eistud: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called eistud.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Development; Latvia; Countries; Policy; Business; Management; Market; Studies; Knowledge; Companies; Economy; States; Growth; Integration; Innovation; Level; Respondents; Education; Lithuania; Information; Society; Factors; Public; System; Labour; Services; Use; Analysis; Law; Entrepreneurship; Quality; People; Work; Products; Social; Region; Value; Technology; Article; Environmental; Tax; Germany; Central; Table; Assoc; Roman; Ims; Book; 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: DISCOURSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES IN LATVIA by Briska, Iveta; Rungule, Ritma (2011) - DISCOURSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES IN LATVIA Iveta Briska Research Centre SKDS Ritma Rungule Riga Stradiņš University Abstract The paper deals with the dynamics of the discourse on environmental values in Latvia basing upon traditional emotional attitudes towards nature in the Latvian culture, changes in environmental values in comparison with the dynamics of other values of the Latvian public, and the role of the discourse on environmental issues in the formation of civil society in Latvia. The dynamics of the public attitudes towards ecological problems and the discourse on environmental values is presented on the basis of the historical information, as well as the data of the World Values Survey and the research performed by the Latvian Public Opinion Research Centre SKDS. Keywords: development; environment; latvia; opinion; protection; public; respondents; risk; society; studies; values
• DEVELOPMENT POLICY MONITORING ISSUES – REGIONAL AND LOCAL EXPERIENCES IN RIGA REGION by Cimdins, Rudolfs; Skinkis, Peteris (2011) - Overall approach of development policy monitoring mostly is oriented on evaluation of planning documents. Development policy monitoring and evaluation Regional development monitoring exists on very different forms, depending on each country’s legal and functional organization and policy implementation mechanism (Cziraky, Sambt, Rovan, Puljiz 2006, Nared, Ravbar 2003, Khan 2001, Spencer, Gomez C. 2004, Toward country-led development: a multi-partner evaluation of the CDF, 2003). Keywords: development; elaboration; evaluation; implementation; monitoring; planning; policy; regional; riga; system
• SPATIAL PLANNING AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE PLACES: CASE OF LATGALE REGION by Ezmale, Sandra; Litavniece, Lienite (2011) - Research subject – business attractiveness factors and criteria in the planning documents of Latgale region cities and towns. Policy and city development planners have adopted diverse measures like spatial plans and strategies for city development to enhance it. Keywords: attractiveness; business; competitiveness; development; documents; environment; factors; planning; quality; regional
• LABOUR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN LATVIA by Feifere, Santa; Zvidrins, Peteris (2011) - Low interest to prepare projects in relation to economic activity could be explained by lack of opportunity to provide co-finance (for projects not in relation to economic activities co-finance rate is 7.5% of total eligible costs including maximum 5% in-kind contribution as voluntary work, activities as professional nature, fixed assets and granted materials) and lack of collaboration with entrepreneurs (Mezeniece et.al. 2010). Dealing with study of population, one can find young people share continuous decline and labour mean age increase, but in situation of economic slowdown Latvia also face challenge to develop knowledge-based economy. Keywords: development; economic; economy; education; european; growth; human; knowledge; labour; latvia; research
• REGIONAL INNOVATION POLICY: FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN THE NON-METROPOLITAN REGIONS OF BALTIC SEA REGION TO THE INNOVATION POLICY MEMORANDUM by Grinis, Vygintas; Valalyte, Ligita (2011) - The topic of regional innovation policy is analyzed by both, Lithuanian and foreign authors, widely. According to L. K. Williams (2001), when discussing the scope and impacts of regional innovation policy, it is necessary to raise the question about the level of “region” that defines the territorial responsibility of ‘regional’ policy makers. Keywords: actors; baltic; development; european; innovation; line; new; policy; public; regional; regions; sea; system
• EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE: THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS by Melnikas, Borisas (2011) - The most important role and influence are of those transformations, which reflect the global spread of values and ideas of the knowledge based society and of the sustainability of new knowledge creation processes : namely the creation of knowledge based society and the spread of its values and ideas, as well as the spread of the ideas and values of sustainability of new knowledge creation processes in the global environment condition can activate and stimulate the new transformations in the modern society and its life, as well as help to understand the necessity to react to the needs of the creation of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and solve new problems in a new way. The global transformations as a general context of the processes of knowledge based society creation in the European Union Situation in the space of European Union as well as in the contemporary world in general is more and more conditioned by multiple globalization processes, which appear in all areas of political social, economic life, and in all sectors of culture as well as of science and technological progress. Keywords: changes; creation; creation processes; development; development processes; economy creation; knowledge economy; processes; society; society creation; transformations
• INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON THE EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS FINANCING EFFICIENCY IN THE R&D FIELD IN LATVIA by Mezeniece, Marta; Rivza, Baiba (2011) - No 5 58 to study the main aspects of the scientific activity and innovation development factors in Latvia. Firstly, accomplish revision and analysis of existing research and theoretical findings on factors of scientific activity and innovation development. Keywords: activity; development; european; factors; innovation; latvia; policy; project; r&d; research
• SYNERGY OF THE AMOUNT OF SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN LATVIA by Mistre, Baiba; Muska, Aina (2011) - Average amounts of state social security benefits in the districts of Latvia in 2008-2009, LVL District Unemployment benefit Sickness benefit Maternity benefit Paternity benefit Parental benefit 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 No 5 SYNERGY OF THE AMOUNT OF SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN LATVIA Baiba Mistre, Aina Muska Latvia University of Agriculture Abstract Research hypothesis: a synergy exists in Latvia between the average amounts of state social security benefits and the regions’ economic development. Keywords: amounts; benefits; cluster; development; districts; latvia; riga; security benefits; social; state; unemployment benefits
• THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL AND COHESION POLICY ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE EU by Vaidere, Inese (2011) - As defined in Article 174 of 1 It extends beyond economic and social cohesion, as it concentrates on de-It extends beyond economic and social cohesion, as it concentrates on de- velopment based on geographic and sectoral specificities, intends to strength- en the cooperation between territories and consistency in EU policies to make the most efficient use of territorial assets. The policy itself was eventually defined in the Single European Act in 1986, which provided guidelines to coordination of economic policies and the use of structural funds. Keywords: budget; cohesion; cohesion policy; commission; development; economic; european; european commission; policy; regional; regions; union
• DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A COMPONENT OF REGIONAL POLICY IN LATVIA by Gineite, Meldra; Vilcina, Anastasija (2011) - The first document about regional development policy was established in 1995 – it was a framework for regional development policy. Fundamental principles of regional development planning, mentioned in the “Regional development Law”, are: concentration, programming, partnership, complementarities, publicity, principle of subsidiarity and sustainability. Keywords: business; development; economic; entrepreneurship; latvia; planning; policy; regional; regions
• ESTONIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION AS ACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT: СONCEPTUAL APPROACH by Kirch, Aksel; Nezerenko, Olga; Mezentsev, Vladimir (2011) - In contrast to opposition to natural environment the bifurcation in social systems is not a one-moment state of transformation from one condition to another but a stretched in time process of system rebuilding (transformational process). Humanity: Social system (population development, ethnic composition, income distribution and class structure, social groups and organizations), Individual development (individual autonomy and self-determination, right to work, social integration, qualification, specialization, education), Government ( government and administration, population and migration, international assistance, technology); 2) Keywords: baltic; development; european; integration; migration; model; processes; region; states; system; transit
• DEVELOPMENT OF LATVIAN AUTO ROADS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT by Rijkure, Astrida; Skapars, Roberts (2011) - Keywords: auto roads, auto road funding, resource assignment methodology. It is necessary to justify how important is to maintain and develop auto roads and how much is dependent on the overall condition of roads. Keywords: auto; budget; construction; development; european; latvia; maintenance; road; state; transit; vehicle
• ALTERNATIVE MILITARY KEYNESIANISM AS A TOOL OF CIVIL-MILITARY COOPERATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EU DEFENCE POLICY by Tiltiņš, Alekss; Šavriņa, Baiba (2015) - This situation leads to the dilemma when the high level of defence expenditure can hamper the financial support of other sectors of national economy. Therefore it is necessary to increase the efficiency of available financial resources that have been allocated for the defence without a significant increase in defence expenditure. Keywords: concept; cooperation concept; defence; defence budget; defence expenditure; defence policy; defence sector; development; european defence; government; increase; keynesianism; military; military cooperation
• LOCAL GOVERNMENT NETWORKS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMY by Pukis, Maris (2015) - The overarching goal of the project is to stimulate the managers, politicians and administrative personnel of local municipalities, the employees of municipal institutions and enterprises to be- come more creative, to look for new approaches to solve existing problems, to ground on the ex- perience of the colleagues and LALRG support in acquisition and analysis of the facts describing operation of the municipalities within the process of introduction of the novelties. European Integrat ion Studies 2015/9 62 Bench-learning system is established and applied successfully in Norway (KS, 2015); within this system, the municipalities receive information from the benchmarking data base and establish networks in which they select appropriate solutions for their further development on the basis of the received information and analysis of the experience of other municipalities. Keywords: base; bench; data; development; entrepreneurship; government; implementation; latvian; learning; municipalities; municipality; project; system
• TOWARDS THE INTERNATIONALISATION PROCESS OF LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITIES by Greblikaitė, Jolita; Barynienė, Jurgita; Paužaitė, Živilė (2015) - Table 3 Possible strategies to improve the effectiveness of higher education internationalisation in small states (adapted according to Urbanovic, J., Wilkins, S., 2013) However it is noticed that the fragmentation of internationalisation process makes a negative impact on universities activities and competitiveness. Keywords: development; education; european; institutions; internationalisation; internationalisation process; knight; lithuanian; process; quality; strategies; students; universities; university
• SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FROM PERSPECTIVE OF CITIZENS: SALASPILS MUNICIPALITY (LATVIA) CASE by Jekabsone, Inga; Sloka, Biruta (2015) - Figure 1 shows that besides the three typ- ical elements – space, markets and re- Figure 1 The Star of Community Development (Moldovan et al., 2013) Sustainable local development is holistic in encouraging broader notions of inclusion, health, well-being and quality of life (Haughton and Counsell, 2004; Morgan, 2007) and incorporating understandings of the relations between the economic, social, ecological, political and cultural dimensions of development. For this reason recently the qualitative approach for measuring local sustainable development has been used. Keywords: cities; citizens; development; environment; european; indicators; inhabitants; latvia; level; municipality; planning; research; salaspils; studies; sustainability; urban
• NEW APPROACH TO REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AS INSTRUMENT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT by Žitkus, Leonas (2015) - The conclusion is that the paradigm of regional development focused on regional cohesion should be changed into the paradigm of developing regional competitiveness. Despite relevance and attractiveness of the idea of internal cohesion of the region, its practical real- ization is related to the difficulties in realizing regional competitiveness as the ability to create favor- able conditions for developing economic activity so that the needs of the population are met. Keywords: approach; competitiveness; conditions; definitions; development; disparities; economic; factors; growth; objective; policy; region; results
• SUPPLY, DEMAND, FORECAST OF LATVIAN LABOUR MARKET AND TOOLS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT by Starineca, Olga; Voronchuk, Inesa (2015) - 170-183 DOI 10.5755/j01.eis.0.9.12805 © Kaunas University of Technology Supply, Demand, Forecast of Latvian Labour Market and Tools for Its Development EIS 9/2015 Abstract Supply, Demand, Forecast of Latvian Labour Market and Tools for Its Development http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.9.12805 Olga Starineca, Inesa Voronchuk University of Latvia, Latvia , Aspazijas Blvd. 5, LV-1050, Riga, Latvia Many factors influence situation on Latvian labour market. Many factors influence situation on Latvian labour market. Keywords: authors; demand; development; education; employment; european; job; labour; labour market; latvia; market; people; specialists; youth
• ISLAMIC BANKING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES by Sobol, Iwona (2015) - With the share of around 80% in total assets of Islamic financial institutions, Islamic banks play a dominant role in the Islamic financial industry. The analysis should give an answer to the question whether Islamic banks can have more significant presence in the European financial market in the future, than they have today. Keywords: banking; banks; countries; development; european; finance; financial; international; islamic; islamic bank; market; muslim; products; services; sharia
• SOCIAL DIMENSION AND INEQUALITY PROBLEMS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION by Dubra, Elena (2016) - 16–28 DOI 10.5755/j01.eis.0.10.14445 © Kaunas University of Technology Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence between EU–28 mem­ ber states in the context of the EU cohesion policy. It requires not only a change structure of national social models, but also a discussion on the strategic choice of countries social policy. Keywords: convergence; development; eu states; european; gdp; growth; inequality; level; member; policy; situation; social; states
• IMPACT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON ENTERPRISE ENVIRONMENT by Sunina, Linda; Azena, Ligita; Rivza, Baiba (2016) - Com­ panies, working in a particular territory, can experience economic struggle due to changes in different economic conditions, therefore other location place can become a better solution for its activities. 2595 2995 3457 2946 Number of residents (thousands) 137.4 50.0 78.8 61.7 Demographic load 513 520 515 532 Unemployment rate, % 9.4 11.4 20.4 8.4 Residents income tax per capita, EUR 283 297 263 375 Economically active individual merchants and companies per 1000 residents 17.8 19.8 17.2 23.4 Source: Authors’ provided table, using data of the year 2012 Comparing city impact areal after their average demographic and socio–economic indicators, it can be seen they are characterized by conformity to average indicators of Latvia; Rezekne, Valmiera and Jekabpils are similar after number of residents, but Daugavpils, Jekabpils and Valmiera, in their turn, are similar after unemployment rate and density rate. Keywords: areal; cities; city; development; impact; latvia; location; national; place; space
• SHRINKING OF RURAL TERRITORIES IN LATVIA by Pužulis, Armands; Kūle, Laila (2016) - Population numbers published by the State Population Register for shrinking municipalities are larger than the numbers of population identified by the Central Statistical Bureau and consider­ ably larger than calculated at local level by local municipal offices. Whatever ‘local census’ can be used to collect a correct information on shrinking municipalities? Keywords: areas; cities; data; development; european; growth; latvia; level; municipalities; national; planning; policy; population; regional; research; riga; rural; services; shrinkage; shrinking; studies
• PROPOSALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE MANAGEMENT BOOST AT A NATIONAL LEVEL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES by Krūkle, Zanda; Bendere, Rūta (2017) - Environmental noise management, therefore, is one of the most exigent tasks for environ- mental pollution management. In the scope of the study authors analyze legislation and the institutional system for environmental noise management, and provide conclusions from Latvian case studies regarding practical implemen- tation issues of environmental noise management. Keywords: control; countries; development; environmental; health; latvia; legislation; level; management; noise; noise management; policy; studies
• WAITING FOR THE CAPITAL MARKET UNION: THE POSITION OF LATVIAN CORPORATE BOND MARKET by Tocelovska, Natalja (2017) - In the result, the groups and sub-indi- cators are: 1) size: ratio of private sector bonds to GDP, ratio of public sector bonds to GDP, ratio of international bonds to GDP, dummy variable: existence of bond market and dummy variable: existence of corporate bond market; 2) access: government bond yield (3 months and 10 years), ratio of domestic to total debt securities, ratio of private to total debt securities (domestic), ratio of new corporate bond issues to GDP and new corporate bond issues ($ billion); 3) efficiency: quoted bid-ask spreads (10-yr government bond yield), quote size, number of the counterparties providing bid/ask quote; 4) stability: volatility of sovereign bond index, skewness of sovereign bond index, ratio of short-term to total bonds (domestic), ratio of short-term bond to total bonds (international), correlation with German bond returns and correlation with US bond returns. KEYWORDS: corporate bond market, capital market union, bank-based economy, Latvia, development. Keywords: bank; bond; bond market; capital; cmu; countries; development; economy; european; latvia; level; market
• SOCIAL ECONOMY: THE POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN LITHUANIA by Greblikaite, Jolita; Gerulaitiene, Neringa; Ziukaite, Zivile; Garcia-Machado, Juan J. (2017) - Social economy enterprises and organisations are present in many different forms, at different levels, local, national and European. Abstract The paper analyses the peculiarieties of social economy, focusing the scientific attention to social enterprises and their environment in EU and, especially, Lithuania. Keywords: areas; business; countries; development; economy; enterprises; entrepreneurship; environment; european; lithuania; production; research; services; situation; social
• PROMOTING THE REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH CLUSTERS‘ APPROACH: CASE OF THE LATVIAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CLUSTER by Zeibote, Zane; Muravska, Tatjana (2018) - Conversely, as a result of the development of regional clusters, their competitiveness increased proportionally. The results show that IT cluster companies are more active in process innovation and product innovation. Keywords: analysis; assessment; cluster; companies; competitiveness; development; economic; european; figure; innovation; latvian; regional; research
• Data-based Startup Profile Analysis in the European Smart Specialization Strategy: A Text Mining Approach by Bzhalava, Levan; Kaivo-oja, Jari; Hassan, Sohaib S. (2018) - Our analysis shows that Smart Specialization Strategy approach and start-up community can be integrated by using text mining approaches. The European Union (EU) has introduced Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) to increase the innovation and competitive potential of its member states by identifying promising economic areas for investment and specialization. Keywords: activities; business; development; economic; entrepreneurs; et al; european; innovation; policy; specialization; startup; strategy; topic
• DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CORPORATE BOND MARKET IN LATVIA by Tocelovska, Natalja; Sloka, Biruta; Arfejevs, Ilja (2018) - The goal of this article is to explore the corporate bond market development frameworks as elab- orated by the academic research and recognise corporate bond market development determinants, identify the determinants of the corporate bond market in Latvia by running the statistical analysis. While the analysis of the expositive elements frameworks as explored and developed by the academics indicates four main groups of corporate bond market indicators as determined to be influencing the development of the corporate bond market of a country: size, macroe- conomic indicators, legal factors (including market regulations and taxation), and presence of the securities market infrastructure; the Authors group the factors into two main clusters: measurement elements of the bond market and legal and macroeconomic elements (Table 1). Keywords: analysis; bank; bond market; bonds; country; development; elements; factors; gdp; government; growth; latvia; market development; research; studies
• PARTICIPATION OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN SCIENCE POLICY MAKING IN EU by Jekabsone, Inga (2019) - In order to achieve the purpose, the tasks are formulated as follows: 1 to review the theoretical background for involvement of stakeholders in science policy making in EU; 2 to analyse the best practice in ensuring the participation of key stakeholders in science policy making in EU, special focusing on case of Latvia; 3 to provide the recommendations for the ministries in EU responsible for science in ensuring the partic- ipation of key stakeholders in policy making. In order to achieve the purpose, the tasks are formulated as follows: 1 to review the theoretical background for involvement of stakeholders in science policy making in EU; 2 to analyse the best practice in ensuring the participation of key stakeholders in science policy making in EU, special focusing on case of Latvia; 3 to provide the recommendations for the ministries in EU responsible for science in ensuring the participation of key stakeholders in policy making. Keywords: development; knowledge; latvia; making; participation; participatory; policy; process; research; science; stakeholders
• RISK SOCIETY IN LATVIA: CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS by Author (2010) - Keywords: Risk society, sustainable development, environmental risks, environmental risk assessment, environmental risk awareness. Therefore, the article provides a brief analysis of theoretical base of the concept of the risk society and the idea of sustainable development and reviews legal, institutional, and regulatory instruments applied for identification, assessment and management of environmental risks applied both globally and in Latvia. Keywords: assessment; awareness; development; environmental; information; latvia; population; protection; risk; risk society; society
• EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Author (2010) - The following general conclusions were made: the processes of creating knowledge based society and generating knowledge economy and its further - development should be understood as the undivided unity, the processes of creating knowledge based society and generating knowledge economy and its further - development should be perceived as relevant to all spheres of life – meaning social, economic and political life, culture, advancement of science and technologies, interaction with nature in general and environment in particular, the processes of creating knowledge based society and generating knowledge economy and its further - development should be comprehended as the ones providing economic preconditions for modernization of the society and refinement of its life in accordance with the standards, norms and values of knowledge based society, the processes of creating knowledge based society and knowledge economy and further development should - be interpreted as multi-dimensional and extremely complex and uninterrupted process which manifests itself in cyclical changes and leaps towards higher quality standards, the complex approach towards knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation and further - development should be implemented in all stages of scientific research, studies and practical activities, including the prioritizing various programmes on multi- and cross-disciplinary research and studies, as well as strategic solutions of the complex character in various stages of regional development, planning and designing of economic and technological leaps. The processes of the creating of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are analyzed in the general context of the processes of sustainable development. Keywords: creation; development; development processes; economy creation; knowledge economy; knowledge society; new; phenomena; processes; society
• ACQUISITION OF EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS IN IRELAND AND LATVIA by Author (2010) - Studying EU funds’ impact in Latvia, in Table 1 the authors have analysed EU funds financing in Latvia in 2004 – 2008 from GDP (percentage) of the respective period. Ireland is one of the economically most developed, industrial and market-oriented countries which until now has most successfully used EU structural funds. Keywords: country; development; economic; eu funds; european; financing; funds; growth; ireland; latvia; member; national; period; region; state; years
• THE EFFECT OF COMPETITION FORCES AND COMPETITION STRATEGY IN THE MARKET OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS by Author (2010) - Basing on the research factors, which affect the organic farming market environment, the competition forces and elements of the product value formation chain, the authors created a hierarchy analysis model to detect which of the factors, existing in the market environment, are the most important for the promotion of the organic product market development and the stimulation of exactly which value chain core activities element can cause the most considerable effect on the development of organic product market. Research methods applied in the research Monographic method – for the theoretical • substantiation and formation of the discussion; Method of analysis and synthesis – for researching • the market structure and processes, evaluation and interpreting of the research results; Statistical methods – illustrating the advancement of • the processes; Logically-constructive method – for interpreting • the research results, forming structural and hierarchy schemes, formulation of the findings and conclusions; Porter’s competition forces’ analysis for analyzing of • competition forces affecting organic product market and analyzing of product life cycle in order to define Latvia organic farming market development phase; Method of analytic hierarchy process – for taking • a decision about the most significant value chain component and priority regarding the implemented activities for the promotion of organic farming market development. Keywords: chain; competition; development; farming; farming market; latvia; market; market development; production; products; sector; value
• SUBURBAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN POLICY: LATVIAN EXAMPLE by Author (2010) - no 4 SuBuRBAn SETTLEMEnTS In THE COnTEXT Of uRBAn pOLICY: LATVIAn EXAMpLE Armands puzulis1, peteris Skinkis2 Riga planning region1, University of Latvia2 Abstract Conditions of land ownership, land development and land development control on the urban fringe of Latvia are similar to those prevailing in other Baltic countries. Quite often local governments were not aware of their role in local land policy and failed to take advantage of making land reserves for future development needs. Keywords: area; development; land; planning; policy; riga; settlements; territories; urban
• ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIPS SCIENCE – BUSINESS THROUGH ESTABLISHMENT OF CENTERS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN BULGARIA (THE CASE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROUSSE) by Author (2009) - Technology transfer possibilities by using TTo The success of technology transfer depends on proper development and effective use of networks, relationships and enhancement of trust between providers and adopters of technologies at regional level. The tasks placed for the solution of the article’s aim are: to elucidate the necessity of technology transfer enhancement between the science and the practice, to analyze the Bulgarian environment and the condition of technology transfer between higher education institutes and business, to estimate the possibilities for technology transfer through establishment of TTo with the use of Eu financial sources and to give an example of good practice by sharing the experience, gained during the implementation of Eu funded project and to estimate the multiplication possibilities. Keywords: bulgarian; development; european; innovation; knowledge; research; rousse; science; technology; transfer; tto; university
• INFORMATION SOCIETY AND QUALITY OF LIFE by Author (2009) - In the scientific work (A.Keras, V.Keras, 2008) were analysed connections of Gross domestic product (GDP) with information society development index and index dynamics of Lithuanian information society from 2000 to 2007. Lithuania’s quality of life index HDI = 0.862 is quite decent. Keywords: country; development; hdi; information; life; lithuania; quality; society
• ON THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE TRIANGLE BASED ON LISBON STRATEGY IN ESTONIA by Author (2009) - Institutions who are responsible for supporting Estonian innovation development are: Ministry of Economy and Communications, Ministry of Education and Research together with bigger universities. EDF creation initiated important changes: research projects of the Estonian Development Fund give meaning to Estonian economic Development. Keywords: development; estonia; european; innovation; knowledge; lisbon; new; scoreboard; strategy
• POLICY INTERVENTION TO R&D BASED VALLEY CREATION IN LITHUANIA by Author (2009) - Keywords: R&D policy intervention, tacit knowledge, Lithuania. There are plenty of examples, when high technology research centers developed spontaneously over the years (Silicon Valley, Rout 128), on the other hand there are not less examples, when such kind of centers become prosperous after careful planning and coordination (Research triangle park, Austin, San Diego) (Smilor et al, 2007). Keywords: business; centers; creation; development; knowledge; policy; r&d; research; studies; technology; valley
• ACQUISITION OF RESOU RCES OF THE INSTRUMENT FO R REGIONAL DEVELOP MENT – THE COHESION FU ND – IN LATVIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS by Author (2009) - As a result, today implementation of EU funds projects is burdened. For solving the situation the Managing Authority has prepared guidelines (Ministry of Finance 2009d) regarding VAT rate application for EU funds projects Unfortunately, the principle of Legal certainty has not been taken into consideration (Kalniete M. 2005). Keywords: cohesion; development; european; finance; fund; latvia; ministry; projects; resources
• KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY IN THE EUROP EAN UNION: CREATION PROCESS, THE MAIN TYPICALITIES AND PROBLEMS OF CLUSTERIZATION by Author (2009) - The main result of the completed research is the concept of strategies oriented towards integration and synthesis, the basis for which is the universal principle of „creation of a new quality“: we should utilize this principle in elaborating and implementing the strategies for creation of knowledge based economy in the European union. The essence of these issues could be revealed in the following: – what should the knowledge based society and knowledge based economy be in the future in the European Union? Keywords: business; countries; creation; development; economy; european; european union; international; knowledge; knowledge economy; new; research; society; union
• THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES – THE PLACE IN THE INTEGRATION ROAD OF THE EU ECONOMY by Author (2009) - From here arises the purpose of the research - to analyse the functioning space of the economical system of the European Union and new member states and its singularity, to determine connections, to merge the problems and to suggest the decision for them. Three tasks were raised for the implementation of the purpose which will be consistently analysed: to estimate the economical weight and role of new  member states in the European Union, to measure the benefit of the structural support, its  importance and problematic, to analyse the measures of monetary and fiscal  politics and their influence in the context of enlarged European Union emerging influence towards new member states. Keywords: development; european; european union; issn; member; member states; new; states; support; union
• ECONOMICAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT - IRISH STATE DEVELOPMENT EXAMPLE FOR PERIPHERAL EUROPEAN UNION STATES by Author (2009) - Example of state Ireland verifies that approximately during the past 25 years the state has carried out very proper macroeconomical policy, remarking also the fact that many countries had the favourable conditions, but not all of them were able to use them. Example of state Ireland verifies that approximately during the past 25 years the state has carried out very proper macroeconomical policy, remarking also the fact that many countries had the favourable conditions, but not all of them were able to use them. Keywords: countries; development; investments; ireland; latvia; municipalities; municipality; policy; potential; regional; regions; state
• SPECIFICS OF TERRITORIAL MARKETING STRATEGY PLANNING by Author (2009) - Territorial marketing target market groups Tourists and visitors During the last years, the number of tourists and visitors has increased rapidly. Territorial marketing strategies When territories begin to move towards the market, it is necessary to make some important strategic decisions. Keywords: development; image; inhabitants; locality; marketing; society; strategy; target; territory
• THEORETICAL POSSIBILITIES OF EXPRESSION OF INNOVATION IN TOURISM SECTOR: THE CASE OF SCOTLAND AND SLOVENIA by Author (2009) - The aim of the article is to highlight reflections of entrepreneurship characteristics in tourism sector, trying to determine level of innovation in tourism sectors of Slovenia and Scotland. Entrepreneurship characteristics in tourism sector Reflection of innovation characteristics in tourism sectors of Scotland and Slovenia In the above presented chapter there were highlighted 4 innovative features, shaped for tourism sector. Keywords: business; development; entrepreneurship; features; innovation; model; new; scotland; sector; services; slovenia; system; tourism; tourism sector
• NETWORKING BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION : INNOVATION POTENTIAL AND STRATEGIC DECISIONS by Author (2009) - Awareness of the variety of cultures is the key factor in innovation development, different and differently identified cultural - achievements accumulate various opportunities to develop and effectively use innovation potential: to activate and promote innovations, the opportunities provided by the interaction and merging of different cultures should be effectively used (the latter condition is considered to be the priority in developing the innovation potential). No 3 191 possibilities characteristic only of the European Union, have not been thoroughly considered, modern theories of innovation and innovation  management do not offer a comprehensive analysis of the ways of creating and implementing innovations aimed at achieving technological breakthroughs and qualitative changes in the significant spheres of life of the community based on various synergetic effects, the lack of attention to the problem of  creating international network systems, closely associated with activation of innovations, can be observed both in practical activities and modern theories, there is a lack of awareness that international  economy is being transformed into a network – based economic system and the influence of this transformation on innovation activation has not been adequately evaluated. Keywords: conditions; development; economy; european union; innovation; innovation potential; networks; new; potential; systems
• DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF GROWING GDP by Author (2008) - The Index DOI of the Lithuanian Information Society and GDP within the Context of other countries In this decade the key works in creating information society undoubtedly have encompassed a very rapid Internet (as well as broadband networks) development, a fast increase in the number of computers, an increase in the number of households possessing computers (also with an access to Internet), creation and development of eGovernment in addition to a great deal of other important works. Creating Long-Term Development Strategy of the State of Lithuania, the Lisbon Strategy was taken into account, whereas creating the Strategy for Information Society Development in addition to other documents related with information society development in Lithuania, the mentioned European documents as intended for the information society development were taken into account. Keywords: countries; development; doi; gdp; index; information society; internet; lithuania
• CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL MANAGEMENT by Author (2008) - “Old democracy” states try to consolidate values of democracy and at the same time to adjust effective methods of new public management, new public administration or new civil service into the management of public organisations. Furthermore, in the publications of recent years some authors as L. Terry (1998), R. Denhardt and L. DeLeon (2000), B. G. Peters (2003) express concern that new public management is especially problematic in respect of democratic values in public administration. Keywords: administration; citizen; community; development; european; government; institutions; management; new; participation; policy; public
• E-CITIZEN’S CONCEPT AND INITIATIVES IN KAUNAS REGION by Author (2008) - “L A” implements the project “The elements of the computer license for the Lithuania’s e-Citizen” (8 538 588.00 Lt) that allows getting skills and abilities of the computer license and increase the level of computer skills. Public e-Service gives an opportunity to perform various needed operations and get information digitally to a person in the place of his occurrence and trough the public networks of computers. Keywords: business; citizen; development; government; information; initiatives; internet; kaunas; kaunas region; prieiga; project; public; region; services; society
• PERSPECTIVES OF LITHUANIA IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: ASPECT OF NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS by Author (2008) - Processes of knowledge creation, acquisition, dissemination and application create economic value. Social processes of knowledge creation, acquisition, dissemination and application create economic value. Keywords: creation; development; economic; economy; european; expression; index; innovation; kbe; knowledge; lithuania; national; new; processes; system
• HIGH-TECH SECTOR IN LITHUANIA: PRESENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES by Author (2008) - This index is applied in regard of the sector or product (service); therefore, it is relevant to discuss high technologies sector (sectoral approach) or product (product approach). In Japan there exists another understanding of high technologies, where their defi nition is considerably closer to the horizontal, rather than to sectoral or product approach. Keywords: areas; countries; country; development; economy; growth; index; products; r&d; sector; tech; tech sector; technologies
• ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP INCUBATORS NETWORK IN POLAND by Author (2008) - Exceptional role in academic entrepreneurship plays PARP – Polish Agency for Enterprise Development17. Barriers of development of AEIs in Poland Barriers of expanding academic entrepreneurship are mostly the effect of previous political system, that were limiting business activities, emigration of young, educated people that search careers abroad and structures and mentality of universities. Keywords: business; development; entrepreneurship; incubators; market; poland; technology; transfer
• LEGAL COMPONENT IN PROBLEMATIC STRUCTURE OF PROGRAMMES OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL ECONOMIC PROGRESS by Author (2007) - Nevertheless, the most important thing is that the key priority work directions including information society development have been chosen in a right way and, undoubtedly, have been justified. However, implementation of scientific technical economic programmes precondition not only crucially important results for society but also stipulates activity of certain criminal tendencies, for example, frequency of computer crimes rose due to widely accessible internet. Keywords: computer; crimes; development; european; information; law; lithuania; new; programmes; progress; society; technologies
• EUROPEANIZATION OF PRIVATE LAW- IMPACT TO ECONOMICAL GROWTH by Author (2007) - Those initiatives for systematization of European private law have similar pattern with systematization of private law in national private law systems. So European private law rather is unsystematic and pointillist, and didn't change national private law systems; especially European private law is defined in core areas such as contract, torts, property and family law. Keywords: competition; development; european; europeanization; growth; law; member; states; systems
• ECONOMICS DISCONNECTED FROM ITS SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES – THE NEOLIBERALISATION OF ESTONIA by Author (2007) - The implementation of neoliberal economic policies has had adverse effects over the welfare of Estonian society. Economic policies were evaluated by their effect on the stock of precious metals of the nation. Keywords: country; development; economic; economy; estonia; government; growth; market; policies; policy; rates; role; state
• THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES: AFFINITIES AND DISTINCTIONS by Author (2007) - Keywords: Information society, Knowledge society, development of society. Under the influence of these changes the creation of Information society started. Keywords: development; european; information; information society; knowledge; knowledge society; new; societies; society; technologies
• INNOVATION IN STUDY METHODOLOGY FOR ENHANCEMENT OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE GRADUATES OF ELECTRONICS STUDY PROGRAM by Author (2007) - Taking into account the EC FP5 project Career Space recommendations and the project team opinions, there should be implemented new study methodologies in all the subjects. This article gives an estimated impact of new study curricula to the competence and professionalism of the graduates. Keywords: curricula; development; innovation; knowledge; learning; new; program; study; university
• E-EDUCATION TOOLS AS A WAY TO ESF POSSIBILITIES DEVELOPING IN LATVIAN RURAL AREAS by Author (2007) - As the result of the project qualified performer level of employment must rise, namely, demand for ESF project applications’ potential writers and executors, int. Usability of results Project’s work results mainly are anticipated to ESF activities support and ESF projects applications’ compilers and executors. Keywords: activities; development; education; esf; european; inhabitants; latvian; project
• ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE LONG TERM TRANSFORMATIONS TOWARDS EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE by Author (2007) - Some new non-traditional ideas and models of possible economic development in the future are discussed. Keywords: Transformation, European Union, knowledge, economic development Introduction The 21st century is the age of increasingly developing transformations in the whole world and all spheres of life. Keywords: central; countries; development; eastern; european union; life; new; space; transformations; transitions
• THE POSITION OF KNOWLEDGE WORKERS IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: MIGRATION ASPECT by Author (2007) - In order to suggest the concrete actions how to suspend and attract knowledge workers to Lithuania the tendencies of knowledge workers migration in EU and the world were presented in the article. Considering mentioned above the research problem being solved in this article should be constructed: how to systemize and construct the definition of knowledge workers in order to highlight the specificity of knowledge workers migration in Europe and World and to suggest the actions making possible to reduce the negative “brain drain” effect and to retrieve “the brain”? Keywords: brain; countries; country; development; economy; european; factors; international; knowledge; knowledge workers; migration; new; oecd; workers
• PROBLEMS AND DILEMMAS OF EU REGIONAL POLICY by Author (2007) - A different shape of regional policy could, however, mean a return to the idea of two-speed Europe, which would not be advantageous to the new Member States. The aim of regional policy is to reduce regional disparities. Keywords: cohesion; competitiveness; development; european; growth; new; policy; regional; regions
• THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROVINCE OF WARMIA AND MAZURY (POLAND) by Author (2007) - The SWOT analysis included in the strategy of the Province mentions the following direct and indirect opportunities for the development of SMEs in the region: • economic boom caused by an increased interest from foreign investors, • development of ecological farming and food processing (attraction of new investors), • increased domestic demand for tourism and recreation in the region all year round, • inflow of highly-trained people to the region, • development of ecological education through the development of agrotourism, • development through increased cooperation with foreign partners, • membership in the European Union. Those goals assume that, in Elbląg, Olsztyn and Ełk, which are considered urban centres playing a significant role in the development of the Province, there are some areas (development areas) which require restructuring and modernization, or new investment in order to create conditions for the development of new kinds of economic activity. Keywords: development; mazury; province; region; smes; strategy; warmia
• ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUPPORT POLICY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES – RESULTS OF RESEARCH IN SELECTED REGIONS OF BELARUS, FINLAND, LATVIA AND POLAND* by Author (2007) - According to the law there are 17 permanent functions of local governments and only 4 of regional (Local and Regional Governments of Latvia, 2004). A multitude of connections of equal partners between local governments is a characteristic feature of the model of the functioning local government in Finland (called regional advice particularly in frames of self-government associations) and between these self-government bodies and institutions of surrounding the business. Keywords: authorities; belarus; development; finland; government; latvia; regions; self; support
• THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES by Author (2007) - The directions from European Union countries are based on the conviction that public aid should be realized horizontally or regional because this kind of aid will allow better stability of development (SURDEJ 2000, p. 23). No 1 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES Marian Oliński University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Abstract This article presents the problems of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. Keywords: aid; development; enterprises; mln; support; year
• Factors Contributing to the Development of E-Commerce by the Degree of use in Latvia by Gudele, Ina; Jekabsone, Inga (2020) - This shows that entrepreneurs in Latvia are at different stages of development in the use of e-commerce opportunities, thus training and informing entrepreneurs about the use of e-commerce oppor- tunities is topical, especially in the regions of Latvia (Kurzeme and Latgale). _ At the same time, when analysing the importance of different groups of e-commerce factors depending on how intensively entrepreneurs use e-commerce opportunities, there are signif- icant differences in the assessment of factor groups “Social factors” and “Regulatory factors” between entrepreneurs who make full use of e-commerce opportunities and those who do not use them at all. Kalinic et al. (2016), analysing the factors influencing e-commerce in Serbia, where historically technology and economy developed similarly to Latvia, also emphasizes the influence of the same four main factors on e-commerce development (technological, political, economic and educational factors), the situation was largely similar from both from the point of view of users and enterprises. Keywords: commerce; commerce opportunities; development; entrepreneurs; factors; opportunities; use
• Restrictive Factors for Micro-Company Growth in Latvia by Beizitere, Ilona; Sloka, Biruta; Brence, Ieva (2020) - KEYWORDS: company growth; micro-company; experienced managers; qualified employees; restrictive factors in company development. In this paper, the empirical research is based on the survey of companies in Latvia on their limiting factors for company development. Keywords: companies; company; development; employees; enterprises; european; factors; labour; latvia; limiting; micro; survey
• The Impact of Inward FDI on the Growth of Advanced Ex-Ports in Central-Eastern European Region by Gorniak, Agata Maria (2020) - The results indicate positive correlation of high technology exports with trade openness and hu- man capital (Tebaldi, 2011). However, in the case of making investments in a host country that has high investments in research and development the transfer is noticeable (van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, Lichtenberg, 2001). Keywords: data; development; export; factors; fdi; high; r&d; research; variables
• Digital Agenda, New Technologies and Education for the Integration of Europe: an Economic Study by Cifuentes-Faura, Javier (2021) - We highlight the importance of applying new technologies in the field of edu- cation, since teaching and learning through these means will contribute to increasing creativity and reasoning capacity, allowing for more interactive and participative learning. Furthermore, in order to analyse the influence of the use of the Internet and new technologies on other socio-economic variables, a regression analysis has been carried out. Keywords: citizens; countries; development; education; european; integration; internet; learning; report; technologies; use
• Importance of Integrating SDGs Into Business Process by Telecommunication Operators: Opinion of Estonian Customers by Gurvitš-Suits, Natalie Aleksandra; Lvova, Anna-Liiza (2021) - Numerous studies have investigated the interactions between sustainable development goals (Kunčič, 2019, Ramos&Laurenti, 2020; Scharlemann, 2020; Breu et.al., 2021) aiming to contribute to their successful achievement. Exploring the applicability of sustainable development goals in Costa Rica: Case examples from mastatal and con- chal. Keywords: authors; business; companies; development; estonia; goals; implementation; importance; opinion; respondents; sdgs
• Critical Review of Sustainability Priorities in the Heritage Sector: Evidence from Latvia’s Most Visited Museums by Vikmane, Elina; Laķe, Anda (2021) - The paper aims to propose the first-ever critical review of sustainable development priorities in Latvia’s most popular museums with a view to finding out their strategic priorities and using these findings to identify to- day’s specific thematic development lines relevant to the museum sector within the sustainable development framework and to apply this bottom-up principle to propose potential ways to improve the general goal of Latvia’s museum accreditation system – that of promoting sustainable museum practices – with specific pointers and thematic building blocks for the broad umbrella concept of sustainable development. It would (1) specify and give additional value to the general goal of Latvia’s museum accreditation system to promote sustainable museum practic- es, (2) raise awareness of the importance of sustainable development in the museum sector in general, especially beyond the priorities of heritage preservation and financial sustainability and (3) promote positive competitiveness among museums committed to sustainable development, serving as a catalyst for broader appraisal of sustainable practices, a driving force for innovation and an incentive for constantly growing cooperation with players from other sectors, such as education, social services, healthcare, ICT, environmental protection and many more for mutual benefit and overall sustainable development. Keywords: accreditation; analysis; april; concept; culture; development; european; goals; heritage; latvia; museums; national; practices; priorities; priority; research; sector; study; sustainability; world
• Strengthening Lithuanian - Latvian Cross - Border Cooperation in the Context of International Trade by Zykiene, Ineta; Laučienė, Rūta; Daugėlienė, Rasa; Leskauskienė, Aistė (2021) - This is particularly relevant for border regions, as their uniqueness allows them to exploit cross-border region cooperation, which can generate added value by utilising the potential of cooperating regions to complement each other and become a competitive hub for economic growth. The article analyses the case of Lithuania and Latvia as an example of cross-border cooperation, as internationally these countries are often matched and treated as one region, but in fact they compete fiercely with each other for better positions in foreign markets. Keywords: advantage; border; cooperation; countries; country; cross; development; economic; export; index; international; latvia; lithuania; regions; trade; value
• Design Thinking Method Implementation in Personnel Certification Procedures by Malynovska, Galyna ; Mosora, Larysa ; Kis, Sviatoslav ; Topolnytska, Tetiana ; Kalambet, Yaryna (2021) - The research goal is achieved by setting and solving the following tasks: - to investigate the theoretical and methodological basis of design thinking procedure, to establish the pos- sibilities and ways of its practical application in the processes of human resource development of the orga- nization; » to improve the implementation of international certification processes for professional drillers with the help of the prototyping tool; » to develop recommendations and evaluate the influence on the certification procedures according to the international standards. Introduction Research problem Novelty Aim European Integrat ion Studies2021/15 24 The research goal is implemented by setting and achieving the following goals: » to investigate the theoretical and methodological basis of design thinking procedure, to es- tablish the possibilities and ways of its practical application in the processes of human re- source development of the organization; » to improve the approach to the implementation of international certification procedures for specialists-drillers with the help of the prototyping tool; » to demonstrate the practical feasibility, stages and procedures of using design thinking in the processes of international certification of oil and gas enterprises personnel; » to develop recommendations and evaluate the influence on the certification procedures for drillers according to international standards. Keywords: certification; design; design thinking; development; education; gas; management; oil; personnel; procedures; processes; results; standards; thinking; training
• Regional Aspects and Development Opportunities in Bulgaria in the Context of the European Green Deal by Petrov, Kamen ; Tsonkov, Nikolay (2022) - Thus, a high degree of auton- omy of production in terms of the technological process will be achieved, and the installation of photovoltaic systems on the roof structures of buildings will achieve energy efficiency and electricity autonomy (Sustainable energy strategy development of the Republic of Bulgaria until 2030 with horizon until 2050, 2021). Sustainable energy strategy development of the Republic of Bulgaria until 2030 with horizon until 2050, 2021. 109 European Integrat ion Studies 2022/16 About the authors This article is an Open Access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords: bulgaria; deal; development; economy; energy; european; green; information; power; regions; state; systems; technologies; transformation; transition; use
• Main Priorities for a Green Deal Towards a Climate - Neutral Europe by Pelsa, Inese; Balina, Signe (2022) - Over the last 15 years, green economies have become increasingly important and have been given an increasing role by policy makers. Initially, a literature re- view was performed, evaluating the scientific literature - scientific articles, books on sustainable development, green growth, green economy. Keywords: change; climate; commission; development; economy; egd; emissions; energy; european; goals; green; growth; new
• Nordic-Baltic Cooperation: Old-new Trends or Possible Balance for Challenged European Integration Processes? by Barynienė, Jurgita; Paužaitė, Živilė; Daugėlienė, Rasa (2022) - Interact launched in early 2016 a study called ‘Added value of macro-regional cooperation: collecting practice exam- ples’. The focus of the study was on projects implemented in the Baltic Sea and Danube regions as well as on their funding instruments, analysing where these projects and funding sources see the added value of macro-regional cooperation (European Regional Development Fund, 2017 ). Keywords: baltic; challenges; cooperation; countries; development; european; integration; macro; regional; sea; strategies
• Corporate Social Responsibility – Assessment of Facilitating and Impeding Factors for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Latvia by Ņikadimovs, Oļegs (2023) - Reviewing CSR developments in the last 20 years, it can be concluded that 2000’s designated a new overall era and a new outlook on CSR as the strategic tool that should be incorporated into CSR Concepts and Developments 225 European Integrat ion Studies 2023/17 the core business strategies - it becomes a crucial corporate choice that impacts stakehold- ers and sustainability (Dahlsrud, 2006). See Table 3 for the timeline of CSR developments in Latvia. Keywords: business; companies; company; csr; development; enterprises; environmental; european; factors; initiatives; lack; latvia; national; practices; responsibility; smes; social; stakeholders; sustainability
• Exploring Growth Strategies of European Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Service Sector using ChatGPT by Cui, Linmu (2023) - The authors chose Munich be- cause it is a major economic center in Europe, and it has a diverse range of service sector SMEs. To remain competitive, service SMEs must navigate a complex array of challenges, from managing cash flow and budgets to developing and supporting employ- ees, conducting research and development, and building brand awareness. Keywords: analysis; assistance; business; chatgpt; customer; data; development; efficiency; employee; european; growth; help; management; marketing; performance; potential; process; research; sales; sector; service; service sector; smes; strategies; strategy
• Productivity Challenges in Europe During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Priede, Janis (2023) - Many European countries are exhibiting a prolonged slowdown in productivity growth. According to a report by World Economic Forum, a boost to productivity growth is a commonly cited mac- roeconomic silver lining of the COVID-19 crisis. Keywords: competitiveness; countries; development; economic; european; growth; innovation; pandemic; productivity; research
• Driving Growth and Innovation: Exploring Foreign Direct Investment in the Manufacturing Sector (The Case of Lithuania) by Zykiene, Ineta; Leskauskienė, Aistė; Mičiulienė, Ieva; Daugėlienė, Rasa (2023) - Foreign direct investment is considered one of the key elements of globalization. Many scientific sources emphasize that the attraction of direct foreign investments is determined by the country’s valuable resources and opportunities. Keywords: attractiveness; country; development; factors; fdi; indicators; investment; labor; lithuania; manufacturing; manufacturing sector; market; productivity; sector
• Development of Bulgarian Black Sea Municipalities in the Context of European Integration by Petrov, Kamen; Tsonkov, Nikolay (2023) - The scientific results of the study are related to some general conclusions on how Black Sea European integration, connectivity, and overcoming territorial disparities can be achieved. 83 European Integrat ion Studies 2023/17 Development of Bulgarian Black Sea Municipalities in the Context of European Integration https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34275 European Integration Studies No. 17 / 2023, pp. 83-97 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34275 Submitted 03/2023 Accepted for publication 06/2023 Development of Bulgarian Black Sea Municipalities in the Context of European Integration EIS 17/2023 Abstract Introduction Kamen Petrov, Nikolay Tsonkov University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria The Black Sea region is an economic, trade, transport, energy, geostrategic and political crossroads. Keywords: areas; black; black sea; border; bulgaria; coast; connectivity; countries; development; economic; european; integration; municipalities; region; sea; sea region; transport
• EUROPEAN CONVERGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL STRATEGY OF LATVIA by Dubra, Elena (2014) - An analysis of EU convergence policy made an attempt to asses whether the distribution of income across EU-28 has become more equitable in the last years, by analyzing the dispersion of GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS) throughout country members of the European Union. An analysis of EU convergence policy made an attempt to asses whether the distribution of income across EU-28 has become more equitable in the last years, by analyzing the dispersion of GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS) throughout country members of the European Union. Keywords: convergence; convergence policy; development; economic; economy; european; gdp; growth; latvia; national; policy; situation; states; strategy
• INSIGHT INTO RELEVANT TO THE EU GLOBALISATION AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR by Keiss, Stanislavs; Tilta, Elga; Balode, Gunta (2014) - In case of pressing of developing countries to open their market to imported products that compete with products of certain industries, such ones that are dangerously sensitive according to competition of more powerful rivals from other countries, may lead to catastrophic implications in both areas the social and the economic. The International Monetary Fund was authorized to carry out an international pressure also on such countries that would not fulfil their commitments related to an adequate maintaining of the total demand in the world. Keywords: bretton; countries; development; economy; gold; imf; market; monetary; processes; states; system; trade; usa; ussr; war; world; world war
• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND POSSIBILITIES OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR by Voronchuk, Inesa; Starineca, Olga (2014) - ‘the process of systematically and actively managing and leveraging the stores of knowledge in an organisation’ O’dell and Grayson (1998) ‘managing the organization’s knowledge by creating, structuring, dissemination and applying it to enhance organizational performance’ ‘conscious strategy of getting the right knowledge to the right people at the right time and helping people share and put information into action in ways that strive to improve organizational performance’ Brooking (1999) ‘the process by which we manage human centred assets’ ‘the function of knowledge management is to guard and grow knowledge owned by individuals, and where possible, transfer the asset into a form where it can be more readily shared by other employees in the company’ Alavi and Leidner (1999) ‘process to acquire, organize, and communicate knowledge of employees so others may be more effective in their work’ Hubert (2000) ‘conscious strategy of putting both tacit and explicit knowledge into action by creating context, infrastructure, and learning cycles that enable people to find and use the collective knowledge of the enterprise’ Groff and Jones (2003) ‘the tools, techniques, and strategies to retain, analyse, organize, improve, and share business expertise’ Andriessen (2004) ‘organizing and optimizing knowledge processes’ Frappaolo (2006) Use of the explicit knowledge in the workplace Condition Explicit knowledge Work process Organized tasks Routine Orchestrated Assumes a predictable environment Linear Reuse codified knowledge Create knowledge objects Learn On the job Trial-and-error Self-directed in areas of greatest expertise Meet work goals and objectives set by organization Teach Trainer designed using syllabus Uses formats selected by organization Based on goals and needs of the organization May be outsourced Share knowledge Extract knowledge from person Code Store and reuse as needed for customers E-mail Electronic discussions Forums Type of thinking Logical Based on facts Use proven methods Primarily convergent thinking Evaluation Based on tangible work accomplishments Not necessarily on creativity and knowledge sharing Source: Smith (2001). Keywords: activities; administration; authors; development; economy; education; employees; issn; knowledge; knowledge management; latvia; learning; management; organisation; people; process; public; sector; university
• INTEGRATED EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY IN BALTIC COUNTRIES by Krisciunas, Kestutis; Cizauskaite-Butkaliuk, Aurelija (2014) - Keywords: Knowledge based economy, Sustainable development, Sustainable knowledge based economy index, Integrated evaluation, Multi-criteria index. The aim of the study was reached using the original integrated multi-criteria Sustainable knowledge based economy index. Keywords: countries; development; economy; estonia; european; index; indicators; innovation; knowledge; lithuania; research; sub

