European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 1 - Program with last minute abstracts of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 27 February – 2 March, 2024 (2024Pdm3) Sandra Zampieri (1,2,3,4), Ines Bersch (5), Piera Smeriglio (6), Elena Barbieri (7), Simona Boncompagni (8,9), Maria Chiara Maccarone (10), Ugo Carraro (2,3,4) (1) Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (4) Armando Carraro & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy; (5) Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland; International FES Centre®, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland; (6) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; (7) Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy; (8) Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; (9) Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; (10) Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Abstract During the 2023 Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine the 2024 meeting was scheduled from 28 February to 2 March 2024 (2024Pdm3). During autumn 2023 the program was expanded with Scientific Sessions which will take place over five days (in 2024 this includes February 29), starting from the afternoon of 27 February 2024 in the Conference Rooms of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. As per consolidated tradition, the second day will take place in Padua, for the occasion in the Sala San Luca of the Monastery of Santa Giustina in Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. Confirming the attractiveness of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, over 100 titles were accepted until 15 December 2023 (many more than expected), forcing the organization of parallel sessions on both 1 and 2 March 2024. The five days will include lectures and oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK and USA. Only Australia, China, India and Japan are missing from this edition. But we are confident that authors from those countries who publish articles in the PAGEpress: European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM: 2022 ESCI Clarivate's Impact Factor: 2.2; SCOPUS Cite Score: 3.2) will decide to join us in the coming years. Together with the program established by 31 January 2024, the abstracts will circulate during the meeting only in the electronic version of the EJTM Issue 34 (1) 2024. See you soon in person at the Hotel Petrarca in Montegrotto Terme, Padua, for the inauguration scheduled the afternoon of 27 February 2024 or on-line for free via Zoom. Send us your email address if you are not traditional participants listed in Pdm3 and EJTM address books. Key Words: Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine; Pdm3 program and abstracts; European Journal of Translational Myology; PAGEpress; Italy. Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 The Padua Muscle Days (PMDs), an international meeting on biology, anathomy, physiology, managements and rehabilitation of striated muscles, started in 1985 as the First Abano Terme Meeting on Rehabilitation (Padua, Italy), especially to provide advice on Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine. Always the interest was on implementing basic research and clinical trials to prevent, manage and rehabilitate young adults and elderly persons suffering from mobility disorders, which may be secondary, in addition to European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 2 - neuromuscular disorders, to diseases of the heart, lungs, liver, metabolism, endocrine tissues, brain and more. During the 2023 Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine (Pdm3, the new nickname of the series) and then in summer and autumn of 2023 the 2024Pdm3 was planned to be held from February 27 to March 2, 2023, that is for five days, because 2024 will include February 29. The success of the registrations and the maintenance of the traditional plan of oral presentations only (in person - the vast majority - or via Zoom), i.e. without poster presentations, forced the organizers to extend the program to five days and to add parallel sessions. The Scientific Program will start the afternoon of February 27, 2024 with the Opening and the Session I dedicated to Electrical Stimulation in Muscle Disorders (Ines Bersch and Winfried Mayr, Chairs) in the Conference Hall Paradise of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. After opening greetings from the Rectorate of the University of Padova, Padua, Italy, the introductory words of Stefano Schiaffino, University of Padova, Padua, Italy will start Session I and the Lecture of Charlotte Suetta, University of Copenhagen, Denmark: Effects of bed rest and immobilisation in young and old individuals – NMES as a potential countermeasure. A long afternoon of Oral Presentations will be closed with Practical Activities I: DDM-FES and NMES of Muscles (Ines Bersch, Helmut Kern, Chairs) and the Conclusive remarks of Winfried Mayr, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. As usual, the second day of the 2024Pdm3 will be spent in Padua at the San Luca Hall of the Monastero di Santa Giustina near Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. It is worth to mention that San Luca is the patron of medical activity and we will be near to the first major church of Padua dedicated to Santa Giustina, just sud-west of the Prato della Valle, the biggest square in Europe and possibly of the world. It will be an exciting day with Session II on “Sarcomeric Muscles regeneration and managements” (Piera Smeriglio, Massimo Ganassi, Chairs) in the morning and in the afternoon Session III-a “Senescence and Rejuvenation of Sarcomeric Muscles” (Kate Kosmac, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Chairs) and Session III-b: Rejuvenation of Sarcomeric Muscles: Molecular approaches (Sestina Falcone, Russel Hepple, Chairs). The Lecture of H. Lee Sweeney, University of Florida, FL, USA: “Progress toward designing a micro- dystrophin to rescue all striated muscles” will open the scientific sessions, while the Lecture of Gillian Butler- Browne, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France: Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) and muscle aging, will close an exciting day. February 29, 2024 will be dedicated in the Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy to Session IV-a dedicated to the impact on human physiological systems of inactivity (Marco Narici, Rado Pisot, Gianni Biolo, Chairs); Session IVb to responses to retraining following bed-rest (Marco Narici, Bostjan Simunič, Chairs) and session V to the impact of activity on human behaviors (Daniela Tavian, Roger Coletti, Chairs). The lecture of Roger Coletti Interventional Health, PA, USA: “Etiology, identification and treatment of chronic muscle spasm and resultant chronic pain with the CMECD® procedure” will open the session VI of February 29, 2024 dedicated to Myo Pain (James R. Fricton, Lucrezia Tognolo, Chairs). Friday March 1 and 2 the program will be split in two parallel sessions to he held in the Conference Hall Paradise and in the Conference Room Grazia of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy. In the latter, thanks to the initiative of a young dentistry surgeon, Riccardo Rosati of the Milan University (Italy) the March 1, 2024 international Speakers will fill the Program of Session VII -B: Muscle Rehabilitation in Dentistry, while the day after (Saturday March 2, 2024) a Masterclass chaired by Claudia Dellavia and Riccardo Rosati on “Masticatory muscles function maintenance and restoration in daily dentistry” will be dedicated with a practical approach to discussions with Italian practitioner. Meantime in the Conference Hall Paradise, of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy, Friday March 1, 2024 the Session VII -A: Hyaluronans and glycosylated proteins in mobility disorders (Elena Barbieri, Carla Stecco, Chairs) will be open at 09: AM by the Lecture of Capucine Trollet, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France: Cellular actors and ECM components of human fibrosis in myopathies. In the afternoon, the Session VIII: Functional studies from muscle fibers to muscle in situ (Simona Boncompagni, Carlo Reggiani, Chairs) will be open by the Lecture of Feliciano Protasi, University of Chieti, Italy: “Remodeling of intracellular organelles during exercise: muscle strategies to reduce muscle fatigue”. After a coffee break, it will follow the Session IX: Digital health and muscle imaging in Mobility Medicine (Paolo Gargiulo, Ugo Carraro, Chairs). The Lectures of Paolo Gargiulo with his young follow Riccardo Forni, University of Rejkyavik, Iceland: “Advancing assessment and diagnostic with the use of virtual histology and 3D techniques” and the Lecture of Simona Boncompagni, University of Chieti, Italy: Calcium Entry Units (CEUs): dynamic intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle fiber” will open and close Session IX. Saturday March 2, 2024 the morning Session X: LBI workshop on muscle rehabilitation (Sandra Zampieri, Feliciano Protasi, Chairs) will offer a fresh rappresentation of the actual research activities of traditional players of the Padua Muscle Days: The Vienna Group founded and still lead by Helmut Kern with the help of ex-young and very young collaborators. Finally, in the afternoon Practical Activities III: Underwather physiotherapy and Home Full-Body in Bed-Gym, (Helmut Kern, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Chairs) and the Session XI: World Federation of Hydrotherapy (FEMTEC) (Elena P. Ivanova, Stefano European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 3 - Masiero, Chairs) will present a program inspired to our 2024Pdm3 Conference Site: The 3000-year-long tradition of warm waters and mud treatments of neuromuscular and ostheoarticular disorders and pain in the Thermae of Euganean Hill, Padua, Italy. The five days include oral presentations of senior and junior scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK, and USA. Together with the Program at January 15, 2024, a Collection of Early and Last minute Submitted Abstracts is e-published in this Issue 34 (1) 2024 of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM). In the following Collection there are some empty Abstracts (only names and affiliations of authors). A few of them are just unsubmitted abstracts from high-level speakers invited by long-term PMD Friends who don't bother publishing conference abstracts, but meanwhile underestimate their value to educate young readers. Most have been decisions of speakers not willing to publish in this Issue their original results deserving full articles in prestigious journals. We found the latter strong evidence of relevance of 2024Pdm3 that is attracting speakers and presentations with original results from top labs studying muscle and mobility medicine, but we apologize to the readers for having decided to keep those speakers in the Program of the 2024Pdm3. It is a pity that several speakers do not understand the value for young participants, not of their possible original results, but of the short list of references that the kinder authors added to their abstracts. Unfortuately, the understanding of sharing complete knowledge including results as well as references differes in senior authors. We all might keep in mind the importance of educating face-to-face the next generation. During the 2024Pdm3 we will discuss whether or not to deny presentations for the next 2025Pdm3 to those authors who do not accept two simple rules: 1. printing their abstracts in Ejtm 2025 and 2. allow the live online circulation of their Oral Presentations. Let's hope 2025Pdm3 lasts just three relaxing days. Let's hope Pdm3 2025 lasts just three relaxing days. In any case we are sure that 2024Pdm3 and 2025Pdm3will be even more successful than the successful events of the last years.1-7 List of acronyms EJTM - European Journal of Translational Myology Pdm3 - Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine PMD – Padua Muscle Days Acknowledgments The authors thank Organizers, Chairs, Lecturers, Speakers and Attendees for their scientific and personal financial contributions to the organization and success of the 2024Pdm3. The Figure at the and of the Program depicts the Patrons and the (few) Sponsors, but we must highlight the three most generous. The Myology Institute at the University of Florida, Ganeisville, FL, USA, directed by H. Lee Sweeney, whose generous donation allowed all lecturers and speakers who had to cover costs of transatlantic flights to be exempt from registration fees. The Gastaldello Family of Hotel Petrarca, Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy for a generous donation to the Armando & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy and for the low costs of rooms and services necessary to organize the 2024Pdm3 sessions at the Hotel Petrarca. Special thanks to Teresa Carrara, the managing editor of Ejtm, and to her colleagues of PAGEpress Publications, via A. Cavagna Sangiuliani 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Hotel Petrarca, Gastaldello Family Montegrotto Terme, Padova, Italy 2022 ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2. Five-year I F 2 1 European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 4 - Funding The 2024Pdm3 are supported by the University of Florida Myology Institute and Wellstone Center, Gainesville, FL, USA. The Physiko- & Rheuma-therapie, Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Pölten, Austria, Centre of Active Aging—Competence Centre for Health, Prevention and Active Aging, St. Pölten, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria also contributed to cover costs. E-publishing of this typescript was supported by the Armando & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Galleria Duomo 5, 35141 Padua, Italy. Conflict of Interest The authors disclose no conflicts of research interest. Ethical Publication Statement We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines. Corresponding Author Sandra Zampieri, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology Sciences, Padova University Hospital, Padua, Italy. ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6070-0011 Email: sanzamp@unipd.it Emails of Coauthors Ines Bersch: ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch ORCID ìD: 0000-0001-5519-5893 Piera Smeriglio: p.smeriglio@institut-myologie.org ORCID ìD: 0000-0002-3430-6839 Elena Barbieri: elena.barbieri@uniurb.it ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3480-7983 Simona Boncompagni: s.boncompagni@unich.it ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5308-5069 Maria Chiara Maccarone: mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2793-1334 Ugo Carraro: ugo.carraro@unipd.it ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0924-4998 References 1. Zampieri S, Narici MV, Gargiulo P, Carraro U. Abstracts of the 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (2023Pdm3) to be held March 29 - April 1 at the Galileian Academy of Padua and at the Petrarca Hotel, Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Feb 10;33(1):11247. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11247. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36786151; PMCID: PMC10141763. 2. Sweeney HL, Masiero S, Carraro U. The 2022 On- site Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine hosts the University of Florida Institute of Myology and the Wellstone Center, March 30 - April 3, 2022 at the University of Padua and Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy: The collection of abstracts. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Mar 10;32(1):10440. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10440. PMID: 35272451; PMCID: PMC8992680. 3. Carraro U, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Translational research on Myology and Mobility Medicine: 2021 semi-virtual PDM3 from Thermae of Euganean Hills, May 26 - 29, 2021. Eur J Transl Myol. 2021 Mar 18;31(1):9743. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9743. PMID: 33733717; PMCID: PMC8056169. 4. Carraro U. 30 Years of Translational Mobility Medicine: 2020 Padua Muscle Days go virtual from Euganean Hills, November 19th to 21st. Eur J Transl Myol. 2020 Nov 17;30(4):9437. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9437. PMID: 33520146; PMCID: PMC7844408 5. Carraro U. Collection of the Abstracts of the 2019Sp PMD: Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine. Eur J Transl Myol. 2019 Mar 11;29(1):8155. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8155. PMID: 31019666; PMCID: PMC6460219. 6. Carraro U. Exciting perspectives for Translational Myology in the Abstracts of the 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays: Giovanni Salviati Memorial - Chapter I - Foreword. Eur J Transl Myol. 2018 Feb 20;28(1):7363. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7363. PMID: 29686822; PMCID: PMC5895991. 7. Carraro U. 2017Spring PaduaMuscleDays, roots and byproducts. Eur J Transl Myol. 2017 Jun 27;27(2):6810. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2017.6810. PMID: 28713538; PMCID: PMC5505085 8. Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Submitted: January 31, 2024 Accepted for publication: February 1, 2024 mailto:ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch mailto:p.smeriglio@institut-myologie.org mailto:elena.barbieri@uniurb.it mailto:s.boncompagni@unich.it mailto:mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 5 - Program of the 2024Pdm3 2024 Padua 5 Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine (2024Pdm3) February 27,28,29 and March 1,2, 2024 - Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua (Italy) Hotel Petrarca, Piazza Roma 23, Montegrotto Terme, Euganean Hills, (Padua), 35122 Italy Phone +39 049 891 1744 - Email: petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it - https://www.hotelpetrarca.it/ Organizers: Elena Barbieri, Ines Bersch-Porada, Ugo Carraro, Raffaele De Caro, James R. Fricton, Massimo Ganassi, Paolo Gargiulo, Elena P. Ivanova, Helmut Kern, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Alessandro Martini, Stefano Masiero, Marco V. Narici, Philippe Perrin, Riccardo Rosati, Marco Sandri, Piera Smeriglio, Carla Stecco, H. Lee Sweeney, Daniela Tavian, Sandra Zampieri TUESDAY February 27, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 03:00 PM Opening: Antonio Paoli, Greetings from the University of Padua 03:15 PM SESSION I: FES management of diseased muscle, Ines Bersch, Winfried Mayr, Chairs 03:15 PM Stefano Schiaffino: Introductory words for Charlotte Suetta’s Lecture 03:30 PM Lecture of Charlotte Suetta, University of Copenhagen, DK: Effects of bed rest and immobilisation in young and old individuals – NMES as a potential countermeasure 04:10 PM Muscular dystrophies – case series from a clinical point of view with FES, Ines Bersch-Porada, Marie Alberty, International FES Centre®, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Switzerland 04:30 PM Surface Electrostimulation stops Denervated Muscle Atrophy in Facial Paralysis, Johannes Krauss, Gerd Fabian Volk, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Germany 04:50 PM Coffee Break 05:00 PM Paired stimulation for denervated muscle in persons with SCI: A Proposed Study, Ashraf Gorgey, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA (ZOOM) 05:20 PM Perspectives of over 20 years of FES to treat equine muscle spasms and the potential crossover into humans, Sheila Schils, EquiNew, River Falls, Wisconsin, USA (ZOOM) 05:40 PM Towards patient-controlled skeletal muscle pacemaker for SCIs, Mohamed Abbas, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt (ZOOM) 06:00 PM Practical Activities I: NMES and DDM-FES of muscles, Ines Bersch, Helmut Kern, Chairs 06:00 PM Electric stimulation for Bell’s palsy, Myriam Loyo, Michelle Cameron, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA & Antonio Di Pietro, Department of Biophysics, Universidad of Córdoba, Argentina (ZOOM) 06:30 PM FES for Denervated Degenerating Human Muscles (FES x DDM): twenty years of experience from 2003 to 2023, Ugo Carraro, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy and Helmut Kern, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 07:00 PM Conclusive remarks, Winfried Mayr, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria 07:30 PM A glass of Prosecco before dinner Italian Easy Aging - A&C Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology CIR-MYOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PADUA, ITALY https://www.hotelpetrarca.it/ European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 6 - WEDNESDAY February 28, 2024 San Luca Hall, Santa Giustina Monastery, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy REACHABLE FROM VIA GIUSEPPE FERRARI 2, 35123 - Padua, Italy 08:00 AM Complimentary Bus from Hotel Petrarca to Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy 08:40 AM SESSION II: Sarcomeric Muscles: development, regeneration, treatments, Piera Smeriglio, Massimo Ganassi, Chairs 08:40 AM Lecture of H. Lee Sweeney, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Progress toward designing a micro-dystrophin to rescue all striated muscles 09:20 AM Skeletal muscle response after treatment in spinal muscular atrophy, Piera Smeriglio, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France 09:40 AM Satellite Cell-opathies and where to find them, Massimo Ganassi, King’s College London, UK 10:00 AM Cancer cachexia and precision medicine, Marco Sandri, DBS, University of Padua, Italy 10:20 AM Mitochondria network dynamics in human cancer cachexia, Sandra Zampieri, DiSCOG, Univerisity of Padua, Italy 10:40 AM Neuromuscular coordination: from birth to adulthood, Francesco Lacquaniti, University of Rome II, Italy 11:00 AM Open Coffee 11:00 AM Advancing assessment and diagnostic with the use of virtual histology and 3D techniques, Paolo Gargiulo, University of Rejkyavik, Iceland 11:20 AM Motor unit alteration following MBNL functional loss in myotonic dystrophy, Denis Furling, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France 11:40 AM Unraveling the Effects of Time Restricted Eating on Inflammation and Related Biological Processes, Steve Anton, Dept. of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, and Dept of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA 12:00 AM IGF-I from fibroadipogenic progenitors is a critical modulator of muscle regeneration, Elisabeth Barton, University of Florida, FL, USA 12:20 AM Lunch: “Veganda”, via Cavazzana 1, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy 02.00 PM SESSION III-a: Senescence & Rejuvenation of Sarcomeric Muscles, Kate Kosmac, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Chairs 02:00 PM Immunomodulation of skeletal muscle regeneration: muscle macrophages and beyond, Kate Kosmac, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA 02:20 PM Updates on Clinical Trials Boosting NAD+ levels by Supplementation of NR or NMN to promote Rejuvenation, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 02:40 PM Mediators of youthfulness in skeletal muscle, Kevin Murach, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 03:00 PM GDF5-based therapeutic approach to counteract age-related muscle wasting, Sestina Falcone, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France 03:20 PM Proteomic profiling of fibre type shifting in aged skeletal muscles, Kay Ohlendieck, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland 03:40 PM Circadian Catecholamine Sensitivity: Does Time Matter? Ken Dyar, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, Germany 04:00 PM Open Coffee European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 7 - WEDNESDAY February 28, 2024 San Luca Hall, Santa Giustina Basilica, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy REACHABLE FROM VIA GIUSEPPE FERRARI 2, 35123 - Padua, Italy 04.00 PM SESSION III-b: Rejuvenation of Sarcomeric Muscles: Molecular approaches, Sestina Falcone, Russel Hepple, Chairs 04:00 PM Contractile activity and mitochondrial transplantation rescue lysosomal and mitochondrial homeostasis in muscle cells, David Hood, York University, Canada, Canada 04:20 PM Role of mitochondrial permeability transition in driving skeletal muscle pathology in aging and disease, Russel Hepple, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 04:40 PM Exercise rescues the negative effects of head-down tilt bed rest on muscle and mitochondrial health in older adults, Gilles Gouspillou, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec at Montréal, Quebec, Canada 05:00 PM Mitochondrial stress response in muscular dystrophy and cancer cachexia, Christopher Perry, School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, York University, ON , Canada, 05:20 PM The role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in skeletal muscle in health and disease, Agnese De Mario, DBS, University of Padua, Italy, 05:40 PM The energetic expense of inflammation: implications for muscle health, Sarah White-Springer, Texas A&M University and AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA 06:00 PM Comparison of two 3D myogenesis models in a chip systems for LGMD D2 transportin 3 related, Edoardo Malfatti, et.al., Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955, IMRB, Créteil, France 06:20 PM Lecture of Gillian Butler-Browne, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) and muscle aging 07:00 PM Complimentary Bus from Prato della Valle, Padua to Hotel Petrarca, Montegrotto Terme (Padua,) Italy 07:30 Dinner in Hotel Petrarca European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 8 - THURSDAY FEBRUARY 29, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 08:30 AM SESSION IV-a: Impact of inactivity on human physiological systems, Marco Narici, Rado Pisot, Gianni Biolo, Chairs 08:30 AM Simulating weightlessness with inactivity models on Earth: research experience of the Bedrest Centre in Koper, Rado Pišot, et al., Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia 08:50 AM Neuromuscular impairment with chronic inactivity, Marco Narici, et al., Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 09:10 AM Mononuclear resident cells and skeletal muscle homeostasis in disuse: an overview, Roberto Bottinelli, et al., Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia, Italy 09:30 AM Skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism following disuse/microgravity: where are the bottlenecks? Bruno Grassi, Giovanni Baldassarre, Lucrezia Zuccarelli, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy 09:50 AM Muscle sparing effect of high-protein diet with excess leucine in short-term bed rest, Gianni Biolo, et al., Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, Italy 10:10 AM Open Coffee 10:20 AM Physical inactivity and mitochondria. Challenging the paradigm, Marta Murgia, et al., DBS, University of Padua, Italy and Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany 10:40 AM Sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to submaximal [ADP] after bed rest: a new approach based upon different mitochondrial populations, Lucrezia Zuccarelli, et al., Department of Medicine, University, of Udine, Udine, Italy 11:00 AM Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Junction Alterations with Chronic Inactivity in Humans, Evgeniia Motanova, et al., Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 11:20 AM Motor unit properties alterations with chronic inactivity in young and older humans, Fabio Sarto, et al., Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 11:40 AM Sensorimotor adaptations during bed rest: insights from high-density electroencephalography, Uros Marusic, et al., Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia 11:50 AM Effect of prolonged bed rest on brain functional connectivity measured with high-density electroencephalography, Marco Marino, et al., Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 12.00 AM The relevance of Tensiomyographic results in disuse studies, Bostjan Simunič, et al., Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia 12:20 PM SESSION IV-b: Impact of inactivity on human physiological systems: Physiological responses to retraining following inactivity. Bostjan Simunič, Marco Narici, Chairs 12:20 PM Previous muscle disuse influences the physiological adaptations to exercise recovery, Martino Franchi, et al., Human Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy 12:40 AM Effects of disuse and retraining on oxygen diffusion and oxidative capacity at skeletal muscle level, Simone Porcelli, et al., Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia, Italy 01:00 PM Neuromodulatory contribution to lower limb muscle force production after short-term unloading and active recovery, Giovanni Martino, et al., Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 01:20 PM Lunch European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 9 - THURSDAY FEBRUARY 29, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 02:30 PM SESSION V: Impact of activity on human behaviors, Daniela Tavian, Roger Coletti, Chairs 02:30 PM Ketogenic diet, health and exercise, Antonio Paoli, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 03:00 PM Optimizing home Full-Body in Bed-Gym, Maria Chiara Maccarone, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 03:20 PM Cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular adaptations induced by strength training and low-volume, high- intensity aerobic training in untrained young people, Paulo Gentil, College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil 03:35 PM Effects of high intensity vs. continuous interval training on cardiac autonomic modulation of hypertensive women, Paulo Gentil, College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil 03:50 PM βeta-endorphin induction following acute physical exercise in young and middle-aged adults, Ester Tommasini, et al., UCSC, Milan, Italy 04:05 PM Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor production in response to strenuous incremental exercise across adulthood, Luigi Marano, et al., UCSC, Milan, Italy 04:20 PM Open Coffee 04:20 PM SESSION VI: Myo Pain, James R. Fricton, Lucrezia Tognolo, Chairs 04:20 PM Lecture of Roger Coletti, Interventional Health, PA, USA: Etiology, identification and treatment of chronic muscle spasm and resultant chronic pain with the CMECD® procedure 05:00 PM Predicting development of musculoskeletal pain, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark 05.30 PM Transformative care for myopain: Integrating training with treatment to improve long-Term outcomes, James Fricton, Minnesota Head and Neck Pain Clinic, University of Minnesota, USA (ZOOM) 06:00 PM The role of external-focus exercise & exergaming in pain management, Jan Dommerholt, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 06:20 PM Anti-pain rehabilitation management of muscle injuries, Lucrezia Tognolo, et al. Rehabilitation Unit of DNS, University of Padua & General Hospital, Padua, Italy 06:40 PM New frontiers in the treatment of pain in acute plantar fasciitis: Ozoile-soaked taping, Giuseppe Secolo et al., Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, Galati, Romania 07:00 PM Perspectives of over 20 years of FES to treat equine muscle spasms and the potential crossover into humans, Sheila Schils, EquiNew, River Falls, Wisconsin, USA 07:30 PM Dinner European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 10 - FRIDAY March 1, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 09:00 AM SESSION VII: Hyaluronans and glycosylated proteins in mobility disorders, Elena Barbieri, Carla Stecco, Chairs 09:00 AM Lecture of Capucine Trollet, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France: Cellular actors and ECM components of human fibrosis in myopathies 09:40 AM Hyaluronan and aging, Carla Stecco, DNS, University of Padua, Italy 10:00 AM How denervation influences the fascia, HA Xiaoxiao Zhao, DNS, University of Padua, Italy 10:20 AM Ultrasound evaluation of the fascial gliding, Carmelo Pirri, DNS, University of Padua, Italy 10:40 AM Coffee Break 11:00 AM Hyaluronans and glycosylated proteins in mobility disorders: from research to clinical applications, Elena Barbieri and Giosuè Annibalini, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy 11:20 AM Hyaluronic acid-extracellular vesicles interactions: pathological and therapeutic implications in osteoarthritis, Piero Sestili, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy 11:40 AM Calcium crystal and glycosaminoglycan in the synovial fluid of patients with femoroacetabular impingement: impact on joint mobility, Michela Battistelli, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy 12:00:AM Native extracellular matrix support human neuromuscular organoid morphogenesis and function, Anna Urciolo, et al., Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy 12:30 AM Lunch 02:00 PM SESSON VIII: Functional studies from muscle fibers to muscle in situ Simona Boncompagni, Carlo Reggiani, Chairs 02:00 PM Lecture of Feliciano Protasi, University of Chieti, Italy: Remodeling of intracellular organelles during exercise: muscle strategies to reduce muscle fatigue 02:40 PM Cytosolic Ca2+ gradients and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in resting muscle fibers: A model analysis, Lorenzo Marcucci, Antonio Michelucci, Carlo Reggiani, DSB, University of Padua, Italy 03:00 PM The role of Akt-mTORC1 signaling in regulating muscle mass and function, Bert Blaauw, et al., DSB, University of Padua, Italy 03:20 PM The ERG1A K+ Channel Lowers Expression of Calsequestrin 1 and Increases Intracellular Calcium in Skeletal Muscle, Amber Pond, Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University , School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA 03.40 PM Calcium Entry Units (CEUs): dynamic intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle fibers, Simona Boncompagni, University of Chieti, Italy 04.00 PM Open Coffee 04:00 PM Session IX: Digital health and Muscle imaging in Mobility Medicine Paolo Gargiulo, Ugo Carraro, Chairs 04:00 PM Lecture of Paolo Gargiulo and Riccardo Forni, University of Rejkyavik, Iceland New direction of medical imaging transformation 04:40 PM Redlan: an alternative method for analyzing electromyographic data in orthodontics, Lanfranco Vespertini, Bstat, DSc (Econ), Verona, Italy 05:00 PM ChatGPT in the development of medical questionnaires for low back pain, Daniele Coraci, et al., DNS, University of Padua, Italy 05:20 PM Neurophysiology and advanced imaging to investigate muscular morphology and function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Maria Chiare Maccarone et al., DNS, University of Padua, Italy 05:40 PM What we learned about sarcopenia and what Machine Learning reveals, Felicita Urzi, et al., DSB, University of Padua, Italy 06:00 PM Diagnostic and follow-up of muscle strains: New MRI approaches, Marco Quadrelli et al., Synlab Euganea Medica, Padova, Italy 06:20 PM MRI patterns of muscle denervation, Simone Perandini, Radi.cloud, Verona, Italy 06:40 PM Foot drop syndrome: neurophysiological and ultrasound approach in the evaluation of SPE deficit, Emanuele D’Andria, et al., Rehabilitation Unit of DNS, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 07:00 PM Impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on the surgical outcome of patients with esophagogastric cancer, Elisa Sefora Pierobon, et al., DiSCOG, University of Padua, Italy 07:30 PM Dinner European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 11 - FRIDAY March 1, 2024 Conference Hall Grazia, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 09:00 AM Welcome and thanks, Riccardo Rosati, Milan, Italy 09:10 AM SESSION X: Muscle Rehabilitation in Dentistry, Elena P. Ivanova, Riccardo Rosati, Chairs 09:10 AM How to diagnose temporomandibular disorders and the 10 key points in the temporomandibular practice, Matteo Val, University of Siena, Italy 09:40 AM The management of TMD based on multimodal therapy: the state of the art, Roberto Rongo, University of Naples Federico II, Italy 10:00 AM How and when joint surgical therapy is necessary, Luca Guarda-Nardini, University of Padua, Italy 10:20 AM How and when instrumental diagnostics of the masticatory muscles can tell us something more, Claudia Dellavia, University of Milan, Italy 10:40 AM Coffee break 11:00 AM Muscle evaluation as an orthodontic prognosis tool, Redento Peretta. Vicenza, Italy 11:20 AM Adaptation of the masticatory muscles to orthodontic treatment with aligners, Giacomo Begnoni, University of Leuven, Belgium 11:40 AM Children’s oro-facial muscular dysfunctions. Dangerous consequences on their oral and general health. Importance of their myofunctional treatment, Bedros Yavru-Sakuk, New York, USA 12:00 AM Lecture of Giorgio Fanò-Illic, Libera Università di Alcatraz, Gubbio (PG), Italy History and perspectives of translational myology 12:40 Lunch 02:00 PM SESSION XI: Muscle Rehabilitation in Dentistry Riccardo Rosati, Elena P. Ivanova, Chairs 02:00 PM Oral care for the patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation in systemic diseases, Elena P. Ivanova, et al., University of Moscow, Russia Federation 02:30 PM Orthopedic-orthodontic therapy of transverse expansion of the palate: is the adaptation of the masticatory muscles possible and in how long time? Francesca Ferrante, Beatrice Sfondrini, University of Pavia, Italy 02:45 PM How and when does the performance of the masticatory muscles change during the treatment of periodontitis? Gaia Pellegrini, University of Milan, Italy- 03:00 PM An interdisciplinary approach in the clinical and instrumental assessment of motor skills in athletes with disabilities, Elena Giannotti, Federico Ristoldo, HGP23, Italy 03:15 PM Speech therapy in the dental office, Claudia Ferreira, Logos Academy, Milan, Italy 03:30 PM Malocclusion and scoliosis what we know what we need to know, Sabina Saccomanno, Fabio Scoppa, Alessio Pirino, Giuseppe Messina, San Raffaele University, Rome Italy 03:45 PM Determination of the central position of the mandible in patients with myo- and arthro-pathies, Mariana Dimova-Gabrovska, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, of the Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria 04:00 PM Coffee Break European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 12 - FRIDAY March 1, 2024 Conference Hall Grazia, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 04:00 PM Practical Activities II 04:00 PM Masterclass, Claudia Dellavia, Riccardo Rosati, Chairs Masticatory muscles function maintenance and restoration in daily dentistry In 1998, with the foundation of the Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC) at the University of Milan, a dense research work about the function of the stomatognathic apparatus was born. Twentyfive years of rigorous application of the scientific method have led to the development of oral function measurement procedures, validated by several Universities through many scientific publications. A masterclass to understand the oral function measurement with Percentage Overlapping Coefficient (POC) processing and learn to translate functional information into reliable treatment plans for a quality daily clinic. 04:00 PM Instrumental recording of the function of the masticatory muscles: from the research laboratory to daily dentistry, Riccardo Rosati, Udine, Italy 05.30 AM Coordinated muscles as allies to increase the quality of daily dental rehabilitation, Piero Simeone, Rome, Italy 07.00 AM Questions and Answers 07:30 AM Closure _________________________________________________ Location Conference Hall Grazia, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy - www.hotelpetrarca.it Montegrotto Terme, Italy 1 March 2024 fee 200 euro on-site Official language: Italian translation available ECM under construction ___________________________________________________ To obtain details and subscription forms for Masterclass: riccardo@riccardorosati.eu 2024Pdm3 Registration and Accommodation: ugo.carraro@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 Payments to Hotel Petrarca: petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it Copyright © 2023 oral-myology.com - Tutti i diritti riservati. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it mailto:petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 13 - SATURDAY March 2, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 09:00 AM Session X: LBI workshop on muscle rehabilitation Sandra Zampieri, Feliciano Protasi, Chairs 09:00 AM Mimiking short-term immobility and early rehabilitation in an animal model, Feliciano Protasi, University of Chieti, Italy 09:30 AM Insights into muscle atrophy and sarcopenia: mechanisms and countermeasures, Antonio Musarò, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy 10:00 AM Determinants and predictors of muscle mass, function and mobility: cross sectional study in young and old muscles, Sandra Zampieri, DiSCOG, University of Padua, Italy 10:30 AM Water therapy: its place in rehabilitation and opportunities for optimisation, Nejc Sarabon, University of Primorska, Slovenia 11:00 AM Coffee break 11:20 AM Results of a new model of rehabilitative transitional care for geriatric patients, Vincent Grote, LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 11:40 AM Improved mentalizing is a protective factor against depressive symptoms and pain severity in patients with chronic rheumatic pain, David Riedl, LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 12:00 AM Is Isokinetic Dynamometry a useful assessment for physical function post- knee and hip arthroplasty? Ferdinand Prüfer, LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 12:10 AM Comparing rehabilitation programs using different types of outcome measures, Špela Matko, LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 12:20 AM Critical success factors in orthopedic rehabilitation - from the perspective of patients and doctors, Chiara Vetrano, LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 12.30 AM Lunch European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 14 - SATURDAY March 2, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 02:00 PM Practical Actitvities III: Underwather physiotherapy & Home Full-Body in Bed-Gym, Helmut Kern, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Chairs 02:00 PM Underwather physiotherapy after knee replacement, Helmut Kern, LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 02:40 PM Further optimizing Full-Body in Bed-Gym, Maria Chiara Maccarone, et al., University of Padova, Padua, Italy 03:20 PM Coffee break 03:40 PM SESSION XI: World Federation of Hydrotherapy (FEMTEC) Elena P. Ivanova, Stefano Masiero, Chairs 03:40 PM Lecture of Philippe Perrin & Marie-Catherine Tallot, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy & University of Lorraine, France, Balance control recovery by healing or by compensation in sensory and osteoarticular pathologies after hydrotherapy 04:20 PM Can optimized human home-based Full Body In-Bed Gym induce improvements in octuagenarian muscles? Functional and structural evidence. Daniele Coraci, et al., DNS, University of Padova, Padua, Italy, 04:40 PM Effect of intensive rehabilitation program in thermal water on a group of people with Parkinson’s Disease: a longitudinal study, Lucrezia Tognolo, DNS, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 05:00 PM Dynamic control of motor disorders in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, Kirill Terentev, University of Moscow, Russia 05:20 PM Asymmetry of the brain: an innovative test for left-handedness and leftness in neurorehabilitation, Igor Reverchuk et al., Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia 05:35 PM Mitochondrial disfunction, stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, Polina Reverchuk et al., Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia 05:50 PM Methodology for predicting the therapeutic effect of an area, Andrey Lobanov, University of Moscow, Russia 06:05 PM Additional pharmacological therapy for epilepsy with drugs unrelated to anticonvulsants, Georgiy Avakyan, University of Moscow, Russia 06:20 PM Personalized medical and psychological aspects of stress–related disorders in dental specialists, Sarkisov A.A., Reverchuk I.V., Zelensky V.A., Spitsyna A.V. 06:35 PM Conclusive remarks of Stefano Masiero, Rehabilitation Unit of DNS of the University of Padova, Padua, Italy 06:55 PM Ugo Carraro: Arrivederci, Auf Wiedersehen, Au revoir, Goodbye to the 2025Padua 4 Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, February 26 to March 1, 2025. Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy 07:00 PM Dinner European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 15 - SPONSORS Hotel Petrarca, Pastorello Family Montegrotto Terme (Padova), Italy A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 16 - PATRONS INTERDEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER OF MYOLOGY (CIR-MYO) DEPARTMENT of BIOLOGY (DB) DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (DSB) DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE (DNS) DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, ONCOLOGY, GASTROEROLOGY (DiSCOG) of the University of Padua, Italy European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 17 ABSTRACTS of the 2024Pdm3 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 1 Greetings from the University of Padua Antonio Paoli, University of Padua, Italy Email: antonio.paoli@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 2 Introductory words for Charlotte Suetta’s Lecture Stefano Schiaffino University of Padua, Italy Email: stefano,schiaffino@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 3 Lecture Effects of bed rest and immobilisation in young and old individuals – NMES as a potential countermeasure Charlotte Suetta, University of Copenhagen, DK Email: charlotte.suetta@regionh.dk Loss of muscle mass represents a common phenotypic trait associated with bed rest, hospitalization, and critical illness. The repeated cycles of disuse-induced atrophy, followed by incomplete muscle recovery, have been proposed as a significant contributor to the development of sarcopenia, which in turn increases the risk of morbidity, dependency, and mortality. Nevertheless, there is a limited body of research that has endeavored to elucidate the molecular regulators of muscle mass loss in older individuals following bed rest. Consequently, the mechanistic drivers remain unresolved, and aside from resistance exercise, there are currently no effective therapeutic strategies to mitigate muscle wasting and loss of function in hospitalized patients. While Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) may not be as effective as resistance exercise, it could serve as an alternative for patient populations that are critically ill and/or challenging to mobilize. This presentation will explore the influence of age on the effects of enforced bed rest and evaluate NMES as a potential countermeasure. Key words: bed rest; immobilization; young and old individuals; muscle atrophy countermeasures; NMES. References 1. Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Milanović Z, Situlin R, Mearelli F, Vinci P, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Biolo G. The Aging Muscle in Experimental Bed Rest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr. 2021 Aug 4;8:633987. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633987. eCollection 2021. PMID: 34422875 Free PMC article. 2. Marusic U, Narici M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Ritzmann R. Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Jul 1;131(1):194-206. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2020. Epub 2021 Mar 11. 3. Suetta C, Frandsen U, Jensen L, Jensen MM, Jespersen JG, Hvid LG, Bayer M, Petersson SJ, Schrøder HD, Andersen JL, Heinemeier KM, Aagaard P, Schjerling P, Kjaer M. Aging affects the transcriptional regulation of human skeletal muscle disuse atrophy. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051238. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PMID: 23284670. 4. Maffiuletti, N. A., Dirks, M. L., Stevens-Lapsley, J., & McNeil, C. J. (2023). Electrical stimulation for investigating and improving neuromuscular function in vivo: Historical perspective and major advances. Journal of Biomechanics, 152(April), 111582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111582. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 TUESDAY February 27, 2024 mailto:marco.narici@unipd.it mailto:charlotte.suetta@regionh.dk European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 18 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 4 Electrical stimulation in muscle dystrophy Ines Bersch (1), Susanne Opel (1), Marie Alberty (1,2,3) (1) International FES Centre®, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Switzerland; (2) Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; (3) Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Switzerland. Email: inesbersch@gmail.com Muscle dystrophies belong to genetic disorders causing muscle progressive weakness and muscle degeneration. The genetic mutation responsible for a lack or dysfunction of proteins, known as the glycoprotein complex, leads to muscle weakness followed by degeneration of the muscles altering at least into connective tissue and fat.1 The group of muscle dystrophies is various so that there are still other forms caused by expression of toxic gene products in muscle fibers. Hence the overarching term muscular dystrophy encompasses a range of subgroups including Duchenne, Becker, congenital, myotonic, Emery-Dreifuss, facioscapulohumeral, oculopharyngeal, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies and many more.1 Clinical symptoms may include beside muscle weakness and denervation atrophy, muscle contractures, respiratory problems as pulmonary infections, and in some forms as the myotonic dystrophy also impairment of the endocrine system.2 However, the overall prevalence including all types of muscle dystrophy ranges between 19.8 and 25.1 per 100.000 person a year.3 Since in muscle dystrophies also the lower motoneuron is affected, long pulse stimulation might be a treatment option to influence the progressive muscle wasting and degeneration.4 Clinical observation also shows hybrid forms in one and the same muscle group, where both an upper and lower motoneuron lesion occur. There is upcoming evidence that electrical stimulation could protect against dystrophin-associated-glycoprotein complex mutations.5 Nevertheless, to our knowledge there is no study up to date that describes the application and effects on long pulse stimulation and neuromuscular stimulation in terms of parameter choice, intensity, and volume of stimulation in humans with any form of muscle dystrophy. Therefore, the aim of our data analysis including clinical observation and experience in treating of five patients with long pulse electrical stimulation as well as neuromuscular electrical stimulation will be reported to provide a baseline for further investigation. A data analysis was conducted by reviewing the number of inpatients between 2020 and 2023 including length of hospitalization, gender, age and type of muscle dystrophy. In contrast, the number of patients with muscular dystrophy in 2023 who came as outpatients requesting treatment of their muscle weakness and atrophy with electrical stimulation was analyzed. In addition, these cases are described in detail how the stimulation schedule was performed and how stimulation, long pulse and neuromuscular electrical stimulation was administered (Figure). 37 people, 26 male 11 female, were hospitalized in mean 41.1 days ± 48.3 days. Mean age was 44.2 years ± 16.1 years. In 12 cases they were classified as myotonic dystrophy and the remaining 25 as muscle dystrophy not further specified. Five patients contacted the International FES Centre® directly on their own attempt to get an evaluation if the application of electrical stimulation might be meaningful in terms of reducing their muscular weakness and in one case to improve swallowing (Table). All five patients are currently under treatment with electrical stimulation one to two times a week. The treatment contains the stimulation in combination with functional exercises. The stimulation is conducted efferently and/or afferently. All patients report that their subjective well-being increased in terms of less fatiguability, better swallowing, and increased strength and endurance. The effect is neither long-lasting nor does it lead to a persistent improvement. In conclusion, electrical stimulation, including long- pulse stimulation as well as neuromuscular stimulation leads to a subjective reported short-term positive effect Illustration of different electrical stimulation applications in patients with muscle dystrophy Table. Demographics of five patients who received electrical stimulation. mailto:inesbersch@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 19 regarding fatiguability, function as swallowing, muscle strength and endurance. Whether continuous application can delay the course of the disease should be investigated. Key words: muscle dystrophy; long pulse stimulation; neuromuscular stimulation; lower motoneuron disease. References 1. Mercuri E, Muntoni F. Muscular dystrophies. Lancet. 2013 Mar 9;381(9869):845-60. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(12)61897-2. PMID: 23465426. 2. Turner C, Hilton-Jones D. The myotonic dystrophies: diagnosis and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;81(4):358-67. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.158261. Epub 2010 Feb 22. PMID: 20176601. 3. Theadom A, Rodrigues M, Roxburgh R, Balalla S, Higgins C, Bhattacharjee R, Jones K, Krishnamurthi R, Feigin V. Prevalence of muscular dystrophies: a systematic literature review. Neuroepidemiology. 2014;43(3-4):259-68. doi: 10.1159/000369343. Epub 2014 Dec 16. PMID: 25532075. 4. Bersch I, Mayr W. Electrical stimulation in lower motoneuron lesions, from scientific evidence to clinical practice: a successful transition. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Jun 8;33(2):11230. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11230. PMID: 37288875; PMCID: PMC10388603. 5. La G, Zhou M, Lim JY, Oh S, Xing H, Liu N, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhong L. Proteomics and Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Clues into the Mechanism of the Beneficial Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Rat Denervated Gastrocnemius Muscle. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2019;52(4):769-786. doi: 10.33594/000000054. PMID: 30933441. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 5 Surface Electrostimulation stops denervated muscle atrophy in facial paralysis Johannes Krauss (1,2), Gabriel Meincke (1,2), Maren Geitner (1,2), Dirk.Arnold (1,2), Anna Maria Kuttenreich (1,2), Tim. Büchner. (4), Joachim Denzler (4), Orlando Guntinas-Lichius (1,2,3), Winfried Mayr (5), Gerd Fabian Volk (1,2,3) (1) ENT-Department, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (2) Facial-Nerve-Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (3) Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (4) Computer Vision Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; (5) Medical University Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, General Hospital Vienna, Austria. Email: fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de Sparse evidence of the therapeutic potentialities of surface electrostimulation (ES) for the treatment of facial paralysis has been published so far. Especially studies containing objective imaging methods for paralysis quantification are currently required. Facial muscles as principal target of ES can be directly quantified via ultrasound, a swiftly feasible imaging method. Our study represents one of the few systematic evaluations of this approach within patients with complete unilateral facial paralysis.1-3 We used the established ultrasound protocol for facial muscles to predict therapeutical effects on patients with facial paralysis. ES-parameters were adjusted during the first visit and confirmed/adapted every month thereafter. At each visit patients additionally underwent needle-electromyography to verify if the paralysis would still be present as well as ultrasound imaging of the facial muscles. Stimulation was carried out at home for 20 minutes twice a day on the paralytic side of the patients’ faces. In total, 15 patients with complete one-sided peripheral facial paralysis were recruited (medium 53 years, min. 25, max. 78; 8 female, 7 male). They performed surface ES for a maximum of one year. The assessment of ultrasound imaging indicate that paralytic electro-stimulated zygomaticus muscle increases during the first month of ES, while control muscles outside the focus of ES further decreases in cross-sectional area compared. Photo assessment, but also patient related outcome measures (PROMs) support this positive effect of during ES. In conclusion, Intense Electrostimulation can stop the denervation atrophy of facial muscles. Hence, the increase of ultrasound quantified muscle cross-sectional areas, but also photo and PROMs in facial paralysis, provides a clear indication of ES. Never the less, a randomized controlled study to compare ES with e.g. sham stimulation, is needed. Key words: muscle atrophy; facial paralysis; Surface Electrostimulation. References 1 Kurz A, Volk GF, Arnold D, Schneider-Stickler B, Mayr W, Guntinas-Lichius O. Selective Electrical Surface Stimulation to Support Functional Recovery in the Early Phase After Unilateral Acute Facial Nerve or Vocal Fold Paralysis. Front Neurol. 2022 Apr 4;13:869900. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.869900. PMID: 35444611; PMCID: PMC9013944. 2 Arnold D, Thielker J, Klingner CM, Puls WC, Misikire W, Guntinas-Lichius O, Volk GF. Selective Surface Electrostimulation of the Denervated Zygomaticus Muscle. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jan 28;11(2):188. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11020188. PMID: 33525522; PMCID: PMC7912406. mailto:fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 20 3. Mastryukova V, Arnold D, Güllmar D, Guntinas- Lichius O, Volk GF. Can MRI quantify the volume changes of denervated facial muscles? Eur J Transl Myol. 2020 Apr 1;30(1):8918. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8918. PMID: 32499901; PMCID: PMC7254417. Sponsored by DFG GU-463/12-1, DEGUM and IZKF. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 6 Paired stimulation for denervated muscle in persons with SCI: A proposed study Ashraf Gorgey School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Email: agorgey@gmail.com Presentation on line. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 7 Perspectives of over 20 years of FES to treat equine muscle spasms and the potential crossover into humans Sheila Schils EquiNew, River Falls, Wisconsin, USA Email: sbschils@EquiNew.com Presentation on line. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 8 Towards patient-controlled skeletal muscle pacemaker for SCIs Mohamed Abbas Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt Email: m-abbas@aun.edu.eg Presentation on line. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 9 Electric stimulation for Bell’s palsy Myriam Loyo (1), Michelle Cameron (2), Antonio Di Pietro (3) (1) Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; (2) Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, United States; (3) Department of Biophysics, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina Email: loyo@ohsu.edu Bell’s palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis, affecting one in every 60 people in their lifetime.1 Transcutaneously applied selective electrical muscle stimulation could potentially accelerate recovery from Bell’s palsy but this intervention remains controversial. Studies have shown benefit, but concerns for lack of efficacy and potential for worsening synkinesis remain. During this presentation we will review current evidence of electric stimulation for facial paralysis, and discuss our recent prospective controlled trial comparing outcomes at initial recovery and six months later with selective electrical muscle stimulation and usual physical therapy versus usual physical therapy alone in adults with acute Bell’s palsy. Monophasic pulsed exponential waveform was used. Participants in the electrical stimulation group achieved maximal recovery twice as fast as the control group (2.5 weeks versus 5.2 weeks) with no significant differences in facial function or synkinesis between groups at any time point. Strengths and limitations of the study will be discussed. Finally, the electrical stimulation technique used in the study will be demonstrated with a volunteer patient. Electrical stimulation was applied transcutaneously with an indirect digital technique where the positive electrode was placed on the ipsilateral neck of the patient and the negative electrode was placed on Stimulation was applied transcutaneously with a digital technique where the positive electrode was placed on the ipsilateral neck of the patient and the negative electrode was placed on the dominant forearm of the treating physical therapist. Stimulation was provided by the therapist’s fingers being applied to treatment locations on the patient’s face. Reproduced with permission from Di Pietro A, et al.2 mailto:agorgey@gmail.com mailto:sbschils@EquiNew.com mailto:m-abbas@aun.edu.eg mailto:loyo@ohsu.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 21 the dominant forearm of the treating physical therapist.2 The current had a monophasic exponentially rising pulsed waveform, with a pulse width >30ms, with pulse width and current amplitude adjusted to optimize comfort and muscle contraction strength and selectivity. Key words: Bell’s palsy; electrical stimulation; monophasic pulsed exponential waveform. References 1. Holland NJ, Bernstein JM. Bell's palsy. BMJ Clin Evid. Apr 9 2014;2014:1204. PMID: 24717284; PMCID: PMC3980711. 2. Di Pietro A, Cameron M, Campana V, Leyes L, Zalazar Cinat JAI, Lochala C, Johnson CZ, Hilldebrand A, Loyo M. Efficacy of adding selective electrical muscle stimulation to usual physical therapy for Bell's palsy: immediate and six-month outcomes. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Oct 24. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11630. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37877154. Presentation on line. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 10 FES for Denervated Degenerating Muscles (DDM): ten years of experience Ugo Carraro (1,2,3), Helmut Kern (4,5) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (2) Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, CIR MYO, University of Padua, Italy; (3) Armando & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy; (4) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Wien, Austria; (5) Centre of Active Aging, Sankt Poelten, Austria. Email: ugo.carraro@unip.it We will start from the beginning of our research activities and the serendipitous events of Ugo’s and Helmut’s dedication to permanent denervation of muscles and their electrical stimulation in animal models and in human patients. After years of basic research on long-term muscle denervation and their electrical stimulation in rat models,1 I met Helmut Kern at one of the Vienna Workshops on Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), in 1998, and then in 1999 when he came to see me at the Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padua during one of his stays at the Hotels in Montegrotto Terme (Padua), Italy. He was and is fanatic of the warm pools and the ups and downs of the Euganean Hills where he pedaled under clear sky. Helmut had brought his Rehabilitation thesis, which described experiences of a very young Rehabilitation Specialist, who had treated the first cases of implantation of the Vienna FES electrostimulators in paraplegic patients. He asked for my opinions and offered collaborating to collect more solid evidence of muscle improvements even in the worst cases, those of patients with permanent denervation of the legs. My immediate response was: Dear Helmut, could you collect biopsies from the muscles of rehabilitating legs? Because he was very optimistic, a long-standing partnership began almost immediately and continues to date with undisputable clinically-relevant results.2-5 Since we could and can provide strong evidence-based clinical results, they attracted some interest, but they remained a unique case, possibly related with the fact that Complete Conus Cauda Syndrome is in the realm of rare diseases. Fortunately, others are brave enough to try electrical stimulation in other more frequent clinical cases of human muscle denervation with very interesting preliminary results.6-10 Key words: permanent muscle denervation; electrical stimulation; hbFES for DDM. References 1. Carraro U, Catani C, Belluco S, Cantini M, Marchioro L. Slow-like electrostimulation switches on slow myosin in denervated fast muscle. Exp Neurol. 1986 Dec;94(3):537-53. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(86)90236-0. PMID: 3780906. 2. Kern H, Salmons S, Mayr W, Rossini K, Carraro U. Recovery of long-term denervated human muscles Forty years of research on translational myology for denervated degenerating muscle by hbFES: From rats (top: black/white panels, 1979)1 to patients (bottom: color panels 2020).5 Reproduced with permission.1,5 mailto:ugo.carraro@unip.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 22 induced by electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve. 2005 Jan;31(1):98-101. doi: 10.1002/mus.20149. PMID: 15389722. 3. Kern H, Boncompagni S, Rossini K, Mayr W, Fanò G, Zanin ME, Podhorska-Okolow M, Protasi F, Carraro U. Long-term denervation in humans causes degeneration of both contractile and excitation-contraction coupling apparatus, which is reversible by functional electrical stimulation (FES): a role for myofiber regeneration? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Sep;63(9):919-31. doi: 10.1093/jnen/63.9.919. PMID: 15453091. 4. Kern H, Carraro U, Adami N, Biral D, Hofer C, Forstner C, Mödlin M, Vogelauer M, Pond A, Boncompagni S, Paolini C, Mayr W, Protasi F, Zampieri S. Home-based functional electrical stimulation rescues permanently denervated muscles in paraplegic patients with complete lower motor neuron lesion. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010 Oct;24(8):709-21. doi: 10.1177/1545968310366129. Epub 2010 May 11. PMID: 20460493. 5. Kern H, Carraro U. Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;10(8):529. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10080529. PMID: 32751308 Free PMC article. Review. 6. Bersch I, Fridén J. Electrical stimulation alters muscle morphological properties in denervated upper limb muscles. EBioMedicine. 2021 Dec;74:103737. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103737. Epub 2021 Dec 9. 7. Gorgey AS, Khalil RE, Alrubaye M, Gill R, Rivers J, Goetz LL, Cifu DX, Castillo T, Caruso D, Lavis TD, Lesnefsky EJ, Cardozo CC, Adler RA. Testosterone and long pulse width stimulation (TLPS) for denervated muscles after spinal cord injury: a study protocol of randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2022 Oct 5;12(10):e064748. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064748. PMID: 36198461 Free PMC article. 8. Di Pietro A, Cameron M, Campana V, Leyes L, Zalazar Cinat JAI, Lochala C, Johnson CZ, Hilldebrand A, Loyo M. Efficacy of adding selective electrical muscle stimulation to usual physical therapy for Bell's palsy: immediate and six-month outcomes. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Oct 24. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11630. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37877154. 9. Mastryukova V, Arnold D, Güllmar D, Guntinas- Lichius O, Volk GF. Can MRI quantify the volume changes of denervated facial muscles? Eur J Transl Myol. 2020 Apr 1;30(1):8918. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8918. PMID: 32499901; PMCID: PMC7254417. 10. Arnold D, Thielker J, Klingner CM, Puls WC, Misikire W, Guntinas-Lichius O, Volk GF. Selective Surface Electrostimulation of the Denervated Zygomaticus Muscle. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jan 28;11(2):188. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11020188. PMID: 33525522; PMCID: PMC7912406. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - Abstract 11 Conclusive remarks Winfried Mayr Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria Email: winfried.mayr@meduniwien.ac.au 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** mailto:winfried.mayr@meduniwien.ac.au European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 23 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 12 Lecture Progress toward designing a micro-dystrophin to rescue all striated muscles Cora Hart, Matthew Lee, David Hammers, H. Lee Sweeney University of Florida Myology Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA Email: lsweeney@ufl.edu Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) containing versions of truncated dystrophin (micro-dystrophins) are being delivered to patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in clinical trials. DMD is a progressive, childhood onset muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene that result in the loss of dystrophin protein in all muscle types.1 These clinical gene therapies aim to overexpress a truncated version of dystrophin in striated muscle capable of achieving partial correction of the disease. We have examined this strategy with all of the micro-dystrophins shown in Figure 1, using at severe mouse model of DMD, the D2.mdx mouse.2-4 We administered doses of AAV comparable to those used in the clinical trials. Significant correction of the limb skeletal muscle disease is observed, which slows, but does not halt muscle disease progression. However, a lethal acceleration of cardiac disease progression occurred with two of the micro-dystrophins, while one had little or no impact on the heart, and one did not express well and had no impact. The detrimental impact on the heart appears to be caused by high levels of micro-dystrophin that result in competition between micro-dystrophin and utrophin at the cardiomyocyte membrane and by excessive protein accumulation. The micro-dystrophin with no cardiac impact does not outcompete utrophin to the same extent as the deleterious constructs. While the significance of these observations for patients currently being treated with AAV-micro- dystrophin therapies is unclear, since the expression levels in their hearts are unknown, it suggests that micro- dystrophin treatments for the heart may need to be carefully titrated, and potentially dissociated from treatment for skeletal muscle, to achieve optimal benefits for both types of muscles. Additionally, different elements of dystrophin may need to be included to rescue the heart. To address this last point, we have constructed novel micro-dystrophin constructs and have identified elements that are beneficial for the cardiac disease. Key Words: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, AAV, gene therapy, cardiomyopathy References 1. Mendell JR, Shilling C, Leslie ND, Flanigan KM, al-Dahhak R, Gastier-Foster J, Kneile K, Dunn DM, Duval B, Aoyagi A, Hamil C, Mahmoud M, Roush K, Bird L, Rankin C, Lilly H, Street N, Chandrasekar R, Weiss RB. Evidence-based path to newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol. 2012 Mar;71(3):304-13. doi: 10.1002/ana.23528. PMID: 22451200. 2. Hammers DW, Hart CC, Matheny MK, Wright LA, Armellini M, Barton ER, Sweeney HL. The D2.mdx mouse as a preclinical model of the skeletal muscle pathology associated with Duchenne WEDNESDAY February 28, 2024 San Luca Hall, Santa Giustina Monastery, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy REACHABLE FROM VIA GIUSEPPE FERRARI 2, 35123 - Padua, Italy Structure of dystrophin and micro-dystrophin constructs. A schematic diagram of full-length dystrophin, the micro- dystrophin versions currently utilized in clinical trials, and the modified micro-dystrophin construct used in this study (ΔR3-R21 ΔCT) along with ΔR2-R15/ΔR18-R22ΔCT. mailto:lsweeney@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 24 muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep. 2020 Aug 21;10(1):14070. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70987- y. PMID: 32826942; PMCID: PMC7442653. 3. Fukada S, Morikawa D, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida T, Sumie N, Yamaguchi M, Ito T, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S, Tsujikawa K, Yamamoto H. Genetic background affects properties of satellite cells and mdx phenotypes. Am J Pathol. 2010 May;176(5):2414-24. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090887. Epub 2010 Mar 19. PMID: 20304955; PMCID: PMC2861106. 4. Coley WD, Bogdanik L, Vila MC, Yu Q, Van Der Meulen JH, Rayavarapu S, Novak JS, Nearing M, Quinn JL, Saunders A, Dolan C, Andrews W, Lammert C, Austin A, Partridge TA, Cox GA, Lutz C, Nagaraju K. Effect of genetic background on the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2016 Jan 1;25(1):130-45. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv460. Epub 2015 Nov 12. PMID: 26566673; PMCID: PMC4690497. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 13 Skeletal muscle response after treatment in spinal muscular atrophy Piera Smeriglio, et al. (1,2) (1) Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France; (2) MyoBank AFM-Institut de Myologie, Paris, France Email: piera.smeriglio@sorbonne-universite.fr Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is caused by the mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and reduced SMN protein expression. Three non-curative treatments have been approved for SMA to date, significantly revolutioning the life of the patients ad their care. Despite ensuring ventilation free survival and great locomotion improvements, these therapies engage a variable response in patients particularly in the rescue of the skeletal muscle defects. Unfortunately, only few datasets are available from treated SMA patient muscle limiting our understanding of the effect of the treatments on the pathological features of the SMA muscle. To characterize the molecular underpinning of SMA muscle and its response to treatment, we collected muscle samples from SMA Type II patients after treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide. This analysis revealed that there are distinct groups of patients with distinct molecular fingerprints. We believe that the SMAII-B patients would potentially benefit from combined therapies to favor a more efficient muscle functional rescue. Kay words: skeletal muscle; spinal muscular atrophy; response after treatment. References 1. Smeriglio P, Langard P, Querin G, Biferi MG. The Identification of Novel Biomarkers Is Required to Improve Adult SMA Patient Stratification, Diagnosis and Treatment. J Pers Med. 2020 Jul 29;10(3):75. doi: 10.3390/jpm10030075. PMID: 32751151; PMCID: PMC7564782. 2. Giorgia Q, Gomez Garcia de la Banda M, Smeriglio P. Role of circulating biomarkers in spinal muscular atrophy: insights from a new treatment era. Front Neurol. 2023 Nov 13;14:1226969. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1226969. PMID: 38020652; PMCID: PMC10679720. ***** 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 14 Satellite Cell-opathies and how to find them Massimo Ganassi, Peter S. Zammit Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK E-mail: massimo.ganassi@kcl.ac.uk Skeletal muscle health relies on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells, which enable life-course muscle maintenance, hypertrophy and repair (Figure A). Muscle plasticity gradually diminishes in diseases like muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies, suggesting compromised satellite cell function. We have recently defined a new class of disease we termed Satellite Cell-opathies, where the underlying genetic mutation also impairs the function of a gene (myopathogene) directly regulating satellite cell biology, and so impairing muscle maintenance/repair. We define Primary Satellite Cell-opathies as conditions where genetic mutations directly affect only satellite cell function: generally characterised by congenital onset, hypotonia, involvement of respiratory, trunk and facial muscles. Examples include mutations in PAX7 causing P rogressive Congenital Myopathy with Scoliosis and in MYMK or MYMX causing Carey-Fineman-Ziter Syndrome. In contrast, Secondary Satellite Cell-opathies originate from pathogenic mutations directly impacting on both satellite cells and muscle fibres, leading to more heterogeneous clinical presentation in terms of onset and mailto:piera.smeriglio@sorbonne-universite.fr mailto:massimo.ganassi@kcl.ac.uk European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 25 muscle groups affected. Examples are LMNA mutations underlying laminopathies and alterations at the D4Z4 macrosatellite in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.1 A central issue is to determine if a pathogenic mutation in a myopathogene directly perturbs satellite cell function. We deploy transcriptomic analysis and comparison to assess whether genes associated with all classes of hereditary neuromuscular conditions, including those with mainly neurogenic and cardiac involvement, are differentially expressed during adult satellite cell activation (Figure 1B). Next, we determine whether such myopathogenes are controlled by PAX7, a master regulator of satellite cell myogenesis. Finally, we consider satellite cell numbers and function in the associated neuromuscular disease and animal models. Using our multimodal approach, we found that nearly 50% of myopathogenes are expressed in satellite cells (Figure 1C), indicating that satellite cell dysfunction may represent a common pathological mechanism across neuromuscular disorders.2 Key words: satellite cell-opathies; neuromuscular disorders; muscle regeneration; muscle stem cells; skeletal muscle. References 1. Ganassi M, Muntoni F, Zammit PS. Defining and identifying satellite cell-opathies within muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Exp Cell Res. 2022 Feb 1;411(1):112906. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021. 112906. Epub 2021 Nov 3. PMID: 34740639; PMCID: PMC8784828. 2. Ganassi M, Zammit PS. Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: Expanding the portfolio of satellite cell- opathies. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Mar 18;32(1):10064. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10064. PMID: 35302338; PMCID: PMC8992676. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 15 Cancer cachexia and precision medicine Marco Sandri Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy Email: marco.sandri@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** A Top: representative image of a human quadriceps myofibre showing a quiescent satellite cell (SC) expressing PAX7 (green arrowheads; green nucleus, with nuclei (blue). Bottom: In response to growth cues, trauma or injury (stimulus; purple arrowhead), quiescent satellite cells activate and proliferate to generate a population of myoblasts. Most myoblasts enter the differentiation program to become myocytes that will fuse either to pre-existing multinucleated muscle fibres, or together to form new myofibres. A fraction of satellite cell progeny re-enters quiescence and reconstitute the stem cell pool, ensuring regenerative potential through life. B. Transcriptomic changes during early first 5 hours of murine satellite cell activation highlights myopathogenes involved in satellite cell quiescence (downregulated; blue) and satellite cell activation (upregulated; orange) from activating stimulus (purple arrowhead). Venn diagram depicts overlap between significant differentially expressed genes during the first 5 hours (T 0 h vs T 5 h) of satellite cell activation, and the 608 myopathogenes (pink circle). In this 5-hour period, 191 myopathogenes are downregulated and 80 are upregulated in satellite cells, while 337 are not differentially expressed. C. Pie chart showing that 45% of all myopathogenes associated with neuromuscular disorders are differentially expressed in the 5-hour period of satellite cell activation. mailto:marco.sandri@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 26 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 16 Mitochondria network dynamics in human cancer cachexia Sandra Zampieri, et al., (1,2,3) (1) Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: sanzamp@unipd.it Cachexia is a hypercatabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle loss in the context of a chronic inflammatory response that can occur in the setting of advanced cancer. Across malignancies, cachexia is highly prevalent in patients with gastrointestinal cancers and the loss of muscle mass and strength has been shown to be a key predictor of poor outcomes.1 Very recently, denervation-induced atrophy and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disarrangement received attention as new pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.2 Our previous study identified denervation muscle atrophy and high circulating levels of biomarkers related to NMJ disarrangement in skeletal muscle biopsies and sera from pre-cachectic and cachectic patients affected with pancreatic and colorectal cancers.3 In mice models of cancer cachexia degeneration of the mitochondrial network leading to a loss of mitochondrial function has been demonstrated,4 disrupting skeletal muscle health leading to muscle atrophy, but data on mitochondrial morphology and dynamics relatively to denervation in skeletal muscles from cachectic human patients are missing. To close these gaps, we decided to perform a human study on skeletal muscles from patients affected with distinct tumors focused on morphological and ultrastructural features of denervation and mitochondrial network remodeling as emerging pathogenetic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer cachexia. Key words: cancer cachexia; denervation; skeletal muscle loss; mitochondria. References 1. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):489-95. doi: 10.1016/S1470- 2045(10)70218-7. Epub 2011 Feb 4. PMID: 21296615.2. Daou N, Hassani M, Matos E, De Castro GS, Costa RGF, Seelaender M, Moresi V, Rocchi M, Adamo S, Li Z, Agbulut O, Coletti D. Displaced Myonuclei in Cancer Cachexia Suggest Altered Innervation. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 6;21(3):1092. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031092. PMID: 32041358; PMCID: PMC7038037. 3. Sartori R, Hagg A, Zampieri S, Armani A, Winbanks CE, Viana LR, Haidar M, Watt KI, Qian H, Pezzini C, Zanganeh P, Turner BJ, Larsson A, Zanchettin G, Pierobon ES, Moletta L, Valmasoni M, Ponzoni A, Attar S, Da Dalt G, Sperti C, Kustermann M, Thomson RE, Larsson L, Loveland KL, Costelli P, Megighian A, Merigliano S, Penna F, Gregorevic P, Sandri M. Perturbed BMP signaling and denervation promote muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Sci Transl Med. 2021 Aug 4;13(605):eaay9592. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay9592. PMID: 34349036. 4. Brown JL, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Blackwell TA, Brown LA, Perry RA, Haynie WS, Hardee JP, Carson JA, Wiggs MP, Washington TA, Greene NP. Mitochondrial degeneration precedes the development of muscle atrophy in progression of cancer cachexia in tumour-bearing mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017 Dec;8(6):926-938. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12232. Epub 2017 Aug 28. PMID: 28845591; PMCID: PMC5700433. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 17 Neuromuscular coordination: from birth to adulthood Francesco Lacquaniti (1,2) (1) Department of Systems Medicine of the University of Rome Tor Vergata; (2) IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy Email: francesco.lacquaniti@uniroma2.it Muscle properties change drastically postnatally. Both fast and slow muscles initially exhibit similarly slow contraction, which speeds up over the first few weeks after birth.1 Polyneuronal innervation also gradually subsides.2 I will briefly review studies showing how the neural control of muscles adapts to changing muscle properties. With development, the amplitude and shape of motor neurons action potentials change, due to changes in several biophysical parameters such as the membrane resistance and capacitance, and the maximum firing frequency increases. These changes occur earlier in cervical motor neurons than lumbar motor neurons, in parallel with the earlier arrival of cortico-spinal descending pathways at cervical than lumbar cord. In neonates, motor neurons discharge highly synchronous action potentials.3 This is quantified by the temporal cross-correlation and the coherence in the frequency mailto:sanzamp@unipd.it mailto:francesco.lacquaniti@uniroma2.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 27 domain (the delta band at 0 to 5 Hz). High synchrony compensates for the slow contraction times of neonatal muscles and is responsible for fast movements. Motoneuron synchronization is due to common synaptic inputs from premotor interneurons of the central pattern generators and from afferent feedback. Contribution to synchronization also comes from electrical gap-junctions between motoneurons. Newborns cannot sit nor stand, yet they are able to step automatically on ground if supported. This innate ability depends on the presence of basic spinal modules of neuromuscular control, which are shared across mammals and birds.4 With maturation, the native motor modules split and generate new modules, so that the complexity of commands increases while variability decreases.5 The maturation process is slow in altricial species (such as the human) or fast in precocial species (such as the ungulates), the overall time taken to develop independent locomotion since conception being proportional to brain size. Conserved evolutionary features coexist with innovations in each animal species. In adult humans, the control of erect bipedal locomotion requires brief activations of leg muscles to accommodate discrete arm movements (such as reaching and grasping an object) within rhythmic locomotion. Key words: motor primitives; muscle synergies; polyinnervation; gap junctions. References 1. Burke RE. Motor units: anatomy, physiology, and functional organization. Supplement 2. Handbook of Physiology, The Nervous System, Motor Control, 2011. 