	28	14	global	global	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	15	gdp	gdp	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	17	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	28	18	usd	usd	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	19	2.6	2.6	NUM
esutjss-141	28	20	trillion	trillion	NUM
esutjss-141	28	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	22	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	23	economic	economic	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	24	forum	forum	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	25	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	27	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	28	28	over	over	ADP
esutjss-141	28	29	usd	usd	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	30	1	1	NUM
esutjss-141	28	31	trillion	trillion	NUM
esutjss-141	28	32	paid	pay	VERB
esutjss-141	28	33	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	28	34	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	35	each	each	DET
esutjss-141	28	36	year	year	NOUN
esutjss-141	28	37	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	38	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	39	bank	bank	PROPN
esutjss-141	28	40	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	28	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	29	1	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
esutjss-141	29	2	processes	process	NOUN
esutjss-141	29	3	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	29	4	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	29	5	slowed	slow	VERB
esutjss-141	29	6	down	down	ADP
esutjss-141	29	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	29	8	both	both	CCONJ
esutjss-141	29	9	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	29	10	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	29	11	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	29	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	29	13	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	29	14	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
esutjss-141	29	15	introduced	introduce	VERB
esutjss-141	29	16	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	29	17	identify	identify	VERB
esutjss-141	29	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	29	19	combat	combat	NOUN
esutjss-141	29	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	29	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	30	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	2	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	30	3	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	30	4	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	30	5	linked	link	VERB
esutjss-141	30	6	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	30	7	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	30	8	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-141	30	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	30	11	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	30	12	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	30	13	tax	tax	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	14	evasion	evasion	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	30	16	money	money	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	17	laundering	laundering	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	30	19	serious	serious	ADJ
esutjss-141	30	20	organized	organized	ADJ
esutjss-141	30	21	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-141	30	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	31	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	2	involves	involve	VERB
esutjss-141	31	3	intentionally	intentionally	ADV
esutjss-141	31	4	offering	offer	VERB
esutjss-141	31	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	31	6	promising	promise	VERB
esutjss-141	31	7	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	31	8	giving	give	VERB
esutjss-141	31	9	any	any	DET
esutjss-141	31	10	undue	undue	ADJ
esutjss-141	31	11	pecuniary	pecuniary	ADJ
esutjss-141	31	12	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	31	13	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	31	14	advantage	advantage	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	15	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	31	16	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	31	17	official	official	ADJ
esutjss-141	31	18	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	31	19	decision	decision	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	20	maker	maker	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	31	22	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	31	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	31	24	intention	intention	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	25	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	31	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	31	27	official	official	ADJ
esutjss-141	31	28	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	31	29	decision	decision	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	30	maker	maker	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	31	acts	act	VERB
esutjss-141	31	32	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	31	33	refrains	refrain	VERB
esutjss-141	31	34	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	31	35	acting	act	VERB
esutjss-141	31	36	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	31	37	relation	relation	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	38	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	31	39	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	31	40	performance	performance	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	41	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	31	42	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	31	43	duties	duty	NOUN
esutjss-141	31	44	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	32	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	32	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	32	3	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	32	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	32	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	32	6	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	32	7	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-141	32	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	32	9	panacea	panacea	NOUN
esutjss-141	32	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	33	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
esutjss-141	33	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	33	3	durable	durable	ADJ
esutjss-141	33	4	decades	decade	NOUN
esutjss-141	33	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	33	6	independence	independence	NOUN
esutjss-141	33	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	33	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	33	9	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	33	10	still	still	ADV
esutjss-141	33	11	facing	face	VERB
esutjss-141	33	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	33	13	challenge	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	33	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	33	15	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	33	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	33	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	33	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	34	2	leadership	leadership	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	34	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	34	5	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	34	6	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	34	7	attributed	attribute	VERB
esutjss-141	34	8	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	34	9	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	34	10	bickering	bickering	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	12	mismanagement	mismanagement	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	14	lack	lack	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	34	16	vision	vision	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	34	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	34	19	worst	bad	ADJ
esutjss-141	34	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	34	21	all	all	PRON
esutjss-141	34	22	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	34	23	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	34	24	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	34	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	34	26	leaders	leader	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	27	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	34	28	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	34	29	gripped	grip	VERB
esutjss-141	34	30	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	34	31	severe	severe	ADJ
esutjss-141	34	32	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	33	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	34	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	34	35	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	34	36	become	become	VERB
esutjss-141	34	37	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	34	38	serious	serious	ADJ
esutjss-141	34	39	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	34	40	potential	potential	ADJ
esutjss-141	34	41	threat	threat	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	42	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	34	43	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	34	44	survival	survival	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	45	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	34	46	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	34	47	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	34	48	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	49	ogundiya	ogundiya	ADV
esutjss-141	34	50	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	51	2009	2009	NUM
esutjss-141	34	52	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	34	53	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	35	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	35	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	35	3	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	35	4	serious	serious	ADJ
esutjss-141	35	5	challenge	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	35	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	35	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	35	8	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	35	9	administration	administration	NOUN
esutjss-141	35	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	35	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	35	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	36	1	that	that	DET
esutjss-141	36	2	competition	competition	NOUN
esutjss-141	36	3	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	36	4	deeply	deeply	ADV
esutjss-141	36	5	eaten	eat	VERB
esutjss-141	36	6	into	into	ADP
esutjss-141	36	7	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	36	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	36	9	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	36	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	36	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	36	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
esutjss-141	36	13	society	society	NOUN
esutjss-141	36	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	36	15	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	36	16	affirm	affirm	VERB
esutjss-141	36	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	36	18	obvious	obvious	ADJ
esutjss-141	36	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	37	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-141	37	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	37	3	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	37	4	attested	attest	VERB
esutjss-141	37	5	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	37	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	37	7	exposures	exposure	NOUN
esutjss-141	37	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	37	9	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	37	10	probe	probe	NOUN
esutjss-141	37	11	panels	panel	NOUN
esutjss-141	37	12	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	37	13	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	37	14	established	establish	VERB
esutjss-141	37	15	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	37	16	launched	launch	VERB
esutjss-141	37	17	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	37	18	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	37	19	times	time	NOUN
esutjss-141	37	20	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	37	21	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	37	22	regimes	regime	NOUN
esutjss-141	37	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	37	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	37	25	nation	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	37	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	38	1	actually	actually	ADV
esutjss-141	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	38	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	38	5	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	38	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	38	7	core	core	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	38	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	38	10	crisis	crisis	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	38	12	issues	issue	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	13	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	38	14	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	38	15	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	38	17	governance	governance	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	38	19	rule	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	38	21	law	law	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	38	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	38	24	application	application	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	38	26	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
esutjss-141	38	27	democratic	democratic	ADJ
esutjss-141	38	28	order	order	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	38	30	183	183	NUM
esutjss-141	38	31	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	38	32	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	38	33	welfare	welfare	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	34	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	38	35	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	38	36	citizens	citizen	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	37	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	38	38	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-141	38	39	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	38	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	39	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	39	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	39	4	main	main	ADJ
esutjss-141	39	5	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	39	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	39	8	glaring	glare	VERB
esutjss-141	39	9	insolvable	insolvable	ADJ
esutjss-141	39	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	39	12	diseases	disease	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	39	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	39	16	hunger	hunger	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	17	including	include	VERB
esutjss-141	39	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	39	19	general	general	ADJ
esutjss-141	39	20	severe	severe	ADJ
esutjss-141	39	21	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	22	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	39	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	39	25	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	39	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	39	27	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	39	28	india	india	PROPN
esutjss-141	39	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	39	30	2009	2009	NUM
esutjss-141	39	31	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	39	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	40	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	40	2	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	40	3	severally	severally	ADV
esutjss-141	40	4	affected	affect	VERB
esutjss-141	40	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	40	6	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	40	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	40	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	40	9	proper	proper	ADJ
esutjss-141	40	10	utilization	utilization	NOUN
esutjss-141	40	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	40	12	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-141	40	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	40	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	40	15	nation	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	40	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	41	1	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	41	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	41	3	huge	huge	ADJ
esutjss-141	41	4	wealth	wealth	NOUN
esutjss-141	41	5	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	41	6	oil	oil	NOUN
esutjss-141	41	7	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-141	41	8	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-141	41	9	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	41	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	41	11	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	41	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	41	13	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	41	14	strength	strength	NOUN
esutjss-141	41	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	41	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	41	17	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	41	18	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	41	19	referred	refer	VERB
esutjss-141	41	20	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	41	21	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	41	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	41	23	giant	giant	NOUN
esutjss-141	41	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	41	25	africa	africa	PROPN
esutjss-141	41	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	42	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-141	42	2	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-141	42	3	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	42	4	was	be	AUX
esutjss-141	42	5	discovered	discover	VERB
esutjss-141	42	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	42	7	25	25	NUM
esutjss-141	42	8	years	year	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	42	10	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	42	12	brutal	brutal	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	13	military	military	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	14	rule	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	42	16	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	42	17	left	leave	VERB
esutjss-141	42	18	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	42	19	legacy	legacy	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	42	21	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	22	mark	mark	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	42	24	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	25	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	26	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	42	27	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	42	28	hands	hand	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	29	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	42	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	42	31	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	32	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	42	33	influential	influential	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	34	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	35	elites	elite	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	36	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	42	37	who	who	PRON
esutjss-141	42	38	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	42	39	sitting	sit	VERB
esutjss-141	42	40	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	42	41	top	top	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	42	severe	severe	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	43	patronage	patronage	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	44	networks	network	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	45	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	42	46	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	47	was	be	AUX
esutjss-141	42	48	subdued	subdue	VERB
esutjss-141	42	49	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	42	50	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	42	51	non	non	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	52	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	53	giant	giant	ADJ
esutjss-141	42	54	status	status	NOUN
esutjss-141	42	55	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	43	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	43	2	educated	educate	VERB
esutjss-141	43	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	43	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	43	5	influential	influential	ADJ
esutjss-141	43	6	primarily	primarily	ADV
esutjss-141	43	7	views	view	VERB
esutjss-141	43	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	43	9	governance	governance	NOUN
esutjss-141	43	10	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	43	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	43	12	lens	lens	NOUN
esutjss-141	43	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	43	14	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	43	15	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	43	16	survival	survival	NOUN
esutjss-141	43	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	43	18	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
esutjss-141	43	19	rather	rather	ADV
esutjss-141	43	20	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	43	21	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-141	43	22	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	43	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	44	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	44	2	centralized	centralized	ADJ
esutjss-141	44	3	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	44	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	44	5	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	44	6	structures	structure	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	44	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	44	9	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	10	tend	tend	VERB
esutjss-141	44	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	44	12	make	make	VERB
esutjss-141	44	13	those	those	PRON
esutjss-141	44	14	who	who	PRON
esutjss-141	44	15	regulate	regulate	VERB
esutjss-141	44	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	44	17	handle	handle	VERB
esutjss-141	44	18	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-141	44	19	state	state	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	20	posts	post	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	21	stupendously	stupendously	ADV
esutjss-141	44	22	wealthy	wealthy	ADJ
esutjss-141	44	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	44	24	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-141	44	25	75	75	NUM
esutjss-141	44	26	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	27	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	44	28	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
esutjss-141	44	29	fall	fall	VERB
esutjss-141	44	30	into	into	ADP
esutjss-141	44	31	extreme	extreme	ADJ
esutjss-141	44	32	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	33	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	44	34	omeh	omeh	NOUN
esutjss-141	44	35	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-141	44	36	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-141	44	37	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	44	38	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-141	44	39	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	44	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	45	1	statement	statement	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	45	3	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	45	5	growing	grow	VERB
esutjss-141	45	6	importance	importance	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	45	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	9	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	45	10	based	base	VERB
esutjss-141	45	11	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	45	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	45	13	consensus	consensus	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	14	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	45	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	45	16	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	45	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	45	19	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	20	needs	need	VERB
esutjss-141	45	21	good	good	ADJ
esutjss-141	45	22	governance	governance	NOUN
esutjss-141	45	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	46	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-141	46	2	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	46	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	46	4	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	46	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	7	related	relate	VERB