• THE PROCEDURE OF FINANCING THE NATIONAL BLOOD SERVICE OF LATVIA by Mistre, Zane; Rudusa, Ilva; Zvaigzne, Anda (2011) - 57,35% 66,50% 67,57% 72,65% 76,73% compensati- on for blood 42,65% 33,50% 32,43% 27,35% 23,27% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% maintenan- ce 76,94% 80,11% 78,43% 79,47% 79,50% compensati- on for blood 23,06% 19,89% 21,57% 20,53% 20,50% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% maintenan- ce 81,13% 84,84% 82,18% 82,74% 84,62% compensati- on for blood 18,87% 15,16% 17,82% 17,26% 15,38% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% maintenan- ce 81,50% 84,67% 81,98% 83,27% 84,41% compensati- on for blood 18,50% 15,33% 18,02% 16,73% 15,59% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% maintenan- ce 70,03% 74,95% 83,92% 74,96% 79,91% compensati- on for blood 29,97% 25,05% 16,08% 25,04% 20,09% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00%Latgale Rīga Vidzeme Kurzeme Zemgale Source: developed by the authors according to information of the SBDC’s Department of Planning and Economy Abstract The National Blood Service of Latvia is a set of regional medical institutions and their structural units in Latvia that produce blood components and supply them to medical institutions. Keywords: bes; blood; blood donor; centre; latvia; sbdc; state blood
• THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND THE DISCOURSES OF LATVIA’S POLITICAL PARTIES by Sile, Vija; Dzalbe, Ilze (2011) - Keywords: Financial crisis, political party discourses, knowledge. Introduction The social problem which prompted the study to be conducted in the low level of public trust in representatives of state authorities (in political parties, parliament and the government). Keywords: analysis; crisis; discourse; january; latvia; opposition; parties; party; people; politicians; public; representatives; situation; society; values
• COMPLIANCE AND THE RECOVERY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: NEW CHALLENGES FOR LATVIA’S BANKING SECTOR by Lagzdins, Arnis; Sloka, Biruta (2011) - Basel Committee on banking supervision is leading international institution setting up high-level compliance principles on bank’s management of compliance risk. The key regulatory concepts that comprise Compliance are defined by Mills (2008) as: Compliance risk; Reputational risk; Regulatory sanctions; Compliance laws, rules and standards; Compliance function; Compliance universe; Compliance department; Compliance Officer; Compliance culture; Cost of compliance. Keywords: banking; banks; compliance; european; financial; latvia; level; line; market; regulation; risk; rules; sanctions; sector
• LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE REGIONS OF LATVIA by Znotina, Daina; Jermolajeva, Elita (2011) - As the number of population is decreasing due to a low birth rate and a high migration rate, which is a topical problem in Latvia, it is essential to increase labour productivity. Thus, it is significant to research labour productivity by kinds of economic activities in the regions to reveal branches where it is essential to increase labour productivity. Keywords: activities; capital; labour; labour productivity; latvia; productivity; region; services; value
• EVALUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST ACCOMMODATION IN THE REGIONS OF LATVIA by Muska, Aina; Bite, Ligita (2011) - During the research period from 2005-2009 the analysis of the structure of the serviced people in tourist accommodation revealed that more than 60% of the people serviced in tourist accommodation establishments are foreign tourists. 5 statistical indicators were selected for the cluster analysis: the number of tourist accommodation establishments, the number of beds per tourist accommodation establishment, the number of serviced people, the number of businesses and entrepreneurs in the accommodation and catering service sector, the value of Defert’s function. Keywords: beds; cluster; hotels; latvia; number; regions; research; riga; tourism; tourist accommodation
• Informacija apie autorius by test, test test (2011) - phone: +37129415644, e-mail: inta@ru.lv KUZMINA-MERLINO Irina, Dr. oec., professor, Riga International School of Economics and Business Administration, scientific research areas: accounting and finance techniques and methods, entrepreneurship development in Latvia, phone: +37129610918, e-mail: irina.kuzmina@riseba.lv LAGZDINS Arnis, PhD student of School of Business and Finance, Riga, Republic of Latvia, study program “Business Administration”, phone: + 371 26303310, e mail: 8, Kaunas E-mail: egidijus_liutkus@yahoo.com Phone (+370) 37-2225216 LUKASHINA Olga, Dr. oec.,ass. Keywords: economics; latvia; mail; phone; university
• EFFICIENT CONSUMER RESPONSE (ECR) PRINCIPLES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN RETAIL TRADE ENTERPRISES IN LATVIA by Zvirgzdiņa, Rosita; Liniņa, Iveta; Vēvere, Velga (2015) - ECR, retail trade, assortment, consumers’ needs, product category management. In the contemporary age of information consumer can easily obtain the information about the best offer, therefore retail trade enterprises should find possibilities to be leaders in the struggle for the client and to form long-term relationship with him. Keywords: assortment; category management; consumer; ecr; enterprises; latvia; product; product category; trade
• ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS FOR BUSINESS START by Sloka, Biruta; Kantāne, Ināra; Jermolajeva, Elita; Avotins, Valdis (2016) - The tasks of the current research: analysis of theoretical findings in scientific publications; analysis of new business starter’s views on barriers for business start; statistical analysis of new business starter’s evaluations on business start barriers by help of different statistical analysis methods. The tasks of the current research: analysis of theoretical findings in scientific publi­ cations; analysis of new business starters views on barriers for business start; to perform statistical analysis of new business starters evaluations on business barriers. Keywords: analysis; availability; barriers; business; capital; european; lack; latvia; management; research; start; starters
• EXPLORING THE OBSTACLES OF LATVIAN FOOD COMPANIES EXPORT TO CHINA by Feng, Haidong; Viksne, Kaspars (2016) - Based on the research of Latvian food company export, the authors analyze the marketing strategy of China food market. First, the authors analyze the over­ view of China’s food market identifying market scale of China, market growth drivers in China, and forecasts of Chinese food market. Keywords: barriers; china; chinese; companies; european; export; food; growth; labelling; latvia; market; production; products; regulations; trade; world
• ROLE OF INTERNET MARKETING FOR EXPORTING AND NOT EXPORTING COMPANIES (RESULTS OF RECENT COMPANY SURVEY IN LATVIA) by Sloka, Biruta; Kantāne, Ināra; Vidruska, Renāte (2016) - Internet marketing has bigger and bigger role as the information technologies development pushes to open new challenges and new options for mere efficient marketing applications, in­ cluding development of internet marketing. 44–51 DOI 10.5755/j01.eis.0.10.16282 © Kaunas University of Technology Abstract Introduction The aim of current paper is to analyse the role of internet marketing for exporting and non–exporting companies. Keywords: companies; evaluations; exporting; indicators; internet; latvia; marketing; role; use
• INDEXES AS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERIZING INSTRUMENTS by Vevere, Velga; Zvirgzdina, Rosita; Linina, Iveta (2017) - One of the most operative approaches is to employ various country evaluation indexes that are available. European Integrat ion Studies 2017/11 220 Indexes as Business Environment Characterizing Instruments http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.11.18645 Velga Vevere The University College of Economics and Culture, Lomonosova 1/4, Riga LV-1019, Latvia e-mail: velga.vevere@gmail.com Rosita Zvirgzdina Turiba University, 68 Graudu st., Riga LV-1058, Latvia, e-mail: rosita@turiba.lv Iveta Linina Turiba University, 68 Graudu st., Riga LV-1058, Latvia, Iveta.linina@turiba.lv Submitted 04/2017 Accepted for publication 08/2017 Indexes as Business Environment Characterizing Instruments EIS 11/2017 Abstract European Integration Studies No. 11 / 2017 pp. 220-232 DOI 10.5755/j01.eis.0.11.18645 © Kaunas University of Technology Introduction Every year several world organizations evaluate countries according different criteria and determine their indexes, such as KOF Index of Globalization, Corruption Perception Index, Global Competitiveness Index, Global Innovation Index, and others. Keywords: average; business; competitiveness; corruption; countries; country; environment; european; globalization; index; indexes; innovation; latvia; level
• AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF LATVIAN BRANDS COMPETITIVENESS IN CHINA by Feng, Haidong (2017) - First of all, we will make a market- ing survey of the distribution of Latvian brands consumers in different age groups. Thirties Talking about Latvian brands consumers in thirties, they usually like spending more on cloth- ing and some food, and go to buy their favorite food in shopping centers or internet. Keywords: amber; brands; business; china; chinese; cities; companies; competitiveness; consumers; european; latvia; marketing; people; products; riga
• PRIVATE FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES by Arefjevs, Ilja; Spiridonovs, Jurijs; Tocelovska, Natalja (2018) - Private infrastructure investments evolve from various sources. Quite similar findings are pre- sented by European Investment Bank (European Investment Bank Papers, 2010), stating insti- tutional and private investors have become very active investments into public infrastructure in recent years. Keywords: bank; enterprises; european; experts; financing; funding; infrastructure; investment; latvia; partnerships; projects; research; state
• PRODUCTIVITY TRAP IN LATVIA by Jekabsone, Sandra; Skribane, Irina (2018) - Therefor further attention will be stressed to labour productivity, where essence of TFP is one of productivity growth factors. The tasks of the research is to determine the main factors that influence labour productivity in Latvia in last 10 years, to compare productivity levels in Latvia and other EU country and to evaluate the current policy measures to in- crease labour productivity in Latvia. Keywords: capital; economic; growth; increase; labour; latvia; level; output; production; productivity; research; resources
• BRAND RECOGNITION OF THE TEX MEX PRODUCTS IN LATVIA by Brence, Ieva; Bogomazovs, Juris (2019) - Analyzing data by age groups, one can find the greatest popularity of Santa Maria brand products in the age group 25-34, accounting for 80% of 195 respondents. 48.9% of the respondents at age 15-24 mainly buy Santa Maria brand products, while Virtuosso brand products are mainly purchased by 12.6%. Keywords: age; brand; latvia; maria; market; mex; products; recognition; respondents; santa; tex; tex mex
• INTERNET USE FOR SHOPPING IN LATVIA: FINDINGS BY RECENT SURVEY by Sloka, Biruta; Čipāne, Kate; Volvenkins, Sergejs (2019) - Aspects of the association between financial literacy and problematic internet shopping in a mul- tinational sample indicating several problems and challenmges buy Lam & Lam (2017) have concluded that results of research in three continents showed that enhancement of financial literacy in the general population, particularly among young people have a positive effect on the European Integrat ion Studies 2019/13 110 occurrence of problems in internet shopping. Abstract Internet Use for Shopping in Latvia: Findings by Recent Survey http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.13.23496 Biruta Sloka, University of Latvia Recent developments of internet applications and increase in application of various information technol- ogies have supported fast development of internet shopping worldwide and also important topics for ac- ademic researchers. Keywords: analysis; information; internet; internet shopping; latvia; research; respondents; shopping; survey; use
• Financial Companies in Latvia: Why are they Coming to the Bond Market? by Tocelovska, Natalja; Sloka, Biruta; Purmalis, Karlis (2019) - FSI segment is the forming segment of Latvian corporate bond market. The financing needs and preferences of the FSIs not only shape the segment profitability but also build Latvian corporate bond market sustainability. Keywords: bond; bond market; cost; factors; fsi; funding; issue; latvia; market; segment
• Use of Social Network Sites Depending on the Country of Origin of the Social Network Site User by Sander, Tom; Sloka, Biruta (2019) - Such aspects of SNSs use are under the academic researchers’ interest worldwide. The aim of the research is to investigate how people use SNSs and to ana- lyze reasons to use SNSs, as well as analyze differences of SNSs use depending upon the respondent’s country of origin. Keywords: capital; correlation; countries; differences; evaluations; germany; hungary; information; latvia; median; network; respondents; results; snss; use
• INCOME DIFFERENCES IN REGIONS OF LATVIA – PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES by Sloka, Biruta; Jekabsone, Inga; Cipane, Kate; Vasina, Sabine Anete (2019) - Purpose of the study is to analyse income differences in the regions of Latvia. The tasks of the study: 1 to review theoretical background of income differences in context of regional development; 2 to review existing research of income differences in the regions in EU; 3 to analyse problems of income indifferences in the regions of Latvia. Keywords: data; differences; household; income; inequality; latvia; regions; results
• PROMOTION OF EMPLOYEES KNOWLEDGE BUILDING VIA FLEXIBLE WORKING TIME: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND EVIDENCE FROM LATVIA by Author (2010) - There are several possibilities for knowledge building via flexible working time, especially in case flexible working time is applied at current stage, until economic slowdown comes to an end: 1) employees who study in higher education institutions may use the reduced working times for devoting themselves more to studies, 2) promotion of knowledge building is supported by state institutions (State Employment Agency) allowing to participate in training courses for professional growth and life-long education of persons working part-time and being subject to unemployment threats for total value of 300 – 500 Ls (approximately 430 – 710 EUR), 3) in case person is interested in personal growth, adjustment of flexible (and especially reduced) working time may promote his own motivation for further knowledge building that may be used after economic development will start. Also flexible working time is an issue recommended to be applied in organisations within the Eu. Keywords: building; employees; employment; flexibility; knowledge; knowledge building; labour; latvia; learning; possibilities; time; working
• COMPETITIVE IDENTITY FOR NATION OF LATVIA – LESSONS TO LEARN FROM NATIONAL HOCKEY TEAM ‘’DINAMO RIGA’’ by Author (2010) - Latvian ice Hockey fans help and promote not only • the game to be more successful, but over previous years they have played significant role in international recognition of Latvia. Latvian ice hockey fans are the most attractive, the loudest, most loyal - there are many names they are called in international media for ISSN 1822-8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. Keywords: brand; dinamo; fan; fans; hockey; ice; latvia; national; place; sports; team
• EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL FUNDS ASSISTANCE FOR YOUNG RESEARCHERS IN LATVIA by Author (2010) - The Eu structural funds assistance impact on number of students at doctoral level in Latvia, 2003-2009 No. Indicators Years 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 European Social fund’s support for doctoral studies and post-doctoral research -- 102645 1792238 2388695 4736132 2724690 7702569 2 chain increase rate,% -- 0.00 1 646.05 33.28 98.27 -42.47 182.70 3 base increase rate,% -- 0.00 1 646.05 2 227.14 4 514.09 2 554.48 7 404.09 4 number master’s degree gained 3183 3608 3382 3173 3237 2602 2578 5 chain increase rate,% -- 13.35 -6.26 -6.18 2.02 -19.62 -0.92 6 base increase rate,% -- 13.35 6.25 -0.31 1.70 -18.25 -19.01 7 number of matriculated doctoral students 418 420 530 484 464 619 618 8 chain increase rate,% -- 0.48 26.19 -8.68 -4.13 33.41 -0.16 9 base increase rate,% -- 0.48 26.79 15.79 11.00 48.09 47.85 10 number of doctoral students enrolled in the prior study areas in the universities, which implemented the ESf project 178 193 231 222 251 304 295 11 chain increase rate,% -- 8.43 19.69 -3.90 13.06 21.12 -2.96 12 base increase rate,% -- 8.43 29.78 24.72 41.01 70.79 65.73 13 number of doctoral students enrolled in the non prior study areas 240 227 299 262 213 315 323 14 chain increase rate,% -- There are some EU structural funds activities that are focused on diminishing such indirectly affecting factors of low number doctoral students as old- fashioned infrastructure of higher education institutions and research institutes – activities No. Keywords: doctoral; education; funds; latvia; number; research; science; students; studies
• CONSISTENT CHOICE AT THE BALLOT BOX: PERCEPTIONS THAT MATTER IN LATVIA AND ESTONIA by Author (2010) - Data on party placement was obtained from party top management (board members, secretaries-general and alike) opinion poll (N=7 for Latvia and N=6 for Estonia) where they placed their own party and other elected parties along 10 point left-right scale. In order to establish whether there is coherence between the mutual appraisal of political parties within the framework of left-right continuum of political orientation and votes casted by voters regarding their self-placement of left-right political orientation, a correlation analysis was applied. Keywords: belonging; continuum; data; estonia; europe; latvia; left; parties; placement; right; self
• THE ECONOMICS OF RURAL HERITAGE PARKS: WILLINGNESS TO PAY by Author (2010) - Socio-economic and other trip-related measurements by visitors of Maija park This section presents the summary statistics of the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, and also respondents’ responses regarding their perceptions and attitudes. Characteristics of visits: the most popular type of transportation to Maija park was car (38.6%) followed by tour bus (7.1%), bus/aeroplane (11.8%) and walker (42.5%). Keywords: economics; heritage; latvia; maija; park; research; respondents; tourism; visitors; willingness; wtp
• Information about the article’s authors by Author (2010) - professor; Riga Stradiņš University; +371 67 409 161; Ilga_kreituse@rsu.lv KRIšČIŪnAS Kęstutis, Prof. Habil Dr. of technical sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Europe; +370 37 30 01 37, e-mail kestutis.krisciunas@ktu.lt latviete Ilze, Professional Master’s degree in Economics and Business Management, Latvia University of Agriculture, Phone: +37126358706, email: Ilze.Latviete@lm.gov.lv MAGOnE prof., Riga Stradiņš University, phone:+26446362, E-mail: ritma.rungule@ rsu.lv SILIŅA Linda, Dr.oec., assistant professor, Indicating science field is structural development of agriculture, Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Economics Department of Entrepreneurship and Management, phone +37129462090, Linda.Silina@llu.lv šĶESTERS Staņislavs, Mg.oec., PhD student, Indicating science fields are land reform, land market, rural development, Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Economics Department of Entrepreneurship and Management, phone +371 26188389, stanislavs.skesters@saeima.lv ISSN 1822-8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. Keywords: latvia; mail; management; phone; university
• PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT AS A PROMOTIONAL FACTOR OF LABOUR MARKET by Author (2009) - Attractiveness is related to employment opportunities. The employers try to reduce labour costs by using part-time employment, split employment or distance employment, e.g. costs related to arranging an office. Keywords: employment; females; hours; labour; latvia; market; number; time; time employment; work
• QUALITY COMPETITIVENESS OF LATVIA AND STRATEGY TO IMPROVE IT by Author (2009) - Evaluation of quality competitiveness of Latvia and suggestions for necessary strategy to improve quality competitiveness is main novelty of this paper. Research object is quality competitiveness of Latvia. Keywords: authors; business; competitiveness; countries; exports; fig; iso; latvia; quality
• THE IMPACT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE ELECTORAL BEHAVIOU R IN YOU NG EU MEMBER STATES: PROBLEM-PO SING AND METHODOLOGICAL APP ROACH. THE CASE OF LATVIA AND ESTONIA by Author (2009) - The economic voting theory stresses that successful work of political parties in the government results in increase of economic indicators and overall growth of the state increases the level of well-being of its people, by also leaving a positive impact upon the eventual re-election chances. The economic voting theory supplements the theory of rational choice, by stressing that successful work of political parties in the government results in the increase of economic indicators and overall growth of the state increases the level of well-being of its people, by also leaving a positive impact upon the eventual re-election chances. Keywords: choice; elections; electoral; estonia; factors; government; latvia; participation; parties; research; time; voting
• ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENVIRONMENT AND REGIONAL POLICY by Author (2009) - Changes in production in Latvia 1990-2006 (%, in comparable prices, 1990=100%) Branches 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2006 Industry 38.3 46.9 51.2 55.5 59.1 66.3 of which mining 38.8 58.8 68.6 84.8 89.3 107.7 food industry 37.8 42.8 45.7 48.0 50.9 59.2 Agriculture 46.8 37.3 39.4 41.0 42.1 45.1 of which crop production 65.4 60.2 58.8 64.7 60.4 74.8 livestock production 37.8 27.0 30.3 30.1 30.9 32.0 Source: Latvian Statistical Yearbook 1999., 2004., 2007. - Riga. In 2007, the production in agriculture made 50.8% of the level of 1990, inter alia in crop production 87.9%, but in livestock production – 34.5%. Keywords: agriculture; entrepreneurship; latvia; level; period; production; proportion; regions
• Marketing Communications of Latvian Social Enterprises from a Consumer Perspective: Practical Suggestions for Improvement: Practical Suggestions for Improvement by Casno, Kristīne; Šķiltere, Daina ; Sloka, Biruta (2020) - 226-237 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.14.26381 Abstract Marketing Communications of Latvian Social Enterprises from a Consumer Perspective: Practical Suggestions for Improvement http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.14.26373 The purpose of this study is twofold - to contribute to the further understanding of social enterprises’ marketing by providing a consumers’ perspective on the content that social enterprises generate in order for them to be able to better understand their strengths and weaknesses and to establish a reference point with regards the current situation in social enterprise marketing which will allow to compare and measure improvement in the future and, if needed, provide fact-based evidence to assist social enterprises in their call for support from public authorities. Thus the purpose of this study is twofold - to contribute to the further understanding of social enterprises’ marketing by providing a consumers’ perspective on the content that social enterprises generate in order for them to be able to better understand their strengths and weaknesses and to establish a reference point with regards the current situation in social enterprise marketing which will allow to compare and measure improvement in the future and, if needed, provide fact-based evidence to assist social enterprises in their call for support from public authorities. Keywords: age; content; economy; enterprises; entrepreneurship; european; latvia; marketing; research; respondents; survey
• Between the State and the Kin in Latvia: One-Person Household Social Security from Social Antropological Perspective by Rolle, Kristīne; Lūse, Agita (2020) - The focus of state social policies on the economically independent individual, as well as conditions of market economy have changed the way people in Latvia understand their relationships, both to their kin and the state. Drawing on our ethnographic data, we explore instances when the state welfare system failed to provide an individual with social security and inquire into the degree the family and kinship ties in such circumstances are likely to be re-established. Keywords: care; children; data; european; family; household; kinship; latvia; person; poverty; research; security; state; studies; ties; welfare
• Tax Incentives as a Part of Governments’ Applied Mechanisms for the Third Pension Pillar in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania by Dundure, Evija; Sloka, Biruta (2020) - One of the greatest challenges of governments is to increase public accountability for pension capital formation by creating private pension savings in the third pension pillar - pension funds. An issue that was not addressed in this study was whether the Baltic countries have non-tax incentives for private pension savings and what their impact might be. Keywords: contributions; countries; estonia; funds; incentives; latvia; lithuania; pension; pillar; tax
• Public Financing Support Options to Micro-Enterprises for Innovation by Beizitere, Ilona; Brence, Ieva; Sloka, Biruta (2020) - Representatives of other micro-enterprises groups had quite sim- ilar views. An important conclusion of the study was that smaller companies have significantly greater problems with access to finance than larger companies. Keywords: access; altum; business; companies; enterprises; european; finance; financing; funding; growth; innovation; latvia; loan; micro; support
• Financial Literacy Self-Evaluation of Young People in Latvia by Dundure, Evija; Sloka, Biruta (2021) - Financial literacy is a very deep researched aspect world-wide especially after the global finan- cial crisis in 2009 with special attention to financial literacy of inhabitants in different parts of the globe – in Europe (Magistro 2017; Romanova & Kudinska, 2017; Angelini, Bertoni, Stella. & Weiss, 2019). The aim of this study is survey financial literacy level in the issues of the pension system in Lat- via. Keywords: age; evaluations; knowledge; latvia; level; literacy; pension; people; savings; system
• Social Entrepreneurship Intentions Among Business Students in Latvia by Vevere, Velga; Cerkovskis, Edgars; Sannikova, Aija (2021) - The survey contained questions regarding students’ socio-demographic profile (age, education and work experience), general attitude towards social business, intention to engage in social entrepreneurship, atti- tude to possible engagement in social entrepreneurship, characteristics of a social entrepreneur, challenges faced by the social entrepreneur. The main results can be summed up as follows: » Applying the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test to the data set, it appears that women value the role of social enterprises much higher than men; » The results of the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test show that the education level of the respondents influences the assessment of social entrepreneurship social goals and business goal priorities; » Keywords: business; education; entrepreneurship; european; kruskal; latvia; results; society; students; test; wallis; work
• Going Global or Staying Local: Determinants of Domestic and International Corporate Bond Issues in the Baltics by Tocelovska, Natalja; Vainovskis, Oskars ; Lenerts, Tenis (2023) - This observation is also consistent with the previous research indicating that as a country’s economy becomes more open, the need for external financing increases, leading to greater penetration of international bond markets. Levisauskaite et al. (2014) included both Latvia and Lithuania in their analysis of the link between the stock market and sovereign bond markets in the European Union (EU) countries, while one of the conclusions indicated that the Lithuanian market distinguished from other Eu- ropean countries as assumed by the authors, potentially caused by lack of data, different indi- European Integrat ion Studies2023/17 144 ces used or the country being among new members of the European Union. Keywords: analysis; baltic; bond; bond issuance; bond market; companies; country; determinants; european; firm; gdp; issuance; latvia; level; market
• Problems and Solutions of Multi-apartment Housing Management in Latvia by Zvirgzdina, Rosita; Straupe, Ervins; Linina, Iveta (2023) - When studying the essence of multi-apartment housing management, a survey of multi-apart- ment housing owners is used. From these problems in the management of multi-apartment houses, a series of legal and organization- al problems arise - for example, property status and related decision-making regarding house management, maintenance and development issues. Keywords: apartment; apartment buildings; apartment owners; buildings; houses; housing; information; latvia; management; manager; owners; respondents
• ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEUR’S MOTIVATION TO START BUSINESS (COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN LATVIA IN COMPARISON WITH CANADA, USA, MEXICO) by Sloka, Biruta; Kantane, Inara; Avotins, Valdis; Jermolajeva, Elita (2014) - Tasks of the current paper are: to find out the results of opinion of starting entrepreneurs, which factors are more important; find out the complex factors of entrepreneurs motivation to start business and make comparisons with the results in other countries; find out the opinion differences of starting entrepreneurs by age groups and by education level. Tasks of the current paper are: to find out the results of opinion of starting entrepreneurs, which factors are more important; find out the complex factors of entrepreneurs motivation to start business and make comparisons with the results in other countries; find out the opinion differences of starting entrepreneurs by age groups and by education level. Keywords: age; business; entrepreneurs; factors; groups; latvia; motivation; start; success
• PUBLIC TRUST AND PARTICIPATION DEPENDING ON ETHNICITY IN LATVIA by Vorslava, Maija; Seimuskane, Lilita; Pukis, Maris (2014) - In Latvia trust indicators are also markedly low – 17% residents of Latvia trust in the national parliament, 21% – in the government, but the indicator of trust in political parties is explicitly critical – it constitutes only 6%. Italy (10%; 10%), In Latvia trust indicators are markedly low and Latvia belongs to those Member Countries of the European Union whose level of public trust is defined as low – 17% residents of Latvia trust in the national parliament, 21% – in the government, but the indicator of trust in political parties is explicitly critical – it constitutes only 6% and is one of the lowest in the European Union. Keywords: citizens; european; government; latvia; latvians; national; participation; people; public; residents; society; trust
• Information about article's authors by Kazlauskas, Stasys (2014) - BARYNIENĖ Jurgita, Lecturer, Kaunas University of Technology Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities Institute of Europe, e-mail: jurgita.baryniene@ktu.lt BOGDAŅECS Aleksejs B. Oec., Quality Manager, Novikontas Maritime College, +371 29511079, ab@novikontas.lv BULIGINA Ilze, PhD student, Public administration, University of Latvia, 00371 29478176, ilze.buligina@gmail.com, ČIŽAUSKAITĖ-BUTKALIUK Aurelija holds a master degree (2012) in Management and bachelor degree (2009) in Economy from Siauliai university with a focus on knowledge based economy, Phone: +370 604 39999, E-mail: aurelijacizauskaite@gmail.com DAUGĖLIENĖ Rasa, associate professor, PhD in Social Sciences (management and administration); Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Institute of Europe. ,Assoc.prof, University College of Economics and Culture, phone number: +37129115177, e-mail: anita.lasmane@gmail.com, LINE Antra, Mag. Keywords: faculty; latvia; mail; management; sciences; university

