id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
esutjss-38	1	1	esut	esut	PROPN
esutjss-38	1	2	jss	jss	PROPN
esutjss-38	1	3	co	co	PROPN
esutjss-38	1	4	ias	ias	PROPN
esutjss-38	1	5	l	l	PROPN
esutjss-38	1	6	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	2	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	3	l	l	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	4	iea	iea	NOUN
esutjss-38	2	5	njnrs	njnrs	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	6	ocue	ocue	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	7	co	co	X
esutjss-38	2	8	ias	ias	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	9	l	l	PROPN
esutjss-38	2	10	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	3	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	3	l	l	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	4	iea	iea	NOUN
esutjss-38	3	5	njnrs	njnrs	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	6	ocue	ocue	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	7	co	co	X
esutjss-38	3	8	ias	ias	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	9	l	l	PROPN
esutjss-38	3	10	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	4	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	3	l	l	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	4	iea	iea	NOUN
esutjss-38	4	5	njnrs	njnrs	NOUN
esutjss-38	4	6	ocue	ocue	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	7	se	se	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	8	ss	ss	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	9	jut	jut	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	10	volume	volume	NOUN
esutjss-38	4	11	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	4	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	4	13	issue	issue	NOUN
esutjss-38	4	14	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	4	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	4	16	2020	2020	NUM
esutjss-38	4	17	enugu	enugu	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	18	state	state	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	19	university	university	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	4	21	science	science	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	22	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	4	23	technology	technology	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	24	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-38	4	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	4	26	social	social	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	27	sciences	sciences	PROPN
esutjss-38	4	28	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	4	29	humanities	humanity	NOUN
esutjss-38	5	1	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	2	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	5	3	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	4	iy	iy	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	5	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	6	nis	nis	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	7	cer	cer	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	8	e	e	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	9	av	av	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	10	ni	ni	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	11	dn	dn	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	12	u	u	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	13	t	t	X
esutjss-38	5	14	ee	ee	INTJ
esutjss-38	5	15	ct	ct	PROPN
esutjss-38	5	16	hat	hat	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	1	n	n	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	2	s	s	NOUN
esutjss-38	6	3	o	o	X
esutjss-38	6	4	u	u	X
esutjss-38	6	5	l	l	NOUN
esutjss-38	6	6	og	og	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	7	gu	gu	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	8	yne	yne	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	9	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	6	11	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	6	12	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	6	13	published	publish	VERB
esutjss-38	6	14	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	6	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	6	16	faculty	faculty	NOUN
esutjss-38	6	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	6	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	6	19	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	6	20	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	6	21	published	publish	VERB
esutjss-38	6	22	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	6	23	faculty	faculty	NOUN
esutjss-38	6	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	6	25	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	6	26	sciences	sciences	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	27	enugu	enugu	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	28	state	state	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	29	university	university	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	30	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	6	31	science	science	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	32	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	6	33	technology	technology	PROPN
esutjss-38	6	34	www.esutjss.com	www.esutjss.com	X
esutjss-38	7	1	editor	editor	NOUN
esutjss-38	7	2	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	7	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	7	4	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	7	5	chief	chief	NOUN
esutjss-38	7	6	prof	prof	NOUN
esutjss-38	7	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	8	1	oby	oby	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	2	omeje	omeje	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	3	managing	managing	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	4	editor	editor	NOUN
esutjss-38	8	5	barnabas	barnabas	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	6	e.	e.	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	7	nwankwo	nwankwo	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	8	9	ph.d	ph.d	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	10	associate	associate	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	11	editor	editor	NOUN
esutjss-38	8	12	nicholas	nicholas	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	13	attamah	attamah	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	8	15	ph.d	ph.d	PROPN
esutjss-38	8	16	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	9	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	3	iy	iy	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	4	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	5	nis	nis	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	6	cer	cer	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	7	e	e	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	8	av	av	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	9	ni	ni	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	10	dn	dn	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	11	u	u	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	12	t	t	X
esutjss-38	9	13	ee	ee	INTJ
esutjss-38	9	14	ct	ct	PROPN
esutjss-38	9	15	hat	hat	PROPN
esutjss-38	10	1	n	n	PROPN
esutjss-38	10	2	s	s	NOUN
esutjss-38	10	3	o	o	X
esutjss-38	10	4	u	u	X
esutjss-38	10	5	l	l	NOUN
esutjss-38	10	6	og	og	INTJ
esutjss-38	10	7	gu	gu	NOUN
esutjss-38	10	8	yne	yne	PROPN
esutjss-38	11	1	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	12	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	3	iy	iy	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	4	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	5	nis	nis	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	6	cer	cer	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	7	e	e	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	8	av	av	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	9	ni	ni	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	10	dn	dn	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	11	u	u	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	12	t	t	X
esutjss-38	12	13	ee	ee	INTJ
esutjss-38	12	14	ct	ct	PROPN
esutjss-38	12	15	hat	hat	PROPN
esutjss-38	13	1	n	n	PROPN
esutjss-38	13	2	s	s	NOUN
esutjss-38	13	3	o	o	X
esutjss-38	13	4	u	u	X
esutjss-38	13	5	l	l	NOUN
esutjss-38	13	6	og	og	INTJ
esutjss-38	13	7	gu	gu	NOUN
esutjss-38	13	8	yne	yne	PROPN
esutjss-38	14	1	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	15	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	3	iy	iy	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	4	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	5	nis	nis	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	6	cer	cer	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	7	e	e	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	8	av	av	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	9	ni	ni	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	10	dn	dn	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	11	u	u	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	12	t	t	X
esutjss-38	15	13	ee	ee	INTJ
esutjss-38	15	14	ct	ct	PROPN
esutjss-38	15	15	hat	hat	PROPN
esutjss-38	16	1	n	n	PROPN
esutjss-38	16	2	s	s	NOUN
esutjss-38	16	3	o	o	X
esutjss-38	16	4	u	u	X
esutjss-38	16	5	l	l	NOUN
esutjss-38	16	6	og	og	PROPN
esutjss-38	16	7	gu	gu	PROPN
esutjss-38	16	8	yne	yne	PROPN
esutjss-38	16	9	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	16	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	16	11	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	16	12	sciencesjournal	sciencesjournal	NOUN
esutjss-38	16	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	16	14	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	16	15	sciencesjournal	sciencesjournal	NOUN
esutjss-38	16	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	16	17	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	16	18	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	16	19	published	publish	VERB
esutjss-38	16	20	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	16	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	16	22	faculty	faculty	NOUN
esutjss-38	16	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	16	24	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	16	25	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	17	1	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	2	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	17	3	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	4	iy	iy	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	5	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	6	nis	nis	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	7	cer	cer	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	8	e	e	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	9	av	av	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	10	ni	ni	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	11	dn	dn	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	12	u	u	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	13	t	t	X
esutjss-38	17	14	ee	ee	INTJ
esutjss-38	17	15	ct	ct	PROPN
esutjss-38	17	16	hat	hat	PROPN
esutjss-38	18	1	n	n	PROPN
esutjss-38	18	2	s	s	NOUN
esutjss-38	18	3	o	o	X
esutjss-38	18	4	u	u	X
esutjss-38	18	5	l	l	NOUN
esutjss-38	18	6	og	og	INTJ
esutjss-38	18	7	gu	gu	NOUN
esutjss-38	18	8	yne	yne	PROPN
esutjss-38	19	1	f	f	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	1	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	20	2	c	c	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	3	iy	iy	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	4	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	5	nis	nis	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	6	cer	cer	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	7	e	e	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	8	av	av	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	9	ni	ni	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	10	dn	dn	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	11	u	u	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	12	t	t	X
esutjss-38	20	13	ee	ee	INTJ
esutjss-38	20	14	ct	ct	PROPN
esutjss-38	20	15	hat	hat	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	1	n	n	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	2	s	s	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	3	o	o	X
esutjss-38	21	4	u	u	X
esutjss-38	21	5	l	l	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	6	og	og	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	7	gu	gu	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	8	yne	yne	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	9	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	21	11	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	21	12	sciencesjournal	sciencesjournal	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	21	14	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	21	15	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	16	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	21	17	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	18	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	21	19	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	21	20	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	21	22	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	23	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	21	24	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	25	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	26	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	21	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	28	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	29	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	30	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	31	department	department	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	32	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	21	33	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	21	35	school	school	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	36	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	21	37	arts	art	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	38	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	21	39	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	21	40	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	41	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	21	42	michael	michael	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	43	otedola	otedola	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	44	college	college	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	45	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	21	46	primary	primary	ADJ
esutjss-38	21	47	education	education	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	48	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	21	49	noforija	noforija	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	50	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	21	51	epe	epe	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	52	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	21	53	lagos	lago	NOUN
esutjss-38	21	54	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	21	55	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	21	56	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	22	1	email	email	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	22	3	adenugaadekoya@gmail.com	adenugaadekoya@gmail.com	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	22	5	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	22	6	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	7	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	8	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	9	department	department	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	22	11	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	22	13	school	school	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	22	15	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	22	17	finance	finance	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	22	19	banking	banking	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	22	21	universiti	universiti	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	22	utara	utara	VERB
esutjss-38	22	23	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	24	sintok	sintok	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	25	06010	06010	NUM
esutjss-38	22	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	22	27	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	28	abstract	abstract	ADJ
esutjss-38	22	29	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	22	30	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	31	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	22	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	22	33	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	22	34	its	its	PRON
esutjss-38	22	35	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	22	36	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	22	37	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	22	38	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	22	39	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	22	40	endemic	endemic	ADJ
esutjss-38	22	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	23	1	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	23	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	23	3	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	23	4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	23	5	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	23	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	23	7	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	23	8	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	23	9	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	23	10	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	23	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	23	12	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	23	13	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	23	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	23	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	23	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	24	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	24	2	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	24	3	examine	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	24	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	24	5	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	24	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	24	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	24	8	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	24	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	24	10	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	24	11	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	24	12	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	24	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	24	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	24	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	25	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	25	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	25	4	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	25	5	tested	test	VERB
esutjss-38	25	6	annual	annual	ADJ
esutjss-38	25	7	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	25	8	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-38	25	9	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	25	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	25	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	25	12	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	25	13	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	25	14	1970	1970	NUM
esutjss-38	25	15	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	25	16	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	25	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	26	1	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	26	2	noting	note	VERB
esutjss-38	26	3	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	26	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	26	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	26	6	nature	nature	NOUN
esutjss-38	26	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	26	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	26	9	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	26	10	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	26	11	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	26	12	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-38	26	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	27	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	27	2	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
esutjss-38	27	3	distributed	distribute	VERB
esutjss-38	27	4	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	27	5	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	27	6	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
esutjss-38	27	7	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	27	8	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	27	9	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	27	10	estimate	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	27	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	27	12	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	27	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	28	1	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	28	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	28	3	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	28	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	28	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	28	6	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	28	7	cointegrated	cointegrate	VERB
esutjss-38	28	8	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	28	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	28	10	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	28	11	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	28	12	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	28	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	28	14	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	28	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	29	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	29	2	addition	addition	NOUN
esutjss-38	29	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	29	4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	29	5	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	29	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	29	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	29	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	29	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	29	10	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	29	11	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	29	12	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	29	13	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	29	14	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	29	15	cause	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	29	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	29	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	30	1	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	2	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	30	4	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	5	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	6	have	have	VERB
esutjss-38	30	7	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	30	8	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	9	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	30	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	30	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	31	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	31	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	31	4	paper	paper	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	5	suggested	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	31	6	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	31	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	31	8	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	9	makers	maker	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	10	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	31	11	embark	embark	VERB
esutjss-38	31	12	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	31	13	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	14	generation	generation	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	31	16	good	good	ADJ
esutjss-38	31	17	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	18	care	care	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	19	programmes	programme	NOUN
esutjss-38	31	20	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	31	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	31	22	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	31	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	32	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	32	3	adequate	adequate	ADJ
esutjss-38	32	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	32	5	up	up	ADP
esutjss-38	32	6	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	32	7	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	32	8	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	32	9	date	date	NOUN
esutjss-38	32	10	skills	skill	NOUN
esutjss-38	32	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	32	12	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN
esutjss-38	32	13	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	32	14	given	give	VERB
esutjss-38	32	15	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	32	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	32	17	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	32	18	personnel	personnel	NOUN
esutjss-38	32	19	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	32	20	control	control	VERB
esutjss-38	32	21	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	32	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	3	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	33	4	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	8	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	9	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	11	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	12	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	14	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	16	introduction	introduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	17	shaw	shaw	PROPN
esutjss-38	33	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	33	19	mckay	mckay	PROPN
esutjss-38	33	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	21	1942	1942	NUM
esutjss-38	33	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	23	contended	contend	VERB
esutjss-38	33	24	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	33	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	33	26	society	society	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	27	disorganized	disorganize	VERB
esutjss-38	33	28	especially	especially	ADV
esutjss-38	33	29	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	33	30	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	33	31	was	be	VERB
esutjss-38	33	32	breakdown	breakdown	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	33	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	33	34	bonds	bond	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	35	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	36	norms	norm	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	37	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	33	38	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	33	39	order	order	NOUN
esutjss-38	33	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	34	1	that	that	DET
esutjss-38	34	2	disorderliness	disorderliness	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	3	took	take	VERB
esutjss-38	34	4	place	place	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	5	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	34	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	34	7	new	new	ADJ
esutjss-38	34	8	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	34	9	migrants	migrant	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	34	11	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	34	12	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	13	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	34	14	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	34	15	majority	majority	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	34	17	any	any	DET
esutjss-38	34	18	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	34	19	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	20	confronted	confront	VERB
esutjss-38	34	21	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	34	22	residential	residential	ADJ
esutjss-38	34	23	immobility	immobility	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	34	25	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	34	26	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	34	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	35	1	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	35	2	they	they	PRON
esutjss-38	35	3	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	35	4	challenged	challenge	VERB
esutjss-38	35	5	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	35	6	severe	severe	ADJ
esutjss-38	35	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	35	8	over	over	ADP
esutjss-38	35	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	35	10	minority	minority	NOUN
esutjss-38	35	11	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	35	12	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	35	13	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	35	14	well	well	ADJ
esutjss-38	35	15	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	35	16	do	do	VERB
esutjss-38	35	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	36	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	36	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	36	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	36	4	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	36	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	36	6	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	36	7	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
esutjss-38	36	8	made	make	VERB
esutjss-38	36	9	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	36	10	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	36	11	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	36	12	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	36	13	surface	surface	VERB
esutjss-38	36	14	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	36	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	36	16	pretext	pretext	NOUN
esutjss-38	36	17	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	36	18	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
esutjss-38	36	19	their	their	PRON
esutjss-38	36	20	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	36	21	needs	need	NOUN
esutjss-38	36	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	37	1	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	37	2	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	37	4	they	they	PRON
esutjss-38	37	5	jettison	jettison	VERB
esutjss-38	37	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	37	7	norms	norm	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	37	9	orders	order	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	37	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	37	12	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	37	13	area	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	14	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	37	15	societya	societya	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	16	situation	situation	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	17	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	37	18	often	often	ADV
esutjss-38	37	19	leads	lead	VERB
esutjss-38	37	20	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	37	21	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	22	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	37	23	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	37	24	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	37	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	38	2	testing	test	VERB
esutjss-38	38	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	38	4	assertion	assertion	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	6	many	many	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	7	researchers	researcher	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	8	have	have	AUX
esutjss-38	38	9	examined	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	38	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	38	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	12	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	38	13	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	14	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	17	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	18	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	38	19	some	some	DET
esutjss-38	38	20	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	21	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	38	22	positive	positive	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	23	linear	linear	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	24	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	25	supports	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	27	ebbe	ebbe	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	29	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	38	30	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	31	osgood	osgood	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	32	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	33	chambers	chambers	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	35	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-38	38	36	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	37	altheimer	altheimer	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	38	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	39	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	38	40	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	41	sandoval	sandoval	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	42	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	43	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	38	44	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	45	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	46	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	47	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	48	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	49	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	50	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	51	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	38	52	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	53	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	38	54	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	55	linear	linear	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	56	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	57	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	58	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	38	59	de	de	X
esutjss-38	38	60	mailto:adenugaadekoya@gmail.com	mailto:adenugaadekoya@gmail.com	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	61	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	62	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	63	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	64	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	65	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	66	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	67	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	68	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	69	soysa	soysa	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	70	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	71	noel	noel	PROPN
esutjss-38	38	72	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	73	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	38	74	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	75	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	38	76	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	38	77	inverted	inverted	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	78	u	u	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	79	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	80	shape	shape	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	81	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	38	82	testing	test	VERB
esutjss-38	38	83	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	38	84	linear	linear	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	85	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	38	86	non	non	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	87	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	88	linear	linear	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	89	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	90	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	38	91	their	their	PRON
esutjss-38	38	92	mixed	mixed	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	93	findings	finding	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	94	pave	pave	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	95	room	room	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	96	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	38	97	further	further	ADJ
esutjss-38	38	98	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	38	99	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	38	100	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	38	101	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	38	102	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	39	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	39	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	39	4	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	39	5	aim	aim	VERB
esutjss-38	39	6	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	39	7	examine	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	39	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	39	9	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	39	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	39	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	39	12	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	39	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	39	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	39	15	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	39	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	39	17	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	39	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	39	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	39	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	40	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	40	2	filling	fill	VERB
esutjss-38	40	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	40	4	existing	exist	VERB
esutjss-38	40	5	gap	gap	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	40	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	40	8	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	40	10	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	40	11	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	12	analysed	analyse	VERB
esutjss-38	40	13	how	how	SCONJ
esutjss-38	40	14	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	40	15	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	40	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	18	determines	determine	VERB
esutjss-38	40	19	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	20	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	21	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	40	22	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	40	23	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	24	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	25	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	40	26	1970	1970	NUM
esutjss-38	40	27	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	40	28	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	40	29	especially	especially	ADV
esutjss-38	40	30	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	40	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	40	32	aim	aim	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	33	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	40	34	answer	answer	VERB
esutjss-38	40	35	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	40	36	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
esutjss-38	40	37	research	research	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	38	question	question	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	39	how	how	SCONJ
esutjss-38	40	40	does	do	AUX
esutjss-38	40	41	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	40	42	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	43	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	40	44	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	45	affect	affect	VERB
esutjss-38	40	46	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	47	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	40	48	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	40	49	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	40	50	?	?	PUNCT
esutjss-38	41	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	41	2	answering	answering	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	3	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	41	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	41	5	question	question	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	6	demanded	demand	VERB
esutjss-38	41	7	attention	attention	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	8	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	41	9	brennan	brennan	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	10	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	41	11	galvin	galvin	PROPN
esutjss-38	41	12	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	41	13	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-38	41	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	41	15	discovered	discover	VERB
esutjss-38	41	16	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	41	17	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	18	usually	usually	ADV
esutjss-38	41	19	erupted	erupt	VERB
esutjss-38	41	20	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	41	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	41	22	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	41	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	41	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	41	25	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	41	26	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	27	residing	reside	VERB
esutjss-38	41	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	41	29	cities	city	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	30	like	like	ADP
esutjss-38	41	31	kano	kano	PROPN
esutjss-38	41	32	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	41	33	lagos	lago	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	34	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	41	35	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	41	36	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-38	41	37	cities	city	NOUN
esutjss-38	41	38	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	41	39	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	41	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	42	1	ever	ever	ADV
esutjss-38	42	2	since	since	ADV
esutjss-38	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	42	4	researchers	researcher	NOUN
esutjss-38	42	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	42	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	42	7	has	have	AUX
esutjss-38	42	8	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	42	9	considered	consider	VERB
esutjss-38	42	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	42	11	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	42	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	42	13	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	42	14	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	42	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	42	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	42	17	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	42	18	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	42	19	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	42	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	43	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
esutjss-38	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	43	3	ebbe	ebbe	NOUN
esutjss-38	43	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	43	5	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	43	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	43	7	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-38	43	8	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	43	9	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	43	10	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	43	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	43	12	delinquency	delinquency	NOUN
esutjss-38	43	13	rates	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	43	14	was	be	AUX
esutjss-38	43	15	due	due	ADJ
esutjss-38	43	16	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	43	17	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	43	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	44	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	44	2	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	3	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	44	4	made	make	VERB
esutjss-38	44	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	44	6	segregation	segregation	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	44	8	residence	residence	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	44	10	terms	term	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	44	12	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	44	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	44	14	medium	medium	ADJ
esutjss-38	44	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	44	16	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	44	17	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	44	18	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	19	residents	resident	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	20	’	’	PART
esutjss-38	44	21	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	22	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	44	23	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	44	24	limited	limit	VERB
esutjss-38	44	25	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	44	26	lagos	lagos	NOUN
esutjss-38	44	27	metropolis	metropolis	PROPN
esutjss-38	44	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	45	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
esutjss-38	45	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	45	3	badiora	badiora	PROPN
esutjss-38	45	4	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	45	5	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-38	45	6	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-38	46	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	46	2	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	46	3	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	46	4	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	46	5	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	46	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	46	7	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	46	8	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	46	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	46	10	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN
esutjss-38	46	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	46	12	ile	ile	PROPN
esutjss-38	46	13	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	46	14	ife	ife	PROPN
esutjss-38	46	15	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	46	16	have	have	VERB
esutjss-38	46	17	mix	mix	NOUN
esutjss-38	46	18	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	46	19	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	46	20	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	46	21	groups	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	46	22	involved	involve	VERB
esutjss-38	46	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	46	24	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	46	25	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	46	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	46	27	badiora	badiora	X
esutjss-38	46	28	et	et	PROPN
esutjss-38	46	29	al	al	PROPN
esutjss-38	46	30	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-38	46	31	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	46	32	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	46	33	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	46	34	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	2	contributions	contribution	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	47	4	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	47	5	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	6	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	47	7	numerous	numerous	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	8	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	9	firstly	firstly	ADV
esutjss-38	47	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	11	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	47	12	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	47	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	14	roles	role	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	15	play	play	VERB
esutjss-38	47	16	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	47	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	18	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	47	20	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	47	23	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	24	secondly	secondly	ADV
esutjss-38	47	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	26	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	47	27	pointed	point	VERB
esutjss-38	47	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	29	devastating	devastating	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	30	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	31	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	47	32	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	33	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	34	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	35	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	36	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	47	37	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	47	38	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	39	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	40	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	47	41	operation	operation	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	42	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	47	43	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	44	budget	budget	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	45	spending	spending	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	46	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	47	47	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	48	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	49	discourage	discourage	VERB
esutjss-38	47	50	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	51	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	52	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	53	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	54	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	55	thirdly	thirdly	ADV
esutjss-38	47	56	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	57	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	47	58	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	47	59	guide	guide	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	60	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	47	61	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	62	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	63	makers	maker	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	64	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	65	investors	investor	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	66	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	47	67	organisation	organisation	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	68	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	47	69	take	take	VERB
esutjss-38	47	70	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	71	issues	issue	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	72	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	47	73	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	74	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	47	75	adequate	adequate	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	76	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	77	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	78	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	79	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	47	80	serious	serious	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	81	matter	matter	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	82	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	83	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	84	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	85	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	86	fourthly	fourthly	ADV
esutjss-38	47	87	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	88	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	47	89	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	47	90	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	47	91	viable	viable	ADJ
esutjss-38	47	92	document	document	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	93	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	47	94	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	95	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	96	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	47	97	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	98	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	99	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	100	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	47	101	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	102	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	47	103	lastly	lastly	ADV
esutjss-38	47	104	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	47	105	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	47	106	research	research	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	107	served	serve	VERB
esutjss-38	47	108	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	47	109	insight	insight	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	110	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	47	111	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	112	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	113	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	47	114	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	115	need	need	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	116	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	47	117	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	47	118	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	119	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	47	120	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	121	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	47	122	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	47	123	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	47	124	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	48	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	48	2	remaining	remain	VERB
esutjss-38	48	3	part	part	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	48	5	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	48	6	paper	paper	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	48	8	divided	divide	VERB
esutjss-38	48	9	into	into	ADP
esutjss-38	48	10	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	48	11	sections	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	12	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	48	13	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	14	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	48	15	considered	consider	VERB
esutjss-38	48	16	literature	literature	PROPN
esutjss-38	48	17	review	review	PROPN
esutjss-38	48	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	48	19	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	20	three	three	NUM
esutjss-38	48	21	discussed	discuss	VERB
esutjss-38	48	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	48	23	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	48	24	strategy	strategy	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	48	26	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	27	four	four	NUM
esutjss-38	48	28	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	48	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	48	30	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	31	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	48	32	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	33	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	48	34	focused	focus	VERB
esutjss-38	48	35	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	48	36	discussion	discussion	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	37	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	48	38	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	39	six	six	NUM