esutjss-141	46	8	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	46	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	46	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	12	between	between	ADP
esutjss-141	46	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	46	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	46	16	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	17	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	46	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	46	19	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-141	46	20	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	46	21	enter	enter	VERB
esutjss-141	46	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	46	23	vision	vision	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	24	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	46	25	field	field	NOUN
esutjss-141	46	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	47	1	mauro	mauro	PROPN
esutjss-141	47	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	47	3	1995	1995	NUM
esutjss-141	47	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	47	5	analyzed	analyze	VERB
esutjss-141	47	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	47	7	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	47	8	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	47	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	47	10	over	over	ADP
esutjss-141	47	11	70	70	NUM
esutjss-141	47	12	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	47	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	47	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	47	15	world	world	NOUN
esutjss-141	47	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	47	17	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-141	47	18	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	47	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	47	20	led	lead	VERB
esutjss-141	47	21	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	47	22	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-141	47	23	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-141	47	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	47	25	affected	affect	VERB
esutjss-141	47	26	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	47	27	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	47	28	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	47	29	mauro	mauro	PROPN
esutjss-141	47	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	47	31	1995	1995	NUM
esutjss-141	47	32	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	47	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	48	1	treisman	treisman	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	48	3	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-141	48	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	48	5	found	find	VERB
esutjss-141	48	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	48	7	causal	causal	ADJ
esutjss-141	48	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	9	between	between	ADP
esutjss-141	48	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	48	11	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	48	12	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	48	14	reciprocal	reciprocal	ADJ
esutjss-141	48	15	causation	causation	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	48	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	18	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	48	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	48	20	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	48	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	48	23	per	per	PROPN
esutjss-141	48	24	capita	capita	X
esutjss-141	48	25	gdp	gdp	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	48	27	treisman	treisman	NOUN
esutjss-141	48	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	48	29	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-141	48	30	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	48	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	49	1	compared	compare	VERB
esutjss-141	49	2	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	49	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	49	4	developed	develop	VERB
esutjss-141	49	5	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	49	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	49	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	49	8	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-141	49	9	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	49	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	49	11	more	more	ADV
esutjss-141	49	12	common	common	ADJ
esutjss-141	49	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	1	bardhan	bardhan	ADV
esutjss-141	50	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	3	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	50	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	5	pointed	point	VERB
esutjss-141	50	6	out	out	ADP
esutjss-141	50	7	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	50	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	50	9	had	have	VERB
esutjss-141	50	10	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	50	11	devastating	devastating	ADJ
esutjss-141	50	12	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-141	50	13	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	50	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	50	15	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-141	50	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	17	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-141	50	18	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	50	19	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	50	20	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	50	21	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	50	22	denied	deny	VERB
esutjss-141	50	23	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	50	24	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	50	25	has	have	VERB
esutjss-141	50	26	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	50	27	positive	positive	ADJ
esutjss-141	50	28	meaning	meaning	NOUN
esutjss-141	50	29	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	50	30	some	some	DET
esutjss-141	50	31	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-141	50	32	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	33	bardhan	bardhan	ADV
esutjss-141	50	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	35	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	50	36	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	50	37	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	51	1	farooq	farooq	PROPN
esutjss-141	51	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	51	3	shahbaz	shahbaz	PROPN
esutjss-141	51	4	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-141	51	5	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-141	51	6	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	52	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	52	2	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-141	52	3	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	52	4	shows	show	VERB
esutjss-141	52	5	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	52	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	52	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	52	8	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	52	9	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
esutjss-141	52	10	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	52	11	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	52	12	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	52	13	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	52	14	building	build	VERB
esutjss-141	52	15	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	52	16	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-141	52	17	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-141	52	18	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-141	52	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	52	20	farooq	farooq	PROPN
esutjss-141	52	21	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-141	52	22	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-141	52	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	52	24	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-141	52	25	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	52	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	53	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	53	2	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-141	53	3	between	between	ADP
esutjss-141	53	4	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-141	53	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	53	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	53	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	53	8	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	53	9	controversial	controversial	ADJ
esutjss-141	53	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	54	1	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	54	2	studying	study	VERB
esutjss-141	54	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	54	4	cross	cross	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	5	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	6	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	54	8	37	37	NUM
esutjss-141	54	9	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	54	11	using	use	VERB
esutjss-141	54	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	54	13	gini	gini	PROPN
esutjss-141	54	14	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	15	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	54	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	54	17	measurement	measurement	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	18	scale	scale	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	54	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	54	21	gupta	gupta	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	22	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	54	23	davoodi	davoodi	NOUN
esutjss-141	54	24	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-141	54	25	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-141	54	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	55	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	55	2	1998	1998	NUM
esutjss-141	55	3	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	55	4	pointed	point	VERB
esutjss-141	55	5	out	out	ADP
esutjss-141	55	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	55	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	55	8	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	55	9	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-141	55	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	55	11	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-141	55	12	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-141	55	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	55	14	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-141	55	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-141	55	16	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	55	17	gupta	gupta	PROPN
esutjss-141	55	18	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-141	55	19	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-141	55	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	55	21	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-141	55	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	55	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	56	1	184	184	NUM
esutjss-141	56	2	literature	literature	PROPN
esutjss-141	56	3	review	review	VERB
esutjss-141	56	4	rich	rich	ADJ
esutjss-141	56	5	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	56	6	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ
esutjss-141	56	7	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
esutjss-141	56	8	debates	debate	NOUN
esutjss-141	56	9	compose	compose	VERB
esutjss-141	56	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	56	11	vast	vast	ADJ
esutjss-141	56	12	majority	majority	NOUN
esutjss-141	56	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	56	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	56	15	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-141	56	16	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	56	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	56	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	56	19	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	56	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	57	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-141	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	57	3	new	new	ADJ
esutjss-141	57	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-141	57	5	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	57	6	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	57	7	begun	begin	VERB
esutjss-141	57	8	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	57	9	resolve	resolve	VERB
esutjss-141	57	10	long	long	ADV
esutjss-141	57	11	disputed	dispute	VERB
esutjss-141	57	12	issues	issue	NOUN
esutjss-141	57	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	58	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-141	58	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	58	3	especially	especially	ADV
esutjss-141	58	4	true	true	ADJ
esutjss-141	58	5	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	58	6	regard	regard	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	7	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	58	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	58	9	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	58	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	58	12	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	58	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	15	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	58	16	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	58	18	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
esutjss-141	58	19	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	58	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	58	21	goal	goal	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	58	23	building	build	VERB
esutjss-141	58	24	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	58	25	will	will	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	26	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	58	27	counter	counter	VERB
esutjss-141	58	28	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	58	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	59	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	59	2	light	light	NOUN
esutjss-141	59	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	59	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	59	5	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
esutjss-141	59	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	59	7	collecting	collect	VERB
esutjss-141	59	8	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	59	9	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	59	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	59	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	59	12	given	give	VERB
esutjss-141	59	13	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	59	14	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
esutjss-141	59	15	secrecy	secrecy	NOUN
esutjss-141	59	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	59	17	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	59	18	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	59	19	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	59	20	surprising	surprising	ADJ
esutjss-141	59	21	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	59	22	there	there	PRON
esutjss-141	59	23	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	59	24	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	59	25	few	few	ADJ
esutjss-141	59	26	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-141	59	27	works	work	NOUN
esutjss-141	59	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	60	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	60	2	general	general	ADJ
esutjss-141	60	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	60	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	60	5	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	6	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	60	7	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	60	8	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	60	9	done	do	VERB
esutjss-141	60	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	60	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	12	draw	draw	VERB
esutjss-141	60	13	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	60	14	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	15	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	60	16	original	original	ADJ
esutjss-141	60	17	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	60	19	interviews	interview	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	60	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	60	22	focus	focus	VERB
esutjss-141	60	23	groups	group	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	24	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	60	25	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	60	26	perceptions	perception	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	27	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	60	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	60	29	purchasable	purchasable	ADJ
esutjss-141	60	30	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	31	indexes	index	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	32	created	create	VERB
esutjss-141	60	33	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	60	34	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	35	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	60	36	related	relate	VERB
esutjss-141	60	37	purposes	purpose	NOUN
esutjss-141	60	38	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	61	1	examples	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	61	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	61	4	former	former	ADJ
esutjss-141	61	5	include	include	VERB
esutjss-141	61	6	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	61	8	democracy	democracy	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	61	10	thailand	thailand	PROPN
esutjss-141	61	11	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	61	12	pasuk	pasuk	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	13	phongpaichit	phongpaichit	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	61	15	sungsidh	sungsidh	ADJ
esutjss-141	61	16	piriyarangsan1	piriyarangsan1	PROPN
esutjss-141	61	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	61	18	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	61	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	20	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	61	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	61	22	facts	fact	NOUN
esutjss-141	61	23	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	61	24	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	61	25	daniel	daniel	PROPN
esutjss-141	61	26	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
esutjss-141	61	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	62	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	62	2	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
esutjss-141	62	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	62	4	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	62	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	62	6	phongpaichit	phongpaichit	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	62	8	piriyarangsan	piriyarangsan	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	9	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
esutjss-141	62	10	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	62	11	opinion	opinion	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	12	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	62	14	focus	focus	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	15	groups	group	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	62	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	62	18	interviews	interview	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	19	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	62	20	study	study	VERB
esutjss-141	62	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	62	22	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	62	23	perception	perception	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	62	25	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	62	26	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	62	27	thailand	thailand	PROPN
esutjss-141	62	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	63	1	daniel	daniel	PROPN
esutjss-141	63	2	kaufmann	kaufmann	PROPN
esutjss-141	63	3	uses	use	VERB
esutjss-141	63	4	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	63	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	63	6	generate	generate	VERB
esutjss-141	63	7	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	63	8	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	63	9	elite	elite	ADJ
esutjss-141	63	10	perceptions	perception	NOUN
esutjss-141	63	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	63	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	63	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	63	14	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	63	15	developing	develop	VERB
esutjss-141	63	16	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	63	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	64	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	64	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	64	3	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	64	4	defined	define	VERB
esutjss-141	64	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	64	6	redefined	redefine	VERB
esutjss-141	64	7	controversy	controversy	NOUN
esutjss-141	64	8	over	over	ADP
esutjss-141	64	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	64	10	begins	begin	VERB
esutjss-141	64	11	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	64	12	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	64	13	definition	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	64	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	65	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	65	2	term	term	NOUN
esutjss-141	65	3	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	65	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	65	5	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	65	6	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	65	7	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	65	8	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	65	9	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	65	10	refer	refer	VERB
esutjss-141	65	11	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	65	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	65	13	wide	wide	ADJ
esutjss-141	65	14	range	range	NOUN
esutjss-141	65	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	65	16	illicit	illicit	ADJ
esutjss-141	65	17	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	65	18	illegal	illegal	ADJ
esutjss-141	65	19	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-141	65	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	66	1	although	although	SCONJ
esutjss-141	66	2	there	there	PRON
esutjss-141	66	3	is	be	VERB
esutjss-141	66	4	no	no	DET
esutjss-141	66	5	universal	universal	ADJ
esutjss-141	66	6	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	66	7	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
esutjss-141	66	8	definition	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	66	10	what	what	PRON
esutjss-141	66	11	constitutes	constitute	VERB
esutjss-141	66	12	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	66	13	behavior	behavior	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	66	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	66	16	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	66	17	prominent	prominent	ADJ
esutjss-141	66	18	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	19	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
esutjss-141	66	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	66	21	abuse	abuse	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	66	23	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	66	24	power	power	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	25	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	66	26	position	position	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	27	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	66	28	personal	personal	ADJ
esutjss-141	66	29	benefit	benefit	NOUN
esutjss-141	66	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	67	1	mark	mark	PROPN
esutjss-141	67	2	philip	philip	PROPN
esutjss-141	67	3	identified	identify	VERB
esutjss-141	67	4	three	three	NUM
esutjss-141	67	5	broad	broad	ADJ
esutjss-141	67	6	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	67	7	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	67	8	commonly	commonly	ADV
esutjss-141	67	9	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	67	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	67	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	67	12	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-141	67	13	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	67	14	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	67	15	office	office	NOUN
esutjss-141	67	16	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	67	17	centered	center	VERB
esutjss-141	67	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	67	19	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	67	20	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	67	21	centered	center	VERB
esutjss-141	67	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	67	23	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	67	24	market	market	NOUN