• THE EU SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS AND „EUROPEAN BONDS“ OPTION by Junevicius, Algis; Liutkus, Egidijus (2011) - EU sovereign debt crisis ride out: “European bonds” solution Recent decisions by European fi scal and monetary authorities, sovereign debt issues continue to destroy the weak economic recovery. Also authors consider “European bonds” as a tool to solve EU debt crisis and ensure future financial stability of all EU countries. Keywords: bonds; borrowing; countries; crisis; debt; european; interest; juncker; market; problem; tremonti
• QUALITY COMPETITIVENESS OF LATVIA’S WOOD INDUSTRY by Priede, Janis; Skapars, Roberts (2011) - He infers countries’ unobserved product quality by allowing market shares to influence quality estimates, so that products with larger market shares have higher quality (conditional on price) and vice-versa. Quality competitiveness of country and industry Theoretical and empirical research increasingly point to the importance of product quality in international trade and economic development (Hallak, Schott, 2008). Keywords: competitiveness; countries; export; industries; product; quality; unit; value; wood; year
• TOWARDS STRONGER NORMATIVE POWER: THE NATURE OF SHIFT IN EU FOREIGN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE by Vitkus, Gediminas (2015) - That is why in this article the goal is to take a more in-depth look at how and why the mentioned configuration evolved from the earlier complete dissonance of EU state policies regarding Russia. com/opinions/toomas-hendrik-ilves-the-united- states-and-europe-need-a-new-rulebook-for- russia/2014/03/27/e15dad62-b5bb-11e3-8020- b2d790b3c9e1_story.html Janning J. (2015), “Note from Berlin: The Fran- co-German alliance is back – for now”, ECFR Com- mentary, 17th April, 2015, http://www.ecfr.eu/ 19 European Integrat ion Studies 2015/9 article/commentary_note_from_berlin_the_fran- co_german_alliance_is_back_for_now3004 Kobzova J.(2015), “View from Bratislava: Slovakia changes course on Russia”, ECFR Commentary, 09th March, 2015, Retrieved May 29, 2015, from http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_slova- kia_changes_course_on_russia311312 Liedekerke, A. de (2015), “Political Cacophony in the East: Višegrad Fraying at the Seams”, Yale Journal of International Affairs, Nov 10, 2014, Re- trieved May 23, 2015, from http://yalejournal. org/article_post/political-cacophony-in-the-east- visegrad-fraying-at-the-seams/. Leonard M, Popescu N. (2007), A Power Audit of EU – Russia Relations, European Council on For- eign Relation, Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http:// ecfr.eu/page/-/ECFR-02_A_POWER_AUDIT_OF_ EU-RUSSIA_RELATIONS.pdf Marušiak J. (2013), “Slovakia’s Eastern policy – from the Trojan horse of Russia to ‘Eastern mul- tivectoralism,’” International Issues & Slovak For- eign Policy Affairs, Keywords: countries; european; foreign; germany; member; new; policy; position; relations; russia; sanctions; states; ukraine; union
• COINTEGRATION OF MONETARY POLICY IN GCC COUNTRIES AS MEASURE OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION by Mlodkowski, Pawel (2015) - The efficiency of monetary policy in achieving its goals requires knowledge of variables influenc- ing private agents’ reaction to changes in monetary policy stance they perceive. There may be many country-specific factors, but persistence of asymmetry in monetary policy in this particular case allows for skeptical thoughts. Keywords: countries; currency; economic; gcc; integration; mlodkowski; monetary; money; policy; stance; studies
• FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AS THE CAUSE FOR PROBLEMS TO PREVENT THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY by Keinis, Virginijs (2016) - The principles of free movement and human rights, principles that have been at the heart of European integration and self–identity, are severely strained as some Member States put up razor fences, introduce temporary border checks in free movement zones, dissuade refugees from coming, or in other ways deny access to the EU. Together with this, another problem is outlining – is the current instruments to limit free movement for the cause of national security enough to prevent certain security risks? Keywords: countries; european; free; immigration; movement; national; persons; schengen; security; situation; threats
• Cultural integration and cross-cultural management challenges in the Central European Countries: Lithuania and Poland by Greblikaite, Jolita; SROKA, Włodzimierz; DAUGĖLIENĖ, Rasa; KUROWSKA-PYSZ, Joanna (2016) - The research presents actuality of cultural integration and cross–cultural management in terms of society and business in Poland and Lithuania integrating different cultural groups and ethnic minorities in labour mar­ ket of both countries. As the main research method, a critical analysis of scientific literature on cultural integration and cross–cultural management applied in the companies as well as secondary research data and legal documents are analysed focusing on both countries – Lithuania and Poland. Keywords: business; citizens; companies; countries; country; cross; culture; european; integration; labour; lithuania; management; market; national; new; people; poland; situation; social; studies
• STABILIZATION THROUGH INSTITUTIONALIZATION?: INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS AS A SUCCESS FACTOR IN THE REFORM PROCESS by Stryjek, Joanna (2017) - Secondly, as it was previously explained, the most valued EU offer – i.e., the possibility of EU membership – was not on the table. According to his suggestions, democratization could be coherently promoted in the ENP countries in two ways: (1) by delimiting the policy to unilateral transfers conditional on democratization alone, or (2) by offering EU membership to the countries covered by the neighborhood policy. Keywords: countries; eastern; enp; european; institutionalization; neighborhood; neighbors; policy; process; relations
• REGIONAL COOPERATION WITHIN THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP by Zajaczkowski, Malgorzata (2017) - In the absence of regular form of cooperation between the partner countries the EU has offered four thematic platforms which covered: (1) democracy, good governance and stability, (2) eco- nomic integration and convergence with EU policies; (3) energy security and (4) contacts between people. European Union (EU), Eastern Partnership (EaP), European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), regional cooperation, Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas (DCFTA). Keywords: cooperation; countries; eap; eastern; enp; european; partners; partnership; policy; ukraine
• THE PROS AND CONS OF INTEGRATION VS. DISINTEGRATION SCENARIOS FOR EUROPE by Umiński, Stanisław (2017) - Membership in the EU does not automatically guarantee the improved quality of life for the next generations, and high unemployment among the young people in the EU MS indicates it. Those who want to integrate closer, to be an avantgarde and wish to build the stronger union – shall have a chance to do so, _ multi-speed EU is nothing new, the EU has been functioning with multiple speeds for long, the examples being many opt-outs (also for Poland: Charter of Fundamental Rights), for the UK and Denmark (not in the Eurozone), _ Keywords: countries; crisis; european; eurozone; integration; policy; process; scenarios; sovereignty; speed
• E PLURIBUS UNUM? THE COMMUNITARIZATION OF EU MIGRATION, ASYLUM AND BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES IN TIMES OF CRISIS by Emiliani, Tommaso (2017) - While the neo-functionalist logic explains the emergence of the external dimension of EU migration policies, it may also explain this development is currently limited to certain areas within the policy area. EU external engagement, EU migration policy, EU asylum policy, EU border manage- ment policy, External dimension, EU actorness. Keywords: asylum; border; border management; council; countries; eu migration; european; management; member; migration; policies; policy; states; union
• TWENTY YEARS OF “GROWTH, JOBS AND INVESTMENTS” STRATEGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION–MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AFTER THE MAASTRICHT TREATY by Kaivo-oja, Jari; Haukioj, Teemu; Karppinen, Ari (2017) - Figure 3 raises some interesting questions concerning economic growth policy and the role of government in welfare generation processes. Since the creation of the EU, its focal economic objective has been to achieve economic growth and improved employment. Keywords: average; countries; european; figure; gei; growth; years
• SUB-STATE MOBILIZATION IN ‘HIGH POLITICS’: THE ROLE OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY by Oikonomou, Giorgio (2018) - This article focuses on the role of subnational institutions in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), a relatively new policy area compared to other established EU policies. Moreover, the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) serves as a distinct policy tool for enhancing territorial development and coop- eration, allowing for the engagement of subnational actors from different EU countries –and third countries as well. Keywords: authorities; cooperation; cor; countries; egtc; enp; european; mobilization; neighbourhood; policy; regional
• Economic Integration and Corruption - EU Enlargement in Western Balkans by Laurila, Hannu (2018) - Corruption and economic performance The question about the economic effects of corruption has been widely discussed in the econom- ic literature (for recent summaries, see Ugur, 2014; and Popov, 2015). Transparency International warns from the risks of acceleration and spreading of corruption in eco- nomic integration between states with different levels of integrity, and draws ambitious guidelines for optimal anticorruption policy. Keywords: candidate; corruption; countries; european; governance; international; quality; states
• ECONOMIC GROWTH PROJECTION FOR EUROPEAN UNION BY 2030 by Mlodkowski, Pawel (2019) - The complementary policy in regard to immigrant allocation among EU countries could be based on the projected growth rate. Expanding the labor force in expected to perform poorly economies, may generate real growth of output, motivated by additional domestic demand, and abundance of otherwise scarce resource. Keywords: countries; european; function; gdp; growth; labor; output; production; studies
• Variations in the quality of government within the European Union: A comparative approach of Northern and Southern public bureaucracies by Oikonomou, Giorgio (2019) - Overall, Nordic administrative model is decentralized based on the extensive use of inde- pendent agencies, result-oriented and places emphasis on accountability and transparency through criteria such as openness, efficiency and effectiveness (output legitimacy9) . It is ar- gued that certain traits (legacies) of the political-administrative systems of the countries under examina- tion can explain much of the observed, often striking, variations in the quality of government between the North and the South European bureaucracies KEYWORDS: administrative models; government; quality; institutions; public administration. Keywords: administrative; countries; european; government; greece; italy; model; nordic; performance; quality; southern
• Legal and Politological Aspects of Competition in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Paradigm of the European Integration Process by Imamović-Čizmić, Kanita; Sabljica, Samir (2020) - In this context, one of highly important ones is the area of competition law. Without adequate and prompt amending of the Law on Competition and related by-laws there can be no positive evaluation of the European Commission concerning the progress of Bosnia and Herzegovina. KEYWORDS: competition law, Competition Law of BiH, Council of Competition of BiH, European integration. Keywords: bih; bosnia; competition; competition law; competition policy; competition protection; council; countries; european; herzegovina; legal; market competition; process; state
• STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD’S REGIONS by Author (2010) - Abstract The paper includes the research results on structural development processes in grain production in various regions of the world obtained by analysing the structural composition of output of grain crops and assessing the development trends both in Europe and the other regions of the world. A significant decrease in the areas planted for grain crops in North America can be impacted by two major factors: grain overproduction which exceeds the purchasing • power of consumers and grain processors in the world market; radical progress in the science of grain production • in the USA, which promotes a sharp increase in grain yields, creates favourable preconditions for an increase in the output of grains, while at the same time using smaller areas for grain crops. Keywords: countries; crops; europe; grain; regions; share
• BRAIN DRAIN PROBLEM IN LITHUANIA: PO SSIBLE ACTIONS FO R ITS’ SOLUTION VIA BRAIN GAIN by Author (2009) - Keywords: Brain drain, brain gain, knowledge workers migration, brain gain policies. Different European and Asian countries actions towards brain gain European countries actions towards brain gain Asian countries actions towards brain gain The creation and implementation of programmes  stimulating scientists mobility (e.g. Marie Curie); The accreditation of diplomas; The reduction of cultural (linguistic) barriers (e.g.  there is allowed to teach in English language, in universities). Keywords: brain; brain drain; countries; country; european; gain; knowledge; lithuania; policy; respondents
• STIMULATING PENSION FUNDS INVESTMENTS TO VENTURE CAPITAL: OPPORTUNITIES IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES by Author (2009) - The higher level of venture capital investments can be achieved by stimulating investments of institutional investors into venture capital funds. The tasks of the research: to present the importance of venture capital investments; to explain the relation between venture capital funds and pension funds; to analyze the features of pension funds activities in EU countries and main problems; to provide main obstacles and stimulating instruments of venture capital investments development through pension funds. Keywords: capital; capital funds; countries; funds; funds investments; investments; pension; pension funds; venture; venture capital
• MONETARY POLICY CONVERGENCE IN THE PRE- AND POSTINTEGRATION PERIOD. CASE OF BALTIC STATES AND POLAND by Author (2009) - Similarities and differences in monetary policy stance should be attributable to some global events and regional developments. Statistical methods cover simple correlation and co integration analysis of time series representing monetary policy stance in a form of the MpSI. Keywords: convergence; countries; economic; integration; monetary; money; policy; stance
• DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL BANKING IN THE EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF CENTRAL BANKS: CASE OF LATVIJAS BANKA by Author (2009) - However, the key items on NCB financial statements are similar, and the respective data can be used for comparison of development trends characteristic for NCB performance indicators. In order to compare NCB performance indicators for 2007, the authors of the paper have used the rating methodology proposed by V. Pilsuma (Pilsuma, 2008b). Keywords: bank; central; countries; ecb; escb; european; financial; indicators; latvijas; ncbs; performance; policy; rating; report; states
• EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN AND MEN IN LABOUR MARKET AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION by Author (2008) - The equality of work salary in the labour market between working women and men is shown in the point E, which shows the balance between both genders in economical activity. The analysis of the results of research showed that 81.3 percent of day time women students think that men have more opportunities in labour market. Keywords: countries; equality; european; gap; gender; integration; labour; labour market; lithuania; market; opportunities; research; students; women; work
• EUROPEAN SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES by Author (2008) - Through a brief review of EU social policy development and role in European integration theory, this article will argue that, despite its expansion, EU social policy lacks vital fi nancial and political muscle to signifi cantly affect national welfare regimes and create a European welfare state. Keywords: European Union, social security policy. Keywords: coordination; countries; european; european union; level; member; policy; protection; security; states; system; union
• THE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE COMMON CURRENCY ADOPTION IN LITHUANIA by Author (2008) - Keywords: Optimum currency area theory; monetary integration; common currency adoption; Theil inequality index; structural economic similarity; real convergence. Academic and political interest in monetary integration has existed ever since Mundell’s (1961) famous study pointed to a serious omission in existing exchange rate theory that was the basis of Friedman’s (1953) infl uential “Case for Flexible Exchange Rates”. Keywords: area; countries; currency; integration; monetary; oca; theory; trade; union
• Cost-effectiveness of Prison System Development - Comparison of the European Countries by Kruze, Elina; Priede, Janis (2020) - One of the main reasons for high prison population rates is the practice of sentencing a significant number of convicts to serve long imprisonment terms for property-related offences; this kind of practice leads to high prison density, often resulting in various human rights violations due to overcrowded detention facilities. The possibility to achieve successful resocialization of former prisoners back into society is an ongoing public debate, making it challenging for policymakers to implement prisoner rehabilitation programs capable of maintaining the public safety while allocating public funds in the most efficient way. Keywords: costs; countries; european; gdp; imprisonment; incarceration; prison; prisoners; rates; recidivism
• The Shift of the Policy Towards FDI in European Union: Determinants and Challenges by Borowicz, Aleksandra (2020) - Global foreign foreign investment has fallen to $ 1.4 billion in 2018. The tools used by the Member States are perceived as a manifestation of the restriction on the free movement of capital and freedom of entrepreneurship, as they also involve investors from European Union countries (art. Keywords: capital; commission; countries; european; fdi; investment; investors; member; policy; states; union
• Do Business Booms Trigger Corruption? by Kéïta, Kouramoudou ; Laurila, Hannu (2021) - Understanding political corruption in low income countries, in: T. Schultz and J. Strauss (Eds.), Handbook of development economics, 4, Elsevier. Quiggin, J. (2010). For example, Galbraith (1997) claims that embezzlement flourish- es in business booms and withers in recessions, and Gokcekus and Suzuki (2011) support the claim by finding a positive correlation between transitory income and corruption. Keywords: business; corruption; countries; cycles; economic; equation; income; level; percent; results; significance; table; test
• Employment Precarization and Skilled Labour Migration in Western EU Countries by Botyriute, Kamile (2023) - There exists a large number of studies investigating the effects of precarious employment on various issues ranging from unemployment to job insecurity, however, the studies on the effects of precariousness on migration are scarce. Definition of precarious employment The notion of precarious employment does not have a universally recognized definition and it is typically used in a referential form, addressing the objective and subjective insecurities related to employment. Keywords: countries; data; employment; european; labour; migration; standard; studies; term; time; work; workers
• Participation of Morocco and Tunisia in the European Research Area: Research-intense Collaborative Patterns Across the European Southern Neighbourhood by Šime, Zane (2023) - This richness of benefits is captured by Schikowitz’s (2021) elaboration on four engage- ment modes in transdisciplinary research projects – explorer, caring broker, moral manager and polymath. No further explanation or in- terpretation can be made without a more in-depth qualitative examination of specific projects. Keywords: article; capital; countries; engagement; entities; era; esn; european; field; fp7; h2020; habitus; institute; institutions; morocco; participation; projects; research; science; studies; tunisia; university
• Domestic Savings and International Capital Flows in the EU by Mlodkowski, Pawel (2023) - It was Ford and Horioka (2017), who pointed out the solution for the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle based on goods market integration, as necessary for international capital mobility. As such, one can recognize a direct impact of monetary integration on international capital mobility via the channel of investment portfolio demand function. Keywords: capital; countries; country; european; feldstein; horioka; international; investment; mobility; oecd; savings; 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
• INTEGRATION OF POLAND’S REGIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION – ASSESSMENT OF INTRA INDUSTRY TRADE RELATIONS by Uminski, Stanislaw (2014) - More developed regions should be characterized by higher IIT intensity than those on the lower level of development. Because IIT refers mostly to the countries that are in strong economic integration (trade partners), following thesis can be formulated: high IIT intensity will be a domain of those regions that are characterized by strong trade linkages with the EU countries, in which we deal with advanced trade liberalization (in formal and practical sense). Keywords: atio; countries; data; exports; high; iit; iit intensity; industry; intensity; level; miit; poland; regions; trade
• TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN LITHUANIA AND RUSSIA IN CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES by Zitkus, Leonas (2014) - Keywords: trade relations, integration processes, commerce policy, bilateral agreements, tendencies. On the one hand, the statistics of trade relations clearly show the trend of permanent growth. Keywords: agreement; countries; european; export; integration; lithuanian; parties; policy; relations; russia; states; trade; trade relations; union
• HAS EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION POLICY CHANGED? A BENCHMARKING ANALYSIS OF IMMIGRATION TRENDS TO 30 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN 1998-2011 by Kaivo-oja, Jari (2014) - The purpose of research article is to present an analysis of European immigration flows and immigration policy. One remarkable change is that the United Kingdom and Germany have changed their rank positions as major immigration countries of the European Union in 1998–2011. Keywords: changes; countries; european; flows; germany; immigrants; immigration; immigration flows; policy; years
• PATTERN OF FINANCIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION: FIRST INSIGHTS ABOUT CREDITOR-DEBTOR COUNTRY RELATIONSHIP by Daugeliene, Rasa; Mlodkowski, Pawel (2014) - Local banks were eager to extend financing for real estate investment observing positive rends in the collateral value due to real asset inflation. Second, banks at home countries (new member states) refrained from providing financing for real estate investments in remote regions. Keywords: capital; countries; creditor; debt; debtor; estate; european; financial; flows; investment