2. Personius KE, Balice-Gordon RJ. Loss of correlated motor neuron activity during synaptic competition at developing neuromuscular synapses. Neuron. 2001 Aug 16;31(3):395-408. doi: 10.1016/s0896- 6273(01)00369-5. PMID: 11516397. 3. Del Vecchio A, Sylos-Labini F, Mondì V, Paolillo P, Ivanenko Y, Lacquaniti F, Farina D. Spinal motoneurons of the human newborn are highly synchronized during leg movements. Sci Adv. 2020 Nov 20;6(47):eabc3916. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc 3916. PMID: 33219027; PMCID: PMC7679172. 4. Dominici N, Ivanenko YP, Cappellini G, d'Avella A, Mondì V, Cicchese M, Fabiano A, Silei T, Di Paolo A, Giannini C, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F. Locomotor primitives in newborn babies and their development. Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):997-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1210617. PMID: 22096202. 5. Sylos-Labini F, La Scaleia V, Cappellini G, Dewolf A, Fabiano A, Solopova IA, Mondì V, Ivanenko Y, Lacquaniti F. Complexity of modular neuromuscular control increases and variability decreases during human locomotor development. Commun Biol. 2022 Nov 16;5(1):1256. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04225- 8. PMID: 36385628; PMCID: PMC9669031. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 18 Advancing assessment and diagnostic with the use of virtual histology and 3D techniques Paolo Gargiulo University of Rejkyavik, Iceland Email: paologar@landspitali.is Advancing assessment and diagnostic techniques in healthcare has been made possible with the use of virtual histology and 3D techniques. Among these methods, 3D Printing (3DP) has emerged as a well-known and established technology. Its applications in healthcare have become increasingly intriguing and challenging, gaining attention and value in recent years. With the ability to acquire medical images, such as MRI and CT scans, and apply specific scanning protocols, 3DP in healthcare has proven to be a potential solution and support for numerous clinical problems. By utilizing the segmentation of regions of interest and specific technology, clinicians can create 3D models of anatomical structures. These models have various applications, including visualizing and preparing for surgical procedures, enhancing communication between patients and doctors, and serving educational purposes by displaying complex pathological anatomies in a novel way. Today, there are under development new applications such as Virtual reality and augmented reality showing their great potentials for improving planning and clinical training. The Icelandic model have been inspiring several institutions in Europe and in collaboration with over 40-word wide professionals we recently edited a book entitled Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing: Applications, Integration, and New Directions to establish a point of reference for 3D printing practice in Healthcare.1,2 Key Words: advancing assessment and diagnostic; virtual histology; 3D techniques. References 1. Árnadóttir, Íris, Riccardo Forni, Ingvar Ólafsson, Deborah Jacob, and Paolo Gargiulo. "3D printing to advance neurosurgery planning." In Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing, pp. 125-141. Academic Press, 2023. 2. Paolo Gargiulo. Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing, Elsevier book . Academic Press, 2023. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** mailto:paologar@landspitali.is European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 28 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 19 Motor unit alteration following MBNL functional loss in myotonic dystrophy Denis Furling Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche en Myologie UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France Email: denis.furling@upmc.fr 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 – Abstract 20 Unraveling the effects of Time Restricted Eating on inflammation and related biological processes Stephen Anton (1,2) (1) Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida; (2) Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA E-mail: Santon@ufl.edu Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a type of intermittent fasting in which food intake is confined to a particular time window each day. This approach has recently garnered substantial attention as a dietary intervention due to its potential health benefits, such as weight loss and improvement of metabolic disease risk factors. During the past couple of decades, TRE has been recognized to induce a number of health benefits, such as weight loss and improvement of metabolic disease risk factors, particularly in adults with obesity. Findings from preclinical studies,1,2 and emerging findings from human studies,3 indicate that TRE imparts many of these health benefits by influencing a number of biological processes including autophagy,1-3 inflammatory responses,4 and gut microbiota.5 There remains some debate,6 however, whether many health benefits attributed to TRE are due to unintentional calorie restriction or the longer fasting period. Others have suggested that TRE can help to align circadian rhythms,7 and that the interplay between circadian molecular metabolism with TRE is what underlies the numerous health benefits. The focus of this presentation will be on unraveling the effects of TRE on inflammation and related biological processes by examining the influence that factors, such as calorie restriction, time of day in which food is consumed, and daily fasting duration have in influencing study findings. Key words: Time-restricted eating; inflammation; circadian rhythms. References 1. Yin Z, Klionsky DJ. Intermittent time-restricted feeding promotes longevity through circadian autophagy. Autophagy. 2022 Mar;18(3):471-472. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2039524. Epub 2022 Feb 27. PMID: 35220894; PMCID: PMC9037462. 2. Ulgherait M, Midoun AM, Park SJ, Gatto JA, Tener SJ, Siewert J, Klickstein N, Canman JC, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M. Circadian autophagy drives iTRF- mediated longevity. Nature. 2021 Oct;598(7880):353-358. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021- 03934-0. Epub 2021 Sep 29. PMID: 34588695; PMCID: PMC9395244. 3. Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, Yang ES, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1234. Published 2019 May 30. doi:10.3390/nu11061234 4. Ezzati A, Rosenkranz SK, Horne BD. Importance of Intermittent Fasting Regimens and Selection of Adequate Therapy on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients. 2022 Oct 14;14(20):4299. doi: 10.3390/nu14204299. PMID: 36296982; PMCID: PMC9607422. 5. Zeb F, Wu X, Chen L, Fatima S, Haq IU, Chen A, Majeed F, Feng Q, Li M. Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males. Br J Nutr. 2020 Jun 14;123(11):1216-1226. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519003428. Epub 2020 Jan 6. PMID: 31902372. 6. Liu D, Huang Y, Huang C, Yang S, Wei X, Zhang P, Guo D, Lin J, Xu B, Li C, He H, He J, Liu S, Shi L, Xue Y, Zhang H. Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss. N Early and Late Time Restricted Eating (TRE) schedules based on studies conducted in humans. Early TRE windows typically end by 4:00 pm (16.00 h) or before, whereas late TRE windows end after 6:00 pm (18.00 h), permitting an evening meal. The typical eating window duration in clinical trials ranges from 4 to 12 hours. In contrast, in studies involving calorie restriction (CR), the eating window is not restricted but calorie intake is typically reduced by 20-30% of baseline intake. mailto:denis.furling@upmc.fr mailto:Santon@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 29 Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 21;386(16):1495-1504. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114833. PMID: 35443107. 7. Manoogian ENC, Chow LS, Taub PR, Laferrère B, Panda S. Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases. Endocr Rev. 2022 Mar 9;43(2):405-436. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnab027. PMID: 34550357; PMCID: PMC8905332. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 21 IGF-I from fibroadipogenic progenitors is a critical modulator of muscle regeneration Yangyi Edward Luo, Elisabeth Barton (1,2). (1) Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology; (2) Myology Institute; (2) University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA E-mail: erbarton@ufl.edu Skeletal muscle regeneration requires coordinated actions of multiple cell populations, including Fibro- Adipogenic Progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are mesenchymal stem cells that are located between myofibers and adjacent to capillaries1. In the past decade, it has been established that FAPs are the predominant progenitor stem cells generating adipocytes and fibroblasts and are required for muscle regeneration2. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) is a hormone that contributes significantly to skeletal muscle regeneration3. Importantly, FAPs are a prominent producer of IGF-I in skeletal muscle during acute muscle regeneration. However, the function of IGF-I from FAPs remains poorly understood. To understand the function of IGF-I produced from FAPs, we developed a FAP-specific Igf1 Deletion mouse (FID) using Pdgfrɑ-Cre-ERT2 x Igf1fl/fl x Rosa26EYFP mouse lines. Mice lacking the Igf1fl/fl allele served as wildtype (WT) controls. Adult mice were treated with tamoxifen by IP injections for 5 days to activate Cre recombinase. Unilateral injections of BaCl2 were used to acutely injure tibialis anterior muscles (Fig 1A). Fiber size was determined by laminin immunostaining4, and was highly significant 7 and 14 days post-injury (dpi), where median fiber cross- sectional areas were 15-30% smaller in male and female FID muscles (Fig. 1B), suggesting a paracrine effect of FAP IGF-I on regenerating fibers. This was confirmed by reduced MyoD expression, and reduced Pax7-positive cells early in regeneration. Next, 3 rounds of repeated damage spaced 21 days apart caused muscles from female WT mice to increase by >40%, whereas those from female FID mice increased by only ~22%, supporting the paracrine actions of FAP IGF-I on muscle cells (Fig. 1C-D). To evaluate the autocrine actions of FAP IGF-I, we examined ECM content and PDGFRɑ- positive cells during regeneration. Muscle sections from 21 dpi stained with picrosirius red revealed decreased collagen in regenerating muscles from FID mice. Further, 3 bouts of damage spaced 7 days apart increased FAP presence in WT muscles, but their appearance was blunted in FID muscles. FAPs were visible near blood vessels in FID muscles, but they did not adopt the extended morphology around regenerating fibers observed in WT muscles. These data reveal an autocrine need of FAP IGF-I for proliferation and/or survival. Indeed, impaired FAP survival was clear when FAPs from FID muscles were extracted for primary cultures: expansion of FAPs lacking Igf1 expression was severely reduced. Altogether, we conclude that IGF-I from FAPs is required for efficient skeletal muscle regeneration, intercellular interaction between FAPs and muscle cells, and survival of FAPs themselves. Key words: muscle regeneration; paracrine IGF-I effects; autocrine IGF-I effects. References 1. Uezumi, A., Fukada, S., Yamamoto, N., Takeda, S., Tsuchida, K. Mesenchymal progenitors distinct from satellite cells contribute to ectopic fat cell formation in skeletal muscle. Nat Cell Biol. 2010;12(2):143-52. PMID: 20081842 2. Mueller, A.A., van Velthoven, C.T., Fukumoto, K.D., Cheung, T.H., Rando, T.A. Intronic polyadenylation of pdgfralpha in resident stem cells attenuates muscle fibrosis. Nature. 2016;540(7632):276-9. PMC5384334. 3. Vassilakos, G., Barton, E.R. Insulin-like growth factor i regulation and its actions in skeletal muscle. Compr Physiol. 2018;9(1):413-38. Figure 1. Consequences of FAP specific ablation of Igf1. A. Study design for acute injury experiments. B. FID mice have reduced fiber size during muscle regeneration. C. Repeated injury exacerbates phenotype of impaired muscle hypertrophy. D. H&E staining of muscle sections in non-damaged (ND) and repeated damage 21 days apart in WT (CTRL) and FID muscles. mailto:erbarton@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 30 4. Smith, L.R., Barton, E.R. Smash - semi-automatic muscle analysis using segmentation of histology: A matlab application. Skelet Muscle. 2014;4:21. PMC4417508 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 22 Immunomodulation of skeletal muscle regeneration: muscle macrophages and beyond Kate Kosmac (1,2) (1) Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Science, Augusta University, USA; (2) Transdisciplinary Research Initiative in Inflammaging and Brain Aging (TRIBA), Augusta University, USA E-mail: kkosmac@augusta.edu Skeletal muscle regenerative capacity declines with aging and diseases like peripheral artery disease (PAD). Macrophages have documented roles in muscle regeneration and regrowth1. In fact, evidence suggests modulating macrophage phenotype in aged muscle can restore regenerative capacity and functional recovery following disuse2. However, relatively little is known about specific macrophage functions and cellular interactions within aged or diseased human muscles. This is partially due to methodological limitations when working with human biopsies: little contribution of protein/nuclei from macrophages in whole muscle analytes and low macrophage numbers following isolation from small tissue biopsies. We, and others, have shown greater M2 macrophages in both aging2 and PAD3 muscle; although, the physiological impact of this phenotypic shift is not fully understood. Here, we present preliminary results obtained using the Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiler (DSP) with whole transcriptome atlas (WTA). Macrophage markers (CD68/CD163) were used to select M2 macrophages within gastrocnemius muscle and transcriptome profiling was performed. CD68+/CD163+ muscle macrophages from PAD showed higher expression of genes related to inflammation (OTUD1, PYCARD) and apoptosis (DSE) and lower expression of mitochondria related genes compared to non-PAD (Figure A). Additionally, altered expression of genes encoding TCA cycle components and regulators of extracellular matrix were observed in M2 macrophages from PAD muscle compared to non- PAD (Figure B & C). These findings suggest PAD results in metabolic changes within tissue resident muscle macrophages. Furthermore, these changes may contribute to reported increases in fibrosis, muscle pathology and functional decline with PAD. Moreover, prior studies have shown bone marrow age affects resident muscle macrophage phenotypes5. Thus, shifts toward inflammatory/Th-1 responses with aging (“Inflammaging”), or disease, may exacerbate metabolic changes in muscle resident macrophages. Understanding metabolic changes in muscle macrophages with aging, as well as changes in circulating immune populations, may uncover new immunomodulatory drugs able to restore regenerative capacity in muscle with aging or disease. Key words: skeletal muscle macrophages; immunomodulation; muscle regeneration; inflammaging. References 1. Cui CY, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Macrophage Involvement in Aging-Associated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Cells. 2023 Apr 22;12(9):1214. doi: 10.3390/cells12091214. PMID: 37174614; PMCID: PMC10177543. 2. Ferrara PJ, Yee EM, Petrocelli JJ, Fix DK, Hauser CT, de Hart NMMP, Mahmassani ZS, Reidy PT, O'Connell RM, Drummond MJ. Macrophage immunomodulation accelerates skeletal muscle functional recovery in aged mice following disuse atrophy. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Oct 1;133(4):919-931. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol. 00374.2022. Epub 2022 Sep 1. PMID: 36049060; PMCID: PMC9550586. Digital Spatial Profiling showing transcriptional differences within M2-like muscle macrophages from PAD versus non-PAD gastrocnemius. A) Volcano plot illustrating differentially expressed genes within CD68+/CD163+ muscle macrophages from a single baseline PAD and non-PAD gastrocnemius. B-C) Heat maps illustrating gene expression differences within the TCA and respiratory electron transfer pathway (B) or ECM organization and degradation pathways (C) from CD68+CD163+ macrophages in PAD compared to non-PAD muscle. Forty years of research on translational myology for denervated degenerating muscle by hbFES: From rats (top: black/white panels, 19792 and 19853) to patients (bottom: color panels 202011). Reproduced with permission.1-5 mailto:kkosmac@augusta.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 31 3. Cui CY, Driscoll RK, Piao Y, Chia CW, Gorospe M, Ferrucci L. Skewed macrophage polarization in aging skeletal muscle. Aging Cell. 2019 Dec;18(6):e13032. doi: 10.1111/acel.13032. Epub 2019 Sep 2. PMID: 31478346; PMCID: PMC6826159. 4. Kosmac K, Gonzalez-Freire M, McDermott MM, White SH, Walton RG, Sufit RL, Tian L, Li L, Kibbe MR, Criqui MH, Guralnik JM, S Polonsky T, Leeuwenburgh C, Ferrucci L, Peterson CA. Correlations of Calf Muscle Macrophage Content With Muscle Properties and Walking Performance in Peripheral Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 May 18;9(10):e015929. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.015929. Epub 2020 May 9. PMID: 32390569; PMCID: PMC7660852. 5. Wang Y, Wehling-Henricks M, Samengo G, Tidball JG. Increases of M2a macrophages and fibrosis in aging muscle are influenced by bone marrow aging and negatively regulated by muscle- derived nitric oxide. Aging Cell. 2015 Aug;14(4):678-88. doi: 10.1111/acel.12350. Epub 2015 May 25. PMID: 26009878; PMCID: PMC4531081. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 23 Clinical Trials Investigating Supplementation with Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Older Adults Matthew Martenson, Bella Bravo, Robert Mankowski, Stephen Anton, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA. Email: sven715@ufl.edu; cleeuwen@ufl.edu Organismal aging is associated with numerous biological changes- one of which is a decrease in cellular and tissue- specific levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Several preclinical studies have shown a decrease in NAD+ synthesis and content which may contribute to pathologies mediated by changes in sirtuin expression and activity as well as DNA repair deficits. These pathologies include glucose dyshomeostais, non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given this wide range of conditions associated with a decline in NAD+ content, there has been much recent interest in supplementation with compounds that can increase cellular NAD+ levels. Specifically, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) are both NAD+ intermediates that have been shown to increase NAD+ levels in preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). At this time, there have been 13 RCTs investigating the use of NR in humans and 8 RCTs investigating NMN. These RCTs show that there is a dose-dependent increase in NAD+ with both NR,1-8,11,15,18-19 and NMN supplementation;9-10,12-13,16,20-21 however, the clinical significance of these trials is variable. In these trials, NR supplementation did not improve mitochondrial function,5,17 insulin sensitivity,6-7,17 or glucose oxidation;7,17 however, one trial reported a reduction in Aβ42, a biomarker associated with AD.19 Another trial reported a reduction in alanine aminotransferease (ALT) in patients with NAFLD.4 As for NMN, no trials report improvements in cardiovascular or metabolic parameters;9-10,12,20 however, two trials demonstrated improvements in submaximal exercise performance.14,20 Thus, emerging findings from RCTs indicate NR and NMN have potential to address a decline in NAD+ synthesis and/or a greater need for NAD+ for optimal cellular function with aging. More RCTs are needed to establish whether NR or NMN supplementation can truly improve clinical outcomes such as walking speed, cognition and vascular functional assessments in older adults. mailto:cleeuwen@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 32 Key Words: nicotinamide riboside; nicotinamide mononucleotide; clinical trials; function; aging. References 1. Ahmadi A, Begue G, Valencia AP, Norman JE, Lidgard B, Bennett BJ, Van Doren MP, Marcinek DJ, Fan S, Prince DK, Gamboa J, Himmelfarb J, de Boer IH, Kestenbaum BR, Roshanravan B. Randomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight. 2023 Jun 8;8(11):e167274. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.167274. PMID: 37159264; PMCID: PMC10393227. 2. Brakedal B, Dölle C, Riemer F, Ma Y, Nido GS, Skeie GO, Craven AR, Schwarzlmüller T, Brekke N, Diab J, Sverkeli L, Skjeie V, Varhaug K, Tysnes OB, Peng S, Haugarvoll K, Ziegler M, Grüner R, Eidelberg D, Tzoulis C. The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease. Cell Metab. 2022 Mar 1;34(3):396-407.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.001. PMID: 35235774. 3. Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 5;9(1):9772. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019- 46120-z. PMID: 31278280; PMCID: PMC6611812. 4. Dellinger RW, Holmes HE, Hu-Seliger T, Butt RW, Harrison SA, Mozaffarian D, Chen O, Guarente L. Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology. 2023 Sep 1;78(3):863-877. doi: 10.1002/hep.32778. Epub 2022 Nov 22. PMID: 36082508. 5. Dollerup OL, Chubanava S, Agerholm M, Søndergård SD, Altıntaş A, Møller AB, Høyer KF, Ringgaard S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Lavery GG, Barrès R, Larsen S, Prats C, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Nicotinamide riboside does not alter mitochondrial respiration, content or morphology in skeletal muscle from obese and insulin-resistant men. J Physiol. 2020 Feb;598(4):731-754. doi: 10.1113/JP278752. Epub 2019 Dec 26. PMID: 31710095. 6. Dollerup OL, Trammell SAJ, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Christensen B, Møller N, Gillum MP, Treebak JT, Jessen N. Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Nov 1;104(11):5703-5714. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01081. PMID: 31390002. 7. Dollerup OL, Christensen B, Svart M, Schmidt MS, Sulek K, Ringgaard S, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Møller N, Brenner C, Treebak JT, Jessen N. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Aug 1;108(2):343-353. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy132. PMID: 29992272. 8. Elhassan YS, Kluckova K, Fletcher RS, Schmidt MS, Garten A, Doig CL, Cartwright DM, Oakey L, Burley CV, Jenkinson N, Wilson M, Lucas SJE, Akerman I, Seabright A, Lai YC, Tennant DA, Nightingale P, Wallis GA, Manolopoulos KN, Brenner C, Philp A, Lavery GG. Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures. Cell Rep. 2019 Aug 13;28(7):1717- 1728.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.043. PMID: 31412242; PMCID: PMC6702140. 9. Fukamizu Y, Uchida Y, Shigekawa A, Sato T, Kosaka H, Sakurai T. Safety evaluation of β- nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women. Sci Rep. 2022 Aug 24;12(1):14442. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18272-y. PMID: 36002548; PMCID: PMC9400576. 10. Irie J, Inagaki E, Fujita M, Nakaya H, Mitsuishi M, Yamaguchi S, Yamashita K, Shigaki S, Ono T, Yukioka H, Okano H, Nabeshima YI, Imai SI, Yasui M, Tsubota K, Itoh H. Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. Endocr J. 2020 Feb 28;67(2):153-160. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0313. Epub 2019 Nov 2. PMID: 31685720. 11. Jensen JB, Dollerup OL, Møller AB, Billeskov TB, Dalbram E, Chubanava S, Damgaard MV, Dellinger RW, Trošt K, Moritz T, Ringgaard S, Møller N, Treebak JT, Farup J, Jessen N. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle injury in elderly individuals. JCI Insight. 2022 Oct 10;7(19):e158314. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight. 158314. PMID: 35998039; PMCID: PMC9675477. 12. Katayoshi T, Uehata S, Nakashima N, Nakajo T, Kitajima N, Kageyama M, Tsuji-Naito K. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 16;13(1):2786. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29787- 3. PMID: 36797393; PMCID: PMC9935856. 13. Kim M, Seol J, Sato T, Fukamizu Y, Sakurai T, Okura T. Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 11;14(4):755. doi: 10.3390/nu14040755. PMID: 35215405; PMCID: PMC8877443. 14. Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 33 randomized, double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jul 8;18(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021- 00442-4. PMID: 34238308; PMCID: PMC8265078. 15. Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, Armstrong ML, Reisdorph N, McQueen MB, Chonchol M, Seals DR. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun. 2018 Mar 29;9(1):1286. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03421- 7. PMID: 29599478; PMCID: PMC5876407. 16. Pencina KM, Lavu S, Dos Santos M, Beleva YM, Cheng M, Livingston D, Bhasin S. MIB-626, an Oral Formulation of a Microcrystalline Unique Polymorph of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Increases Circulating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its Metabolome in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023 Jan 26;78(1):90- 96. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glac049. PMID: 35182418. 17. Remie CME, Roumans KHM, Moonen MPB, Connell NJ, Havekes B, Mevenkamp J, Lindeboom L, de Wit VHW, van de Weijer T, Aarts SABM, Lutgens E, Schomakers BV, Elfrink HL, Zapata- Pérez R, Houtkooper RH, Auwerx J, Hoeks J, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Phielix E, Schrauwen P. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;112(2):413-426. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa072. PMID: 32320006; PMCID: PMC7398770. 18. Simic P, Vela Parada XF, Parikh SM, Dellinger R, Guarente LP, Rhee EP. Nicotinamide riboside with pterostilbene (NRPT) increases NAD+ in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stepwise safety study of escalating doses of NRPT in patients with AKI. BMC Nephrol. 2020 Aug 13;21(1):342. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-02006-1. PMID: 32791973; PMCID: PMC7427083. 19. Vreones M, Mustapic M, Moaddel R, Pucha KA, Lovett J, Seals DR, Kapogiannis D, Martens CR. Oral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin. Aging Cell. 2023 Jan;22(1):e13754. doi: 10.1111/acel.13754. Epub 2022 Dec 14. PMID: 36515353; PMCID: PMC9835564. 20. Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, Thasma S, Andhalkar N, Avhad G, Kumbhar V. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. Geroscience. 2023 Feb;45(1):29-43. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1. Epub 2022 Dec 8. PMID: 36482258; PMCID: PMC9735188. 21. Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF, Sindelar M, Pietka T, Patterson BW, Imai SI, Klein S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021 Jun 11;372(6547):1224-1229. doi: 10.1126/science.abe 9985. Epub 2021 Apr 22. PMID: 33888596; PMCID: PMC8550608. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 24 Mediators of youthfulness in skeletal muscle Kevin Murach Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Email: kmurach@uark.edu 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 28 - Abstract 25 GDF5-based therapeutic approach to counteract age-related muscle wasting Massiré Traoré (1)§, Chiara Noviello (1)§, Amélie Vergnol (1), Christel Gentil (1), Marius Halliez (1), Lucile Saillard (1), Anne Forand (1), Mégane Lemaitre (2), Zoheir Guesmia (1), Bruno Cadot (1), Eriky Caldas (3), Benjamin Marty (3), Nathalie Mougenot (2), Julien Messéant (1), Laure Strochlic (1), Jeremy Sadoine (4), Lofti Slimani (4), Ariane Jolly (5), Pierre De la Grange (5), Jean-Yves Hogrel (6), France Piétri-Rouxel (1)*, Sestina Falcone (1)*. (1) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; (2) Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMS28, Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Paris, France; (3) Institut de Myologie, CEA, Laboratoire d’imagerie et de spectroscopie par RMN, Paris, France; (4) Université de Paris, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France; (5) GenoSplice, Paris Biotech Santé, Paris, France; (6) Institut de Myologie, Laboratoire de physiologie et d’évaluation neuromusculaire, Paris, France. Massiré Traoré§ and Chiara Noviello§ contributed equally to this work. Piétri-Rouxel France* and Falcone Sestina* contributed equally to this work. Email: s.falcone@institut-myologie.org mailto:kmurach@uark.edu mailto:s.falcone@institut-myologie.org European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 34 Sarcopenia is a disease defined as progressive age-related loss of muscle strength, function and mass, which results in increased mortality. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onset and progression of sarcopenia, however, some pathophysiological aspects are still not very well understood and no cure has been established to date. Our previous work demonstrated that GDF5 (Growth Differentiation Factor 5) overexpression in old mouse prevented muscle mass decline, although a deeper report on the mechanisms and consequences of GDF5 implement on aged muscle was missing. Here, we demonstrate that GDF5 overexpression in muscle during aging induces muscle mass gain and improves neuromuscular connectivity and endplate morphology. In addition, we present the characterization of the cellular and molecular effects of GDF5 in muscle during aging and show its “rejuvenating signature”. Based on this proof of concept, we defined a cutting-edge therapeutic approach describing how the treatment with the recombinant GDF5 protein is able to counteract the age- related skeletal muscle wasting in mice and might have a strong curative potential on humans. Key Words: muscle; counteracting age-related wasting; GDF5-based therapy. Reference 1. Piétri-Rouxel F, Falcone S, Traoré M. GDF5 - Un candidat thérapeutique dans la lutte contre la sarcopénie [GDF5: a therapeutic candidate for combating sarcopenia]. Med Sci (Paris). 2023 Nov;39 Hors série n° 1:47-53. French. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2023143. Epub 2023 Nov 17. Presentation on-line. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 26 Proteomic profiling of fibre type shifting in aged skeletal muscles Kay Ohlendieck (1,2), Dieter Swandulla (3), Paul Dowling (1,2). (1) Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (2) Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (3) Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. E-mail: kay.ohlendieck@mu.ie A large spectrum of physical ailments is associated with the natural aging process, including sarcopenia, which is defined as the age-related decline in both muscle mass and contractile strength. Sarcopenia of old age increases the risk of frequent falling, poor balance and impaired mobility. Thus, mobility medicine plays a crucial role in combatting progressive muscle wasting in the elderly, including counter measures in bed-ridden patients using home-based full-body in-bed gym based exercises. Lifelong physical activity was clearly shown to have beneficial effects on the neuromuscular system. Our laboratory has applied comparative proteomics to study sarcopenia of old age using both animal models and human biopsy specimens. The findings from mass spectrometric surveys agree with the pathophysiological concept that sarcopenia is based on multi-factorial mechanisms and that fast-to-slow transitions and considerable metabolic changes occur in senescent skeletal muscles. Novel proteomic biomarkers of aging can be useful for improving diagnostic/prognostic procedures and therapeutic monitoring of sarcopenia. Key Words: Aging; muscle aging; myofibre; sarcopenia of old age, senescence. References 1. Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full-Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023;33(2):11525. Published 2023 Jun 23. doi:10.4081/ejtm. 2023.11525. 2. Mosole S, Rossini K, Kern H, et al. Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise (2013, revisited here in 2022). Eur J Transl Myol. 2022;32(1):10420. Published 2022 Feb 28. doi:10.4081/ejtm.2022.10420. 3. Ohlendieck K. Two-CyDye-Based 2D-DIGE Analysis of Aged Human Muscle Biopsy Specimens. Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2596:265- 289. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_19. 4. Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3):2415. Published 2023 Jan 26. doi:10.3390/ijms24032415. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 Comparative mass spectrometric analysis Identification of changes in distinct proteoforms Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle aging New biomarker of sarcopenia of old age Skeletal muscle extracts mailto:kay.ohlendieck@mu.ie European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 35 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 27 Circadian Catecholamine Sensitivity: Does Time Matter? Kenneth Dyar (1,2) (1) Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (2) German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. E-mail: kenneth.dyar@helmholtz-munich.de Circadian clocks control metabolism and energy homeostasis, and chronic circadian disruption is a risk factor for metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. To investigate the functional role of the skeletal muscle clock we generated conditional and inducible mouse lines with muscle-specific ablation of Bmal1 (mKO), an essential clock gene. We previously reported mKO mice display normal 24-hr feeding and activity rhythms compared to wildtype littermates, yet mKO skeletal muscles show dramatically altered 24-hr gene expression, impaired insulin sensitivity, and major changes in glucose, lipid, amino acid and protein metabolism. Hormones and metabolites, including the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline can modulate circadian genes and synchronize clocks in the periphery. We found that transcripts coding for adrenergic receptor β2 (Adrb2), the main catecholamine receptor in skeletal muscle, oscillate ~2-fold over 24-hr and peak at the transition from sleep to awakening when circulating catecholamines are also highest. To investigate whether β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) also oscillate at a functional level, we measured specific binding of β2-AR in membrane fractions isolated from mouse quadriceps across 24-hr. We found membrane- bound β2-AR followed 24-hr Adrb2 mRNA expression patterns by ~6hr, with lowest levels during the day, when mice are normally asleep and fasting, and ~3-fold higher membrane-bound β2-AR at night, when mice are normally awake, active and feeding. 24-hr Adrb2 mRNA oscillation is completely abrogated in muscles from muscle-specific Bmal1 knockout mice, including an inducible model in which muscle Bmal1 is inactivated during adulthood. In addition, some effects of acute β2- AR stimulation were severely blunted in mKO muscles, as shown by decreased phosphorylation of PKA substrates and decreased induction of β2-AR-responsive genes, while other responses appear normal. Our data suggest the muscle clock regulates aspects of 24-hr hormone sensitivity, and disruption of the muscle clock causes a condition of partial "catecholamine resistance" characterized by decreased muscle response to β- adrenergic agonists. Key words: circadian rhythms; skeletal muscle; β2- adrenergic receptors (β2-AR); catecholamine resistance. References 1. Dyar KA, Ciciliot S, Wright LE, Biensø RS, Tagliazucchi GM, Patel VR, Forcato M, Paz MI, Gudiksen A, Solagna F, Albiero M, Moretti I, Eckel- Mahan KL, Baldi P, Sassone-Corsi P, Rizzuto R, Bicciato S, Pilegaard H, Blaauw B, Schiaffino S. Muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism are controlled by the intrinsic muscle clock. Mol Metab. 2013 Oct 23;3(1):29-41. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.10.005. 2. Schiaffino S, Blaauw B, Dyar KA. The functional significance of the skeletal muscle clock: lessons from small knockout models. Skelet Muscle. 2016 Oct 13;6:33. doi: 10.1186/s13395-016-0107-5. mailto:kenneth.dyar@helmholtz-munich.de European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 36 3. Dyar KA, Ciciliot S, Tagliazucchi GM, Pallafacchina G, Tothova J, Argentini C, Agatea L, Abraham R, Ahdesmäki M, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Schiaffino S, Blaauw B. The calcineurin-NFAT pathway controls activity-dependent circadian gene expression in slow skeletal muscle. Mol Metab. 2015 Sep 25;4(11):823- 33. 4. Dyar KA, Hubert MJ, Mir AA, Ciciliot S, Lutter D, Greulich F, Quagliarini F, Kleinert M, Fischer K, Eichmann TO, Wright LE, Peña Paz MI, Casarin A, Pertegato V, Romanello V, Albiero M, Mazzucco S, Rizzuto R, Salviati L, Biolo G, Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Uhlenhaut NH. Transcriptional programming of lipid and amino acid metabolism by the skeletal muscle circadian clock. PLoS Biol. 2018 Aug 10;16(8):e2005886. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio. 2005886. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 28 Contractile activity and mitochondrial transplantation rescue lysosomal and mitochondrial homeostasis in muscle cells David A. Hood, Sabrina Champsi, Debasmita Bhattacharya York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Email: dhood@yorku.ca Aging muscle displays a reduction in mitochondrial content, along with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission, reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes and dysfunctional lysosomes.1 These characteristics enhance tissue susceptibility to deterioration, facilitating sub-optimal cellular metabolism and subsequent muscle atrophy. While these perturbations to metabolic homeostasis are a natural course of the aging process, there has been ongoing research investigating how to implement interventions to reduce this decline in muscle health. Regular exercise is one possible treatment modality, however this may be unsuitable for some populations who are unable to participate due to their health status. The objective of our recent work is to use a cell culture model of fibroblasts,2 and skeletal muscle cells (myoblasts and myotubes) to identify alternative or adjunct treatments, which could be implemented alongside exercise to improve muscle cell metabolic health. Our myotube model can be subject to contractile activity,3 transfected with expression vector constructs, treated with promising drugs or administered exogenously-derived mitochondria. Recent research that has gained considerable attention is the ability of mitochondria to transfer between cells. This has the potential of improving cellular functions in pathological or energy deficit conditions, but little is known about the role of mitochondrial transfer in sustaining cellular homeostasis. We isolated mitochondria from murine skeletal muscle and incubated them with host cells (4). Dose- and time-dependent increases in mitochondrial incorporation into myoblasts were observed, resulting in elongated mitochondrial networks and an enhancement of bioenergetic profile of the host cells. Mitochondrial donation also rejuvenated the functional capacities of the myoblasts when respiration efficiency and lysosomal function were inhibited by complex I inhibitor rotenone and bafilomycin A, respectively. Murine muscle mitochondria were also effectively transferred to human fibroblast cells having mitochondrial DNA mutations, resulting in augmented mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic functions. This improved cell function by diminishing ROS emission in the diseased cells. Our findings suggest that mitochondria from donor skeletal muscle can be integrated in both healthy and functionally compromised host cells leading to mitochondrial structural refinement and respiratory enhancement. This mitochondrial trafficking and bioenergetic reprogramming to maintain and revitalise tissue homeostasis could be a useful therapeutic strategy in treating disease, or aging muscle. Key Words: mitochondria; muscle; fibroblasts; exercise; contractile activity; aging. References 1. Carter HN, Chen CC, Hood DA. Mitochondria, muscle health, and exercise with advancing age. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015 May;30(3):208-23. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2014. PMID: 25933821. 2. Cheema NJ, Cameron JM, Hood DA. Effect of rapamycin on mitochondria and lysosomes in fibroblasts from patients with mtDNA mutations. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021 Jul 1;321(1):C176- mailto:dhood@yorku.ca European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 37 C186. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00471.2020, PMID: 34106788. 3. Parousis A, Carter HN, Tran C, Erlich AT, Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Pauly M, Hood DA. Contractile activity attenuates autophagy suppression and reverses mitochondrial defects in skeletal muscle cells. Autophagy. 2018;14(11):1886-1897. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1491488. PMID: 30078345; PMCID: PMC6152519. 4. Bhattacharya D, Slavin MB, Hood DA. Muscle mitochondrial transplantation can rescue and maintain cellular homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Oct 1;325(4):C862-C884. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00212.2023. PMID: 37575060. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 29 Role of mitochondrial permeability transition in driving skeletal muscle pathology in aging and disease Russel Hepple University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Email: rthepple@phhp.ufl.edu 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 30 Exercise rescues the negative effects of head-down tilt bed rest on muscle and mitochondrial health in older adults. Maude Dulac (1), Guy Hajj-Boutros (1), Vita Sonjak (1), Andréa Faust (1), Sabah NA Hussain (1), Stéphanie Chevalier (1), Isabelle J. Dionne (2), José A. Morais (1), Gilles Gouspillou (3) (1) Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; (2) Faculté des Sciences de l’activité physique, Centre de recherche sur le Vieillissement, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; (3) Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. E-mail: gouspillou.gilles@uqam.ca Muscle disuse encountered during bed rest, immobilization, and microgravity results in rapid loss of muscle mass and strength, particularly in older adults. Impairments in multiple aspects of mitochondrial function are believed to contribute to disuse- and aging- induced muscle atrophy and weakness (1,2,3). While exercise is well known for its positive impacts on muscle and mitochondrial health (4,5), whether it can protect against the negative impacts of disuse in older adults remains largely unexplored. In this setting, we investigated the impact of two weeks of head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) with and without an exercise countermeasure in older men and women (age range: 55 to 65 years old). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess muscle volume. Bergström needle biopsies from the Vastus Lateralis were collected to assess markers of mitochondrial content, respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium retention capacity. Proteins regulating mitochondrial quality control processes, including markers of fusion (MFN1&2), fission (Drp1) and mitophagy (Parkin), and markers of autophagy (p62 and LC3I&II), were quantified using immunoblots. The proportion of NCAM positive fibers was assessed as a marker of denervation. Head-down tilt bed rest resulted in skeletal muscle atrophy, reduced mitochondrial content and respiration and increased mitochondrial ROS production. Head- down tilt bed rest did not alter mitochondrial calcium retention capacity or mitochondrial quality control markers but resulted in an accumulation of markers of autophagy and an increase in markers of denervation. Exercise protected against the deleterious effects of head- down tilt bed rest on muscle volume, mitochondrial ROS production and markers of autophagy and denervation. Exercise also resulted in an increase in mitochondrial content and respiration, without impacting mitochondrial calcium retention capacity and mitochondrial quality control markers. Taken altogether, our results indicate that an exercise countermeasure that can be performed in bed is effective in protecting muscle and mitochondrial health during of head-down tilt bed rest in older men and women. Key Words: disuse; skeletal muscle atrophy; mitochondria; autophagy; neuromuscular junctions. References 1. Hyatt HW, Powers SK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Common Denominator Linking Skeletal Muscle Wasting Due to Disease, Aging, and Prolonged Inactivity. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Apr 11;10(4):588. doi: 10.3390/antiox10040588. PMID: 33920468; PMCID: PMC8070615. 2. Leduc-Gaudet JP, Hussain SNA, Barreiro E, Gouspillou G. Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 30;22(15):8179. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158179. PMID: 34360946; PMCID: PMC8348122. 3. Gouspillou G, Sgarioto N, Kapchinsky S, Purves- Smith F, Norris B, Pion CH, Barbat-Artigas S, Lemieux F, Taivassalo T, Morais JA, Aubertin- Leheudre M, Hepple RT. Increased sensitivity to mitochondrial permeability transition and myonuclear translocation of endonuclease G in mailto:rthepple@phhp.ufl.edu mailto:gouspillou.gilles@uqam.ca European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 38 atrophied muscle of physically active older humans. FASEB J. 2014 Apr;28(4):1621-33. doi: 10.1096/fj.13-242750. Epub 2013 Dec 26. PMID: 24371120. 4. Marcangeli V, Youssef L, Dulac M, Carvalho LP, Hajj-Boutros G, Reynaud O, Guegan B, Buckinx F, Gaudreau P, Morais JA, Mauriège P, Noirez P, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Gouspillou G. Impact of high-intensity interval training with or without l- citrulline on physical performance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in obese older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Jun;13(3):1526-1540. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12955. Epub 2022 Mar 7. PMID: 35257499; PMCID: PMC9178162. 5. St-Jean-Pelletier F, Pion CH, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Sgarioto N, Zovilé I, Barbat-Artigas S, Reynaud O, Alkaterji F, Lemieux FC, Grenon A, Gaudreau P, Hepple RT, Chevalier S, Belanger M, Morais JA, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Gouspillou G. The impact of aging, physical activity, and pre-frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017 Apr;8(2):213-228. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12139. Epub 2016 Sep 2. PMID: 27897402; PMCID: PMC5377417. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 31 Mitochondrial stress response in muscular dystrophy and cancer cachexia Christopher Perry School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, York University, ON , Canada Email: cperry@yorku.ca . 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 28 - Abstract 32 The role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Skeletal muscle Agnese De Mario (1), Ilaria Piazza (1), Ozlem Kartal, Rosario Rizzuto (1), Cristina Mammucari (1,2). (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua Italy (2) Myology center (CIR-Myo), University of Padua Italy Email: agnese.demario@unipd.it The skeletal muscle rapidly responds to metabolic challenges including exercise and nutrient availability. In skeletal muscle Ca2+ directly contributes to excitation- contraction coupling and to the stimulation of mitochondrial energy production. Mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitCa2+) influx serves as a rapid signal for the allosteric activation of specific matrix dehydrogenases of the TCA cycle, and of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. mitCa2+ uptake is mediated by a highly Ca2+ selective channel, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). In skeletal muscle, MCU regulates myofiber size by impinging on PGC1α4 and IGF1-AKT/PKB pathways (1). Disuse atrophy is associated with changes in mitochondrial morphology, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and impaired mitochondrial function. While the genetic modulation of MCU has been widely applied, small molecules able to increase mitCa2+ uptake are rare. By using a well-established methodology based on Aequorin, a Ca2+-sensitive probe that emits light upon Ca2+ binding, we screened a library of 1,600 FDA- approved drugs for their ability to modulate mitCa2+ uptake. We identified Amorolfine as a positive MCU modulator. Amorolfine increases mitCa2+ uptake in Hela, C2C12 cells and adult isolated myofibers without affecting cytosolic Ca2+ transients and mitochondrial membrane potential (2). Amorolfine induces in vivo skeletal muscle hypertrophy and promotes Akt phosphorylation. It also downregulates the transcription of atrogenes and autophagy-related genes. Moreover, Amorolfine protects against denervation-induced muscle atrophy by downregulating ubiquitin ligases transcription. Thus, the positive modulation of MCU could represent a novel target in disuse atrophy. Key words: skeletal muscle; Amorolfine, disuse, mitochondrial calcium. References 1. Mammucari C, Gherardi G, Zamparo I, Raffaello A, Boncompagni S, Chemello F, Cagnin S, Braga A, mailto:cperry@yorku.ca mailto:agnese.demario@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 39 Zanin S, Pallafacchina G, Zentilin L, Sandri M, De Stefani D, Protasi F, Lanfranchi G, Rizzuto R. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter controls skeletal muscle trophism in vivo. Cell Rep. 2015 Mar 3;10(8):1269-79. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.056. Epub 2015 Feb 26. PMID: 25732818; PMCID: PMC4351162. 2. Nicchitta CV, Williamson JR. Spermine. A regulator of mitochondrial calcium cycling. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 10;259(21):12978-83. PMID: 6238031. 3. De Mario A, Tosatto A, Hill JM, Kriston-Vizi J, Ketteler R, Vecellio Reane D, Cortopassi G, Szabadkai G, Rizzuto R, Mammucari C. Identification and functional validation of FDA- approved positive and negative modulators of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Cell Rep. 2021 Jun 22;35(12):109275. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109275. PMID: 34161774; PMCID: PMC8242467. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 33 The energetic expense of inflammation: implications for muscle health Sarah H White-Springer (1,2,3) (1) Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Texas A&M University, USA; (2) Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, USA; (3) Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX USA. Email: s.white@ag.tamu.edu Inflammation is a key process stimulating adaptation following tissue insult or injury. An acute inflammatory response is, therefore, essential for cellular repair and to prepare tissue for future comparable insults. However, chronic or sustained inflammation is implicated in a wide range of debilitating conditions. While much research has focused on the mitigation of clinical inflammation, subclinical inflammation is common in an array of chronic conditions, such as aging (so called “inflammaging”), exercise (over)training, and diabetes/insulin resistance. This could be of paramount importance to maintenance of muscle health as inflammation is bioenergetically expensive. It is estimated that approximately 2,300 ATP are required to synthesize a single protein (1), and that 24 hours after activation, T cells translate ~80,000 proteins per minute (2). This elevated need for ATP leads to localized hypoxia, increasing ROS production, decreasing pH (due to reliance on glycolysis), and inducing mitochondrial damage (3). Of course, the elevation in protein synthesis to sustain chronic inflammation may not reach the level of an acute pathogenic insult, ATP is still required to maintain homeostasis, thereby repartioning ATP away from skeletal muscle contraction or anabolism. The repercussions of this could be enhanced risk of fatigue- related injury in both young athletes and older individuals, as well as muscle wasting, a hallmark of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. Work in our laboratory aims to delineate the energetic expense of inflammation to develop interventions aimed at decreasing inflammatory environments to enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and prevent fatigue in health and disease. Key words: mitochondria; inflammation; skeletal muscle; energetics. References 1. Princiotta MF, Finzi D, Qian SB, Gibbs J, Schuchmann S, Buttgereit F, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW. Quantitating protein synthesis, degradation, and endogenous antigen processing. Immunity. 2003 Mar;18(3):343-54. doi: 10.1016/s1074- 7613(03)00051-7. PMID: 12648452. 2. Wolf T, Jin W, Zoppi G, Vogel IA, Akhmedov M, Bleck CKE, Beltraminelli T, Rieckmann JC, Ramirez NJ, Benevento M, Notarbartolo S, Bumann D, Meissner F, Grimbacher B, Mann M, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F, Kwee I, Geiger R. Dynamics in protein translation sustaining T cell preparedness. Nat Immunol. 2020 Aug;21(8):927-937. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0714-5. Epub 2020 Jul 6. PMID: 32632289; PMCID: PMC7610365. 3. Fearon U, Canavan M, Biniecka M, Veale DJ. Hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and synovial invasiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Jul;12(7):385-97. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.69. Epub 2016 May 26. PMID: 27225300. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 34 Comparison of two 3D myogenesis models in a chip systems for LGMD D2 transportin 3-related Serafina Pacilio (1,2), Roberta Costa (1), Nathalie Didier (3), Juan Jesus Vilchez (4), Vincent Mouly (5), Maria Letizia Focarete (6),* Giovanna Cenacchi (1),* Edoardo Malfatti (2) (1) Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy; (2) Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955, IMRB, Créteil, France; (3) Université Paris Est mailto:s.white@ag.tamu.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 40 Créteil, INSERM, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France; (4) Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy; (5) Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular Servicio de Neurología Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; (6) Center for research in Myology, UMRS 974 Sorbonne Université-INSERM Paris, France. Email: edoardo.malfatti@u-pec.fr Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGDMD) constitute a group of inherited myopathies characterized by muscle fibers degeneration leading to progressive muscle weakness. Our study focuses on autosomal dominant form of LGMD, related to transportin 3 TNPO3 deficiency (1). We applied tissue engineering, an emergent tool, to create 3D tissue-like structures by combining myoblast cells, biocompatible materials (synthetic and natural) and appropriate biochemical and biophysical elements (2). We examined the role of a 3D collagen bio-printed hydrogel and a 3D micropillar scaffolds in skeletal muscle (SKM) myogenesis to study SKM functionalities in healthy and diseased conditions. The study employed immortalized human myoblasts derived from LGMD D2 patients, cultured in both 3D scaffolds mimicking the native SKM tissue. The 3D collagen bio-printed hydrogel, faithfully recapitulating the native SKM tissue, proved valuable for investigating myogenic processes and understanding the role of the TNPO3 protein in disease development. Conversely, the 3D micropillar system, resembling the SKM structure, facilitated real-time monitoring of cell functionality, particularly through the study of cell contractility. Comprehensive analysis of gene and protein expression related to myogenesis, muscle-specific proteins, TNPO3, as well as autophagy and atrophy were performed. Preliminary data showed an evident dysregulation in the myogenic process in LGMD D2 human myoblasts, enabling the evaluation of potential therapeutic strategies and drug repurposing. Additionally, morphological studies, both ultrastructural and subcellular, with electron microscopy and immunostaining using immunofluorescence, are ongoing (Figure 1A,B) . As a whole, our research introduces novel 3D in vitro models as an innovative approach for modelling muscular dystrophies, offering a viable alternative to conventional 2D cell cultures and animal models (3) that could serve as a versatile tools for preclinical investigations across a spectrum of pathologies, presenting an ethical and cost- effective alternative to traditional models and minimizing reliance on animal testing. Key words: skeletal muscle; skeletal muscle dystrophy; tissue engineering; 3D in vitro model. A. Graphic representation of myogenesis regulators relative gene expression (MYF5, MYOG), LGMDD2-related (TNPO3) and atrophy (MURF-1) levels evaluated by Real Time q-PCR at T0-T1 (early stages), T5 (intermediate stage) and T10 (late stage) of myogenic differentiation in both 2D (A-C) and 3D (D--F) cell models. Gene expression was normalized on the housekeeping gene RPS18. T-test (unpaired, two tailed): * p ≤ 0,05; *** p ≤ 0.001.B. Investigation of α-actinin fluorescent signal during late stage of myogenic differentiation (T10). IF staining in green. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI. mailto:edoardo.malfatti@u-pec.fr European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 41 References 1. Costa R, Rodia MT, Pacilio S, Angelini C, Cenacchi G. LGMD D2 TNPO3-Related: From Clinical Spectrum to Pathogenetic Mechanism. Front Neurol. 2022 Mar 4;13:840683. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.840683. PMID: 35309568; PMCID: PMC8931187. 2 Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2011;2:403-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev- chembioeng-061010-114257. PMID: 22432625. 3 Pacilio S, Costa R, Papa V, Rodia MT, Gotti C, Pagnotta G, Cenacchi G, Focarete ML. Electrospun Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffold Potentiates C2C12 Myoblast Bioactivity and Acts as a Stimulus for Cell Commitment in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis. Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Feb 11;10(2):239. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10020239. PMID: 36829733; PMCID: PMC9952728. PMID: 27225300. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 28 - Abstract 35 Lecture Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) and muscle aging Gillian Butler-Browne (1), Alexis Boulinguiez (1), Hadidja-Rose Mouigni (1), Valentine Hanique (1), Nami Altin (1), Jean Lacau St Guily (1), Barbara Crisol (1), Kamel Mamchaoui (1), Elisa Negroni (1), Anne Bigot (1), Vincent Mouly (1), Capucine Trollet (1) (1) Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France. Email: gillian.butler-browne@upmc.fr Aging results from the lifelong accumulation of subtle damages, caused by an exposure to biological and biochemical stresses. One of the detrimental hallmarks of muscle aging is the decreased regenerative capacity after trauma or surgery, thus leading to prolonged immobilization, loss of muscle mass, and increased sarcopenia and frailty. Age-related muscle decline can be exacerbated in patients with late onset degenerative disorders. Muscular dystrophies constitute an heterogeneous group of genetic muscle diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness, wasting and degeneration, some of these features being common with muscle aging. Among them, Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disorder, characterized by weakness of eyelids and pharyngeal muscles that typically appear from the fifth decade, leading respectively to ptosis and dysphagia. PABPN1, mutated in OPMD, is an ubiquitous polyadenylation factor that activates the poly(A) polymerase (PAP) and controls poly(A) tail length of mRNA. Compared to any other tissue, the level of the PABPN1 protein is very low in skeletal muscle, and even lower in pharyngeal muscles. In addition, the level of PABPN1 decreases during muscle aging and depletion of PABPN1 in vivo in mature skeletal muscle leads to muscle degeneration. We recently proposed that in the pharyngeal muscle of OPMD patients, the combination of i) a low PABPN1 level, ii) muscle aging and iii) the presence of toxic nuclear aggregates that sequester PABPN1 itself, could enhance the loss of function and predispose pharyngeal muscle to OPMD pathology (1). More generally, we generated through global approaches a body of evidence – including mitochondrial defects (2), specific oxidative fiber atrophy, exacerbated fibrosis (3,4), impairment in protein homeostasis and protein aggregation (1,5) - and all these changes in cellular functions and environment suggest a premature aging in OPMD muscles. Altogether our data identified potential molecular targets for intervention to slow down disease progression in OPMD as well as in muscle aging. Key words: OPMD, aging, PABPN1, aggresome, mitochondria, dysphagia. References 1. Roth F, Dhiab J, Boulinguiez A, Mouigni HR, Lassche S, Negroni E, Muraine L, Marhic A, Oliver A, Lainé J, Rouche A, O'Ferrall EK, van Engelen B, Ottenheijm C, Greif H, Blumen S, Lacau St Guily J, Perie S, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Trollet C. Assessment of PABPN1 nuclear inclusions on a large cohort of patients and in a human xenograft model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Acta Neuropathol. 2022 Dec;144(6):1157-1170. doi: 10.1007/s00401-022-02503-7. Epub 2022 Oct 5. PMID: 36197469. 2. Chartier A, Klein P, Pierson S, Barbezier N, Gidaro T, Casas F, Carberry S, Dowling P, Maynadier L, Bellec M, Oloko M, Jardel C, Moritz B, Dickson G, Mouly V, Ohlendieck K, Butler-Browne G, Trollet C, Simonelig M. Mitochondrial dysfunction reveals the role of mRNA poly(A) tail regulation in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy pathogenesis. PLoS Genet. 2015 Mar 27;11(3):e1005092. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005092. eCollection 2015 Mar. PMID: 25816335. 3. Gidaro T, Negroni E, Perié S, Mirabella M, Lainé J, Lacau St Guily J, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Trollet C. Atrophy, fibrosis, and increased PAX7- positive cells in pharyngeal muscles of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2013 Mar;72(3):234-43. mailto:gillian.butler-browne@upmc.fr European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 42 doi: 10.1097 /NEN.0b013e3182854c07. PMID: 23399899. 4. Bensalah M, Muraine L, Boulinguiez A, Giordani L, Albert V, Ythier V, Dhiab J, Oliver A, Hanique V, Gidaro T, Perié S, Lacau St-Guily J, Corneau A, Butler-Browne G, Bigot A, Mouly V, Negroni E, Trollet C. A negative feedback loop between fibroadipogenic progenitors and muscle fibres involving endothelin promotes human muscle fibrosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Jun;13(3):1771-1784. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12974. Epub 2022 Mar 22. PMID: 35319169. 5. [Nuclear aggregates in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]. Boulinguiez A, Roth F, Mouigni HR, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Trollet C. Med Sci (Paris). 2022 Dec;38 Hors série n° 1:13-16. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2022175. Epub 2023 Jan 16. PMID: 36649629. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 43 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 36 Simulating weightlessness with inactivity models on Earth: research experience of the Bedrest Centre in Koper Rado Pišot, Bostjan Simunič(1), Uroš Marušič (1), Gianni Biolo(2), Marco Narici (1,3) (1) Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia; (2) Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste, Italy (3) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: rado.pisot@zrs-kp.si Microgravity imposes many negative health consequences that need to be counteracted by physical exercise modalities for astronauts’ health. However, physical activity (PA) is more important than ever for our health also on Earth. It is a lever for physical fitness, work efficiency, the resilience of the immune system and the maintenance of psychophysical balance. However, widespread sedentarism and physical inactivity in modern societies pose serious threat to human health. A sudden period of physical inactivity can accelerate health deterioration that is already compromised by the ageing process. Indeed, the association of inactivity and aging is a recognised source of a wide range of chronic diseases and premature deaths. The experimental model of Bed Rest is presently regarded as the best ground-based model of human spaceflight as it affords to study the detrimental effects of chronic inactivity on most physiological systems of the human body, mimicking changes occurring with spaceflight. Over the last 20 years, at the Bedrest Centre Koper, Slovenia, we conducted a total of six Bedrest studies, together with many international partners and through an excellent collaboration with the Izola General Hospital and the Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital. Some of the fundamental observations and specific differences between the results of the changes in the subjects of the individual studies (lasting between 10 and 35 days) and the differences between younger (20 to 30 years) and older (60+) subjects will be presented in this lecture. Key words: Physical inactivity; aging; hospitalization; bed rest model; results; countermeasures. References 1. Pandiarajan M, Hargens AR. Ground-Based Analogs for Human Spaceflight. Front Physiol. 2020 Jun 23; 11:716. 2. Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Fortinsky RH, Counsell SR, Stewart AL, Kresevic D, Burant CJ, Landegeld CS. Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age. J Am Geriatr Soc 51: 451–458, 2003. 3. Pišot, R, Marušič, U, Biolo, G, Mazzucco, S, Lazzer, S, Grassi, B, Reggiani, C, Toniolo, L, di Prampero, PE, Passaro, A, Narici, MV, Mohammed, S, Rittweger, J, Gasparini, M, Gabrijelčič Blenkuš, M, Šimunič, B. Greater loss in muscle mass and function but smaller metabolic alterations in older compared with younger men following 2 wk of bed rest and recovery. J Appl Physiol. 2016; 120(8):922-9. PMID: 26823343. 4. Marusic U, Narici M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Ritzmann R. Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Jul 1;131(1):194-206. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2020. Epub 2021 Mar 11. PMID: 33703945; PMCID: PMC8325614. 5. Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Milanovic´ Z, Situlin R, Mearelli F, Vinci P, Šimunić B, Pišot R, Narici M and Biolo G (2021) The Aging Muscle in Experimental Bed Rest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Nutr. 8:633987. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633987. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 37 Neuromuscular impairment with chronic inactivity Marco Narici (1,5), Fabio Sarto (1), Elena Monti (1,2,3), Eugenia Motanova (1), Martino Franchi (1), Gil Scaglioni (3), Bostjan Simunič (5), Rado Pišot (5) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, (3) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; (4) INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche- Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France; (5) THURSDAY FEBRUARY 29, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy mailto:rado.pisot@zrs-kp.si European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 44 Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia. Email: marco.narici@unipd.it It is well established that chronic inactivity in humans induces a rapid decline in muscle size. The associated loss of muscle strength is far greater than that predicted by atrophy, particularly during the first two weeks of inactivity whereby the loss of muscle strength is about 2- fold greater than that of muscle size (Marušič et al. 2021). Clearly, additional factors, other than atrophy, must contribute to this disproportionate loss of muscle strength. Over the last 12 years increasing evidence of inactivity-induced neuropathological processes has been obtained (Sarto et al.2022, Monti et al. 2021, Inns et al. 2022, Demangel et al, Arentson-Lantz et al, Salanova et al. 2011) suggesting a role of these changes in the loss of muscle strength. Instability of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), axonal damage and motor unit denervation are found even after short-term periods (10- days) of bed rest or unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) and are supported by modified expression of genes involved in neuromuscular transmission and mitochondrial function. Functionally, these structural alterations are associated with changes in motor unit potential characteristics, impaired NMJ transmission properties, reduced motoneuron conduction velocity, reduced muscle force per unit area and excitation- contraction coupling. Further evidence of neuromuscular impairment is represented by a reduction in voluntary muscle activation capacity, changes in motor unit recruitment threshold and firing frequency together with an increase in the H-reflex to M-wave ratio, indicative of an increased motoneuron excitability probably due to decreased presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents. These neuromuscular alterations likely play a role in the loss of muscle strength induced by chronic inactivity in healthy humans, that is not accounted for by muscle atrophy. Key words: inactivity; neuromuscular junction; denervation; bed rest; immobilization, motor units References 1. Marusic U, Narici M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Ritzmann R. Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol. 2021 Jul 1;131(1):194-206. 2. Sarto F, Stashuk DW, Franchi MV, Monti E, Zampieri S, Valli G, Sirago G, Candia J, Hartnell LM, Paganini M, McPhee JS, De Vito G, Ferrucci L, Reggiani C, Narici MV. Effects of short-term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile. J Physiol. 2022 Nov;600(21):4731-4751. 3. Monti E, Reggiani C, Franchi MV, Toniolo L, Sandri M, Armani A, Zampieri S, Giacomello E, Sarto F, Sirago G, Murgia M, Nogara L, Marcucci L, Ciciliot S, Šimunic B, Pišot R, Narici MV. Neuromuscular junction instability and altered intracellular calcium handling as early determinants of force loss during unloading in humans. J Physiol. 2021 Jun;599(12):3037-3061. 4. Inns TB, Bass JJ, Hardy EJO, Wilkinson DJ, Stashuk DW, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Piasecki M. Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation. J Physiol. 2022 Nov;600(21):4753-4769. 5. Demangel R, Treffel L, Py G, Brioche T, Pagano AF, Bareille MP, Beck A, Pessemesse L, Candau R, Gharib C, Chopard A, Millet C. Early structural and functional signature of 3-day human skeletal muscle disuse using the dry immersion model. J Physiol. 2017 Jul 1;595(13):4301-4315. 6. Arentson-Lantz EJ, English KL, Paddon-Jones D, Fry CS. Fourteen days of bed rest induces a decline in satellite cell content and robust atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers in middle-aged adults. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016 Apr 15;120(8):965-75. 7. Salanova M, Bortoloso E, Schiffl G, Gutsmann M, Belavy DL, Felsenberg D, Furlan S, Volpe P, Blottner D. Expression and regulation of Homer in human skeletal muscle during neuromuscular junction adaptation to disuse and exercise. FASEB J. 2011 Dec;25(12):4312-25. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 38 Mononuclear resident cells and skeletal muscle homeostasis in disuse: an overview Roberto Bottinelli (1), Maira Rossi (1,2), Simone Porcelli (1), Cristiana Sazzi (1), Lorenza Brocca (1), Lorenzo Puri (2), Maria Antonietta Pellegrino (1) (1) Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia, Italy; (2) Development, Ageing and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA Email: roberto.bottinelli@unipv.it So far, most studies aiming to clarify the mechanisms underlying muscle deterioration following disuse have understandably focused on muscle fibers and intracellular pathways controlling muscle mass, metabolism, and redox balance. However, a clear and comprehensive explanation of why loss of muscle mass and force occurs is still lacking. Recently, it has been understood that, although satellite cells are the stem cells which do repair and regenerate skeletal muscle fibers, other resident mononuclear cell populations (i.e., Fibro- Adipogenic Progenitors (FAPs), endothelial cells, mailto:marco.narici@unipd.it mailto:roberto.bottinelli@unipv.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 45 immune cells, pericytes, tenocytes, glial cells, and Schwann cells) could play important roles not only in regeneration, but also in normal muscle homeostasis in conditions such as disuse and ageing (1). Among such cells, FAPs attracted most attention so far as a pivotal cell type that coordinates the activity of other muscle resident cell types, in response to homeostatic perturbations, via heterotypic interactions (5). While originally identified as interstitial muscle resident cells endowed with an inducible lineage bipotency, supporting either skeletal muscle regeneration or fibro-adipogenic degeneration (2, 4), subsequent studies have revealed a further functional heterogeneity. In particular, a growing amount of evidence is pointing to FAPs as mediators of muscle atrophy in response to denervation and ageing, possibly through interactions with neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and NMJ-associated glial cells (3). The potential role of FAPS cells and other mononuclear cell populations in normal muscle homeostasis and in disuse will be discussed. Key words: disuse; mononuclear cell populations; muscle homeostasis. References 1. Farup J, Madaro L, Puri PL, Mikkelsen UR. Interactions between muscle stem cells, mesenchymal-derived cells and immune cells in muscle homeostasis, regeneration and disease. Cell Death Dis. 2015 Jul 23;6(7):e1830. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2015.198. PMID: 26203859; PMCID: PMC4650743. 2. Joe AW, Yi L, Natarajan A, Le Grand F, So L, Wang J, Rudnicki MA, Rossi FM. Muscle injury activates resident fibro/adipogenic progenitors that facilitate myogenesis. Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;12(2):153-63. doi: 10.1038/ncb2015. Epub 2010 Jan 17. PMID: 20081841; PMCID: PMC4580288. 3. Nicoletti C, Wei X, Etxaniz U, D'Ercole C, Madaro L, Perera R, Puri PL. Muscle denervation promotes functional interactions between glial and mesenchymal cells through NGFR and NGF. iScience. 2023 Jun 13;26(7):107114. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107114. PMID: 37416457; PMCID: PMC10319848. 4. Uezumi A, Ikemoto-Uezumi M, Zhou H, Kurosawa T, Yoshimoto Y, Nakatani M, Hitachi K, Yamaguchi H, Wakatsuki S, Araki T, Morita M, Yamada H, Toyoda M, Kanazawa N, Nakazawa T, Hino J, Fukada SI, Tsuchida K. Mesenchymal Bmp3b expression maintains skeletal muscle integrity and decreases in age-related sarcopenia. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jan 4;131(1):e139617. doi: 10.1172/JCI139617. PMID: 33170806; PMCID: PMC7773381. 5. Wei X, Nicoletti C, and Puri PL. Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors: Versatile keepers of skeletal muscle homeostasis, beyond the response to myotrauma. Semin Cell Dev Biol 119: 23-31, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.013 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 29 - Abstract 39 Skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism following disuse/microgravity: where are the bottlenecks? Bruno Grassi, Giovanni Baldassarre, Lucrezia Zuccarelli. Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. E-mail: bruno.grassi@uniud.it Bed rest studies offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of prolonged muscle disuse and unloading, conditions experienced by bedridden patients with injuries and chronic diseases or by astronauts exposed to microgravity during spaceflight missions. Exposure to microgravity/disuse leads to impairment of oxidative metabolism, the main energy source for exercise or work activities lasting longer than 1–2 min. The impairment of oxidative metabolism during exercise is usually identified and quantified in terms of decreases in maximal or “peak” O2 consumption. However, the sites or functions responsible for this impairment are still debated. Whereas cardiovascular impairments, mainly represented by a decreased peak cardiac output, have been well described, also by our group (Baldassarre et al. 2022), peripheral (microvascular and mitochondrial) impairments appear to be more complex and somehow less defined. According to recent studies by our group (Zuccarelli et al. 2021, Baldassarre et al. 2022)1,2, following a relatively short (10 days) period of horizontal bed rest, in young healthy males the main peripheral limitations to oxidative metabolism are “upstream” of mitochondrial function, i.e. at the level of microvascular O2 delivery. Substantial impairments were indeed observed for biomarkers of microvascular/endothelial function, which is nowadays considered to be crucial in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as the COVID- 19 infection, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and others. These biomarkers were obtained by determining, by Echo-Doppler, the blood flow increase in the common femoral artery during passive leg movements of one limb (Zuccarelli et al. 2021). 1 Evidence suggesting a transiently (at the onset of exercise) impaired intramuscular matching between O2 delivery and O2 uptake was also observed (Zuccarelli et al. 2021).1 This matching, in which a crucial role is played by nitric oxide availability, is also of critical importance, considering the gross anatomical and functional disparities between neuromuscular and microvascular “units”. A transient mailto:bruno.grassi@uniud.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 46 intramuscular mismatch between O2 delivery and O2 uptake was observed by our group also following bed rest exposures of longer duration, such as 21 (Salvadego et al. 2018)3 or 35 days (Porcelli et al. 2010).4 On the other hand, following a 10-day bed rest mitochondrial content and maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration, determined ex vivo by high- resolution respirometry of permeabilized vastus lateralis muscle fibers obtained by biopsy, were unaffected (Zuccarelli et al. 2021).1 Evidence of improvements of mitochondrial function (such as an enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP]) was described. An unchanged function of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism was also confirmed by a biomarker obtained in vivo (muscle O2 uptake recovery kinetics, determined by near-infrared spectroscopy and the “repeated occlusions” method [Zuccarelli et al. 2021]).1 At least in functional terms, therefore, mitochondria seem to be relatively resilient to the negative consequences of short-term microgravity/disuse. “Functional terms” is specified in the previous sentence since, according to data obtained by other groups in the same bed rest campaign, a substantial impairment of the “transcriptome” of mitochondrial genes occurs as early as after 5 days of bed rest. In other terms, changes at the level of the transcriptome may become evident before functional changes are observed. The scenario could be different following a more prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity (21 days), a condition in which both respirometric (Salvadego et al. 2018)3 and proteomic data suggest altered mitochondrial function and structure. Functional data dealing with longer exposures to microgravity/disuse, dealing specifically with females, older subjects, as well as data specifically investigating the interindividual variability of the responses (ideally allowing to identify biomarkers of individuals less susceptible to the impairments) should represent the objective of future studies. Key words: microgravity; disuse; skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism; mitochondrial respiration, microvascular/endothelial function. References 1. Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. J Physiol. 2021 Nov; 599(21):4813-4829. doi: 10.1113/JP281800. 2021 Sep 28. PMID: 34505290. 2. Baldassarre G, Zuccarelli L, Manferdelli G, Manfredini V, Marzorati M, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Decrease in work rate in order to keep a constant heart rate: biomarker of exercise intolerance following a 10-day bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Jun 1; 132(6):1569-1579. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00052.2022. PMID: 35511721. 3. Salvadego D, Keramidas ME, Kölegård R, Brocca L, Lazzer S, Mavelli I, Rittweger J, Eiken O, Mekjavic IB, Grassi B. PlanHab*: hypoxia does not worsen the impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative function induced by bed rest alone. J Physiol. 2018 Aug; 596(15):3341-3355. doi: 10.1113/JP275605. 2018 Apr 17. PMID: 29665013. 4. Porcelli S, Marzorati M, Lanfranconi F, Vago P, Pisot R, Grassi B. Role of skeletal muscles impairment and brain oxygenation in limiting oxidative metabolism during exercise after bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Jul; 109(1):101-11. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00782.2009. PMID: 20395541. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 40 Muscle sparing effect of high-protein diet with excess leucine in short-term bed rest Gianni Biolo Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, Italy Email: Gianni.biolo@units.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 29 - Abstract 41 Physical activity and mitochondria. Challenging the paradigm Marta Murgia (1,2), Stefano Schiaffino (1), Carlo Reggiano (1), Roberto Bottinelli (3), Marco V. Narici (1), Joerne Tittweger (4) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; (3) Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy; (4) German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany E-mail: marta.murgia@unipd.it We applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics to the analysis of muscle biopsies of two astronauts who spent six months on the International Space Station and had very different levels of physical activity while on board. The two astronauts lost over 20% of fiber cross-sectional mailto:Gianni.biolo@units.it mailto:marta.murgia@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 47 area during the mission and displayed consistent loss of strength after landing, despite onboard physical activity. We asked whether, the absence of gravity and weight- load in space causes the same remodeling as inactivity on Earth in skeletal muscle. We thus analyzed in parallel by mass spectrometry-based proteomics the skeletal muscle of ten healthy volunteers who spent 10 full days in bed, developing significant muscle atrophy. We added mechanistic detail by performing single fiber proteomics, to obtain a fiber type- resolved analysis of the effects of inactivity. Our analysis quantified over 70% of all proteins annotated to the mitochondrion. The two atrophy-inducing conditions, spaceflight and bed rest had distinct effects on the mitochondrial proteome, which I will detail in my presentation. Keywords: proteomics; muscle fibers; mitochondria; astronauts. References 1. Signatures of muscle disuse in spaceflight and bed rest revealed by single muscle fiber proteomics. Murgia M, Ciciliot S, Nagaraj N, Reggiani C, Schiaffino S, Franchi MV, Pišot R, Šimunič B, Toniolo L, Blaauw B, Sandri M, Biolo G, Flück M, Narici MV, Mann M. PNAS Nexus. 2022 2. Protein profile of fiber types in human skeletal muscle: a single-fiber proteomics study. Murgia M, Nogara L, Baraldo M, Reggiani C, Mann M, Schiaffino S. Skelet Muscle. 2021 3. Sarcolab pilot study into skeletal muscle's adaptation to long-term spaceflight. Rittweger J, Albracht K, Flück M, Ruoss S, Brocca L, Longa E, Moriggi M, Seynnes O, Di Giulio I, Tenori L, Vignoli A, Capri M, Gelfi C, Luchinat C, Francheschi C, Bottinelli R, Cerretelli P, Narici M. NPJ Microgravity. 2018 Sep 17;4:18 4. Single muscle fiber proteomics reveals unexpected mitochondrial specialization. Murgia M, Nagaraj N, Deshmukh AS, Zeiler M, Cancellara P, Moretti I, Reggiani C, Schiaffino S, Mann M. EMBO Rep. 2015 Mar;16(3):387-95 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 29 - Abstract 42 Sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to submaximal [ADP] after bed rest: a new approach based upon different mitochondrial populations. Lucrezia Zuccarelli (1), Maria De Martino (1), Antonio Filippi (1), Alice E. Knapton (2), Benjamin D. Thackray (2), Giovanni Baldassarre (1), Boštjan Šimunič (3), Rado Pišot (3), Giuseppe Sirago (4), Elena Monti (4), Marco Narici (4), Miriam Isola (1), Andrew J. Murray (2), Giovanna Lippe (1), Bruno Grassi (1) (1) Department of Medicine, University, of Udine, Udine, Italy; (2) Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University, of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; (3) Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research centre, Koper, Slovenia; (4) Department of Biomedical Science, University, of Padova, Padova, Italy E-mail: lucrezia.zuccarelli@uniud.it We recently demonstrated that a 10-day exposure to inactivity/microgravity (bed rest, BR) determined impairments of peak oxygen uptake and microvascular/endothelial functions,1,2 whereas maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (JO2max) ex vivo was unaffected.1 Aim of the study was to evaluate mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP] by a new approach aimed at identifying different mitochondrial populations. Isolated permeabilized vastus lateralis fibers were analyzed by high-resolution respirometry in 9 young males before and after a 10-day BR.3 We applied to JO2 vs. [ADP] a traditional Michaelis-Menten kinetics equation, and calculated the apparent Km and maximal respiration (Vmax), and two “sequential” hyperbolic equations, yielding two Km and Vmax values. Isoform expression of myosin heavy chains (MyHC) 1, 2A and 2X was determined. The two hyperbolic equations improved the fitting and identified two distinct phases of JO2 vs. [ADP]: a first phase with low Vmax (28±10 pmol/s/mg) and apparent Km (62±54 μM), and a second phase with high Vmax (61±16 pmol/s/mg) and Km (1784±833 μM). [ADP] at 50% JO2max showed a trend to decrease after BR, suggesting a greater sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to submaximal [ADP]. Data were confirmed in control experiments carried out in rat muscle samples with different percentages of MyHC isoforms. Correlation and receiver operating characteristics analyses suggest that the two mitochondrial populations, responsible for the two phases of JO2 vs. [ADP], were related to the % of MyHC isoforms. Funding: ASI, MARS-PRE Project, PRIN n. DC-VUM- 2017-006 Key words: bed rest; mitochondrial respiration; ADP- sensitivity. References 1. Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. J Physiol. 2021 Nov;599(21):4813-4829. doi: 10.1113/JP281800. Epub 2021 Sep 28. PMID: 34505290; PMCID: PMC9293208. mailto:lucrezia.zuccarelli@uniud.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 48 2. Baldassarre G, Zuccarelli L, Manferdelli G, Manfredini V, Marzorati M, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Decrease in work rate in order to keep a constant heart rate: biomarker of exercise intolerance following a 10-day bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Jun 1;132(6):1569-1579. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00052.2022. Epub 2022 May 5. PMID: 35511721. 3. Pesta D, Gnaiger E. High-resolution respirometry: OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibers from small biopsies of human muscle. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;810:25-58. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-382-0_3. PMID: 22057559. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 29 - Abstract 43 Mitochondrial and neuromuscular junction alterations with chronic inactivity in humans Evgeniia Motanova (1), Samuele Negro (1), Maria Eugenia Soriano (2), Marco Pirazzini (1), Ornella Rossetto (1), Marco V. Narici (1). (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua; (2) Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy Email: evgeniia.motanova@phd.unipd.it Inactivity leads to significant alterations in both mitochondrial function and the stability of the neuromuscular junction (the NMJ). Studies emphasize the adverse effects of disuse on mitochondrial electron transport chain capacity and mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to impaired energy production and cellular homeostasis in skeletal muscle (Hyatt et al., 2019). Concurrently, research underscores the vulnerability of the NMJ to inactivity, leading to instability and potential dysfunction in motor neuron-muscle fiber communication (Sarto et al., 2022). It has been shown that just 3-days of dry immersion provoke reduction in ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (Popov et al., 2023) and induce early denervation (Demangel et al., 2017). The following study was dedicated to investigating the causes of mitochondrial functional impairment in chronic inactivity by analyzing mitochondrial respiratory complexes and supercomplexes, along with mitochondrial dynamics. Another focus of our study was the assessment of morphological alterations of human NMJ with chronic inactivity. For this, 9 young participants and 10 older participants underwent 21-day and 10-day bedrest, respectively, with a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy obtained before and after the bedrest period. Analyses of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and supercomplexes formation by Blue native PAGE, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fission/fusion protein content by SDS-PAGE are currently in progress, along with the ongoing analysis of NMJ morphological alterations by immunochemical staining. Seven samples from older individuals tested positive for the presence of NMJs before bedrest, and nine samples tested positive after the bedrest period, with six samples coinciding both before and after. The results obtained will help to unravel the mechanism underlying the impairment of the neuromuscular system induced by chronic inactivity in humans. Key words: inactivity; mitochondria; electron transport chain; neuromuscular junctions. References 1. Hyatt H, Deminice R, Yoshihara T, Powers SK. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces muscle atrophy during prolonged inactivity: A review of the causes and effects. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2019 Feb 15;662:49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.005. Epub 2018 Nov 16. PMID: 30452895; PMCID: PMC6783132. 2. Sarto F, Stashuk DW, Franchi MV, Monti E, Zampieri S, Valli G, Sirago G, Candia J, Hartnell LM, Paganini M, McPhee JS, De Vito G, Ferrucci L, Reggiani C, Narici MV. Effects of short-term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile. J Physiol. 2022 Nov;600(21):4731-4751. doi: 10.1113/JP283381. Epub 2022 Sep 27. PMID: 36071599; PMCID: PMC9828768. 3. Popov DV, Makhnovskii PA, Zgoda VG, Gazizova GR, Vepkhvadze TF, Lednev EM, Motanova ES, Lysenko EA, Orlov OI, Tomilovskaya ES. Rapid changes in transcriptomic profile and mitochondrial function in human soleus muscle after 3-day dry immersion. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 May 1;134(5):1256-1264. doi: Representative motor unit potential following a period of disuse obtained from EMG recordings. mailto:evgeniia.motanova@phd.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 49 10.1152/japplphysiol.00048.2023. Epub 2023 Apr 13. PMID: 37055032. 4. Demangel R, Treffel L, Py G, Brioche T, Pagano AF, Bareille MP, Beck A, Pessemesse L, Candau R, Gharib C, Chopard A, Millet C. Early structural and functional signature of 3-day human skeletal muscle disuse using the dry immersion model. J Physiol. 2017 Jul 1;595(13):4301-4315. doi: 10.1113/JP273895. Epub 2017 Apr 23. PMID: 28326563; PMCID: PMC5491890 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 Febbraio 29 - Abstract 44 Motor unit properties alterations with chronic inactivity in young and older humans Fabio Sarto (1), Daniel Stashuk (2), Matteo Paganini (1), Jamie S. McPhee (3), Marco V. Narici (1) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, of the University of Padua; (2) Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; (3) Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom E-mail: fabio.sarto.2@phd.unipd.it Periods of disuse lead to rapid and marked decreases in muscle mass and force.1 Interestingly, the reported loss of muscle force largely exceeds that of muscle size, suggesting an impairment in the intrinsic capacity of force production.2 Although a clear and exhaustive explanation of this phenomenon is still lacking, there is growing evidence that neuromuscular impairment is a key player in this scenario.3,4 In this lecture, observations from intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) recordings providing new insights into the mechanisms of the neuromuscular alterations induced by different disuse models shall be presented.5 The findings that will be presented strongly suggest that even brief periods of disuse induce alterations in motor unit properties, such as increased motor unit potential complexity and decreased motoneuron firing rate. The differential adaptations of young and older adults in response to muscle disuse shall also be discussed. Key words: muscle weakness; electromyography; motor unit; neuromuscular junction; myofibre denervation. References 1. Narici MV, de Boer MD. Disuse of the musculo- skeletal system in space and on earth. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Mar;111(3):403-20. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1556-x. Epub 2010 Jul 9. PMID: 20617334. 2. Marusic U, Narici M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Ritzmann R. Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Jul 1;131(1):194-206. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2020. Epub 2021 Mar 11. PMID: 33703945; PMCID: PMC8325614. 3. Demangel R, Treffel L, Py G, Brioche T, Pagano AF, Bareille MP, Beck A, Pessemesse L, Candau R, Gharib C, Chopard A, Millet C. Early structural and functional signature of 3-day human skeletal muscle disuse using the dry immersion model. J Physiol. 2017 Jul 1;595(13):4301-4315. doi: 10.1113/JP273895. Epub 2017 Apr 23. PMID: 28326563; PMCID: PMC5491890. 4. Monti E, Reggiani C, Franchi MV, Toniolo L, Sandri M, Armani A, Zampieri S, Giacomello E, Sarto F, Sirago G, Murgia M, Nogara L, Marcucci L, Ciciliot S, Šimunic B, Pišot R, Narici MV. Neuromuscular junction instability and altered intracellular calcium handling as early determinants of force loss during unloading in humans. J Physiol. 2021 Jun;599(12):3037-3061. doi: 10.1113/JP281365. Epub 2021 May 19. PMID: 33881176; PMCID: PMC8359852. 5. Sarto F, Stashuk DW, Franchi MV, Monti E, Zampieri S, Valli G, Sirago G, Candia J, Hartnell LM, Paganini M, McPhee JS, De Vito G, Ferrucci L, Reggiani C, Narici MV. Effects of short-term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile. J Physiol. 2022 Nov;600(21):4731-4751. doi: 10.1113/JP283381. Epub 2022 Sep 27. PMID: 36071599; PMCID: PMC9828768. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** Representative images of human neuromuscular junctions: (Up) older, (Down) young. mailto:fabio.sarto.2@phd.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 50 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 45 Sensorimotor adaptations during bed rest: insights from high-density electroencephalography Uros Marusic (1), Manca Peskar (1), Thorben Hülsdünker (2), Tisa Hodnik (1), Tjaša Ocvirk (1), Marco Narici (1,3), Boštjan Šimunič (1), Rado Pišot (1). (1) Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia; (2) Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg; (3) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: uros.marusic@zrs-kp.si Prolonged periods of complete physical inactivity, such as bed rest, lead to various functional and metabolic changes in the human body (Pisot et al., 2016). However, the adaptations of the central nervous system to bed rest are less known and have been insufficiently explored (Marusic et al., 2014; Marusic et al., 2021). This study focuses on the potential changes in visual perception/processing and visuomotor responses due to reduced exposure to various visual and physical stimuli during prolonged bed rest. Using the established paradigm of pattern reversal and motion onset stimuli (Hulsdunker et al., 2017), the aim is to investigate how these cognitive processes adapt to the reduced sensory and motor experiences associated with prolonged periods of inactivity. Specifically, the study will examine electrophysiological changes in the brain using event-related potentials (ERPs) after 10 days of horizontal bed rest to gain insights into the neural dynamics of sensory and motor adaptations under these conditions. Nine healthy young and ten older adult men were included in this study. The EEG/ERP assessment protocol was adapted according to Hulsdunker et al. (2017), with measurements taken before and after bed rest. Results are presented at two levels: i) behavioural results with reaction times for the upper and lower limbs and ii) at the ERP level, where the pattern reversal paradigm is compared to movement onset. This research highlights the importance of understanding the neural mechanisms underlying sensorimotor adaptations to prolonged periods of physical inactivity in young and older adults. Key words: brain adaptations: hdEEG; physical inactivity; ageing; hospitalization, bedrest. References 1. Pišot R, Marusic U, Biolo G, Mazzucco S, Lazzer S, Grassi B, Reggiani C, Toniolo L, di Prampero PE, Passaro A, Narici M, Mohammed S, Rittweger J, Gasparini M, Gabrijelčič Blenkuš M, Šimunič B. Greater loss in muscle mass and function but smaller metabolic alterations in older compared with younger men following 2 wk of bed rest and recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016 Apr 15;120(8):922-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00858.2015. Epub 2016 Jan 28. PMID: 26823343. 2. Marušič U, Meeusen R, Pišot R, Kavcic V. The brain in micro- and hypergravity: the effects of changing gravity on the brain electrocortical activity. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(8):813-22. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.908959. Epub 2014 Apr 15. PMID: 24734884. 3. Marušič, U., Pišot, R., & Kavcic, V. (2021). Higher neural demands on stimulus processing after prolonged hospitalization can be mitigated by a cognitively stimulating environment. Psihološka obzorja, 30, 55-61. 4. Hülsdünker T, Strüder HK, Mierau A. Visual Motion Processing Subserves Faster Visuomotor Reaction in Badminton Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jun;49(6):1097-1110. doi: 10.1249/MSS. 0000000000001198. PMID: 28072633. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 46 Effect of prolonged bed rest on brain functional connectivity measured with high-density electroencephalography Marco Marino, et al. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: marco.marino@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 47 The relevance of Tensiomyographic results in disuse studies Boštjan Šimunič, Hans Degens, Jörn Rittweger, Marco V Narici, Rado Pišot Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia Email: Bostjan.Simunic@zrs-kp.si Tensiomyographic (TMG) delay, contraction and half- relaxaion time correlate with the proportion of myosin heavy chain I proportion,1 and TMG amplitude correlates with muscle atrophy after disuse.2 Moreover, the increase in TMG amplitude precedes a decrease in muscle diameter,3 which is of great clinical importance for older adults undergoing periods of disuse, as they have mailto:uros.marusic@zrs-kp.si mailto:marco.marino@unipd.it mailto:Bostjan.Simunic@zrs-kp.si European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 51 difficulty recovering afterwards.4 Although a clear and exhaustive explanation of TMG changes after disuese is still pending, there is evidence that TMG amplitude increases in all muscles studied after bed rest, with no change in contraction time for the postural muscles, while the contraction time of the non-postural biceps femoris is prolonged.2,3 We will compare the changes in skeletal muscle's TMG-derived contractile properties alterations after bed rest and dry immersion studies. In addition, we will show different changes in younger and older men in bed rest studies, while we will show different changes in men and women in dry immersion studies. It appears that age and type of disues affect TMG-derived skeletal muscle contractile parameters differently. Key words: Skeletal muscle; Atrophy; Tensiomyography, Bed rest; Dry immersion References 1. Šimunič, B, Degens, H., Rittweger, J, Narici, MV, Mekjavić, IB, Pišot, Rado. Noninvasive estimation of myosin heavy chain composition in human skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011; 43(9):1619-25. PMID: 21552151. 2. Pišot, R, Narici, MV, Šimunič, B, De Boer, M, Seynnes, O, Jurdana, M, Biolo, G, Mekjavić, IB. Whole muscle contractile parameters and thickness loss during 35-day bed rest. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008; 104(2):409-14. PMID: 18297302. 3. Šimunič, B, Koren, K, Rittweger, J, Lazzer, S, Reggiani, C, Rejc, E, Pišot, R, Narici, MV, Degens, H. Tensiomyography detects early hallmarks of bed- rest-induced atrophy before changes in muscle architecture. J Appl Physiol. 2019; 126(4):815-22. PMID: 30676871. 4. Pišot, R, Marušič, U, Biolo, G, Mazzucco, S, Lazzer, S, Grassi, B, Reggiani, C, Toniolo, L, di Prampero, PE, Passaro, A, Narici, MV, Mohammed, S, Rittweger, J, Gasparini, M, Gabrijelčič Blenkuš, M, Šimunič, B. Greater loss in muscle mass and function but smaller metabolic alterations in older compared with younger men following 2 wk of bed rest and recovery. J Appl Physiol. 2016; 120(8):922-9. PMID: 26823343. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 48 Previous muscle disuse influences the physiological adaptations to exercise recovery Martino Franchi, et al. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy Email: martino.franchi@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 49 Effects of disuse and retraining on oxygen diffusion and oxidative capacity at skeletal muscle level Simone Porcelli, et al. Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia, Italy Email: simone.porcelli@unipv.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 50 Neuromodulatory contribution to lower limb muscle force production after short-term unloading and active recovery Giovanni Martino, et al. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: giovanni.martino@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 51 Synergistic impact of physical exercise and ketogenic diet on human health Antonio Paoli (1,2) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain. Email: antonio.paoli@unipd.it The pursuit of optimal health involves multifaceted strategies, and the two main lifestyle interventions are diet and physical exercise (PE). Whilst the general contribution of physical exercise and correct nutrition is widely accepted, there is still a debate about the role of different variables of PE; whilst regarding nutrition there is a general consensus about the health’s positive effects of Mediterranean Diet. More controversial is the role of ketogenic diet (KD) on health outcomes. Interestingly, while both interventions (PE and KD) have individually demonstrated significant health benefits, there is a lack of data about the effects of a combination of KD and PE. The ketogenic diet, characterized by very low carbohydrate intake and increased reliance on fat metabolism, is characterized by a peculiar metabolic state named ketosis. This dietary approach has demonstrated mailto:martino.franchi@unipd.it mailto:simone.porcelli@unipv.it mailto:giovanni.martino@unipd.it mailto:antonio.paoli@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 52 positive effects on metabolic health, including improved insulin sensitivity and weight management (1). Likewise, physical exercise exerts the same effects and, moreover, influences metabolic flexibility i.e. the ability to efficiently switch between different energy substrates. An improved metabolic flexibility is particularly relevant in the context of a ketogenic diet, where the primary energy source shifts from carbohydrates to fats. Both exercise and the ketogenic diet influence mitochondrial function. Exercise (in particular exercise intensity) enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and efficiency (2), while ketones derived from the ketogenic diet are a preferred fuel for mitochondrial respiration (3). The synergy between exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations and the availability of ketones may amplify the overall efficiency of cellular energy production, contributing to improved health outcomes. Cognitive function is a crucial aspect of overall health, and both exercise and the ketogenic diet have been independently associated with cognitive benefits. Exercise increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein crucial for neuroplasticity and cognitive function. Ketones, particularly β-hydroxybutyrate, exhibit neuroprotective effects and may enhance cognitive performance (3). The combined impact of elevated BDNF levels from exercise and the neuroprotective effects of ketones could provide synergistic cognitive benefits (4). Whilst, intuitively the KD’s metabolic characteristic may suggest a negative effects on skeletal muscle, recent research (4) demonstrated that ketone bodies can attenuate muscle wasting in model of atrophy (5) and that a well-designed KD can improve metabolism, reduces body fat without any negative effects on muscle mass and function (4). In conclusion, the collaboration between exercise and the ketogenic diet presents a synergistic approach to enhancing human health. The combined impact on metabolic flexibility, mitochondrial function, cognitive benefits, and skeletal muscle health suggests a comprehensive strategy for those seeking optimal well-being. As research in this field continues to unfold, a nuanced understanding of individual responses and considerations will be crucial in harnessing the full potential of this synergistic lifestyle intervention. KeyWords: Ketogenic diet; Resistance Training; BDNF; Mitochondria; Ketone bodies References 1. Paoli A, Rubini A, Volek JS, Grimaldi KA. Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very- low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;67(8):789-96. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.116. Epub 2013 Jun 26. Erratum in: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;68(5):641. 2. MacInnis MJ, Skelly LE, Gibala MJ. CrossTalk proposal: Exercise training intensity is more important than volume to promote increases in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. J Physiol. 2019 Aug;597(16):4111-4113. doi: 10.1113/JP277633. 3. Paoli A, Tinsley GM, Mattson MP, De Vivo I, Shawan R, Moro T. Common and divergent molecular mechanisms of fasting and ketogenic diets. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Oct; doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.001. 4. Paoli A, Cenci L, Pompei P, Sahin N, Bianco A, Neri M, Caprio M, Moro T. Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive Natural Body Builders. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 26;13(2):374. doi: 10.3390/nu1302037. 5. Koutnik AP, Poff AM, Ward NP, DeBlasi JM, Soliven MA, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Fox CD, Roberts MD, D'Agostino DP. Ketone Bodies Attenuate Wasting in Models of Atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020 Aug;11(4):973-996. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.1255. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 52 Optimizing Home Full-Body in-Bed Gym Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Ugo Carraro (2,3,4), Barbara Ravara (2,3,4), Walter Giurati (2), Allegra Caregnato (1), Alessandra Carriero (1), Giacomo Casellato (1), Claudia Finamoni (1), Rossella Jirillo (1), Olena Laskova (1), Elena Marigo (1), Daniela Yolanda Sánchez (1), Irene Seno (1), Chiara Venturin (1), Hillary Veronese (1), Gianluca Regazzo (1), Stefano Masiero (1,5) (1) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) CIR-Myo-Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (4) A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy; (5) Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. Email: mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it Muscle loss in the elderly significantly impacts overall health and independence. Sedentary lifestyles can lead to extended hospital stays and related complications. Physical activities conducted in hospital and community settings have been shown to improve physical functionality. This study addresses issues elderly individuals face in hospital settings, proposing the Full- Body in-Bed Gym protocol, a home-based exercise mailto:mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 53 program comprising ten exercises, thrice a week, over two months. The main aim was to evaluate the program's effects on the quality of life and pain perception of elderly individuals. We conducted a prospective, observational, single-arm study between September 2022 and October 2023, enrolling elderly subjects of both genders, aged 65 and older, previously sedentary. Evaluation parameters included gender, age, weight, height, Body Mass Index, and pain perception evaluated through the Numerical Rating Scale. In addition, the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire was administered, divided into physical component (PCS) and mental component (MCS), to measure the patient's perceived physical health and psychological well-being. The F-Sarc questionnaire was also administered to assess the main aspects of sarcopenia consequences. Each assessment was conducted before the exercise program began (t0) and at the end of the two-month program (t1). At the end of the exercise program, a Likert questionnaire was administered to assess patient satisfaction. A total of 22 subjects, with a mean age of 71.90 years, were included. After two months of the Full-Body in-Bed Gym, SF-12 PCS trended towards improvement (p = 0.07) and SF-12 MCS significantly improved (p = 0.04). Pain perception decreased significantly (p = 0.03), while SARC-F scores showed no substantial change (p = 0.6). The treatment satisfaction assessment revealed a mean score of 37.78. Our study indicates that the implementation of an in-bed exercise regimen has a positive influence on multiple aspects of well-being among sedentary elderly individuals. In particular, it demonstrates a significant improvement in pain perception and quality of life. By alleviating pain and enhancing overall quality of life, these programs have the potential to promote not only physical, but also mental health, thereby supporting a more independent lifestyle in the elderly population. Key words: rehabilitation; elderly; physical exercise; sarcopenia. References 1. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Effects of the Full-Body in-Bed Gym program on quality of life, pain and risk of sarcopenia in elderly sedentary individuals: preliminary positive results of a Padua prospective observational study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Sep 26;33(3):11780. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11780. PMID: 37753778; PMCID: PMC10583150. 2. Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full-Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Jun 23;33(2):11525. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11525. PMID: 37358234; PMCID: PMC10388607 3. Carraro U, Marcante A, Ravara B, Albertin G, Maccarone MC, Piccione F, Kern H, Masiero S. Skeletal muscle weakness in older adults home- restricted due to COVID-19 pandemic: a role for full-body in-bed gym and functional electrical stimulation. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Jul;33(7):2053-2059. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021- 01885-0. Epub 2021 May 28. PMID: 34047931; PMCID: PMC8160559. 4. Carraro U, Albertin G, Martini A, Giuriati W, Guidolin D, Masiero S, Kern H, Hofer C, Marcante A, Ravara B. To contrast and reverse skeletal muscle weakness by Full-Body In-Bed Gym in chronic COVID-19 pandemic syndrome. Eur J Transl Myol. 2021 Mar 26;31(1):9641. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9641. PMID: 33709653; PMCID: PMC8056156. 5. Carraro U, Gava K, Musumeci A, Baba A, Piccione F, Marcante A. Safe Antiaging Full-Body In-Bed From left to right the Panels 1, 2 and 3 show the 14 exercises that are a routine that could be a seasonal warm up also for active persons, i. e, those able to make at least 10 consecutive push-ups (Panel 3, Exercise 15). The cardiovascular responses to a challenging series of trainings are exemplified in Panel 4: Arterial pressure and cardiac frequency before and after 10 minutes of Full-Body in-Bed Gym (20 repetitions of each exercise, including push-up) during seven consecutive days (November 8 to 14, 2016). Mean +/- SD. The workout induces an increase of blood perfusion of all the body skeletal muscles.4 Reproduced with permission from Ravara et al.1 For a video of the sets of exercises link to: https://youtu.be/pcHKmxCLYFs). https://youtu.be/pcHKmxCLYFs European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 54 Gym and FES for Lazy Persons: Home In-Bed Exercises for Fighting Muscle Weakness in Advanced Age. In: Rehabilitation Medicine for Elderly Patients, Masiero S, Carraro U, Eds., 2018; pag. 43-52. ISBN 978-3-319-57405-9 ISBN 978-3- 319-57406-6 (eBook). doi 10.1007/978-3-319- 57406-6. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 53 Cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular adaptations induced by strength training and low-volume, high- intensity aerobic training in untrained young people Paulo Gentil College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil Email: paulogentil@gmail.com 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 54 Effects of high intensity vs. continuous interval training on cardiac autonomic modulation of hypertensive women Paulo Gentil College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil Email: paulogentil@gmail.com 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 55 βeta-endorphin levels following acute physical exercise in young and middle-aged adults Ester Tommasini (1,2), Luigi Marano (1,2), Paola Vago (1,2), Claudio Pecci (3), Ermanno Rampinini (3,4), Andrea Bosio (3), Andrea Morelli (3), Daniela Tavian (1,2), Sara Missaglia (1,2) (1) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy. (2) Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy. (3) Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA), Italy. (4) Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia. E-mail: ester.tommasini@unicatt.it A large and growing body of literature has explored the impact of physical exercise (PE) on human health, shedding light on its crucial role for brain health.1 Recent research suggests βeta-endorphin (βE) as a promising candidate for mediating the exercise-induced stimulation of neurogenesis.2 Moreover, PE can elevate the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), further promoting the process of neurogenesis.3 To date, few studies have analysed age-related differences in βE secretion following acute PE and no study has investigated its association with BDNF in humans. The purposes of this study were to examine the exercise- induced changes in βE release in two age groups of healthy adult males and to explore potential correlations between βE and BDNF. Thirty-four participants (22 young adults, YA: age, 24.6±3.5 yrs; BMI, 23.2±2.3 kg/m2; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), 49±9.8 ml/kg/min and 12 middle-aged adults, MA: age, 54.6±5.7 yrs; BMI, 23.4±2.2 kg/m2; V̇O2peak, 44.8±5.1 l/kg/min), underwent an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Respiratory gases were measured breath-by- breath using a metabolic cart and venous blood samples were collected before the exercise, 15 min, and 24 h post- exercise. Serum levels of βE and BDNF were measured using ELISA kits. Data were analysed with the Mann- Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman's correlation. βE levels exhibited a significant increase from baseline (YA: 176±21.2 pg/ml; MA: 152.1±21 pg/ml) to 15 post-exercise (YA: 211.7±30.8 pg/ml, p<0.001; MA: 187.2±33.5 pg/ml, p<0.01), followed by a significant decline from 15 min to 24 h post-exercise (YA: 180.2±23.7 pg/ml, p<0.001; MA: 155.7±23 pg/ml, p<0.01). βE concentration before and at 24 h post- exercise was higher in YA than MA (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). However, no significant differences between groups were found at 15 min post-exercise. For all time points evaluated, no correlation was observed between serum βE and BDNF levels (p>0.05). Serum BDNF levels have been previously reported. Despite the impact of chronological aging on circulating βE levels, our findings demonstrate that acute PE can induce an immediate increase in βE levels in both YA and MA. The lack of correlation between βE and BDNF suggests that these two molecules might independently contribute to the neurogenic effects of PE on the human brain. Key words: βeta-endorphin; BDNF; acute physical exercise; serum; neurogenesis. References 1. Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF. Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and mailto:paulogentil@gmail.com mailto:paulogentil@gmail.com mailto:ester.tommasini@unicatt.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 55 cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jan;9(1):58-65. doi: 10.1038/nrn2298. PMID: 18094706. 2. Schoenfeld TJ, Swanson C. A Runner's High for New Neurons? Potential Role for Endorphins in Exercise Effects on Adult Neurogenesis. Biomolecules. 2021 Jul 21;11(8):1077. doi: 10.3390/biom11081077. PMID: 34439743; PMCID: PMC8392752. 3. Liu PZ, Nusslock R. Exercise-Mediated Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus via BDNF. Front Neurosci. 2018 Feb 7;12:52. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00052. PMID: 29467613; PMCID: PMC5808288 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 56 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Production in Response to Strenuous Incremental Exercise across adulthood. Luigi Marano (1,2), Ester Tommasini (1,2), Sara Missaglia (1,2), Paola Vago (1,2), Claudio Pecci (3), Ermanno Rampinini (3,4), Andrea Bosio (3), Andrea Morelli (3), Daniela Tavian (1,2). (1) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (2) Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (3) Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA), Italy; (4) Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia. E-mail: luigi.marano@unicatt.it Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a pivotal role in memory, learning, and neural plasticity. Its levels can be significantly influenced by various external factors, including physical exercise 1. Many studies have investigated the impact of exercise on BDNF production, in both healthy individuals and various medical conditions 2–5. This study sought to shed light on the temporal dynamics of BDNF production in response to incremental exercise, in particular exploring whether age can influence its release. We enrolled 20 young adults (YA: 24.7 ± 3.6 yrs.; percentage of fat mass (%FM): 11.1 ± 5.4 %; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 49.7 ± 9.9 ml/kg/min) and 12 middle-aged adults (MA: 54.6 ± 5.7 yrs.; %FM: 16.7 ± 6.5 %; V̇O2peak: 44.8 ± 5.1 ml/kg/min). Participants underwent a cycling ramp V̇O2max test until volitional exhaustion. Throughout the exercise regimen, gas exchange was continuously recorded using a metabolic cart. Venous blood samples were collected at three-time points: baseline (T0), 15 minutes after exercise (T1), and 24 hours post-exercise (T2). Serum BDNF (sBDNF) levels were quantified using an ELISA kit. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS (ver. 27). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to analyse the differences in sBDNF concentration throughout time points. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse differences in sBDNF concentration between groups. Results were considered significant when p<0.05. Surprisingly, we did not observe significant changes in sBDNF levels from T0 to T1 for both the YA and MA groups. However, a remarkable increase in sBDNF was detected from T0 (YA: 13.3 ± 1.69 ng/ml and MA: 12.7 ± 0.9 ng/ml) to T2 for both groups (YA: 15.5 ± 3.5 ng/ml, p<0.001; MA: 14.4 ± 3 ng/ml; p<0.05). Importantly, there were no statistical differences in sBDNF levels between age groups at any of the time points. This study provides new insights into the age-related effects on sBDNF release following acute strenuous exercise within a substantial cohort of healthy adult males. Contrary to previous findings, our results exhibit that acute exercise can stimulate delayed sBDNF release, irrespective of age, 24h post strenuous exercise. These results emphasize the critical role of physical exercise in promoting neurogenesis and neural plasticity throughout the entire lifespan. Given the importance of exercise induced BDNF release in enhancing cognitive functions, such as memory and spatial learning, regular physical exercise should be included into daily routines, even for middle-aged and older individuals. Key words: BDNF; acute physical exercise; aging. References 1. Reddy I, Yadav Y, Dey CS. Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Exercise-A Neuronal Perspective. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2023 May;43(4):1551-1571. doi: 10.1007/s10571-022-01272-x. Epub 2022 Aug 20. PMID: 35986789. 2. Dinoff A, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Lanctôt KL. The effect of acute exercise on blood concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy adults: a meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci. 2017 Jul;46(1):1635-1646. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13603. Epub 2017 Jun 19. PMID: 28493624. 3. Huang T, Larsen KT, Ried-Larsen M, Møller NC, Andersen LB. The effects of physical activity and exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy humans: A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Feb;24(1):1-10. doi: 10.1111/sms.12069. Epub 2013 Apr 22. PMID: 23600729. 4. Knaepen K, Goekint M, Heyman EM, Meeusen R. Neuroplasticity - exercise-induced response of peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a systematic review of experimental studies in human subjects. Sports Med. 2010 Sep 1;40(9):765-801. doi: 10.2165/11534530-000000000-00000. PMID: 20726622. mailto:luigi.marano@unicatt.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 56 5. Szuhany KL, Bugatti M, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Psychiatr Res. 2015 Jan;60:56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10. 003. Epub 2014 Oct 12. PMID: 25455510; PMCID: PMC4314337. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 57 Lecture Etiology, identification and treatment of chronic muscle spasm and resultant chronic pain with the CMECD® procedure Roger H. Coletti Interventional Health, PA, Lewes, Delaware, USA email: RogerColetti@Gmail.com One of the most frequent causes of chronic pain is acquired chronic muscle spasm. This is to be distinguished from chronic muscle spasm of a neurologic etiology such as found in post stroke patients. Acquired chronic muscle spasm has a distinctive EMG presentation with chaotic and high grade spontaneous electrical activity known as SEA. What has not been appreciated is that the SEA is not only a characteristic finding of chronic muscle spasm but also the responsible agent. Elimination of the SEA results in resolution of the muscle spasm. Temporary resolution of SEA with a short acting agent such as Lidocaine will give relief by a combination of its anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. But it is the antiarrhythmic property that is responsible for at least temporary relief of muscle spasm that is likely to return when the SEA suppression wears off. I found that a longer acting agent, such as phenoxybenzamine, used in combination with Lidocaine can maintain suppression of the SEA and result is resolution of the chronic muscle spasm and its resulting chronic pain. The spocedure I developed is trademarked under the name CMECD® which is an acromym for Coletti Method Emg guided ChemoDenervation. With this procedure, chronic muscle spasm even if present for decades can be resolved without recurrence by a single treatment. Moreover, recovery from the damaging effects of chroic muscle spasm that include loss of mitochondria and muscle fiber can occur gradualy over time. In the current formulation, the injectate includes Lidocaine, phenoxybenzamine and dexamethasone. EMG guidance is critical to the procedure as the initial effect of the injectate is that of Lidocaine with clear and obvious suppression of the SEA. The effect of phenoxybenzamine takes effect within one hour to maintain the SEA suppression for a prolonged period. The mechanism of action is the formation of a covalent bond on the alpha adrenergic receptor. The clinical duration of action is two to three months as the muscle tissue replaces the nonfunctional receptors. The dexamethasone was added to the injectate to minimze the inflammatory response to the phenoxybenzamine which unfortunately is a tissue irritant. Typically, the inflammatory reaction resolves in three to four days and is seldom severe. What must be kept in mind is that muscle that has been in chroic spasm is damaged and even with rapid resolution of the spasm, cannot be expected to function at pre spasm work loads without recreating an overuse injury that had been responsible for the chronic muscle spasm in the first place. This is in part due to the loss of mitochondria and muscle fibers. These findings were documented by the work of Ugo Carraro which I characterized as Hibernating Skeletal Muscle comparing it to Hibernating Myocardium known to the cardiology world. The etiology of Hibernating Myocardium is ischemia caused by narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. In the case of Hibernating Skeletal Muscle, I have proposed that ishemia is present and responsible for the tissue damage. I have proposed that the ischemia is secondary to prolonged untreated muscle spasm limiting its own vascular supply. I have proposed the Ischemic Model of Chronic Muscle Spasm. Support for this concept comes in part from basic animal research I performed during my cardiology fellowship which I neglected to publish at the time not realizing its significance. My findings were that progressive suppression of myocardial contraction would lead to a reversal or the flow dynamics of coronary blood flow such that prodominant flow would be in systole. It has been well documented that coronary blood flow is predominant in diastole when the coronary artery capillaries are not being compressed by myocardial contraction. As another corralary to cardiac pathophysiology, ishemic cardiac muscle is prone to arrhthmias. In the most simplest sence, the SEA that is the driving fource for the persistance of muscle spasm, is simply a skeletal muscle arrhythmia from self induced ischemia. With the presented encompassing picture of chronic musle spasm pathophysiology, it should be possible to further extend treatment options that in addition to the CMECD® procedure can relieve chronic pain secondary to chroinc muscle spam without the use of opioid medications. Presentation Sponorship - Fasano Associates a Longevity Holding Company Key words: chronic muscle spasm; chronic pain; EMG guided chemodenervation; CMECD; phenoxybenzamine. References 1. Coletti, R.H., Pattern of Recovery of Acquired Chronic Muscle Spasm Consistent with Ischemic Injury Model, Abstracts, 2019 AANEM Annual Meeting Abstract Guide Austin, TX, October 16–19, 2019 Muscle & Nerve Volume 60, Issue S1, page S126, First published: 13 August 2019, doi.org/10.1002/mus.26647. mailto:RogerColetti@Gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 57 2. Coletti RH. The ischemic model of chronic muscle spasm and pain. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Jan 18;32(1):10323. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10323. PMID: 35044134; PMCID: PMC8992665. 3. Coletti RH (2022) Chronic Muscle Spasm Induced Chronic Pain Treated with the CMECD® Procedure. Int J Phys Med Rehabil. 10:626, Received: 08-Mar- 2022, Published: 04-Apr-2022, doi:10.35248/ 2329- 9096.22.10.626. 4. Roger H. Coletti. Chronic Muscle Spasm and Pain: Discoveries in the Etiology, Identification and Treatment of Chronic Muscle Spasm and Resultant Chronic Pain. Originally published: September 28, 2022. Publisher: Dorrance Publishing Co. (14 October 2022) ASIN: B0BNLVZ3H9. 5. Barbara Ravara, Valerio Gobbo, Ugo Carraro, Lin Gelbmann, Jamie Pribyl, and Sheila Schils. Functional Electrical Stimulation as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Equine Epaxial Muscle Spasms: Clinical Evaluations and Histochemical Morphometry of Mitochondria in Muscle Biopsies. Eur J Transl Myol. 2015 Mar 11; 25(2): 4910. Published online 2015 Mar 11. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2015.4910. PMCID: PMC4749012. PMID: 26913151. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 58 Predicting Development of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Lars Arendt-Nielsen Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. Email: lan@hst.aau.dk Musculoskeletal pain is the most frequent pain problem among the adult population but 1) fundamental knowledge of underlying mechanisms for chronification and 2) adequate options for long-term treatment options are still lacking. The pain intensity experienced by patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain has often no relation to the actual insult or size of damage e.g. minimal joint damage may cause severe pain whereas severe joint degeneration may cause minimal pain. A variety of factors may explain this disconnects including eg. psychological factors, sleep quality, pain amplifications in the peripheral and central nervous systems, genetic factors, and most recently epigenetic factors. Few longitudinal clinical studies have been performed to understand factors contributing to the development of a future de novo painful musculoskeletal condition. Most studies have been focused on predicting musculoskeletal pain after e.g a traumatic event (accidents or surgery). Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for large sample studies as patients were infected with fundamentally the same virus and some may develop long-COVID musculoskeletal pain whereas others do not. Recent advances in AI and processing of large datasets for predicting outcome is now an option and an example will be given on using AI for analysing large datasets to predict development of musculoskeletal pain. As long-term pharmacological management of chronic musculoskeletal pain is generally not an option and other non-pharmacological/conservative treatment procedure such as training are needed but few systematic, randomized, controlled studies have been performed to understand which training features are the most important to apply in a multidisciplinary pain management program. The lecture will provide an update on the most recent predictive factors for development and maintaining painful, chronic musculoskeletal conditions and future ideas/options for safe and efficient management. Key Words: development; chronic pain; musculoskeletal pain; prediction; biomarkers. References 1. Georgopoulos V, Akin-Akinyosoye K, Zhang W, McWilliams DF, Hendrick P, Walsh DA. Quantitative sensory testing and predicting outcomes for musculoskeletal pain, disability, and negative affect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2019 Sep;160(9):1920-1932. doi: 10.1097/j.pain. 0000000000001590. PMID: 31045746; PMCID: PMC6701980. 2. Arendt-Nielsen L, Morlion B, Perrot S, Dahan A, Dickenson A, Kress HG, Wells C, Bouhassira D, Drewes AM. Assessment and manifestation of central sensitisation across different chronic pain conditions. Eur J Pain. 2018 Feb;22(2):216-241. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1140. Epub 2017 Nov 5. PMID: 29105941. 3. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Navarro-Santana M, Plaza-Manzano G, Palacios-Ceña D, Arendt-Nielsen L. Time course prevalence of post-COVID pain symptoms of musculoskeletal origin in patients who had survived severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2022 Jul 1;163(7):1220-1231. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002496. Epub 2021 Sep 23. PMID: 34561390. 4. Giordano R, Petersen KK, Andersen HH, Lichota J, Valeriani M, Simonsen O, Arendt-Nielsen L. Preoperative serum circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for chronic postoperative pain after total knee replacement. Mol Pain. 2020 Jan- Dec;16:1744806920962925. doi: 10.1177/17448069 20962925. PMID: 33021154; PMCID: PMC7543 153. https://doi:10.35248/ mailto:lan@hst.aau.dk European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 58 5. Petersen KK, Vaegter HB, Stubhaug A, Wolff A, Scammell BE, Arendt-Nielsen L, Larsen DB. The predictive value of quantitative sensory testing: a systematic review on chronic postoperative pain and the analgesic effect of pharmacological therapies in patients with chronic pain. Pain. 2021 Jan;162(1):31- 44. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002019. PMID: 32701654. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 59 Transformative care for myopain: Integrating training with treatment to improve long-Term outcomes James Fricton Minnesota Head and Neck Pain Clinic, Professor Emeritus University of Minnesota, USA Email: frict001@me.com Presentation on site. No abstract. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 60 The role of external-focus exercise & exergaming in pain management Jan Dommerholt Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Email: jan@myopain4u.com Compliance with therapeutic exercise programs is generally poor, with over 70% of (low back) patients failing to perform their prescribed exercises. One of the many reasons for this poor compliance may be the frequent use of an internal focus exercise approach, which is often experienced as boring, repetitive, pointless, and non-productive. This lecture will challenge current belief systems about exercise and the way you practice and prescribe therapeutic exercise. This brief session integrates contemporary research, including the OPTIMAL Theory of Motor Learning, exergaming technology, and pain science into a new therapeutic conditioning and exercise method using primarily an external-focus approach. Compared to internal focus exercise programs, directed at the performer’s own body movements, external focus programs, directed at the effects of movement on the environment, have immediate beneficial effects on performance, retention, and transfer. Improvements are observed in movement effectiveness and efficiency, self-efficacy, confidence, automaticity of control, and overall cognitive function. Key Words: external-focus exercise; exergaming; pain. References Pourahmadi M, Dommerholt J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Koes BW, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Mansournia MA, Delavari S, Keshtkar A, Bahramian M. Dry Needling for the Treatment of Tension-Type, Cervicogenic, or Migraine Headaches: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Phys Ther. 2021 May 4;101(5):pzab068. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab068. PMID: 33609358. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 61 Anti-pain rehabilitation management of muscle injuries Lucrezia Tognolo (1,2) (1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (2) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy E-mail: lucrezia.tognolo@unipd.it Muscle injuries are very common in sports, particularly in professional and amateur soccer players, with an incidence of about 8.1 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. The injury rate obtained for the matches is notably higher (almost 10 times) than the injury rate during the training sessions.1 92% of muscle injuries affect the lower extremities, with a higher prevalence in the thigh, especially in the hamstring muscles. Lower limb muscles injuries are also frequently found in track and field athletes (16%), rugby (10.4%), basketball (17.7%), American football (22%) and tennis.1 Eccentric Ultrasound image of hamstring’s muscle injury: the area of lesion appears hypoechoic. A. Transverse sonogram. B. Longitudinal sonogram. mailto:frict001@me.com mailto:jan@myopain4u.com mailto:lucrezia.tognolo@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 59 contraction represents both an injury mechanism in the suffering muscle and a preventive strategy in the healthy muscle. Indeed, the force expressed by the muscle with eccentric-type exercise is 30-40% higher than with a concentric-type exercise.2 Patient’s assessment requires the collection of a careful medical history, an objective examination, and the appropriate instrumental evaluation (ultrasonography and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI), to be performed at least 48 h after the acute event, to better define and quantify the severity of the muscle damage. A proper rehabilitation treatment requires the knowledge of the reparative processes and the biological timing of injury healing. Indeed, skeletal muscle has the capacity to regenerate and remodel after injury thank to a stem cells population, also known as satellite cells (SC). SC, with other functional cell types, act as myoblasts, that, when properly stimulated, allow regeneration of damaged tissue.3 Acute phase treatment focuses on pain and swelling control, requiring the application of the P.O.L.I.C.E. (Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, Compression, Elevation) protocol, both with the aid of short-term use of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs) and antalgic physical therapies not involving the use of heat. In this phase, pain is a load capacity reducing factor (inhibiting proper neuromotor activation) but also represents a protective factor, defending tissue repair and healing. Therefore, therapeutic exercises should be performed with respect to the painful symptomatology.4 Subsequent phases provide the introduction of exercises to recover involved joint’s range of motion, muscle extensibility (equal to at least 90% of the healthy contralateral), with the help of stretching, massage techniques and hydrokinesitherapy. Strengthening phase involves the initial introduction of isometric exercises at different joint grades and, at a later stage, the introduction of isotonic exercises, to be performed always under pain threshold and with progressive loads. Finally, eccentric contractions will be introduced, to prepare the muscle again for athletic gesture.5 At this stage, therapeutic exercise can be complemented by specific physical (shock waves) and minimally invasive (prolotherapy, Platelet Rich Plasma- PRP) regenerative therapies to reduce the recovery time, accelerate the time to resume daily and sports activities in athletes, but also elderlies. Key words: muscle injury; muscle pain; eccentric exercise; muscle rehabilitation. References 1. López-Valenciano A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Garcia-Gómez A, Vera-Garcia FJ, De Ste Croix M, Myer GD, Ayala F. Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Jun;54(12):711-718. doi: 10.1136/ bjsports-2018-099577. Epub 2019 Jun 6. PMID: 31171515; PMCID: PMC9929604. 2. Pedrazzani PS, Araújo TOP, Sigoli E, da Silva IR, da Roza DL, Chesca DL, Rassier DE, Cornachione AS. Twenty-one days of low-intensity eccentric training improve morphological characteristics and function of soleus muscles of mdx mice. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 11;11(1):3579. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79168-3. PMID: 33574358; PMCID: PMC7878734. 3. Chen B, Shan T. The role of satellite and other functional cell types in muscle repair and regeneration. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2019 Mar;40(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s10974-019-09511-3. Epub 2019 Apr 9. PMID: 30968305. 4. Cuthbert M, Ripley N, McMahon JJ, Evans M, Haff GG, Comfort P. The Effect of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Intervention Volume on Eccentric Strength and Muscle Architecture Adaptations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Sports Med. 2020 Jan;50(1):83-99. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01178-7. Erratum in: Sports Med. 2019 Nov 7;: PMID: 31502142; PMCID: PMC6942028. 5. Jankaew A, Chen JC, Chamnongkich S, Lin CF. Therapeutic Exercises and Modalities in Athletes With Acute Hamstring Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health. 2023 Jul- Aug;15(4):497-511. doi: 10.1177/1941738122111 8085. Epub 2022 Aug 22. PMID: 35996322; PMCID: PMC10293564. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 62 New frontiers in the treatment of pain in acute plantar fasciitis: Ozoile-soaked taping Giuseppe Secolo (1), Guido Attilio Condorelli (2), Elvira Padua (3), Angelo Iovane (4), Innocenzo Salvatore Secolo (4), Roxana Ciobotaru (1), Cristian Romagnoli (3), Giuseppe Messina (3) (1) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, Galati, Romania; (2) Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Italy; (3) Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele University, Rome (Italy); (4) Department of Psychological, Educational, Exercise and Training Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy E-mail: g.secolo@hotmail.it Plantar fasciitis can be described as a calcaneal enthesopathy that causes acute pain especially in the early morning, during early orthostatic phases. Subsequently the pain usually reduces in intensity within 5-10 minutes, and then returns in the course of the day. Plantar fasciitis affects a large part of the world population: not only sedentary people, but also athletes. Among others, obesity, foot pronation, running on hard mailto:g.secolo@hotmail.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 60 surfaces, and prolonged standing are risk factors for developing plantar fasciitis. This study looked to the treatment of pain in this pathology using an innovative model approach: an Ozoile-soaked taping. It is a hypoallergenic biodynamic tape with a double therapeutic effect equipped with rechargeable microcells indicated for post-operative, traumatic, arthritic, rheumatic, neuropathic pain and myalgia. Ozoile is a pool of molecules produced in a patented process by reaction of a defined oxygen-ozone mixture with the fatty acids of the extra virgin olive oil +OIL® from Erbagil Tenuta. The process leads to the formation of Stable Ozonides. Stable Ozonides have shown documented healing biological activities in addition to an anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving action. The anti-inflammatory properties of ozoile occurs by reducing the levels of pro- inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ and by inhibiting NF-kB with consequential block of the release of inflammatory molecules. A total group of 30 patients was enrolled, divided into two subgroups of 15 individuals, one control group and one study group. The examined patients were aged 35 to 69, BMI 18,5 to 24,9 with a healthy lifestyle and at least 2 hours of motor activity per week, excluding jump sports. Patients were asked to rate their pain on an NRS scale during the first encounter and then re-evaluate it after 15 days and after another 15 days using the same method. During this period, medicated taping was applied to the painful part and therapeutic rest was indicated for the duration of the treatment. Along with the indicated treatment, a cold bag with ice was recommended to be applied for 15 minutes twice a day. The control group followed only a therapeutic rest protocol and the use of a cold bag for 15 minutes a day, twice a day. The study group using the Ozoile molecule in the proposed treatment pathway had a 21.30% p < 0.004 improvement from T0 to T1 and 68% improvement from T0 to T2 p < 0.002. The control group, on the other hand, had a T0 to T1 improvement of 19% p < 0.006 and from T0 to T2 of 40% p < 0.004. Key words: plantar fasciitis; rehabilitation; pain; Ozoile; stable ozonides. References: 1. Goff J. D, Crawford R. Diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis. Am Fam Physician 2011 Sep 15;84(6):676-82. PMID: 21916393 2. Zagolin G, Loss G, Tasinato M, Cassino R, Angeli GD, Tasinato R. Advantages of the Topical Application of Ozoile in the Healing of Venous Ulcers of the Lower Limbs. A Randomized Clinical Study. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res. 2022, 47(3). BJSTR. MS.ID.007516. doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022. 47.007516 3. Currò M, Russo T, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Antonuccio P, Arena S, Parisi S, Perrone P, Ientile R, Romeo C, Impellizzeri P. Anti-Infiammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. Molecules. 2018; 23(3):645. doi: 10.3390/molecules23030645. 4. Bertuccio MP, Rizzo V, Arena S, Trainito A, Montalto AS, Caccamo D, Currò M, Romeo C, Impellizzeri P. Ozoile Reduces the LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Colonic Epithelial Cells and THP-1 Monocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023, 45, 1333–1348. doi: 10.3390/cimb45020087 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 63 Perspectives of over 20 years of FES to treat equine muscle spasms and the potential crossover into humans Sheila Schils EquiNew, River Falls, Wisconsin, USA Email: sbschils@EquiNew.com 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** Taping application: peri-malleolar anchor point and traction of the plantar aponeurosis in a supinated foot. mailto:sbschils@EquiNew.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 61 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 64 Lecture Cellular actors and ECM components of human fibrosis in myopathies Capucine Trollet (1), Laura Muraine (1), Mona Bensalah (1), Jessica Ohana (1), Stephen Gargan (2), Paul Dowling (2), Alexis Boulinguiez (1), Jamila Dhiab (1), Nami Altin (1), Valentine Hanique (1), Kamel Mamchaoui (1), Jean Lacau-St Guily (1,3), Sophie Perie (4), Gillian Butler-Browne (1), Kay Ohlendieck (2), Vincent Mouly (1), Anne Bigot (1), Elisa Negroni (1). (1) Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France; (2) Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland; (3) Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Rothschild Foundation Hospital and Sorbonne University, Paris, France; (4) Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Com Maillot- Hartmann Clinic, Neuilly Sur Seine, France. E-mail: capucine.trollet@sorbonne-universite.fr Fibrosis is defined as the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components as a result of a failed tissue-repair process. In muscle, fibrosis is one of the main complications in many clinically and pathologically different muscle diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), inclusion body myositis (IBM) or fascio-scapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Excessive accumulation of ECM alters the muscular function and the potential innovative therapeutic strategies. Several cellular actors are known to be implicated in the establishment and the maintenance of the fibrosis: macrophages, fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPS) as well as satellite cells. The ECM, apart from its essential role as an architectural scaffold, has also a pivotal role in this process influencing muscle- resident cells through biochemical and biomechanical signals. Today there is no efficient treatment to cure muscle fibrosis, that represents a serious hurdle for the different therapeutic approaches which are now arriving in the clinic. Combining mass cytometry, transcriptome profiling, secretome analysis,1 in vitro co-culture experiments and in vivo transplantation in immunodeficient mice, we investigated the role and nature of FAPs from human fibrotic muscles and compared them to FAPs from healthy muscle. Our results show that human FAPs from fibrotic muscles display a strikingly different profile than FAPs from non fibrotic muscles with an exacerbated proliferation and ECM secretion, and a detrimental effect on muscle differentiation.2 In parallel now, using mass spectrometry, we are characterizing the ECM composition of human skeletal muscle biopsies from several myopathies. We identified a few shared ECM protein components as well as many specific ones for each pathology, highlighting differences in the amount and nature of ECM components. This work on human muscle biopsies provides a better understanding (a) of the key role of FAPs and their cross-talk with muscle cells through a paracrine signaling pathway and (b) of the ECM proteome of the muscle in pathological conditions, with the final objective to identify key components and targetable pathways for anti-fibrosis therapies.3 Key words: muscle fibrosis; extracellular matrix; ECM; dystrophies; FAPs. References 1. Negroni E, Kondili M, Muraine L, Bensalah M, Butler-Browne GS, Mouly V, Bigot A, Trollet C. Muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors from a single- cell perspective: Focus on their "virtual" secretome. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Sep 19;10:952041. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952041. PMID: 36200044. 2. Bensalah M, Muraine L, Boulinguiez A, Giordani L, Albert V, Ythier V, Dhiab J, Oliver A, Hanique V, Gidaro T, Perié S, Lacau St-Guily J, Corneau A, Butler-Browne G, Bigot A, Mouly V, Negroni E, Trollet C. A negative feedback loop between fibroadipogenic progenitors and muscle fibres involving endothelin promotes human muscle fibrosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Jun;13(3):1771-1784. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12974. Epub 2022 Mar 22. PMID: 35319169; PMCID: PMC9178170. 3. Muraine L, Bensalah M, Butler-Browne G, Bigot A, Trollet C, Mouly V, Negroni E. Update on anti- fibrotic pharmacotherapies in skeletal muscle disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;68:102332. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102332. Epub 2022 Dec 23. PMID: 36566666. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 FRIDAY March 1, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy mailto:capucine.trollet@sorbonne-universite.fr European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 62 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 65 Hyaluronan and aging --The Effects of aging on the intramuscular connective tissue Carla Stecco Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: Carla.stecco@unipd.it Aging increase passive stiffness of skeletal muscles.1 The intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle and in providing mechanical support.2 Alternations of extracellular matrix (ECM) of IMCT influence force transmission and passive elasticity of muscle.3 Hyaluronan (HA), an key elements in ECM, is essential for IMCT preserving muscle structure integrity and affecting fascia gliding.4 We will describe age related changes that may contribute to passive stiffness and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. Variations in the extracellular matrix in human quadriceps femoris muscles in 10 young men, 12 elderly males and 16 elderly females, and in the hindlimb muscles of 6 week old, 8 month old and 2 year old C57BL/6J male mice, were evaluated. Picrosirius red, Alcian blue and Weigert Van Gieson stainings were performed to evaluate collagen, glycosamynoglycans and elastic fibers. Immunohistochemistry analyses were carried out to assess collagen I, collagen III and hyaluronan. The percentage area of collagen was significantly higher with aging (p < 0.01 in humans, p < 0.001 in mice), mainly due to an increase in collagen I, with no differences in collagen III (p > 0.05). The percentage area of elastic fibers in the perimysium was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in elderly men, together with a significant decrease in hyaluronan content both in humans and in mice. No significant differences were detected according to gender. The lower level of HA together with reduction of elastic fibers and accumulation of collagen fibers with aging could cause stiffening of muscles and reduction of their adaptability. Keywords: aging; muscle; intramuscular connective tissue; extracellular matrix; hyaluronan. References 1. Pavan P, Monti E, Bondí M, Fan C, Stecco C, Narici M, Reggiani C, Marcucci L. Alterations of Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties Contribute to Age-Related Functional Impairment of Human Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 2;21(11):3992. doi: 10.3390/ijms21113992. PMID: 32498422; PMCID: PMC7312402. 2. Purslow PP. The Structure and Role of Intramuscular Connective Tissue in Muscle Function. Front Physiol. 2020 May 19;11:495. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020. 00495. PMID: 32508678; PMCID: PMC7248366. 3. Kragstrup TW, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Structural, biochemical, cellular, and functional changes in skeletal muscle extracellular matrix with aging. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011 Dec;21(6):749-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01377.x. Epub 2011 Aug 18. PMID: 22092924. 4. Fede C, Pirri C, Fan C, Petrelli L, Guidolin D, De Caro R, Stecco C. A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 30;22(3):1411. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031411. PMID: 33573365; PMCID: PMC7866861. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 66 How denervation influences the fascia? The Impact of Sciatic Nerve Denervation on Hyaluronan in Intramuscular Connective Tissue and Deep Fascia Xiaoxiao Zhao Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy Email: xiaoxiao.zhao@studenti.unipd.it Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a complex clinical challenge due to its diverse range of symptoms impacting quality of life.1 Denervation alters extracellular matrix (ECM) in intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) affecting muscle function.2 Hyaluronan (HA) is essential for IMCT preserving muscle structural integrity and affecting fascia gliding.3 Our study evaluated HA concentration in denervated, non-denervated muscles and the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) in unilateral lower limb PNI rats to explore the broader denervation effects. Eighteen 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: experimental (n=12) with left sciatic nerve injury and control (n=6). After six weeks, muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) and TLF samples were extracted from all the rats. Purple-Jelley HA assay was employed to determine HA concentration; Alcian blue and Immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate HA distribution. In unilateral lower limb PNI rats both sides show significantly lower HA concentration than healthy rats (p<0.05), although with no significant difference between the left and right sides (p>0.05) in the muscles. Moreover, PNI rats showed significantly lower HA concentration in both left and right TLF than healthy TLF (p<0.001), with significantly lower HA in left TLF (homolateral) than right TLF (contralateral) (p<0.001). In conclusion, unilateral lower limb PNI induced HA reduction in denervated muscle and non-denervated muscle of the contralateral side and mailto:Carla.stecco@unipd.it mailto:xiaoxiao.zhao@studenti.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 63 in the TLF, potentially increasing the risk of low back pain. Keywords: denervation; muscle; intramuscular connective tissue; thoracolumbar fascia; Hyaluronan. References 1. Lopes B, Sousa P, Alvites R, Branquinho M, Sousa AC, Mendonça C, Atayde LM, Luís AL, Varejão ASP, Maurício AC. Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatments and Advances: One Health Perspective. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 14;23(2):918. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020918. PMID: 35055104; PMCID: PMC8779751. 2. Ozawa J, Kurose T, Kawamata S, Kaneguchi A, Moriyama H, Kito N. Regulation of connective tissue remodeling in the early phase of denervation in a rat skeletal muscle. Biomed Res. 2013;34(5):251-8. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.34.251. PMID: 24190237. 3. Fede C, Pirri C, Fan C, Petrelli L, Guidolin D, De Caro R, Stecco C. A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 30;22(3):1411. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031411. PMID: 33573365; PMCID: PMC7866861. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 67 Ultrasound evaluation of the fascial gliding Carmelo Pirri, Macchi Veronica, Porzionato Andrea, Raffaele de Caro, Carla Stecco Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Italy E-mail: carmelo.pirri@unipd.it In the field of musculoskeletal imaging, ultrasonography emerges as a potent tool for identifying numerous pathological conditions that impact the myofascial system, encompassing the deep muscular fascia.1 Due to its cost-effective, real-time, and noninvasive characteristics, ultrasound examination stands as the primary choice for diagnosing pathologies based on the fascia.2 Several studies have also confirmed the importance of ultrasound examination of the deep/muscular fascia in various pathological conditions.3-5 Ultrasonography examination assumes a pivotal role in the comprehensive study of fascial anatomy and pathology from a rehabilitative standpoint.3- 5 The versatility of ultrasound enables the visualization of various aspects, including the thickening of specific fascial layers, alterations in their echogenicity, and the intricate analysis of relationships among fasciae, nerves, and vessels.1,2 Noteworthy findings from recent studies indicate that ultrasound facilitates an in-depth exploration of the dynamic interactions,6-8 such as gliding movements between muscles and their adjacent fascial layers, as well as those occurring between diverse fascial layers. These dynamic relationships have been suggested to have relevance to the understanding of myofascial pain. Key words: Ultrasound examination; fascial gliding; deep muscular fascia; myofascial pain; muscle. References 1. Pirri C, Stecco C, Fede C, Macchi V, Özçakar L. Ultrasound Imaging of the Fascial Layers: You See (Only) What You Know. J Ultrasound Med. 2020 Apr;39(4):827-828. doi: 10.1002/jum.15148. Epub 2019 Oct 23. PMID: 31642543. 2. Pirri C, Pirri N, Stecco C, Macchi V, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Özçakar L. 'Ultrasound Examination' of the Musculoskeletal System: Bibliometric/ Visualized Analyses on the Terminology (Change). Tomography. 2023 Feb 2;9(1):352-361. doi: 10.3390/tomography9010028. PMID: 36828380; PMCID: PMC9958559. 3. Pirri C, Fede C, Stecco A, Guidolin D, Fan C, De Caro R, Stecco C. Ultrasound Imaging of Crural Fascia and Epimysial Fascia Thicknesses in Basketball Players with Previous Ankle Sprains Versus Healthy Subjects. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jan 26;11(2):177. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics 11020177. PMID: 33530583; PMCID: PMC7911860. 4. Pirri C, Biz C, Pirri N, Macchi V, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Ruggieri P, Stecco C. Crural and Plantar Fasciae Changes in Chronic Charcot Diabetic Foot: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Imaging Study-An Evidence of Fascial Continuity. J Clin Med. 2023 Jul 13;12(14):4664. doi: 10.3390/jcm12144664. PMID: 37510779; PMCID: PMC10380358. 5. Pirri C, Pirri N, Guidolin D, Macchi V, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Stecco C. Ultrasound Imaging of Thoracolumbar Fascia Thickness: Chronic Non- Specific Lower Back Pain versus Healthy Subjects; A Sign of a "Frozen Back"? Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Apr 16;13(8):1436. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics 13081436. PMID: 37189537; PMCID: PMC10137552. 6. Wang TJ, Stecco A, Schleip R, Stecco C, Pirri C. Change in gliding properties of the iliotibial tract in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. J Ultrasound. 2023 Dec;26(4):809-813. doi: 10.1007/s40477-023-00775-7. Epub 2023 Feb 19. PMID: 36802027; PMCID: PMC10632250. 7. Langevin HM, Rizzo DM, Fox JR, Badger GJ, Wu J, Konofagou EE, Stevens-Tuttle D, Bouffard NA, Krag MH. Dynamic morphometric characterization of local connective tissue network structure in humans using ultrasound. BMC Syst Biol. 2007 Jun 5;1:25. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-1-25. PMID: 17550618; PMCID: PMC1913929. mailto:carmelo.pirri@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 64 8. Pirri C, Stecco C, Fede C, De Caro R, Özçakar L. Dynamic ultrasonography for assessing the nerve- fasciae relationship in entrapment syndromes. Med Ultrason. 2021 Feb 18;23(1):118-119. doi: 10.11152/mu-2982. PMID: 33621280. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 68 Hyaluronans and glycosylated proteins in mobility disorders: from research to clinical application Elena Barbieri (1), Giosuè Annibalini (1), Vittoria Carrabs (1), Fabio Ferrini (1), Italo Capparucci (1), Piero Sestili (1) (1) Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy. Email: elena.barbieri@uniurb.it This lecture will focus on hyaluronans (HA) and glycosylated proteins involved in musculoskeletal disorders, and their properties in regenerative medicine. HA are a naturally occurring biopolymers which play essential roles in the organization of tissue architecture and the regulation of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, wound healing, cell migration, and signaling (Yasin A. et al., 2022).1 The cluster determinant 44 (CD44) embedded in the cell membrane mediates adhesion, migration and intracellular signaling as well (Ponta H. et al., 2003).2 The cell surface microarchitecture resulting from HA and speciif receptor interactions provide an interface between the pericellular milieu and the intracellular cytoskeleton/signaling complexes that is particularly sensitive to ROS/RNS levels, which cleave the native HA polymer, modifies CD44 patterning from its homeostatic microarchitecture, and initiates signaling pathways contributing to a response-to-injury and disease (Cowman M. K. 2023).3 Moreover, the HA versatility have made it a key player in biomedical research and led to its use in a wide range of applications, including tissue muscle ligament and tendon repair and engineering. In the last decade we have seen the development of HA derivatives with different clinical applications and potential. HA's ability to, directly and indirectly, affect the wound healing process makes it a key component in regenerative medicine. In muscle, for example, recent evidence demonstrates that HA activates stem cells to repair damaged muscle, indeed the regenerative effect of HA seems to depend on it being produced by the muscle stem cells (Nakka et al., 2022).4 In a preliminary experiment, we have analyzed the effect of HA blend of 2 to 1000 KDa, 2 mL on the rescue of myoblasts cells C2C12 under stressed conditions in which in muscle cell damage and a subsequent in a chronic inflammatory state, we evaluated the wound healing of myoblast cell monolayer in the presence of HA blend of 2 to 1000 KDa and pro-inflammatory agents (IL- 1β, TNF-α, LPS) and pro-oxidants (H2O2) that slow their proliferation. From the preliminary results obtained, it appears that HA possesses significant pro-proliferative activity and improves wound healing in the 24 h after injury (Ferrini F. et al., in preparation).5 Furthermore, some recent studies show encouraging results on HA's capacity to induce tendon healing, improve tendon architectural organization and ameliorate pain and damage recovery (Kaux JF et al., 2016).6 In this regard, we demonstrated that in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy (AT) in middle-aged runners combining viscoelastometric, biochemical, and functional methodologies with routine clinical examinations the sequential peritendinous injections of HA were effective in improving clinical symptoms, as well as functional and viscoelastic state associated with AT (Barbieri et al., 2019; Gervasi M. et al., 2021).7,8 In addition, exogenous HA can improve chondrocyte HA synthesis, reduce the degradation of cartilage and facilitate its regeneration. It can also control the release of proinflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Nowadays to the well-known functions exerted by extracellular hyaluronan and glycosylated proteins, recent metabolomic approaches have also revealed that its synthesis can regulate cellular functions via the reprogramming of cellular metabolism in mobility disorders. The last decade shed plenty of light with the significant advances in research related to HA and glycosylated proteins in mobility disorders as well as the extracellular matrix interactions networks. Despite the correlation between several matrix macromolecules with musculoskeletal disorder development and progression, this area of interest has been underestimated in terms of designing novel strategies for disease treatment. Key words: musculoskeletal disorders; hyaluronic acid; CD44; inflammation. References 1. Yasin A, Ren Y, Li J, Sheng Y, Cao C, Zhang K. Advances in Hyaluronic Acid for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Jul 4;10:910290. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.910290. PMID: 35860333; PMCID: PMC9289781. 2. Ponta H, Sherman L, Herrlich PA. CD44: from adhesion molecules to signalling regulators. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Jan;4(1):33-45. doi: 10.1038/nrm1004. PMID: 12511867. 3. Cowman MK, Turley EA, Functional organization of extracellular hyaluronan, CD44, and RHAMM Proteoglycan Research. 2023, 1, e4. 4. Nakka K, Hachmer S, Mokhtari Z, Kovac R, Bandukwala H, Bernard C, Li Y, Xie G, Liu C, Fallahi M, Megeney LA, Gondin J, Chazaud B, Brand M, Zha X, Ge K, Dilworth FJ. JMJD3 activated mailto:elena.barbieri@uniurb.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 65 hyaluronan synthesis drives muscle regeneration in an inflammatory environment. Science. 2022 Aug 5;377(6606):666-669. doi: 10.1126/science.abm9735. Epub 2022 Aug 4. PMID: 35926054. 5. Ferrini F, Annibalini G, Battistelli M, Capparucci I, Sestili P, Barbieri E. Emerging role of Hyaluronan- mediated rescue of oxidatively injured myoblasts. In preparation. 6. Kaux JF, Samson A, Crielaard JM. Hyaluronic acid and tendon lesions. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016 Feb 13;5(4):264-9. doi: 10.11138/mltj/2015.5.4.264. PMID: 26958533; PMCID: PMC4762636. 7. Gervasi M, Barbieri E, Capparucci I, Annibalini G, Sisti D, Amatori S, Carrabs V, Valli G, Donati Zeppa S, Rocchi MBL, Stocchi V, Sestili P. Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy in Recreational Runners with Peritendinous Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Viscoelastometric, Functional, and Biochemical Pilot Study. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 31;10(7):1397. doi: 10.3390/jcm10071397. PMID: 33807327. 8. Barbieri E, Capparucci I, Mannello F, Annibalini G, Contarelli S, Vallorani L, Gioacchini AM, Ligi D, Maniscalco R, Gervasi M, Tran Dang Xuan T, Bartolucci C, Stocchi V, Sestili P. Efficacy of a treatment for gonarthrosis based on the sequential intra-articular injection of linear and cross-linked hyaluronic acids. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2019, 09, 60. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 69 The interactions between hyaluronic acid and extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: new evidence and therapeutic implications Vittoria Carrabs (1,2,3), Isabel Guillén (2,3), Marisa Ferrándiz(2), María Alcaraz (2), Fabio Ferrini (1), Rachele Agostini (1), Michele Guescini (1), Elena Barbieri (1), Piero Sestili (1) (1) Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy; (2) Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; (3) Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain. Email: piero.sestili@uniurb.it Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the adult population worldwide.1 OA is the result of multiple mechanisms that lead to chronic inflammation and progressive degradation of the extracellular matrix of the joint. A complex series of cellular and soluble actors along with their articulated temporal interplay have been identified so far as prominent etiological factors. More recently increasing attention has been paid by researchers to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in OA, as well as in the maintenance and recovery of joint homeostasis.2 EVs, such as exosomes and membranous EVs, are being extensively studied for their role in a vast number of processes, such as intercellular communication and cell- to-cell transfer of biologically active material due to their precipual capacity to transfer proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, miRNA to target cells, modifying their phenotype. Importantly, EVs are also being studied as potential therapeutic agents for musculoskeletal disorders.3 With regard to the joints and OA, the latest scientific evidence indicates that EVs act in a bimodal pattern, i.e. either in a pro-inflammatory or anti- inflammatory fashion depending on the joint conditions and disease status. As a mere example of their “bad guys” side, it is known that in OA the macrophages infiltrated in the synovial fluid release specific EVs containing proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β; these cytokines stimulate the chondrocytes to release further EVs which in turn increase the levels of metalloproteinase-13 and of disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin motif 5 Type 1 (best known with the acronym ADAMTS-5), the main enzymes responsible for cartilage degradation. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide composed of disaccharide units containing N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid produced by chondrocytes, synoviocytes and fibroblasts. Native HA is typically released inside the synovial space where it lubricates and cushions the joint. The physiological balance between HA synthesis and degradation, its size, integrity and abundance play a prominent role in determining the joint’s fate. Replenishing HA through the intrarticular injection of exogenous > 500 KDa/1 MDa HA, i.e. the so-called viscosupplementation, has established as a first-line conservative treatment of OA, in particular knee arthritis. The benefits of HA viscosupplementation have been traditionally ascribed to its rheological properties, that accomplish and restore joints’ physiological requirements when it is in the native, high molecular weight form. However, evidence accumulated over the last decades also indicates that HA exerts pleiotropic activity within the joint, i.e. not limited to the mere rheological function. Indeed, many molecular targets of HA - whose modulation concurs to its therapeutic efficacy have been identified so far.4 Although scientifically attractive for the potential pharmacological implications, the possible interactions between HA and EVs in the course of OA have not yet been specifically addressed. Our study has been aimed to investigate wether HA is capable to affect a panel of relevant mailto:piero.sestili@uniurb.