esutjss-141	67	25	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	67	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	68	1	these	these	DET
esutjss-141	68	2	three	three	NUM
esutjss-141	68	3	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	68	5	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	6	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	68	7	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	68	8	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	68	9	starting	start	VERB
esutjss-141	68	10	points	point	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	11	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	68	12	analyzing	analyze	VERB
esutjss-141	68	13	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	68	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	68	16	heidenheimer	heidenheimer	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	17	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	68	18	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	68	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	68	21	1970	1970	NUM
esutjss-141	68	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	68	23	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	68	24	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	68	25	successor	successor	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	26	volume	volume	NOUN
esutjss-141	68	27	edited	edit	VERB
esutjss-141	68	28	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	68	29	heidenheimer	heidenheimer	PROPN
esutjss-141	68	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	68	31	johnston	johnston	PROPN
esutjss-141	68	32	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	68	33	le	le	X
esutjss-141	68	34	vine	vine	PROPN
esutjss-141	68	35	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	68	36	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-141	68	37	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	68	38	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	69	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	69	2	philip	philip	PROPN
esutjss-141	69	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	69	4	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	69	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	69	6	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	69	7	office	office	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	8	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	69	9	centered	center	VERB
esutjss-141	69	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	11	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	69	12	defined	define	VERB
esutjss-141	69	13	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	69	14	behavior	behavior	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	15	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	69	16	digresses	digress	VERB
esutjss-141	69	17	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	69	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	69	19	formal	formal	ADJ
esutjss-141	69	20	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	69	21	duties	duty	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	69	23	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	69	24	official	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	25	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	69	26	reasons	reason	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	27	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	69	28	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	69	29	benefit	benefit	NOUN
esutjss-141	69	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	1	j.s	j.s	PROPN
esutjss-141	70	2	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	70	3	nye	nye	PROPN
esutjss-141	70	4	provides	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	70	5	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	70	6	example	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	70	8	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	70	9	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	10	officecentered	officecentere	VERB
esutjss-141	70	11	definition	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	12	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	13	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	70	15	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	70	16	behavior	behavior	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	17	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	70	18	deviates	deviate	VERB
esutjss-141	70	19	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	70	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	70	21	formal	formal	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	22	duties	duty	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	70	24	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	70	25	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	26	role	role	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	27	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-141	70	28	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	70	29	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	30	regarding	regard	VERB
esutjss-141	70	31	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	32	personal	personal	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	33	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	34	close	close	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	35	family	family	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	36	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	37	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	38	clique	clique	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	39	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	40	pecuniary	pecuniary	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	41	status	status	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	42	gains	gain	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	43	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-141	70	44	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	70	45	violates	violate	VERB
esutjss-141	70	46	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	47	against	against	ADP
esutjss-141	70	48	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	70	49	exercise	exercise	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	50	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	70	51	certain	certain	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	52	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	53	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	70	54	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	70	55	regarding	regard	VERB
esutjss-141	70	56	influence	influence	NOUN
esutjss-141	70	57	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-141	71	2	includes	include	VERB
esutjss-141	71	3	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	71	4	behavior	behavior	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	5	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	71	6	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	8	use	use	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	71	10	reward	reward	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	71	12	pervert	pervert	VERB
esutjss-141	71	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	71	14	judgment	judgment	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	71	16	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	71	17	person	person	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	71	19	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	71	20	position	position	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	71	22	trust	trust	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	24	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	25	nepotism	nepotism	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	27	bestowal	bestowal	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	28	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	71	29	patronage	patronage	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	30	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	71	31	reason	reason	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	32	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	71	33	ascriptive	ascriptive	ADJ
esutjss-141	71	34	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	35	rather	rather	ADV
esutjss-141	71	36	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	71	37	merit	merit	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	38	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	39	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	40	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	71	41	misappropriation	misappropriation	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	42	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	43	illegal	illegal	ADJ
esutjss-141	71	44	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	45	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	71	46	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	71	47	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	48	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	71	49	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	71	50	185	185	NUM
esutjss-141	71	51	regarding	regard	VERB
esutjss-141	71	52	uses	use	NOUN
esutjss-141	71	53	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	71	54	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	72	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	72	2	nye	nye	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	72	4	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-141	72	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	72	6	nye	nye	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	7	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	72	8	definition	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	9	avoids	avoid	VERB
esutjss-141	72	10	mention	mention	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	72	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	72	13	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	72	14	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	72	16	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	72	17	nye	nye	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	18	considers	consider	VERB
esutjss-141	72	19	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	72	20	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	72	21	affected	affect	VERB
esutjss-141	72	22	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	72	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	72	25	rather	rather	ADV
esutjss-141	72	26	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	72	27	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	72	28	component	component	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	29	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	72	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	72	31	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	32	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	72	33	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	72	34	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	73	1	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	73	2	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	73	3	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	73	4	centered	center	VERB
esutjss-141	73	5	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	73	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	73	7	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	73	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	73	9	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	73	10	hand	hand	NOUN
esutjss-141	73	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	73	12	focus	focus	VERB
esutjss-141	73	13	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	73	14	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
esutjss-141	73	15	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	73	16	impact	impact	VERB
esutjss-141	73	17	negatively	negatively	ADV
esutjss-141	73	18	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	73	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	73	20	welfare	welfare	NOUN
esutjss-141	73	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	73	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	73	23	public	public	NOUN
esutjss-141	73	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	74	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	74	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	74	3	words	word	NOUN
esutjss-141	74	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	74	5	carl	carl	PROPN
esutjss-141	74	6	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
esutjss-141	74	7	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	74	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	74	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	74	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	75	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	75	3	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	75	4	said	say	VERB
esutjss-141	75	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	75	6	exist	exist	VERB
esutjss-141	75	7	whenever	whenever	SCONJ
esutjss-141	75	8	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	75	9	power	power	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	10	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	75	11	holder	holder	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	12	who	who	PRON
esutjss-141	75	13	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	75	14	charged	charge	VERB
esutjss-141	75	15	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	75	16	doing	do	VERB
esutjss-141	75	17	certain	certain	ADJ
esutjss-141	75	18	things	thing	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	75	20	i.e.	i.e.	X
esutjss-141	75	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	75	22	who	who	PRON
esutjss-141	75	23	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	75	24	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	75	25	responsible	responsible	ADJ
esutjss-141	75	26	functionary	functionary	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	27	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	75	28	office	office	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	29	holder	holder	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	75	31	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	75	32	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	75	33	monetary	monetary	ADJ
esutjss-141	75	34	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	75	35	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	75	36	rewards	reward	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	37	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	75	38	legally	legally	ADV
esutjss-141	75	39	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	75	40	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	75	41	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	75	42	induced	induce	VERB
esutjss-141	75	43	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	75	44	take	take	VERB
esutjss-141	75	45	actions	action	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	46	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	75	47	favour	favour	VERB
esutjss-141	75	48	whoever	whoever	PRON
esutjss-141	75	49	provides	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	75	50	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	75	51	rewards	reward	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	52	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	75	53	thereby	thereby	ADV
esutjss-141	75	54	does	do	VERB
esutjss-141	75	55	damage	damage	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	56	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	75	57	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	75	58	public	public	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	59	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	75	60	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	75	61	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	75	62	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	1	neither	neither	CCONJ
esutjss-141	76	2	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	76	3	office	office	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	4	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	5	centered	center	VERB
esutjss-141	76	6	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	76	7	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	76	8	interestcentered	interestcentere	VERB
esutjss-141	76	9	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	10	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	76	11	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	76	12	consensus	consensus	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	13	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	76	14	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	76	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	76	16	standards	standard	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	17	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	76	18	should	should	AUX
esutjss-141	76	19	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	76	20	utilized	utilize	VERB
esutjss-141	76	21	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	76	22	determine	determine	VERB
esutjss-141	76	23	what	what	PRON
esutjss-141	76	24	constitutes	constitute	VERB
esutjss-141	76	25	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	26	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	76	27	regarding	regard	VERB
esutjss-141	76	28	pecuniary	pecuniary	ADJ
esutjss-141	76	29	status	status	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	30	gains	gain	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	31	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	32	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	76	33	actions	action	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	34	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	76	35	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	36	damage	damage	VERB
esutjss-141	76	37	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	76	38	public	public	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	39	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	76	40	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	76	41	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	42	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	43	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	76	44	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	76	45	example	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	76	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	77	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	77	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	77	3	ambiguous	ambiguous	ADJ
esutjss-141	77	4	whether	whether	SCONJ
esutjss-141	77	5	these	these	DET
esutjss-141	77	6	standards	standard	NOUN
esutjss-141	77	7	should	should	AUX
esutjss-141	77	8	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	77	9	established	establish	VERB
esutjss-141	77	10	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	77	11	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	77	12	opinion	opinion	NOUN
esutjss-141	77	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	77	14	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	77	15	norms	norm	NOUN
esutjss-141	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	77	17	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	77	18	norms	norm	NOUN
esutjss-141	77	19	derived	derive	VERB
esutjss-141	77	20	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	77	21	modern	modern	ADJ
esutjss-141	77	22	western	western	ADJ
esutjss-141	77	23	democratic	democratic	ADJ
esutjss-141	77	24	systems	system	NOUN
esutjss-141	77	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	78	1	market	market	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	2	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	78	3	centered	center	VERB
esutjss-141	78	4	definitions	definition	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	5	base	base	VERB
esutjss-141	78	6	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	78	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	78	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	78	11	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	78	12	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	78	13	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	78	14	choice	choice	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	15	theory	theory	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	78	17	utilizing	utilize	VERB
esutjss-141	78	18	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	78	19	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	78	20	methodology	methodology	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	21	within	within	ADP
esutjss-141	78	22	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	78	23	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	78	24	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-141	78	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	79	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	79	3	once	once	ADV
esutjss-141	79	4	broadly	broadly	ADV
esutjss-141	79	5	defined	define	VERB
esutjss-141	79	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	79	7	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	79	8	then	then	ADV
esutjss-141	79	9	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	79	10	further	far	ADV
esutjss-141	79	11	broken	break	VERB
esutjss-141	79	12	down	down	ADP
esutjss-141	79	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	79	14	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-141	79	15	ways	way	NOUN
esutjss-141	79	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	79	17	into	into	ADP
esutjss-141	79	18	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-141	79	19	categories	category	NOUN
esutjss-141	79	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	80	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	80	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	80	3	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	80	4	described	describe	VERB
esutjss-141	80	5	according	accord	VERB
esutjss-141	80	6	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	80	7	where	where	SCONJ
esutjss-141	80	8	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	80	9	occurs	occur	VERB
esutjss-141	80	10	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	80	11	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	80	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	80	13	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	80	14	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	80	15	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
esutjss-141	80	16	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	80	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	80	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	80	19	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	80	20	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	80	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	80	22	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	80	23	within	within	ADP
esutjss-141	80	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	80	25	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	80	26	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	80	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	81	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	81	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	81	3	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	81	4	defined	define	VERB
esutjss-141	81	5	according	accord	VERB
esutjss-141	81	6	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	81	7	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	81	8	intensity	intensity	NOUN
esutjss-141	81	9	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	81	10	whether	whether	SCONJ
esutjss-141	81	11	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	81	12	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	81	13	isolated	isolate	VERB
esutjss-141	81	14	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	81	15	systematic	systematic	ADJ
esutjss-141	81	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	82	1	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	82	2	scientists	scientist	NOUN
esutjss-141	82	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	82	4	experts	expert	NOUN
esutjss-141	82	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	82	6	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	82	7	administration	administration	NOUN
esutjss-141	82	8	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	82	9	focused	focus	VERB
esutjss-141	82	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	82	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
esutjss-141	82	12	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-141	82	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	82	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	82	15	systemic	systemic	ADJ
esutjss-141	82	16	roots	root	NOUN
esutjss-141	82	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	82	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	82	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	83	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	83	2	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	83	3	vein	vein	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	83	5	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	83	6	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	83	7	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	83	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	83	10	system	system	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	11	enabling	enable	VERB
esutjss-141	83	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	13	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	83	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	83	15	divergence	divergence	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	16	between	between	ADP