esutjss-38	48	40	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	48	41	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	48	42	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	43	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	48	44	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	48	45	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	48	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	49	1	literature	literature	NOUN
esutjss-38	49	2	review	review	VERB
esutjss-38	49	3	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
esutjss-38	49	4	issues	issue	NOUN
esutjss-38	49	5	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	49	6	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	49	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	49	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	50	1	what	what	PRON
esutjss-38	50	2	constituted	constitute	VERB
esutjss-38	50	3	immoral	immoral	ADJ
esutjss-38	50	4	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	50	5	illegal	illegal	ADJ
esutjss-38	50	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	50	7	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	50	8	acts	act	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	9	depends	depend	VERB
esutjss-38	50	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	50	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	50	12	norms	norm	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	13	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	50	14	values	value	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	15	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	50	16	standard	standard	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	17	set	set	VERB
esutjss-38	50	18	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	50	19	any	any	DET
esutjss-38	50	20	society	society	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	50	22	meera	meera	PROPN
esutjss-38	50	23	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	50	24	jayakumar	jayakumar	PROPN
esutjss-38	50	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	50	26	1995).it	1995).it	NUM
esutjss-38	50	27	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	50	28	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	50	29	illegal	illegal	ADJ
esutjss-38	50	30	act	act	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	31	motivated	motivate	VERB
esutjss-38	50	32	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	50	33	incentives	incentive	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	34	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	50	35	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	50	36	self	self	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	37	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	50	38	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	39	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	50	40	case	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	41	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	50	42	property	property	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	43	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	44	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	50	45	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	50	46	hate	hate	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	47	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	50	48	passion	passion	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	49	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	50	50	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	50	51	case	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	52	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	50	53	person	person	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	54	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-38	50	55	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	56	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	50	57	ehrlich	ehrlich	NOUN
esutjss-38	50	58	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	50	59	1973	1973	NUM
esutjss-38	50	60	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	50	61	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	51	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	51	2	means	mean	VERB
esutjss-38	51	3	any	any	DET
esutjss-38	51	4	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
esutjss-38	51	5	acts	act	NOUN
esutjss-38	51	6	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	51	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	51	8	against	against	ADP
esutjss-38	51	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	51	10	rules	rule	NOUN
esutjss-38	51	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	51	12	regulation	regulation	NOUN
esutjss-38	51	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	51	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	51	15	define	define	NOUN
esutjss-38	51	16	territory	territory	NOUN
esutjss-38	51	17	either	either	CCONJ
esutjss-38	51	18	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	51	19	may	may	AUX
esutjss-38	51	20	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	51	21	injurious	injurious	ADJ
esutjss-38	51	22	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	51	23	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	51	24	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	51	25	referred	refer	VERB
esutjss-38	51	26	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	51	27	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	51	28	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	51	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	52	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	52	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	52	3	often	often	ADV
esutjss-38	52	4	measured	measure	VERB
esutjss-38	52	5	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	52	6	𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒	𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒	PROPN
esutjss-38	52	7	𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒	𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒	ADP
esutjss-38	52	8	=	=	X
esutjss-38	52	9	𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟	𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟	PROPN
esutjss-38	52	10	𝑜𝑓	𝑜𝑓	ADP
esutjss-38	52	11	𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒	𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒	PROPN
esutjss-38	52	12	𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙	𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙	PROPN
esutjss-38	52	13	𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛	𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛	PROPN
esutjss-38	52	14	×	×	NOUN
esutjss-38	52	15	100,000	100,000	NUM
esutjss-38	52	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	53	1	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	53	2	illegal	illegal	ADJ
esutjss-38	53	3	act	act	NOUN
esutjss-38	53	4	existed	exist	VERB
esutjss-38	53	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	53	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	53	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	53	8	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	53	9	them	they	PRON
esutjss-38	53	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	53	11	murder	murder	NOUN
esutjss-38	53	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	53	13	assault	assault	NOUN
esutjss-38	53	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	53	15	burglary	burglary	NOUN
esutjss-38	53	16	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	53	17	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	53	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	53	19	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	53	20	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	53	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	54	1	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	54	2	instance	instance	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	54	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	54	5	average	average	ADJ
esutjss-38	54	6	murder	murder	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	7	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	8	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	54	9	2.16	2.16	NUM
esutjss-38	54	10	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	54	11	100,000population	100,000population	NUM
esutjss-38	54	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	54	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	54	14	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	54	16	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-38	54	17	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	54	18	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	54	19	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	54	20	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	54	21	3.89	3.89	NUM
esutjss-38	54	22	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	54	23	100,000	100,000	NUM
esutjss-38	54	24	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	54	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	54	27	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	28	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	54	29	20002009	20002009	NUM
esutjss-38	54	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	54	31	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	54	32	reduced	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	54	33	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	54	34	1.64	1.64	NUM
esutjss-38	54	35	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	54	36	1000,000	1000,000	NUM
esutjss-38	54	37	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	38	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	54	39	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	54	40	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	54	41	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	54	42	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	54	43	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	54	44	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	54	45	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	55	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	2	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	3	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	55	5	armed	armed	ADJ
esutjss-38	55	6	robbery	robbery	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	7	reduced	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	55	8	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	55	9	47.59	47.59	NUM
esutjss-38	55	10	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	55	12	42.38	42.38	NUM
esutjss-38	55	13	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	14	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	16	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	55	18	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-38	55	19	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	55	20	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	55	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	55	22	20002009	20002009	NUM
esutjss-38	55	23	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	55	24	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	55	25	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	55	26	53.08	53.08	NUM
esutjss-38	55	27	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	30	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	31	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	55	32	2010-2017.considering	2010-2017.considere	VERB
esutjss-38	55	33	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	34	share	share	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	35	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	55	36	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	55	37	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	38	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	39	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	55	40	regions	region	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	41	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	42	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	43	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	55	44	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	55	45	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	55	46	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	55	47	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	55	48	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	55	49	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	55	50	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	51	figure	figure	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	52	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	55	53	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	55	54	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	55	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	55	56	east	east	PROPN
esutjss-38	55	57	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	55	58	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	59	highest	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	55	60	10.09	10.09	NUM
esutjss-38	55	61	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	62	change	change	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	63	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	64	share	share	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	65	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	55	66	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	55	67	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	68	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	55	69	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	55	70	least	least	ADJ
esutjss-38	55	71	change	change	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	72	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	73	share	share	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	74	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	55	75	-6.21	-6.21	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	76	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	77	occurred	occur	VERB
esutjss-38	55	78	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	55	79	north	north	NOUN
esutjss-38	55	80	central	central	ADJ
esutjss-38	55	81	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	56	1	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	56	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	56	4	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	56	5	west	west	PROPN
esutjss-38	56	6	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	56	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	56	8	highest	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	56	9	recorded	record	VERB
esutjss-38	56	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	56	11	45.88	45.88	NUM
esutjss-38	56	12	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	56	14	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	56	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	56	16	45.31	45.31	NUM
esutjss-38	56	17	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	56	19	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	56	20	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	56	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	56	22	north	north	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	23	west	west	PROPN
esutjss-38	56	24	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	56	25	7.87	7.87	NUM
esutjss-38	56	26	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	27	share	share	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	56	29	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	56	30	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	31	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	56	32	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	56	33	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	56	34	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	1	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	57	2	are	be	VERB
esutjss-38	57	3	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	57	5	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	6	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	57	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	57	9	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	10	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	11	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	57	12	instance	instance	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	14	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	57	16	foreign	foreign	ADJ
esutjss-38	57	17	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	18	suffers	suffer	VERB
esutjss-38	57	19	losses	loss	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	20	worth	worth	ADJ
esutjss-38	57	21	billions	billion	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	57	23	dollars	dollar	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	24	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	25	brennan	brennan	NOUN
esutjss-38	57	26	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	27	galvin	galvin	PROPN
esutjss-38	57	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	29	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-38	57	30	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	57	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	58	2	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	58	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	4	191.62	191.62	NUM
esutjss-38	58	5	million	million	NUM
esutjss-38	58	6	metric	metric	ADJ
esutjss-38	58	7	tons	ton	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	8	valued	value	VERB
esutjss-38	58	9	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	58	10	₦	₦	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	11	14.594billion	14.594billion	NUM
esutjss-38	58	12	lost	lose	VERB
esutjss-38	58	13	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	58	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	58	15	niger	niger	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	16	delta	delta	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	17	militants	militant	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	18	’	'	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	19	rebellious	rebellious	ADJ
esutjss-38	58	20	act	act	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	23	bureau	bureau	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	58	25	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	27	nbs	nbs	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	28	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	30	2011).between	2011).between	NUM
esutjss-38	58	31	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	58	32	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	58	33	2011	2011	NUM
esutjss-38	58	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	35	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	58	36	average	average	ADJ
esutjss-38	58	37	death	death	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	38	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	58	39	person	person	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	40	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	58	41	1,655	1,655	NUM
esutjss-38	58	42	recorded	record	VERB
esutjss-38	58	43	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	58	44	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	58	45	killings	killing	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	46	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	58	47	armed	armed	ADJ
esutjss-38	58	48	robbers	robber	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	49	was	be	AUX
esutjss-38	58	50	50	50	NUM
esutjss-38	58	51	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	52	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	58	53	8,516	8,516	NUM
esutjss-38	58	54	deaths	death	NOUN
esutjss-38	58	55	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	56	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	57	watch	watch	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	58	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	59	2011	2011	NUM
esutjss-38	58	60	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	61	nwankwo	nwankwo	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	62	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	58	63	james	james	PROPN
esutjss-38	58	64	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	65	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	58	66	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	58	67	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	59	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
esutjss-38	59	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	59	3	several	several	ADJ
esutjss-38	59	4	numbers	number	NOUN
esutjss-38	59	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	59	6	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	59	7	officers	officer	NOUN
esutjss-38	59	8	murdered	murder	VERB
esutjss-38	59	9	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	59	10	militants	militant	NOUN
esutjss-38	59	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	59	12	armed	armed	ADJ
esutjss-38	59	13	bandits	bandit	NOUN
esutjss-38	59	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	59	15	ojedokun	ojedokun	PROPN
esutjss-38	59	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	59	17	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	59	18	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	59	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	60	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	60	3	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	60	4	amount	amount	NOUN
esutjss-38	60	5	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	60	6	wastage	wastage	NOUN
esutjss-38	60	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	60	8	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-38	60	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	60	10	human	human	ADJ
esutjss-38	60	11	potentials	potential	NOUN
esutjss-38	60	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	61	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	61	4	criminality	criminality	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	5	activity	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	6	affected	affect	VERB
esutjss-38	61	7	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	61	9	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	61	10	service	service	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	11	provision	provision	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	13	distorts	distort	VERB
esutjss-38	61	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	61	15	environment	environment	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	16	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	61	17	engaging	engage	VERB
esutjss-38	61	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	61	19	business	business	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	61	21	functions	function	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	22	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	61	23	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	61	24	tax	tax	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	25	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	61	26	private	private	ADJ
esutjss-38	61	27	investments	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	61	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	61	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	61	30	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	31	okonjo	okonjo	ADJ
esutjss-38	61	32	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	33	iweala	iweala	PROPN
esutjss-38	61	34	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	61	35	osafo	osafo	PROPN
esutjss-38	61	36	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	37	kwaako	kwaako	PROPN
esutjss-38	61	38	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	39	2007	2007	NUM
esutjss-38	61	40	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	61	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	62	1	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	2	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	3	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	62	5	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	62	6	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	7	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	8	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	9	table2.1	table2.1	NUM
esutjss-38	62	10	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	62	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	12	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	62	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	62	15	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	62	17	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	18	average	average	ADJ
esutjss-38	62	19	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	62	21	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	22	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	23	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	62	25	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	26	19701979	19701979	NUM
esutjss-38	62	27	19801989	19801989	NUM
esutjss-38	62	28	19901999	19901999	NUM
esutjss-38	62	29	20002009	20002009	NUM
esutjss-38	62	30	20102017	20102017	NUM
esutjss-38	62	31	19701979	19701979	NUM
esutjss-38	62	32	19801989	19801989	NUM
esutjss-38	62	33	19901999	19901999	NUM
esutjss-38	62	34	20002009	20002009	NUM
esutjss-38	62	35	20102017	20102017	NUM
esutjss-38	62	36	murder	murder	NOUN
esutjss-38	62	37	1.99	1.99	NUM
esutjss-38	62	38	2.16	2.16	NUM
esutjss-38	62	39	1.50	1.50	NUM
esutjss-38	63	1	3.89	3.89	NUM
esutjss-38	63	2	1.64	1.64	NUM
esutjss-38	63	3	38.69	38.69	NUM
esutjss-38	63	4	-28.63	-28.63	PUNCT
esutjss-38	63	5	-8.79	-8.79	VERB
esutjss-38	63	6	1549.86	1549.86	NUM
esutjss-38	63	7	26.49	26.49	NUM
esutjss-38	63	8	felonious	felonious	ADJ
esutjss-38	63	9	wounding	wound	VERB
esutjss-38	63	10	10.39	10.39	NUM
esutjss-38	63	11	16.81	16.81	NUM
esutjss-38	63	12	15.13	15.13	NUM
esutjss-38	63	13	11.48	11.48	NUM
esutjss-38	63	14	5.28	5.28	NUM
esutjss-38	63	15	193.16	193.16	NUM
esutjss-38	63	16	-27.70	-27.70	PUNCT
esutjss-38	63	17	-18.34	-18.34	NOUN
esutjss-38	63	18	-35.81	-35.81	NOUN
esutjss-38	63	19	20.61	20.61	NUM
esutjss-38	63	20	assault	assault	NOUN
esutjss-38	63	21	78.45	78.45	NUM
esutjss-38	63	22	61.82	61.82	NUM
esutjss-38	63	23	44.89	44.89	NUM
esutjss-38	63	24	20.18	20.18	NUM
esutjss-38	63	25	10.92	10.92	NUM
esutjss-38	63	26	35.87	35.87	NUM
esutjss-38	63	27	4.73	4.73	NUM
esutjss-38	64	1	-43.13	-43.13	PUNCT
esutjss-38	64	2	-68.13	-68.13	PROPN
esutjss-38	64	3	58.13	58.13	NUM
esutjss-38	64	4	armed	armed	ADJ
esutjss-38	64	5	robbery	robbery	NOUN
esutjss-38	64	6	2.637	2.637	NUM
esutjss-38	64	7	1.79	1.79	NUM
esutjss-38	64	8	1.78	1.78	NUM
esutjss-38	64	9	2.02	2.02	NUM
esutjss-38	64	10	1.76	1.76	NUM
esutjss-38	64	11	-13.60	-13.60	PROPN
esutjss-38	64	12	-47.59	-47.59	SYM
esutjss-38	64	13	13.74	13.74	NUM
esutjss-38	64	14	-42.38	-42.38	SYM
esutjss-38	64	15	53.08	53.08	NUM
esutjss-38	64	16	burglary	burglary	NOUN
esutjss-38	64	17	25.61	25.61	NUM
esutjss-38	64	18	32.40	32.40	NUM
esutjss-38	64	19	18.83	18.83	NUM
esutjss-38	64	20	8.16	8.16	NUM
esutjss-38	64	21	3.37	3.37	NUM
esutjss-38	64	22	51.00	51.00	NUM
esutjss-38	64	23	94.90	94.90	NUM
esutjss-38	64	24	-52.63	-52.63	PUNCT
esutjss-38	65	1	-24.20	-24.20	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	2	-67.54	-67.54	PRON
esutjss-38	65	3	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	65	4	crimes	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	5	against	against	ADP
esutjss-38	65	6	persons	person	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	7	6.035	6.035	NUM
esutjss-38	65	8	17.92	17.92	NUM
esutjss-38	65	9	20.17	20.17	NUM
esutjss-38	65	10	9.91	9.91	NUM
esutjss-38	65	11	15.62	15.62	NUM
esutjss-38	65	12	-55.89	-55.89	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	13	729.66	729.66	NUM
esutjss-38	65	14	-48.51	-48.51	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	15	-74.75	-74.75	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	16	333.28	333.28	NUM
esutjss-38	65	17	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	65	18	crimes	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	19	against	against	ADP
esutjss-38	65	20	property	property	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	21	15.64	15.64	NUM
esutjss-38	65	22	115.56	115.56	NUM
esutjss-38	65	23	27.88	27.88	NUM
esutjss-38	65	24	27.72	27.72	NUM
esutjss-38	65	25	19.70	19.70	NUM
esutjss-38	65	26	74.27	74.27	NUM
esutjss-38	65	27	3281.77	3281.77	NUM
esutjss-38	65	28	-36.15	-36.15	ADP
esutjss-38	65	29	316.33	316.33	NUM
esutjss-38	65	30	817.16	817.16	NUM
esutjss-38	65	31	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	65	32	minor	minor	ADJ
esutjss-38	65	33	offences	offence	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	34	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	65	35	crimes	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	36	16.69	16.69	NUM
esutjss-38	65	37	62.52	62.52	NUM
esutjss-38	65	38	7.05	7.05	NUM
esutjss-38	65	39	1.43	1.43	NUM
esutjss-38	65	40	3.48	3.48	NUM
esutjss-38	65	41	446.61	446.61	NUM
esutjss-38	65	42	-36.83	-36.83	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	43	-34.46	-34.46	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	44	-97.49	-97.49	PART
esutjss-38	65	45	4526.94	4526.94	NUM
esutjss-38	65	46	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	65	47	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	48	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	49	306.44	306.44	NUM
esutjss-38	65	50	370.37	370.37	NUM
esutjss-38	65	51	238.41	238.41	NUM
esutjss-38	65	52	107.58	107.58	NUM
esutjss-38	65	53	67.38	67.38	NUM
esutjss-38	65	54	26.053	26.053	NUM
esutjss-38	65	55	20.29	20.29	NUM
esutjss-38	65	56	-49.30	-49.30	PUNCT
esutjss-38	65	57	-56.04	-56.04	PROPN
esutjss-38	65	58	4.49	4.49	NUM
esutjss-38	65	59	note	note	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	60	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	65	61	above	above	ADP
esutjss-38	65	62	elaboration	elaboration	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	63	should	should	AUX
esutjss-38	65	64	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	65	65	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	65	66	cited	cite	VERB
esutjss-38	65	67	without	without	ADP
esutjss-38	65	68	making	make	VERB
esutjss-38	65	69	reference	reference	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	70	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	65	71	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	65	72	author	author	NOUN
esutjss-38	65	73	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	66	1	source	source	NOUN
esutjss-38	66	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	66	3	author	author	NOUN
esutjss-38	66	4	computation	computation	NOUN
esutjss-38	66	5	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	66	6	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	66	7	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	66	8	report	report	NOUN
esutjss-38	66	9	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	66	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	66	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	66	12	bureau	bureau	PROPN
esutjss-38	66	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	66	14	statistic	statistic	PROPN
esutjss-38	66	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	67	1	figure	figure	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	2	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	67	3	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	67	4	share	share	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	67	6	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	67	7	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	8	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	9	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	67	10	regions	region	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	67	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	67	14	author	author	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	15	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	67	16	author	author	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	17	computation	computation	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	18	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	67	19	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	67	20	nbs	nbs	PROPN
esutjss-38	67	21	crime	crime	PROPN
esutjss-38	67	22	statistics	statistics	PROPN
esutjss-38	67	23	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	67	24	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	67	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	67	27	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	28	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	67	29	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	67	30	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	67	31	determine	determine	VERB
esutjss-38	67	32	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	67	33	stability	stability	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	34	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	67	35	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	36	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	67	37	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	67	38	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	67	39	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	68	1	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	68	2	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	68	3	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	68	4	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	68	5	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	68	6	concept	concept	NOUN
esutjss-38	68	7	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	68	8	show	show	VERB
esutjss-38	68	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
esutjss-38	68	10	attributes	attribute	NOUN
esutjss-38	68	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	68	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	68	13	nation	nation	NOUN
esutjss-38	68	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	69	1	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	69	2	attributes	attribute	NOUN
esutjss-38	69	3	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	69	4	minority	minority	NOUN
esutjss-38	69	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	69	6	race	race	NOUN
esutjss-38	69	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	69	8	class	class	NOUN
esutjss-38	69	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	69	10	group	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	69	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	69	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	69	13	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	69	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	70	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	70	2	group	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	70	3	can	can	AUX
esutjss-38	70	4	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	70	5	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
esutjss-38	70	6	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	70	7	settlers	settler	NOUN
esutjss-38	70	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	70	9	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	70	10	nationalities	nationality	NOUN
esutjss-38	70	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	70	12	saqib	saqib	NOUN
esutjss-38	70	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	70	14	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	70	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	70	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	71	1	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
esutjss-38	71	2	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
esutjss-38	71	3	culture	culture	NOUN
esutjss-38	71	4	sharing	sharing	NOUN
esutjss-38	71	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	71	6	languages	language	NOUN
esutjss-38	71	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	71	8	religion	religion	NOUN
esutjss-38	71	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	72	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	72	2	can	can	AUX
esutjss-38	72	3	cause	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	72	4	distrust	distrust	NOUN
esutjss-38	72	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	72	6	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	72	7	thereby	thereby	ADV
esutjss-38	72	8	making	make	VERB
esutjss-38	72	9	each	each	DET
esutjss-38	72	10	group	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	72	11	hate	hate	VERB
esutjss-38	72	12	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	72	13	another	another	PRON
esutjss-38	72	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	72	15	de	de	X
esutjss-38	72	16	soysa	soysa	PROPN
esutjss-38	72	17	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	72	18	noel	noel	PROPN
esutjss-38	72	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	72	20	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	72	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	72	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	73	1	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-38	73	2	hatred	hatred	NOUN
esutjss-38	73	3	make	make	VERB
esutjss-38	73	4	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	73	5	difficult	difficult	ADJ
esutjss-38	73	6	for	for	SCONJ
esutjss-38	73	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	73	8	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	73	9	makers	maker	NOUN
esutjss-38	73	10	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	73	11	manage	manage	VERB
esutjss-38	73	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	73	13	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	73	14	tension	tension	NOUN
esutjss-38	73	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	73	16	saqib	saqib	NOUN
esutjss-38	73	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	73	18	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	73	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	73	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	74	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	74	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	74	3	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	74	4	associated	associate	VERB
esutjss-38	74	5	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	74	6	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	74	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	75	1	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	75	2	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	75	3	measured	measure	VERB
esutjss-38	75	4	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	75	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	75	6	-10	-10	ADJ
esutjss-38	75	7	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	75	8	10	10	NUM
esutjss-38	75	9	20	20	NUM
esutjss-38	75	10	30	30	NUM
esutjss-38	75	11	40	40	NUM
esutjss-38	75	12	50	50	NUM
esutjss-38	75	13	north	north	NOUN
esutjss-38	75	14	west	west	PROPN
esutjss-38	75	15	north	north	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	1	central	central	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	2	north	north	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	3	east	east	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	4	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	5	east	east	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	6	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	7	west	west	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	8	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	9	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	76	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	76	11	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	76	13	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	76	14	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	76	15	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	16	change	change	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	76	18	share	share	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	19	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	76	20	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	76	21	cases	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	22	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	76	23	fractionalization	fractionalization	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	24	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	76	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	77	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	77	2	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	77	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
esutjss-38	77	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	77	5	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
esutjss-38	77	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	77	7	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	77	8	people	people	NOUN
esutjss-38	77	9	chosen	choose	VERB
esutjss-38	77	10	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	77	11	random	random	ADJ
esutjss-38	77	12	within	within	ADP
esutjss-38	77	13	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	77	14	given	give	VERB
esutjss-38	77	15	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	77	16	will	will	AUX
esutjss-38	77	17	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	77	18	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	77	19	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	77	20	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	77	21	groups	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	77	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	78	1	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	78	2	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	78	3	increases	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	78	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	78	5	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
esutjss-38	78	6	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	78	7	most	most	ADJ
esutjss-38	78	8	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	78	9	centres	centre	NOUN
esutjss-38	78	10	were	be	AUX
esutjss-38	78	11	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	78	12	planned	plan	VERB
esutjss-38	78	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	79	1	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	79	2	dwellers	dweller	NOUN
esutjss-38	79	3	face	face	VERB
esutjss-38	79	4	acute	acute	ADJ
esutjss-38	79	5	shortage	shortage	NOUN
esutjss-38	79	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	79	7	housing	housing	NOUN
esutjss-38	79	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	79	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	79	10	situation	situation	NOUN
esutjss-38	79	11	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	79	12	led	lead	VERB
esutjss-38	79	13	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	79	14	more	more	ADJ
esutjss-38	79	15	slums	slum	NOUN
esutjss-38	79	16	created	create	VERB
esutjss-38	79	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	80	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	80	2	large	large	ADJ
esutjss-38	80	3	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-38	80	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	80	5	people	people	NOUN
esutjss-38	80	6	facing	face	VERB
esutjss-38	80	7	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
esutjss-38	80	8	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
esutjss-38	80	9	resides	reside	VERB
esutjss-38	80	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	80	11	slum	slum	NOUN
esutjss-38	80	12	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	80	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	81	1	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	81	2	slum	slum	NOUN
esutjss-38	81	3	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	81	4	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
esutjss-38	81	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	81	6	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	81	7	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	81	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	81	9	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	81	10	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	81	11	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	81	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	1	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	82	2	became	become	VERB
esutjss-38	82	3	worse	bad	ADJ
esutjss-38	82	4	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	82	5	residential	residential	ADJ
esutjss-38	82	6	classified	classify	VERB
esutjss-38	82	7	into	into	ADP
esutjss-38	82	8	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	82	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	10	medium	medium	ADJ
esutjss-38	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	82	13	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	82	14	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	15	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	82	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	82	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	82	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	19	ebbe	ebbe	X
esutjss-38	82	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	21	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	82	22	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	23	opoko	opoko	PROPN
esutjss-38	82	24	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	82	25	oluwatayo	oluwatayo	PROPN
esutjss-38	82	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	27	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	82	28	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	82	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	83	1	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	83	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	83	3	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	83	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	83	5	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	83	6	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	83	7	faced	face	VERB
esutjss-38	83	8	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	83	9	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	83	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	83	11	job	job	NOUN
esutjss-38	83	12	immobility	immobility	NOUN
esutjss-38	83	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	84	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	84	2	reduces	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	84	3	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	84	4	bond	bond	NOUN
esutjss-38	84	5	due	due	ADP
esutjss-38	84	6	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	84	7	new	new	ADJ
esutjss-38	84	8	contacts	contact	NOUN
esutjss-38	84	9	made	make	VERB
esutjss-38	84	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	84	11	shopeju	shopeju	NOUN
esutjss-38	84	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	84	13	2007	2007	NUM
esutjss-38	84	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	84	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	85	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	85	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	85	3	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	85	4	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	85	5	integration	integration	NOUN
esutjss-38	85	6	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	85	7	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	85	8	migrants	migrant	NOUN
esutjss-38	85	9	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	85	10	rural	rural	ADJ
esutjss-38	85	11	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	85	12	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	85	13	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	85	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	86	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	86	2	creates	create	VERB
esutjss-38	86	3	difficult	difficult	ADJ
esutjss-38	86	4	situation	situation	NOUN
esutjss-38	86	5	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	86	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	86	7	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	86	8	personnel	personnel	NOUN
esutjss-38	86	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	87	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	87	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	87	3	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	87	4	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	87	5	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	87	6	facilities	facility	NOUN
esutjss-38	87	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	87	8	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-38	87	9	overstretched	overstretch	VERB
esutjss-38	87	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	87	11	become	become	VERB
esutjss-38	87	12	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
esutjss-38	87	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	88	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	88	2	becomes	become	VERB
esutjss-38	88	3	difficult	difficult	ADJ
esutjss-38	88	4	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	88	5	apprehend	apprehend	VERB
esutjss-38	88	6	criminals	criminal	NOUN
esutjss-38	88	7	given	give	VERB
esutjss-38	88	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	88	9	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-38	88	10	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	88	11	commit	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	88	12	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	88	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	89	1	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	2	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	89	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	89	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	89	5	report	report	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	89	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	89	8	bureau	bureau	PROPN
esutjss-38	89	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	89	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	89	12	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	89	13	years	year	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	14	indicated	indicate	VERB
esutjss-38	89	15	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	89	16	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	89	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	18	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	19	exist	exist	VERB
esutjss-38	89	20	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	89	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	89	22	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	23	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	89	24	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	89	25	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	89	26	2.3	2.3	NUM
esutjss-38	89	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	89	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	90	1	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	90	2	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-38	90	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	90	4	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	90	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	90	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	90	7	rates	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	90	8	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	90	9	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	90	10	27.2	27.2	NUM
esutjss-38	90	11	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	90	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	90	13	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-38	90	14	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	90	15	46.3	46.3	NUM
esutjss-38	90	16	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	90	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	90	18	1985	1985	NUM
esutjss-38	90	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	90	20	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	90	21	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-38	90	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	90	23	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	90	24	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	90	25	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	90	26	65.6	65.6	NUM
esutjss-38	90	27	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	90	28	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	90	29	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	90	30	later	later	ADV
esutjss-38	90	31	rose	rise	VERB
esutjss-38	90	32	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	90	33	69	69	NUM
esutjss-38	90	34	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	90	35	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	90	36	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	90	37	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	91	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	91	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	91	4	magnitudes	magnitude	NOUN
esutjss-38	91	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	91	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	91	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	91	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	91	9	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	91	10	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	91	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	91	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	91	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	91	14	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	91	15	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	91	16	intensified	intensify	VERB
esutjss-38	91	17	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	91	18	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	91	19	like	like	ADP
esutjss-38	91	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	91	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	91	22	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	91	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	91	24	rural	rural	ADJ
esutjss-38	91	25	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	91	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	92	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	92	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	92	3	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	92	4	cursory	cursory	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	5	look	look	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	6	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	92	7	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	8	2.3	2.3	NUM
esutjss-38	92	9	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	92	10	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	92	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	92	12	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	92	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	14	rose	rise	VERB
esutjss-38	92	15	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	92	16	43.2	43.2	NUM
esutjss-38	92	17	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	92	19	2004	2004	NUM
esutjss-38	92	20	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	92	21	73.2	73.2	NUM
esutjss-38	92	22	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	92	24	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	92	25	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	92	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	92	27	rural	rural	ADJ
esutjss-38	92	28	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	29	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	92	30	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	92	31	63.3	63.3	NUM
esutjss-38	92	32	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	33	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	92	34	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-38	92	35	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	92	36	73.2	73.2	NUM
esutjss-38	92	37	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	92	38	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	92	39	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	92	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-38	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	3	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	93	4	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	93	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	93	6	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	93	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	93	8	have	have	AUX
esutjss-38	93	9	been	be	AUX
esutjss-38	93	10	adopted	adopt	VERB
esutjss-38	93	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	93	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	93	13	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	93	14	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	93	15	highlighted	highlight	VERB
esutjss-38	93	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	93	17	obadan	obadan	PROPN
esutjss-38	93	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	19	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-38	93	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	21	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	93	22	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	93	23	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	93	24	seems	seem	VERB
esutjss-38	93	25	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	93	26	adequate	adequate	ADJ
esutjss-38	93	27	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	28	umukoro	umukoro	PROPN