• HYPOTHETICAL CRISIS POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR THE RECOVERY OF LITHUANIA‘S ECONOMY: SEARCHING FOR IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION by Daugeliene, Rasa (2011) - To achieve this aim five tasks were solved: to present some providences of globalisation as the preconditions of global financial crisis; to classify the lessons from the past economic crisis; to highlight the main impact of global economic crisis on Lithuania’s economy; to systemise the specific actions of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania in the presence of Global economic crisis; to recommend hypothetical crisis policy framework for the recovery of Lithuania’s economy. The results of the article: there was presented particular approach to the impact of globalisation to the state of economy; constructed the scheme of interrelation of classic and modern economic growth theories searching for impact of globalisation on change of values; classified the lessons from the past economic crisis; highlighted main impact of global crisis to Lithuania’s economy; systemised specific actions of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania in the presence of Global economic crisis; recommended hypothetical crisis policy framework for the recovery of Lithuania’s economy. Keywords: crisis; crisis policy; economic; economy; european; global; globalisation; growth; impact; lithuania; percent; policy; recovery
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND DOMESTIC FACTORS IN THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPORT SCHEMES by Pikšrytė, Aistė; Mažylis, Liudas (2015) - 43 European Integrat ion Studies 2015/9 Poland also showed concerns regarding the mechanism of Guarantees of Origin, suggesting that it could only operate as an additional instrument next to national renewable energy support schemes. Therefore, the intergovernmental negotiation on the Directive’s provisions on renewable energy support scheme which should allow Member States to achieve their national targets as well as the overall EU target shall be submitted as the object of this article, while the purpose is to analyze the case of negotiating the EU-level renewable energy support scheme and to investigate the intergovernmental factors such as asymmetrical bargaining power of Member States as well as specific domestic factors’ influence for the negotiation’s results, applying liberal intergovernmen- talist approach as the theoretical framework for analysis. Keywords: climate energy; energy; energy policy; energy support; european; guarantees; mechanism; member states; national; negotiation; policy; support; support schemes
• THE EUROPEAN CONCEPTION OF THE UNIVERSITY KNOWLEDGE WITHIN THE BOLOGNA-INITIATED COMPETENCE-BASED CURRICULUM MODERNISATION: REPERCUSSIONS AT THE NATIONAL POLICY LEVEL IN ESTONIA AND LITHUANIA by Petkutė, Rūta (2016) - It has been argued that “higher education curricula are often slow to respond to changing needs in the wider economy, and fail to anticipate or help shape the careers of tomorrow” The input–based curriculum has been claimed to be a reason for higher education curriculum to fall short in providing the graduates with the right skills to enhance their employability and not being relevant to the realities of the the world of work (European Commission, 2012). Keywords: competence; curriculum; curriculum knowledge; curriculum modernisation; education; education curriculum; european; knowledge; national; policy; university; university curriculum
• THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES OF EUROPEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION by Keinis, Virginijs (2017) - KEYWORDS: national security, challenges of globalisation, common security and defence policy, un- conventional warfare, implementation of security policy. Moreover security policy should conceive the context of practically unlimited information space, the ag- gressive propaganda of hostile states (or pseudo states) and endless flow of refugee’s that con- tribute to international terrorism and national disturbances. Keywords: defence; defence policy; european; national; policy; report; security; security policy; states; threats; union
• THE EU AND RUSSIA SHIFTING AWAY FROM THE ECONOMIC LOGIC OF INTERDEPENDENCE – AN EXPLANATION THROUGH THE COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE THEORY by Simionov, Loredana Maria (2017) - The intensity of economic interdependence in EU – Russia relations Despite the use of sophisticated methods of collecting and processing data, as well as a complex set of research tools, the perception and analysis of interdependent relations vary not only theo- retically, but also in empirical studies. Moreover, the use of hard power tools did not enhance EU power of influence over Russia. Keywords: actors; agenda; complex; energy; european; interdependence; normative; policy; power; relations; russia; russia relations; states; studies; trade; union
• Fostering European Identity by Ciaglia, Sarah; Fuest, Clemens; Heinemann, Friedrich (2020) - Agirdag et al. (2012; 2016) investigate European identity formation among Belgian pupils and find that the socio-economic status, both of the child’s family as well as the overall school’s average, strongly affect European identity: children from working class families are less likely to identify as European. This contribution aims at providing a link between the existing state of knowledge and policy approaches to promote European identity. Keywords: citizens; civic; commission; dimension; economic; erasmus; european; groups; identity; integration; literature; member; policy; politics; program; public; states; studies; target; union
• EU TAXATION POLICY DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS by Author (2010) - An orderly exit strategy from expansionary macroeconomic policies is also an essential part of crisis resolution.12 Tax policy during and after financial crisis The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has argued that the global financial crisis was exacerbated (though not caused) by tax policies which fuelled the credit boom that preceded the economic downturn. The paper deals with the problems of tax coordination and perspectives during and after financial crisis. Keywords: credit; crisis; european; measures; member; policy; rates; states; tax; taxation; taxes
• R&D PO LICY IMPACT ON RESEARCH EXCELLENCE by Author (2009) - Nevertheless, rivalry for the highest evaluation of research performance has not yet provided with a single and fixed definition of “research excellence”. Keywords: Research excellence, research performance, R&D policy. Keywords: assessment; education; excellence; institutions; level; policy; quality; r&d; research; research excellence; scientific
• EFFICIENCY OF CENTRAL BANKING: MEASUREMENT, CASES AND POLICY DEVELOPMENTS by Author (2007) - The ESCB should strive for a uniform financial statement submission procedure and cost price calculation of central bank basic functions; this would lead to a greater transparency and a more accurate comparison of central bank efficiency resulting in a more enhanced accountability of central banks. The study of central bank efficiency indicators should continue, with the focus not only on the central banks in the EU25 countries but also in Bulgaria and Romania; the studies should also include the comparison of the NCB efficiency indicators with the respective indicators of the EU candidate countries. Keywords: bank; central; ecb; efficiency; european; financial; indicators; line; net; policy; report
• The European Administration as a Facilitator of the European Integration Process: Organizational and Ethical Implications from the Proliferation of European Union Agencies by Oikonomou, Giorgio (2021) - Following the above classification, the vast majority of EU agencies are subsidized by the EU budget, some agencies are subsidized by the Commission, some agencies have resources based on fees, charges and contributions from national supervisory authorities, whereas only a handful of EU agencies and other bodies are fully financially independent (i.e. SRB).8 Finally, with regard to the final output, Commission distinguishes agencies and other bodies that can adopt “individual decisions which are legally binding on third parties” (i.e. ECHA); agencies that assist the Commission and member states (when necessary) by providing technical or scientific expertise and/or inspection reports (i.e. EMSA); agencies which are in charge of operational activities (i.e. FRONTEX); agencies that are responsible for gathering, analysing and disseminating information (i.e. CEDEFOP, ECDC); and finally, agencies that provide services to other EU agencies and institutions (i.e. CdT) (European Commission, 2008, p. 7; see also Scholten and van Rijsbergen, 2014, p. 1225). 78-94 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28805 Submitted 03/2021 Accepted for publication 06/2021 The European Administration as Facilitator of the European Integration Process: Organizational and Ethical Implications from the Proliferation of European Union Agencies EIS 15/2021 Introduction The European Administration as a Facilitator of the European Integration Process: Organizational and Ethical Implications from the Proliferation of European Union Agencies http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.28805 The purpose of this study is to explore the evolution of EU administration by focusing and critically examining the role of EU agencies in advancing the European integration project. Keywords: agencies; agency; bodies; commission; eu agencies; european; executive; institutions; integration; new; policy; public; union
• Energy Research Infrastructures in Europe and Beyond: Mapping an Unmapped Landscape by Knudsen, Mikkel Stein; Ferreira-Aulu, Marianna Birmoser; Kaivo-oja, Jari ; Luukkanen, Jyrki (2021) - A notable finding of this article is therefore that there might arise a future paradox if European research policy simultaneously prioritizes Research Infrastructures as a favored research mechanism and seeks to prioritize the transition to non-nuclear sustainable energy as a forefront European grand challenge. Intergovernmental cooperation in the making of European research. Keywords: energy; energy research; esfri; european; infrastructures; international; landscape; mapping; organizations; policy; project; research; research infrastructures; ris; riscape; science
• Financing Energy Transition in Poland: Possible Contribution of EU Funds by Kawecka-Wyrzykowska, Elżbieta (2022) - Against the background of European Green Deal strategy, the author identifies EU funds available for Poland for low emission transition and estimates their size. EU climate policy, energy transition, EU funds for Poland, greenhouse gas emissions, National Recovery Plan. Keywords: climate; commission; council; emissions; energy; european; funds; law; money; poland; policy; polish; regulation; transformation; transition
• A Critical Reassessment: The European Cloud University Platform and New Challenges of the Quartet Helix Collaboration in the European University System by Kaivo-oja, Jari Roy Lee; Stenvall, Jari (2022) - European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) | European Commission (europa.eu) (read 1.4.2022). Today a new European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) will offer Europe’s 1.7 million researchers and 70 million science and technology professionals a virtual environment to store, share and re-use the large vol- umes of information generated by the big data revolution. Keywords: cloud; commission; data; digital; eosc; european; governance; innovation; new; open; platform; policy; research; science; science cloud; union; university
• European Vaccine-rollout Policy, Unraveled Markets, and Moral Externalities by Kovac, Mitja; Elkanawati, Amira; Gjikolli, Vita; Woitalla, Jessica (2023) - In this line of reasoning, the EU Commission could then reduce by some arbitrary amount the COVID-19 vaccine prices that it is willing to reimburse and still have the pharmaceutical companies continue to sell and pro- vide such vaccines timely. According to the EU Commission (2021) “all Member States [MS] will have access to COVID-19 vaccines at the same time and the distribution will be done on a per capita basis to ensure fair access”. Keywords: allocation; approach; calabresi; command; costs; covid-19; decision; distribution; economics; european; externalities; law; market; negative; pandemic; policy; rollout; type; vaccination; vaccines
• INVESTING IN SKILLS AND INNOVATION – NEW STRATEGIC TASKS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS by Buligina, Ilze; Sloka, Biruta (2014) - Relevant policy discussion has been devoted also to the issue of ‘demand- side’ and ‘supply side’ in innovation policies. Systems thinking, market failure, and the development of innovation policy: The case of Australia. Keywords: education; european; force; innovation; labour; level; mechanisms; policy; research; training; vet

