id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
bam-13956	Dowling, Paul; Negroni, Elisa; Trollet, Capucine; Zweyer, Margit; Swandulla, Dieter; Ohlendieck, Kay	Serum protein biomarker signature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy	2025	12	.pdf	application/pdf	8155	478	44	The active or passive shedding of muscle proteins can be linked to strenuous physical exercise, traumatic injury, work-related musculos- keletal damage, sepsis, drug abuse, excessive alcohol con- sumption, certain medications, co-morbidities of the neuromuscular system during systemic disease or primary muscular disorders.14-18 It is therefore critical to identify DMD disease-specific serum biomarkers that exhibit only a limited overlap with other neuromuscular disorders or activity-dependent changes. Skeletal muscle damage markers General markers of muscle injury In clinical medicine, occupational health and sports physi- ology, serum markers of skeletal muscle damage are rou- tinely used to assess the degree of myofibre injury.13-18 One of the most extreme forms of muscle disintegration is rhab- domyolysis,33 a condition that is characterized by the mas- sive release of muscle proteins and electrolytes often causing harmful downstream effects on kidney, lung and heart function.18 Frequently used skeletal muscle damage markers include creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MB), as- partate transaminase (AST) and glycolysis-associated enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).16 Figure 2 gives an overview of general skeletal muscle pro- tein biomarkers released into the circulatory system fol- lowing myofibre damage16-18, as observed in DMD,10 and - 207 - Serum protein biomarker signature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Eur J Transl Myol 35 (2) 13956, 2025 doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13956 associated complications, such as myofibrosis.34 The ma- jority of the listed marker proteins are currently only used for research purposes.	cache/bam-13956.pdf	txt/bam-13956.txt