esutjss-38	93	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	30	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-38	93	31	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	93	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	94	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	94	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	94	3	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	94	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	94	5	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	94	6	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	94	7	protection	protection	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	94	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	94	10	were	be	AUX
esutjss-38	94	11	weak	weak	ADJ
esutjss-38	94	12	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	94	13	move	move	VERB
esutjss-38	94	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	94	15	large	large	ADJ
esutjss-38	94	16	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	94	18	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	19	out	out	ADP
esutjss-38	94	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	94	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	22	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	94	23	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	94	24	is	is	ADV
esutjss-38	94	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	94	26	halving	halve	VERB
esutjss-38	94	27	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	28	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	94	29	people	people	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	30	living	live	VERB
esutjss-38	94	31	below	below	ADP
esutjss-38	94	32	us$	us$	SYM
esutjss-38	94	33	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	94	34	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	94	35	day	day	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	36	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	94	37	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	38	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	94	39	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	40	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	94	41	21.40	21.40	NUM
esutjss-38	94	42	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	43	proved	prove	VERB
esutjss-38	94	44	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	45	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	94	46	mdg	mdg	PROPN
esutjss-38	94	47	report	report	NOUN
esutjss-38	94	48	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	94	49	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-38	94	50	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	94	51	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	95	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	95	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	95	4	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
esutjss-38	95	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	95	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	95	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	95	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	95	9	may	may	AUX
esutjss-38	95	10	continue	continue	VERB
esutjss-38	95	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	95	12	encourage	encourage	VERB
esutjss-38	95	13	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	95	14	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	95	15	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	95	16	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	95	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	95	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	95	19	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	95	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	96	1	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	2	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	3	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	96	5	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	96	6	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	7	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	8	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	9	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	10	2.3	2.3	NUM
esutjss-38	96	11	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	96	12	spread	spread	VERB
esutjss-38	96	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	96	14	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	96	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	17	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	96	19	%	%	INTJ
esutjss-38	96	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	96	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	96	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	23	years	year	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	24	1980	1980	NUM
esutjss-38	96	25	1985	1985	NUM
esutjss-38	96	26	1992	1992	NUM
esutjss-38	96	27	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-38	96	28	2004	2004	NUM
esutjss-38	96	29	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	96	30	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	31	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-38	96	32	27.2	27.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	33	46.3	46.3	NUM
esutjss-38	96	34	42.7	42.7	NUM
esutjss-38	96	35	65.6	65.6	NUM
esutjss-38	96	36	54.4	54.4	NUM
esutjss-38	96	37	69	69	NUM
esutjss-38	96	38	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	96	39	17.2	17.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	40	37.8	37.8	NUM
esutjss-38	96	41	37.5	37.5	NUM
esutjss-38	96	42	58.2	58.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	43	43.2	43.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	44	61.8	61.8	NUM
esutjss-38	96	45	rural	rural	ADJ
esutjss-38	96	46	28.3	28.3	NUM
esutjss-38	96	47	51.4	51.4	NUM
esutjss-38	96	48	46	46	NUM
esutjss-38	96	49	69.3	69.3	NUM
esutjss-38	96	50	63.3	63.3	NUM
esutjss-38	96	51	73.2	73.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	52	zone	zone	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	53	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	54	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	55	13.2	13.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	56	45.7	45.7	NUM
esutjss-38	96	57	40.8	40.8	NUM
esutjss-38	96	58	58.2	58.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	59	35.1	35.1	NUM
esutjss-38	96	60	63.8	63.8	NUM
esutjss-38	96	61	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	62	east	east	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	63	12.9	12.9	NUM
esutjss-38	96	64	30.4	30.4	NUM
esutjss-38	96	65	41	41	NUM
esutjss-38	96	66	53.5	53.5	NUM
esutjss-38	96	67	26.7	26.7	NUM
esutjss-38	96	68	67	67	NUM
esutjss-38	96	69	south	south	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	70	west	west	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	71	13.4	13.4	NUM
esutjss-38	96	72	38.6	38.6	NUM
esutjss-38	96	73	43.1	43.1	NUM
esutjss-38	96	74	60.9	60.9	NUM
esutjss-38	96	75	43	43	NUM
esutjss-38	96	76	49.8	49.8	NUM
esutjss-38	96	77	north	north	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	78	central	central	ADJ
esutjss-38	96	79	32.2	32.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	80	50.8	50.8	NUM
esutjss-38	96	81	46	46	NUM
esutjss-38	96	82	64.7	64.7	NUM
esutjss-38	96	83	67	67	NUM
esutjss-38	96	84	67.5	67.5	NUM
esutjss-38	96	85	north	north	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	86	east	east	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	87	35.6	35.6	NUM
esutjss-38	96	88	54.9	54.9	NUM
esutjss-38	96	89	54	54	NUM
esutjss-38	96	90	70.1	70.1	NUM
esutjss-38	96	91	72.2	72.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	92	76.3	76.3	NUM
esutjss-38	96	93	north	north	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	94	west	west	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	95	37.7	37.7	NUM
esutjss-38	96	96	52.1	52.1	NUM
esutjss-38	96	97	36.5	36.5	NUM
esutjss-38	96	98	77.2	77.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	99	71.2	71.2	NUM
esutjss-38	96	100	77.7	77.7	NUM
esutjss-38	96	101	source	source	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	102	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	96	103	national	national	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	104	bureau	bureau	PROPN
esutjss-38	96	105	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	96	106	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	96	107	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	96	108	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	97	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	2	review	review	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	3	hansmann	hansmann	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	97	5	quigley	quigley	PROPN
esutjss-38	97	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	97	7	1982	1982	NUM
esutjss-38	97	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	97	9	observed	observe	VERB
esutjss-38	97	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	97	11	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	97	12	cross	cross	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	13	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	14	country	country	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	15	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	97	17	58	58	NUM
esutjss-38	97	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	97	19	40	40	NUM
esutjss-38	97	20	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	97	21	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	22	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	97	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	97	25	cultural	cultural	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	26	group	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	27	due	due	ADP
esutjss-38	97	28	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	97	29	interaction	interaction	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	30	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	97	31	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	32	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	33	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	97	34	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	97	35	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	36	positive	positive	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	37	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	38	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	97	39	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	40	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	97	41	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	42	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	97	43	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	97	44	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	97	45	religion	religion	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	46	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	97	47	language	language	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	48	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	97	49	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	97	50	individual	individual	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	51	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	52	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	97	53	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	97	54	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	55	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	97	56	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	57	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	97	58	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	59	least	least	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	60	square	square	ADJ
esutjss-38	97	61	method	method	NOUN
esutjss-38	97	62	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	98	1	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	2	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	3	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	98	4	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	98	5	too	too	ADV
esutjss-38	98	6	distant	distant	ADJ
esutjss-38	98	7	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	98	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	9	detected	detect	VERB
esutjss-38	98	10	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	98	11	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	98	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	98	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	98	15	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	16	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	98	17	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	18	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	98	19	capita	capita	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	20	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	98	21	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	98	22	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	98	23	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	24	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	98	25	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	98	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	99	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
esutjss-38	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	99	3	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	99	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	99	5	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	99	7	young	young	ADJ
esutjss-38	99	8	people	people	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	9	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	99	10	higher	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	99	11	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	99	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	99	13	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	99	14	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	99	16	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	99	17	capita	capita	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	18	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	19	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	99	20	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	99	21	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
esutjss-38	99	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	99	23	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	99	25	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	99	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	100	1	sandoval	sandoval	PROPN
esutjss-38	100	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	100	3	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	100	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	100	5	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-38	100	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	100	7	demographic	demographic	ADJ
esutjss-38	100	8	disparity	disparity	NOUN
esutjss-38	100	9	especially	especially	ADV
esutjss-38	100	10	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	100	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	100	12	young	young	ADJ
esutjss-38	100	13	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	100	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	100	15	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN
esutjss-38	100	16	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	100	17	armed	armed	ADJ
esutjss-38	100	18	gangs	gang	NOUN
esutjss-38	100	19	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	100	20	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	100	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	100	22	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	100	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	100	24	colombia	colombia	PROPN
esutjss-38	100	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	101	1	cherry	cherry	NOUN
esutjss-38	101	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	101	3	1999	1999	NUM
esutjss-38	101	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	101	5	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	101	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	101	7	panel	panel	NOUN
esutjss-38	101	8	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	101	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	101	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	101	11	united	united	PROPN
esutjss-38	101	12	state	state	PROPN
esutjss-38	101	13	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	101	14	asserting	assert	VERB
esutjss-38	101	15	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	101	16	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	101	17	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	101	18	improper	improper	ADJ
esutjss-38	101	19	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	101	20	leave	leave	VERB
esutjss-38	101	21	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	101	22	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	101	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	101	24	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	101	25	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	101	26	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	101	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	102	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	102	2	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	102	3	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	4	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	102	5	minority	minority	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	6	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	7	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	8	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	102	9	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	102	10	along	along	ADP
esutjss-38	102	11	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	102	12	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	102	13	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
esutjss-38	102	14	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	102	16	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	17	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	18	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	102	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	102	20	random	random	ADJ
esutjss-38	102	21	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	102	22	fixed	fix	VERB
esutjss-38	102	23	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	102	24	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	25	method	method	NOUN
esutjss-38	102	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	103	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	103	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
esutjss-38	103	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	103	5	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	103	6	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	103	8	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	103	9	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	103	10	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	103	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	12	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	103	13	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	14	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	103	15	all	all	DET
esutjss-38	103	16	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	103	18	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	103	20	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	21	only	only	ADV
esutjss-38	103	22	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	103	23	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	103	24	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	103	25	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	26	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	103	27	murder	murder	NOUN
esutjss-38	103	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	104	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	104	2	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	3	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	4	vary	vary	VERB
esutjss-38	104	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	104	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	104	7	7	7	NUM
esutjss-38	104	8	outcome	outcome	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	104	10	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	104	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	104	12	probability	probability	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	104	14	arrest	arrest	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	15	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	104	16	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	104	17	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	104	18	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	19	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	104	20	all	all	DET
esutjss-38	104	21	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	104	23	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	104	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	104	26	length	length	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	27	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	104	28	sentence	sentence	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	29	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	104	30	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	104	31	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	104	32	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	104	33	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	104	34	presence	presence	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	35	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	104	36	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	37	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	104	38	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	104	39	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	40	environment	environment	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	41	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	104	42	only	only	ADV
esutjss-38	104	43	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	104	44	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	104	45	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-38	104	46	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	104	47	murder	murder	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	48	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	104	49	positive	positive	ADJ
esutjss-38	104	50	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	104	51	larceny	larceny	NOUN
esutjss-38	104	52	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	105	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	2	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	3	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	105	5	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	105	6	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	105	7	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	105	8	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	9	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	105	10	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	105	11	considered	consider	VERB
esutjss-38	105	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	105	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	14	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	15	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	16	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	105	17	overstated	overstate	VERB
esutjss-38	105	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	105	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	20	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	105	22	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	105	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	105	24	studying	study	VERB
esutjss-38	105	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	26	minority	minority	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	27	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	28	along	along	ADP
esutjss-38	105	29	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	105	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	31	municipal	municipal	ADJ
esutjss-38	105	32	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	33	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	105	34	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	35	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	105	36	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	105	37	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	38	individual	individual	ADJ
esutjss-38	105	39	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	40	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	105	41	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	105	42	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	43	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	44	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	105	45	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	105	46	types	type	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	47	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	105	48	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	105	49	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	106	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
esutjss-38	106	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	106	3	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	106	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	106	5	included	include	VERB
esutjss-38	106	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	106	7	use	use	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	106	9	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	106	11	incarceration	incarceration	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	12	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	106	13	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	106	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	106	15	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	16	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	106	17	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	18	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	106	19	taking	take	VERB
esutjss-38	106	20	note	note	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	106	22	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	106	23	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	106	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	107	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
esutjss-38	107	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	107	3	cerro	cerro	PROPN
esutjss-38	107	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	107	5	meloni	meloni	PROPN
esutjss-38	107	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	107	7	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-38	107	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	107	9	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	107	10	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	107	11	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	12	arrest	arrest	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	107	14	conviction	conviction	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	107	16	criminals	criminal	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	17	led	lead	VERB
esutjss-38	107	18	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	107	19	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	20	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	107	22	argentina	argentina	PROPN
esutjss-38	107	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	107	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	107	25	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	107	27	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	107	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	107	29	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	30	causing	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	107	31	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	32	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	107	33	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	107	34	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	107	35	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	107	36	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	107	37	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	38	area	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	39	attract	attract	VERB
esutjss-38	107	40	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	107	41	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	42	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	107	43	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	44	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	107	45	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	107	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	108	1	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	108	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	108	3	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	108	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	108	5	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	108	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	108	7	examined	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	108	8	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	108	9	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	108	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	108	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	108	12	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	108	13	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	108	14	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	108	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	108	16	united	united	PROPN
esutjss-38	108	17	state	state	PROPN
esutjss-38	108	18	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	108	19	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	108	20	tobit	tobit	NOUN
esutjss-38	108	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	108	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	109	1	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	109	2	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	109	3	measured	measure	VERB
esutjss-38	109	4	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	109	5	race	race	NOUN
esutjss-38	109	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	109	7	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
esutjss-38	109	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	109	9	religion	religion	NOUN
esutjss-38	109	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	110	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	110	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	110	3	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	110	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	110	5	race	race	NOUN
esutjss-38	110	6	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	110	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	110	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	110	9	religion	religion	NOUN
esutjss-38	110	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	110	11	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	110	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	110	13	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-38	110	14	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	110	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	110	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	110	17	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	110	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	111	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	111	2	means	mean	VERB
esutjss-38	111	3	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	111	4	homogeneous	homogeneous	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	5	race	race	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	6	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	111	8	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	111	9	prone	prone	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	10	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	111	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	12	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	13	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	111	14	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	111	15	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	16	share	share	VERB
esutjss-38	111	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	111	18	same	same	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	19	norms	norm	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	111	21	cultures	culture	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	111	23	beliefs	belief	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	111	25	teaching	teach	VERB
esutjss-38	111	26	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	27	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	28	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	111	29	experience	experience	VERB
esutjss-38	111	30	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	31	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	32	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	33	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	111	34	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	111	35	supports	support	VERB
esutjss-38	111	36	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	111	37	sociological	sociological	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	38	theory	theory	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	39	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	111	40	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	111	41	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	111	42	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	111	43	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	44	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	111	45	require	require	VERB
esutjss-38	111	46	small	small	ADJ
esutjss-38	111	47	resources	resource	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	48	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	111	49	control	control	VERB
esutjss-38	111	50	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	111	51	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	112	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-38	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	112	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	112	4	selling	selling	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	112	6	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	7	spirit	spirit	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	112	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	112	10	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	11	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	112	12	promote	promote	VERB
esutjss-38	112	13	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	112	14	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	112	16	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	112	17	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	112	18	larceny	larceny	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	112	20	burglary	burglary	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	112	22	autotheft	autotheft	VERB
esutjss-38	112	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	112	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	112	25	robbery	robbery	NOUN
esutjss-38	112	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	113	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	113	2	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	113	3	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	113	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	113	5	religion	religion	NOUN
esutjss-38	113	6	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	113	7	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	113	8	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	113	9	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	113	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	113	11	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	113	12	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	113	13	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	113	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	113	15	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	113	16	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	113	17	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	113	18	hansmann	hansmann	NOUN
esutjss-38	113	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	113	20	quigley	quigley	PROPN
esutjss-38	113	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	113	22	1982	1982	NUM
esutjss-38	113	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	113	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	114	1	altheimer	altheimer	NOUN
esutjss-38	114	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	114	3	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	114	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	114	5	examined	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	114	6	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	114	7	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	114	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	114	9	interacted	interact	VERB
esutjss-38	114	10	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	114	11	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	114	12	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	114	13	supports	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	114	14	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	114	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	114	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	114	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	114	18	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	114	19	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	114	20	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	114	21	cross	cross	ADJ
esutjss-38	114	22	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-38	114	23	country	country	ADJ
esutjss-38	114	24	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	114	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	114	26	51	51	NUM
esutjss-38	114	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	115	1	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	115	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	115	3	estimation	estimation	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	115	5	weighted	weighted	ADJ
esutjss-38	115	6	least	least	ADJ
esutjss-38	115	7	square	square	ADJ
esutjss-38	115	8	method	method	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	9	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	115	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	115	11	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	12	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	115	13	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	115	14	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	115	15	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	115	17	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	115	18	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	19	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	115	20	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	115	22	any	any	DET
esutjss-38	115	23	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	115	25	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	115	26	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	115	27	introduced	introduce	VERB
esutjss-38	115	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	116	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-38	116	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	116	3	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	116	4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	116	5	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	6	interacts	interact	VERB
esutjss-38	116	7	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	116	8	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	9	care	care	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	116	11	human	human	ADJ
esutjss-38	116	12	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	13	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	14	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	116	15	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	116	16	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	116	17	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	116	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	116	20	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	21	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	116	22	reduces	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	116	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	117	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
esutjss-38	117	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	117	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	117	4	general	general	ADJ
esutjss-38	117	5	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	117	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	117	7	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	117	8	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	117	9	capita	capita	X
esutjss-38	117	10	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	117	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	117	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	117	13	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	117	14	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	117	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	1	similar	similar	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	2	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	3	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	118	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	118	5	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	7	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	118	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	10	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	12	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	118	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	14	studied	study	VERB
esutjss-38	118	15	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	16	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	118	18	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	19	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	20	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	118	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	118	22	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	118	24	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	118	26	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	118	27	cross	cross	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	28	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	29	country	country	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	30	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	31	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	118	32	165	165	NUM
esutjss-38	118	33	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	34	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	118	35	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	118	36	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	37	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	38	medium	medium	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	39	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	118	40	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	118	41	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	42	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	43	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	118	44	multiple	multiple	ADJ
esutjss-38	118	45	regression	regression	NOUN
esutjss-38	118	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	119	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	119	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	3	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	119	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	119	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	119	6	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	7	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	119	8	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	119	10	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	119	11	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	119	12	supported	support	VERB
esutjss-38	119	13	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	119	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	119	15	evidence	evidence	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	119	17	positive	positive	ADJ
esutjss-38	119	18	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	119	19	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	20	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	119	21	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	22	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	119	23	medium	medium	ADJ
esutjss-38	119	24	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	25	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	119	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	120	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	120	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	120	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	4	measured	measure	VERB
esutjss-38	120	5	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	120	6	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	120	7	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	120	8	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	120	9	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	120	10	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	120	11	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	120	12	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	120	13	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	120	14	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	120	15	excess	excess	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	120	17	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	120	18	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	120	19	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	120	20	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	21	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	22	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	120	23	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	120	25	likewise	likewise	ADV
esutjss-38	120	26	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	120	27	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	120	28	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	120	29	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	30	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	31	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	120	32	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	120	33	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	34	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	35	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	120	36	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	37	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	120	38	medium	medium	ADJ
esutjss-38	120	39	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	40	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	120	41	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	120	42	overall	overall	ADJ
esutjss-38	120	43	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	120	44	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	121	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-38	121	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	121	3	de	de	X
esutjss-38	121	4	soysa	soysa	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	121	6	noel	noel	PROPN
esutjss-38	121	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	121	8	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	121	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	121	10	examined	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	121	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	121	12	linked	link	VERB
esutjss-38	121	13	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	121	14	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	121	15	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	121	17	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	121	18	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	19	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	121	20	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	21	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	121	22	140	140	NUM
esutjss-38	121	23	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	24	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	121	25	1995	1995	NUM
esutjss-38	121	26	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	121	27	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-38	121	28	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	121	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	121	30	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	31	analysed	analyse	VERB
esutjss-38	121	32	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	121	33	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	121	34	robust	robust	ADJ
esutjss-38	121	35	panel	panel	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	36	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
esutjss-38	121	37	least	least	ADJ
esutjss-38	121	38	squares	square	NOUN
esutjss-38	121	39	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	122	1	their	their	PRON
esutjss-38	122	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
esutjss-38	122	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	122	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	122	6	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	7	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	122	8	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	122	9	inverted	inverted	ADJ
esutjss-38	122	10	u	u	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	11	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	12	shape	shape	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	13	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	14	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	122	15	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	122	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	122	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	123	1	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	123	2	they	they	PRON
esutjss-38	123	3	contended	contend	VERB
esutjss-38	123	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	123	5	existence	existence	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	123	7	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	8	increased	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	123	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	123	10	risk	risk	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	123	12	armed	armed	ADJ
esutjss-38	123	13	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	123	15	they	they	PRON
esutjss-38	123	16	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-38	123	17	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	123	18	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	123	19	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	20	was	be	AUX
esutjss-38	123	21	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	123	22	responsible	responsible	ADJ
esutjss-38	123	23	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	123	24	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	123	25	dislocation	dislocation	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	26	happened	happen	VERB
esutjss-38	123	27	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	123	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	123	29	society	society	NOUN
esutjss-38	123	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	124	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	124	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	124	3	they	they	PRON
esutjss-38	124	4	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	124	5	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	124	6	gdp	gdp	NOUN
esutjss-38	124	7	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	124	8	capita	capita	NOUN
esutjss-38	124	9	reduces	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	124	10	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	124	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	124	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	124	13	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	124	14	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	124	15	did	do	VERB
esutjss-38	124	16	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	124	17	drive	drive	VERB
esutjss-38	124	18	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	124	19	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	124	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	125	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	125	3	finding	finding	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	125	5	hansmann	hansmann	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	125	7	quigley	quigley	PROPN
esutjss-38	125	8	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	9	1982	1982	NUM
esutjss-38	125	10	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	12	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	125	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	125	14	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	125	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	16	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	125	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	19	cherry	cherry	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	21	1999	1999	NUM
esutjss-38	125	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	24	altheimer	altheimer	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	25	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	26	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	125	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	125	29	sandoval	sandoval	PROPN
esutjss-38	125	30	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	31	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	125	32	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	125	33	supported	support	VERB
esutjss-38	125	34	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	125	35	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	125	36	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	37	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	125	38	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	39	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	125	40	support	support	VERB
esutjss-38	125	41	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	125	42	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	125	43	disorganization	disorganization	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	44	theory	theory	NOUN
esutjss-38	125	45	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	3	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	4	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	126	5	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	126	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	8	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	126	9	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	10	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	126	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	126	12	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	126	13	disorganization	disorganization	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	126	15	rational	rational	ADJ
esutjss-38	126	16	choice	choice	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	17	theory	theory	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	19	hansmann	hansmann	PROPN
esutjss-38	126	20	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	126	21	quigley	quigley	PROPN
esutjss-38	126	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	23	1982	1982	NUM
esutjss-38	126	24	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	25	altheimer	altheimer	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	27	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	126	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	126	29	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	126	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	31	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	126	32	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	126	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	127	1	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	127	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	127	3	de	de	X
esutjss-38	127	4	soysa	soysa	PROPN
esutjss-38	127	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	127	6	noel	noel	PROPN
esutjss-38	127	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	127	8	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	127	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	127	10	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
esutjss-38	127	11	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	127	12	contrary	contrary	ADJ