• NON-FINANCIAL INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY by Kotane, Inta; Kuzmina-Merlino, Irina (2011) - In order to ensure long-term activity, increase competitiveness and attract investments it becomes topical for many companies in Latvia to create a system for evaluating non-financial performance indicators. Despite the great number of theoretical publication on the problems of evaluating company performance, basing on the system of financial and non-financial indicators (Hafeez, 2002; Philips, Louvieris 2005; Craig, Moores, 2005; Lau, Sholihin, 2005; Fernandes et.al., 2006; Prieto, Revila, 2006; Wier et.al., 2007; Chen et.al., 2009; Cardinaels, van Veen- Dirks, 2010) there are problems in practical application of this indicators’ system as there is no single approach to identification, classification, measurement and evaluation of non-financial performance indicators. Keywords: business; capital; clients; companies; company; evaluation; financial; indicators; learning; measurement; performance; performance indicators; perspective
• THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AS A DETERMINANT OF THE BUSINESS STRATEGY OF THE POLISH CUSTOMS SERVICE by Grottel, Monika (2015) - From typical fiscal administration, it has evolved and focuses mainly on protecting the market and ensuring the safety and security of international trade. The increasing significance of security and safety standards as well as practices for international trade. Keywords: activity; administrations; business; customs; customs service; european; framework; global; goods; implementation; polish; risk; safety; security; service; standards; strategy; supply; trade; wco
• COMPLEX PATTERNS IN CONSTRUCTION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL IDENTITY AMONG YOUTH IN ESTONIA by Kirch, Aksel; Tuisk, Tarmo (2015) - 208-223 DOI 10.5755/j01.eis.0.9.12808 © Kaunas University of Technology Complex Patterns in Construction of Entrepreneurial Identity Among Youth in Estonia EIS 9/2015 Abstract Complex Patterns in Construction of Entrepreneurial Identity Among Youth in Estonia http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.9.12808 Aksel Kirch, Tarmo Tuisk Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 3, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia Introduction The goal of the study was to assess entrepreneurial identity focusing on the beliefs and values such as individualism, risk-taking, innovativeness, opportunity recognition and tolerance. Methods: An Identity Structure Analysis (ISA) (Weinreich, 2003/2012) was applied as a meta-theoret- ical framework to conceptualize entrepreneurial identity and identification patterns among students with the image of an entrepreneur. Keywords: business; constructs; entrepreneurs; estonia; european; group; identification; identity; participants; person; self; students; studies; study; table
• CREATIVITY AS THE MAIN FACTOR FOR ORGANIZATIONS‘ SUCCESS: THEORETICAL APPROACH by Baryniene, Jurgita; Dauknyte, Berta (2015) - The scientific research shows the complexity and mul- tidimensity of creativity concept (Runco, M., 2014). The explanation of creativity concept was changing constantly. Keywords: business; concept; creativity; employees; factors; human; ideas; leader; new; organizations
• EFFECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON CUSTOMER BRAND CHOICE IN BALTIC REGION: MEDIATING ROLE OF PRODUCT INVOLVEMENT LEVEL by Zafran, Muhammad (2018) - CSR and brand equity, CSR effects on consumer buying behavior, CSR and product in- volvement level; Customer perception of CSR; CSR in Baltic region. This research is highly significant because it investigates CSR effects on customer brand equity and ultimately its influence on financial performance of the company. Keywords: brand; brand equity; business; choice; consumer; csr; customer; decision; effects; equity; influence; involvement; level; product; research; responsibility
• DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS SKILLS TO MEET CURRENT CHALLENGES OF DIVERSE EU BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AS PART OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY by Vevere, Velga; Sannikova, Aija (2018) - Negotiation strategy; negotiation tactics; intercultural negotiations; negotiator profile; university social responsibility, SINS scale. Analyses of scale ratings yielded results that students’ evaluation of negotiation tactics did not depend on cultural background (the research was conducted among international students) in statistically significant way, though there were differences in responses within evaluation of certain statements. Keywords: business; group; international; negotiation; research; responsibility; skills; students; table; tactics; test; university
• THE ASSESSMENT OF FINDING IN PERFORMED FUNCTIONAL AUDITS – LATVIA’S EXPIERENCE by Author (2010) - As the best example, internal audit reports of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Treasury should be mentioned, in which a detailed analysis of the budget building process in the agency is given with its link to the strategies of institution as it is determined by good practice (Schick, 2003). Research restrictions – the author was not able to give direct references to specific institutions and audit reports because such were the conditions in order to receive the information. Keywords: agency; audit; auditors; business; management; performance; recommendations; reports; sector
• THE GROWING NEED OF CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS IN BUSINESS by Author (2010) - Key words: Cross-cultural management, Cross-cultural management ethics, business. There are different cross-cultural problems such as standards, practice, laws, ethics, culture, customs, management system, and socioeconomic system. Keywords: business; cross; enterprises; ethics; management; problems
• BUSINESS’S VISION ON COMPETENCE OF RESEARCHERS IN KNOWLEDGE – BASED ECONOMY by Author (2008) - The tasks of the research were set as follows: to present the content of competency of • human resources acting under the conditions of knowledge based economy; to highlight the researchers importance for • business organizations in contemporary economy and analyse the business’s sector requirements for researchers; to emphasize the universities role in the • preparation process of researchers for knowledge based business. The emergence of knowledge based economy has raised new wave of discussions about the demand for high level competency. Keywords: business; economy; european; knowledge; new; researchers; sector; skills; universities
• POLISH UNIVERSITIES CONTRIBUTION TO ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT* by Author (2007) - Types of support granted by 16 chosen Polish incubators Type of support 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Consulting, information, courses training: Entrepreneurship, company establishment X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Business plan creation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Technology and patents X X X X X X Cooperation mediation X X X X X X X Finances, taxes X X X X X X X X Bookkeeping, accounting X X X X X X X X X X Legal issues X X X X X X X X X X X X X Market analysis and marketing X X X X X X X Informatics and computers X X X X X X X X X HR management X X X X X Access to EU funds X X X X X X X X X X International trade and cooperation X X Implementation of new services and products X X X X Business management X X X X X Quality management X X X Technical and service infrastructure: Reception, secretariat X X X X X X X Telephone exchange X X X X X X X X X X Copying machine, fax X X X X X X X X X X X Computer network X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Workshops / laboratories X X X X X Access to databases X X X X X X X Conference room X X X X X X X X X X Financial support: Lending and guarantee funds X Loans and loan mediation X X Cooperation with „business angels” X X X Subsidies, grants, subventions X X X X X X X X Venture capital X 1- Academic Economic Incubator at the University in Białystok Academic entrepreneurship incubators in Poland Entrepreneurship incubators started to appear in Poland at the beginning of 1990’s, and although they were created at universities, they were not aimed directly at the academic society. Keywords: business; companies; entrepreneurship; incubators; research; transfer; universities; university
• FOOTBALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET INTEGRATION by Author (2007) - The development of football business structure is based on changing financial flows, which become more and more various. The development of football business structure in the context of European common market integration is based on changing financial flows, which become more and more various. Keywords: business; club; european; flows; football; sport; structure
• Requirements for CFO Within The Business Model by Zvirgzdina, Rosita; Skadina, Helena; Vane, Alida (2020) - “By changing the metrics and finding new business models to transform the company” (OC) and making it profitable “he must also be an engineer” (RS): He is someone who “…organizes and co- ordinates rules and regulations” and “builds lasting legacies that will guide the company for years” (AO). By modelling new business, the goal can be achieved by using business modelling by process- es allowing for costing deliverables, controlling operations and designing information systems aligned with business procedures and organization (Briffaut et al 2002). Keywords: business; cfo; company; model; role; skills
• Critical Thinking Competence and its Impact on Acquisition of Basic Principles of Enterpreneurship Among Business Students in Latvia by Linina, Iveta; Vevere, Velga (2021) - Critical thinking skills, perhaps more than any other business skill set, can make the difference between success and failure. 47-54 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29248 Submitted 01/2021 Accepted for publication 06/2021 Critical Thinking Competence and its Impact on Acquisition of Basic Principles of Enterpreneurship Among Business Students in Latvia EIS 15/2021 Iveta Linina Turiba University Velga Vevere EKA University of Applied Sciences Introduction European Integrat ion Studies2021/15 48 plays a special role in developing critical thinking skills. Keywords: ability; assessment; business; education; information; questions; research; self; skills; students; thinking
• The Artificial Intelligence and Competition Law - Challenges for Bosnia and Herzegovina by Imamović-Čizmić, Kanita (2022) - Competition law prohibits business practices which violate, restrict or prevent market competition. Many questions also arise in competition law, which aims to protect the competition process in the market by banning certain business practices. Keywords: algorithms; bih; bosnia; business; cartels; companies; competition; competition law; herzegovina; market; market competition; use
• Corporate Social Responsibility as a Factor Promoting Customer Loyalty in the Latvian Retail Sector by Vevere, Velga; Shina, Inga; Ganina, Samanta (2022) - The survey was divided into three blocks - profile of respondents, attitude towards corporate social responsibility, attitude towards corporate social responsibility activities to find out the attitude of respondents towards corporate social responsibility, its activities, which in turn would be linked to customer loyalty and develop corporate social responsibility. Low and medi- um revenue levels can be considered as a barrier to respondents‘ willingness to pay if a retailer implements corporate social responsibility activities. Keywords: activities; business; companies; company; consumer; csr; csr activities; customer; customer loyalty; factors; loyalty; respondents; responsibility; responsibility activities; retail; society
• European Trends in Business Incubation Through open Innovation Approach by Cirule, Iveta; Uvarova, Inga ; Caune, Ginta (2022) - Business incubators ensure networking and facilitate OI collaborations both inside the incubator among entrepreneurs and outside with external stakeholders. KEYWORDS: open innovation, open innovation strategies, business incubator, business incubation trends, value co-creation. Keywords: approach; business; business incubation; creation; european; incubators; innovation; national; outside; partners; research; tenants; trends
• ETHICAL LEADERSHIP: STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF EXERCISING ETHICAL INFLUENCE IN ORGANIZATION by Vevere, Velga (2014) - In order to structure studies on the subject ethical leadership we propose to employ a three-level model of analysis of ethical business leadership developed by Daniel E. Palmer; he distinguishes the following levels: ethics of the leader, the means of ethical leadership, and the heart of leadership. There are numerous studies on the subject matter of ethical leadership but until now the matter of developing business students’ ethical leadership competences has been hardly touched. Keywords: behavior; business; business ethics; ethics; influence; leadership; management; model; power; research; results; students
• ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO E-COMMERCE: CASE OF DISCOUNT E-SHOPPING SITE IN LITHUANIA by Greblikaite, Jolita; Pervazaite, Dovile (2014) - Thompson and Jing (2007), Hwang and Kim (2007) researched e-trust matters which are tightly related with e-commerce ethical issues. The case of fake Ariel sold in discount e-shopping site in Lithuania was analysed in the article as unethical behavior in business case. Keywords: business; case; commerce; environment; ethical; ethics; internet; issues; shopping; site

