id author title date pages extension mime words sentence flesch summary cache txt bam-5904 Editors, The Abstracts of the 2016 Spring Padua Muscle Days: Muscle decline in aging and neuromuscular disorders - Mechanisms and countermeasures | Terme Euganee, Padua, Italy, April 13-16, 2016 2016 25 .pdf application/pdf 26110 1105 39 Tutorial and get-‐together, H Kern, U Carraro, Chairs Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of Aging Muscle Helmut Kern Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital Wien, Austria Italy E-‐mail: wil.pys.kern-‐forschung@wienkav.at Physical exercise is known to have beneficial effects on muscle trophism and force production modulating signaling pathways involved in fiber type plasticity, muscle growth and mitochondria respiratory efficiency.1 It has been shown that the decrease of muscle mass and strength observed in aging is linked to intracellular and extracellular abnormalities, that is, sarcoplasmic reticulum-‐to-‐ mitochondria malfunctions and extracellular matrix metabolism, respectively.2 Lifelong, high-‐level physical activity delays the medium and long term effects of aging.3 Furthermore, when healthy seniors are exposed to regular neuromuscular Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) training for a period of 9 weeks outcomes are an increase in muscle strength and muscle fiber size and, most importantly, an increase of fast fibers, the more powerful of skeletal muscle motor units.4 Electron microscopy analysis of aging muscle show remodeling of mitochondrial apparatus as a consequence of fusion phenomena that are consistent with adaptation to physical exercise.5 Remarkably, the phenotype observed in the iMSBmal1-‐/-‐ mice was not limited to changes in muscle. cache/bam-5904.pdf txt/bam-5904.txt