esutjss-38	127	13	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	127	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	127	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	127	16	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	127	17	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-38	127	18	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	127	19	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	127	20	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	127	21	was	be	AUX
esutjss-38	127	22	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	127	23	responsible	responsible	ADJ
esutjss-38	127	24	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	127	25	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	127	26	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	127	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	128	1	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	128	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	128	3	previous	previous	ADJ
esutjss-38	128	4	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	128	6	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	128	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	128	8	noted	note	VERB
esutjss-38	128	9	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	128	10	most	most	ADJ
esutjss-38	128	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	128	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	128	13	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	14	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	128	15	cross	cross	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	16	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	17	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	128	19	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	128	20	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	128	21	developed	develop	VERB
esutjss-38	128	22	nations	nation	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	23	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	128	24	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	128	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	128	26	developing	develop	VERB
esutjss-38	128	27	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	128	28	like	like	ADP
esutjss-38	128	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	128	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	129	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	129	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	129	4	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	5	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	129	6	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	7	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	129	9	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	129	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	129	11	differed	differ	VERB
esutjss-38	129	12	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	129	13	previous	previous	ADJ
esutjss-38	129	14	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	15	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	129	16	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	129	17	cross	cross	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	18	country	country	PROPN
esutjss-38	129	19	data	data	PROPN
esutjss-38	129	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	129	21	cross	cross	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	22	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	23	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	129	25	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	129	26	series	series	PROPN
esutjss-38	129	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	130	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	130	2	strategy	strategy	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
esutjss-38	130	4	framework	framework	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	5	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	130	6	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	7	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	130	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	130	9	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	10	supply	supply	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	11	function	function	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	12	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	130	13	proposed	propose	VERB
esutjss-38	130	14	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	130	15	becker	becker	PROPN
esutjss-38	130	16	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	130	17	1968	1968	NUM
esutjss-38	130	18	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	130	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	130	20	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	130	21	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	22	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	130	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	130	24	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	25	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	130	26	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	130	27	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	130	28	helps	help	VERB
esutjss-38	130	29	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	130	30	determine	determine	VERB
esutjss-38	130	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	130	32	reasons	reason	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	33	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	130	34	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	130	35	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	130	36	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	131	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	131	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	131	3	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	131	5	determinants	determinant	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	6	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	131	7	into	into	ADP
esutjss-38	131	8	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	131	9	forms	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	10	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	131	11	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	131	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	131	13	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-38	131	14	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	15	caused	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	131	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	131	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	131	19	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	131	20	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	21	sees	see	VERB
esutjss-38	131	22	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	23	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	131	25	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	131	26	referred	refer	VERB
esutjss-38	131	27	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	131	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	131	29	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	131	30	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	131	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	132	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	132	2	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	3	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	132	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	132	5	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	6	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	132	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	132	8	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	132	9	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	132	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	12	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	132	13	depends	depend	VERB
esutjss-38	132	14	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	132	15	𝑃𝑅𝑡	𝑃𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	132	17	𝑃𝐴𝑡	𝑃𝐴𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	18	and𝑈𝑡.	and𝑈𝑡.	PROPN
esutjss-38	132	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	132	20	𝑈𝑡	𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	132	21	represents	represent	VERB
esutjss-38	132	22	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
esutjss-38	132	23	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	24	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	132	25	motivates	motivate	VERB
esutjss-38	132	26	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	27	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	132	28	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	132	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	132	30	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	31	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	32	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	132	33	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	34	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	132	35	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	132	36	society	society	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	37	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	132	38	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	132	39	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	132	40	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	132	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	133	1	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	133	2	mentioned	mention	VERB
esutjss-38	133	3	earlier	early	ADV
esutjss-38	133	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	133	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	133	6	second	second	ADJ
esutjss-38	133	7	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	133	9	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	133	10	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	11	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	12	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-38	133	13	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	133	14	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	133	16	arrest	arrest	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	17	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	133	18	𝑃𝑅𝑡	𝑃𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	133	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	133	21	punishment	punishment	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	22	through	through	ADP
esutjss-38	133	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	133	24	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
esutjss-38	133	25	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	133	26	𝑃𝐴𝑡	𝑃𝐴𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	133	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	133	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	134	1	similar	similar	ADJ
esutjss-38	134	2	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	134	3	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	134	4	have	have	AUX
esutjss-38	134	5	employed	employ	VERB
esutjss-38	134	6	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	134	7	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	134	8	includes	include	VERB
esutjss-38	134	9	cherry	cherry	NOUN
esutjss-38	134	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	134	11	1999	1999	NUM
esutjss-38	134	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	134	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	134	14	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	134	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	134	16	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	134	17	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	134	18	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	134	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	134	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	1	9	9	NUM
esutjss-38	135	2	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	3	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	135	4	𝑓(𝑃𝑅𝑡	𝑓(𝑃𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	6	𝑃𝐴𝑡	𝑃𝐴𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	8	𝑈𝑡)(1	𝑈𝑡)(1	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	11	1	1	X
esutjss-38	135	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	135	14	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	135	16	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	17	1extended	1extended	NUM
esutjss-38	135	18	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	135	19	study	study	VERB
esutjss-38	135	20	racial	racial	ADJ
esutjss-38	135	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	135	22	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	135	23	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	24	along	along	ADP
esutjss-38	135	25	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	135	26	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	135	27	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
esutjss-38	135	28	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	29	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	135	30	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	135	31	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	135	32	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	135	33	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	34	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	135	35	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	36	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	135	37	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	135	38	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	39	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	135	40	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	135	41	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	135	42	did	do	AUX
esutjss-38	135	43	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	135	44	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	135	45	any	any	PRON
esutjss-38	135	46	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	135	47	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	135	48	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	49	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	135	50	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	136	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	136	2	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	3	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	136	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	136	5	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	6	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	136	7	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	8	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	9	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	136	10	person	person	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	136	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	136	13	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	136	15	𝑅𝐸𝐺is	𝑅𝐸𝐺is	DET
esutjss-38	136	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	136	17	religious	religious	ADJ
esutjss-38	136	18	factor;𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑡represents	factor;𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑡represent	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	136	20	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	21	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	136	23	indicates	indicate	VERB
esutjss-38	136	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	136	25	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	136	26	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	27	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	136	28	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	136	30	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	136	31	𝑍𝑡includes	𝑍𝑡include	VERB
esutjss-38	136	32	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	136	33	socio	socio	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	34	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	35	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	136	36	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	136	37	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	136	38	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	1	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	137	2	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	137	3	𝑓(𝑅𝐸𝐺𝑡	𝑓(𝑅𝐸𝐺𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	137	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	5	𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑡	𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	7	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	137	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	9	𝑍𝑡	𝑍𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	137	10	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	12	2	2	X
esutjss-38	137	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	14	following	follow	VERB
esutjss-38	137	15	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	137	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	137	17	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	137	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	137	19	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	137	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	1	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	2	we	we	PRON
esutjss-38	138	3	modified	modify	VERB
esutjss-38	138	4	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	5	2which	2which	NUM
esutjss-38	138	6	led	lead	VERB
esutjss-38	138	7	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	138	8	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	9	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	138	10	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	138	11	testing	test	VERB
esutjss-38	138	12	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	14	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	138	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	19	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	22	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	138	23	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	138	24	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	138	25	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	27	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	138	28	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	138	31	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	32	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	33	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	138	34	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	35	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	138	36	capita	capita	X
esutjss-38	138	37	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	38	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	39	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	40	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	138	41	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	138	42	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	43	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	138	44	internal	internal	ADJ
esutjss-38	138	45	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	46	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	47	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	138	48	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	49	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	138	50	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	138	51	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	52	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	53	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	54	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	138	55	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	138	56	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	139	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	139	2	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	139	3	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	139	4	includes	include	VERB
esutjss-38	139	5	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	139	6	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	139	7	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	139	8	internal	internal	ADJ
esutjss-38	139	9	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	139	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	139	11	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	139	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	139	13	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	139	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	139	15	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	139	16	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	139	17	suggested	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	139	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	139	19	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	139	20	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	139	21	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	139	22	becker	becker	PROPN
esutjss-38	139	23	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	139	24	1968	1968	NUM
esutjss-38	139	25	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	139	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	1	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	2	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	140	3	𝑓	𝑓	PROPN
esutjss-38	140	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	5	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	140	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	7	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	9	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	11	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	13	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	16	3	3	X
esutjss-38	140	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	18	where	where	SCONJ
esutjss-38	140	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	140	20	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	140	21	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	22	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	140	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	140	25	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	26	is𝐶𝑅𝑡	is𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	27	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	140	28	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	29	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	140	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	140	31	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	140	32	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	140	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	141	1	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡ispoverty	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡ispoverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	2	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	141	4	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡is	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡is	PROPN
esutjss-38	141	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	141	7	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	141	8	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	141	9	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	141	10	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	141	12	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	13	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	141	14	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	141	16	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	141	18	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡is	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡is	PROPN
esutjss-38	141	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	141	20	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	141	21	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	22	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	141	23	internal	internal	ADJ
esutjss-38	141	24	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	141	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	142	2	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	142	3	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	142	6	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	8	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	142	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	12	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	14	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	142	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	142	18	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	142	19	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	142	20	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	22	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	142	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	142	24	expected	expect	VERB
esutjss-38	142	25	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	142	26	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	142	27	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	28	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	29	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	142	30	positive	positive	ADJ
esutjss-38	142	31	sign	sign	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	32	since	since	SCONJ
esutjss-38	142	33	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	142	34	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	142	35	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	142	36	chances	chance	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	37	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	142	38	commit	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	142	39	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	142	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	143	1	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	2	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	143	4	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	143	6	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	143	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	143	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	143	10	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	143	11	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	12	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	143	14	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	143	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	143	16	expected	expect	VERB
esutjss-38	143	17	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	143	18	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	143	19	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-38	143	20	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	143	21	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	143	22	anti	anti	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	23	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-38	143	24	dote	dote	ADJ
esutjss-38	143	25	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	143	26	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	27	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	143	28	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	143	29	expects	expect	VERB
esutjss-38	143	30	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	143	31	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	143	32	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	143	33	chances	chance	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	34	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	143	35	commit	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	143	36	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	143	37	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	144	1	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	2	specification	specification	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	144	4	line	line	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	5	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	144	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	144	7	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	8	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	9	expressed	express	VERB
esutjss-38	144	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	144	11	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	12	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	144	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	144	14	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	144	15	4	4	NUM
esutjss-38	144	16	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	144	17	specified	specify	VERB
esutjss-38	144	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	145	2	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	145	3	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	5	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	145	6	represents	represent	VERB
esutjss-38	145	7	log	log	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	145	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	145	10	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	11	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	12	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	13	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	14	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	15	represents	represent	VERB
esutjss-38	145	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	145	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	145	18	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	19	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	21	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡(%	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡(%	NUM
esutjss-38	145	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	23	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	145	24	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	25	represents	represent	VERB
esutjss-38	145	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	145	27	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	28	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	29	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	145	30	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	145	31	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	145	32	infants	infant	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	33	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	34	respectively.𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	respectively.𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	35	denotes	denote	VERB
esutjss-38	145	36	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	37	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	38	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	145	39	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	40	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	41	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	42	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	145	43	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	145	44	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	145	45	stands	stand	VERB
esutjss-38	145	46	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	145	47	log	log	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	48	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	145	49	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	50	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	145	51	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	146	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	146	2	𝛽0	𝛽0	PROPN
esutjss-38	146	3	𝑖𝑠	𝑖𝑠	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	4	𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡	𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	146	6	𝛽1	𝛽1	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	146	8	𝛽2	𝛽2	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	146	10	𝛽3	𝛽3	PROPN
esutjss-38	146	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	146	12	𝛽4𝑎𝑛𝑑	𝛽4𝑎𝑛𝑑	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	13	𝛽5	𝛽5	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	14	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	146	15	parameters	parameter	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	16	and𝜇𝑡	and𝜇𝑡	ADJ
esutjss-38	146	17	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	146	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	146	19	white	white	ADJ
esutjss-38	146	20	noise	noise	NOUN
esutjss-38	146	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	147	1	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	2	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	3	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	5	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	6	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	7	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	8	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	9	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅t=	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅t=	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	10	𝛽0	𝛽0	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	11	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	12	𝛽1𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝛽1𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	13	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	14	𝛽2𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝛽2𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	15	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	16	𝛽3𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝛽3𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	17	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	18	𝛽4𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝛽4𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	147	19	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	20	𝛽5𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝛽5𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	X
esutjss-38	147	21	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	22	𝜇𝑡(4	𝜇𝑡(4	ADJ
esutjss-38	147	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	147	24	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	25	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	26	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	147	27	test	test	VERB
esutjss-38	147	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	147	29	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	30	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	147	31	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	32	4	4	NUM
esutjss-38	147	33	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	147	34	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	147	35	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
esutjss-38	147	36	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	147	37	to	to	AUX
esutjss-38	147	38	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	147	39	unit	unit	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	40	root	root	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	41	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	42	due	due	ADJ
esutjss-38	147	43	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	147	44	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	147	45	annual	annual	ADJ
esutjss-38	147	46	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	47	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	48	employed	employ	VERB
esutjss-38	147	49	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	147	50	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	147	51	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	52	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	147	53	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	147	54	sequel	sequel	VERB
esutjss-38	147	55	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	56	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	147	57	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	148	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	148	2	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	148	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	148	4	unit	unit	NOUN
esutjss-38	148	5	root	root	PROPN
esutjss-38	148	6	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	148	7	usingaugmented	usingaugmente	VERB
esutjss-38	148	8	dickey	dickey	NOUN
esutjss-38	148	9	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	148	10	fuller	full	ADJ
esutjss-38	148	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	148	12	adf	adf	NOUN
esutjss-38	148	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	148	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	148	15	phillip	phillip	PROPN
esutjss-38	148	16	perron	perron	PROPN
esutjss-38	148	17	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	148	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	149	1	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	149	2	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	149	3	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	149	4	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	149	5	all	all	DET
esutjss-38	149	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	149	7	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	149	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	149	9	integrated	integrate	VERB
esutjss-38	149	10	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	149	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	149	12	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	149	13	i(0	i(0	PROPN
esutjss-38	149	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	149	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	149	16	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-38	149	17	difference	difference	NOUN
esutjss-38	149	18	i(1	i(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	149	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	149	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	149	21	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	149	22	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	149	23	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	149	24	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	149	25	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	149	26	5.0	5.0	NUM
esutjss-38	149	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	149	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	1	pesaran	pesaran	PROPN
esutjss-38	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	3	shin	shin	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	150	6	smith	smith	PROPN
esutjss-38	150	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	8	2001	2001	NUM
esutjss-38	150	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	10	proposed	propose	VERB
esutjss-38	150	11	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	150	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	150	13	bound	bind	VERB
esutjss-38	150	14	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	15	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	16	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	150	17	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	150	18	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	150	19	examine	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	150	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	150	21	exist	exist	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	150	23	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	150	24	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	25	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	26	specifically	specifically	ADV
esutjss-38	150	27	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	150	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	150	29	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	30	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	150	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	150	32	unit	unit	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	33	root	root	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	34	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	35	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	150	36	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	150	37	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	38	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	150	39	integrated	integrate	VERB
esutjss-38	150	40	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	150	41	i(0	i(0	PROPN
esutjss-38	150	42	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	43	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	150	44	i(1	i(1	NOUN
esutjss-38	150	45	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	150	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	151	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
esutjss-38	151	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	151	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	151	4	existence	existence	NOUN
esutjss-38	151	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	151	6	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	151	7	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	151	8	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	151	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	151	10	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	151	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	151	12	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	151	13	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	151	14	suggests	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	151	15	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	151	16	probability	probability	NOUN
esutjss-38	151	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	151	18	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	151	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	152	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	152	2	bound	bound	ADJ
esutjss-38	152	3	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	152	4	minimised	minimise	VERB
esutjss-38	152	5	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-38	152	6	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	152	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	152	8	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	152	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	152	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	152	11	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	152	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	153	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	153	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	153	3	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	153	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	153	5	bound	bound	ADJ
esutjss-38	153	6	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	7	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	8	has	have	VERB
esutjss-38	153	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	153	10	ability	ability	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	153	12	generate	generate	VERB
esutjss-38	153	13	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
esutjss-38	153	14	lags	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	15	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	153	16	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	153	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	153	19	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	153	21	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
esutjss-38	153	22	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	153	23	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	153	24	means	mean	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	25	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	153	26	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
esutjss-38	153	27	residual	residual	ADJ
esutjss-38	153	28	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	153	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	154	1	once	once	ADV
esutjss-38	154	2	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	154	3	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	154	4	no	no	DET
esutjss-38	154	5	serial	serial	ADJ
esutjss-38	154	6	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	154	7	then	then	ADV
esutjss-38	154	8	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	154	9	issue	issue	NOUN
esutjss-38	154	10	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	154	11	treated	treat	VERB
esutjss-38	154	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	155	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	155	2	dynamism	dynamism	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	3	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	155	4	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	155	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	155	6	transformation	transformation	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	155	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	155	9	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	10	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	155	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	155	12	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	155	14	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	155	15	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	155	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	155	18	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	19	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	155	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	155	21	optimal	optimal	ADJ
esutjss-38	155	22	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	23	length	length	NOUN
esutjss-38	155	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	156	1	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	156	2	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	156	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	156	5	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	6	transformed	transform	VERB
esutjss-38	156	7	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	156	8	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	156	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	156	10	akaike	akaike	ADJ
esutjss-38	156	11	information	information	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	12	criterion	criterion	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	156	14	aic	aic	PROPN
esutjss-38	156	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	156	16	due	due	ADP
esutjss-38	156	17	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	156	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	156	19	small	small	ADJ
esutjss-38	156	20	sample	sample	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	21	size	size	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	22	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	156	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	156	24	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	156	25	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	156	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	156	27	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	156	28	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	156	29	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	156	30	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	156	31	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	156	32	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	156	33	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	156	34	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	156	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	157	1	liew	liew	PROPN
esutjss-38	157	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	157	3	2004	2004	NUM
esutjss-38	157	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	157	5	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	157	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	157	7	aic	aic	PROPN
esutjss-38	157	8	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	157	9	most	most	ADV
esutjss-38	157	10	suitable	suitable	ADJ
esutjss-38	157	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	157	12	decide	decide	VERB
esutjss-38	157	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	157	14	optimal	optimal	ADJ
esutjss-38	157	15	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	157	16	length	length	NOUN
esutjss-38	157	17	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	157	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	157	19	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	157	20	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	157	21	smaller	small	ADJ
esutjss-38	157	22	sample	sample	NOUN
esutjss-38	157	23	size	size	NOUN
esutjss-38	157	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	158	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	158	4	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	5	distributed	distribute	VERB
esutjss-38	158	6	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	7	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	8	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	9	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	10	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	11	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	12	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	14	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	158	15	discussed	discuss	VERB
esutjss-38	158	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	158	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	158	18	next	next	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	19	section	section	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	21	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	158	22	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	158	23	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	158	24	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	158	25	capable	capable	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	158	27	providing	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	158	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	158	29	short	short	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	30	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	158	31	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	32	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	158	33	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	34	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	35	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	158	36	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	158	37	same	same	ADJ
esutjss-38	158	38	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	158	39	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	159	1	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	159	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	159	3	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	4	framework	framework	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	159	6	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	7	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	159	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	159	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	159	10	f	f	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	11	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	159	12	statistic	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	13	tested	test	VERB
esutjss-38	159	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	159	15	joint	joint	ADJ
esutjss-38	159	16	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	159	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	159	19	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	20	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	159	21	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	159	22	period	period	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	159	24	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	25	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	159	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	159	27	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	28	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	159	29	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	159	30	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	159	31	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	159	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	160	2	null	null	ADJ
esutjss-38	160	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	160	5	no	no	DET
esutjss-38	160	6	co	co	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	7	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	8	integration	integration	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	9	shows	show	VERB
esutjss-38	160	10	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	160	11	𝐻0	𝐻0	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	12	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	13	𝛽1	𝛽1	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	14	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	160	15	𝛽2	𝛽2	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	16	=	=	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	17	𝛽3	𝛽3	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	18	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	160	19	𝛽4	𝛽4	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	20	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	160	21	𝛽5	𝛽5	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	22	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	160	23	𝛽6	𝛽6	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	24	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	160	25	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	160	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	27	implies	imply	VERB
esutjss-38	160	28	non	non	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	29	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	30	existence	existence	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	31	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	160	32	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	33	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	34	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	160	35	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	160	36	alternative	alternative	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	37	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	160	38	𝐻𝐴	𝐻𝐴	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	39	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	40	𝛽1	𝛽1	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	41	≠	≠	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	42	𝛽2	𝛽2	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	43	≠	≠	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	44	𝛽3	𝛽3	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	45	≠	≠	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	46	𝛽4	𝛽4	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	47	≠≠	≠≠	ADV
esutjss-38	160	48	𝛽5	𝛽5	VERB
esutjss-38	160	49	≠	≠	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	50	𝛽6	𝛽6	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	51	≠	≠	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	52	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	160	53	where	where	SCONJ
esutjss-38	160	54	at	at	ADV
esutjss-38	160	55	least	least	ADV
esutjss-38	160	56	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	160	57	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	160	58	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	160	59	𝛽1	𝛽1	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	60	𝑡𝑜	𝑡𝑜	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	61	𝛽6	𝛽6	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	62	≠	≠	PROPN
esutjss-38	160	63	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	160	64	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	65	implies	imply	VERB
esutjss-38	160	66	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	160	67	existence	existence	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	68	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	160	69	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	160	70	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	160	71	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	161	1	𝛾1	𝛾1	PROPN
esutjss-38	161	2	𝑡𝑜	𝑡𝑜	PROPN
esutjss-38	161	3	𝛾6	𝛾6	VERB
esutjss-38	161	4	signifythe	signifythe	DET
esutjss-38	161	5	shortrun	shortrun	NOUN
esutjss-38	161	6	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
esutjss-38	161	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	161	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	161	9	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	161	10	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	161	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	161	12	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	161	13	6	6	NUM
esutjss-38	161	14	.	.	SYM
esutjss-38	161	15	11	11	NUM
esutjss-38	161	16	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	161	17	=	=	PUNCT
esutjss-38	162	1	𝛽0𝐴	𝛽0𝐴	DET
esutjss-38	162	2	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	162	3	𝛽1𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	𝛽1𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	162	4	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	162	5	𝛽2𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	𝛽2𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	ADJ
esutjss-38	162	6	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	162	7	𝛽3𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡−1	𝛽3𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡−1	X