• THE ISSUES OF TAX RISKS CALCULATION AND MANAGEMENT by Lukashina, Olga (2011) - The article deals with three features and two major causes of tax risks, as well as several stages of calculating risks and choosing the best option of possible management solutions. Tax risks should be an important element of entrepreneurial risks (including financial risks) for the benefit of efficient administration. Keywords: administration; audit; calculation; management; payer; probability; provisions; risks; tax
• THE COMPLEX RELATIONAL DYNAMICS IN PUBLIC SECTOR REFORMS by Laitinen, Ilpo; Nyholm, Inga; Stenvall, Jari; Kaivo-oja, Jari (2015) - This underlines the fact that managing public sector reforms should focus more on building long-term processes of co-operation and not only on institutional or rationally explained changes. KEYWORDS: public sector reform, policy implementation, complexity, figuration theory, change management. Na- tionwide local government reform aiming to create a thriving municipal structure was launched in 2011 and gained a lot attention and criticism. Keywords: actors; complexity; figuration; finland; government; implementation; management; process; reform; sector
• LEADERSHIP VALUES IN TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TO IMPLEMENT COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT: THE TRUST BUILDING THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE by Cekuls, Andrejs (2015) - These steps are described by Cameron (2004), based on the work of several authors who have described successful change interventions aimed at organizational culture change (e.g., Hooijberg & Petrock, 1993; Denison, 1989; Trice &Beyer, 1993; Cameron & Quinn, 1999; Kotter, 1995). These steps initiate change in individual and organizational processes, conversations, language, symbols, and values, none of which by itself ensures that culture change will occur, but in combination they create a great deal of momentum toward fundamental culture change in organizations (Cameron, 2004). Keywords: changes; culture; employees; implementation; information; intelligence; journal; leadership; management; organizational; process; research; transformation; trust; values
• ENIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION: SURVEY OF ISO 14001 CERTIFIED ESTONIAN COMPANIES by Gurvits, Natalja; Habakuk, Triinu (2016) - of inhabitants Position in a list of EU countries Austria 1 172 17 138 19 Belgium 1 216 16 109 23 Bulgaria 1 761 13 243 10 Croatia 951 18 224 13 Cyprus 55 27 64 27 Czech Republic 5 831 7 555 1 Denmark 895 20 159 16 Estonia 492 23 374 5 Finland 1 512 14 277 8 France 8 306 5 126 22 Germany 7 708 6 95 24 Greece 909 19 83 25 Hungary 2 231 10 226 12 Ireland 666 22 145 17 Italy 27 178 1 447 3 Latvia 334 25 167 15 Lithuania 707 21 240 11 Luxemburg 70 26 127 20 Malta 30 28 71 26 Netherlands 2 411 9 143 18 Poland 2 213 11 57 28 Portugal 1 321 15 127 21 Romania 9 302 4 466 2 Slovakia 1 806 12 333 6 Slovenia 425 24 206 14 Spain 13 869 3 298 7 Sweden 3 990 8 414 4 United Kingdom 16 685 2 259 9 Source: Authors’ based on ISO Survey 2014 European Integrat ion Studies 2016/10 84 Figure 1 ISO 14001 certified companies in Estonia during years 1999–2015 (Authors’) 4 18 24 47 74 86 148 173 169 233 263 306 358 394 440 492 531 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of certified companies Years Numerous studies have been carried out to reveal the impact of the ISO 14001 certification on the performance of the companies and to find out the main benefits and obstacles associated with the certification process. More and more organizations both in Estonia and worldwide are initiating the ISO14001 certification process, which specifies requirements for environmental management systems, in order to develop and implement envi­ ronmental policy and objectives. Keywords: certification; companies; doi; environmental; estonia; european; iso; management; research; studies
• RISK AVERSION IN THE BOARD ROOM. AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF GERMAN STOCK-LISTED COMPANIES by Michelberger, Knut J. (2016) - A broader study of the author of this paper examines a sample of German stock–listed companies whereas Germany can be seen as one of the most highly regulated countries concerning corporate governance. Today, corporate governance defines the regulatory framework for management and supervision of companies. Keywords: board; companies; data; dcgk; firm; governance; group; growth; management; performance; risk; sample; studies; total; tsr
• ECO-MANAGEMENT AND AUDIT SCHEME (EMAS) IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: SURVEY OF ESTONIAN CERTIFIED ORGANISATIONS by Kivi, Krislin; Gurvitsh, Natalja (2017) - However, the number of EMAS registered companies in Estonia remains low, therefore the authors considered it useful to reveal the main reasons of this phenomenon and determine the main obstacles and benefits of EMAS implementation. Authors believe that more initiatives from the state side are strongly required to promote EMAS implementation and to increase the public awareness of the EMAS system, its main benefits and added values. Keywords: audit; companies; emas; european; implementation; management; organisations; performance; system; value
• EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT CONCEPT MODEL FOR FINANCIAL ALLIANCES: BALTIC PENSION FUND MANAGEMENT by Arefjevs, Ilja (2017) - Major difference is a so called convexity constraint added to the system: (4) (5) � ��� = �� ������� (1) �� �� = �� ��� ���� � ��� (2) ���� ��� ����) (3) ∑ �� = �� ����� = ���� � ����� (4) ����� = ����� � �� (5) for j= 1, for j=1,2,….,k. �� �� = �� ��� ���� � ��� (2) ���� ��� ����) (3) ∑ �� = �� ����� = ���� � ����� (4) ����� = ����� � �� (5) 191 European Integrat ion Studies 2017/11 The pivotal role in the Baltic banking and as a result pension fund marketplace belongs to players with the Nordic origin while local companies with mixed shareholding structures provide some diversification to the market. Keywords: analysis; bancassurance; capital; companies; cost; dea; efficiency; fund; management; model; pension; research; � �
• ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF BALTIC RETAIL CONTACT CENTERS by Linina, Iveta; Vevere, Velga; Zvirgzdina, Rosita (2018) - Retail sales also play an important role in today’s society and in the national economy as it introduces and develops new technologies in customer service, provides jobs and increases the welfare of society. Adapting to customer needs and requirements gives the company, on the one hand, the opportunity for fur- ther development and increase of competitiveness, but, on the other hand, it necessitates organizing customer service and improving the use of existing resources for the management of the customer service process. Keywords: centers; communication; contact; customer; effectiveness; efficiency; management; research; service; system; theory; time
• THE ROLE OF R&D MANAGER FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&D PARTNERSHIP by Author (2010) - The research method includes comparative and systematic analysis of scientific references regarding R&D project management and interviewing researchers from public and private sector. Actually, team leaders of the smallest informal team assure that they tackle with R&D project management. Keywords: activities; approach; management; manager; partnership; performance; project; r&d; research; team
• TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LITHUANIA by Author (2010) - LCA evaluates the potential impact on the environment of waste management systems throughout all life cycle, from “cradle to grave” (Coleman 2003). During the last decades all over the world, considerable work has been done in waste management and waste generation sectors trying to promote prevention and ISSN 1822-8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. Keywords: analysis; assessment; environmental; hw management; life; lithuania; management; system; tools; waste; waste management
• EMPLOYEES HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION by Author (2009) - Risk assessment of possible risk-factors in the evaluation process, which can be found in the risk of potential impact on worker health and the decision of whether the risk is acceptable or unacceptable. occupational health and safety comprises all preventative measures aimed at protecting functional capacity, health and life of employees at work which are used or planned at all operational stages of the company to protect employees from occupational risks or minimize these risks. Keywords: accidents; assessment; directive; european; health; management; measures; osh; risk; safety; work; workers; working
• THE MODEL OF MODERN INNOVATION INFLUENCE TO COMPETITIVENESS AT RECESSION by Author (2009) - Especially is not discovered the influence of segregated elements of innovation model for a segregated elements of competitiveness. Subject of research – Innovation models proposed in scientific literature, situation in implementation of innovations in world economy and Lithuania and results of activity of innovative enterprises in Lithuania. Keywords: activity; companies; competition; competitiveness; information; innovation; management; model; new; recession; research; technologies
• Information about the article’s authors by Author (2009) - no 3 Information about the article’s authors ĀBoLIŅA Ilze, Ph.D. student; Regional Economics Programme, Faculty of Economics, Latvia University of Agriculture,; Working place: Ministry of Finance Republic of Latvia – EU Funds Managing Authority ĀZENA Ligita, Mg.sc.soc., Higher School of Business and Culture, E-mail: ligita.azena@eka.edu.lv BABELYTE Kristina, Master of public administration; Mykolas Romeris University, 8 610 08139, kristinabab@ yahoo.com BARYNIENĖ Jurgita, PhD student of social sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Europe, +370 37 300140, jurgita.kersyte@ktu.lt BARZEV Kiril, Professor, ScD, Internal-combustion engines, University of Ruse; E-mail: barzev@ru.acad.bg BAVRINA Ludmila, Mg.phil., PhD stud, senior lecturer, Baltic International Academy (Latvia); ICT use and design in educational practice, pedagogical professional competence, ESP curriculum design; Phone: +371-2-26585834; E-mail: lbavrin@inbox.lv BRATANoV Daniel, PhD; Phone no: 2663838; E-mail tomas. Keywords: economics; mail; management; phone; university
• THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE FOR EFECTIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: EUROPEAN UNION AND LITHUANIAN CASE STUDIES by Author (2007) - [7] Relatively more emphasis put on monetary incentives Relatively more emphasis put on promotion-career opportunities Australia Canada Denmark Finland Italy Korea New Zealand Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States Austria France Poland Portugal A detailed analysis of the emphasis of different HRM systems shows that in spite of the fact that most countries are developing performance related-pay schemes, and despite a few exceptions, the emphasis on monetary incentives for good performance is relatively stronger in position-based systems, while the emphasis on career or promotion is stronger in career-based systems In contrary, implementing performance appraisal into public personnel management makes job more attractive regarding to career perspectives (clear and secure promotion) and extra payments for outstanding performance. Keywords: appraisal; assessment; management; officer; pay; performance; points; promotion; public
• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL by Author (2007) - In the production engine, stored knowledge are using to produce and codify knowledge as part of knowledge generation and knowledge storage. No 1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL Mirela Minica Florin Frant University „Eftimie Murg” Resita Abstract Based on production process in companies we developed a model of knowledge management that can be implemented in our university. Keywords: engine; knowledge; learning; management; research; students
• General Aspects and Perspectives of Immigrant Diversity in Organizations by Balevičienė, Dovilė; Huber, Loreta (2021) - Immigrant diversity can also be divided into different dimensions that are intertwined (e.g., ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, and other types of diversity): “I would include culture, nationality, race, citizenship, and language in immigrant diversity. The results show that Lithuania has a low level of immigrant diversity, but therefore there is currently a growing interest and awareness related to this topic. Keywords: companies; country; cultural; culture; diversity; diversity management; experts; immigrant; immigration; integration; lithuania; management; organizations; perspectives; research
• Involvement of Employees in Increasing the Efficiency of Production Processes for SMEs in the Baltic States by Linina, Iveta; Zvirgzdina, Rosita; Tišlerova, Kamila (2022) - The monographic or descriptive method was used to analyze the theoretical basis, but a survey was used to increase the efficiency of employee involvement processes. In the framework of this study, in order to directly and indirectly find out the involvement of production company employees in the assessment of the involvement of company processes in the Baltic States, a traditional method was used - a survey with the help of a questionnaire (Rust et al., 2004). Keywords: authors; company; efficiency; employees; involvement; lean; management; process; processes; production; quality; sigma
• Development of Non-financial Reporting: the Case of Estonian Listed Companies by Tamm, Piret; Gurvitš-Suits, Natalie Aleksandra (2023) - The research was conducted using the content qualitative analysis method basis the require- ments of the EU Directive on Non-Financial reporting “in order to enhance the consistency and comparability of Non-Financial information disclosed throughout the Union, certain large undertakings should prepare a Non-Financial statement containing information relating to at least environmental matters, social and employee-related matters, respect for human rights, anti-corruption and bribery matters. In general, it can be concluded that the rate of Non-Financial reporting is becoming higher and “sustainability continues to become a priority for company leadership but there is room for improvement”. Keywords: companies; directive; european; financial; information; management; nfrd; quality; reporting; reports; sustainability
• What Enables Skilled Immigrant Women to Build Career-important Social Networks? by Shaymardanov, Mukhammadyusuf; Lämsä, Anna-Maija; Heikkinen, Suvi (2023) - It is concluded that although skilled immigrant women tend to experi- ence challenges in accessing these networks, they can overcome challenges through their own initiatives and with the help of supervisors and colleagues as well as family members and friends. The following research questions are addressed: What enables skilled immigrant women to gain access to career-important social networks? Keywords: access; career; finland; finnish; immigrant; journal; management; networks; resources; russian; studies; study; supervisor; support; women
• CONSTRUCTING PUBLIC SERVICES – EUROPEAN APPROACH by Stenvall, Jari; Laitinen, Ilpo; Ursin, Klaus af; Virtanen, Petri; Kaivo-oja, Jari (2014) - Third generation services are constantly developing interactive processes where learning is based on local knowledge and experiences. Our hypothesis is that knowledge is an essential element in the construction of the identity of third generation services. Keywords: approach; construction; generation; identity; knowledge; management; new; process; services; social; users

• THE PERCEPTION OF MARKET AND E-COMMERCE by Burinskienė, Aurelija; Burinskas, Arunas (2011) - Sheng et al (2011) suggest taking for the comparison of export market around ten criteria such as: market size, market receptivity, physical infrastructure, geographical and cultural distances, language and religious differences, etc. Various methods for comparison of export markets are used: market grouping methods, market estimation methods, etc. Second, the new model, which can be used for the comparison of export markets, is presented. Keywords: commerce; comparison; criteria; export; market; marketing; methods; model; perception
• THE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF DISABLED PEOPLE AT CALL CENTERS: SOME CASES FROM TURKEY by Kocak, Orhan; Kavi, Ersin (2011) - Key words: Disabled people, call center, employment of disabled people. The Global Call Center Report: International Perspectives on Management and Employment Kavi Ersin, Koçak Orhan, (2010), “Bilgi Toplumunda Evden Çalışmanın Etik Boyutu”, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları, Number: 59, 2010/2, s. 69–88 Kocak, Orhan, Ersin Kavi, (2011), “The Role of Information Technologies In Reducing Of Social Exclusion In The Process Of Knowledge Society And The Sample Of Call Centers In Turkey”, Challenges of Knowledge Society, CKS 2011, Bucharest, 5th Edition, April 15-16, 2011, Pp. 1077-1086 Lewig, K. A. and M. F. Dollard,(2003), “Emotional dissonance, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in call centre workers”, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 12 (4), 366–392, 2003 McDaniel, (2007), 2006 Call Center Employment Outlook, McDaniel Executive Recruiters, Search, Placement and Consulting Solutions Morgan, Hannah, (2005), Disabled people and employment: the potential impact of European policy, Working futures: disabled people, employment policy and social inclusion, pp., 259-271 OECD, (2006), Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers - Norway, Poland and Switzerland, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Publication, 07/11/2006. Russell, Bob,(2002), “The Talk Shop and Shop Talk: Employment and Work in a Call Centre”, THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, VOL. 44, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2002, 467–490. SERKA, (2011), The Call Center Opportunity in Development of TRA2 Region, Serhat Dev. Keywords: centers; disability; employment; home; information; integration; labor; market; new; opportunities; people; technologies; work; working
• FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CREATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET by Ludera-Ruszel, Agata (2015) - The principle of free movement of workers, as a part of free movement of persons, facilitates the mobility of workers within the EU, as any citizen of EU member states is allowed to go to another member state for work, having the same workplace rights as the nationals. The proposal of a new EU directive, launched by the European Commission on 26 April 2013, to improve the application of workers’ right to work in another member state, was based on the conviction that a range of discriminatory practices and obstacles which EU migrant workers still face affect their right to exercise the free movement within the EU. Keywords: case; european; integration; labour; market; member; movement; principle; states; time; workers
• OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS FOR APPLICATIONOF DISTRIBUTED LEDGERS IN THE CONTEXT OF EU DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET STRATEGY by Kostrikova, Natalija (2017) - The research has revealed that half of EU Digital Single Market priorities can be facilitated through distributed ledgers. KEYWORDS: distributed ledger, digital single market, European Union, decentralization, ICT, blockchain. According to the 2nd research task authors have analyzed utilization areas of distributed ledgers and made the following conclusions: _ Distributed ledgers facilitate financial and value exchange transactions between all possible actors – businesses (including non-profits), governments and customers (physical persons). Keywords: april; bitcoin; data; digital; dlt; european; government; ledgers; market; public; research; services; technology; transactions
• THE EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF MERGERS ON THE MARKET ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: THE CASE OF LITHUANIAN TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR by Bruneckienė, Jurgita; Rapsikevičius, Jonas (2018) - Plus, the sales revenue has been taken as an additional indicator in order to be able to identify if HHI or GINI have changed from merger impact or it was affected by competitors and merger had no relation with the changes of these indicators. there the possible calculation error might occur due to use of external data (the authors were unable to eliminate merger investment from investment in Working Capital). Keywords: acquisitions; case; change; customer; effect; european; firm; forecast; impact; journal; market; mergers; process; research; valuation
• DIGITAL PLATFORMS FOR POSTAL SERVICES IN EU AND JAPAN by Lewandowski, Maciej; Mlodkowski, Pawel; Wróbel, Marek (2019) - KEYWORDS: modern postal services, digital postal services, public e-services, e-government, Japan, EU. Web-Express Mail is another postal service provided via Japan Post digital platform. Keywords: citizens; communication; czech; digital; envelo; european; internet; japan; market; office; operators; platforms; poland; post; postal; services; system; users
• TENDENCIES IN LITHUANIAN LABOUR MARKET UNDER THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC RECESSION by Author (2009) - The tasks of the research were set as follows: to reveal the theoretical background of labour  market and it’s correlations with economic environment; to analyze the general tendencies in labour markets  of EU countries; to identify current changes in Lithuanian labour  market and highlight the main actions in order to come out labour market crisis. The situation in European union (Eu) countries’ labour markets became unstable. Keywords: economic; european; labour; labour market; lithuanian; market; situation; unemployment
• DIRECTIVE ON SERVICES: THE IMPACT ON LITHUANIAN MARKET by Author (2007) - So we can state, that the Directive on Services will have a positive impact to Lithuanian service market by creating possibilities not only for transport services and travel but for other kind of services exports as well. More than half of the exports of services comprised transport services. Keywords: directive; european; lithuanian; market; services
• Analysis of the Legal and Regulatory Situation of Uncovered Corporate Bond Issuance in the Baltic States: is there a Common Framework Possible? by Tocelovska, Natalja; Eglite, Agne (2021) - The remaining challenge for the legal and regulatory framework of corporate bond issuance in the European Union is to become more efficient while benefiting from improvements in bond markets throughout the le- gal sources in the legal hierarchy. The latter (if applied to the corporate sector) would correspond to the establishment of a framework for pan-Baltic corporate bond issuance. Keywords: baltic; bond; bond issuance; capital; european; framework; insolvency; law; market; pan; prospectus; prospectus regulation; regulation
• LEGAL REGULATIONS OF FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A BOOST TO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT: CASE STUDY OF EURES NETWORK ACTIVITIES IN LITHUANIA by Pauzaite, Zivile; Baryniene, Jurgita; Suke, Margarita (2014) - EURES Lithuania network was established in 2003 and there are 10 EURES bureaus in every territorial public employment services (Territorial labour exchange). Activities of EURES network towards an employment in the European Union disseminating information about legal regulations of free movement of workers With reference to European job mobility laboratory, before the crisis, there were large-scale movements from the EU12 into the EU15, particularly to the UK, Ireland and Sweden. Keywords: eures; european; job; labour; lithuania; market; movement; network; rate; unemployment; workers

• Refugee Quota: Is Estonia Ready to Receive Refugees? A Review of the Literature on Migration and Ethnic Minorities in Estonia by Islam, Aminul (2016) - Following initial iden­ tification and using content analysis process, existing literature were characterized into four major patterns: definition of immigrant population in Estonia, emigration and ethnic return migration in Es­ tonia, formation of ethnic minorities and their structure, and ethnic minorities and integration. Following this process, existing literature were characterized into four major patterns: Methodology 1 definition of immigrant population in Es­ tonia and to put them into perspective, 2 emigration and ethnic return migration in Estonia, 3 formation of ethnic minorities and their structure, 4 ethnic minorities and integration. Keywords: estonia; immigrants; migration; minorities; number; population; return; studies; tammaru
• The European Mind-set, European Opinion and Economic Developments in 2007-2017: Major Changes of Public Opinion and the European Mind-set in Years 2004-2018 by Kaivo-Oja, Jari; Lauraeus, Theresa (2018) - The study provides empirical insights about the European mind- set changes in the context of global and European economy especially in 2017 (“The Future of European Integrat ion Studies 2018/12 36 Europe”, September 2017) on the basis of the latest European future oriented studies of Euroba- rometer research in 2004–2018. Sources: European Commission 2018, Eurostat 2018 This empirical data based analysis reveals that European economic situation analysis in the Standard Eurobarometer data and GDP index has been interlinked in historical trend analysis. Keywords: analysis; changes; commission; eurobarometer; european; future; index; mind; set; studies; study
• ICT USE IN CREATING ENVIRONMENT SUPPORTING STUDY PROCESS AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL by Author (2008) - No 2 signers, Evening Groups: Interior designers; Part-time group of interior designers, total of 127 students) with the teacher continuously documenting the following data: students’ participation in the study process• : visits to FORUM, works produced in response to the assignment; comments and questions posted (students behavior, in conformity to the structures and resources) students’ evaluation of the task types• and activities (students’ attitudes, tasks relevance, ability to set own goals ) self-reports on types of resources actually• used, incl. Special attention was paid to successful adjustment of a student to the context of higher education, acceptance of the specifi c requirements of the context, awareness of the processes in the groups of students, fi nding means to address members of heterogeneous groups. Keywords: attitudes; education; environment; experience; learners; learning; process; students; studies; study; teacher
• INTEGRATION OF EUROPE AS THE FIELD OF INTEREST OF JEAN MONNET PROJECT by Author (2008) - During the year of 2002-2008 there were launched all teaching activities of Jean Monnet Action in KTU EI: Jean Monnet Chair, Jean Monnet courses and modules which were mostly linked to legal, political or economic aspects of European Integration, while Jean Monnet European centre of excellence (JMECE) launched in Kaunas University of Technology Institute of Europe in 2003 with its activity appears as multidisciplinary action. Jean Monnet European centre of excellence promoted the partnership of universities, students, teachers, academic and non-academic community in the fi eld of European Integration studies. Keywords: action; activities; european; integration; jean; jean monnet; monnet; process; studies; union
• Estimating Production Function Before Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe by Mlodkowski, Pawel (2020) - Other findings and observations that open new areas for economic growth studies, are as fol- lows. The final conclusion is that economic growth studies in the EU face the issue of inconsistent and idiosyncratic transformation mechanisms over time. Keywords: covid-19; economic; european; function; growth; labor; młodkowski; new; population; production; studies
• Exploring Tendencies in Migrants’ Legal Consciousness Research and Uncovering Factors for Socio-Legal Integration by Miežanskienė, Ramunė (2020) - In this way, the following research will present a constituent step forward in scientific knowledge in this sub-field of legal consciousness research. The investigation on the tendencies on migrants’ legal consciousness research reveals a con- siderably narrow geographical division and contextual locality of publications. Keywords: abrego; consciousness; factors; law; migrants; publications; research; review; society; status; studies
• Possibilities and Restrictions on the Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Security Work in Latvia by Veinbergs, Vilnis; Kisnica, Ivita (2021) - Empirical research proves that a Latvian security company does not use UA and UAS security services at all, although an insignificant part of respondents admitted that they have tried or thought about using such technical support to protect objects and maintain security of public events. Despite the fact that not all research is directly aimed at investigating UA-specific flights, UA equipment, that has been deployed on a flying de- vice, can be valuable for security work. Keywords: aircraft; article; authors; data; doi; equipment; european; public; research; respondents; security; studies; study; uas; use; work
• Framing of Information, Psychological Distance, and Belief in Health Related Information under Time Pressure in Older Adults by Mikuličiūtė, Vita; Jurkuvėnas, Vytautas ; Ivleva, Viktorija; Kairys, Antanas; Pakalniškienė, Vilmantė (2023) - Belief in fake news is especially dangerous for older people, not only because fake news usually promotes dangerous behavior (e.g. do not seek COVID-19 vaccination), but also because older people are the ones who are most likely to share fake news on social media in such way helping to spread them. KEYWORDS: fake news, older people, psychological distance, positive framing, negative framing. Keywords: age; belief; covid-19; distance; framing; health; information; news; participants; psychology; studies; study
• YOUNGSTERS’ MOTIVATIONS AND DIFFICULTIES FOR CHOOSING SEAFARER CAREER. THE CASE OF LATVIA by Fernandez Gonzalez, Manuel Joaquin; Semjonovs, Dmitrijs; Bogdanecs, Aleksejs; Ozola, Sandra (2014) - Identifying present fears and myths about seafarer profession will help to improve the quality of information about seafarer career that is delivered to them by several channels (presentation in the schools, information in websites, forums about carrier choice etc.). The main “reasons for choosing seafarer profession” were “stable employment” (MR=4.42 in a 5 point Likert scale) and “travelling and seeing new places” (MR=4.42), followed by “good salary” (MR=4.38). Keywords: career; factors; family; information; life; maritime; profession; research; respondents; seafarer; seafarer profession; students; studies; study; work