esutjss-141	83	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	83	18	formal	formal	ADJ
esutjss-141	83	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	83	20	informal	informal	ADJ
esutjss-141	83	21	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	22	governing	govern	VERB
esutjss-141	83	23	behavior	behavior	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	24	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	83	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	83	26	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	83	27	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	83	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	84	2	vast	vast	ADJ
esutjss-141	84	3	majority	majority	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	5	if	if	SCONJ
esutjss-141	84	6	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	84	7	all	all	PRON
esutjss-141	84	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	84	10	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	11	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	84	12	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	13	against	against	ADP
esutjss-141	84	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	16	although	although	SCONJ
esutjss-141	84	17	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	84	18	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	84	19	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	20	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	84	21	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	84	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	84	23	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	24	they	they	PRON
esutjss-141	84	25	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	84	26	need	need	VERB
esutjss-141	84	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	29	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	30	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	84	31	bank	bank	PROPN
esutjss-141	84	32	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	33	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	84	34	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	35	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	84	36	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	84	37	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	38	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	84	39	systemic	systemic	ADJ
esutjss-141	84	40	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	41	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	84	42	formal	formal	ADJ
esutjss-141	84	43	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	44	become	become	VERB
esutjss-141	84	45	subordinate	subordinate	ADJ
esutjss-141	84	46	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	84	47	informal	informal	ADJ
esutjss-141	84	48	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	84	49	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	85	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	85	2	some	some	DET
esutjss-141	85	3	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	85	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	85	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	85	6	divergence	divergence	NOUN
esutjss-141	85	7	between	between	ADP
esutjss-141	85	8	formal	formal	ADJ
esutjss-141	85	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	85	10	informal	informal	ADJ
esutjss-141	85	11	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	85	12	results	result	VERB
esutjss-141	85	13	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	85	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	85	15	manner	manner	NOUN
esutjss-141	85	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	85	17	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	85	18	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	85	19	authority	authority	NOUN
esutjss-141	85	20	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	85	21	exercised	exercise	VERB
esutjss-141	85	22	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	85	23	maintained	maintain	VERB
esutjss-141	85	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	86	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	86	2	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	86	3	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-141	86	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	86	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	86	6	root	root	NOUN
esutjss-141	86	7	cause	cause	NOUN
esutjss-141	86	8	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	86	9	reside	reside	VERB
esutjss-141	86	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	86	11	weak	weak	ADJ
esutjss-141	86	12	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	86	13	management	management	NOUN
esutjss-141	86	14	systems	system	NOUN
esutjss-141	86	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	86	16	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
esutjss-141	86	17	policies	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	86	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	87	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	87	2	both	both	DET
esutjss-141	87	3	situations	situation	NOUN
esutjss-141	87	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	87	5	reestablishing	reestablish	VERB
esutjss-141	87	6	formal	formal	ADJ
esutjss-141	87	7	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-141	87	8	requires	require	VERB
esutjss-141	87	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
esutjss-141	87	10	strengthening	strengthening	NOUN
esutjss-141	87	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	87	12	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	87	13	bank	bank	NOUN
esutjss-141	87	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	87	15	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	87	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	87	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	88	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	88	2	endures	endure	NOUN
esutjss-141	88	3	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	88	4	one	one	NUM
esutjss-141	88	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	88	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	88	7	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	88	8	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
esutjss-141	88	9	forms	form	NOUN
esutjss-141	88	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	88	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	88	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	89	1	nations	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	2	try	try	VERB
esutjss-141	89	3	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	89	4	utmost	utmost	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	89	6	prohibit	prohibit	VERB
esutjss-141	89	7	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	89	9	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	89	10	punish	punish	VERB
esutjss-141	89	11	contributors	contributor	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	89	13	participants	participant	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	89	15	yet	yet	CCONJ
esutjss-141	89	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	89	17	practice	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	18	persists	persist	VERB
esutjss-141	89	19	despite	despite	SCONJ
esutjss-141	89	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	89	21	fact	fact	NOUN
esutjss-141	89	22	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	89	23	addressing	address	VERB
esutjss-141	89	24	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	89	25	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	89	26	relatively	relatively	ADV
esutjss-141	89	27	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
esutjss-141	89	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	90	1	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-141	90	2	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ
esutjss-141	90	3	antibribery	antibribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	90	4	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
esutjss-141	90	5	186	186	NUM
esutjss-141	90	6	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	90	7	addressed	address	VERB
esutjss-141	90	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	90	9	symptoms	symptom	NOUN
esutjss-141	90	10	rather	rather	ADV
esutjss-141	90	11	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	90	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	90	13	underlying	underlie	VERB
esutjss-141	90	14	institutional	institutional	ADJ
esutjss-141	90	15	pathology	pathology	NOUN
esutjss-141	90	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	91	1	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	91	2	antibribery	antibribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	91	3	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
esutjss-141	91	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	91	5	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	91	6	witch	witch	NOUN
esutjss-141	91	7	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	91	8	hunts	hunt	NOUN
esutjss-141	91	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	91	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	91	11	aimed	aim	VERB
esutjss-141	91	12	more	more	ADV
esutjss-141	91	13	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	91	14	eliminating	eliminate	VERB
esutjss-141	91	15	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	91	16	competition	competition	NOUN
esutjss-141	91	17	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	91	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	91	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	91	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	91	21	never	never	ADV
esutjss-141	91	22	intended	intend	VERB
esutjss-141	91	23	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	91	24	succeed	succeed	VERB
esutjss-141	91	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	92	1	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	92	2	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	92	3	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-141	92	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	92	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	92	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	92	7	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	92	8	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	92	9	received	receive	VERB
esutjss-141	92	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	92	11	greatest	great	ADJ
esutjss-141	92	12	attention	attention	NOUN
esutjss-141	92	13	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	92	14	both	both	CCONJ
esutjss-141	92	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	92	16	international	international	ADJ
esutjss-141	92	17	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-141	92	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	92	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	92	20	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-141	92	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	93	1	recently	recently	ADV
esutjss-141	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	93	3	29	29	NUM
esutjss-141	93	4	nations	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	93	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	93	7	organization	organization	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	93	9	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	93	10	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	93	12	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	93	14	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	93	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	93	16	agreed	agree	VERB
esutjss-141	93	17	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	93	18	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	93	19	treaty	treaty	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	20	outlawing	outlaw	VERB
esutjss-141	93	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	93	22	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	93	24	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-141	93	25	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	26	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	93	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	94	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	94	2	november	november	PROPN
esutjss-141	94	3	20	20	NUM
esutjss-141	94	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	94	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	94	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	94	7	signing	signing	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	8	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-141	94	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	94	10	lengthy	lengthy	ADJ
esutjss-141	94	11	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	12	process	process	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	94	14	holds	hold	VERB
esutjss-141	94	15	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	94	16	industrial	industrial	ADJ
esutjss-141	94	17	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	18	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	94	19	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	20	standards	standard	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	21	adopted	adopt	VERB
esutjss-141	94	22	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	94	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	94	24	united	united	PROPN
esutjss-141	94	25	states	states	PROPN
esutjss-141	94	26	20	20	NUM
esutjss-141	94	27	years	year	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	28	ago	ago	ADV
esutjss-141	94	29	under	under	ADP
esutjss-141	94	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	94	31	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-141	94	32	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	94	33	practices	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	94	34	act	act	VERB
esutjss-141	94	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	95	1	until	until	ADP
esutjss-141	95	2	recently	recently	ADV
esutjss-141	95	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	95	4	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	95	5	industrialized	industrialize	VERB
esutjss-141	95	6	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	7	brushed	brush	VERB
esutjss-141	95	8	aside	aside	ADV
esutjss-141	95	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	95	10	idea	idea	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	95	12	outlawing	outlaw	VERB
esutjss-141	95	13	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	95	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-141	95	16	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	95	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	95	19	some	some	PRON
esutjss-141	95	20	even	even	ADV
esutjss-141	95	21	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	95	22	tax	tax	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	23	deductions	deduction	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	24	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	95	25	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	26	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	95	27	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	95	28	unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ
esutjss-141	95	29	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	95	30	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
esutjss-141	95	31	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	32	expense	expense	NOUN
esutjss-141	95	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	96	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	96	2	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	96	3	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	96	4	efforts	effort	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	5	addresses	address	VERB
esutjss-141	96	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	96	7	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	96	9	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	10	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	96	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	96	12	supply	supply	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	13	side	side	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	14	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	96	15	trying	try	VERB
esutjss-141	96	16	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	96	17	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-141	96	18	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	96	19	practice	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	20	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	96	21	elimination	elimination	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	96	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	96	24	source	source	NOUN
esutjss-141	96	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	97	1	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-141	97	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	97	3	treaty	treaty	NOUN
esutjss-141	97	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	97	5	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	97	6	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	97	7	step	step	NOUN
esutjss-141	97	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	97	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	97	10	right	right	ADJ
esutjss-141	97	11	direction	direction	NOUN
esutjss-141	97	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	97	13	as	as	ADV
esutjss-141	97	14	long	long	ADV
esutjss-141	97	15	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	97	16	there	there	PRON
esutjss-141	97	17	is	be	VERB
esutjss-141	97	18	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	97	19	demand	demand	NOUN
esutjss-141	97	20	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	97	21	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	97	22	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	97	23	supply	supply	NOUN
esutjss-141	97	24	will	will	AUX
esutjss-141	97	25	likely	likely	ADV
esutjss-141	97	26	rise	rise	VERB
esutjss-141	97	27	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	97	28	meet	meet	VERB
esutjss-141	97	29	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	97	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	98	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-141	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	98	3	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	98	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	98	5	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	98	6	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	98	7	address	address	VERB
esutjss-141	98	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	98	9	demand	demand	NOUN
esutjss-141	98	10	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	98	11	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	98	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	98	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	98	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	98	15	incentives	incentive	NOUN
esutjss-141	98	16	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	98	17	create	create	VERB
esutjss-141	98	18	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	98	19	demand	demand	NOUN
esutjss-141	98	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	99	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	2	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	99	3	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	99	4	defined	define	VERB
esutjss-141	99	5	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	99	6	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	99	7	[	[	X
esutjss-141	99	8	giving	giving	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	9	]	]	PUNCT
esutjss-141	99	10	any	any	DET
esutjss-141	99	11	article	article	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	99	13	value	value	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	14	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	99	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-141	99	16	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	17	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	99	19	exchange	exchange	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	20	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	99	21	any	any	DET
esutjss-141	99	22	act	act	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	23	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	99	24	omission	omission	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	99	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	99	27	performance	performance	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	28	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	99	29	that	that	DET
esutjss-141	99	30	official	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	31	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	99	32	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	99	33	functions	function	NOUN
esutjss-141	99	34	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	99	35	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	100	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	100	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	100	3	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	100	4	only	only	ADV
esutjss-141	100	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	100	6	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	100	7	widespread	widespread	ADJ
esutjss-141	100	8	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-141	100	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	100	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	100	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	100	12	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	100	13	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	100	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	100	15	one	one	NUM
esutjss-141	100	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	100	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	100	18	principle	principle	ADJ
esutjss-141	100	19	tools	tool	NOUN
esutjss-141	100	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	100	21	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	100	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	101	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	101	2	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	101	3	bank	bank	PROPN
esutjss-141	101	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	101	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	101	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	101	7	rose	rose	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	8	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	101	9	ackerman	ackerman	PROPN
esutjss-141	101	10	observes	observe	VERB
esutjss-141	101	11	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	101	12	individuals	individual	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	101	14	firms	firm	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	15	offer	offer	VERB
esutjss-141	101	16	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	17	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	18	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	101	19	two	two	NUM
esutjss-141	101	20	reasons	reason	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	21	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	101	22	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	101	23	obtain	obtain	VERB
esutjss-141	101	24	access	access	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	25	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	101	26	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	27	benefits	benefit	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	101	29	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	101	30	avoid	avoid	VERB
esutjss-141	101	31	costs	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	101	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	102	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	102	2	susan	susan	PROPN
esutjss-141	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	102	4	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-141	102	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	102	6	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-141	102	7	goods	good	NOUN
esutjss-141	102	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	102	9	services	service	NOUN
esutjss-141	102	10	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	102	11	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	102	12	central	central	ADJ
esutjss-141	102	13	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	102	14	local	local	ADJ
esutjss-141	102	15	governments	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	102	16	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	102	17	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	102	18	bought	buy	VERB
esutjss-141	102	19	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	102	20	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	102	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	102	22	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	102	23	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	102	24	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	102	25	expect	expect	VERB
esutjss-141	102	26	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	102	27	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	102	28	supply	supply	VERB
esutjss-141	102	29	them	they	PRON