esutjss-38	162	8	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	162	9	𝛽4𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡−1	𝛽4𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡−1	ADJ
esutjss-38	162	10	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	162	11	𝛽5𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	𝛽5𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	PUNCT
esutjss-38	162	12	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	162	13	𝛽6𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡−1	𝛽6𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	162	14	+	+	NUM
esutjss-38	162	15	∑	∑	PART
esutjss-38	162	16	𝛾1	𝛾1	PROPN
esutjss-38	162	17	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	162	18	𝑝	𝑝	NOUN
esutjss-38	162	19	𝑖=1	𝑖=1	PROPN
esutjss-38	163	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	163	2	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	163	3	𝛾2	𝛾2	VERB
esutjss-38	163	4	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	163	5	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	163	6	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	164	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	164	2	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	164	3	𝛾3	𝛾3	NOUN
esutjss-38	164	4	∆𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡−1	∆𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡−1	VERB
esutjss-38	164	5	𝑝	𝑝	ADP
esutjss-38	164	6	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	164	7	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	164	8	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	164	9	𝛾4	𝛾4	PROPN
esutjss-38	164	10	∆𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡−1	∆𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	164	11	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	164	12	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	165	2	∑	∑	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	3	𝛾5	𝛾5	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	4	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	5	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	6	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	7	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	165	8	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	165	9	𝛾6	𝛾6	NOUN
esutjss-38	165	10	∆𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡−1	∆𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡−1	NOUN
esutjss-38	165	11	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	12	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	13	+	+	NUM
esutjss-38	165	14	𝜇𝑡	𝜇𝑡	X
esutjss-38	165	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	165	16	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	165	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	165	18	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	19	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	165	20	𝛽0𝐵	𝛽0𝐵	NOUN
esutjss-38	165	21	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	165	22	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	165	23	𝛾1	𝛾1	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	24	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	165	25	𝑝	𝑝	NOUN
esutjss-38	165	26	𝑖=1	𝑖=1	PROPN
esutjss-38	166	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	166	2	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	166	3	𝛾2	𝛾2	VERB
esutjss-38	166	4	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	166	5	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	166	6	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	167	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	167	2	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	167	3	𝛾3	𝛾3	NOUN
esutjss-38	167	4	∆𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡−1	∆𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡−1	VERB
esutjss-38	167	5	𝑝	𝑝	ADP
esutjss-38	167	6	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	167	7	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	167	8	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	167	9	𝛾4	𝛾4	PROPN
esutjss-38	167	10	∆𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡−1	∆𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	167	11	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	167	12	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	168	2	∑	∑	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	3	𝛾5	𝛾5	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	4	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	5	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	6	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	7	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	168	8	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	168	9	𝛾6	𝛾6	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	10	∆𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡−1	∆𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡−1	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	11	𝑝	𝑝	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	12	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	13	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	168	14	𝜇𝑡𝐵	𝜇𝑡𝐵	ADJ
esutjss-38	168	15	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	168	17	bewley	bewley	PROPN
esutjss-38	168	18	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	19	sequel	sequel	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	20	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	168	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	168	22	bound	bind	VERB
esutjss-38	168	23	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	24	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	168	25	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	168	26	establish	establish	VERB
esutjss-38	168	27	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	168	28	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	29	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	168	30	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	168	31	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	32	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	168	33	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	168	34	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	168	35	relevant	relevant	ADJ
esutjss-38	168	36	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	168	37	reaffirm	reaffirm	VERB
esutjss-38	168	38	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	168	39	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	40	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	41	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	168	42	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	168	43	stake	stake	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	44	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	168	45	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	168	46	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	168	47	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	169	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	169	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	169	3	due	due	ADJ
esutjss-38	169	4	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	169	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	169	6	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	169	7	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	169	8	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	9	value	value	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	10	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	169	11	some	some	DET
esutjss-38	169	12	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	13	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	169	14	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	169	15	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	16	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	169	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	169	18	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	169	19	include	include	VERB
esutjss-38	169	20	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	169	22	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	23	measurements	measurement	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	169	25	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	169	26	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	27	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	169	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	170	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
esutjss-38	170	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	170	3	mehlum	mehlum	PROPN
esutjss-38	170	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	170	5	miguel	miguel	PROPN
esutjss-38	170	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	170	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	170	8	torvik	torvik	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	170	10	2006	2006	NUM
esutjss-38	170	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	170	12	did	do	AUX
esutjss-38	170	13	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	170	14	rule	rule	VERB
esutjss-38	170	15	out	out	ADP
esutjss-38	170	16	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	170	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	170	18	causal	causal	ADJ
esutjss-38	170	19	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	170	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	22	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	170	23	property	property	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	24	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	25	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	170	26	potentially	potentially	ADV
esutjss-38	170	27	subject	subject	ADJ
esutjss-38	170	28	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	170	29	bias	bias	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	30	due	due	ADP
esutjss-38	170	31	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	170	32	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	33	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	170	34	omitted	omit	VERB
esutjss-38	170	35	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	170	36	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	3	levitt	levitt	PROPN
esutjss-38	171	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-38	171	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	8	bourguignon	bourguignon	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	10	1999	1999	NUM
esutjss-38	171	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	13	adekoya	adekoya	VERB
esutjss-38	171	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	171	15	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	171	16	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	171	17	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	171	18	2018)contended	2018)contende	VERB
esutjss-38	171	19	that	that	DET
esutjss-38	171	20	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	21	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	171	22	internal	internal	ADJ
esutjss-38	171	23	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	24	have	have	VERB
esutjss-38	171	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	171	26	issue	issue	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	27	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	171	28	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	29	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	171	30	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	31	since	since	SCONJ
esutjss-38	171	32	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	171	33	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	171	34	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	35	may	may	AUX
esutjss-38	171	36	suggest	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	171	37	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	171	38	more	more	ADJ
esutjss-38	171	39	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	40	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	171	41	increase	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	42	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	43	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	171	44	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	172	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	172	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	172	3	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	172	4	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	172	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	172	6	ardl	ardl	PROPN
esutjss-38	172	7	ols	ol	NOUN
esutjss-38	172	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	172	9	becomes	become	VERB
esutjss-38	172	10	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
esutjss-38	172	11	provided	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	172	12	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	172	13	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	172	14	no	no	DET
esutjss-38	172	15	serial	serial	ADJ
esutjss-38	172	16	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	173	1	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	173	2	we	we	PRON
esutjss-38	173	3	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	173	4	more	more	ADV
esutjss-38	173	5	concerned	concerned	ADJ
esutjss-38	173	6	about	about	ADP
esutjss-38	173	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	173	8	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	173	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	173	10	simultaneity	simultaneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	173	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	173	12	avoid	avoid	VERB
esutjss-38	173	13	spurious	spurious	ADJ
esutjss-38	173	14	regression	regression	NOUN
esutjss-38	173	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	3	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	174	4	address	address	VERB
esutjss-38	174	5	potential	potential	ADJ
esutjss-38	174	6	bias	bias	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	7	caused	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	174	8	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	174	9	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	174	11	omitted	omit	VERB
esutjss-38	174	12	variable	variable	ADJ
esutjss-38	174	13	bias	bias	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	174	16	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	17	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
esutjss-38	174	18	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	20	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	21	iv	iv	NUM
esutjss-38	174	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	23	was	be	AUX
esutjss-38	174	24	employed	employ	VERB
esutjss-38	174	25	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	26	although	although	SCONJ
esutjss-38	174	27	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	174	28	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	174	29	standard	standard	ADJ
esutjss-38	174	30	error	error	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	31	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	174	32	ardl	ardl	PROPN
esutjss-38	174	33	ols	ols	PROPN
esutjss-38	174	34	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	174	35	identical	identical	ADJ
esutjss-38	174	36	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	174	37	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	38	iv	iv	NUM
esutjss-38	174	39	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	40	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	41	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	174	42	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	174	43	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	174	44	request	request	NOUN
esutjss-38	174	45	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	174	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	175	1	however	however	ADV
esutjss-38	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	175	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	175	4	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	175	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	175	6	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	175	7	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	175	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	175	9	since	since	SCONJ
esutjss-38	175	10	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	175	11	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	175	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	175	13	existence	existence	NOUN
esutjss-38	175	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	175	15	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	175	16	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	175	17	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	175	18	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	175	19	some	some	PRON
esutjss-38	175	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	175	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	175	22	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	175	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	176	1	notwithstanding	notwithstanding	ADP
esutjss-38	176	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	176	3	stučka	stučka	NOUN
esutjss-38	176	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	176	5	2004	2004	NUM
esutjss-38	176	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	176	7	affirmed	affirm	VERB
esutjss-38	176	8	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	176	9	once	once	ADV
esutjss-38	176	10	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	176	11	iv	iv	NUM
esutjss-38	176	12	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	176	13	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	176	14	estimation	estimation	NOUN
esutjss-38	176	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	176	16	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	176	17	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	176	18	no	no	DET
esutjss-38	176	19	need	need	NOUN
esutjss-38	176	20	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	176	21	test	test	VERB
esutjss-38	176	22	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	176	23	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	176	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	177	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	177	3	we	we	PRON
esutjss-38	177	4	dealt	deal	VERB
esutjss-38	177	5	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	177	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	177	7	potential	potential	ADJ
esutjss-38	177	8	bias	bias	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	9	caused	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	177	10	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	177	11	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	177	13	omitted	omit	VERB
esutjss-38	177	14	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	15	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	177	16	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	17	instrument	instrument	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	18	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	177	20	iv	iv	X
esutjss-38	177	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	177	22	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	177	23	rewritten	rewrite	VERB
esutjss-38	177	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	177	25	bewley	bewley	PROPN
esutjss-38	177	26	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	177	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	178	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	178	2	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	3	iv	iv	NUM
esutjss-38	178	4	allows	allow	VERB
esutjss-38	178	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	178	6	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	178	7	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	178	8	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	178	9	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	178	10	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	178	11	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	178	12	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	178	13	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	178	14	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	178	15	short	short	ADJ
esutjss-38	178	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	178	17	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	178	18	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	19	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	178	20	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	21	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	178	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	178	23	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	178	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	178	26	dependent	dependent	ADJ
esutjss-38	178	27	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	28	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	178	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	178	30	independent	independent	ADJ
esutjss-38	178	31	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	32	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	178	33	stučka	stučka	NOUN
esutjss-38	178	34	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	178	35	2004	2004	NUM
esutjss-38	178	36	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	178	37	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	179	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	179	3	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	179	4	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	179	5	overcomes	overcome	VERB
esutjss-38	179	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	179	7	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	179	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	179	9	whether	whether	SCONJ
esutjss-38	179	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	179	11	instrument	instrument	NOUN
esutjss-38	179	12	should	should	AUX
esutjss-38	179	13	correlate	correlate	VERB
esutjss-38	179	14	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	179	15	any	any	PRON
esutjss-38	179	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	179	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	179	18	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	179	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	180	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	180	2	addition	addition	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	180	4	inder	inder	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	180	6	1993	1993	NUM
esutjss-38	180	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	180	8	concluded	conclude	VERB
esutjss-38	180	9	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	180	10	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	180	11	ecm	ecm	PROPN
esutjss-38	180	12	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	180	13	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
esutjss-38	180	14	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	180	16	reparametrized	reparametrize	VERB
esutjss-38	180	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	180	18	bewley	bewley	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	19	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	20	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	21	bias	bias	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	22	problems	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	180	23	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	180	24	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
esutjss-38	180	25	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	180	26	reasonably	reasonably	ADV
esutjss-38	180	27	inconsequential	inconsequential	ADJ
esutjss-38	180	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	181	1	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	181	2	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	181	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	181	4	6	6	NUM
esutjss-38	181	5	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	181	6	reparametrized	reparametrize	VERB
esutjss-38	181	7	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	181	8	generate	generate	VERB
esutjss-38	181	9	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	181	10	7	7	NUM
esutjss-38	181	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	181	12	8	8	NUM
esutjss-38	181	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	181	14	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	181	15	pesaran	pesaran	PROPN
esutjss-38	181	16	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	181	17	shin	shin	PROPN
esutjss-38	181	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	181	19	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-38	181	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	181	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	182	4	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	182	5	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	182	6	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	182	8	short	short	ADJ
esutjss-38	182	9	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	10	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	11	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	182	12	expressed	express	VERB
esutjss-38	182	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	182	14	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	15	7	7	NUM
esutjss-38	182	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	182	17	8	8	NUM
esutjss-38	182	18	respectively	respectively	ADV
esutjss-38	182	19	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	182	20	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	182	21	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	22	selected	select	VERB
esutjss-38	182	23	model1	model1	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	25	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	182	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	27	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	182	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	29	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	182	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	31	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	182	32	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	33	0with	0with	NUM
esutjss-38	182	34	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	182	35	instruments	instrument	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	36	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	182	37	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	182	38	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	39	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1,𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1,𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	40	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	41	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	42	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	43	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	182	44	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	45	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	182	46	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	47	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	182	48	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	49	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	INTJ
esutjss-38	182	50	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	182	51	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡.	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡.	NOUN
esutjss-38	182	52	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	183	1	=	=	PUNCT
esutjss-38	183	2	𝑎𝑐0	𝑎𝑐0	NOUN
esutjss-38	183	3	∅(1	∅(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	183	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	184	1	+	+	NOUN
esutjss-38	184	2	𝜗1𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝜗1𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	184	3	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	184	4	𝜗2𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝜗2𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	184	5	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	184	6	𝜗3𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝜗3𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	184	7	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	184	8	𝜗4𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝜗4𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	184	9	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	184	10	𝜗5𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝜗5𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	184	11	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	184	12	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	184	13	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	184	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	184	15	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	184	16	𝜗6	𝜗6	VERB
esutjss-38	184	17	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	ADP
esutjss-38	184	18	𝑚1−1	𝑚1−1	X
esutjss-38	184	19	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	1	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	2	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	3	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	5	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	6	𝜗7	𝜗7	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	7	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	8	𝑚1−1	𝑚1−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	9	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	10	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	11	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	12	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	14	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	15	𝜗8	𝜗8	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	16	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	17	𝑚2−1	𝑚2−1	ADP
esutjss-38	185	18	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	19	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	20	𝜂𝑡	𝜂𝑡	ADP
esutjss-38	185	21	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	23	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	24	7	7	X
esutjss-38	185	25	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	26	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	27	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	185	28	𝑎𝑑0	𝑎𝑑0	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	29	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	30	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	31	+	+	SYM
esutjss-38	185	32	𝜗9𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝜗9𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	33	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	34	𝜗10𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝜗10𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	35	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	36	𝜗11𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝜗11𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	37	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	38	𝜗12𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	𝜗12𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	39	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	40	𝜗13𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	𝜗13𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	41	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	42	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	43	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	44	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	45	∑	∑	ADP
esutjss-38	185	46	𝜗14	𝜗14	VERB
esutjss-38	185	47	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	ADV
esutjss-38	185	48	𝑚1−1	𝑚1−1	X
esutjss-38	185	49	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	50	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	51	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	52	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	53	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	54	∑	∑	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	55	𝜗15	𝜗15	NUM
esutjss-38	185	56	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	57	𝑚1−1	𝑚1−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	58	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PROPN
esutjss-38	185	59	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	60	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	61	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	62	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	63	∑	∑	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	64	𝜗16	𝜗16	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	65	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	66	𝑚2−1	𝑚2−1	ADP
esutjss-38	185	67	𝑖=0	𝑖=0	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	68	+	+	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	69	𝜂𝑡	𝜂𝑡	ADP
esutjss-38	185	70	∅(1	∅(1	NUM
esutjss-38	185	71	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	72	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	185	73	8)	8)	NUM
esutjss-38	185	74	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	75	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	185	76	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	77	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	185	78	annual	annual	ADJ
esutjss-38	185	79	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	80	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	81	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	185	82	1970	1970	NUM
esutjss-38	185	83	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	185	84	2017	2017	NUM
esutjss-38	185	85	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	185	86	examine	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	185	87	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	185	88	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	89	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	185	90	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	185	91	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	92	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	185	93	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	94	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	185	95	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	185	96	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	186	1	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	2	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	186	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	186	4	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	186	5	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	6	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	186	8	𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	186	10	sourced	source	VERB
esutjss-38	186	11	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	186	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	186	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	186	14	bureau	bureau	PROPN
esutjss-38	186	15	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	186	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	186	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	186	19	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	20	annual	annual	ADJ
esutjss-38	186	21	reports	report	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	186	23	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	186	24	publications	publication	NOUN
esutjss-38	186	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	187	1	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	187	2	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	187	3	define	define	VERB
esutjss-38	187	4	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	187	5	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	187	6	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	187	7	committed	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	187	8	/	/	SYM
esutjss-38	187	9	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	187	10	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	187	11	multiply	multiply	NOUN
esutjss-38	187	12	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	187	13	100,000	100,000	NUM
esutjss-38	187	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	188	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	188	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	188	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	188	4	interest	interest	NOUN
esutjss-38	188	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	188	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	188	7	researcher	researcher	NOUN
esutjss-38	188	8	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	188	9	disaggregate	disaggregate	ADJ
esutjss-38	188	10	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	188	11	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	188	12	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	188	13	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	188	14	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	188	15	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	188	16	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	188	17	up	up	ADP
esutjss-38	188	18	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	188	19	date	date	NOUN
esutjss-38	188	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	189	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	189	2	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	3	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	189	5	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	189	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	189	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	189	9	inverse	inverse	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	189	11	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	189	13	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	189	14	capita	capita	X
esutjss-38	189	15	household	household	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	16	consumption	consumption	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	17	multiply	multiply	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	18	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	189	19	100	100	NUM
esutjss-38	189	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	189	21	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	189	22	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	189	23	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	189	24	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	25	obtained	obtain	VERB
esutjss-38	189	26	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	189	27	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	189	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	189	29	research	research	PROPN
esutjss-38	189	30	department	department	PROPN
esutjss-38	189	31	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	189	32	united	united	PROPN
esutjss-38	189	33	nations	nations	PROPN
esutjss-38	189	34	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	190	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	190	2	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	3	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	190	4	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	190	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	6	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	7	series	series	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	8	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	190	9	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	190	10	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	190	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	190	12	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	190	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	190	14	considered	consider	VERB
esutjss-38	190	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	190	16	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	17	13	13	NUM
esutjss-38	190	18	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	19	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	20	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	190	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	190	22	mata	mata	PROPN
esutjss-38	190	23	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	190	24	bollman	bollman	NOUN
esutjss-38	190	25	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	190	26	2007	2007	NUM
esutjss-38	190	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	190	28	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	1	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	191	2	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	191	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	191	5	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	6	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	191	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	191	8	underfive	underfive	ADJ
esutjss-38	191	9	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	11	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	191	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	13	andincome	andincome	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	14	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	16	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	18	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	191	19	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	191	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	191	21	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	22	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	23	%	%	INTJ
esutjss-38	191	24	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	191	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	191	26	gdp	gdp	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	27	per	per	ADP
esutjss-38	191	28	capita	capita	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	29	sourced	source	VERB
esutjss-38	191	30	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	191	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	191	32	world	world	PROPN
esutjss-38	191	33	development	development	PROPN
esutjss-38	191	34	indicator	indicator	NOUN
esutjss-38	191	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	1	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	192	2	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	3	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	4	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	6	proxy	proxy	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	7	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	192	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	192	9	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	10	index	index	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	11	sourced	source	VERB
esutjss-38	192	12	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	192	13	marshall	marshall	PROPN
esutjss-38	192	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	15	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	192	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	18	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	192	19	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	192	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	192	21	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	22	score	score	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	192	24	episode(s	episode(s	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	25	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	192	27	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	192	28	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	29	involving	involve	VERB
esutjss-38	192	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	192	31	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	32	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	192	33	each	each	DET
esutjss-38	192	34	year	year	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	35	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	192	36	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	192	37	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	192	38	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	192	39	scale	scale	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	40	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	192	41	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	192	42	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	43	lowest	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	192	44	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	45	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	192	46	10	10	NUM
esutjss-38	192	47	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	48	highest	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	192	49	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	50	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	192	51	non	non	ADJ
esutjss-38	192	52	-	-	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	53	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	54	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	192	55	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	192	56	denoted	denote	VERB
esutjss-38	192	57	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	192	58	zero	zero	NUM
esutjss-38	192	59	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	60	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	192	61	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	192	62	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	193	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	193	2	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	193	3	used	use	VERB
esutjss-38	193	4	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	193	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	193	6	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	193	7	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	193	8	associated	associate	VERB
esutjss-38	193	9	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	193	10	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	193	11	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	193	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	194	1	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	194	2	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	194	3	tensions	tension	NOUN
esutjss-38	194	4	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	194	5	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	194	6	hatred	hatred	NOUN
esutjss-38	194	7	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	194	8	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
esutjss-38	194	9	often	often	ADV
esutjss-38	194	10	cause	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	194	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	194	12	civil	civil	ADJ
esutjss-38	194	13	unrest	unrest	NOUN
esutjss-38	194	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	194	15	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	194	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	194	17	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	194	18	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	194	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	195	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	195	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	195	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	195	4	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	195	5	lawlessness	lawlessness	NOUN
esutjss-38	195	6	caused	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	195	7	bloodletting	bloodlette	VERB
esutjss-38	195	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	195	9	squabble	squabble	NOUN
esutjss-38	195	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	195	11	secrecy	secrecy	NOUN
esutjss-38	195	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	195	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	195	14	entire	entire	ADJ
esutjss-38	195	15	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-38	195	16	landscape	landscape	NOUN
esutjss-38	195	17	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	195	18	dike	dike	NOUN
esutjss-38	195	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	195	20	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	195	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	195	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	196	1	public	public	ADJ
esutjss-38	196	2	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	196	3	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	196	4	internal	internal	ADJ
esutjss-38	196	5	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	196	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	196	7	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	196	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	196	9	obtained	obtain	VERB
esutjss-38	196	10	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	196	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	196	12	central	central	ADJ
esutjss-38	196	13	bank	bank	PROPN
esutjss-38	196	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	196	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	196	16	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	196	17	annual	annual	ADJ
esutjss-38	196	18	reports	report	NOUN
esutjss-38	196	19	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	196	20	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	196	21	percentage	percentage	NOUN
esutjss-38	196	22	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	196	23	total	total	ADJ
esutjss-38	196	24	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	196	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	197	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	197	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	197	3	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	197	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	197	5	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	197	6	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	197	7	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	197	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	197	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	197	10	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
esutjss-38	197	11	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	197	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	198	1	results	result	VERB
esutjss-38	198	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	198	3	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
esutjss-38	198	4	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	198	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	198	6	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	198	7	employed	employ	VERB
esutjss-38	198	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	198	9	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	198	10	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	198	11	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	198	12	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	198	13	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	198	14	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	198	15	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	198	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	199	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	199	2	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	199	3	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	199	4	means	mean	VERB
esutjss-38	199	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	199	6	each	each	DET
esutjss-38	199	7	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	199	8	lies	lie	VERB
esutjss-38	199	9	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	199	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	199	11	minimum	minimum	ADJ
esutjss-38	199	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	199	13	maximum	maximum	ADJ
esutjss-38	199	14	values	value	NOUN
esutjss-38	199	15	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	199	16	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	199	17	means	mean	VERB
esutjss-38	199	18	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	199	19	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	199	20	fit	fit	ADJ
esutjss-38	199	21	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	199	22	further	further	ADJ
esutjss-38	199	23	estimation	estimation	NOUN
esutjss-38	199	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	200	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
esutjss-38	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	200	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	200	4	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	200	6	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	7	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	200	8	shows	show	VERB
esutjss-38	200	9	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	200	10	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	11	exist	exist	VERB
esutjss-38	200	12	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	200	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	14	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	200	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	17	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	200	19	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	200	20	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	200	21	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	200	23	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	200	24	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	25	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	26	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	200	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	201	1	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	201	2	instance	instance	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	201	4	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	201	5	correlations	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	6	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	201	7	89.85	89.85	NUM
esutjss-38	201	8	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	9	exist	exist	VERB
esutjss-38	201	10	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	201	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	12	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	201	14	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	15	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	201	17	86.88	86.88	NUM
esutjss-38	201	18	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	19	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	201	20	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	21	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	22	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	201	23	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	24	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	25	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	201	27	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	201	28	94.97	94.97	NUM
esutjss-38	201	29	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	30	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	201	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	201	32	case	case	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	33	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	201	34	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	35	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	36	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	201	37	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	38	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	201	39	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	202	1	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	202	2	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	202	3	correlations	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	4	suggested	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	202	5	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	202	6	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	202	7	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	202	9	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
esutjss-38	202	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	202	11	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	202	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	202	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	14	required	require	VERB
esutjss-38	202	15	estimation	estimation	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	16	technique	technique	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	202	18	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	202	19	can	can	AUX
esutjss-38	202	20	detect	detect	VERB
esutjss-38	202	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	202	22	minimize	minimize	VERB
esutjss-38	202	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	202	24	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	202	26	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	27	such	such	ADJ
esutjss-38	202	28	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	202	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	202	30	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
esutjss-38	202	31	distributed	distribute	VERB
esutjss-38	202	32	lagged	lag	VERB
esutjss-38	202	33	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	34	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	202	35	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	36	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	202	37	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	202	38	stage	stage	NOUN
esutjss-38	202	39	least	least	ADV
esutjss-38	202	40	square	square	ADJ