• THE CLOUD UNIVERSITY PLATFORM: NEW CHALLENGES OF THE CO-OPERATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM by Kaivo-oja, Jari; Stenvall, Jari (2011) - Keywords: Universities, co-operation, Europe, innovation systems, open innovation paradigm, ecosystems of innovation, cloud computing, innovation dynamics, life long learning. User-innovators and open innovation models will probably change the logic of innovation systems in the future. Keywords: cloud; computing; european; innovation; knowledge; new; research; social; society; technology; universities; university
• EXPECTATIONS BY EMPLOYERS ON SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYEES by Kantane, Inara; Sloka, Biruta; Buligina, Ilze; Tora, Ginta; Busevica, Regina; Buligina, Alise; Dzelme, Juris; Tora, Peteris (2015) - In the transport and storage industry employers highly evaluated the initiative, Latvian language skills and knowledge, purposefulness, caring for the agenda and organization of work, progress towards development, the ability to plan further education (arithmetic mean 10, median 10); in the manufacturing industry – professional knowledge, Latvian language skills and knowledge, computer skills). The empirical research showed that professional skills, knowledge, caring for the agenda and organization of work, purposefulness, cooperation, ability to plan and control, honesty are significant part of employers needs for qualified employees. Keywords: ability; attitudes; education; employers; factor; knowledge; language skills; motivation; plan; skills; work
• AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF LATVIAN CONSUMER’S ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS by Aleksejeva, Inese (2016) - Latvian consumers’ attitude towards genetic modification and GMO have been characterized as negative using Eurobarometer data, but so far no specific investigation of Latvian consumers has been done in this field. but so far no specific investigation of Latvian consumers has been done in this field. Keywords: attitudes; consumers; european; food; gmo; knowledge; modification; perception; products; research; respondents; risk; use
• PRESUMPTIVE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN AND EDUCATION & TRAINING: NECESSARY PRECONDITIONS FOR UNIVERSITIES’ ACTIONS by Author (2010) - Formulating the requirements for University rankings • enabling to enhance quality of university graduates; Uplift of the autonomy as the essential precondition • of universities for systematic improvement of the university’s activity; necessary shifts in the content of graduate’s skills As I already mentioned, spiritual values should have an important position among other learning outcomes of university graduates. Keywords: education; european; graduates; knowledge; research; universities; university
• Czech National Anti - Crisis Plan in a Europe of Knowledge context 1 by Author (2009) - No 3 49 sustainability of industries of knowledge economy is legitimate. There is no mention of knowledge economy or investments in this area among the priorities. Keywords: crisis; czech; economy; european; government; knowledge; oecd; plan; r&d; stabilization
• TRENDS OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FOR KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY: TOWARDS COMPETENCE AS THE SYNERGY OF KNOWLEDGE, ABILITIES AND SKILLS by Author (2007) - Human resources are the main axis of knowledge – based economy participating in processes of: • knowledge acquirement (by learning); • creation of new knowledge; • configuration of knowledge, usage of knowledge (knowledge based activity); • dissemination of knowledge. Under the conditions of knowledge based economy there is important not only the making of research, but also commercialization of research results. Keywords: abilities; competence; economy; human; knowledge; learning; resources; skills; workers
• COMPETENCE CENTRES AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACT ON LITHUANIA’S KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT by Author (2007) - And it is described as system which involves science, business and government sectors one of the innovation intermediates, including, science and technology parks, business incubators, technology transfer institutions and innovation centres. This article deals with the features Lithuania’s knowledge-based economy, also with the situation of competence centres and their possible impact on the development of Lithuanian knowledge-based economy. Keywords: centres; competence; economy; european; innovation; knowledge; line; lithuania; r&d; research
• FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IN POLAND by Author (2007) - The presence of FDI was important and beneficial for the economy: • for most foreign direct investors there were no shock because they came to Poland just because of the anticipated EU membership, • foreign investors were penetrating Poland’s economy since the beginning of the 90 (PAIZ, 2007). The aims of the paper are as follows: • to depict why Poland shall attract FDI, • to show why technology oriented FDI are important for the Polish economy, • to describe the changing pattern of FDI in Poland and consequences of these changes for Poland’s economy move towards the knowledge based economy. Keywords: economy; enterprises; fdi; foreign; knowledge; poland; technology
• Developing Intercultural Competence Through Design Thinking by Hantsiuk, Tetiana; Vintoniv, Khrystyna ; Opar, Nataliia; Hryvnak, Bohdan (2021) - The tasks of the research are: a to review the main contributions to the field of design thinking by analysing multidisciplinary studies on how design thinking fosters development of variety competences including intercultural com- petence; b to design the framework to reveal the correlation between the components of intercultural compe- tence and the stages of design thinking process; c to observe the changes in the students’ intercultural competence level by analysing learners’ re- sponses to the case of intercultural misunderstanding at the beginning of studying the cross-cul- tural communication classes and after finishing the course. The article sets the following tasks: a to review the main contributions to the field of design thinking by analysing multidisciplinary studies on how design thinking fosters development of variety competences including inter- cultural competence; b to design the framework to reveal the correlation between the components of intercultural competence and the stages of design thinking process; c to observe the changes in the students’ intercultural competence level by analysing learners’ responses to the case of intercultural misunderstanding at the beginning of studying the In- tercultural Communication classes and after finishing the course. Keywords: awareness; communication; competence; course; design; design thinking; knowledge; process; research; skills; students; thinking

• PREFERRED OWNERS OF EUROPEAN GAS STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION COMPANIES by Bogdanova, Olga; Arefjevs, Ilja; Spiridonovs, Juris (2017) - Cluster Owners State of establishment Other EU state Non-EU state Private 1 0% 42-50% 0% 50-58% SDL DE, Swedegas SE 2 0 0% 41-50% 50-59% Gazprom DE, REN PT 3 100% 0% 0% 0% Bulgartransgaz BG, Energinet DK, NVES NL, Magyar HU, MMBF HU, PSP HR, VNG G DE 4 72-84% 0% 0% 16-28% Fluxys BE, OSM PL, HGTSO GR 5 0-15% 0% 0% 85-100% CSL UK, Enagas ES, NAM NL, RWE GG DE, SSE H UK, UES DE 6 28-29% 0-10% 0% 62-71% NAFTA SK, Pozagas SK Outliers 0-50% 0-85% 0-76% 15-85% Astora DE, ES IT, OMV AT, RAG AT, RWE GS CZ, Stogit IT, Storengy FR, TAQA E NL, TIGF FR 153 European Integrat ion Studies 2017/11 company. France based TIG FR is also owned by non-EU investors to a bigger extent compared to state of establishment and EU state ownership. Keywords: cluster; companies; energy; establishment; european; expert; gas; non; owners; ownership; research; state; storage; transmission; union
• MAIN MOTIVATORS OF SOCIAL AUDIT: CASE OF ESTONIA by Nestra, Chrislin; Gurvits, Natalja (2018) - As clearly illustrated by table 6 among the positive benefits associated with possible future per- formance of social audit companies selected their desire to demonstrate the responsibility and values of the company as well as possibility to evaluate the impact of its activities on various groups of stakeholders 145 European Integrat ion Studies 2018/12 Impact No. of respondents % of respondents Not aware of this option 44 41 Not popular in Estonia 30 28 Lack of interest from the company’s side 21 20 Other reasons: not ready for this process; not necessary for the company; plans to perform it in future, not in our priority list now etc. 18 19 Costly and time-consuming process 19 18 It is difficult to find qualified specialists to perform social audit in Estonia 12 11 Lack of positive impact associated with this process As becomes evident from the table 5 the main reasons of non-performing social audit turned out to non-awareness of such option, non-popularity of social audit in Estonia in general and lack of interest among companies. Keywords: assurance; audit; authors; companies; company; estonia; impact; respondents; responsibility
• CSR and ownership interrelation: evidence from Estonia by Glushkova, Irina; Gurvits-Suits , Natalie Aleksandra (2019) - It is obvious that in case of individual ownership CSR disclosures are less frequent and less aspects are reported, while in case of corporate and institutional ownership, CSR report- ing is widely adopted, and the wide scope of aspects is reported. In the Table 2 there are presented ways of CSR related disclosures as well as the presence of most commonly used certificates and initiatives. Keywords: companies; csr; disclosures; information; ownership; reporting; responsibility; type
• The Market’s Maturity for Public Procurement of Circular Furniture: A Study from Latvia by Simanovska, Jana; Pelsa , Inese (2021) - With this research, the authors investigate the market’s maturity, i.e. the readiness of suppliers to offer circular furniture and services, as well as the readiness of municipalities to uptake it. With this research, the authors wanted to broaden the knowl- edge on the market maturity in Latvia for circular services and products i.e., the readiness of sup- pliers to offer circular furniture and services, as well as the readiness of municipalities to uptake it. Keywords: circular; companies; economy; european; furniture; municipalities; parts; plan; procurement; public; services; use
• Decade of Sustainability Reporting in EU: Main Changes and Trends. Case of Companies Listed on NASDAQ OMX Baltic Main List by Gurvitš-Suits, Natalie Aleksandra; Sidorova, Inna (2022) - The results of this research are completely in line with latest developments within the IASB, confirming that there is a definitive need for international sustainability reporting standards which will add to the transpar- ency, credibility and comparability of non-financial reporting. KEYWORDS: Corporate Social Responsibility, ESG, EU Directive 2014/95EU, Non-financial Reporting, Sus- tainability Reporting, SDG. Keywords: baltic; companies; directive; doi; european; financial; reporting; reports; sustainability

• International Finance Trilemma as a Tool for Balanced Development of an Economy by Bogdanova, Olga; Arefjevs, Ilja (2020) - FINANCIAL TRILEMMA Financial stability Financial inclusionTransparency External disruption Country context Figure 1 Genral concept of Financial trilemma (authors) Financial stability can be defined as “a condition where the financial system – comprising fi- nancial intermediaries, markets and market infrastructure, is capable of withstanding shocks and the unravelling of financial imbalances, thereby mitigating the likelihood of disruptions in the financial intermediation process which are severe enough to significantly impair the allocation of savings to profitable investment opportunities” (European Central Bank, 2019). Financial trilemma index is expressed by the following equation: FTI = 0,3 * Keywords: bank; country; economic; economy; energy; financial; index; sector; services; stability; trilemma; trilemma index; world
• Assessment of Feldstein’s ‘Global Imbalance' by Mlodkowski, Pawel (2021) - U.S. economy enjoys win-win situation, while the global imbalance has been gradually resolved. It was Feldstein (2008) who had already foreseen two developments in regard to U.S. national saving. Keywords: deficit; dollar; economy; european; exchange; feldstein; figure; imbalance; trade; u.s; world

• SOME ISSUES CONCERNING UNIFICATION AND HARMONIZATION OF EUROPEAN FOUNDATION LAW by Nesterenko, Polina (2011) - However, today a huge number of issues related to the development of unified rules of the European private law and European foundation law, had left unresolved. Even if common act - European Civil Code for Member States isn’t created, further unification of foundation law would be extremely important for all private spheres of the society. Keywords: civil; code; european; european foundation; foundation; law; member; states; statute; unification
• NEGOTIATIONS ON THE TRANSATLANTIC FREE TRADE AREA. EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED AGREEMENT ON THE ECONOMIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Gostomski, Eugeniusz; Michałowski, Tomasz (2015) - Share of the EU in US merchandise trade in 2003- 2013 (in %) Share of the EU in US merchandise trade in 2003- 2013 (in %) Keywords: economic; european; european union; exports; fdi; investment; share; states; trade; ttip; united; united states; world
• DILEMMAS OF POST-ENLARGEMENT EUROPE: BUILDING AN ‘INSECURITY COMMUNITY’? by Dangerfield, Martin Victor (2016) - EU–Russia relations; Ukrainian crisis; Eastern Partnership; EU enlargement; EU trade with Russia. 2014 marked the ten year anniversary of the launch of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and the five year anniversary of its ‘offspring’ the Eastern Partnership (EaP). The concept of Optimum Integration Area (OIA) devel­ oped by Dangerfield (2011) not only shows whether states are fit for membership at a specific time but also clearly suggests that the traditional sequencing of steps towards EU integration would have been more suitable for the EaP countries. Keywords: community; eap; eastern; enlargement; european; integration; post; russia; security; states
• THE EUROPEAN MIGRATION CRISIS – ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACTORS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE by Borowicz, Aleksandra (2017) - The discussion between EU Member States with respect to fulfilling the resettlement obligation is entirely unjustified, as the legal mandate of the European Commission stems directly from the Treaties. It was estimated that the average budgetary expenses for asylum seekers in EU Member States could increase by 0.05 and 0.1 percent of GDP in 2015 and 2016, respectively, compared to 2014 (see table below). Keywords: economic; european; integration; member; member states; migrants; migration; migration crisis; process; states; union
• EUROPEAN UNION CITIZENSHIP WITHIN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY by Author (2010) - Task of this article: To identify the main principles of EU citizenship; • To systemize the legal basic of EU citizenship • It was not until the Maastricht Treaty that EU citizenship was formally introduced as a legal concept. Keywords: citizenship; discrimination; european; european union; member; member states; national; rights; states; treaty; union; union citizenship
• TAX HARMONIZATION AND TAX COMPETITION IN EUROP EAN UNION by Author (2009) - Several attitudes to tax competition and tax harmonization are discussed, including the tax competition theories. Abstract The paper deals with the problems of tax harmonization and competition in the Eropean union (Eu). Keywords: capital; european; harmonization; rates; states; tax; tax competition; tax harmonization; taxation; taxes
• 50 YEARS OF EUROPEAN UNION DEVELOPMENT: QUANTUM LEAPS AND SMALL STEPS? by Author (2008) - • While examples of small steps are: some of the de facto increasing powers of the • European Parliament increasing de facto role of the European Court • of Justice in relation to the legal interpretation of EU legislation de facto and gradual introduction of new • policies such as the environment and health, and more recently energy extension of qualifi ed majority voting areas at • the Council creation of satellite agencies. Alexandre Berlin Honorary Director, European Commission Associate, Institute for European Studies, University of British Columbia, Canada Based on the Presentation at ThEU@50 Symposium of the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome (Vilnius, 30 March 2007) Keywords: european; european union; health; member; peace; states; treaty; years

• STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY OF POLISH REGIONS by Author (2008) - No 2 STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY OF POLISH REGIONS Krystyna Gawlikowska-Hueckel Stanis aw Umi ski University of Gda sk Abstract The paper refers to structural changes and growth dynamics in Polish regions (voivodships). Then there are development differences among Polish regions presented. Keywords: changes; gdp; growth; polish; regions; services; share; value
• Integration of Latvian Immigrants in Germany Throuch Psychological Well-being and Engagement with the Cultural Community by Blumberga, Solveiga; Vilcane, Mara (2022) - Research questions are the following: What is an assessment of the psychological well-being of Latvian immigrants; What are the key factors attracting immigrants to the cultural communi- ty; Are there statistically significant correlations between immigrants’ psychological well-being and attraction factors? However, a problematic aspect exists business wise, and it is related to finding factors which may help to attract immigrants to Latvian diaspora organizations as to the place, where success stories of other immigrants living in Germany for longer time can be found, that can be source of inspiration and support to newcomers who have just arrived and still looking for their ways to settle down. Keywords: association; cultural; doi; germany; growth; immigrants; integration; latvian; level; life; people; respondents; scale; survey

• Immigrant Integration: the Role of NGO’s in Lithuania for Upholding Immigrant Assimilation by Muraleedharan, Vishnu (2020) - These circumstances led to a challenging situation for NGO measures, especially for the advocacy and grassroots move- ments. The article aims to analyze immigrant integration measures, focusing on the NGO advocacy pri- marily through advocacy for immigrant assimilation through the advocacy measures of lobbying, media management, cultural awareness, and acquiring national and European funds. Keywords: activities; actors; advocacy; aspect; european; immigrant; immigration; integration; integration measures; lithuania; measures; media; ngo; ngos; public; society
• Editorial by Daugėlienė, Rasa (2022) - Old-new trends or possible balance for challenged European Integration processes in Nordic-Baltic cooperation are presented. At the present, the annual scientific journal European Integration Studies is published once a year. Keywords: european; integration
• Editorial by Daugėlienė, Rasa (2023) - At the present, the annual scientific journal European Integration Studies is published once a year. I hope that presented new scientific ideas and ways of problem solving will help to develop research not only for academics and students but and for wide representatives of society that seek to improve their knowledge in European Integration Processes. Keywords: european; integration

• Assessment and Development of Public Servants Using the Design Thinking Methodology for the Reforms and Innovations Introduction by Orliv, Mariana; Janiūnaitė, Brigita; Goshovska, Valentyna; Daugėlienė, Rasa (2021) - Experiment Feedback Figure 2 Personal, social and public sector system qualities Features of the use of design thinking methodology in the public servants development Since most innovations in the public sector are process ones (De Vries, Bekkers, & Tummers, 2015), in determining the methodology of assessment and training of public servants using the design thinking methodology, we should define both results-oriented and process-oriented re- quirements which are reflected in the Matrix of approaches and requirements (Table 3). Therefore, in 2016 OECD started to unpack the complex topic of skills and capabilities for public sector innovation. Keywords: assessment; design; european; innovation; methodology; qualities; reforms; results; sector; self; servants; thinking; training

• VALUE - ADDED TAX (VAT) AFF ECTION TO THE LITHUANIAN ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS. IT’S APP LICATION IN THE FOOD SECTOR by Author (2010) - EU countries, VAT rates, the practice shows that two - thirds of the countries apply reduced rates of agricultural and food products. Since the beginning of 2009 changed the system of VAT rates had the greatest impact on Lithuanian food for consumers, which, compared to other EU countries are among the most family budget issuing food. Keywords: food; level; lithuanian; percent; products; rate; standard; vat
• REALIZATION OF PROF ESSIONAL PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE DELIVERING ICT-BASED COU RSES by Author (2009) - Introduction Realization of professional pedagogical competence should be informed by the understanding of the overarching concept of competence. Research methods included literature review to describe the models of professional pedagogical competence at HE level. Keywords: competence; education; experience; issues; learning; level; pedagogical; professional; research; students; teacher
• Social Media use Across Generations: from Addiction to Engagement by Koçak, Orhan; Arslan, Hüseyin ; Erdoğan, Abdullah (2021) - The level of social media addiction among middle-aged individuals turned out to be below average, but social media addiction levels were considerably high. Studies relat- ed to social media addiction are generally done on youth. Keywords: addiction level; age; education; effect; graduate; individuals; internet; level; media addiction; middle; participants; people; school; smartphone; study; technology; use; young

• BREXIT IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE ENLARGMEMENT OF THE WESTERN BALKANS by Qorraj, Gazmend (2017) - The economic impact respectively trade could derive indirectly on the Western Balkans as these countries have trade relations with Germany, Italy and other EU countries which are affected from the Brexit. The emigration and refuge crises was seen as the most important issue from the 39% of respon- dents, about the current EU main challenges, followed by EU economic crises and convergence around 26% of respondents, Brexit 24%, and the enlargement process only 11%. Keywords: balkans; brexit; enlargement; european; impact; process; respondents
• Contemporary Innovation Challenges – Future of Adoption Artificial Intelligence: Case of Estonia by Gavrilova, Valeria; Gurvitsh-Suits, Natalie Aleksandra (2020) - Table 2 Main reasons, associated benefits and areas related to implementation of artificial intelligence in the field of financial accounting (in % of respondents) Main reasons and associated benefits Strongly agree or rather agree Main areas Strongly agree or rather agree Table 4 Main constraints and tasks making implementation of artificial intelligence not possible in Estonia (in % of respondents) Main constraints in accounting field in Estonia Strongly agree or rather agree Main tasks non-suitable for implementation Strongly agree or rather agree Shortage of implementation experience 99% Solving of problems requiring creative thinking 93% Shortage of professionals 96% Consulting 92% Complexity of artificial intelligence 94% Independent decision making 91% Need of large investments 78% Finding solutions to ethical problems and dilemmas 90% Complexity of calculating the cost of implementation of artificial intelligence 66% Management of exceptions 86% Shortage of rules and standards 66% Discussions 84% Big associated risks 61% Handling of force-majeure situations 76% Ethical consideration 53% Interpretation of data and results 53% Distrust 43% Controlling and monitoring 39% Keywords: accounting; data; estonia; implementation; intelligence; research; respondents; results; survey
• Enhancement of Retail Consumer Loyalty in Latvia by Means of Social Media Communication by Linina, Iveta; Vevere, Velga (2020) - Moving to the second are of our conceptual framework, i.e., the employment of social networks in building retail consumer loyalty, we have to admit that literature in the field covers quite broad spectrum of issues – from the role of consumer references and the rewarding engagement strategies, from the electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) and creation of online communities to the online communication strategies (Ali, 2016; Leonardi et al., 2013; Poturak & Softić, 2019; Pütter, 2017; Schivinski & Dabrowski, 2014). The research question posed in the article was the following: What role does social media play in enhancing consumer loyalty in retailing? Keywords: brand; communication; consumer; customers; journal; loyalty; marketing; media; research; respondents; store; survey
• Influencer Marketing from a Consumer Perspective: How Attitude, Trust, and Word of Mouth Affect Buying Behavior by Singh, Kamaldeep (2021) - Hence this study will investigate influencer marketing from a consumer perspective through a qualitative method with the help of semi-structured interviews. This is called for influencer marketing and is about companies using SMIs to promote consumers' brand awareness and influence their pur- chasing decisions via social media. Keywords: buying; consumers; influencer; marketing; media; person; product; respondents; smi; trust
• LEADERSHIP, COMMUNICATION AND UNION COMMITMENT IN LATVIA: DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT by Line, Antra; Lasmane, Anita (2014) - Considering theoretically approaches to the leadership of various levels of trade union leaders, the authors of the present paper state that, irrespective of the specifics of trade union leaders, the overall typical trend in trade union leadership ISSN 1822–8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. The results indicate an ineffective two-way communication between trade union members and enterprise trade union leaders, revealing a leadership problem: industry trade union leaders cannot or do not want to find out members’ opinions on significant issues about the trade union’s activities. Keywords: communication; enterprise trade; group; leadership; members; officers; respondents; trade union; union leaders; union members; union officers; unions

• IMPROVEMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY PROGRAMME ON THE BASE OF MODULARITY by Author (2008) - Despite of the current positive state RTU Institute of Applied Computer Systems (IACS) taking advantages provided by European Social Fund in Latvia is implementing a set of projects directed towards improvement of the educational curriculum “Computer Systems” and the quality of studies. The development of the fi rst curriculum, which later was called “Computer Systems”, was based on two relevant documents, namely, the “Computing Curriculum 1991” (Computing, 1991) and “Model Curriculum and Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Program in Information Systems” (IS’97 in brief) (Davis, 1997). Keywords: computer; courses; curriculum; education; european; information; programme; study; systems
• THE EU EXERTING AN IDEATIONAL POWER BEYOND ITS FRONTIERS? LATIN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND EUROPEAN MODEL AS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSMISSION OF EUROPE OF KNOWLEDGE: THE CASE OF CHILE AND MEXICO by Espinoza Figueroa, Francis Charlotte (2014) - The main purpose of this paper is to examine the growth of European ideas circulating throughout the field of Latin American Higher Education (HE), as part of the Bologna Process. In terms of Chilean public policies, European ideas have had a significant impact on three main aspects: a) the mechanism of allocating public financial resources (MECESUP) b) a new culture of planning and assessing projects for HE and c) in an indirect way, the National Accreditation System which has come under European influence. Keywords: actor; bologna; education; european; latin; policies; power; process; union

• SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS OF LITHUANIA AND GERMANY: DIVERSITY OF APPROACHES by Author (2010) - Judging from the above regulations, we can assume that the question of health insurance is one of the most important health protection policy questions in the European union. In the article is described concept and types of health insurance, is made comparison of circle of insured persons of the analysed countries, their rights and responsibilities. Keywords: federal; federal republic; funds; germany; health; health insurance; healthcare; insurance; lithuania; patient; protection; republic; system
• EU INITIATIVE OF BETTER REGULATION AND ITS STATUS IN LITHUANIA by Vitkute, Evelina Agota (2014) - Is better regulation smarter regulation? Application of better regulation measures should have a significant impact on current legislation procedures and quality of legal acts; also it may be an important tool ensuring higher competitiveness of Lithuanian investment environment. Keywords: acts; burden; commission; european; european commission; impact; issn; law; lithuania; measures; reduction; regulation; regulatory

• THE AARHUS CONVENTION AND ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE EU AND SERBIA by Lilić, Stevan (2007) - Not only can the citizens directly take part in deciding environmental law issues, but also take respective action and initiate procedure in protecting environmental fundamental rights. [Note: For one example, R.J. Lazarus, Pursuant Environmental Justice: the Distributional Effects of Environmental Protection, 87 Northwest University Law Review (1993) 787, identifies five means of pursuing environmental justice in the U.S.A., which include both rethinking the substance of environmental laws and litigating civil rights associated with environmental protection.] Keywords: aarhus; access; convention; environmental; european; information; justice; law; protection; public

• JUDGE IMPARTIALITY IN COMPREHENSIVE JUDICIAL DEVELOPMENT by Neimanis, Janis; Matjusina, Rada (2011) - In 17 century the concept of judicial impartiality increases in the society but it is valued as the clearly understood concept that does not need any additional interpretations.11 However, that time, although the clear criteria of judicial impartiality and specific requirements for the court were not inquired, it can be seen the first modern interpretation of the concept of judicial impartiality, that is, the interpretation ISSN 1822–8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. Nowadays we often think about how it is possible to ensure judicial impartiality. Keywords: concept; court; criteria; european; impartiality; law; public; rights; society