esutjss-141	102	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	103	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	103	3	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	103	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
esutjss-141	103	5	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	103	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	103	7	method	method	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	103	9	influence	influence	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	10	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	103	11	firms	firm	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	12	bidding	bid	VERB
esutjss-141	103	13	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	103	14	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	15	contracts	contract	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	103	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	103	18	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	103	19	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	103	20	means	means	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	103	22	directing	direct	VERB
esutjss-141	103	23	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	24	allocation	allocation	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	103	26	benefits	benefit	NOUN
esutjss-141	103	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	104	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	104	3	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	104	4	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	104	5	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	104	6	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	104	7	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-141	104	8	taxes	taxis	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	104	10	fees	fee	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	12	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	104	13	acquire	acquire	VERB
esutjss-141	104	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	104	15	license	license	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	16	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	104	17	conveys	convey	VERB
esutjss-141	104	18	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	104	19	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
esutjss-141	104	20	right	right	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	22	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	104	23	speed	speed	VERB
esutjss-141	104	24	up	up	ADP
esutjss-141	104	25	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	26	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	104	27	granting	granting	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	28	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	104	29	permission	permission	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	30	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	104	31	carryout	carryout	VERB
esutjss-141	104	32	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	104	33	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	35	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	104	36	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	104	37	change	change	VERB
esutjss-141	104	38	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	39	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	104	40	legal	legal	ADJ
esutjss-141	104	41	processes	process	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	42	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	43	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	104	44	bank	bank	NOUN
esutjss-141	104	45	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	46	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	104	47	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	104	48	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	105	1	attributing	attribute	VERB
esutjss-141	105	2	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	105	3	research	research	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	4	work	work	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	5	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	105	6	my	my	PRON
esutjss-141	105	7	personal	personal	ADJ
esutjss-141	105	8	view	view	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	105	10	opinion	opinion	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	105	12	i	i	PRON
esutjss-141	105	13	’ll	’ll	AUX
esutjss-141	105	14	clearly	clearly	ADV
esutjss-141	105	15	state	state	VERB
esutjss-141	105	16	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	105	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	105	19	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	20	erodes	erode	VERB
esutjss-141	105	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	105	22	trust	trust	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	23	we	we	PRON
esutjss-141	105	24	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	105	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	105	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	105	27	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	105	28	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	29	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	105	30	act	act	VERB
esutjss-141	105	31	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	105	32	our	our	PRON
esutjss-141	105	33	best	good	ADJ
esutjss-141	105	34	interests	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	105	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	106	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	106	2	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	106	3	wastes	waste	VERB
esutjss-141	106	4	our	our	PRON
esutjss-141	106	5	taxes	taxis	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	6	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	106	7	rates	rate	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	8	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	106	9	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	106	10	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	106	11	earmarked	earmark	VERB
esutjss-141	106	12	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	106	13	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	106	14	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	15	projects	project	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	16	–	–	PUNCT
esutjss-141	106	17	meaning	mean	VERB
esutjss-141	106	18	we	we	PRON
esutjss-141	106	19	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	106	20	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	106	21	put	put	VERB
esutjss-141	106	22	up	up	ADP
esutjss-141	106	23	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	106	24	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-141	106	25	quality	quality	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	26	services	service	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	27	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	106	28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
esutjss-141	106	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	106	30	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	106	31	we	we	PRON
esutjss-141	106	32	miss	miss	VERB
esutjss-141	106	33	out	out	ADP
esutjss-141	106	34	altogether	altogether	ADV
esutjss-141	106	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	107	2	controlling	control	VERB
esutjss-141	107	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	107	4	cankerworm	cankerworm	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	5	called	call	VERB
esutjss-141	107	6	‘	'	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	107	9	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	10	’	'	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	12	one	one	PRON
esutjss-141	107	13	will	will	AUX
esutjss-141	107	14	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	107	15	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	107	16	speak	speak	VERB
esutjss-141	107	17	up	up	ADP
esutjss-141	107	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	107	19	make	make	VERB
esutjss-141	107	20	complaints	complaint	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	21	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	107	22	will	will	AUX
esutjss-141	107	23	help	help	VERB
esutjss-141	107	24	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	107	25	expose	expose	VERB
esutjss-141	107	26	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	27	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	107	29	risks	risk	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	30	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	107	31	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	107	32	187	187	NUM
esutjss-141	107	33	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
esutjss-141	107	34	remain	remain	VERB
esutjss-141	107	35	hidden	hidden	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	36	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	37	keep	keep	VERB
esutjss-141	107	38	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	107	39	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	40	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	41	honest	honest	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	42	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	43	transparent	transparent	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	44	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	107	45	accountable	accountable	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	46	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	47	stop	stop	VERB
esutjss-141	107	48	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	49	practices	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	50	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	107	51	ensure	ensure	VERB
esutjss-141	107	52	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	107	53	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	54	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	55	employees	employee	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	56	act	act	VERB
esutjss-141	107	57	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	107	58	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	107	59	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	107	60	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-141	107	61	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	108	1	methods	method	NOUN
esutjss-141	108	2	used	use	VERB
esutjss-141	108	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	108	4	use	use	NOUN
esutjss-141	108	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	108	6	statistical	statistical	ADJ
esutjss-141	108	7	methods	method	NOUN
esutjss-141	108	8	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	108	9	describe	describe	VERB
esutjss-141	108	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	108	11	qualify	qualify	VERB
esutjss-141	108	12	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	108	13	poses	pose	VERB
esutjss-141	108	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	108	15	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-141	108	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	108	17	methodological	methodological	ADJ
esutjss-141	108	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	108	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	109	1	since	since	SCONJ
esutjss-141	109	2	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	3	based	base	VERB
esutjss-141	109	4	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	109	5	reported	report	VERB
esutjss-141	109	6	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	109	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	9	usually	usually	ADV
esutjss-141	109	10	do	do	AUX
esutjss-141	109	11	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	109	12	reflect	reflect	VERB
esutjss-141	109	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	109	14	real	real	ADJ
esutjss-141	109	15	extent	extent	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	109	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	109	19	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	109	20	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	109	22	alternative	alternative	ADJ
esutjss-141	109	23	approaches	approach	NOUN
esutjss-141	109	24	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	109	25	been	be	AUX
esutjss-141	109	26	developed	develop	VERB
esutjss-141	109	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	110	1	examples	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	110	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	110	3	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	110	4	methods	method	NOUN
esutjss-141	110	5	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	110	6	represented	represent	VERB
esutjss-141	110	7	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	110	8	expert	expert	NOUN
esutjss-141	110	9	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	110	10	assessments	assessment	NOUN
esutjss-141	110	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	110	12	composite	composite	ADJ
esutjss-141	110	13	indicators	indicator	NOUN
esutjss-141	110	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	111	1	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	111	2	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
esutjss-141	111	3	present	present	ADJ
esutjss-141	111	4	advantages	advantage	NOUN
esutjss-141	111	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	111	6	drawbacks	drawback	NOUN
esutjss-141	111	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	112	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	112	3	it	it	PRON
esutjss-141	112	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	112	5	perceived	perceive	VERB
esutjss-141	112	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	112	7	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	112	8	methods	method	NOUN
esutjss-141	112	9	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	112	10	play	play	VERB
esutjss-141	112	11	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	112	12	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	112	13	role	role	NOUN
esutjss-141	112	14	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	112	15	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	112	16	initial	initial	ADJ
esutjss-141	112	17	phase	phase	NOUN
esutjss-141	112	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	112	19	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-141	112	20	there	there	PRON
esutjss-141	112	21	is	be	VERB
esutjss-141	112	22	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	112	23	need	need	NOUN
esutjss-141	112	24	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	112	25	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	112	26	some	some	DET
esutjss-141	112	27	baseline	baseline	NOUN
esutjss-141	112	28	indications	indication	NOUN
esutjss-141	112	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	113	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	113	2	promising	promising	ADJ
esutjss-141	113	3	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	113	5	represented	represent	VERB
esutjss-141	113	6	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	113	7	assessments	assessment	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	8	based	base	VERB
esutjss-141	113	9	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	113	10	representative	representative	ADJ
esutjss-141	113	11	sample	sample	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	12	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	113	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	113	15	given	give	VERB
esutjss-141	113	16	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	113	18	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	113	19	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	113	20	example	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	21	households	household	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	22	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	113	23	businesses	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	113	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	114	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	114	2	conduct	conduct	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	114	4	sample	sample	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	5	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	6	allows	allow	VERB
esutjss-141	114	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	114	8	direct	direct	ADJ
esutjss-141	114	9	collection	collection	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	114	11	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	12	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	114	13	experience	experience	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	114	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	114	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	115	1	several	several	ADJ
esutjss-141	115	2	aspects	aspect	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	115	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	5	episodes	episode	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	6	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	115	7	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	115	8	fully	fully	ADV
esutjss-141	115	9	investigated	investigate	VERB
esutjss-141	115	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	115	11	with	with	SCONJ
esutjss-141	115	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	115	13	view	view	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	14	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	115	15	better	well	ADV
esutjss-141	115	16	understand	understand	VERB
esutjss-141	115	17	modalities	modality	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	115	19	purposes	purpose	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	115	21	actors	actor	NOUN
esutjss-141	115	22	involved	involve	VERB
esutjss-141	115	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	116	1	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	116	2	typologies	typology	NOUN
esutjss-141	116	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	116	4	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	116	5	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	116	6	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	116	7	implemented	implement	VERB
esutjss-141	116	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	116	9	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	116	10	target	target	VERB
esutjss-141	116	11	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-141	116	12	groups	group	NOUN
esutjss-141	116	13	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-141	116	14	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	116	15	households	household	NOUN
esutjss-141	116	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	116	17	businesses	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	116	18	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	116	19	civil	civil	ADJ
esutjss-141	116	20	servants	servant	NOUN
esutjss-141	116	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	117	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	117	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	117	3	field	field	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	117	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	6	assessments	assessment	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	117	8	reliability	reliability	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	117	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	117	11	data	data	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	12	producer	producer	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	13	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	117	14	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	117	15	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	117	16	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	117	17	requirement	requirement	NOUN
esutjss-141	117	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	118	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	118	2	involvement	involvement	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	118	4	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	5	agencies	agency	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	118	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	118	8	production	production	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	118	10	evidence	evidence	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	11	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	118	12	based	base	VERB
esutjss-141	118	13	assessments	assessment	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	118	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	16	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	118	17	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-141	118	18	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	118	19	show	show	VERB
esutjss-141	118	20	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	21	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-141	118	22	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	118	23	term	term	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	24	commitment	commitment	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	25	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	118	26	formulate	formulate	VERB
esutjss-141	118	27	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	118	28	monitor	monitor	VERB
esutjss-141	118	29	anticorruption	anticorruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	30	policies	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	118	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	119	1	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	119	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	119	3	same	same	ADJ
esutjss-141	119	4	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-141	119	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	119	6	assessments	assessment	NOUN
esutjss-141	119	7	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-141	119	8	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	119	9	governmental	governmental	ADJ
esutjss-141	119	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
esutjss-141	119	11	may	may	AUX
esutjss-141	119	12	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	119	13	perceived	perceive	VERB
esutjss-141	119	14	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	119	15	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	119	16	being	be	AUX
esutjss-141	119	17	fully	fully	ADV
esutjss-141	119	18	independent	independent	ADJ
esutjss-141	119	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	120	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	120	2	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	120	3	context	context	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	120	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	120	6	use	use	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	120	8	solid	solid	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	120	10	transparent	transparent	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	11	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	120	13	better	well	ADV
esutjss-141	120	14	if	if	SCONJ
esutjss-141	120	15	tested	test	VERB
esutjss-141	120	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	120	17	promoted	promote	VERB
esutjss-141	120	18	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	120	19	international	international	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	20	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	120	22	represents	represent	VERB
esutjss-141	120	23	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	120	24	good	good	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	25	practice	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	26	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	120	27	produce	produce	VERB
esutjss-141	120	28	valuable	valuable	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	29	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	30	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	120	31	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	120	32	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	120	33	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	120	34	same	same	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	35	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	36	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	120	37	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	120	38	address	address	VERB
esutjss-141	120	39	possible	possible	ADJ
esutjss-141	120	40	doubts	doubt	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	41	about	about	ADP
esutjss-141	120	42	reliability	reliability	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	43	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	120	44	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	120	45	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	121	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	121	2	involvement	involvement	NOUN
esutjss-141	121	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	121	4	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-141	121	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
esutjss-141	121	6	authorities	authority	NOUN
esutjss-141	121	7	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	121	8	represent	represent	VERB
esutjss-141	121	9	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	121	10	additional	additional	ADJ
esutjss-141	121	11	element	element	NOUN
esutjss-141	121	12	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	121	13	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
esutjss-141	121	14	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	121	15	quality	quality	NOUN
esutjss-141	121	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	122	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	122	2	conduct	conduct	NOUN