esutjss-38	202	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	203	1	table1	table1	PROPN
esutjss-38	203	2	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
esutjss-38	203	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	203	4	variables	variable	VERB
esutjss-38	203	5	observations	observation	NOUN
esutjss-38	203	6	median	median	ADJ
esutjss-38	203	7	mean	mean	NOUN
esutjss-38	203	8	std	std	PROPN
esutjss-38	203	9	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-38	203	10	dev	dev	PROPN
esutjss-38	203	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	204	1	minimum	minimum	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	2	maximum	maximum	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	3	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	4	48	48	NUM
esutjss-38	204	5	5.5138	5.5138	NUM
esutjss-38	204	6	5.2235	5.2235	NUM
esutjss-38	204	7	0.6718	0.6718	NUM
esutjss-38	204	8	4.0904	4.0904	NUM
esutjss-38	204	9	6.1619	6.1619	NUM
esutjss-38	204	10	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	11	48	48	NUM
esutjss-38	204	12	1.0000	1.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	13	1.3333	1.3333	NUM
esutjss-38	204	14	1.1361	1.1361	NUM
esutjss-38	204	15	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	16	4.0000	4.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	17	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	18	48	48	NUM
esutjss-38	204	19	8.3656	8.3656	NUM
esutjss-38	204	20	8.3289	8.3289	NUM
esutjss-38	204	21	0.1781	0.1781	NUM
esutjss-38	204	22	8.0117	8.0117	NUM
esutjss-38	204	23	8.5936	8.5936	NUM
esutjss-38	204	24	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	25	48	48	NUM
esutjss-38	204	26	208.0500	208.0500	NUM
esutjss-38	204	27	190.8250	190.8250	NUM
esutjss-38	204	28	47.1498	47.1498	NUM
esutjss-38	204	29	100.2000	100.2000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	30	283.7000	283.7000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	31	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	32	48	48	NUM
esutjss-38	204	33	1.6729	1.6729	NUM
esutjss-38	204	34	1.5310	1.5310	NUM
esutjss-38	204	35	7.6418	7.6418	NUM
esutjss-38	204	36	-15.4547	-15.4547	SYM
esutjss-38	204	37	30.3565	30.3565	NUM
esutjss-38	204	38	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	39	48	48	NUM
esutjss-38	204	40	22.2583	22.2583	NUM
esutjss-38	204	41	22.8628	22.8628	NUM
esutjss-38	204	42	2.7133	2.7133	NUM
esutjss-38	204	43	18.9513	18.9513	NUM
esutjss-38	204	44	27.2820	27.2820	NUM
esutjss-38	204	45	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	46	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	47	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	48	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	204	49	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	204	50	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	51	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	52	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	53	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	54	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	204	55	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	56	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	204	57	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	204	58	correlational	correlational	ADJ
esutjss-38	204	59	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	60	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	61	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	62	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	204	63	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	VERB
esutjss-38	204	64	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	ADJ
esutjss-38	204	65	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	66	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NUM
esutjss-38	204	67	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	68	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	69	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	70	-0.156709	-0.156709	NOUN
esutjss-38	204	71	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
esutjss-38	204	72	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	204	73	0.2875	0.2875	NUM
esutjss-38	204	74	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	204	75	----	----	PUNCT
esutjss-38	204	76	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	VERB
esutjss-38	204	77	0.898596	0.898596	NUM
esutjss-38	204	78	-0.171890	-0.171890	NOUN
esutjss-38	205	1	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
esutjss-38	205	2	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	205	3	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	205	4	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	205	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	205	6	0.2427	0.2427	NUM
esutjss-38	205	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	205	8	----	----	PUNCT
esutjss-38	205	9	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	VERB
esutjss-38	205	10	0.873804	0.873804	NUM
esutjss-38	205	11	-0.296938	-0.296938	NOUN
esutjss-38	206	1	0.772282	0.772282	NUM
esutjss-38	206	2	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
esutjss-38	206	3	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	206	4	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	206	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	206	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	206	7	0.0404	0.0404	NUM
esutjss-38	206	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	206	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	206	10	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	206	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	206	12	----	----	PUNCT
esutjss-38	207	1	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	ADJ
esutjss-38	207	2	-0.221820	-0.221820	NOUN
esutjss-38	207	3	0.086739	0.086739	NUM
esutjss-38	207	4	-0.227598	-0.227598	NOUN
esutjss-38	208	1	0.031927	0.031927	NUM
esutjss-38	208	2	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
esutjss-38	208	3	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	4	0.1297	0.1297	NUM
esutjss-38	208	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	7	0.5577	0.5577	NUM
esutjss-38	208	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	10	0.1198	0.1198	NUM
esutjss-38	208	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	12	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	13	0.8294	0.8294	NUM
esutjss-38	208	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	208	15	----	----	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	1	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	INTJ
esutjss-38	209	2	-0.949730	-0.949730	X
esutjss-38	209	3	0.232953	0.232953	NUM
esutjss-38	209	4	-0.868803	-0.868803	ADV
esutjss-38	209	5	-0.903601	-0.903601	VERB
esutjss-38	209	6	0.178475	0.178475	NUM
esutjss-38	209	7	1.000000	1.000000	NUM
esutjss-38	209	8	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	9	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	209	10	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	12	0.1111	0.1111	NUM
esutjss-38	209	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	15	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	209	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	17	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	18	0.0000	0.0000	NUM
esutjss-38	209	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	21	0.2249	0.2249	NUM
esutjss-38	209	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	209	23	----	----	PUNCT
esutjss-38	210	1	note	note	VERB
esutjss-38	210	2	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	210	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	210	4	probability	probability	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	5	values	value	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	6	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	210	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	210	8	parenthesis	parenthesis	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	210	10	whichindicates	whichindicate	VERB
esutjss-38	210	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	210	12	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	13	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	210	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	210	16	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	17	value	value	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	18	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	210	19	ensure	ensure	VERB
esutjss-38	210	20	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	210	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	210	22	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	23	employed	employ	VERB
esutjss-38	210	24	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	210	25	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	210	26	having	have	VERB
esutjss-38	210	27	serial	serial	ADJ
esutjss-38	210	28	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	210	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	210	31	augmented	augment	VERB
esutjss-38	210	32	dickeyfuller	dickeyfuller	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	33	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	210	34	adf	adf	PROPN
esutjss-38	210	35	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	210	36	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	210	37	phillip	phillip	PROPN
esutjss-38	210	38	perron	perron	PROPN
esutjss-38	210	39	unit	unit	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	40	root	root	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	41	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	210	42	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	210	43	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	210	44	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	211	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	211	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	211	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	211	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	211	5	stationarity	stationarity	NOUN
esutjss-38	211	6	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	211	7	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	211	8	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	211	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	211	10	table3	table3	PROPN
esutjss-38	211	11	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	211	12	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	211	13	all	all	DET
esutjss-38	211	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	211	15	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	211	16	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	211	17	integrated	integrate	VERB
esutjss-38	211	18	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	211	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	211	20	leveli	leveli	NOUN
esutjss-38	211	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	211	22	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	211	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	211	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	211	25	first	first	ADJ
esutjss-38	211	26	difference	difference	NOUN
esutjss-38	211	27	i(1	i(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	211	28	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	211	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	212	1	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	212	2	instance,𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	instance,𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	212	4	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	212	6	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	212	8	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	9	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	212	10	stationary	stationary	ADJ
esutjss-38	212	11	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	212	12	i(1	i(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	212	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	212	14	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	212	15	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	212	17	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	18	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	212	19	stationary	stationary	ADJ
esutjss-38	212	20	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	212	21	i(0	i(0	PROPN
esutjss-38	212	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	212	23	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	212	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	212	25	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	212	26	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	27	conducted	conduct	VERB
esutjss-38	212	28	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	212	29	exception	exception	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	30	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	212	31	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	32	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	212	33	only	only	ADV
esutjss-38	212	34	stationary	stationary	ADJ
esutjss-38	212	35	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	212	36	i(0	i(0	PROPN
esutjss-38	212	37	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	212	38	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	212	39	adf	adf	PROPN
esutjss-38	212	40	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	212	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	213	1	notwithstanding	notwithstanding	ADP
esutjss-38	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	213	3	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	213	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	213	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	213	6	bound	bound	ADJ
esutjss-38	213	7	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	213	8	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	213	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	213	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	213	11	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	213	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	214	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	214	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	214	3	possible	possible	ADJ
esutjss-38	214	4	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	214	5	determine	determine	VERB
esutjss-38	214	6	whether	whether	SCONJ
esutjss-38	214	7	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	214	8	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	214	9	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	214	10	integration	integration	NOUN
esutjss-38	214	11	order	order	NOUN
esutjss-38	214	12	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	214	13	jointly	jointly	ADV
esutjss-38	214	14	move	move	VERB
esutjss-38	214	15	together	together	ADV
esutjss-38	214	16	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	214	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	214	18	bound	bound	ADJ
esutjss-38	214	19	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	214	20	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	214	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	1	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	2	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	215	3	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	215	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	215	6	unit	unit	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	7	root	root	PROPN
esutjss-38	215	8	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	9	note	note	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	10	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	215	12	figures	figure	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	13	reported	report	VERB
esutjss-38	215	14	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	215	15	t	t	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	16	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	17	ratio	ratio	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	215	19	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	215	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	215	21	p	p	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	22	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	23	values	value	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	215	25	mackinnon	mackinnon	PROPN
esutjss-38	215	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	27	1996	1996	NUM
esutjss-38	215	28	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	29	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	215	30	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	215	31	sided	sided	ADJ
esutjss-38	215	32	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	215	33	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	215	34	levels	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	35	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	215	36	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	215	37	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	216	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	216	2	asterisks	asterisk	NOUN
esutjss-38	216	3	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	216	4	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	216	5	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	216	6	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	216	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	216	8	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	216	9	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	216	10	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	216	11	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	216	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	217	1	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	217	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	217	3	bound	bind	VERB
esutjss-38	217	4	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	5	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	6	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	217	7	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	217	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	217	10	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	11	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	217	12	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	217	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	217	14	null	null	ADJ
esutjss-38	217	15	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	217	17	no	no	DET
esutjss-38	217	18	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	19	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	217	20	reject	reject	VERB
esutjss-38	217	21	atthe1	atthe1	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	22	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	23	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	217	25	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	217	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	218	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	218	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	218	3	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	218	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	218	5	f	f	NOUN
esutjss-38	218	6	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	218	7	statistic	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	218	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	218	9	4.689	4.689	NUM
esutjss-38	218	10	lies	lie	NOUN
esutjss-38	218	11	above	above	ADP
esutjss-38	218	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	218	13	upper	upper	ADJ
esutjss-38	218	14	critical	critical	ADJ
esutjss-38	218	15	bound	bind	VERB
esutjss-38	218	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	218	17	4.15	4.15	NUM
esutjss-38	218	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	218	19	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	218	20	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	218	21	4	4	NUM
esutjss-38	218	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	218	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	219	1	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	219	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	219	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	219	4	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	219	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	219	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	219	7	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	219	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	219	9	cointegrated	cointegrate	VERB
esutjss-38	219	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	220	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
esutjss-38	220	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	220	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	220	4	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	220	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	220	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	220	7	long	long	ADV
esutjss-38	220	8	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	220	9	run	run	VERB
esutjss-38	220	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	220	11	short	short	ADJ
esutjss-38	220	12	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	220	13	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	220	14	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	220	15	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	220	16	bewley	bewley	PROPN
esutjss-38	220	17	variables	variables	PROPN
esutjss-38	220	18	model	model	PROPN
esutjss-38	220	19	lag	lag	PROPN
esutjss-38	220	20	length	length	NOUN
esutjss-38	220	21	augmented	augment	VERB
esutjss-38	220	22	dickey	dickey	PROPN
esutjss-38	220	23	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	220	24	fuller	full	ADJ
esutjss-38	220	25	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	220	26	prob	prob	PROPN
esutjss-38	220	27	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	1	value	value	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	2	phillip	phillip	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	3	perron	perron	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	4	statistics	statistics	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	5	prob	prob	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	6	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	7	value	value	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	8	decision	decision	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	9	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	10	intercept	intercept	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	12	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	13	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	221	14	-7.057	-7.057	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	15	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	16	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	17	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	18	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	19	-7.071	-7.071	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	20	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	21	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	22	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	23	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	24	i(1	i(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	25	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	26	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	27	intercept	intercept	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	29	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	30	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	221	31	-6.608	-6.608	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	32	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	33	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	34	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	35	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	36	-6.951	-6.951	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	37	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	38	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	39	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	40	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	41	i(1	i(1	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	42	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	43	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	VERB
esutjss-38	221	44	intercept	intercept	VERB
esutjss-38	221	45	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	46	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	47	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	221	48	-9.879	-9.879	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	49	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	50	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	51	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	52	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	53	-11.658	-11.658	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	54	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	55	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	56	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	57	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	58	i(1	i(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	59	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	60	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	61	intercept	intercept	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	62	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	63	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	64	0	0	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	65	-13.765	-13.765	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	66	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	67	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	68	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	69	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	70	-2.283	-2.283	NUM
esutjss-38	221	71	0.4343	0.4343	NUM
esutjss-38	221	72	i(0	i(0	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	73	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	74	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	75	intercept	intercept	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	76	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	77	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	78	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	221	79	-6.004	-6.004	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	80	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	81	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	82	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	83	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	84	-6.005	-6.005	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	85	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	86	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	87	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	88	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	89	i(0	i(0	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	90	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	91	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	92	intercept	intercept	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	93	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	94	trend	trend	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	95	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	221	96	-7.309	-7.309	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	97	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	98	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	99	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	100	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	101	-7.446	-7.446	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	102	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	103	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	104	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	105	0.000	0.000	NUM
esutjss-38	221	106	i(1	i(1	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	107	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	108	15	15	NUM
esutjss-38	221	109	equation	equation	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	110	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	221	111	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	221	112	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	113	instrument	instrument	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	114	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	115	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	116	iv	iv	X
esutjss-38	221	117	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	118	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	119	see	see	VERB
esutjss-38	221	120	pesaran	pesaran	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	121	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	221	122	shin	shin	PROPN
esutjss-38	221	123	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	124	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-38	221	125	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	221	126	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	221	127	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	221	128	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	221	129	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	130	4	4	NUM
esutjss-38	221	131	along	along	ADP
esutjss-38	221	132	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	221	133	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	221	134	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	135	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	221	136	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	221	137	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
esutjss-38	221	138	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	221	139	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	222	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	222	2	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	222	3	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	4	estimation	estimation	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	5	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	222	6	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	222	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	222	8	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	9	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	222	10	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	11	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	222	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	222	13	10	10	NUM
esutjss-38	222	14	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	15	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	222	17	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	222	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	223	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	223	2	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	223	3	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	223	4	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	223	5	increase	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	223	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	223	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	223	8	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	223	9	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	223	10	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	223	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	223	12	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	223	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	223	14	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	223	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	223	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	223	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	224	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	224	2	similar	similar	ADJ
esutjss-38	224	3	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	224	4	obtained	obtain	VERB
esutjss-38	224	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	224	6	altheimer	altheimer	NOUN
esutjss-38	224	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	224	8	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	224	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	224	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	224	11	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	224	12	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	224	13	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	224	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	224	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	225	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	225	2	addition	addition	NOUN
esutjss-38	225	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	225	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	225	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	225	6	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	225	7	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	225	8	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	225	9	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	225	10	both	both	ADV
esutjss-38	225	11	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	225	12	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	225	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	225	14	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	225	15	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	225	16	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	225	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	225	18	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	225	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	226	1	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	226	2	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	226	3	increase	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	226	5	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	226	6	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	226	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	226	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	10	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	11	leads	lead	VERB
esutjss-38	226	12	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	226	13	0.92	0.92	NUM
esutjss-38	226	14	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	226	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	226	17	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	18	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	226	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	226	21	under	under	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	22	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	226	23	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	226	24	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	25	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	226	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	226	27	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	28	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	29	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	226	30	0.004	0.004	NUM
esutjss-38	226	31	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	32	point	point	NOUN
esutjss-38	226	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	1	similar	similar	ADJ
esutjss-38	227	2	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	227	3	obtained	obtain	VERB
esutjss-38	227	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	227	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	227	6	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	227	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	227	8	poveda	poveda	NOUN
esutjss-38	227	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	10	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	227	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	13	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	227	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	15	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	227	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	18	rogers	roger	NOUN
esutjss-38	227	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	227	20	pridemore	pridemore	NOUN
esutjss-38	227	21	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	22	2013	2013	NUM
esutjss-38	227	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	227	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	228	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
esutjss-38	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	228	3	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	228	4	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	228	5	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	228	6	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-38	228	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	228	8	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	228	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	228	10	determining	determine	VERB
esutjss-38	228	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	228	12	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	228	13	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	228	14	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	228	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	228	16	10	10	NUM
esutjss-38	228	17	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	228	18	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	228	19	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	228	20	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	228	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	229	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	229	2	rise	rise	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	229	4	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	229	5	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	229	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	229	8	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	9	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	229	11	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	12	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	229	13	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	229	14	measure	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	229	16	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	229	17	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	229	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	229	20	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	21	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	22	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	229	23	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	229	24	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	229	25	0.014	0.014	NUM
esutjss-38	229	26	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	229	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	230	4	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	230	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	230	6	fajnzylber	fajnzylber	PROPN
esutjss-38	230	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	8	lederman	lederman	NOUN
esutjss-38	230	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	230	10	loayza	loayza	NOUN
esutjss-38	230	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	12	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-38	230	13	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	15	deller	deller	NOUN
esutjss-38	230	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	230	17	deller	deller	PROPN
esutjss-38	230	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	19	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	230	20	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	230	21	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	230	22	evidence	evidence	NOUN
esutjss-38	230	23	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	230	24	support	support	VERB
esutjss-38	230	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	230	26	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	230	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	231	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
esutjss-38	231	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	231	3	cerro	cerro	PROPN
esutjss-38	231	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	231	5	meloni	meloni	PROPN
esutjss-38	231	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	231	7	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-38	231	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	231	9	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	231	10	non	non	ADJ
esutjss-38	231	11	-	-	ADJ
esutjss-38	231	12	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	231	13	impact	impact	NOUN
esutjss-38	231	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	231	15	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	231	16	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	231	17	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	231	18	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	231	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	232	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	232	2	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	3	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	4	proxy	proxy	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	5	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	232	6	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	7	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	8	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	232	9	negative	negative	ADJ
esutjss-38	232	10	related	related	ADJ
esutjss-38	232	11	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	232	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	232	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	14	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	15	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	232	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	232	17	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	232	18	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	19	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	232	21	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	232	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	233	1	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	233	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	233	4	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	233	5	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	6	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	7	increases	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	8	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	233	9	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	233	10	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	233	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	233	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	14	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	15	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	233	16	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	233	17	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	233	18	0.120	0.120	NUM
esutjss-38	233	19	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	233	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	234	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	234	2	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	234	3	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	234	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	234	5	line	line	NOUN
esutjss-38	234	6	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	234	7	adekoyaand	adekoyaand	PROPN
esutjss-38	234	8	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	234	9	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	234	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	234	11	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	234	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	234	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	234	14	wu	wu	PROPN
esutjss-38	234	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	234	16	wu(2012	wu(2012	NOUN
esutjss-38	234	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	234	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	235	1	related	relate	VERB
esutjss-38	235	2	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	235	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	235	4	long	long	ADV
esutjss-38	235	5	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	235	6	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	7	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	235	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	235	10	result	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	235	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	235	13	short	short	ADJ
esutjss-38	235	14	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	235	15	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	16	revealed	reveal	VERB
esutjss-38	235	17	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	235	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	235	20	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	235	21	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	235	22	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	23	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	235	24	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	235	25	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	235	26	determine	determine	VERB
esutjss-38	235	27	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	28	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	235	29	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	235	30	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	235	31	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	32	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	33	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	235	34	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	235	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	236	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	236	2	means	mean	VERB
esutjss-38	236	3	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	236	4	increase	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	236	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	236	6	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	236	7	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	236	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	236	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	236	10	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	236	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	236	12	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	236	13	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	236	14	0.468	0.468	NUM
esutjss-38	236	15	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	236	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	237	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	237	2	addition	addition	NOUN
esutjss-38	237	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	237	4	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	237	5	increase	increase	NOUN
esutjss-38	237	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	237	7	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	237	8	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	237	9	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	237	10	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	237	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	237	12	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	237	13	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	237	14	0.002	0.002	NUM
esutjss-38	237	15	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	237	16	point	point	NOUN
esutjss-38	237	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	238	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
esutjss-38	238	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	238	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	238	4	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	5	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	6	proxy	proxy	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	7	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	238	8	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	9	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	10	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	238	11	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	238	12	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	238	13	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	238	14	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	238	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	238	17	short	short	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	18	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	238	19	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	20	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	238	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	238	22	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	238	23	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	24	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	238	26	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	238	27	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	239	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	239	2	rise	rise	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	3	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	239	4	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	239	5	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	239	7	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	8	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	9	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	239	10	assist	assist	VERB
esutjss-38	239	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	239	12	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	239	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	239	14	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	239	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	17	detection	detection	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	18	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	239	19	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	239	20	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	239	21	possibility	possibility	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	22	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	239	23	apprehend	apprehend	VERB
esutjss-38	239	24	criminals	criminal	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	25	thereby	thereby	ADV
esutjss-38	239	26	leading	lead	VERB
esutjss-38	239	27	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	239	28	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	239	29	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	30	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	239	31	crimeby0.060	crimeby0.060	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	32	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	239	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	1	adenuga	adenuga	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	2	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	3	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	240	5	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	240	6	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	7	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	8	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	9	table	table	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	10	4	4	NUM
esutjss-38	240	11	estimates	estimate	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	240	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	240	14	ardl	ardl	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	15	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	16	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	17	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	240	18	bewley	bewley	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	19	’s	’s	PART
esutjss-38	240	20	regression	regression	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	21	form	form	VERB
esutjss-38	240	22	dependent	dependent	ADJ
esutjss-38	240	23	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	24	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	25	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	26	critical	critical	ADJ
esutjss-38	240	27	bounds	bound	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	28	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	29	f	f	X
esutjss-38	240	30	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	31	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	32	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	33	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	240	34	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	35	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	36	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	37	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	38	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	240	39	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	40	specification	specification	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	41	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	42	lower	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	240	43	3.06	3.06	NUM
esutjss-38	240	44	adj	adj	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	45	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	46	r	r	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	47	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	48	square=0.970	square=0.970	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	49	hq=-1.146	hq=-1.146	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	50	upper	upper	ADJ
esutjss-38	240	51	4.15	4.15	NUM
esutjss-38	240	52	sb=-0.925	sb=-0.925	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	53	aic*=-1.279	aic*=-1.279	PROPN
esutjss-38	240	54	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	55	specification	specification	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	56	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	240	57	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	58	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	240	59	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	60	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	240	61	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	62	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	240	63	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	64	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	240	65	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	66	0	0	NUM
esutjss-38	240	67	f	f	X
esutjss-38	240	68	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	69	statistic	statistic	ADJ
esutjss-38	240	70	4.689	4.689	NUM
esutjss-38	240	71	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	72	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	73	sign	sign	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	74	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	75	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	76	cointegrated	cointegrate	VERB
esutjss-38	240	77	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	240	78	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	240	79	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	240	80	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	1	k	k	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	2	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	241	3	long	long	ADV
esutjss-38	241	4	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	5	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	6	estimates	estimate	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	7	𝐶	𝐶	PROPN
esutjss-38	241	8	-0.738	-0.738	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	9	-0.181	-0.181	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	10	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	11	0.061	0.061	NUM
esutjss-38	241	12	1.793	1.793	NUM
esutjss-38	241	13	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	14	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	15	0.926	0.926	NUM
esutjss-38	241	16	2.227	2.227	NUM
esutjss-38	241	17	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	18	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	19	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	241	20	0.004	0.004	NUM
esutjss-38	241	21	2.284	2.284	NUM
esutjss-38	241	22	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	23	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	24	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	25	-0.014	-0.014	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	26	-1.860	-1.860	X
esutjss-38	241	27	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	28	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NUM
esutjss-38	241	29	-0.120	-0.120	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	30	-2.885	-2.885	NOUN
esutjss-38	241	31	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	32	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	241	33	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	1	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	∆𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	NUM
esutjss-38	242	2	-0.122	-0.122	ADJ
esutjss-38	242	3	-2.446	-2.446	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	4	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	5	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	6	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	∆𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	7	0.009	0.009	NUM
esutjss-38	242	8	1.808	1.808	NUM