• Personnel Training EFFICIENCY Evaluation System: Competitive Ability Aspect by Author (2009) - The authors examine the problem of personnel efficiency evaluation in accomplished studies propose the purposeful enumeration of objectives that are influenced by training efficiency evaluation, when the formation of personnel training efficiency evaluation takes place. No 3 PersoNNel TraiNiNg eFFiCieNCY evaluaTioN sYsTem: ComPeTiTive abiliTY asPeCT Asta Stankevičienė Aušra Liučvaitienė Agnė Šimelytė Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas abstract Theoretical premises of personnel training efficiency evaluation as one of the factors establishing competitive ability advantage, while emphasising changes of working productivity, are analysed in this article. Keywords: ability; advantage; competitive; efficiency evaluation; evaluation; factors; personnel; personnel training; system; training; training efficiency

• REPRESENTATIONS OF BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC RELATIONSHIPS: LATVIAN EXAMPLE by Puzulis, Armands; Skinkis, Peteris (2011) - Key words: public private relation, planning, boundaries, land use. Here, the various developer projects were created with no regard for public space, utility connections or communications. Keywords: boundaries; individual; interests; land; new; planning; public; riga; space; state; territories; use

• THE PARTICIPATION BANKING AND ITS COMPARISON WITH DEPOSIT BANKING IN THE TURKISH FINANCE MARKET by Sayım, Ferhat; Alakel, Murat (2011) - Introduction With their former name Private Finance Institutions, or with the new one, Participation Banks have no authority to collect deposits but receive fund through special current accounts or profit and loss participation accounts, and utilize fund through methods such as production support, community of profit and loss, financial leasing, buying and selling documents against payment. Participation Banks are banks operating in financial sector, financing real economy and offering banking service. Keywords: bank association; banking; banks; bat; deposit; deposit banks; end; finance; funds; increase; institutions; interest; participation banks; system; total; turkey
• BUILDING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT STRATEGY FOR GROWTH: SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH 1 by Author (2009) - It points out the possibilities of using the principles and tools of system dynamics methodology, as well as the limits of system dynamics. It is useful to provide some kind of system detachment and information on how system dynamics helps in solving complex problems within complexity in the economic environment, mainly with respect to the integration. Keywords: complexity; dynamics; methodology; models; system; system dynamics

• Identification of Smart Regions with Resilience, Specialisation and Labour Intensity of globally Competitive Sector – The Examination of the LAU-1 Regions in Finland by Haukioja, Teemu; Kaivo-oja, Jari; Karppinen, Ari; Vähäsantanen, Saku (2018) - According to Table 1, the Kuopio sub-region is the most diversified (of the 70 sub-regions) but the economic significance of the industrial sector is minimal in its regional economy. In Finland, the sub-region of Salo with its earlier large indus- trial Nokia production had a similar economic position to the Imatra and Raahe sub-regions. Keywords: finland; hhi; index; intensity; labour; manufacturing; region; regional; rrsi; specialisation; structure; sub; � �

• Trade in Services in the European Union by Kersan Skabic, Ines (2020) - This paper explains specific characteristics of foreign trade in services, provides analysis of the structure of service trade and highlights the limitation of wider trade expansion (i.e. liberalization of trade). Service trade is faced with tougher restrictions in cross-border trade. Keywords: goods; intra; mode; services; total; trade

• TIME USE. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND HEALTH CARE ASPECTS OF GREEK AND EUROPEAN CITIZENS by Papailias, Michail Th (2017) - The book of Harris “Leisure time” (Laliotis, trans., 2011) consider education as a pleasurable activity of leisure time, but because of institutional, bureaucratic organization (aiming at profes- sional rehabilitation) and the continuous evaluation finally is perceived as a job. The book of Diamandopoulos (2004) “Pedagogical of leisure time” presents in the first section a partial similar approach to this paper as far as it concerns Greece. Keywords: european; greece; greek; health; leisure; social; time; use; work; years

• FACTORS THAT MOTIVATE LATVIAN CONSUMERS TO PURCHASE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN LATVIA: THE CASE OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION by Casno, Kristīne; Šķiltere, Daina; Sloka, Biruta (2019) - Since in Latvia no research has been previously conducted regarding marketing aspects in social enterprises, Au- thors aim to uncover the factors (including social responsibility aspects, product price and quality etc.) that motivate purchase of social enterprise products / services most and also evaluate to what degree the relative importance of these factors results in more frequent purchasing behavior. European Integrat ion Studies 2019/13 90 European Integration Studies No. 13 / 2019, pp. 90-99 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.13.23437 Abstract Factors that Motivate Latvian Consumers to Purchase Products and Services From Social Enterprises in Latvia: The Case of Socially Responsible Consumption http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.13.23495 Kristine Casno, University of Latvia Daina Šķiltere, University of Latvia The purpose of the study is to -determine the relative importance of various factors that motivate Lat- vian consumers to purchase products and services from social enterprises in order to provide practical suggestions and recommendations for Latvian social enterprises that would allow them to improve their performance. Keywords: analysis; consumers; enterprises; entrepreneurship; latvian; marketing; motivating; products; research; results
• Relationships in the Digital Age: Self-disclosure and Communication in Social Networking Sites by Huber, Loreta; Martinaitytė, Monika (2022) - Entries regarding benefits were “I established a lot of friendships through social networking sites”, “I maintain a lot of friendships through social networking sites” and “I believe that overall social networking sites help me to expand my social circle”. European Integrat ion Studies2022/16 24 Abstract Relationships in the Digital Age: Self-disclosure and Communication in Social Networking Sites http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.16.31632 Loreta Huber, Monika Martinaitytė Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities European Integration Studies No. 16 / 2022, pp. 24-40 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.16.31632 Submitted 05/2022 Accepted for publication 06/2022 Relationships in the Digital Age: Self-disclosure and Communication in Social Networking Sites EIS 16/2022 With the development of new technologies and rise of social media, the desire to communicate and share information is seen as a primary driver of social networking sites, where the aspect of self-disclosure becomes one of the key characteristics for interpersonal attraction. Keywords: age; analysis; benefits; disclosure; intentions; networking sites; practices; relationship; results; rewards; satisfaction; self; study

• THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE UNDERSTANDING OF JUDGE INDEPENDENCE IN LATVIA by Neimanis, Janis (2011) - The binding nature of the decisions of the general meeting of Supreme Court judges Up to 2003 the leading role in the field of uniform practices, including statutory interpretation, was awarded to the decisions of Plenum of Supreme Court of the Republic of Latvia. Judges have begun to recognize the other elements of judge independence principle. Keywords: council; court; independence; independence principle; judge; latvian; latvijas; law; legal; power; principle
• IMPROVEMENT OF VAT SYSTEM OF LATVIA by Author (2009) - The objects of the research are VAT revenues and VAT laws and regulations. urgency of the research is related with the high importance of VAT revenues on the State budget because they comprise more than 50 per cent of the Central government basic budget income. Keywords: law; line; motorcars; revenues; tax; turnover; value; vat; year

• CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP CHARACTERISTICS IN THE EU INNOVATIVE PROJECTS FOR SME’s AND KTU REGIONAL SCIENCE PARK by Author (2009) - The research problem of the article is expression of entrepreneurship characteristics and its peculiarities in the Eu (European union) innovative projects for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) and KTu Regional Science park. The research is based on cluster analysis of entrepreneurship characteristics analysing projects’ content and interviewing enterprises of KTu Regional Science park. Keywords: activity; characteristics; cluster; enterprises; entrepreneurship; expression; research
• MANAGERS’ PERCEPTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONCEPT IN REGIONAL SCIENCE PARK OF KTU by Author (2008) - The second part is appointed to research the meaning of entrepreneurship characteristics for overall business success. The third part of questionnaire is devoted for meaning of entrepreneurship characteristics in selected enterprises. Keywords: activity; appliance; characteristics; concept; entrepreneurship; meaning; research; responsiveness

• THE OPPORTUNITIES OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING: ASPECT OF THE EU DIGITAL MARKET by Radionova, Elina; Praude, Valerijs (2016) - The effect of website features in online relationship marketing: A case of online hotel booking. Satisfaction causes customer loyalty and transform to the long – term relationship, so the traders in both markets should focus on the quality in all dimensions, for that purpose different customer research can be made to evaluate not only the satisfaction and loyalty, but also to find reason of results. _ By using relationship marketing companies in the EU especially in the Baltic States and Latvia will improve the long–term relationship with customers in order to create and increase loyalty level and improve situations in local online stores. Keywords: consumer; customer; internet; loyalty; marketing; online; quality; relationship; research; satisfaction; trading

• The Role of Community Resilience Dimensions of Agency and Resources in Community Resilience to Crises and Uncertainty in Polish Border Communities by Bełdyga, Natalia (2023) - 71 European Integrat ion Studies 2023/17 The Role of Community Resilience Dimensions of Agency and Resources in Community Resilience to Crises and Uncertainty in Polish Border Communities https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33991 European Integration Studies No. 17 / 2023, pp. 71-82 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33991 Submitted 04/2023 Accepted for publication 06/2023 The Role of Community Resilience Dimensions of Agency and Resources in Community Resilience to Crises and Uncertainty in Polish Border Communities EIS 17/2023 Abstract Introduction Natalia Bełdyga Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania The aim of the study is to analyze the role of community resilience in Polish border communities in re- sponse to crises and uncertainty caused by Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February in 2022. The case of the responses to the refugee and humanitarian crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 made by communities in Poland and other receiving EU countries, may serve as a vast territory for academic research on the role of community resilience and its core dimensions. Keywords: agency; communities; community; community resilience; crisis; help; people; poland; refugees; resources; response; ukraine

• THE EUROPEAN UNIONS HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY: ANALYSIS OF RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT by Junevicius, Algis (2011) - In Guidance on risk assessment at work, the European Commission defined risk assessment as “the process of evaluating the risk to the health and safety of worker while at work arising from the circumstances of the occurrence of a hazard at the workplace”.(…) “Risk assessment is a systematic examination of all aspects of work that identifies the hazards that could cause harm, assesses whether these hazards can be eliminated and, if not, suggests preventive or protective measures to control the risks”. Equally, this article highlights the importance of risk assessment. Keywords: assessment; directive; european; health; occupational; risk; risk assessment; safety; work; workers

• EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF SELLING TERMS IN INTERNATIONAL E-COMMERCE by Author (2010) - Multi-criteria decisions are taken in various areas of human activities. Multi-criteria decision making for e-marketplace selection. Keywords: criteria; european; international; line; price; products; purchasers; sellers; selling; terms

• CRITERIA FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEM BASED ON THE NDC PRINCIPLES by Dundure, Inara; Pukis, Maris (2015) - What level of pension contribution is needed to obtain an adequate retirement income? Define the primary objectives of pension systems and perform analysis of pension adequacy; _ Keywords: age pension; ith pensioner; k k; k year; k+1th year; kth year; pension; pension capital; pension system; pensioner; retirement year; social; year

• SOLUTION OF URGENT INTENSIFICATION PROBLEMS IN DAIRYING OF THE REGIONS OF LATVIA by Zvirgzdina, Rosita; Tilta, Elga; Zosule, Madara (2014) - In rural regions, there take place differences in the return per dairy cow that are tending to grow with all the resulting negative social economic consequences. Because of shrinking in the number of dairy cows in this region, in the end of the period the prognostic number of the cows per 100 ha of the agricultural land will achieve 7.4 units, i.e. being backward, by 2 cows, of the average of rural regions. Keywords: changes; dairies; dairy; dairy cows; dairying; increase; intensification; intensity; milk; productivity; region

• EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF ASSETS IN THE FARMS OF KURZEME PENINSULA IN LATVIA by Author (2009) - Relation of wheat purchase prices to economies of scale in NuTS 3 Kurzeme region in 2007 Indicators Groups of farms of economic sizes 2 ≤ 4 4 ≤ 8 8 ≤ 16 16≤ 40 40≤100 100≤250 >250 Wheat purchase price, LVL/t 94 80 134 118 117 137 140 % 100 85.1 142.5 125.5 124.5 145.7 148.9 Wheat yield per ha, tons 2.6 3.1 2.5 3.1 3.2 4.1 2.1 Wheat output value, LVL 224 187 2449 9772 32493 135396 45516 Wheat sold, tons (output value/ price) 2.4 2.3 18.3 82.8 277.7 988.3 325.1 Source: author’s estimates according to SUDAT data The Table 5 data and estimates show the very large role of economies of scale: for large farms, the wheat price is 1.5 times higher  than for small farms and significantly higher than for medium farms; several factors determine a higher price for large  wheat farms: higher technological quality of grain achieved o by producing grain of equal roughness; transportation of grain is cheaper if a farm o supplies large quantities etc.. the output value of wheat in large farms (100≤250  UEV) is four times larger than in medium farms ISSN 1822-8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. To reflect the polarity of the results, data on groups of farms whose economic indicators differ sharply were used, namely those whose economic size is from 4 – 8 units of economic volume (uEV) for small farms and from 40 to 250 uEV for large farms. Keywords: assets; farms; latvian; output; prices; value
• AN INTEGRATED FINANCIAL MARKET SOLUTION: TARGET2-LATVIA by Author (2008) - The research is based on a number of views regarding the signifi cance of payment systems for the implementation of the central bank’s monetary policy and improvement of the fi nancial market development process. Regarding TARGET2- Latvija, the authors have evaluated its objectives, tasks, legal framework and launching within the fi rst wave of migration to TARGET2, and have conducted the analysis of indicators determining the operation of payment systems. Keywords: banks; central; ecb; euro; european; payment; systems; target2; value

• Information about the article’s authors by Daugėlienė, Rasa (2008) - +370 37 300 476 KERŠYTĖ Jurgita, PhD student of social sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Europe, +370 37 300140, jurgita.kersyte@ktu.lt KRIŠČIŪNAS Kęstutis Prof. Habil Dr. of technical sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Europe; +370 37 30 01 37, e-mail kestutis.krisciunas@ktu.lt KVEDARAVIČIŪTĖ Inga, Master degree student; Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Europe; E-mail: ingkved@super.lt 142 ISSN 1822-8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES. Riga Technical University, phone +371 67089575, e-mail jurisl@cs.rtu.lv LIUTKUS Egidijus, Master degree student; Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Europe; E-mail: egidijus.liutkus@stud.ktu.lt MICKEVIČIENĖ Monika, PhD student of social sciences Institute of Europe, Kaunas University of Technology; tel. Keywords: kaunas; mail; technology; university

• Notes for contributors by Degutienė, Sigita (2015) - Journal article: Times New Roman font in Bold for article headings. Keywords: article; references; text
• Notes for Contributors by Blaudziunas, Robertas (2016) - Journal article: Times New Roman font in Bold for article headings. Keywords: article; author; text
• Notes for Contributors by Blaudziunas, Robertas (2017) - Journal article: Times New Roman font in Bold for article headings. Keywords: article; references; text
• Notes for Contributors by Grušas, Vytautas (2018) - Journal article: Times New Roman font in Bold for article headings. Keywords: article; references; text
• Requirements’ for the preparation of the article by Daugėlienė, Rasa (2008) - 5. Name, fi rst name, working place and it’s address • Academic degree and name, indicating science fi eld and direction, phone, E-mail • Spheres and subjects of academic interests • Other supplementary information added as a free choice of the author.• 2. Requirements for the preparation of an electronic form of an article to European Integration Studies ISSN 1822-8402 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION STUDIES (Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold) >14 pt TITLE (Times New Roman, 14 pt, Bold) >14 pt Name Surname (Times New Roman, 14 pt, Bold) >12 pt Name of author’s university (Times New Roman, 14 pt, Italic) >14 pt Abstract (Times New Roman, 11 pt, Bold) 6 pt The author presents a 5-6 pages long article (e-version) to the editors-in-chief. Keywords: article
• Requirements’ for the preparation of the article by Kazlauskas, Stasys (2014) - Here are some basic reference forms (journal article; working papers; book; book chapter; the internet address). Requirements for the preparation of an electronic form of an article to European Integration Studies ISSN 1822–8402 European Integration Studies (Times New Roman, 11 pt, Bold) >12 pt Title (Times New Roman, CAPS LOCK, 12 pt, Bold) >12 pt Name Surname (Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold) >12 pt Name of author’s university, country (Times New Roman, 10 pt, Italic) e-mail: ???? Keywords: article; new

• The Compliance of Lithuanian Environmental NGO’s Objectives with European Green Deal by Šatienė, Vilija (2023) - The main tasks of this article were to identify the main goals and initiatives of the European Green Deal, to perform a content analysis of Lithuanian environmental NGOs and their activity goals and present conclusions. 165 European Integrat ion Studies 2023/17 The Compliance of Lithuanian Environmental NGO’s Objectives with European Green Deal https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34002 European Integration Studies No. 17 / 2023, pp. 165-173 doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34002 Submitted 04/2023 Accepted for publication 06/2023 The Compliance of Lithuanian Environmental NGO’s Objectives with European Green Deal EIS 17/2023 Abstract Vilija Šatienė Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania Introduction European Commission in 2019 has developed an ambitious strategy for sustainable economic growth - the European Green Deal. Keywords: deal; engos; environmental; european; goals; green; green deal; lithuanian; objectives; organizations

• INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER PRICING AND THE EU CODE OF CONDUCT by Buter, Clemens (2011) - No country can allow its tax base to suffer because of international transfer pricing. This article describes economic implications of international transfer pricing. Keywords: arm; length; pricing; tax; transfer; transfer pricing

• VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN GERMANY AND IMMIGRANTS: A MEDIATIZED POLITICAL COMMUNICATION? by Varghese, Titty; Sarkute, Ligita (2017) - November 15, 2016 Dutch citizen who was an asylum home manager arrested over rape of refugee women 8. December 8, 2016 Syrian born political scientist says migrant see German women as ‘fair game’ to be raped 25. Keywords: asylum; crimes; european; february; germany; immigrants; incidences; media; news; rape; refugee; violence; women

• FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE MANAGEMENT IN THE EUROZONE AND THE GLOBAL INTEREST RATES by Mlodkowski, Pawel (2011) - Keywords: foreign exchange reserves, global interest rates, yield curve, monetary policy, ECB. Aside from this fact, the other reason was departure from maintaining foreign exchange reserves in a form of monetary gold (due to high costs) at the end of XXth century. Keywords: assets; central; ecb; european; exchange; exchange reserves; interest; monetary; rates; reserves

• DEVELOPMENT OF FARM STRUCTURE IMPACTED BY THE AGRICULTURAL REFORM IN LATGALE REGION by Author (2010) - Structure of Latgale farms forming production Capacity Capacity of agricultural production is formed by an aggregate of several factors and preconditions, it may be characterised by different indicators. Academician Oļģerts Krastiņš (2001) renders data, according to which in 1935, following the third land reform, there were more than 44 thousand very small farms in Latvia with the owned land area less than 1 hectare and the proportion of small farms of 1-20 hectares of land exceeding 56.7% of the total number. Keywords: agrarian; emu; farms; land; latgale; reform; table

• Editorial by Daugėlienė, Rasa (2017) - Prof. Dr. JURGITA BRUNECKIENĖ, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, jurgita.bruneckiene@ktu.lt Dr. RICHARD CADDELL, Utrecht University, Netherlands, j.r.caddell@uu.nl Prof. MARTIN DANGERFIELD, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, M.Dangerfield@wlv.ac.uk Assoc. Prof. Dr. JOLITA SINKIENĖ, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, jolita.sinkiene@ktu.lt Prof. BIRUTA SLOKA, University of Latvia, Latvia, biruta.sloka@lu.lvProf. Keywords: assoc; prof; university
• Editorial by Daugėlienė, Rasa (2018) - Prof. Dr. JURGITA BRUNECKIENĖ, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, jurgita.bruneckiene@ktu.lt Dr. RICHARD CADDELL, Utrecht University, Netherlands, j.r.caddell@uu.nl Prof. MARTIN DANGERFIELD, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, M.Dangerfield@wlv.ac.uk Assoc. Prof. Dr. JOLITA SINKIENĖ, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, jolita.sinkiene@ktu.lt Prof. BIRUTA SLOKA, University of Latvia, Latvia, biruta.sloka@lu.lvProf. Keywords: assoc; prof; university

• Reikalavimai straipsnio parengimui by test, test test (2011) - Straipsnis rašomas tik angliškai šia tvarka: Straipsnio pavadinimas; Pilnas autoriaus vardas, pavardė; Darbovietė ir jos adresas, el. paštas; Straipsnio anotacija originalo kalba (apie 3000 spaudos ženklų); Po anotacijos pateikti (ne mažiau 5) raktažodžius anglų kalba; Įvadas (nurodant straipsnio mokslinę problemą, naujumą, tikslą, objektą, tyrimo metodus); Tekstas; Išvados; Literatūra; Rekomenduojama sumaketuoti pagal žemiau nurodytus reikalavimus straipsnio apimtis – 6-7 psl. Reikalavimai straipsnio maketavimui ISSN 1822 - 8402 (Times New Roman, 10 pt Bold, Italic) > 14 pt Straipsnio pavadinimas (Times New Roman, 14 pt, Bold) > 14 pt Vardas, Pavardė (Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold) Keywords: new; roman; straipsnio

• Idea Management System Application Type Impact on Idea Quantity by Mikelsone, Elina; Spilbergs, Aivars; Volkova, Tatjana; Liela, Elita; Frisfelds, Janis (2020) - 0 50 100 150 200 1-10 11-100 101-1000 1001-5000 5001-10000 >10000 Active IMS Pasive IMS Internal IMS External IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Active IMS Pasive IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS External IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 External IMS Mixed IMS Source: created by author’s Figure 3 Respondents frequency distribution for idea quantity based on sample data 199 European Integrat ion Studies 2020/14 The standard deviation of grouped data is calculated as follows: for the unknown parameter, the process is called point estimation. As sample sizes un standard deviations differs, the test statistics are calculated as follows, (Moore et al. 2016): 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Active IMS Pasive IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS External IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 External IMS Mixed IMS 201 European Integrat ion Studies 2020/14 0 50 100 150 200 1-10 11-100 101-1000 1001-5000 5001-10000 >10000 Active IMS Pasive IMS Internal IMS External IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Active IMS Pasive IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS External IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 External IMS Mixed IMS Figure 8 Respondents frequency distribution for idea quantity based on sample data 0 50 100 150 200 1-10 11-100 101-1000 1001-5000 5001-10000 >10000 Active IMS Pasive IMS Internal IMS External IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Active IMS Pasive IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS External IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Internal IMS Mixed IMS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 External IMS Mixed IMS Source: created by author’s As sample sizes un standard deviations differs, the test statistics are calculated as follows, (Moore et al. 2016): 𝑡𝑡 = �̅� � �̅� ��� � �� � ��� �� (9) where �̅�𝑥� and �̅�𝑥� means of comparable sample variables, 𝑠𝑠�� and 𝑠𝑠�� variance (standard deviation squared) of comparable samples variables, 𝑛𝑛� and 𝑛𝑛� sample sizes of comparable samples and compared with t-statistics critical values 𝑡𝑡�,�, where degrees of freedom (𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) for the t-test statistics are calculated as follows: 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ���� � �� � � ��� � �� �� � ��� � ��� � ������ � � ��� ��� � ������ (10) Keywords: ims; ̅ �; ∆ �; − �; ∗ �; � frequency; � ith; � sample; � value; � ̅; � ∑; � −; � ∗; � ≤; � �; � 𝑥; 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀; 𝑛𝑛 �; 𝑠𝑠 �; 𝑡𝑡 �

• Review on the second edition of the Attilio Stajano book RESEARCH, QUALITY, COMPETITIVENESS: European Union Technology Policy for the Knowledge Society by Krisciunas, Kestutis (2008) - No 2 REVIEW on the second edition of the Attilio Stajano book RESEARCH, QUALITY, COMPETITIVENESS: European Union Technology Policy for the Knowledge Society Springer, 2008 In contemporary stage of European integration the topic of the book comes “just in time”. The vision of European Institute of technology is described. Keywords: book; european

• Impact of Intellectual Capital Efficiency on Growth Rate and Profitability of a Company: NASDAQ Baltic Case by Titova, Nellija; Sloka, Biruta (2022) - Intellectual capital as serious research item was recognised only in the beginning of eighties last century as in the most recognised database SCOPUS there started to be indexed scientific papers on intellectual capital: in 1981 – 1 paper; in 1984 – 3 papers. Intellectual capital performance in the case of Romanian public companies. Keywords: + 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃; 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶; 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻; 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼; 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸; 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸; 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶; 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿; 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇1; 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃1; 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶; 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶; 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶; 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃; 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-24