esutjss-141	122	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	122	4	assessments	assessment	NOUN
esutjss-141	122	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	122	6	measure	measure	VERB
esutjss-141	122	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	122	8	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	122	9	characterize	characterize	VERB
esutjss-141	122	10	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	122	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	122	12	represents	represent	VERB
esutjss-141	122	13	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	122	14	extremely	extremely	ADV
esutjss-141	122	15	complex	complex	ADJ
esutjss-141	122	16	task	task	NOUN
esutjss-141	122	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	122	18	due	due	ADP
esutjss-141	122	19	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	122	20	methodological	methodological	ADJ
esutjss-141	122	21	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	122	22	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	122	23	its	its	PRON
esutjss-141	122	24	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	122	25	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
esutjss-141	122	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	123	1	result	result	VERB
esutjss-141	123	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	3	/	/	SYM
esutjss-141	123	4	findings	finding	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	5	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	6	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	7	rely	rely	VERB
esutjss-141	123	8	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	123	9	three	three	NUM
esutjss-141	123	10	main	main	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	11	indexes	index	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	12	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	123	13	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	123	14	compiled	compile	VERB
esutjss-141	123	15	cross	cross	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	16	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	17	country	country	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	18	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	19	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	123	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	21	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	123	22	banks	bank	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	123	24	institutional	institutional	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	25	investors	investor	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	123	27	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	123	28	multinational	multinational	ADJ
esutjss-141	123	29	firms	firm	NOUN
esutjss-141	123	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	124	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	124	2	alberton	alberton	PROPN
esutjss-141	124	3	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-141	124	4	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-141	124	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	124	6	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	124	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	125	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	125	2	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-141	125	3	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	4	set	set	VERB
esutjss-141	125	5	was	be	AUX
esutjss-141	125	6	created	create	VERB
esutjss-141	125	7	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	125	8	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	9	international	international	PROPN
esutjss-141	125	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	125	11	bi	bi	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	125	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	125	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	125	15	subsidiary	subsidiary	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	125	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	125	18	economist	economist	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	19	188	188	NUM
esutjss-141	125	20	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	21	unit	unit	NOUN
esutjss-141	125	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	126	1	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	126	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	126	3	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-141	126	4	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	126	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	126	6	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-141	126	7	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-141	126	8	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	126	9	1983	1983	NUM
esutjss-141	126	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	126	11	covers	cover	VERB
esutjss-141	126	12	nearly	nearly	ADV
esutjss-141	126	13	70	70	NUM
esutjss-141	126	14	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	126	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	127	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	127	2	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	3	set	set	VERB
esutjss-141	127	4	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	5	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	127	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	127	7	degree	degree	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	8	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	127	9	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	127	10	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	11	transactions	transaction	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	12	involve	involve	VERB
esutjss-141	127	13	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
esutjss-141	127	14	payments	payment	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	15	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	127	16	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	127	17	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	127	18	scale	scale	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	19	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	127	20	1	1	NUM
esutjss-141	127	21	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	127	22	10	10	NUM
esutjss-141	127	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	127	24	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	127	25	seen	see	VERB
esutjss-141	127	26	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	127	27	bi	bi	PROPN
esutjss-141	127	28	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	127	29	network	network	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	30	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	127	31	correspondents	correspondent	NOUN
esutjss-141	127	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	128	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	128	2	second	second	ADJ
esutjss-141	128	3	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	4	set	set	VERB
esutjss-141	128	5	originated	originate	VERB
esutjss-141	128	6	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	128	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	128	8	world	world	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	9	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	10	report	report	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	128	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	128	13	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	14	publication	publication	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	15	produced	produce	VERB
esutjss-141	128	16	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	128	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	128	18	world	world	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	19	economic	economic	PROPN
esutjss-141	128	20	forum	forum	PROPN
esutjss-141	128	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	128	22	switzerland	switzerland	PROPN
esutjss-141	128	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	128	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	128	25	consists	consist	VERB
esutjss-141	128	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	128	27	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	128	28	survey	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	29	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	128	30	top	top	ADJ
esutjss-141	128	31	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	128	32	middle	middle	ADJ
esutjss-141	128	33	managers	manager	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	34	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	128	35	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	128	36	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	128	37	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
esutjss-141	128	38	firms	firm	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	39	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	128	40	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	128	41	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	42	included	include	VERB
esutjss-141	128	43	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	128	44	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	128	45	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	128	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	1	since	since	SCONJ
esutjss-141	129	2	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-141	129	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	129	5	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	6	have	have	AUX
esutjss-141	129	7	asked	ask	VERB
esutjss-141	129	8	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	129	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	10	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	11	related	relate	VERB
esutjss-141	129	12	question	question	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	13	about	about	ADP
esutjss-141	129	14	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	129	16	degree	degree	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	17	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	129	18	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	129	19	improper	improper	ADJ
esutjss-141	129	20	practices	practice	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	22	like	like	ADP
esutjss-141	129	23	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	24	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	25	prevail	prevail	VERB
esutjss-141	129	26	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	129	27	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	129	28	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	129	29	sphere	sphere	NOUN
esutjss-141	129	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	129	31	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	130	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	130	2	subject	subject	ADJ
esutjss-141	130	3	pool	pool	NOUN
esutjss-141	130	4	generally	generally	ADV
esutjss-141	130	5	includes	include	VERB
esutjss-141	130	6	more	more	ADJ
esutjss-141	130	7	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	130	8	1,000	1,000	NUM
esutjss-141	130	9	executives	executive	NOUN
esutjss-141	130	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	130	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	130	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	130	13	survey	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	130	14	covers	cover	VERB
esutjss-141	130	15	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	130	16	minimum	minimum	NOUN
esutjss-141	130	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	130	18	32	32	NUM
esutjss-141	130	19	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	130	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	131	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	131	2	final	final	ADJ
esutjss-141	131	3	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	131	4	set	set	VERB
esutjss-141	131	5	was	be	AUX
esutjss-141	131	6	compiled	compile	VERB
esutjss-141	131	7	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	131	8	peter	peter	PROPN
esutjss-141	131	9	neuman	neuman	PROPN
esutjss-141	131	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	131	11	collaborators	collaborator	NOUN
esutjss-141	131	12	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	131	13	impulse	impulse	ADJ
esutjss-141	131	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	131	15	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	131	16	german	german	ADJ
esutjss-141	131	17	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	131	18	publication	publication	NOUN
esutjss-141	131	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	132	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	132	2	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	3	surveys	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	4	representatives	representative	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	5	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	132	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	132	7	german	german	ADJ
esutjss-141	132	8	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	9	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	132	11	typically	typically	ADV
esutjss-141	132	12	exporters	exporter	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	132	14	involved	involve	VERB
esutjss-141	132	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	132	16	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	17	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	132	18	each	each	PRON
esutjss-141	132	19	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	132	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	132	21	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	132	22	covered	cover	VERB
esutjss-141	132	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	133	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	133	2	respondents	respondent	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	3	were	be	AUX
esutjss-141	133	4	asked	ask	VERB
esutjss-141	133	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	133	6	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	133	7	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	133	8	estimate	estimate	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	133	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	133	11	kickback	kickback	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	12	per	per	ADP
esutjss-141	133	13	deal	deal	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	133	15	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	133	16	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	133	17	percentage	percentage	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	18	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	133	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	133	20	deal	deal	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	21	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	133	22	value	value	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	133	24	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	133	25	would	would	AUX
esutjss-141	133	26	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	133	27	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	133	28	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	133	29	paid	pay	VERB
esutjss-141	133	30	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	133	31	order	order	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	32	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	133	33	conduct	conduct	VERB
esutjss-141	133	34	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	35	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	133	36	each	each	DET
esutjss-141	133	37	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	133	38	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	134	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	134	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
esutjss-141	134	3	question	question	NOUN
esutjss-141	134	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	134	5	less	less	ADV
esutjss-141	134	6	subjective	subjective	ADJ
esutjss-141	134	7	than	than	ADP
esutjss-141	134	8	those	those	PRON
esutjss-141	134	9	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	134	10	comprise	comprise	VERB
esutjss-141	134	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	134	12	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-141	134	13	two	two	NUM
esutjss-141	134	14	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	134	15	sets	set	NOUN
esutjss-141	134	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	135	1	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	135	2	additional	additional	ADJ
esutjss-141	135	3	advantage	advantage	NOUN
esutjss-141	135	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	135	5	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	135	6	survey	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	135	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	135	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	135	9	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-141	135	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	135	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	135	12	subject	subject	ADJ
esutjss-141	135	13	pool	pool	NOUN
esutjss-141	135	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	136	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	136	2	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-141	136	3	was	be	AUX
esutjss-141	136	4	published	publish	VERB
esutjss-141	136	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	136	6	1994	1994	NUM
esutjss-141	136	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	136	8	covers	cover	VERB
esutjss-141	136	9	103	103	NUM
esutjss-141	136	10	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	136	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	137	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	137	2	degree	degree	NOUN
esutjss-141	137	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	137	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-141	137	5	among	among	ADP
esutjss-141	137	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	137	7	three	three	NUM
esutjss-141	137	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	137	9	indexes	index	NOUN
esutjss-141	137	10	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	137	11	quite	quite	ADV
esutjss-141	137	12	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-141	137	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	137	14	alberton	alberton	NOUN
esutjss-141	137	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	137	16	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	137	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	137	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	138	1	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	138	2	example	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	138	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	138	4	all	all	DET
esutjss-141	138	5	three	three	NUM
esutjss-141	138	6	have	have	VERB
esutjss-141	138	7	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	138	8	strong	strong	ADJ
esutjss-141	138	9	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-141	138	10	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-141	138	11	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	138	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	138	13	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	138	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	138	15	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	138	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	138	17	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	138	18	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	138	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	139	1	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	139	2	science	science	NOUN
esutjss-141	139	3	analyses	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-141	139	4	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	139	5	address	address	VERB
esutjss-141	139	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	139	7	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-141	139	8	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	139	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	139	10	within	within	ADP
esutjss-141	139	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
esutjss-141	139	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	140	1	robert	robert	PROPN
esutjss-141	140	2	klitgaard	klitgaard	PROPN
esutjss-141	140	3	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	140	4	conceptualized	conceptualize	VERB
esutjss-141	140	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	140	6	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-141	140	7	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	140	8	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	140	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	140	10	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	140	11	formula	formula	NOUN
esutjss-141	140	12	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	140	13	c	c	NOUN
esutjss-141	140	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	140	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	140	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	140	17	=	=	PUNCT
esutjss-141	140	18	m	m	PROPN
esutjss-141	140	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	140	20	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN
esutjss-141	140	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-141	141	2	d	d	X
esutjss-141	141	3	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	4	discretion	discretion	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	141	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	8	accountability	accountability	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	10	…	…	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	12	klitgaard	klitgaard	ADV
esutjss-141	141	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	14	1988	1988	NUM
esutjss-141	141	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	141	17	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	18	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	141	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	20	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	141	21	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	141	22	function	function	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	141	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	141	25	size	size	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	141	27	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	141	28	rents	rent	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	29	under	under	ADP
esutjss-141	141	30	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	141	31	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	141	32	official	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	33	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-141	141	34	control	control	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	35	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	36	m	m	PROPN
esutjss-141	141	37	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	38	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	39	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	141	40	discretion	discretion	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	41	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	141	42	official	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	43	has	have	VERB
esutjss-141	141	44	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	141	45	allocating	allocate	VERB
esutjss-141	141	46	those	those	DET
esutjss-141	141	47	rents	rent	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	48	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	49	d	d	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	50	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	51	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	52	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	141	53	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	141	54	accountability	accountability	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	55	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	141	56	official	official	ADJ
esutjss-141	141	57	faces	face	VERB
esutjss-141	141	58	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	141	59	his	his	PRON
esutjss-141	141	60	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	141	61	her	her	PRON
esutjss-141	141	62	decisions	decision	NOUN
esutjss-141	141	63	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	64	a	a	X
esutjss-141	141	65	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	141	66	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	142	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	3	leads	lead	VERB
esutjss-141	142	4	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	142	5	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	142	6	instability	instability	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	7	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	142	8	excluded	exclude	VERB
esutjss-141	142	9	groups	group	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	10	vie	vie	X
esutjss-141	142	11	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	142	12	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	142	13	power	power	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	14	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	142	15	order	order	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	16	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	142	17	attain	attain	VERB
esutjss-141	142	18	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	142	19	privilege	privilege	NOUN