esutjss-38	242	9	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	10	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	∆𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	11	-0.978	-0.978	ADV
esutjss-38	242	12	-2.580	-2.580	ADJ
esutjss-38	242	13	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	14	*	*	ADJ
esutjss-38	242	15	short	short	ADJ
esutjss-38	242	16	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	17	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	18	estimates	estimate	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	19	𝐶	𝐶	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	20	-0.373	-0.373	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	21	-0.180	-0.180	VERB
esutjss-38	242	22	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡−1	VERB
esutjss-38	242	23	-0.505	-0.505	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	24	-5.216	-5.216	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	25	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	26	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	27	*	*	VERB
esutjss-38	242	28	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	29	-0.030	-0.030	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	30	-1.244	-1.244	ADP
esutjss-38	242	31	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	32	0.468	0.468	NUM
esutjss-38	242	33	2.034	2.034	NUM
esutjss-38	242	34	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	35	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	36	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	37	0.002	0.002	NUM
esutjss-38	242	38	2.021	2.021	NUM
esutjss-38	242	39	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	40	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	41	-0.002	-0.002	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	42	-0.824	-0.824	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	43	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NUM
esutjss-38	242	44	-0.060	-0.060	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	45	-2.725	-2.725	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	46	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	47	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	48	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	49	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡−1	VERB
esutjss-38	242	50	0.061	0.061	NUM
esutjss-38	242	51	2.454	2.454	NUM
esutjss-38	242	52	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	53	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	54	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡−1	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	55	-0.004	-0.004	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	56	-1.725	-1.725	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	57	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	58	diagnostics	diagnostic	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	59	tests	test	VERB
esutjss-38	242	60	𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚	𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	61	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	62	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	63	𝝌𝑵	𝝌𝑵	X
esutjss-38	242	64	𝟐	𝟐	NUM
esutjss-38	242	65	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	66	𝐽𝐵	𝐽𝐵	PROPN
esutjss-38	242	67	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	242	68	8.658	8.658	NUM
esutjss-38	242	69	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	70	0.013	0.013	NUM
esutjss-38	242	71	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	242	72	𝑲𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒔	𝑲𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒔	NOUN
esutjss-38	242	73	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	1	=	=	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	2	4.492	4.492	NUM
esutjss-38	243	3	𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍	𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍	PROPN
esutjss-38	243	4	𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏	𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏	PROPN
esutjss-38	243	5	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	7	𝝌𝑺𝑪	𝝌𝑺𝑪	ADV
esutjss-38	243	8	𝟐	𝟐	NUM
esutjss-38	243	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	10	𝜒2	𝜒2	ADP
esutjss-38	243	11	=	=	SYM
esutjss-38	243	12	0.038	0.038	NUM
esutjss-38	243	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	14	0.845	0.845	NUM
esutjss-38	243	15	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	16	𝑯𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚	𝑯𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	17	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	19	𝝌𝑯	𝝌𝑯	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	20	𝟐	𝟐	NUM
esutjss-38	243	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	22	𝜒2	𝜒2	ADP
esutjss-38	243	23	=	=	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	24	9.048	9.048	NUM
esutjss-38	243	25	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	26	0.338	0.338	NUM
esutjss-38	243	27	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	28	note	note	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	29	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	30	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	243	31	asterisk	asterisk	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	32	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	33	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	34	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	35	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	243	36	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	243	37	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	243	38	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	243	39	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	40	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	243	41	significant	significant	ADJ
esutjss-38	243	42	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	243	43	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	243	44	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	45	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	46	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	47	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	48	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	49	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	50	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	51	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	243	52	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	53	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	54	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	55	*	*	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	56	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	57	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	243	58	10	10	NUM
esutjss-38	243	59	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	60	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	61	*	*	NOUN
esutjss-38	243	62	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	243	63	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	244	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	244	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	244	4	null	null	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	244	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	244	7	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
esutjss-38	244	8	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	9	𝜒𝐻	𝜒𝐻	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	10	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	244	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	244	12	𝜒𝑁	𝜒𝑁	VERB
esutjss-38	244	13	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	244	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	244	15	𝜒𝑆𝐶	𝜒𝑆𝐶	NUM
esutjss-38	244	16	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	244	17	arereject	arereject	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	18	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	244	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	244	20	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	244	21	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	22	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	244	24	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	244	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	1	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	2	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	245	3	defined	define	VERB
esutjss-38	245	4	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	245	5	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	6	is𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	is𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑅𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	7	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	245	8	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	245	9	dependent	dependent	ADJ
esutjss-38	245	10	variable	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	11	while	while	SCONJ
esutjss-38	245	12	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	245	13	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	15	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	245	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	20	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	𝑃𝑂𝑉𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	23	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	245	24	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	245	25	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	26	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	27	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	𝑀𝑅𝑈𝑡	PROPN
esutjss-38	245	28	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	30	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	31	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	32	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	245	33	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	34	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	35	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	𝐺𝑅𝑃𝐶𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	36	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	37	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	245	38	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	39	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	40	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	41	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	𝑙𝑛𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑡	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	42	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	245	43	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	245	44	independent	independent	ADJ
esutjss-38	245	45	variables	variable	NOUN
esutjss-38	245	46	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	246	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	246	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	246	3	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	4	specification	specification	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	246	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	246	7	f	f	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	8	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	246	9	stat	stat	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	10	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	246	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	246	12	bounds	bound	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	13	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	14	based	base	VERB
esutjss-38	246	15	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	246	16	critical	critical	ADJ
esutjss-38	246	17	upper	upper	ADJ
esutjss-38	246	18	bounds	bound	NOUN
esutjss-38	246	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	247	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	247	2	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
esutjss-38	247	3	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	247	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
esutjss-38	247	5	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	247	6	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	247	7	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	247	8	run	run	VERB
esutjss-38	247	9	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
esutjss-38	247	10	estimated	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	247	11	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	247	12	robust	robust	ADJ
esutjss-38	247	13	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	247	14	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	247	15	implementation	implementation	NOUN
esutjss-38	247	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	248	1	these	these	DET
esutjss-38	248	2	tests	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	248	3	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	248	4	normality	normality	ADJ
esutjss-38	248	5	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	248	6	functionality	functionality	NOUN
esutjss-38	248	7	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	248	8	serial	serial	ADJ
esutjss-38	248	9	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	248	10	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	248	11	heteroscedasticity	heteroscedasticity	NOUN
esutjss-38	248	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	248	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	248	14	structural	structural	ADJ
esutjss-38	248	15	stability	stability	NOUN
esutjss-38	248	16	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	248	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	249	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	249	2	normality	normality	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	3	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	249	5	𝜒𝑁	𝜒𝑁	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	6	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	249	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	249	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	249	9	jarque	jarque	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	10	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	249	11	bera	bera	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	12	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	249	13	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	249	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	249	15	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	16	failed	fail	VERB
esutjss-38	249	17	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	249	18	pass	pass	VERB
esutjss-38	249	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	249	20	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	21	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	249	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	249	23	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	249	24	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	25	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	249	27	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	28	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	249	29	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	249	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	249	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	249	32	kurtosis	kurtosis	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	33	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	249	34	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	35	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	249	36	4.492	4.492	NUM
esutjss-38	249	37	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	249	38	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	249	39	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	249	40	excess	excess	NOUN
esutjss-38	249	41	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	250	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	250	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	250	4	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	250	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	250	6	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	250	7	kurtosis	kurtosis	NOUN
esutjss-38	250	8	were	be	AUX
esutjss-38	250	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	250	10	excess	excess	NOUN
esutjss-38	250	11	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	250	12	indicate	indicate	VERB
esutjss-38	250	13	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	250	14	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	250	15	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	250	16	normal	normal	ADJ
esutjss-38	250	17	distribution	distribution	NOUN
esutjss-38	250	18	following	follow	VERB
esutjss-38	250	19	saridakis	saridaki	NOUN
esutjss-38	250	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	250	21	2011	2011	NUM
esutjss-38	250	22	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	250	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	251	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	251	2	addition	addition	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	251	4	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	251	5	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	6	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	251	7	no	no	DET
esutjss-38	251	8	traces	trace	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	251	10	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	11	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	251	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	251	13	chi	chi	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	14	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	251	15	squared	square	VERB
esutjss-38	251	16	tool	tool	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	251	18	lm	lm	PROPN
esutjss-38	251	19	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	20	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	251	21	𝜒𝑆𝐶	𝜒𝑆𝐶	X
esutjss-38	251	22	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	251	23	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	251	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	251	25	breusch	breusch	ADJ
esutjss-38	251	26	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	251	27	godfrey	godfrey	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	28	serial	serial	ADJ
esutjss-38	251	29	17	17	NUM
esutjss-38	251	30	correlation	correlation	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	31	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	251	32	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	33	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	251	34	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	251	35	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	251	36	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	37	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	38	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	251	39	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	251	40	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	252	1	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	252	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	252	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	252	4	chi	chi	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	5	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	252	6	squared	square	VERB
esutjss-38	252	7	tool	tool	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	8	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	252	9	breusch	breusch	ADJ
esutjss-38	252	10	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	252	11	pagangodfrey	pagangodfrey	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	12	heteroskedasticity	heteroskedasticity	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	13	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	252	15	𝜒𝐻	𝜒𝐻	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	16	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	252	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	252	18	showed	show	VERB
esutjss-38	252	19	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	252	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	252	21	models	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	22	passed	pass	VERB
esutjss-38	252	23	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	252	24	test	test	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	25	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	252	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	252	27	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	252	28	%	%	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	29	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	30	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	252	31	significance	significance	NOUN
esutjss-38	252	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	253	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	2	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	253	3	paper	paper	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	4	examined	examine	VERB
esutjss-38	253	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	253	6	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	253	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	253	9	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	10	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	253	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	12	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	253	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	14	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	15	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	253	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	253	17	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	253	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	254	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	254	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	254	3	found	find	VERB
esutjss-38	254	4	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	254	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	254	6	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	254	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	9	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	254	10	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	11	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	254	12	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	254	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	254	14	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	254	15	confirmed	confirm	VERB
esutjss-38	254	16	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	254	17	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	254	18	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	254	19	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	254	20	various	various	ADJ
esutjss-38	254	21	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	254	22	diversities	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	23	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	254	24	frustrated	frustrate	VERB
esutjss-38	254	25	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	254	26	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	254	27	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	254	28	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	254	29	hardship	hardship	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	254	31	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	254	32	stress	stress	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	33	induced	induce	VERB
esutjss-38	254	34	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	254	35	them	they	PRON
esutjss-38	254	36	encourage	encourage	VERB
esutjss-38	254	37	them	they	PRON
esutjss-38	254	38	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	254	39	engage	engage	VERB
esutjss-38	254	40	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	254	41	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	254	42	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	255	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
esutjss-38	255	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	255	3	ebbe	ebbe	X
esutjss-38	255	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	255	5	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	255	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	255	7	affirmed	affirm	VERB
esutjss-38	255	8	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	255	9	children	child	NOUN
esutjss-38	255	10	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	255	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	255	12	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	255	13	or	or	CCONJ
esutjss-38	255	14	slum	slum	NOUN
esutjss-38	255	15	area	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	255	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	255	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	255	18	engage	engage	VERB
esutjss-38	255	19	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	255	20	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	255	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	256	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	256	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	256	3	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	256	4	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	256	5	deprivation	deprivation	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	6	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	256	7	associated	associate	VERB
esutjss-38	256	8	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	256	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	256	10	lack	lack	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	256	12	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	256	14	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	256	15	situation	situation	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	16	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	256	17	has	have	AUX
esutjss-38	256	18	caused	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	256	19	much	much	ADJ
esutjss-38	256	20	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	21	especially	especially	ADV
esutjss-38	256	22	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	256	23	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-38	256	24	cities	city	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	25	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	256	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	256	27	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	28	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	256	29	brennan	brennan	NOUN
esutjss-38	256	30	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	256	31	galvin	galvin	PROPN
esutjss-38	256	32	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	256	33	2002	2002	NUM
esutjss-38	256	34	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	256	35	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	257	1	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	257	2	most	most	ADJ
esutjss-38	257	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	257	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	257	5	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-38	257	6	cities	city	NOUN
esutjss-38	257	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	257	8	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	257	9	areas	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	257	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	257	11	characterised	characterise	VERB
esutjss-38	257	12	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	257	13	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	257	14	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	257	15	density	density	NOUN
esutjss-38	257	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	257	17	heterogeneous	heterogeneous	ADJ
esutjss-38	257	18	form	form	NOUN
esutjss-38	257	19	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	257	20	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	257	21	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	257	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	258	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	258	2	different	different	ADJ
esutjss-38	258	3	group	group	NOUN
esutjss-38	258	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	258	5	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	258	6	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	258	7	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	258	8	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	258	9	themselves	themselves	PRON
esutjss-38	258	10	even	even	ADV
esutjss-38	258	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	258	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	258	13	midst	midst	NOUN
esutjss-38	258	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	258	15	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	258	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	258	17	them	they	PRON
esutjss-38	258	18	engaging	engage	VERB
esutjss-38	258	19	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	258	20	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	258	21	related	relate	VERB
esutjss-38	258	22	matter	matter	NOUN
esutjss-38	258	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	259	1	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	259	2	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	259	3	became	become	VERB
esutjss-38	259	4	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	259	5	becomes	become	VERB
esutjss-38	259	6	uneasy	uneasy	ADJ
esutjss-38	259	7	for	for	SCONJ
esutjss-38	259	8	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	259	9	agents	agent	NOUN
esutjss-38	259	10	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	259	11	detect	detect	VERB
esutjss-38	259	12	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	259	13	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	259	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	259	15	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	259	16	number	number	NOUN
esutjss-38	259	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	259	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	259	19	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	259	20	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	259	21	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	259	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	259	23	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	259	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	260	2	possibility	possibility	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	260	4	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	260	5	hinged	hinge	VERB
esutjss-38	260	6	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	260	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	260	8	fact	fact	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	260	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	260	11	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	12	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	260	13	confronted	confront	VERB
esutjss-38	260	14	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	260	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	16	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	260	17	affect	affect	VERB
esutjss-38	260	18	their	their	PRON
esutjss-38	260	19	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	20	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	21	these	these	PRON
esutjss-38	260	22	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	260	23	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	260	24	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	25	low	low	ADJ
esutjss-38	260	26	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	27	capacity	capacity	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	28	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	260	29	gather	gather	VERB
esutjss-38	260	30	facts	fact	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	31	relating	relate	VERB
esutjss-38	260	32	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	260	33	actual	actual	ADJ
esutjss-38	260	34	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	35	committed	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	260	36	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	37	ojedokun	ojedokun	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	38	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	39	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	260	40	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	41	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	260	42	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	260	43	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	44	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	260	45	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	260	46	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	260	47	lack	lack	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	48	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	260	49	modern	modern	ADJ
esutjss-38	260	50	equipment	equipment	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	51	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	260	52	combat	combat	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	53	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	260	54	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	260	55	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	260	56	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	57	otu	otu	PROPN
esutjss-38	260	58	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	59	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	260	60	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	260	61	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	261	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	261	2	state	state	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	261	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	261	5	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	261	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	261	8	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	9	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	261	10	fair	fair	ADJ
esutjss-38	261	11	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	261	12	discourage	discourage	VERB
esutjss-38	261	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	14	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	261	15	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	261	16	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	261	17	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	18	featured	feature	VERB
esutjss-38	261	19	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	261	20	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	261	21	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	261	23	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	24	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	261	25	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	261	26	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	261	27	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	28	required	require	VERB
esutjss-38	261	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
esutjss-38	261	30	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	261	31	invigorate	invigorate	VERB
esutjss-38	261	32	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	261	33	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	262	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	262	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	262	3	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	262	4	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	262	5	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	262	6	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	7	improve	improve	VERB
esutjss-38	262	8	three	three	NUM
esutjss-38	262	9	thing	thing	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	10	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	262	11	emerged	emerge	VERB
esutjss-38	262	12	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	262	13	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	262	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	262	15	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	262	16	creates	create	VERB
esutjss-38	262	17	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	262	18	better	well	ADJ
esutjss-38	262	19	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	20	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	262	21	enhance	enhance	VERB
esutjss-38	262	22	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	23	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	262	24	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	262	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	262	26	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	262	27	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	262	28	high	high	ADJ
esutjss-38	262	29	possibility	possibility	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	30	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	262	31	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	262	32	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	33	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	262	34	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	262	35	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	262	36	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	37	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	262	38	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	262	39	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	40	due	due	ADP
esutjss-38	262	41	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	262	42	improved	improved	ADJ
esutjss-38	262	43	welfare	welfare	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	44	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	262	45	lastly	lastly	ADV
esutjss-38	262	46	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	262	47	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	262	48	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	262	49	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	262	50	demotivated	demotivate	VERB
esutjss-38	262	51	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	262	52	engage	engage	VERB
esutjss-38	262	53	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	262	54	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	262	55	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	262	56	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	263	1	further	far	ADV
esutjss-38	263	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	263	3	sanction	sanction	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	263	5	detection	detection	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	6	prevents	prevent	VERB
esutjss-38	263	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	263	8	criminal	criminal	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	9	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	263	10	commit	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	263	11	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	12	because	because	SCONJ
esutjss-38	263	13	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	263	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	263	15	fear	fear	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	263	17	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	18	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	263	19	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	263	20	weight	weight	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	263	22	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	23	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	263	24	apprehension	apprehension	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	25	over	over	ADP
esutjss-38	263	26	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	263	27	gain	gain	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	28	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	263	29	committing	commit	VERB
esutjss-38	263	30	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	263	31	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	263	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	264	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
esutjss-38	264	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	264	3	increasing	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	264	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	264	5	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	264	6	presence	presence	NOUN
esutjss-38	264	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	264	8	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	264	9	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	264	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
esutjss-38	264	11	serves	serve	VERB
esutjss-38	264	12	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	264	13	demotivate	demotivate	VERB
esutjss-38	264	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	264	15	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	264	16	engaging	engage	VERB
esutjss-38	264	17	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	264	18	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	264	19	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	264	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	264	21	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	264	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	265	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
esutjss-38	265	2	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	265	3	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	265	4	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	265	5	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	265	6	heterogeneous	heterogeneous	ADJ
esutjss-38	265	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	265	8	nature	nature	NOUN
esutjss-38	265	9	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	265	10	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	265	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	266	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
esutjss-38	266	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	266	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	266	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	266	5	adenuga	adenuga	ADJ
esutjss-38	266	6	fabian	fabian	ADJ
esutjss-38	266	7	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	266	8	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	266	9	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	266	10	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	266	11	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	266	12	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	266	13	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	266	14	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	266	15	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	266	16	increases	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	266	17	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	266	18	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	266	19	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	266	20	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	266	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	267	1	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	267	3	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	4	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	267	6	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	7	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	8	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	267	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	267	10	deterrence	deterrence	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	11	measure	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	12	causes	cause	VERB
esutjss-38	267	13	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	14	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	267	15	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	267	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	268	1	thus	thus	ADV
esutjss-38	268	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	268	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	268	4	results	result	NOUN
esutjss-38	268	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
esutjss-38	268	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	268	7	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	268	8	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	268	9	informed	inform	VERB
esutjss-38	268	10	that	that	SCONJ
esutjss-38	268	11	there	there	PRON
esutjss-38	268	12	is	be	VERB
esutjss-38	268	13	need	need	NOUN
esutjss-38	268	14	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	268	15	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	268	16	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	268	17	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	268	18	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	268	19	same	same	ADJ
esutjss-38	268	20	reduce	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	268	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	268	22	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	268	23	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	268	24	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	268	25	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	269	1	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	269	2	do	do	VERB
esutjss-38	269	3	so	so	ADV
esutjss-38	269	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	269	5	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	269	6	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	269	7	suggested	suggest	VERB
esutjss-38	269	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	269	9	following	follow	VERB
esutjss-38	269	10	policies	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	269	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	270	1	adequate	adequate	ADJ
esutjss-38	270	2	measures	measure	NOUN
esutjss-38	270	3	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	270	4	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
esutjss-38	270	5	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	270	6	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	270	7	must	must	AUX
esutjss-38	270	8	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	270	9	pursed	purse	VERB
esutjss-38	270	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	271	1	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	2	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	3	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	271	4	key	key	ADJ
esutjss-38	271	5	sectors	sector	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	6	that	that	PRON
esutjss-38	271	7	could	could	AUX
esutjss-38	271	8	generate	generate	VERB
esutjss-38	271	9	viable	viable	ADJ
esutjss-38	271	10	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	11	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	271	12	employment	employment	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	13	must	must	AUX
esutjss-38	271	14	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	271	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	271	16	focused	focused	ADJ
esutjss-38	271	17	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	271	18	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	271	19	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	20	makers	maker	NOUN
esutjss-38	271	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	272	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	272	2	shall	shall	AUX
esutjss-38	272	3	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	272	4	job	job	NOUN
esutjss-38	272	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	272	6	enhanced	enhance	VERB
esutjss-38	272	7	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	272	8	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	272	9	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	272	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	272	11	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	272	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	272	13	which	which	PRON
esutjss-38	272	14	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	272	15	capable	capable	ADJ
esutjss-38	272	16	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	272	17	move	move	VERB
esutjss-38	272	18	them	they	PRON
esutjss-38	272	19	out	out	ADP
esutjss-38	272	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	272	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	272	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	273	1	promoting	promote	VERB
esutjss-38	273	2	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	273	3	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	4	vide	vide	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	5	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	273	7	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	8	sector	sector	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	9	affords	affords	ADJ
esutjss-38	273	10	reduction	reduction	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	273	12	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	273	13	especially	especially	ADV
esutjss-38	273	14	among	among	ADP
esutjss-38	273	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	273	16	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	273	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	274	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	274	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	274	3	necessary	necessary	ADJ
esutjss-38	274	4	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	274	5	two	two	NUM
esutjss-38	274	6	reasons	reason	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	7	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	274	8	one	one	NUM
esutjss-38	274	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	274	10	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	274	11	subsidies	subsidie	VERB
esutjss-38	274	12	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	274	13	money	money	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	14	spent	spend	VERB
esutjss-38	274	15	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	274	16	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	274	17	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	274	18	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	274	19	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	20	bills	bill	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	274	22	thereby	thereby	ADV
esutjss-38	274	23	complementing	complement	VERB
esutjss-38	274	24	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	274	25	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	26	earn	earn	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	27	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	274	28	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	274	29	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	274	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	274	31	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	274	32	secondly	secondly	ADV
esutjss-38	274	33	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	274	34	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	274	35	aid	aid	VERB
esutjss-38	274	36	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	274	37	poor	poor	ADJ
esutjss-38	274	38	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	274	39	access	access	VERB
esutjss-38	274	40	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	274	41	good	good	ADJ
esutjss-38	274	42	health	health	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	43	care	care	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	44	facilities	facility	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	45	thereby	thereby	ADV
esutjss-38	274	46	reducing	reduce	VERB
esutjss-38	274	47	under	under	ADP
esutjss-38	274	48	five	five	NUM
esutjss-38	274	49	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	274	50	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	275	1	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	275	2	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	275	3	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	275	4	must	must	AUX
esutjss-38	275	5	be	be	AUX
esutjss-38	275	6	pursed	purse	VERB
esutjss-38	275	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	276	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	276	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	276	3	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	276	4	provide	provide	VERB
esutjss-38	276	5	adequate	adequate	ADJ
esutjss-38	276	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	276	7	improve	improve	VERB
esutjss-38	276	8	security	security	NOUN
esutjss-38	276	9	personnel	personnel	NOUN
esutjss-38	276	10	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	276	11	modern	modern	ADJ
esutjss-38	276	12	skills	skill	NOUN
esutjss-38	276	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	276	14	equipment	equipment	NOUN
esutjss-38	276	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	277	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	277	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	277	3	important	important	ADJ
esutjss-38	277	4	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	277	5	detect	detect	VERB
esutjss-38	277	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	277	7	combat	combat	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	8	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	9	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	277	10	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	277	11	come	come	VERB
esutjss-38	277	12	up	up	ADP
esutjss-38	277	13	with	with	ADP
esutjss-38	277	14	up	up	ADP
esutjss-38	277	15	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	277	16	date	date	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	17	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	18	statistics	statistic	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	19	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	277	20	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	277	21	enhance	enhance	VERB
esutjss-38	277	22	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	277	23	image	image	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	277	25	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	277	26	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	27	;	;	PUNCT
esutjss-38	277	28	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	277	29	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	277	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	277	31	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	277	32	boost	boost	VERB
esutjss-38	277	33	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	277	34	growth	growth	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	35	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
esutjss-38	277	36	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	277	37	less	less	ADJ
esutjss-38	277	38	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	277	39	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	40	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	277	41	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	277	42	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	43	would	would	AUX
esutjss-38	277	44	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
esutjss-38	277	45	more	more	ADJ
esutjss-38	277	46	investment	investment	NOUN
esutjss-38	277	47	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	278	1	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	278	2	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	278	3	has	have	AUX
esutjss-38	278	4	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	278	5	been	be	AUX
esutjss-38	278	6	without	without	ADP
esutjss-38	278	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
esutjss-38	278	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	278	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	278	10	area	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	278	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	278	12	data	data	PROPN
esutjss-38	278	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	279	1	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	279	2	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	279	3	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	279	4	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	279	5	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	279	6	up	up	ADP
esutjss-38	279	7	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	279	8	date	date	NOUN
esutjss-38	279	9	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	279	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	279	11	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	279	12	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	279	13	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	279	14	ones	one	NOUN
esutjss-38	279	15	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	279	16	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	279	17	easy	easy	ADJ
esutjss-38	279	18	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	279	19	obtain	obtain	VERB
esutjss-38	279	20	from	from	ADP
esutjss-38	279	21	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	279	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	279	23	police	police	PROPN
esutjss-38	279	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	280	1	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	280	2	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	280	3	also	also	ADV
esutjss-38	280	4	common	common	ADJ
esutjss-38	280	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	280	6	other	other	ADJ
esutjss-38	280	7	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	280	8	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	280	9	wu	wu	PROPN