esutjss-141	142	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	143	1	leaders	leader	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	2	who	who	PRON
esutjss-141	143	3	put	put	VERB
esutjss-141	143	4	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	143	5	end	end	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	6	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	143	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	8	trade	trade	VERB
esutjss-141	143	9	off	off	ADP
esutjss-141	143	10	access	access	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	11	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	143	12	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
esutjss-141	143	13	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	143	14	privilege	privilege	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	15	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	143	16	true	true	ADJ
esutjss-141	143	17	control	control	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	18	over	over	ADP
esutjss-141	143	19	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	143	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	143	23	delivery	delivery	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	143	25	basic	basic	ADJ
esutjss-141	143	26	goods	good	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	27	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	143	28	services	service	NOUN
esutjss-141	143	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	144	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	144	2	ability	ability	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	3	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	144	4	enact	enact	VERB
esutjss-141	144	5	policies	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	6	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	144	7	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-141	144	8	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	144	9	welfare	welfare	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	10	will	will	AUX
esutjss-141	144	11	attract	attract	VERB
esutjss-141	144	12	189	189	NUM
esutjss-141	144	13	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	144	14	new	new	ADJ
esutjss-141	144	15	constituency	constituency	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	144	17	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	144	18	supporters	supporter	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	144	20	impossible	impossible	ADJ
esutjss-141	144	21	within	within	ADP
esutjss-141	144	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	144	23	context	context	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	144	25	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	26	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	144	27	driven	drive	VERB
esutjss-141	144	28	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	29	bureaucracies	bureaucracy	NOUN
esutjss-141	144	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	145	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-141	145	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	145	3	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
esutjss-141	145	4	counter	counter	NOUN
esutjss-141	145	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	145	6	reform	reform	NOUN
esutjss-141	145	7	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	145	8	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-141	145	9	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	145	10	effective	effective	ADJ
esutjss-141	145	11	means	mean	NOUN
esutjss-141	145	12	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	145	13	attracting	attract	VERB
esutjss-141	145	14	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	145	15	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-141	145	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	145	17	holding	hold	VERB
esutjss-141	145	18	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	145	19	office	office	NOUN
esutjss-141	145	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	146	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	146	2	most	most	ADV
esutjss-141	146	3	devastating	devastating	ADJ
esutjss-141	146	4	consequences	consequence	NOUN
esutjss-141	146	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	146	6	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	146	7	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	146	8	usually	usually	ADV
esutjss-141	146	9	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	146	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	146	11	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	146	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	146	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	146	14	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	146	15	themselves	themselves	PRON
esutjss-141	146	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	146	17	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-141	146	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	146	19	distortions	distortion	NOUN
esutjss-141	146	20	they	they	PRON
esutjss-141	146	21	unleash	unleash	VERB
esutjss-141	146	22	within	within	ADP
esutjss-141	146	23	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	146	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	146	25	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	146	26	systems	system	NOUN
esutjss-141	146	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	147	1	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	147	2	example	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	147	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	147	4	bribes	bribe	VERB
esutjss-141	147	5	compromise	compromise	NOUN
esutjss-141	147	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
esutjss-141	147	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	147	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	147	9	allocation	allocation	NOUN
esutjss-141	147	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	147	11	state	state	NOUN
esutjss-141	147	12	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-141	147	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	148	1	examples	example	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	148	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-141	148	4	arise	arise	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	148	6	awarding	awarding	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	148	8	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	9	contracts	contract	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	10	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	148	11	privatizing	privatize	VERB
esutjss-141	148	12	state	state	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	13	industries	industry	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	148	15	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	148	16	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	17	favors	favor	VERB
esutjss-141	148	18	those	those	PRON
esutjss-141	148	19	with	with	ADP
esutjss-141	148	20	connections	connection	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	21	over	over	ADP
esutjss-141	148	22	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
esutjss-141	148	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	149	1	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	149	2	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	3	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	149	4	arise	arise	VERB
esutjss-141	149	5	if	if	SCONJ
esutjss-141	149	6	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	7	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-141	149	8	regulations	regulation	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	149	10	delays	delay	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	149	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	149	13	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ
esutjss-141	149	14	requirements	requirement	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	15	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	149	16	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	149	17	means	means	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	18	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	149	19	inducing	induce	VERB
esutjss-141	149	20	additional	additional	ADJ
esutjss-141	149	21	payoffs	payoff	NOUN
esutjss-141	149	22	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	149	23	susan	susan	PROPN
esutjss-141	149	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	149	25	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-141	149	26	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	149	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	150	1	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	150	2	previously	previously	ADV
esutjss-141	150	3	mentioned	mention	VERB
esutjss-141	150	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	150	5	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-141	150	6	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	150	8	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	9	increase	increase	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	150	11	costs	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	150	13	risks	risk	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	150	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	150	16	unpredictability	unpredictability	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	150	18	doing	do	VERB
esutjss-141	150	19	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	150	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	151	1	lower	low	ADJ
esutjss-141	151	2	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	151	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	151	4	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-141	151	5	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-141	151	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	151	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	151	8	consequently	consequently	ADV
esutjss-141	151	9	slowed	slow	VERB
esutjss-141	151	10	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	151	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	151	12	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	151	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	152	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	152	2	principle	principle	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	3	enabling	enable	VERB
esutjss-141	152	4	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	5	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	152	6	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	152	8	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-141	152	9	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	10	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	152	11	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	152	12	traced	trace	VERB
esutjss-141	152	13	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	152	14	weak	weak	ADJ
esutjss-141	152	15	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	152	16	management	management	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	17	systems	system	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	152	19	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
esutjss-141	152	20	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	21	policies	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	152	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	153	1	these	these	PRON
esutjss-141	153	2	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	153	3	problems	problem	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	4	which	which	PRON
esutjss-141	153	5	can	can	AUX
esutjss-141	153	6	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	153	7	addressed	address	VERB
esutjss-141	153	8	technically	technically	ADV
esutjss-141	153	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	153	10	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	153	11	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
esutjss-141	153	12	changes	change	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	153	14	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	15	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	16	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	153	17	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-141	153	18	both	both	DET
esutjss-141	153	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	153	20	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	153	22	incentive	incentive	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	23	for	for	SCONJ
esutjss-141	153	24	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	25	officials	official	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	26	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	153	27	seek	seek	VERB
esutjss-141	153	28	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-141	153	29	accept	accept	VERB
esutjss-141	153	30	bribes	bribe	NOUN
esutjss-141	153	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	154	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	154	2	present	present	ADJ
esutjss-141	154	3	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	4	climate	climate	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	154	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	154	7	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	8	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	154	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	154	10	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	154	11	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	154	12	very	very	ADV
esutjss-141	154	13	unattractive	unattractive	ADJ
esutjss-141	154	14	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	154	15	even	even	ADV
esutjss-141	154	16	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
esutjss-141	154	17	citizens	citizen	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	154	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	154	20	diaspora	diaspora	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	21	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	154	22	reluctant	reluctant	ADJ
esutjss-141	154	23	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	154	24	invest	invest	VERB
esutjss-141	154	25	at	at	ADP
esutjss-141	154	26	home	home	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	27	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	154	28	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	154	29	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	154	30	even	even	ADV
esutjss-141	154	31	talk	talk	VERB
esutjss-141	154	32	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	154	33	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-141	154	34	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-141	154	35	investors	investor	NOUN
esutjss-141	154	36	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	155	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-141	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	155	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	155	4	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
esutjss-141	155	5	stock	stock	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	6	exchange	exchange	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	7	has	have	AUX
esutjss-141	155	8	seriously	seriously	ADV
esutjss-141	155	9	remained	remain	VERB
esutjss-141	155	10	undercapitalized	undercapitalized	ADJ
esutjss-141	155	11	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	155	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	155	13	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	155	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	155	17	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-141	155	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	155	19	frustrating	frustrating	ADJ
esutjss-141	155	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	155	21	process	process	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	155	23	good	good	ADJ
esutjss-141	155	24	governance	governance	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	25	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	155	26	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	155	27	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	155	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	155	30	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	155	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	156	1	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	156	2	ameliorate	ameliorate	VERB
esutjss-141	156	3	these	these	DET
esutjss-141	156	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	156	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	156	7	following	follow	VERB
esutjss-141	156	8	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	9	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	156	10	stated	state	VERB
esutjss-141	156	11	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-141	156	12	follows	follow	VERB
esutjss-141	156	13	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	156	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	15	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	156	16	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	156	17	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	156	18	challenge	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	156	20	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-141	156	21	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-141	156	22	citizens	citizen	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	23	must	must	AUX
esutjss-141	156	24	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	156	25	accurately	accurately	ADV
esutjss-141	156	26	informed	inform	VERB
esutjss-141	156	27	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	156	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	156	29	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-141	156	30	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	31	through	through	ADP
esutjss-141	156	32	mass	mass	PROPN
esutjss-141	156	33	enlightenment	enlightenment	PROPN
esutjss-141	156	34	campaign	campaign	NOUN
esutjss-141	156	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	157	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-141	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	157	3	if	if	SCONJ
esutjss-141	157	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	157	5	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-141	157	6	anti	anti	ADJ
esutjss-141	157	7	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	157	8	corruption	corruption	ADJ
esutjss-141	157	9	legislations	legislation	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	157	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	157	12	contribute	contribute	VERB
esutjss-141	157	13	significantly	significantly	ADV
esutjss-141	157	14	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	157	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	157	16	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	157	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	157	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	157	21	citizens	citizen	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	22	must	must	AUX
esutjss-141	157	23	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	157	24	aware	aware	ADJ
esutjss-141	157	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	157	26	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	157	27	duties	duty	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	28	as	as	ADV
esutjss-141	157	29	well	well	ADV
esutjss-141	157	30	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	157	31	their	their	PRON
esutjss-141	157	32	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	33	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	157	34	failure	failure	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	35	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	157	36	carry	carry	VERB
esutjss-141	157	37	out	out	ADP
esutjss-141	157	38	those	those	DET
esutjss-141	157	39	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
esutjss-141	157	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	158	1	impunity	impunity	NOUN
esutjss-141	158	2	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	158	3	governance	governance	NOUN
esutjss-141	158	4	must	must	AUX
esutjss-141	158	5	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	158	6	punishment	punishment	NOUN
esutjss-141	158	7	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	158	8	act	act	VERB
esutjss-141	158	9	as	as	ADP
esutjss-141	158	10	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	158	11	lesson	lesson	NOUN
esutjss-141	158	12	to	to	ADP
esutjss-141	158	13	others	other	NOUN
esutjss-141	158	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	159	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	159	2	better	well	ADJ
esutjss-141	159	3	way	way	NOUN
esutjss-141	159	4	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	159	5	go	go	VERB
esutjss-141	159	6	would	would	AUX
esutjss-141	159	7	be	be	AUX
esutjss-141	159	8	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	159	9	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
esutjss-141	159	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	159	11	revamp	revamp	VERB
esutjss-141	159	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	159	13	anti	anti	ADJ
esutjss-141	159	14	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	159	15	competition	competition	ADJ
esutjss-141	159	16	law	law	NOUN
esutjss-141	159	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	159	18	law	law	NOUN
esutjss-141	159	19	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
esutjss-141	159	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	160	1	there	there	PRON
esutjss-141	160	2	is	be	VERB
esutjss-141	160	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	4	essence	essence	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	160	6	identify	identify	VERB
esutjss-141	160	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	8	current	current	ADJ
esutjss-141	160	9	absence	absence	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	160	11	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	160	12	will	will	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	160	14	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	160	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	16	side	side	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	160	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	19	government	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	160	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	160	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	23	present	present	ADJ
esutjss-141	160	24	maximum	maximum	ADJ
esutjss-141	160	25	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	160	27	impunity	impunity	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	28	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	160	29	tackle	tackle	VERB
esutjss-141	160	30	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	31	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	160	32	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	33	near	near	ADJ
esutjss-141	160	34	fall	fall	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	35	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	160	36	order	order	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	37	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	160	38	law	law	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	39	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	160	40	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	41	nation	nation	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	42	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	160	43	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-141	160	44	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	160	45	tackle	tackle	VERB
esutjss-141	160	46	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	160	47	menace	menace	NOUN
esutjss-141	160	48	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	161	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	161	2	former	former	ADJ
esutjss-141	161	3	stance	stance	NOUN
esutjss-141	161	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	161	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	161	6	presidency	presidency	NOUN
esutjss-141	161	7	that	that	PRON
esutjss-141	161	8	once	once	ADV
esutjss-141	161	9	said	say	VERB
esutjss-141	161	10	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-141	161	11	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	161	12	stealing	steal	VERB
esutjss-141	161	13	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	161	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-141	161	15	not	not	PART
esutjss-141	161	16	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	161	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	161	18	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	161	19	will	will	AUX
esutjss-141	161	20	solely	solely	ADV
esutjss-141	161	21	continue	continue	VERB
esutjss-141	161	22	to	to	PART
esutjss-141	161	23	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-141	161	24	an	an	DET
esutjss-141	161	25	already	already	ADV
esutjss-141	161	26	sore	sore	ADJ
esutjss-141	161	27	spot	spot	NOUN
esutjss-141	161	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	161	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	161	30	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	161	31	life	life	NOUN
esutjss-141	161	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	162	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	162	2	change	change	NOUN
esutjss-141	162	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	162	4	orientation	orientation	NOUN
esutjss-141	162	5	must	must	AUX
esutjss-141	162	6	begin	begin	VERB
esutjss-141	162	7	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	162	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	162	9	top	top	NOUN
esutjss-141	162	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	163	1	190	190	NUM
esutjss-141	163	2	references	reference	NOUN
esutjss-141	163	3	alberton	alberton	PROPN
esutjss-141	163	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	163	5	a.	a.	PROPN
esutjss-141	163	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-141	163	7	rafael	rafael	PROPN
esutjss-141	163	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	163	9	di	di	PROPN
esutjss-141	163	10	tella	tella	PROPN
esutjss-141	163	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	163	12	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	163	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	163	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	164	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	164	2	new	new	ADJ
esutjss-141	164	3	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-141	164	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	164	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	164	6	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	164	7	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	164	8	survey	survey	NOUN
esutjss-141	164	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	164	10	some	some	DET
esutjss-141	164	11	new	new	ADJ
esutjss-141	164	12	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-141	164	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	165	1	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	165	2	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	165	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	165	4	vol	vol	NOUN
esutjss-141	165	5	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	166	1	xlv	xlv	PROPN
esutjss-141	166	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	166	3	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	166	4	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	167	1	pp	pp	X
esutjss-141	167	2	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	168	1	496	496	NUM
esutjss-141	168	2	-	-	SYM
esutjss-141	168	3	515	515	NUM
esutjss-141	168	4	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	169	1	bardhan	bardhan	PROPN
esutjss-141	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	169	3	p.	p.	NOUN
esutjss-141	169	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	169	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	169	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	169	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	170	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	170	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	170	3	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	170	4	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	170	5	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	170	6	review	review	NOUN
esutjss-141	170	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	170	8	issues	issue	NOUN
esutjss-141	170	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	171	1	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-141	171	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	171	3	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	171	4	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-141	171	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	171	6	35	35	NUM
esutjss-141	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	171	8	1320	1320	NUM
esutjss-141	171	9	-	-	SYM
esutjss-141	171	10	1346	1346	NUM
esutjss-141	171	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	172	1	daniel	daniel	PROPN
esutjss-141	172	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	172	3	k.	k.	PROPN
esutjss-141	172	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	172	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	172	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	172	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	173	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	173	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	173	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	173	4	facts	fact	NOUN
esutjss-141	173	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	173	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-141	173	7	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	173	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	1	farooq	farooq	PROPN
esutjss-141	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	3	a.	a.	PROPN
esutjss-141	174	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	5	shahbaz	shahbaz	PROPN
esutjss-141	174	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	7	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-141	174	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	9	arouri	arouri	PROPN
esutjss-141	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	11	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-141	174	12	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-141	174	13	teulon	teulon	PROPN
esutjss-141	174	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	15	f.	f.	PROPN
esutjss-141	174	16	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	17	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-141	174	18	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	174	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	175	1	does	do	AUX
esutjss-141	175	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	175	3	impede	impede	VERB
esutjss-141	175	4	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	175	5	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	175	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	175	7	pakistan	pakistan	PROPN
esutjss-141	175	8	?	?	PUNCT
esutjss-141	176	1	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-141	176	2	modelling	modelling	NOUN
esutjss-141	176	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	176	4	35	35	NUM
esutjss-141	176	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	176	6	622	622	NUM
esutjss-141	176	7	-	-	SYM
esutjss-141	176	8	633	633	NUM
esutjss-141	176	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	1	gupta	gupta	PROPN
esutjss-141	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	3	s.	s.	PROPN
esutjss-141	177	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	5	davoodi	davoodi	PROPN
esutjss-141	177	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	7	h.	h.	PROPN
esutjss-141	177	8	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-141	177	9	alonso	alonso	PROPN
esutjss-141	177	10	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	11	terme	terme	NOUN
esutjss-141	177	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	13	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-141	177	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	15	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-141	177	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	177	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	178	1	does	do	AUX
esutjss-141	178	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	178	3	affect	affect	VERB
esutjss-141	178	4	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-141	178	5	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-141	178	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	178	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-141	178	8	?	?	PUNCT
esutjss-141	179	1	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-141	179	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	179	3	governance	governance	NOUN
esutjss-141	179	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	179	5	3	3	NUM
esutjss-141	179	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	179	7	23	23	NUM
esutjss-141	179	8	-	-	SYM
esutjss-141	179	9	45	45	NUM
esutjss-141	179	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	180	1	mark	mark	PROPN
esutjss-141	180	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	180	3	p.	p.	NOUN
esutjss-141	180	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	180	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	180	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	180	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	181	1	defining	define	VERB
esutjss-141	181	2	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	181	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	181	4	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	182	1	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	182	2	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	182	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	182	4	vol	vol	NOUN
esutjss-141	182	5	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	182	6	45	45	NUM
esutjss-141	182	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	182	8	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-141	182	9	3	3	NUM
esutjss-141	182	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	182	11	special	special	ADJ
esutjss-141	182	12	issue	issue	NOUN
esutjss-141	182	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	183	1	mauro	mauro	PROPN
esutjss-141	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	183	3	p.	p.	NOUN
esutjss-141	183	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	183	5	1995	1995	NUM
esutjss-141	183	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	183	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	184	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	184	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	184	3	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-141	184	4	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	185	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	185	2	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
esutjss-141	185	3	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-141	185	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	185	5	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-141	185	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	185	7	8	8	NUM
esutjss-141	185	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	185	9	1100	1100	NUM
esutjss-141	185	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	186	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2946696	http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2946696	PROPN
esutjss-141	186	2	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	187	1	nye	nye	PROPN
esutjss-141	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	187	3	j.s	j.s	PROPN
esutjss-141	187	4	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	187	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	187	6	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-141	187	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	187	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	188	1	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	188	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	188	3	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	188	4	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	188	5	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-141	188	6	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	188	7	benefit	benefit	NOUN
esutjss-141	188	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-141	188	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	189	2	a.j	a.j	PROPN
esutjss-141	189	3	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	189	4	heidenheimer	heidenheimer	PROPN
esutjss-141	189	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	6	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-141	189	7	johnston	johnston	PROPN
esutjss-141	189	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	189	9	v.	v.	ADP
esutjss-141	189	10	le	le	X
esutjss-141	189	11	vine	vine	PROPN
esutjss-141	189	12	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	13	eds	ed	NOUN
esutjss-141	189	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	17	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	189	18	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	189	19	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	189	20	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	189	21	handbook	handbook	NOUN
esutjss-141	189	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	190	1	new	new	PROPN
esutjss-141	190	2	brunswick	brunswick	PROPN
esutjss-141	190	3	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	190	4	transaction	transaction	NOUN
esutjss-141	190	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	190	6	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-141	190	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	190	8	p.	p.	NOUN
esutjss-141	190	9	966	966	NUM
esutjss-141	190	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	191	1	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	191	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	191	3	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-141	191	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	191	5	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	192	1	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
esutjss-141	192	2	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	192	3	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-141	192	4	east	east	PROPN
esutjss-141	192	5	europe	europe	PROPN
esutjss-141	192	6	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	192	7	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	192	8	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-141	192	9	outlook	outlook	NOUN
esutjss-141	192	10	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-141	192	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	192	12	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
esutjss-141	192	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	192	14	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-141	192	15	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-141	192	16	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-141	192	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	193	1	paris	paris	PROPN
esutjss-141	193	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	194	1	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	194	2	publishing	publishing	NOUN
esutjss-141	194	3	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	195	1	10.1787/9789264298576	10.1787/9789264298576	NUM
esutjss-141	195	2	-	-	SYM
esutjss-141	195	3	en	en	X
esutjss-141	195	4	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	196	1	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	196	2	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	197	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	197	2	2015	2015	NUM
esutjss-141	197	3	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	197	4	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	198	1	third	third	ADJ
esutjss-141	198	2	annual	annual	ADJ
esutjss-141	198	3	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-141	198	4	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	198	5	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	6	conference	conference	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	7	on	on	ADP
esutjss-141	198	8	anti	anti	ADJ
esutjss-141	198	9	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	11	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	198	12	g20	g20	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	13	governments	government	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	198	15	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-141	198	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	199	1	remarks	remark	NOUN
esutjss-141	199	2	by	by	ADP
esutjss-141	199	3	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	199	4	secretary	secretary	PROPN
esutjss-141	199	5	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	199	6	general	general	ADJ
esutjss-141	199	7	angel	angel	NOUN
esutjss-141	199	8	gurría	gurría	VERB
esutjss-141	199	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	200	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
esutjss-141	200	2	from	from	ADP
esutjss-141	200	3	http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/g20-oecd-conference-anti-corruptiongurria.htm	http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/g20-oecd-conference-anti-corruptiongurria.htm	PROPN
esutjss-141	200	4	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	201	1	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	201	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	201	3	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-141	201	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	201	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	201	6	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	201	7	what	what	PRON
esutjss-141	201	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-141	201	9	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	201	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	201	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	201	12	?	?	PUNCT
esutjss-141	201	13	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-141	202	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	202	2	bribery	bribery	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	202	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	5	awareness	awareness	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	6	handbook	handbook	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	7	for	for	ADP
esutjss-141	202	8	tax	tax	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	9	examiners	examiner	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	202	11	tax	tax	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	12	auditors	auditor	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	202	14	oecd	oecd	PROPN
esutjss-141	202	15	publishing	publishing	NOUN
esutjss-141	202	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	202	17	paris	paris	PROPN
esutjss-141	202	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	203	1	ogundiya	ogundiya	PROPN
esutjss-141	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	203	3	s.i	s.i	PROPN
esutjss-141	203	4	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	203	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	203	6	2009	2009	NUM
esutjss-141	203	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	203	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	204	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	204	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	204	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	204	4	bane	bane	NOUN
esutjss-141	204	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	204	6	democratic	democratic	ADJ
esutjss-141	204	7	stability	stability	NOUN
esutjss-141	204	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	204	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	204	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	1	research	research	NOUN
esutjss-141	205	2	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-141	205	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	205	4	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-141	205	5	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-141	205	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	7	vol.2	vol.2	PROPN
esutjss-141	205	8	omeh	omeh	NOUN
esutjss-141	205	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	10	a.	a.	NOUN
esutjss-141	205	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	12	casmir	casmir	PROPN
esutjss-141	205	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	14	c.	c.	PROPN
esutjss-141	205	15	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-141	205	16	ike	ike	PROPN
esutjss-141	205	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	18	e.	e.	PROPN
esutjss-141	205	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	20	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-141	205	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	205	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	206	1	electoral	electoral	PROPN
esutjss-141	206	2	fraud	fraud	NOUN
esutjss-141	206	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-141	206	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-141	206	5	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	206	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	206	7	philosophical	philosophical	ADJ
esutjss-141	206	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-141	206	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	206	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	206	11	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
esutjss-141	206	12	framework	framework	NOUN
esutjss-141	206	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	206	14	electoral	electoral	ADJ
esutjss-141	206	15	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-141	206	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	207	1	open	open	ADJ
esutjss-141	207	2	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-141	207	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	207	4	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	207	5	science	science	NOUN
esutjss-141	207	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	207	7	vol.3	vol.3	PROPN
esutjss-141	207	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	208	1	robert	robert	PROPN
esutjss-141	208	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	208	3	k.	k.	PROPN
esutjss-141	208	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	208	5	1988	1988	NUM
esutjss-141	208	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	208	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	209	1	controlling	control	VERB
esutjss-141	209	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	209	3	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	210	1	berkeley	berkeley	PROPN
esutjss-141	210	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	210	3	university	university	PROPN
esutjss-141	210	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	210	5	california	california	PROPN
esutjss-141	210	6	press	press	PROPN
esutjss-141	210	7	..	..	PUNCT
esutjss-141	211	1	susan	susan	PROPN
esutjss-141	211	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	211	3	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-141	211	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	211	5	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-141	211	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	211	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	212	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	212	2	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-141	212	3	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	212	5	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	6	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-141	212	7	causes	cause	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-141	212	9	consequences	consequence	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	212	11	view	view	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	12	point	point	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	212	14	note	note	VERB
esutjss-141	212	15	no	no	INTJ
esutjss-141	212	16	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-141	212	17	74	74	NUM
esutjss-141	212	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	212	19	world	world	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	20	bank	bank	NOUN
esutjss-141	212	21	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	212	22	april	april	PROPN
esutjss-141	212	23	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-141	212	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	213	1	treisman	treisman	PROPN
esutjss-141	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	213	3	d.	d.	PROPN
esutjss-141	213	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	213	5	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-141	213	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	213	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	214	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-141	214	2	causes	cause	NOUN
esutjss-141	214	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	214	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	214	5	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-141	214	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-141	214	7	cross	cross	ADJ
esutjss-141	214	8	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-141	214	9	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-141	214	10	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-141	214	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	215	1	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-141	215	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-141	215	3	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-141	215	4	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-141	215	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	215	6	76	76	NUM
esutjss-141	215	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-141	215	8	399	399	NUM
esutjss-141	215	9	-	-	SYM
esutjss-141	215	10	457	457	NUM
esutjss-141	215	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	216	1	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-141	216	2	bank	bank	PROPN
esutjss-141	216	3	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-141	216	4	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-141	216	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-141	216	6	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	217	1	helping	help	VERB
esutjss-141	217	2	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-141	217	3	combat	combat	NOUN
esutjss-141	217	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
esutjss-141	217	5	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-141	218	1	http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/g20-oecd-conference-anti-corruption-gurria.htm	http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/g20-oecd-conference-anti-corruption-gurria.htm	X
esutjss-141	218	2	http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/g20-oecd-conference-anti-corruption-gurria.htm	http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/g20-oecd-conference-anti-corruption-gurria.htm	PROPN
esutjss-141	218	3	page	page	NOUN
esutjss-141	218	4	6	6	NUM