esutjss-38	280	10	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	280	11	wu	wu	PROPN
esutjss-38	280	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	280	13	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	280	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	280	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	281	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
esutjss-38	281	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	281	3	time	time	NOUN
esutjss-38	281	4	series	series	PROPN
esutjss-38	281	5	data	data	PROPN
esutjss-38	281	6	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	281	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	281	8	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	281	9	not	not	PART
esutjss-38	281	10	available	available	ADJ
esutjss-38	281	11	but	but	CCONJ
esutjss-38	281	12	this	this	PRON
esutjss-38	281	13	is	be	AUX
esutjss-38	281	14	overcome	overcome	VERB
esutjss-38	281	15	by	by	ADP
esutjss-38	281	16	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	281	17	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	281	18	proxy	proxy	NOUN
esutjss-38	281	19	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	281	20	it	it	PRON
esutjss-38	281	21	as	as	SCONJ
esutjss-38	281	22	earlier	early	ADV
esutjss-38	281	23	discussed	discuss	VERB
esutjss-38	281	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	282	1	notwithstanding	notwithstanding	ADV
esutjss-38	282	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	282	3	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	282	4	estimates	estimate	NOUN
esutjss-38	282	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	282	6	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	282	7	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	282	8	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	282	9	robust	robust	ADJ
esutjss-38	282	10	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	282	11	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	282	12	implementation	implementation	NOUN
esutjss-38	282	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	283	1	future	future	ADJ
esutjss-38	283	2	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	283	3	are	be	AUX
esutjss-38	283	4	required	require	VERB
esutjss-38	283	5	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	283	6	test	test	VERB
esutjss-38	283	7	this	this	DET
esutjss-38	283	8	link	link	NOUN
esutjss-38	283	9	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	283	10	panel	panel	NOUN
esutjss-38	283	11	data	datum	NOUN
esutjss-38	283	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	283	13	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	283	14	country	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	283	15	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	284	1	references	reference	NOUN
esutjss-38	284	2	adekoya	adekoya	VERB
esutjss-38	284	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	284	4	a.	a.	PROPN
esutjss-38	284	5	f.	f.	PROPN
esutjss-38	284	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	284	7	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	284	8	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	284	9	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	284	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	284	11	n.	n.	NOUN
esutjss-38	284	12	a.	a.	NOUN
esutjss-38	285	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	285	2	2018).“unemployment	2018).“unemployment	NUM
esutjss-38	285	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	285	4	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	285	5	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	285	6	ardl	ardl	NOUN
esutjss-38	285	7	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	285	8	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	285	9	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	285	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	1	ensayosrevista	ensayosrevista	PROPN
esutjss-38	286	2	de	de	PROPN
esutjss-38	286	3	economía	economía	PROPN
esutjss-38	286	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	5	37	37	NUM
esutjss-38	286	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	7	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	286	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	10	155	155	NUM
esutjss-38	286	11	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	286	12	176	176	NUM
esutjss-38	286	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	14	altheimer	altheimer	PROPN
esutjss-38	286	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	16	i.	i.	NOUN
esutjss-38	286	17	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	18	2008	2008	NUM
esutjss-38	286	19	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	286	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	2	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	287	3	support	support	NOUN
esutjss-38	287	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	5	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	287	6	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	287	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	287	9	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	287	10	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	11	across	across	ADP
esutjss-38	287	12	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	13	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-38	287	14	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	287	15	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	287	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	288	1	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	288	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	288	3	criminal	criminal	ADJ
esutjss-38	288	4	justice	justice	NOUN
esutjss-38	288	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	288	6	36	36	NUM
esutjss-38	288	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	288	8	103–114	103–114	NUM
esutjss-38	288	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	289	1	becker	becker	PROPN
esutjss-38	289	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	289	3	g.	g.	PROPN
esutjss-38	289	4	s.	s.	PROPN
esutjss-38	289	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	289	6	1968	1968	NUM
esutjss-38	289	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	289	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	290	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	290	2	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	290	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	290	4	punishment	punishment	NOUN
esutjss-38	290	5	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	290	6	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	290	7	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	290	8	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	290	9	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	290	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	1	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	291	3	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-38	291	4	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	6	66	66	NUM
esutjss-38	291	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	8	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	291	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	11	169	169	NUM
esutjss-38	291	12	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	291	13	121	121	NUM
esutjss-38	291	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	15	bourguignon	bourguignon	PROPN
esutjss-38	291	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	17	f.	f.	PROPN
esutjss-38	291	18	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	19	1999).“crime	1999).“crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	20	as	as	ADP
esutjss-38	291	21	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	291	22	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	291	23	cost	cost	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	24	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	291	25	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	26	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	291	27	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	28	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	29	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	291	30	review	review	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	31	focusing	focus	VERB
esutjss-38	291	32	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	291	33	developing	develop	VERB
esutjss-38	291	34	countries	country	NOUN
esutjss-38	291	35	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	291	36	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	292	1	desarrolloysociedad	desarrolloysociedad	PROPN
esutjss-38	292	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	292	3	44	44	NUM
esutjss-38	292	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	292	5	61	61	NUM
esutjss-38	292	6	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	292	7	99	99	NUM
esutjss-38	292	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	293	1	cerro	cerro	PROPN
esutjss-38	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	293	3	a.	a.	NOUN
esutjss-38	293	4	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-38	293	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	293	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	293	7	meloni	meloni	PROPN
esutjss-38	293	8	o.	o.	PROPN
esutjss-38	293	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	293	10	2000	2000	NUM
esutjss-38	293	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	293	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	294	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	294	2	determinants	determinant	NOUN
esutjss-38	294	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	294	4	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	294	5	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	294	6	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	294	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	294	8	argentina	argentina	PROPN
esutjss-38	294	9	during	during	ADP
esutjss-38	294	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	294	11	‘	'	PUNCT
esutjss-38	294	12	90s	90	NOUN
esutjss-38	294	13	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	294	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	295	1	estudios	estudios	PROPN
esutjss-38	295	2	de	de	PROPN
esutjss-38	295	3	economía	economía	PROPN
esutjss-38	295	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	295	5	27	27	NUM
esutjss-38	295	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	295	7	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	295	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	295	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	295	10	297	297	NUM
esutjss-38	295	11	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	295	12	311	311	NUM
esutjss-38	295	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	296	1	cherry	cherry	NOUN
esutjss-38	296	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	296	3	t.	t.	PROPN
esutjss-38	296	4	l.	l.	PROPN
esutjss-38	296	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	296	6	1999).“unobserved	1999).“unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	296	7	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	296	8	bias	bias	NOUN
esutjss-38	296	9	when	when	SCONJ
esutjss-38	296	10	estimating	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	296	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	296	12	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	296	13	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	296	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	296	15	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	296	16	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	296	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	297	1	applied	apply	VERB
esutjss-38	297	2	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	297	3	letters	letter	NOUN
esutjss-38	297	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	297	5	6	6	NUM
esutjss-38	297	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	297	7	753–757	753–757	NUM
esutjss-38	297	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	298	1	deller	deller	PROPN
esutjss-38	298	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	298	3	s.	s.	PROPN
esutjss-38	298	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	298	5	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	298	6	deller	deller	PROPN
esutjss-38	298	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	298	8	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-38	298	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	298	10	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	298	11	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	298	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	2	spatial	spatial	ADJ
esutjss-38	299	3	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	299	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	5	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	299	6	capital	capital	NOUN
esutjss-38	299	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	299	9	rural	rural	ADJ
esutjss-38	299	10	larceny	larceny	NOUN
esutjss-38	299	11	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	299	12	burglary”.rural	burglary”.rural	NUM
esutjss-38	299	13	sociology,77(2	sociology,77(2	PROPN
esutjss-38	299	14	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	15	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	16	225–253	225–253	NUM
esutjss-38	299	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	18	de	de	PROPN
esutjss-38	299	19	soysa	soysa	PROPN
esutjss-38	299	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	21	i.	i.	PROPN
esutjss-38	299	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	23	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	299	24	noel	noel	PROPN
esutjss-38	299	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	26	c.	c.	PROPN
esutjss-38	299	27	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	28	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	299	29	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	299	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	300	1	does	do	AUX
esutjss-38	300	2	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	300	3	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	300	4	increase	increase	VERB
esutjss-38	300	5	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	300	6	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	300	7	?	?	PUNCT
esutjss-38	301	1	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	301	2	global	global	ADJ
esutjss-38	301	3	19	19	NUM
esutjss-38	301	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	301	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	301	6	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	301	7	rates	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	301	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	301	9	1995–2013	1995–2013	NUM
esutjss-38	301	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	302	1	european	european	ADJ
esutjss-38	302	2	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	302	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	302	4	criminology	criminology	NOUN
esutjss-38	302	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	302	6	1–24	1–24	PROPN
esutjss-38	302	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	303	1	ebbe	ebbe	NOUN
esutjss-38	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	303	3	o	o	NOUN
esutjss-38	303	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	303	5	n.	n.	PROPN
esutjss-38	303	6	i.	i.	PROPN
esutjss-38	303	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	303	8	1989	1989	NUM
esutjss-38	303	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	303	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	304	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	304	2	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	3	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	304	4	delinquency	delinquency	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	304	6	metropolitan	metropolitan	ADJ
esutjss-38	304	7	lagos	lago	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	8	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	304	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	304	10	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	304	12	"	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	304	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	304	15	delinquency	delinquency	PROPN
esutjss-38	304	16	area	area	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	17	"	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	304	18	theory	theory	NOUN
esutjss-38	304	19	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	304	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	1	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	305	2	forces	force	NOUN
esutjss-38	305	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	4	67	67	NUM
esutjss-38	305	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	6	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	305	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	9	751	751	NUM
esutjss-38	305	10	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	305	11	765	765	NUM
esutjss-38	305	12	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	13	ehrlich	ehrlich	PROPN
esutjss-38	305	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	15	i.	i.	NOUN
esutjss-38	305	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	305	17	1973	1973	NUM
esutjss-38	305	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	306	1	participation	participation	NOUN
esutjss-38	306	2	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	306	3	illegitimate	illegitimate	ADJ
esutjss-38	306	4	activities	activity	NOUN
esutjss-38	306	5	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	306	6	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	306	7	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
esutjss-38	306	8	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	306	9	empirical	empirical	ADJ
esutjss-38	306	10	investigation.journal	investigation.journal	ADJ
esutjss-38	306	11	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	306	12	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-38	306	13	economy	economy	NOUN
esutjss-38	306	14	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	306	15	81	81	NUM
esutjss-38	306	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	306	17	521–567	521–567	NUM
esutjss-38	306	18	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	1	fajnzylber	fajnzylber	PROPN
esutjss-38	307	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	3	p.	p.	NOUN
esutjss-38	307	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	5	lederman	lederman	PROPN
esutjss-38	307	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	7	d.	d.	PROPN
esutjss-38	307	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	9	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	307	10	loayza	loayza	NOUN
esutjss-38	307	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	12	n.	n.	NOUN
esutjss-38	307	13	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	14	2002).“inequality	2002).“inequality	NUM
esutjss-38	307	15	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	307	16	violent	violent	ADJ
esutjss-38	307	17	crime”.journal	crime”.journal	ADJ
esutjss-38	307	18	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	307	19	law	law	NOUN
esutjss-38	307	20	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	307	21	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	307	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	23	45	45	NUM
esutjss-38	307	24	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	25	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	307	26	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	27	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	307	28	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	307	29	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	307	30	39	39	NUM
esutjss-38	307	31	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	308	1	hansmann	hansmann	PROPN
esutjss-38	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	308	3	h.	h.	PROPN
esutjss-38	308	4	b.	b.	PROPN
esutjss-38	308	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	308	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	308	7	quigley	quigley	PROPN
esutjss-38	308	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	308	9	j.m	j.m	PROPN
esutjss-38	308	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	308	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	308	12	1982).“population	1982).“population	NUM
esutjss-38	308	13	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	308	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	308	15	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	308	16	sociogenesis	sociogenesis	NOUN
esutjss-38	308	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	308	18	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	308	19	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	309	1	”social	”social	ADJ
esutjss-38	309	2	forces	force	NOUN
esutjss-38	309	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	309	4	61(1	61(1	NOUN
esutjss-38	309	5	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	309	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	309	7	206	206	NUM
esutjss-38	309	8	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	309	9	244	244	NUM
esutjss-38	309	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	310	1	inder	inder	PROPN
esutjss-38	310	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	310	3	b.	b.	PROPN
esutjss-38	310	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	310	5	1993	1993	NUM
esutjss-38	310	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	310	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	2	estimating	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	311	3	long	long	ADJ
esutjss-38	311	4	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	5	run	run	NOUN
esutjss-38	311	6	relationships	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-38	311	7	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	311	8	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	311	9	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	10	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	311	11	comparison	comparison	NOUN
esutjss-38	311	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	311	13	differentapproaches”.journal	differentapproaches”.journal	ADJ
esutjss-38	311	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	311	15	econometrics	econometric	NOUN
esutjss-38	311	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	17	57	57	NUM
esutjss-38	311	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	19	53–68	53–68	NUM
esutjss-38	311	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	21	inyang	inyang	PROPN
esutjss-38	311	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	23	j.	j.	PROPN
esutjss-38	311	24	d.	d.	PROPN
esutjss-38	311	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	26	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	311	27	abraham	abraham	PROPN
esutjss-38	311	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	311	29	u.	u.	PROPN
esutjss-38	311	30	e.	e.	PROPN
esutjss-38	312	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	312	2	2013).“the	2013).“the	DET
esutjss-38	312	3	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	312	4	problem	problem	NOUN
esutjss-38	312	5	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	312	6	kidnapping	kidnapping	NOUN
esutjss-38	312	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	312	8	its	its	PRON
esutjss-38	312	9	implications	implication	NOUN
esutjss-38	312	10	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	312	11	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	312	12	socio	socio	NOUN
esutjss-38	312	13	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	312	14	economicdevelopment	economicdevelopment	NOUN
esutjss-38	312	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	312	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	312	17	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	312	18	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	312	19	study	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	312	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	312	21	uyo	uyo	PROPN
esutjss-38	312	22	metropolis	metropolis	PROPN
esutjss-38	312	23	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	312	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	313	1	mediterranean	mediterranean	PROPN
esutjss-38	313	2	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	313	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	313	4	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	313	5	sciences	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	313	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	313	7	4(6	4(6	NUM
esutjss-38	313	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	313	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	313	10	531	531	NUM
esutjss-38	313	11	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	313	12	544	544	NUM
esutjss-38	313	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	314	1	levitt	levitt	PROPN
esutjss-38	314	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	314	3	s.	s.	PROPN
esutjss-38	314	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	314	5	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-38	314	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	314	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	315	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	315	2	using	use	VERB
esutjss-38	315	3	electoral	electoral	ADJ
esutjss-38	315	4	cycles	cycle	NOUN
esutjss-38	315	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	315	6	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	315	7	hiring	hire	VERB
esutjss-38	315	8	to	to	PART
esutjss-38	315	9	estimate	estimate	VERB
esutjss-38	315	10	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	315	11	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	315	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	315	13	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	315	14	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	315	15	crime”.american	crime”.american	ADJ
esutjss-38	315	16	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	315	17	review	review	NOUN
esutjss-38	315	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	315	19	87	87	NUM
esutjss-38	315	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	315	21	270–290	270–290	NUM
esutjss-38	315	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	316	1	marshall	marshall	PROPN
esutjss-38	316	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	316	3	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-38	316	4	g.	g.	PROPN
esutjss-38	316	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	316	6	2016	2016	NUM
esutjss-38	316	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	316	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	317	1	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-38	317	2	episodes	episode	NOUN
esutjss-38	317	3	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	317	4	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-38	317	5	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	317	6	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	317	7	mepv	mepv	INTJ
esutjss-38	317	8	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	317	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	317	10	conflict	conflict	NOUN
esutjss-38	317	11	regions	region	NOUN
esutjss-38	317	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	317	13	1946	1946	NUM
esutjss-38	317	14	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	317	15	2015	2015	NUM
esutjss-38	317	16	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	318	1	center	center	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	2	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	318	3	systemic	systemic	ADJ
esutjss-38	318	4	peace	peace	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	5	<	<	X
esutjss-38	318	6	www.systemicpeace.org	www.systemicpeace.org	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	7	>	>	X
esutjss-38	318	8	codebook	codebook	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	9	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	318	10	major	major	ADJ
esutjss-38	318	11	episodes	episode	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	12	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	318	13	political	political	ADJ
esutjss-38	318	14	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	318	16	mepv2015	mepv2015	PROPN
esutjss-38	318	17	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	318	18	page	page	NOUN
esutjss-38	318	19	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	318	20	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	318	21	17	17	NUM
esutjss-38	318	22	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	319	1	mata	mata	PROPN
esutjss-38	319	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	319	3	f.	f.	PROPN
esutjss-38	319	4	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	319	5	bollman	bollman	PROPN
esutjss-38	319	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	319	7	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	319	8	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	319	9	2007	2007	NUM
esutjss-38	319	10	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	319	11	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	320	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	320	2	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	320	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	320	4	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	320	5	socio	socio	NOUN
esutjss-38	320	6	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	320	7	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	320	8	strains	strain	NOUN
esutjss-38	320	9	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	320	10	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	320	11	gains	gain	NOUN
esutjss-38	320	12	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	320	13	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	320	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	320	15	rural	rural	ADJ
esutjss-38	320	16	communities	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	320	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	320	18	canada	canada	PROPN
esutjss-38	320	19	1981	1981	NUM
esutjss-38	320	20	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	320	21	2001	2001	NUM
esutjss-38	320	22	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	320	23	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	1	canadian	canadian	ADJ
esutjss-38	321	2	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	321	3	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	321	4	population	population	NOUN
esutjss-38	321	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	6	34	34	NUM
esutjss-38	321	7	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	8	2	2	NUM
esutjss-38	321	9	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	10	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	11	191	191	NUM
esutjss-38	321	12	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	321	13	215	215	NUM
esutjss-38	321	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	15	mehlum	mehlum	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	16	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	17	h.	h.	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	19	miguel	miguel	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	21	e.	e.	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	23	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	321	24	torvik	torvik	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	26	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	27	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	28	2006).“poverty	2006).“poverty	NUM
esutjss-38	321	29	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	321	30	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	321	31	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	321	32	19th	19th	ADJ
esutjss-38	321	33	century	century	NOUN
esutjss-38	321	34	germany	germany	PROPN
esutjss-38	321	35	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	321	36	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	1	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	322	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	322	3	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	322	4	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	322	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	6	59	59	NUM
esutjss-38	322	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	8	370–388	370–388	NUM
esutjss-38	322	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	10	merton	merton	PROPN
esutjss-38	322	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	12	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	322	13	k.	k.	PROPN
esutjss-38	322	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	15	1938	1938	NUM
esutjss-38	322	16	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	322	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	323	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	323	2	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	323	3	structure	structure	NOUN
esutjss-38	323	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	323	5	anomie”.american	anomie”.american	ADJ
esutjss-38	323	6	sociological	sociological	ADJ
esutjss-38	323	7	review	review	NOUN
esutjss-38	323	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	323	9	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	323	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	323	11	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	323	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	323	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	323	14	672	672	NUM
esutjss-38	323	15	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	323	16	682	682	NUM
esutjss-38	323	17	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	324	1	ojedokun	ojedokun	PROPN
esutjss-38	324	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	324	3	u.a	u.a	PROPN
esutjss-38	324	4	.	.	PROPN
esutjss-38	324	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	324	6	2014	2014	NUM
esutjss-38	324	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	324	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	325	1	contributing	contribute	VERB
esutjss-38	325	2	factors	factor	NOUN
esutjss-38	325	3	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	325	4	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	325	5	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	325	6	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	325	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	325	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	326	1	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	326	2	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-38	326	3	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	326	4	theory	theory	NOUN
esutjss-38	326	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	326	6	practice	practice	NOUN
esutjss-38	326	7	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	326	8	principles	principle	NOUN
esutjss-38	326	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	326	10	87	87	NUM
esutjss-38	326	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	326	12	41–48	41–48	NUM
esutjss-38	326	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	327	1	otu	otu	PROPN
esutjss-38	327	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	327	3	n.	n.	PROPN
esutjss-38	327	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	327	5	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	327	6	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	327	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	328	1	balanced	balanced	ADJ
esutjss-38	328	2	policing	policing	NOUN
esutjss-38	328	3	model	model	NOUN
esutjss-38	328	4	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	328	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	328	6	republic	republic	NOUN
esutjss-38	328	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	328	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
esutjss-38	328	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	1	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	329	2	police	police	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	3	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	5	85	85	NUM
esutjss-38	329	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	7	235	235	NUM
esutjss-38	329	8	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	329	9	253	253	NUM
esutjss-38	329	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	11	ouimet	ouimet	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	13	m.	m.	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	14	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	15	2012).“a	2012).“a	NUM
esutjss-38	329	16	world	world	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	329	18	homicides	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	19	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	329	21	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	329	23	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	329	24	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	25	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	26	income	income	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	27	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	29	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	329	30	excess	excess	ADJ
esutjss-38	329	31	infant	infant	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	32	mortality	mortality	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	33	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	329	34	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	329	35	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	36	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	329	37	for	for	ADP
esutjss-38	329	38	165countries	165countries	PROPN
esutjss-38	329	39	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	329	40	2010	2010	NUM
esutjss-38	329	41	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	329	42	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	330	1	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	330	2	studies	study	NOUN
esutjss-38	330	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	330	4	16	16	NUM
esutjss-38	330	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	330	6	238	238	NUM
esutjss-38	330	7	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	330	8	258	258	NUM
esutjss-38	330	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	331	1	pesaran	pesaran	VERB
esutjss-38	331	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	331	3	m.	m.	PROPN
esutjss-38	331	4	h.	h.	PROPN
esutjss-38	331	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	331	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	331	7	shin	shin	PROPN
esutjss-38	331	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	331	9	y.	y.	PROPN
esutjss-38	331	10	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	331	11	1997	1997	NUM
esutjss-38	331	12	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	331	13	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	332	1	an	an	DET
esutjss-38	332	2	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
esutjss-38	332	3	distributed	distribute	VERB
esutjss-38	332	4	lag	lag	NOUN
esutjss-38	332	5	modelling	modelling	NOUN
esutjss-38	332	6	approach	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	332	7	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	332	8	cointegration	cointegration	NOUN
esutjss-38	332	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	332	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	333	1	revised	revise	VERB
esutjss-38	333	2	paper	paper	NOUN
esutjss-38	333	3	presented	present	VERB
esutjss-38	333	4	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	333	5	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	333	6	symposium	symposium	NOUN
esutjss-38	333	7	at	at	ADP
esutjss-38	333	8	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	333	9	centennial	centennial	NOUN
esutjss-38	333	10	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	333	11	ragnar	ragnar	PROPN
esutjss-38	333	12	frisch	frisch	PROPN
esutjss-38	333	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	333	14	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	333	15	norwegian	norwegian	ADJ
esutjss-38	333	16	academy	academy	NOUN
esutjss-38	333	17	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	333	18	science	science	NOUN
esutjss-38	333	19	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	333	20	letters	letter	NOUN
esutjss-38	333	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	333	22	oslo	oslo	PROPN
esutjss-38	333	23	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	333	24	march	march	PROPN
esutjss-38	333	25	3	3	NUM
esutjss-38	333	26	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	333	27	5	5	NUM
esutjss-38	333	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	333	29	1995	1995	NUM
esutjss-38	333	30	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	1	pesaran	pesaran	VERB
esutjss-38	334	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	3	m.	m.	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	4	h.	h.	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	6	shin	shin	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	8	y.	y.	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	9	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	10	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	334	11	smith	smith	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	12	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	13	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	14	j.	j.	PROPN
esutjss-38	334	15	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	16	2001).“bounds	2001).“bounds	NUM
esutjss-38	334	17	testing	testing	NOUN
esutjss-38	334	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
esutjss-38	334	19	to	to	ADP
esutjss-38	334	20	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	334	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	334	22	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	334	23	level	level	NOUN
esutjss-38	334	24	relationships”.journal	relationships”.journal	ADJ
esutjss-38	334	25	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	334	26	applied	apply	VERB
esutjss-38	334	27	econometrics	econometric	NOUN
esutjss-38	334	28	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	29	16	16	NUM
esutjss-38	334	30	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	334	31	289–326	289–326	NUM
esutjss-38	334	32	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	335	1	poveda	poveda	PROPN
esutjss-38	335	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	335	3	a.	a.	NOUN
esutjss-38	335	4	c.	c.	PROPN
esutjss-38	335	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	335	6	2012	2012	NUM
esutjss-38	335	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	335	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	336	1	violence	violence	NOUN
esutjss-38	336	2	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	336	3	economic	economic	ADJ
esutjss-38	336	4	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	336	5	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	336	6	colombian	colombian	ADJ
esutjss-38	336	7	cities	city	NOUN
esutjss-38	336	8	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	336	9	a	a	DET
esutjss-38	336	10	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
esutjss-38	336	11	panel	panel	NOUN
esutjss-38	336	12	data	data	VERB
esutjss-38	336	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
esutjss-38	336	14	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	337	1	journal	journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	337	2	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	337	3	international	international	PROPN
esutjss-38	337	4	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	337	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	337	6	24	24	NUM
esutjss-38	337	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	337	8	809–827	809–827	NUM
esutjss-38	337	9	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	1	rogers	roger	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	3	m.	m.	PROPN
esutjss-38	338	4	l.	l.	PROPN
esutjss-38	338	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	338	7	pridemore	pridemore	PROPN
esutjss-38	338	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	9	w.	w.	PROPN
esutjss-38	338	10	a.	a.	PROPN
esutjss-38	338	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	12	2013).the	2013).the	DET
esutjss-38	338	13	effect	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	14	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	338	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	16	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	338	17	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	338	18	protection	protection	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	19	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	338	20	national	national	ADJ
esutjss-38	338	21	homicide	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	22	rates	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	23	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	24	direct	direct	ADJ
esutjss-38	338	25	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	338	26	moderating	moderating	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	27	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	338	28	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	338	29	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	339	1	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	339	2	science	science	PROPN
esutjss-38	339	3	research	research	NOUN
esutjss-38	339	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	339	5	42	42	NUM
esutjss-38	339	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	339	7	584–595	584–595	NUM
esutjss-38	339	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	340	1	sandoval	sandoval	PROPN
esutjss-38	340	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	340	3	l.	l.	PROPN
esutjss-38	340	4	e.	e.	PROPN
esutjss-38	340	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	340	6	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	340	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	340	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	2	socio	socio	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	3	-	-	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	4	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	5	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	6	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	341	7	spatial	spatial	ADJ
esutjss-38	341	8	persistence	persistence	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	9	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	341	10	homicides	homicide	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	11	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	341	12	colombia	colombia	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	14	2000-2010”.estudios	2000-2010”.estudios	NUM
esutjss-38	341	15	de	de	X
esutjss-38	341	16	economía	economía	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	17	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	18	45	45	NUM
esutjss-38	341	19	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	20	1	1	NUM
esutjss-38	341	21	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	22	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	23	51	51	NUM
esutjss-38	341	24	-	-	SYM
esutjss-38	341	25	77	77	NUM
esutjss-38	341	26	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	27	saqib	saqib	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	28	amin	amin	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	29	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	30	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	31	2018	2018	NUM
esutjss-38	341	32	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	33	"	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	34	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	341	35	endless	endless	ADJ
esutjss-38	341	36	nexus	nexus	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	37	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	341	38	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
esutjss-38	341	39	diversity	diversity	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	40	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	41	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	341	42	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	43	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	341	44	institutionalquality	institutionalquality	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	45	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	341	46	pakistan".international	pakistan".international	ADJ
esutjss-38	341	47	journal	journal	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	48	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	341	49	sociology	sociology	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	50	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	341	51	social	social	ADJ
esutjss-38	341	52	policy	policy	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	53	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	54	https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2018-0108	https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2018-0108	NOUN
esutjss-38	341	55	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	56	shaw	shaw	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	57	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	58	c.	c.	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	59	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	60	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	341	61	mckay	mckay	PROPN
esutjss-38	341	62	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	341	63	h.	h.	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	1	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	342	2	1942).juvenile	1942).juvenile	NUM
esutjss-38	342	3	delinquency	delinquency	NOUN
esutjss-38	342	4	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	342	5	urban	urban	ADJ
esutjss-38	342	6	areas.university	areas.university	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	7	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	342	8	adenuga	adenuga	ADJ
esutjss-38	342	9	fabian	fabian	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	10	adekoya	adekoya	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	11	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	342	12	nor	nor	CCONJ
esutjss-38	342	13	azam	azam	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	14	abdul	abdul	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	15	razak	razak	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	16	chicago	chicago	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	17	press	press	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	18	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	342	19	chicago	chicago	PROPN
esutjss-38	342	20	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	343	1	soares	soares	PROPN
esutjss-38	343	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	343	3	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	343	4	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	343	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	343	6	2004	2004	NUM
esutjss-38	343	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	343	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	1	“	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	2	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	4	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	5	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	344	6	punishment	punishment	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	7	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	8	accounting	account	VERB
esutjss-38	344	9	forthe	forthe	DET
esutjss-38	344	10	international	international	ADJ
esutjss-38	344	11	differences	difference	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	12	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	344	13	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	14	rates”.journal	rates”.journal	PROPN
esutjss-38	344	15	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	344	16	development	development	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	17	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	19	73	73	NUM
esutjss-38	344	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	21	155	155	NUM
esutjss-38	344	22	–	–	SYM
esutjss-38	344	23	184	184	NUM
esutjss-38	344	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	25	stučka	stučka	PROPN
esutjss-38	344	26	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	27	t.	t.	PROPN
esutjss-38	344	28	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	29	2004).“the	2004).“the	NUM
esutjss-38	344	30	effects	effect	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	31	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	344	32	exchange	exchange	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	33	rate	rate	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	34	change	change	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	35	on	on	ADP
esutjss-38	344	36	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	344	37	trade	trade	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	38	balance	balance	NOUN
esutjss-38	344	39	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	344	40	croatia	croatia	PROPN
esutjss-38	344	41	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	344	42	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	345	1	imf	imf	PROPN
esutjss-38	345	2	working	working	PROPN
esutjss-38	345	3	paper	paper	NOUN
esutjss-38	345	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	345	5	wp	wp	PROPN
esutjss-38	345	6	04/65	04/65	NUM
esutjss-38	345	7	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	1	trawick	trawick	PROPN
esutjss-38	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	3	m.	m.	PROPN
esutjss-38	346	4	w.	w.	PROPN
esutjss-38	346	5	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	6	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	346	7	howsen	howsen	PROPN
esutjss-38	346	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	9	r.	r.	PROPN
esutjss-38	346	10	m.	m.	PROPN
esutjss-38	346	11	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	12	2006).“crime	2006).“crime	ADJ
esutjss-38	346	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	346	14	community	community	NOUN
esutjss-38	346	15	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	346	16	:	:	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	17	race	race	NOUN
esutjss-38	346	18	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	19	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
esutjss-38	346	20	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	21	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	346	22	religion	religion	NOUN
esutjss-38	346	23	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	346	24	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	347	1	applied	apply	VERB
esutjss-38	347	2	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	347	3	letters	letter	NOUN
esutjss-38	347	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	347	5	13	13	NUM
esutjss-38	347	6	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	347	7	341–345	341–345	NUM
esutjss-38	347	8	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	1	wu	wu	PROPN
esutjss-38	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	3	d.	d.	PROPN
esutjss-38	348	4	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	5	&	&	CCONJ
esutjss-38	348	6	wu	wu	PROPN
esutjss-38	348	7	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	8	z.	z.	PROPN
esutjss-38	348	9	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	10	2012).“crime	2012).“crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	348	11	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	12	inequality	inequality	NOUN
esutjss-38	348	13	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	14	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	348	15	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
esutjss-38	348	16	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	348	17	england	england	PROPN
esutjss-38	348	18	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	348	19	wales	wales	PROPN
esutjss-38	348	20	”	"	PUNCT
esutjss-38	348	21	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	349	1	applied	apply	VERB
esutjss-38	349	2	economics	economic	NOUN
esutjss-38	349	3	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	349	4	44	44	NUM
esutjss-38	349	5	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	349	6	29	29	NUM
esutjss-38	349	7	)	)	PUNCT
esutjss-38	349	8	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	349	9	3765–3775	3765–3775	NUM
esutjss-38	349	10	.	.	PUNCT
esutjss-38	350	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
esutjss-38	350	2	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	350	3	t.	t.	PROPN
esutjss-38	350	4	(	(	PUNCT
esutjss-38	350	5	2016).“addressing	2016).“addresse	VERB
esutjss-38	350	6	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
esutjss-38	350	7	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	8	in	in	ADP
esutjss-38	350	9	the	the	DET
esutjss-38	350	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	11	between	between	ADP
esutjss-38	350	12	crime	crime	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	13	and	and	CCONJ
esutjss-38	350	14	consumer	consumer	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	15	confidence”.journal	confidence”.journal	ADJ
esutjss-38	350	16	of	of	ADP
esutjss-38	350	17	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
esutjss-38	350	18	criminology	criminology	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	19	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	350	20	32	32	NUM
esutjss-38	350	21	,	,	PUNCT
esutjss-38	350	22	47–59	47–59	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	23	page	page	NOUN
esutjss-38	350	24	1	1	NUM