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 66 responses induced by EVs on target primary chondrocytes. Primary chondrocytes (CS) were obtained from surgical specimens of OA patients undergoing knee arthroplasty; EVs were collected from unstimulated or IL-6 (used as an inflammatory trigger) -stimulated THP1 human monocytes; HA was a commercially available preparation of linear (500 KDa) HA and cross-linked (1, 2 MDa) HA routinely used to treat Kellgren II-III knee OA. Experimental setting was based on the exposure of CS to unstimulated (EV-) or IL-1β -stimulated (EV+) in the absence or presence of HA. Results obtained indicate that unlike EV-, incubation with EV+ elicited detrimental and inflammation-like responses in CS, namely increased levels of IL-6 and of MMP-13, and accumulation of oxidative-stress by-products. Interestingly HA significantly hampered these responses suggesting a modulatory/normalization role for HA toward EV+ signalling. Further experiments aimed at evidentiating the possible interactions between HA and EVs indicated that HA tightly binds to EVs. It is postulated that the binding with HA may affect the level and frequency of interactions of EV with target cells. It can also be inferred that the higher the MW of bound HA the fewer the interactions: to this regard the integrity of joints’ HA (very high MW in healthy joints vs low MW during OA) may underlie a biological function not limited to the rheological homeostasis. On the whole these result pinpoint to a role for HA in modulating the responses elicited by EV which might take place in in vivo conditions; future studies will be needed to better understand HA-EV interactions as well as their possible therapeutic exploitation. Key words: osteoarthritis; hyaluronic acid; extracellular vesicles; inflammation. References 1. Ashford S, Williard J. Osteoarthritis: A review. Nurse Pract. 2014 May 12;39(5):1-8. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000445886.71205.c4. PMID: 24739424. 2. Withrow J, Murphy C, Liu Y, Hunter M, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW. Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Dec 1;18(1):286. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1178-8. PMID: 27906035; PMCID: PMC5134070. 3. Alcaraz MJ, Compañ A, Guillén MI. Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Novel Treatments for Musculoskeletal Diseases. Cells. 2019 Dec 31;9(1):98. doi: 10.3390/cells9010098. PMID: 31906087; PMCID: PMC7017209. 4. Barbieri E, Capparucci I, Mannello F, Annibalini G, Contarelli S, Vallorani L, Gioacchini AM, Ligi D, Maniscalco R, Gervasi M, Tran Dang Xuan T, Bartolucci C, Stocchi V, Sestili P et al. Efficacy of a treatment for gonarthrosis based on the sequential intra-articular injection of linear and cross-linked hyaluronic acids. Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal 2019, 09, 60, doi:10.32098/mltj.04.2019.17. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 70 Calcium crystal in the synovial fluid and glycosaminoglycan damage in labrum of patients with femoroacetabular impingement: impact in joint mobility Michela Battistelli (1), Sabrina Burattini (1), Eleonora Olivotto (2) (1) Department of Biomolecular Science, Urbino University Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy; (2) RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy E-mail: michela.battistelli@uniurb.it Over the last decade, evidence has mounted for a prominent etiologic role of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the development of early hip osteoarthritis (HOA). This is the most common joint disorder and a major cause of disability in the adult population.1,2 Thus, the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the early stages of the disease and of the pre- arthritic condition, in particular in adolescents and young adults, is crucial to reducing the incidence of end-stage HOA and the need for total hip replacement (THR). Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has a important role in the development of cartilage, sinovial and labral damage in the non-dysplastic hip,3 these morphological and functional modifications can be induce HOA. An impaired lubrication and an increased joint fiction deteriorate articular cartilage and lead to present in patients with FAI.4 In vitro and preclinical data demonstrate that calcium crystals can activate intra- articular proinflammatory pathways and release nociceptor stimulating substances. Thus, calcium crystal deposition may be involved in generating joint pain and have a powerful impact in decreasing joint mobility. The aim of this study was to compare the ultrastructure of the hip labrum and cartilage in healthy and pathological conditions, as FAI and OA, to provide understanding of structural changes which might be helpful in the future to design targeted therapies and improve treatment indications. We also investigate the potential associations among the preoperative symptoms, the outcomes after arthroscopic surgery for FAI and the presence of crystal deposition in synovial fluids (SFs). Patients scheduled for hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAI and/or labral pathology were enrolled. We analyzed labral tissue and cartilage samples from five healthy multi-organ donors (MCDs) (median age, 38 years), five FAI patients mailto:michela.battistelli@uniurb.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 67 (median age, 37 years) and five late-stage OA patients undergoing total hip replacement (median age, 56 years). We evaluated morpho-functional by histology and transmission electron microscopy. SFs samples, when available, were obtained by aspiration just prior to surgical intervention, collected and stored as intact for microscopic crystals identification by compensated polarized light microscopy and quantitative analysis by alizarin red staining. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) was also performed for the chemical analysis of SFs. In conclusion, labral tissue of patients with FAI had similar pathological alterations of tissue obtained from OA patients, suggesting that FAI patients might have high susceptibility to develop OA. In addition our study showed that calcium crystals levels in SFs of FAI patients are correlated with worst post-operative outcome, and it might be used as a potential new biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of therapeutic responses. Kay words: Calcium crystal; synovial fluid; glycosaminoglycan damage; femoroacetabular impingement. References 1. Smith E, Hoy D, Cross M, Merriman TR, Vos T, Buchbinder R, Woolf A, March L. The global burden of gout: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Aug;73(8):1470- 6. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204647. Epub 2014 Mar 3. PMID: 24590182. 2. Guillemin F, Rat AC, Mazieres B, Pouchot J, Fautrel B, Euller-Ziegler L, Fardellone P, Morvan J, Roux CH, Verrouil E, Saraux A, Coste J; 3000 Osteoarthritis group. Prevalence of symptomatic hip and knee osteoarthritis: a two-phase population-based survey. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011 Nov;19(11):1314-22. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.08. 004. Epub 2011 Aug 16. PMID: 21875676. 3. Melugin HP, Hale RF, Zhou J, LaPrade M, Bernard C, Leland D, Levy BA, Krych AJ. Risk Factors for Long-term Hip Osteoarthritis in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Without Surgical Intervention. Am J Sports Med. 2020 Oct;48(12):2881-2886. doi: 10.1177/0363546520 949179. Epub 2020 Aug 21. PMID: 32822223; PMCID: PMC8087082. 4. Agricola R, Waarsing JH, Arden NK, Carr AJ, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Thomas GE, Weinans H, Glyn- Jones S. Cam impingement of the hip: a risk factor for hip osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013 Oct;9(10):630-4. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.114. Epub 2013 Jul 23. PMID: 23881070. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 71 Native extracellular matrix support human neuromuscular organoid morphogenesis and function. Beatrice Auletta (1,2), Pietro Chiolerio (1,2), Giada Cecconi (2), Lucia Rossi (1,2), Edoardo Maghin (3), Onelia Gagliano (4,5), Cecilia Laterza (4,5), Davide Cacchiarelli (7), Matilde Cescon (1), Monica Giomo (5), Yvan Torrente (6,8), Camilla Luni (9), Martina Piccoli (3), Nicola Elvassore (4,5,10), Anna Urciuolo (1,2,10) (1) Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (2) Neuromuscular Engineering Lab, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy; (3) Tissue Engineering Lab, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy; (4) Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; (5) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (6) Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; (7) Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy; (8) Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; (9) Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; (10) University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. E-mail: anna.urciuolo@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 72 Lecture Remodeling of intracellular organelles during exercise: muscle strategies to reduce muscle fatigue Feliciano Protasi CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Dept. of Medicine and Aging Sciences; Univ. G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Italy University of Chieti, Italy Email: feliciano.protasi@unich.it Proper function of skeletal muscle fibers is ensured by supply of Ca2+ ions and ATP to the contractile elements, i.e. sarcomeres of myofibrils. Proper ATP production is provided by mitochondrial respiration, while Ca2+ ions are released by triads during excitation-contraction (EC) mailto:anna.urciuolo@unipd.it mailto:feliciano.protasi@unich.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 68 coupling and supplemented by Ca2+ entry units (CEUs) during repetitive and prolonged muscle activity. Triads and mitochondria must be properly associated, as cellular respiration is controlled by Ca2+ entry in the mitochondrial matrix. In the past 20 years, we have collected several lines of evidence demonstrating that: i) reduced muscle activity results in loos of proper association between mitochondria and triads and reduced presence of CEUs; ii) regular exercise improves disposition and association between triads and mitochondria; and iii) acute exercise triggers remodeling of the sarcotubular system to promote assembly of CEUs. CEUs - junctions between sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules (together the sarcotubular system) which are the sites of store-operated Ca2+ entry - are few and small in resting muscle, but increase in size and number during prolonged exercise to boost SOCE, hence sustain contractility during repetitive muscle contractions. Long-term (induced by training) and short- term (triggered even by a single bout of exercise) plasticity of intracellular organelles (mitochondria and sarcotubular system) are likely strategies that muscle fibers use to improve resistance to fatigue during prolonged activity by i) improving mitochondrial respiration and by ii) increasing supply of Ca2+ ions from the extracellular space. Kay words: skeletal muscle; exercise; muscle fatigue. References 1. Protasi F, Girolami B, Roccabianca S, Rossi D. Store- operated calcium entry: From physiology to tubular aggregate myopathy. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;68:102347. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102347. Epub 2023 Jan 4. PMID: 36608411. 2. Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 5;33(4):10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012. PMID: 38058287; PMCID: PMC10811640. 3. Girolami B, Serano M, Di Fonso A, Paolini C, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F. Searching for Mechanisms Underlying the Assembly of Calcium Entry Units: The Role of Temperature and pH. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 10;24(6):5328. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065328. PMID: 36982401; PMCID: PMC10049691. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 February 29 - Abstract 73 A model analysis of cytosolic calcium gradients and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in resting muscle fibers Lorenzo Marcucci (1,2), Antonio Michelucci (3), Carlo Reggiani (1,4) 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; 2. Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan; 3. Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia; 4. Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia. Email: lorenzo.marcucci@unipd.it In muscle fibers of transgenic mice model with increased leakage of Calcium ions (Ca2+) from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria display higher mitochondrial calcium concentrations at rest.1,2 Since Ca2+ enters mitochondria via mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), driven by electrical and concentration gradients, a higher cytosolic calcium concentration is expected as a link between the calcium leakage and the calcium accumulation in mitochondria. We checked this hypothesis in calsequestrin knock-out (CSQ-KO) mice. We determined free Ca2+ concentration in SR and mitochondria with specifically targeted cameleon probes and in cytosol with Fura-2. Surprisingly, repeated measurements of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in quiescent CSQ-KO fibers never showed a difference between WT and CSQ-KO.1 Taking into account that fluorescent Ca2+ probes as Fura-2 measure averaged global cytosolic concentrations, we explored the role of Schematic cartoon combining the measured and predicted calcium concentrations in cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of quiescent FDB fibers of male and female WT and CSQ1-null mice. A) resting cytosolic free calcium concentration determined with Fura-2,1,5; B) resting local peri- mitochondrial free calcium concentration,2; C) resting free calcium concentration in the mitochondrial matrix measured with cameleon 4mtD3cpv (1) and relevant calibration curve; D) resting total mitochondrial calcium concentration measured with the lysis method.2 mailto:lorenzo.marcucci@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 69 local Ca2+ concentrations (i.e., Ca2+ microdomains) in resting cells, using a multicompartmental diffusional Ca2+ model.3 Progressively including the inward and outward fluxes of sarcoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, and mitochondria, we explored their contribution to the local Ca2+ distribution within the muscle fibers. The results showed the presence of Ca2+ concentration gradients with hot spots or microdomains,4 in the region close to the Ca2+ release units (CRU) even at rest, minor but similar to those of evoked Ca2+ release. Due to their specific localization close to the CRUs, mitochondria are able to take up Ca2+ directly from high concentration microdomains. This explains the presence of high mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, despite minor, possibly undetectable, modifications of the average cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Keywords: calcium diffusion; mathematical model; microdomains; mitochondria. References 1. Scorzeto M, Giacomello M, Toniolo L, Canato M, Blaauw B, Paolini C, Protasi F, Reggiani C, Stienen GJ. Mitochondrial Ca2+-handling in fast skeletal muscle fibers from wild type and calsequestrin-null mice. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e74919. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074919. PMID: 24098358; PMCID: PMC3789688. 2. Lamboley CR, Pearce L, Seng C, et al (2021) Ryanodine receptor leak triggers fiber Ca2+ redistribution to preserve force and elevate basal metabolism in skeletal muscle. Sci Adv 7:eabi7166. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi7166 3. Marcucci L, Canato M, Protasi F, Stienen GJM, Reggiani C. A 3D diffusional-compartmental model of the calcium dynamics in cytosol, sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of murine skeletal muscle fibers. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 26;13(7):e0201050. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.020 1050. PMID: 30048500; PMCID: PMC6062086. 4. Rizzuto R, Pozzan T. Microdomains of intracellular Ca2+: molecular determinants and functional consequences. Physiol Rev. 2006 Jan;86(1):369-408. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2005. PMID: 16371601. 5. Michelucci A, Boncompagni S, Canato M, Reggiani C, Protasi F. Estrogens Protect Calsequestrin-1 Knockout Mice from Lethal Hyperthermic Episodes by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Muscle. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017: 6936897, 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/6936897. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 74 The role of Akt-mTORC1 signaling in regulating muscle mass and function Martina Baraldo (1), Georgia Dumitras (1), Sabrina Zorzato (1), Leonardo Nogara (1,2), Alessia Geremia (1), Marcus Kruger (3), Bert Blaauw (1,2). (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; (2) Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy; (3) University of Cologne, Germany E-mail: bert.blaauw@unipd.it Loss of skeletal muscle mass and force is of critical importance in numerous pathologies, like age-related sarcopenia or cancer. It has been shown that the Akt- mTORC1 pathway is critical for stimulating adult muscle mass and function. Furthermore, we recently showed that mTORC1 signaling during homeostasis in skeletal muscle fibers is also required for maintaining a healthy neuromuscular junction and to maintain muscle functionality. To better understand the underlying signaling changes responsible for this muscle-nerve communication, regulated by mTORC1, we developed new tools to determine changes in the proteome linked to altered mTORC1 signaling. These tools allow us to understand how muscle mTORC1 can affect protein homeostasis and how this is linked to muscle-nerve communication. Key Words: mTOR, proteome, protein translation, neuromuscular junction, fiber type. References 1. Baraldo M, Zorzato S, Dondjang AHT, Geremia A, Nogara L, Dumitras AG, Canato M, Marcucci L, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Inducible deletion of raptor and mTOR from adult skeletal muscle impairs muscle mTORC1 signaling in muscle fibers affects neuromuscular junction stability. mailto:bert.blaauw@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 70 contractility and relaxation. J Physiol. 2022 Dec;600(23):5055-5075. doi: 10.1113/JP283686. Epub 2022 Nov 10. PMID: 36255030. 2. Baraldo M, Nogara L, Dumitras GA, Tchampda Dondjang AH, Geremia A, Scalabrin M, Türk C, Telkamp F, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Krüger M, Blaauw B. Raptor is critical for increasing the mitochondrial proteome and skeletal muscle force during hypertrophy. FASEB J. 2021 Dec;35(12):e22031. doi: 10.1096/fj.202101054RR. PMID: 34767636. 3. Baraldo M, Geremia A, Pirazzini M, Nogara L, Solagna F, Türk C, Nolte H, Romanello V, Megighian A, Boncompagni S, Kruger M, Sandri M, Blaauw B. Skeletal muscle mTORC1 regulates neuromuscular junction stability. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020 Feb;11(1):208-225. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12496. Epub 2019 Oct 25. PMID: 31651100; PMCID: PMC7015238. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 75 The HERG K+ Channel Modulates Calsequestrin 1 by regulation of mRNA levels Amber L. Pond (1), Shalini Guha (1), Sandra Zampieri (2,3), Gregory H. Hockerman (4) (1) Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University (SIU) School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA; (2) Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (3) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; (4) Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Dept., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA E-mail: apond@siumed.edu The ether-a-gogo related gene 1A (ERG1A) K+ channel is upregulated in skeletal muscle atrophying in response to disuse,1 cancer,1 and denervation.2 We have demonstrated that over-expression of the human ERG1A (HERG) channel in mouse skeletal muscle results in increased protein degradation by: 1) enhanced ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) activity (likely resulting from upregulation of the E3 ligase MuRF1)1,3; and 2) increased calpain enzyme activity, which is likely modulated (in large part) by an HERG-initiated increase in basal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i).4 We recently revealed that over-expression of HERG in mouse C2C12 myotubes decreases the abundance of the calcium buffering protein calsequestrin 1 (CaSeq1).5 Indeed, a decrease in the CaSeq1 would result in a decrease of calcium sequestering in the sarcoplasma reticulum and a resultant increase in [Ca2+]i. However, it is not known how HERG modulates the levels of the CaSeq1 protein. We hypothesized that it could do so by decreasing CaSeq1 gene expression OR by enhancing degradation of the CaSeq1 protein (likely through increased UPP activity). Here, we have explored the potential HERG-modulation of CaSeq1 gene expression. To investigate, we transduced myotubes in a 96-well plate at 200 MOI with either a control (n=4) or HERG- encoded (n=4) adenovirus and then after 48 hours we isolated total RNA from each replicate plate with Trizol™ reagent (Invitrogen; Waltham, MA). We then evaluated HERG and CaSeq1 gene expression by assaying the total RNA for HERG, CaSeq1, and Gapdh mRNA levels using a Luna™ Universal One-Step RT- qPCR Kit (New England Biolabs), specific oligonucleotide primers, and a CFX Opus 96 PCR instrument (BioRad; Carlsbad, CA). Changes in gene expression were determined using the Livak method to normalize the genes of interest to the Gapdh “housekeeping gene.” We then analyzed the fold-change data using a Student’s t-test. A Tukey’s test was used to separate means when differences were found. The data show that myotubes transduced with adenovirus encoding HERG experienced a 2.6-fold increase (p<0.02) in HERG mRNA, thus, validating our transduction protocol. The data further reveal that HERG over-expression resulted in a 0.83-fold decrease (p<0.05) in CaSeq1 mRNA at 48 hours after transduction (Figure). Therefore, HERG over-expression does lower CaSeq1 mRNA levels, suggesting that HERG over-expression lowers CaSeq1 gene expression, which can lower CaSeq1 protein abundance by decreasing the amount of mRNA template available for translation. Of course, this does not rule out the possibilities that HERG also affects CaSeq1 protein abundance by post-transcriptional HERG over-expression in C2C12 myotubes lowers calsequestrin 1 mRNA levels. mailto:apond@siumed.edu European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 71 modulation of mRNA or by direct protein degradation. These potential mechanisms for HERG-modulation of CaSeq1 protein abundance remain to be explored. Key Words: HERG; calcium signaling; ryanodine receptors; calsequestrin; myotubes. References 1. Wang, X., G.H. Hockerman, H.W. Green 3rd, C.F. Babbs, S.I. Mohammad, D. Gerrard, M.A. Latour, B. London, K.M. Hannon and A.L. Pond. Merg1a K+ channel induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. FASEB Journal. 2006;20(9):1531-3. 2. Anderson LB, Hameed S, Latour CD, Latour SM, Graham VM, Hashmi MN, Cobb B, Dethrow N, Urazaev AK, Ravara B, Davie JK, Albertin G, Carraro U, Zampieri S, Pond AL. MERG1A protein abundance increases in the atrophied skeletal muscle of denervated mice, but does not affect NFB activity. JNEN. 2021;80(8):776-788. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlab062. 3. Pond AL, Nedele C, Wang W-H, Wang X, Walther C, Jaeger C, Bradley KS, Du H, Fujita N, Hockerman GH, Hannon KM. The MERG1a channel modulates skeletal muscle MuRF1, but not MAFbx, expression. Muscle & Nerve. 49(3):378-388, 2013. PMCID: PMC4056345. 4. Whitmore C, Pratt E, Anderson LB, Bradley K, Latour SM, Hashmi MN, Urazaev AK, Weilbacher R, Davie JK, Wang W-H, Hockerman GH, Pond AL. The ERG1a potassium channel increases basal intracellular calcium concentration and calpain activity in skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal Muscle. 2020;10:1-15. doi.org/10.1186/s13395-019-0220-3. 5. Pond AL, Guha S, LaVigne E, Koran J, Hockerman GH. 2023. The HERG K+ channel increases intracellular calcium in myotubes by modulation of calsequestrin 1. Presented at 2023 Spring Padua Muscle Days, March 28- April 1; University of Padua, Italy. Presentation on line. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 76 Comparison of dysferlin expression in different muscles Marija Meznaric, et al. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: marija.meznaric@uni-li.sl 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 77 New direction of medical imaging transformation Riccardo Forni, Paolo Gargiulo University of Rejkyavik, Iceland Email: paologar@landspitali.is This abstract presents an overview of how medical imaging has evolved with the digitalization of healthcare. It highlights the use of DICOM to standardize the storage and sharing of medical images, enabling improved diagnostics and a deeper understanding of physiological conditions. The work focuses on new directions in medical imaging, specifically in the areas of image segmentation, 3D model rendering, virtual reality, and 3D printing for surgical planning and training. It also mentions the application of virtual histology, medical image features and artificial intelligence to advance clinical assessment and diagnosis. Finally, these advancements in medical image processing technique, highlights the potential impact of these technologies on improving patient care and medical practices. Key Words: advancing assessment and diagnostic; virtual histology; 3D techniques. References 1. Árnadóttir, Íris, Riccardo Forni, Ingvar Ólafsson, Deborah Jacob, and Paolo Gargiulo. "3D printing to advance neurosurgery planning." In Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing, pp. 125-141. Academic Press, 2023. 2. Paolo Gargiulo. Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing, Elsevier book . Academic Press, 2023. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 78 Redlan: an alternative method for analyzing electromyographic data in orthodontics Lanfranco Vespertini Bstat, DSc (Econ), Verona, Italy Email: vespertini@libero.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** mailto:marija.meznaric@uni-li.sl mailto:paologar@landspitali.is mailto:vespertini@libero.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 72 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 79 ChatGPT in the development of medical questionnaires for low back pain Daniele Coraci (1), Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Gianluca Regazzo (1), Giorgia Accordi (1), Jannis V. Papathanasiou (2,3), Stefano Masiero (1) (1) Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Department of Kinesiotherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria; (3) Department of Medical Imaging, Allergology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. E-mail: daniele.coraci@unipd.it Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a web software based on artificial intelligence is showing high potential in every field of knowledge. In the medical area its possible applications are providing promising results,1,2 although concerns were highlighted.3,4 We performed a study to extend the possible usefulness of ChatGPT in assessing low back pain diagnosis and follow-up, asking ChatGPT to generate a questionnaire about this clinical condition.5 We compared the obtained questions and results with those obtained by other validated clinical questionnaires: Oswestry Disability Index, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, Roland- Morris Disability Questionnaire, and Numeric Rating Scale for pain. By enrolling 20 subjects with low back pain we found important consistencies among the validated questionnaires. The ChatGPT questionnaire showed an acceptable significant correlation only with Oswestry Disability Index and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. ChatGPT showed some peculiarities, especially in assessment of quality of life, medical consultation and treatments (Figure 1). Our study shows that ChatGPT can help evaluate patients, including multilevel perspectives. However, further research and validation are required. Key Words: ChatGPT; artificial intelligence; questionnaire; low back pain; rehabilitation; diagnosis and follow-up. References 1. Luo Y, Hu N. Can ChatGPT be a new educational tool in medicine? Med Clin (Barc). 2023 Oct 27;161(8):363-364. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.05.018. Epub 2023 Jul 10. PMID: 37438191. 2. Gordon EB, Towbin AJ, Wingrove P, Shafique U, Haas B, Kitts AB, Feldman J, Furlan A. Enhancing patient communication with Chat-GPT in radiology: evaluating the efficacy and readability of answers to common imaging-related questions. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 Oct 18:S1546-1440(23)00775-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.09.011. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37863153. 3. Dave T, Athaluri SA, Singh S. ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations. Front Artif Intell. 2023 May Results of the artificial intelligence questionnaire. The bar charts indicate the median value of the ordinal variables and the number of treatments. The pie charts indicate the frequency of “yes” and “no” in the answers to the other questions. (Reprinted with permission from: Coraci D, Maccarone MC, Regazzo G, Accordi G, Papathanasiou JV, Masiero S. ChatGPT in the development of medical questionnaires. The example of the low back pain. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 15;33(4). doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12114. PMID: 38112605).5 mailto:daniele.coraci@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 73 4;6:1169595. doi: 10.3389/frai.2023.1169595. PMID: 37215063; PMCID: PMC10192861. 4. Ballester PL. Open Science and Software Assistance: Commentary on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened". J Med Internet Res. 2023 May 31;25:e49323. doi: 10.2196/49323. PMID: 37256656; PMCID: PMC10267777. 5. Coraci D, Maccarone MC, Regazzo G, Accordi G, Papathanasiou JV, Masiero S. ChatGPT in the development of medical questionnaires. The example of the low back pain. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 15;33(4). doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12114. PMID: 38112605. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 80 Neurophysiology and advanced imaging to investigate muscular morphology and function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Daniele Coraci (1), Ugo Carraro (2,3,4), Stefano Masiero (1,3) (1) Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua; (3) CIR-Myo - University of Padua; (4) A-C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy. E-mail: mariachiara.mccarone@phd.unipd.it Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex spinal deformity characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature and vertebral rotation of the spine. It primarily affects adolescents during their growth and development. While the structural aspects of AIS have been extensively studied, there is a growing recognition that a comprehensive understanding of this condition should also consider its impact on muscular morphology and function. For this presentation focused on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and rehabilitation, we conducted a thorough search on PubMed, including trials, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published within the last 10 years, with the aim to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of research regarding muscular morphology and function in AIS. After careful evaluation, we included 127 papers, gathering data on publication year, references to rehabilitation and/or surgery, and various outcome measures. Our findings were visually represented through interconnected pie charts, a bar chart, and a funnel chart, allowing for dynamic visualization. Most of the papers we included in our review focused on surface electromyography (sEMG), while only one delved into evoked potentials. Surprisingly, these electrodiagnostic studies did not explore surgical interventions for scoliosis. Our analysis found no mention of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the sampled articles. Additionally, there was a notable scarcity of electrophysiological assessments for surgical guidance. Our results highlight the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of muscular and sensory pathways, particularly through evoked potentials, which can offer insights into the nervous system's role in the disease's progression and treatment. A multisystem evaluation, particularly when considering muscular function, should become a cornerstone in ensuring effective patient care in the context of AIS. Key words: neurophysiology; electromyography; scoliosis; rehabilitation. References 1. Coraci D, Tognolo L, Maccarone MC, Santilli G, Ronconi G, Masiero S (2022) Water-Based Rehabilitation in the Elderly: Data Science Approach to Support the Conduction of a Scoping Review. Applied Sciences 12:8999. doi: 10.3390/app12188999. 2. Chu WC, Man GC, Lam WW, Yeung BH, Chau WW, Ng BK, Lam TP, Lee KM, Cheng JC. Morphological and functional electrophysiological evidence of relative spinal cord tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Mar 15;33(6):673-80. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b01 3. Zampieri S, Bersch I, Smeriglio P, Barbieri E, Ganassi M, Leeuwenburg C, Rosati R, Gargiulo P, Pond A, Sweeney HL, Carraro U. Five Padua days on muscle and mobility medicine (2024Pdm3) 27 February - 2 March, 2024 at Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, and San Luca Hall, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 18;33(4):12161. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12161. PMID: 38112609; PMCID: PMC10811652. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 81 What we learned about sarcopenia and what Machine Learning reveals Felicita Urzi (1,2), Ornella Caputo (1), Domen Šoberl (2), Marco Narici (1) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, of the University of Padua; (2) Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska. Slovenia. E-mail: felicita.urzi@unipd.it mailto:mariachiara.mccarone@phd.unipd.it mailto:felicita.urzi@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 74 Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with progressive loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, with negative consequences for physical performance, including falls, reduced mobility, frailty, and loss of independence (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010; Goodpaster et al., 2006; Landi et al., 2012). The presence of sarcopenia also affects the course of many chronic diseases, which are among the main causes of death and disability. Although sarcopenia was considered a geriatric syndrome, it has been recognised that other factors can also contribute to its onset or progression. Changes in muscle morphology, neurodegenerative process, anabolic and sex hormone production or sensitivity, protein balance, increased oxidative stress, inflammation (Roubenoff, 2003; Fulle et al., 2004; Can et al., 2016; Coen et al., 2019; Bauer, 2021; Priego et al., 2021) and genetic predisposition (Trajanoska and Rivadeneira, 2019; Urzi et al., 2021), are important risk factors. Besides these endogenous factors, inadequate nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle also contribute to the complex aetiology of sarcopenia (Rolland et al., 2008; Walrand et al., 2011; Volkert et al., 2018; Beaudart et al., 2019, Borg et al., 2016, Mijnarends et al., 2016). Many of them are not modifiable since they are caused by progressive, irreversible processes contributing to reduced muscle mass and strength (Rolland et al., 2008; Cruz-Jentoft nad Sayer 2019). Therefore, there is rising interest in studies that point to the influence of modifiable factors such as nutrition and lifestyle, because these factors may be effective for both the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. The definition and diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia has changed over time, nowadays the most widely accepted definition is that proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) (Cruz- Jentoft et al., 2010) updated as EWGSOP2 consensus paper (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2019). Moreover, the acquired knowledge about the causes and consequences of sarcopenia led to the official recognition of the condition as a muscle disease with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10CM) (M62.84) code (Anker et al., 2016). The cause of sarcopenia is not yet fully understood, but thanks to the use of artificial intelligence such as machine learning (ML), the process of diagnosis (Castillo-Olea et al., 2019; Rozynek et al., 2021), uncovering the biological mechanism (Cernea et al., 2019) and developing precise medicine (Kim et al., 2022) has become easier, faster and more accurate. This is particularly important because early detection of the disease is crucial as it enables more effective treatment outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors contributing to the discrimination of sarcopenia using a ML approach. Data were collected from our previous studies, resulted in a final sample of 484 participants (30% of men; ages ranged from 65 to 97 years; average age 76 years; 18% of sarcopenic participants; 50% free-living older adults and 50% older adults living in a nursing homes) (Urzi et al., 2016, 2017, 2021a, 2021b). We conducted our studies in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The studies were approved by the Republic of Slovenia National Medical Ethics Committee. Body composition and sarcopenia were assessed based on EWGSOP diagnostic criteria. Sarcopenia was also assessed with SARC-F and SARC-CalF test (for details see Urzi et al., 2016). Habitual dietary intake was assessed with the 3- day weighed dietary record over two weekdays and on one weekend day. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in four candidate genes and a total Sarcopenia Genetic Risk Score (SRG) was obtained from our study on 190 participants (Urzi et al., 2021). We investigated the possible predictive model for sarcopenia and associated risk factors using five ML classification algorithms (decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, neural networks, and gradient boosting). The collected data included six features (age, BMI, SARC-F, SARC- CalF, fat mass, total body water) of 484 participants from our previous studies; twenty-eight dietary features and five health (COPD, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, depression) features of 155 participants; thirteen genetic features of 190 participants; and five biochemistry features (S-glucose, S-CRP, S-cholesterol, S- European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 75 triglyceride, S-HDL, S-LDL) of 136 participants. Sarcopenia status was used as the classification label for machine learning. This study shows that in the diagnostic detection of sarcopenia with prediction model (PM)1 has the highest accuracy of 89.5% with GB and the lowest value of 86.6% with NN classification algorithms. The most important features in the PM1 were: SARC-CalF, dietary folate intake (µg/day), age (years), calf circumference (cm), dietary calcium intake (mg/day), and dietary intake of BCAA (g/day). The classification of the probability of sarcopenia based on the features of the PM1 showed high reliability of the final model. The AUC ranged from 0.912–0.806 for the five classifiers. Diagnostic detection of sarcopenia with PM2, identified predictors of risk factors for sarcopenia with an accuracy of 90.7% for GB and the value of 86.0% for DT. The most important features in the PM2 were: calf circumference (cm), SARC-F, BMI (kg/m2), and SRG (/). The reliability of the final PM2 had an AUC between 0.911–0.776, depending on the classifiers. ML is increasingly being used to develop better diagnostic tools in health care, and its usefulness is being recognised in the selection of risk factors and the development of predictive models for many diseases, including growing interest in studies using machine learning (ML) to develop predictive models for patients with sarcopenia (Burns et al., 2020). To date, ML has been applied to automatically segment muscle and adipose tissues from computed tomography (CT) for human body composition analysis and potential use in the detection of sarcopenia (Hemke et al., 2020; Rozynek et al., 2021. The application of ML to analyse medical records, using human subjects' data as features, can effectively detect combinations of variables that are predictive of sarcopenia. This finding emphasises the potential of ML methods to facilitate large-scale and early analysis in sarcopenia discrimination (Burns et al., 2020). Key words: disabilities; functional decline; health; long- term care. References 1. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):16-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169 2. Burns JE, Yao J, Chalhoub D, Chen JJ, Summers RM. A machine learning algorithm to estimate sarcopenia on abdominal CT. Academic radiology. 2020 Mar 1;27(3):311-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.03.011. 3. Ozgur S, Altinok YA, Bozkurt D, Saraç ZF, Akçiçek SF. Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Sarcopenia Diagnosis in Older Adults. InHealthcare 2023 Oct 9 (Vol. 11, No. 19, p. 2699). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192699. 4. Urzi F, Šimunič B, Buzan E. Basis for sarcopenia screening with the SARC-CalF in nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Nov 1;18(11):991-e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.07.011. 5. Urzi F, Pokorny B, Buzan E. Pilot study on genetic associations with age-related sarcopenia. Front Genet. 2021 Jan 11;11:615238. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.615238 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 82 Diagnosis and Follow-up of Muscle Strains: New MRI Approaches Marco Quadrelli (1); Tommaso Baccaglini (1); Aldo Morra (2) (1) Synlab Euganea Medica, Padua, Italy; (2) IRCCS SDN Synlab S.p.A. E-mail: marco.quadrelli@synlab.it Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a highly effective modality for studying muscles and muscle injuries. This abstract explores the various advantages that position MRI as an ideal tool for investigating muscle tissues. The technology offers detailed resolution with excellent spatial and contrast capabilities, facilitating intricate visualization of soft tissues, including muscles. A key attribute is its non- ionizing nature, which ensures safety during repeated exposures and represents a notable departure from ionizing radiation-based techniques. The multifaceted evaluation of muscle tissues is enhanced by diverse MRI sequences and planes, enabling a comprehensive assessment in various contexts. MRI's ability to differentiate soft tissues allows for the identification of mailto:marco.quadrelli@synlab.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 76 lesions, areas of inflammation, and other pathological changes within muscles. Moreover, MRI proves valuable for longitudinally monitoring muscle conditions, facilitating the assessment of the evolution of injuries or muscle diseases over time. Advanced MRI techniques extend beyond morphological examination, delving into functional insights. Functional MRI (fMRI) techniques offer a means to study muscle function in response to specific stimuli or movements. Whole-body MRI effortlessly identifies distinctive patterns of muscle involvement in large anatomical regions. Quantitative MRI advances the evaluation and monitoring of muscle atrophies and lipid infiltration, particularly in entities like muscular dystrophies. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) measures concentrations of specific chemical compounds in muscle tissues, providing insights into the chemical composition and metabolic alterations. Further techniques include Diffusion MRI (DWI), Elastography MRI (MRE), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). These techniques offer insights into water diffusion, tissue elasticity, microstructure of muscle fibers, and perfusion dynamics, respectively. In conclusion, the diverse arsenal of advanced MRI methodologies allows for a thorough and detailed evaluation of muscle tissues and associated pathologies. The selection of specific techniques can be tailored based on the nature of the muscle condition under examination, contributing to enhanced diagnostic accuracy and follow- up assessments. Keywords: muscle strains; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); Functional MRI (fMRI); Quantitative MRI; advanced MRI techniques. References: 1. Malis, V., Vassalou, E. E., Kaniorou-Larai, M. G., et al. (2020). "Advanced MRI approaches for the diagnosis and follow-up of muscle strains." Eur J Radiol, 127, 109031. PubMed PMID: 32097875. 2. Schueller-Weidekamm, C., Schueller, G., Uffmann, M., et al. (2012). "Muscle injuries: Pictorial review of MRI findings." Insights Imaging, 3(3), 279-293. PubMed PMID: 22707174. 3. Heskamp, L., van Laar, P. J., Molthoff, C. F. M., et al. (2018). "Advanced MRI techniques in the monitoring of muscle diseases." Curr Opin Neurol, 31(5), 635-641. PubMed PMID: 29952747. 4. Kim, D., Hong, C., Kim, M., et al. (2019). "Whole- body MRI in the evaluation of muscular dystrophy: A pictorial essay." Korean J Radiol, 20(2), 286-300. PubMed PMID: 30799589. 5. Gielen, J. L., Sherman, J. L., Lee, J. K., et al. (1993). "Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of myopathy: A review." Neurology, 43(1), 18-26. PubMed PMID: 8423907. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 83 MRI patterns of muscle denervation. Simone Perandini Radi.cloud, Verona, Italy E-mail: contatto@radi.cloud Multiple conditions, such as trauma, tumours, neuropathies, infections, autoimmune diseases and vasculitis, can induce muscle denervation. Traditionally, electromyography and clinical examination are used to diagnose muscle denervation. When it comes to both the diagnosis and aetiology of muscle denervation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a clear advantage over the above-mentioned methods because of its ability to provide useful insights on anatomic or pathologic causes. While typical patterns of muscle denervation can often be pathognomonic, it is sometimes difficult to localize nerve entrapment or demonstrate nerve compression lesions with MR imaging. The distinctive signal intensity patterns seen on MRI vary according on the degree of muscle denervation. On fluid-sensitive sequences, denervated muscle exhibits a high signal intensity pattern in the acute and subacute phase. Muscle atrophy and lipid infiltration show significant signal alterations on T1- weighted sequences in correlation with volume loss after chronic denervation. The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate the MRI appearance of peripheral muscle denervation with special emphasis on typical conditions such as Parsonage-Tuner, post-surgical iatrogenic compression, denervation secondary to degenerative disease and to space occupying lesions. Keywords: MRI; muscle denervation; imaging. On the left, primary denervation changes in supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS) muscles, showing intense intramuscular oedema consistent with Parsonage-Turner syndrme. On the right, chronic secondary denervation changes in the right adductor muscles (white arrow) due to obturatory nerve compression by a lymphocele (not shown in the picture). mailto:contatto@radi.cloud European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 77 References 1. Fleckenstein JL, Watumull D, Conner KE, Ezaki M, Greenlee RG Jr, Bryan WW, Chason DP, Parkey RW, Peshock RM, Purdy PD. Denervated human skeletal muscle: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology. 1993 Apr;187(1):213-8. doi: 10.1148/radiology.187.1.8451416. PMID: 8451416. 2. Kamath S, Venkatanarasimha N, Walsh MA, Hughes PM. MRI appearance of muscle denervation. Skeletal Radiol. 2008 May;37(5):397-404. doi: 10.1007/s00256-007-0409-0. Epub 2007 Nov 16. PMID: 18360752. 3. Kim SJ, Hong SH, Jun WS, Choi JY, Myung JS, Jacobson JA, Lee JW, Choi JA, Kang HS. MR imaging mapping of skeletal muscle denervation in entrapment and compressive neuropathies. Radiographics. 2011 Mar-Apr;31(2):319-32. doi: 10.1148/rg.312105122. PMID: 21415181. 4. Yanny S, Toms AP. MR patterns of denervation around the shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Aug;195(2):W157-63. doi: 10.2214/AJR.09.4127. PMID: 20651176. 5. Kumar S, Mangi MD, Zadow S, Lim W. Nerve entrapment syndromes of the lower limb: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 2023 Oct 2;14(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s13244-023-01514-6. PMID: 37782348; PMCID: PMC10545616. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 84 Foot drop syndrome: neurophysiological and ultrasound approach in the evaluation of Peroneal nerve (PN) deficit in Rehabilitation. Emanuele D’Andria, Giulia Mauro, Francesco Piccione, Stefano Masiero Rehabilitation Unit of DNS, University of Padova, Padua, Italy E-mail: emanuele.dandria@studenti.unipd.it The diagnosis of myopathies and neuropathies is of relevant importance in rehabilitation. These pathological entities may present to our attention either in chronic, acute form, or as "Intensive Care Unit acquired weakness" (ICUAW).1 Peroneal nerve (PN) deficit is commonly found in our clinical practice, it is determined by different etiologies. Thus, since the underlying causes of PN damage are different from each other, a tailored approach to the diagnosis of this condition could allow to prevent it and to set up an effective rehabilitation program. It was also imperative to identyfy a diagnositc path that could lead to an accurate definition of the patient's prognosis, applying both neurophysiological and ultrasound studies. We carried out a review of the literature to identify the most useful methods, to create a diagnostic pathway that could be easily applicable in any ambulatory care setting. We then identified the following exams: electromyography (EMG), electroneurography (ENG), direct muscle stimulation (DMS) and muscular tissue ultrasound using the modified Heckmatt scale.2,3,4 These methods are largely applied in clinical practice as single exams, less frequently in combination. The data collected with each method can be used to obtain various information on the neural conduction, on the neuromuscular junccton and the muscular tissue itself. Combining these diagnostic exams, that only require litle resources and time, could give us enough information,4 to ameliorate the allocations of the patient in a rehabilitaton setting, creating a tailored program for the patient based on its pathological characteristics.5 Key words: myopathies; neuropathies, Rehabilitation, Heckmatt scale; DMS. References: 1. Klawitter F, Walter U, Patejdl R, Endler J, Reuter DA, Ehler J. Sonographic Evaluation of Muscle Echogenicity for the Detection of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness: A Pilot Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Jun 2;12(6):1378. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12061378. PMID: 35741188; PMCID: PMC9221760. 2. Rich MM, Bird SJ, Raps EC, McCluskey LF, Teener JW. Direct muscle stimulation in acute quadriplegic myopathy. Muscle Nerve. 1997 Jun;20(6):665-73. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598 (199706)20:6<665 ::aid-mus2>3.0.co;2-6. PMID: 9149072. 3. Shanina E, Smith RG. Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Myopathy. 2022 Oct 17. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 33232053. 4. Wijntjes J, Gerritsen J, Doorduin J, van Alfen N. Comparison of muscle ultrasound and needle electromyography findings in neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve. 2023 Oct 25. doi: 10.1002/mus.27989. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37877239. 5. Mehrholz J, Thomas S, Burridge JH, Schmidt A, Scheffler B, Schellin R, Rückriem S, Meißner D, Mehrholz K, Sauter W, Bodechtel U, Elsner B. Fitness and mobility training in patients with Intensive Care Unit-acquired muscle weakness (FITonICU): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Nov 24;17(1):559. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1687-4. PMID: 27881152; PMCID: PMC5121933. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** mailto:emanuele.dandria@studenti.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 78 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 85 Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis on the surgical outcome of patients with esophagogastric cancer Elisa Sefora Pierobon (1), Giovanni Capovilla (1), Gianpietro Zanchettin (1), Lucia Moletta (1), Simone Corradin (2), Shady Attar (2), Alberto Ponzoni (3), Alessia Scarton (1), Anna Laura De Pasqual (1), Sandra Zampieri (1,5), Roberta Sartori (4,5), Marco Sandri (4,5), Michele Valmasoni (1) (1)Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova; (2) UOC Radiologia, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova; (3) Alliance Medical, Studio Radiologico Diagnostica (Padova); (4) VIMM - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (5) Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Italy Email: elisasefora.pierobon@unipd.it Alterations in muscle mass, sarcopenia and myosteatosis, negatively affect the surgical outcome of patients with cancer.1 Body composition correlation with biochemical markers and impact on surgical outcome in esophagogastric cancers is yet to be fully determined.2 Patients with esophagogastric cancer undergoing resection with curative intent were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial from 2019 to 2022. Patients were assessed at presentation for anthropometric measures, past medical history and bio-humoral markers of nutritional status. Contrast-enhanced CT-scans were used to analyze body composition and to detect low lumbar skeletal muscle index (SMI) and low mean muscle attenuation.3,4 We investigated the association between the presence of low muscle mass and/or myosteatosis and malnutrition or systemic inflammatory state. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Postoperative morbidity, length of hospital and ICU stay and mortality were assessed and compared according to muscle mass and myosteatosis. Independent risk factors for low muscle mass and myosteatosis were investigated. Key words: sarcopenia; myosteatosis; esophagogastric cancer; surgical outcome. References 1. Pressoir M, Desné S, Berchery D, Rossignol G, Poiree B, Meslier M, Traversier S, Vittot M, Simon M, Gekiere JP, Meuric J, Serot F, Falewee MN, Rodrigues I, Senesse P, Vasson MP, Chelle F, Maget B, Antoun S, Bachmann P. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of malnutrition in French Comprehensive Cancer Centres. Br J Cancer. 2010 Mar 16;102(6):966-71. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605578. Epub 2010 Feb 16. PMID: 20160725; PMCID: PMC2844030. 2. Srpcic M, Jordan T, Popuri K, Sok M. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis at presentation adversely affect survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Radiol Oncol. 2020 Mar 27;54(2):237-246. doi: 10.2478/raon-2020-0016. PMID: 32229679; PMCID: PMC7276641. 3. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):16-31. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy169. Erratum in: Age Ageing. 2019 Jul 1;48(4):601. PMID: 30312372; PMCID: PMC6322506. 4. Yip C, Dinkel C, Mahajan A, Siddique M, Cook GJ, Goh V. Imaging body composition in cancer patients: visceral obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity may impact on clinical outcome. Insights Imaging. 2015 Aug;6(4):489-97. doi: 10.1007/s13244-015- 0414-0. Epub 2015 Jun 13. PMID: 26070723; PMCID: PMC4519815. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 - Abstract 86 Calcium Entry Units (CEUs): dynamic intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle fibers Simona Boncompagni CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DNICS - Dept. of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, Univ. G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy Email: simona.boncompagni@unich.it Calcium entry units (CEUs) are recently discovered and characterized exercise-dependent organelles of murine skeletal muscle, proposed to enable rapid recovery of Ca2+ lost during contraction from the extracellular space and thus to maintain high-frequency, repetitive muscle contraction (Boncompagni, et al., 2017).1 CEUs are found at the sarcomere I band and they have a well- defined structural signature due to the association between stacks of multiple flat cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) origin and short, dead-end longitudinal extensions of the transverse tubular (T-Tubule) network. The function of CEUs is defined by the fact that these SR- T-tubules junctions i) contain both STIM1, the Ca2+ sensor in the SR and Orai1, a Ca2+ -permeable channel in the transverse-tubule (T-tubule). which are the critical components of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) (the ubiquitous Ca2+ entry pathway stimulated by depletion of mailto:elisasefora.pierobon@unipd.it mailto:simona.boncompagni@unich.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 79 intracellular Ca2+) and ii) that their presence promote enhanced resistance to fatigue thus functioning as site of Ca2+ entry during repetitive muscle activity (Boncompagni, et al., 2017).1 In muscle, CEUs provide a unique opportunity for close interaction between Orai1 channels of T tubules and STIM1 proteins of the SR (Boncompagni, et al., 2017).1 Indeed, an additional identifying feature of CEUs are small projections in the gap of the cytoplasmic surface of stack elements within CEUs, suggested to be STIM1 molecules which are also present in CEUs of other cells. CEUs are not static organelles indeed while present at low incidence in muscles of resting mice, they are induced to significantly higher incidence in exercised muscles (Boncompagni, et al., 2017; Michelucci et al., 2019; Protasi et al., 2021)1-4 as an exercise-dependent mechanism for SOCE to maintain sustained contractions of muscle fibers. In addition CEUs while assembled dynamically during exercise they disassembled following recovery showing that plasticity of T-tubules is greater than that of the SR (Michelucci et al., 2019).3 A recently published study on muscles from actively humming fish demonstrated not only that CEUs represent a conserved mechanism, across vertebrates, for enabling high levels of repetitive muscle activity, but also helps to strengthen the concept of a dynamic use-dependent assembly of these structures (Kittelberger et al., 2022).5 Key words: Calcium Entry Units; CEUs; dynamic intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle fibers. 1. Boncompagni S, Michelucci A, Pietrangelo L, Dirksen RT, Protasi F. Exercise-dependent formation of new junctions that promote STIM1-Orai1 assembly in skeletal muscle. Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 27;7(1):14286. 2. Michelucci A, Boncompagni S, Pietrangelo L, Takano T, Protasi F, Dirksen RT. Pre-assembled Ca2+ entry units and constitutively active Ca2+ entry in skeletal muscle of calsequestrin-1 knockout mice. J Gen Physiol.; 152(10):e202012617. 3. Michelucci A, Boncompagni S, Pietrangelo L, García-Castañeda M, Takano T, Malik S, Dirksen RT, Protasi F. Transverse tubule remodeling enhances Orai1-dependent Ca2+ entry in skeletal muscle. Elife. 2019; 8:e47576. doi: 10.7554/eLife.47576. 4. Protasi F, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S. Calcium entry units (CEUs): perspectives in skeletal muscle function and disease. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2021 Jun;42(2):233-249. 5. Kittelberger JM, Franzini-Armstrong C, Boncompagni S. Ca2+ entry units in a superfast fish muscle. Front Physiol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1036594. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1036594. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 80 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 87 How to diagnose temporomandibular disorders and the 10 key points in the temporomandibular practice Matteo Val University of Siena, Italy 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 1, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 88 The management of TMD based on multimodal therapy: the state of the art Roberto Rongo University of Naples Federico II, Italy 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 1, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 89 How and when joint surgical therapy is necessary Luca Guarda-Nardini, University of Padua, Italy. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 1, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 90 How and when instrumental diagnostics of the masticatory muscles can tell us something more Claudia Dellavia University of Milan, Italy 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 1, 2024 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 91 Muscle evaluation as an orthodontic prognosis tool Redento Peretta Private practice Via C. Mollino 90, Vicenza, Italy Email: redentoperetta@gmail.com Orthodontic prognosis deals with defining the facial skeletal growth pattern and the response mode to orthodontic treatment. The skeletal growth model is expressed through a rotation of the upper jaw and mandible which can be clockwise or counterclockwise. The facial pattern connected to the anticlockwise rotation is the brachycephalic one while the clockwise rotation is associated with the dolichocephalic one.1 Cephalometric morphological analysis on radiography is able to precisely distinguish these two-growth pattern when the facial model diverges significantly from the average. But the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis decreases greatly when the anthropometric measurements are within the range of ±1SD, especially when the patient is pre-adolescent. Electromyographic analysis can help in the differential diagnosis between these two growth modalities by postulating a different way of using the mandibular elevator muscles by these two different facial morphologies. This diversity is detectable and quantifiable through a simultaneous recording of the muscular activity of the Masseters (MM R&L), of the During maximum clenching, in the dolicofacial growth pattern, the most activated muscle is the Masseter. In the brachyfacial growth model instead the most activated muscle is the Posterior Temporalis. (in both cases see the second pie graph) FRIDAY March 1, 2024 CONFERENCE HALL GRAZIA, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy mailto:redentoperetta@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 81 activity of the anterior part of the Temporalis (TA R&L) and of the activity of the posterior part of the Temporalis (TP R&L) expressed in the maximal voluntary clench (MVC). The value of the differential activation index ATT between masseters and temporalis is measured separately for the two pairs TA/MM and TP/MM.2,3 The positive or negative value and the absolute value of both activation indices allows us to functionally differentiate the two skeletal growth patterns. The electromyographic analysis and the cephalometric morphological analysis are usually congruent and allow us to accurately predict the evolution of growth even when the case in question has cephalometric values close to the average. This observation is congruent with the functional matrix hypothesis according to which there would be a different form-function relationship in the two patterns of facial growth.4 Key words: surface electromyography; facial growth; form and function relationship; orthodontic treatment; prognosis in orthodontic treatment. References 1. Bjork A. Facial growth in man, studied with the aid of metallic implants. Acta Odontol Scand. 1955 Jun;13(1):9-34. Doi: 10.3109/00016355509028170. PMID: 14398173. 2. Naeije M, McCarroll RS, Weijs WA. Electromyographic activity of the human masticatory muscles during submaximal clenching in the inter- cuspal position. J Oral Rehabil. 1989 Jan;16(1):63- 70. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01318.x. PMID: 2746406. 3. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Colombo A, Ciusa V. An electromyographic investigation of masticatory muscles symmetry in normo-occlusion subjects. J Oral Rehabil. 2000 Jan;27(1):33-40. Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00490.x. PMID: 10632841. 4. Moss ML, Salentijn L. The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth. Am J Orthod. 1969 Jun;55(6):566-77. Doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(69) 90034-7. PMID: 5253955. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 92 Temporomandibular disorders (TMD): clinical implications for the Orthodontist Giacomo Begnoni Department of Oral Health Sciences, of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: giacomo.begnoni@uzleuven.be Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a group of 81dhesion81eletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles and the associated tissues with a reported prevalence of up to 45% for muscle pain, 41% for disc derangement disorders, and up to 30% for joint pain disorders. Historically, patients with TMDs are often referred to the attention of orthodontic specialists as the symptoms are often misdiagnosed and attention is often diverted to morphologic aspects secondary to the management of the patient’s reported complaints. The orthodontist is thus faced with cases where the clinical management can be complex from an orthodontic point of view, and unsatisfactory in terms of symptoms resolution, with a consequent inevitable frustration for both the patient and the caregiver. Identifying patients with TMD is therefore crucial in planning (or not) an orthodontic treatment. Aetiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities are reported through the presentation of clinical cases of patients with TMD referred to the department of Orthodontics at the University Hospital of Leuven (Belgium). Key words: temporomandibular disorders; orthodontics; muscle pain; dental occlusion. References 1. Dellavia CPB, Begnoni G, Zerosi C, Guenza G, Khomchyna N, Rosati R, Musto F, Pellegrini G. Neuromuscular Stability of Dental Occlusion in Patients Treated with Aligners and Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Preliminary Electromyographical Longitudinal Case-Control Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Sep 1;12(9):2131. Doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12092131. PMID: 36140532; PMCID: PMC9498023. 2. Manfredini D, Stellini E, Gracco A, Lombardo L, Nardini LG, Siciliani G. Orthodontics is temporomandibular disorder-neutral. Angle Orthod. 2016 Jul;86(4):649-54. Doi: 10.2319/051015-318.1. Epub 2015 Oct 29. PMID: 26512757; PMCID: PMC8601478. 3. Greene CS, Manfredini D. Treating Temporomandibular Disorders in the 21st Century: Can We Finally Eliminate the “Third Pathway”? J Left: MRI coronal view of the TMJs with bilateral signs of condylar resorption and arthrosis associated with effusion. Right: Frontal intraoral picture with negative overbite (openbite) in a case of ICR. mailto:giacomo.begnoni@uzleuven.be European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 82 Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2020 Summer;34(3):206- 216. Doi: 10.11607/ofph.2608. PMID: 32870949. 4. Olliver SJ, Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Farella M. Occlusal Features and TMJ Clicking: A 30-Year Evaluation from a Cohort Study. J Dent Res. 2020 Oct;99(11):1245-1251. Doi: 10.1177/0022034520936235. Epub 2020 Jul 13. PMID: 32660369. 5. Michelotti A, Iodice G. The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2010 May;37(6):411-29. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2842.2010.02087.x. Epub 2010 Apr 9. PMID: 20406353. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 93 Children’s oro-facial muscular dysfunctions. Dangerous consequences on their oral and general health. Importance of their myofunctional treatment Bedros Yavru-Sakuk New York, USA Presentation on site. No abstract. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 1, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 94 Lecture History and perspectives of translational myology Giorgio Fanò-Illic (1,2,3) 6. Free University of Acatraz (Gubbio, PG); (2) Interuniversity Institute of Myology; (3) A-C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Italy. E-mail: fanoillic@gmail.com Once upon a time Giovanni Vincenzo Borelli that was a man of science (also catholic bishop)1 wrote a superb book: “De motu animalium” a splendid text for his modernity. In the «De motu animalium» (1680), you can find the exact decryption of what happens to induce and develop muscle contraction. In the book it is possible to read: 1. To produce muscle contraction, there are two causes of which one exists in the muscles (contractile proteins) and the other comes from outside (nerve impulse). 2. the impulse to movements can not be transmitted from the brain by other means than by the nerves; and the experiences are moreover evident in this; 3. therefore it is necessary to admit that some bodily substance, a “pungitiva acredine” (the neurotransmitter Ach) spreads to the end of the nerve to irritate the muscle; 4. and that a “commotion” (action potential) is created which can in a blink of an eye (E-C coupling) produce the swelling of the muscle (contraction)”. More than 200 years later, a laboratory mistake marked the beginning of the Ca2+ era in muscle contraction. Sidney Ringer in the 1883 (J. Physiol.4, 29-43, 1883) had suspended frog hearts in a saline solution for which he admitted that he had used, by ERROR, the tap water in London that was rich in calcium in place of distilled water. Under these conditions the heart had continued to beat for many hours while this did not occur if distilled water or other calcium-ion-free solutions were used. At the beginning of the 20th century, Emilio Veratti published the description of an elaborate form of reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle fiber but the results of his paper did not have an adequate diffusion. Veratti’s work was rediscovered by Stanley H. Bennett and Keith R. Porter, who took care of the republication in English in 1961. Today, we know precisely which reticular structures are capable of coupling the excitation of the muscle membrane with the fibre contraction (Protasi and Franzini-Armstrong 1998). Another fundamental passage occurs in the mid 50s of the last century. In fact, 1954 was a memorable year for myology because it was proposed by A.F. Huxley and Niedergerke as well as H.E. Huxley and Hanson, at the same time and on the same issue of Nature,2 the theory of sliding filaments to explain muscle contraction. A few years later, Annemarie Weber showed that very low concentrations of Ca2+(µM) are necessary to induce ATP hydrolysis in actomyosin substrates and Ebashi and Kodama identified the target for the calcium ion on the thin filaments the calcium binding protein, troponin C. Thus, the main structures and muscle contraction protagonists were known. In the early 1970s, the systematic study of the specificity of the proteins that make up the fast fibres began. Mammalian skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types, whose identity is first established during embryonic development by intrinsic myogenic control mechanisms, and is later modulated by neural and hormonal factors. A complete analysis of this scenario 82dhesiibed in great detail by Schiaffino et al (FEBS J. 2013) a few years ago. But myogenesis is not only an embryonic phenomenon because it also occurs during adult life thanks to the presence of stem cells that were first identified by Alexander Mauro in a memorable paper of only three pages and without co-authors describes for the first time the presence of satellite cells which are located between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of individual myofibers (J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961). The myogenic mailto:fanoillic@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 83 capacity is so strong that even muscles reduced to less than 10% of their initial volume by prolonged denervation can regain mass through continuous stimulation.3 The muscle, if it has no load and / or innervation, undergoes processes of atrophy (autophagy) that directly involve the lysosome by the transcription network of the FoxO factor as showed also by Sartori and Sandri (Nat Commun. 2021) in these last years. The fundamental importance of physical exercise in slowing down muscle decay or facilitating recovery after debilitating diseases is now well established in the management of both sarcopenia related to oxidative stress (Fanò-Illic G, Fulle S. Antioxidant 2022) and post- infectious phases such as ME/CFS or Long Covid (Coscia et al EJTM 2023). In the new millennium, skeletal muscle is also considered an endocrine tissue. Clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called “myokines”, suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ able to act with effects autocrine, paracrine, endocrine.4 In particular, several skeletal-muscle secreted myokines, facilitates muscle-bone crosstalk and skeletal remodeling in part by its action on osteoblasts and osteocytes. This concept of muscle-bone crosstalk at a molecular level is particularly interesting in the mandible, due to its tight anatomical relationship with one of the biggest and strongest masticatory muscles, the masseter. On other hand, one must take into account that the masticatory system is a complex and highly organized group of structures, including craniofacial bones (maxillae and mandible), muscles, teeth, joints, and neurovascular elements (Koolstra, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002). By analysing the pathophysiological implications of myokine induced muscle-bone crosstalk in the masticatory system, it is conceivable that defining the mechanisms of muscle-bone interchange in the masticatory system will open up a new scenario for understanding and treating temporomandibular disorders, which severely impair the patient’s quality of life, with high costs for diagnosis and management.5 From https://researchgate.net/publication/288836698 European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 84 Key words: muscle history; myogenesis; myokines; muscle-bone cross-talk,;masticatory muscles. References 1. G.A. Borelli “De motu animalium”, Romae idibus Augusti 1680 2. Huxley, A.F., Niedergerke, R. 1954. Nature 173: 971- 973; Huxley, H.E. Hanson J. 1954. Nature 173: 973- 76 3. Carraro U, Boncompagni S, Gobbo V, Rossini K, Zampieri S, Mosole S, Ravara B, Nori A, Stramare R, Ambrosio F, Piccione F, Masiero S, Vindigni V, Gargiulo P, Protasi F, Kern H, Pond A, Marcante A. Persistent Muscle Fiber Regeneration in Long Term Denervation. Past, Present, Future. Eur J Transl Myol. 2015 Mar 11;25(2):4832. Doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2015.4832. PMID: 26913148; PMCID: PMC4383182. 4. Mancinelli R, Checcaglini F, Coscia F, Gigliotti P, Fulle S, Fanò-Illic G. Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 7;22(16):8520. Doi: 10.3390/ijms22168520. PMID: 34445222; PMCID: PMC8395159. 5. Buvinic S, Balanta-Melo J, Kupczik K, Vásquez W, Beato C, Toro-Ibacache V. Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in the Masticatory System: From Biomechanical to Molecular Interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 1;11:606947. Doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020. 606947. PMID: 33732211; PMCID: PMC7959242. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 95 Oral care for the patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation in systemic diseases Elena P. Ivanova (1), Ekatrina A. Khromova (2), Irina A. Ruslyakova (3), Vladimir A. Grosser (4, 5) (1) Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; (2) Department of General Dentistry, Mechnikov North- Western State Medical University; (3) Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation named after V.L. Vanevsky, Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University; (4) Faculty of General Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; (5) Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia E-mail: elenapivanova7@gmail.com Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disease in which insulin production is reduced or absent or the sensitivity of cells to Insulin is impaired (insulin resistance), which leads to inappropriately high levels of glucose in the blood – hyperglycemia. DM aggravates the dental status of patients. One of the first complaints is a subjective feeling of dryness in the mouth – xerostomia. It may be associated with thirst (due to dehydration caused by polyuria), sensory dysfunction (as a result of peripheral neuropathy), changes in the qualitative composition of saliva, or dysfunction of the salivary glands leading to an objective decrease in salivary secretion (hyposalivation). Xerostomia can also be a side effect of medications used to treat diabetes. Not all patients who complain of dry mouth have hyposalivation. The degree of hyposalivation is reported to correlate with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the blood.1 Reduced saliva secretion leads to disturbances in speech, chewing and taste perception. Moreover, the protective function of the oral fluid in conditions of hyposalivation is compromised. Other oral conditions associated with diabetes mellitus include poor hygiene indices, a higher risk of caries and periodontal diseases, etc.2 To alleviate xerostomia and protect the oral mucosa in patients with diabetes mellitus, it is advisable to use specialized oral hygiene products that have a moisturizing effect. Promising results have been shown in clinical studies of toothpaste containing potassium alginate and xylitol. When using the specified combination of components, an improvement in hygiene indices and a stimulating effect on salivation in patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation associated with type II diabetes mellitus have been shown.3 Moreover, the use of toothpaste with xylitol and alginate can alleviate the severity of mucositis in children receiving combination chemotherapy for cancer.4 Regarding control of microbial adhesion, the ability of xylitol/alginate containing toothpaste to prevent the84dhesionn of Candida albicans fungi to cultures of human myofibroblasts is of great importance.5 The report will present clinical cases of the use of toothpaste containing xylitol and alginate in patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid pathologies. Candida Albicans Adherence Control by Alginate/Xylitol Containing Toothpaste mailto:elenapivanova7@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 85 Key words: diabetes mellitus; xerostomia; hyposalivation; candida albicans; xylitol alginate toothpaste. References: 1. Rohani B. Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2019 Sep 15;10(9):485-489. Doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i9.485. PMID: 31558983 2. Mauri-Obradors E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Jané-Salas E, Viñas M, López-López J. Oral manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22(5):e586-e594. Doi: 10.4317/medoral.21655. PMID: 28809366 3. Kulik I.V., Soboleva T.U., Khromova E.A., Gordeeva V.A., Yevseeva I.K., Gordeeva M.V. Effectiveness of xylitol and alginate containing toothpaste in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and type II diabetes suffering from xerostomia. Parodontologiya. 2021;26(1):65-71. (In Russ.) doi.org/10.33925/1683- 3759-2021-26-1-65-71 4. Aleksandrova O.A., Vinnichenko Yu.A., Dmitrieva N.A. Oral microbiocenosis in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis. 2016; 3:77-81. (In Russ.) 5. Kupets T. Candida Albicans Adherence Control by Alginate / Xylitol Containing Toothpaste. IADR 2021 Continental European and Scandinavian Divisions Meeting (Brussels, Belgium, Hybrid), Final Presentation ID: 0275. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 96 Orthopedic-orthodontic therapy of transverse expansion of the palate: is the adaptation of the masticatory muscles possible and in how long time? Beatrice Sfondrini, Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Andrea Scribante, Francesca Ferrante, Riccardo Rosati UDA di Ortognatodonzia e Odontoiatria Infantile – Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche – Università degli Studi di Pavia Email: beatrice.sfondrini01@universitadipavia.it Rapid palatal expansion is a widely accepted procedure and is recommended to correct maxillary constriction, in particular related to posterior crossbite. Opening of the median palatine suture promotes the increase of maxillary width and dental arch perimeter, but its effects on the neuromuscular system are not clear yet. Electromyography (EMG) is a noninvasive exam which evaluates the masticatory muscle activity by facial application of electrodes on masseter (MM) and anterior temporalis (TA) muscles. The aim of this prospective clinical study is to analyze electromyographic activity of MM and TA in maximum voluntary clenching (MVC) in patients undergoing maxillary expansion with rapid palatal expander (RPE). Standardized surface electromyography was used to evaluate the activity of the masticatory muscles (MM and TA) before the beginning of the orthodontic treatment with RPE (t0), at the end of expansion (t1), and 6 months (t2) after the end of the activation of the RPE. 22 healthy patients were recruited (9 boys and 13 girls) aged 6 to 17 years with maxillary contraction. 20 completed the protocol while 2 performed only the first 2 measurements. The data gathered were evaluated with repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA test). Results did not show statistically significant differences of the analyzed electromyographic indices, before and after RPE. Although there was no statistical significance, the main indices showed a reduction at t1, compared to t0, but at t2 EMG activities increased again. These preliminary results show that RPE appears neutral on the neuromuscular system, although further studies are needed to either confirm or deny this hypothesis. Key words: surface electromyography; masticatory muscles; rapid palatal expansion. References: 1. Di Palma E, Tepedino M, Chimenti C, Tartaglia GM, Sforza C. Longitudinal effects of rapid maxillary expansion on masticatory muscles activity. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 May 1;9(5):e635-e640. Doi: 10.4317/jced.53544. PMID: 28512539; PMCID: PMC5429474. 2. Michelotti A, Rongo R, Valentino R, D’Antò V, Bucci R, Danzi G, Cioffi I. Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion. Eur J Orthod. 2019 Jan 23;41(1):46-53. Doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjy019. Erratum in: Eur J Orthod. 2019 Jan 23;41(1):109. PMID: 29688483. 3. Spolaor F, Mason M, De Stefani A, Bruno G, Surace O, Guiotto A, Gracco A, Sawacha Z. Effects of Rapid Palatal Expansion on Chewing Biomechanics in Left photo: ERP. Right photo: placement of surface electrodes https://doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-1-65-71 https://doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-1-65-71 mailto:beatrice.sfondrini01@universitadipavia.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 86 Children with Malocclusion: A Surface Electromyography Study. Sensors (Basel). 2020 Apr 7;20(7):2086. Doi: 10.3390/s20072086. PMID: 32272810; PMCID: PMC7180919. 4. McNamara JA. Maxillary transverse deficiency. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 May;117(5):567- 70. Doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(00)70202-2. PMID: 10799117. 5. De Rossi M, De Rossi A, Hallak JE, Vitti M, Regalo SC. Electromyographic evaluation in children having rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Sep;136(3):355-60. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.027. PMID: 19732669. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 97 Chewing changes after periodontal treatment Gaia Pellegrini Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano E-mail: gaia.pellegrini@unimi.it Periodontitis is a chronic infectious and inflammatory condition of tooth supporting structures that leads anatomical changes of the masticatory system. During masticatory activity, muscles, in particular masseter and temporalis, work in synergy with each other and are controlled by the central nervous system through neuromuscular pathways whose activation also depends on the activity of periodontal receptors [1]. The destruction of periodontal supporting structures induces the loss of these receptors and the instability of the dental occlusion due to the tooth mobility. These changes may impair the occlusion related function of masticatory muscles [2, 3]. The treatment of periodontal disease leads to the control of the inflammation and the reduction of tooth mobility. The aim of this research has been to evaluate the changes occurring in the neuromuscular activity of masticatory muscles after resolution of periodontal inflammation by means of standardized superficial electromyography (ssEMG). Seven subjects with stage III, grade B periodontitis were included. Their function of masseters and temporalis was screened and analyzed in clenching and kinematic activity with ssEMG. Activation Index, Torque Coefficient, Impact Coefficient, Asymmetry Index, Percentage Overlapping Coefficient (POC%), both for these muscles were computed and compared to data of healthy subjects from already published studies that applied the same methodology. Key words: periodontal disease; masticatory muscle activity; ssEMG periodontal treatment. References: [1] Trulsson M. Force encoding by human periodontal mechanoreceptors during mastication. Arch Oral Biol. 2007 Apr;52(4):357-60. Doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.09.011. Epub 2006 Nov 9. PMID: 17097045. [2] Johansson AS, Svensson KG, Trulsson M. Impaired masticatory behavior in subjects with reduced periodontal tissue support. J Periodontol. 2006 Sep;77(9):1491-7. Doi: 10.1902/jop.2006.050355. PMID: 16945024. [3] Lobbezoo F, Trulsson M, Jacobs R, Svensson P, Cadden SW, van Steenberghe D. Topical review: modulation of trigeminal sensory input in humans: mechanisms and clinical implications. J Orofac Pain. 2002 Winter;16(1):9-21. PMID: 11889663 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 98 An interdisciplinary approach in clinical- instrumental evaluation of motor skills in athletes with disabilities Elena Giannotti, Federico Ristoldo (1, 2) (1) UOC Odontostomatologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; (2) FIPIC (Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro in Carrozzina). E-mail: fristoldo@asst-pg23.it It is estimated that only 4-6% of people with disabilities participate in regular physical activity on the national territory There are still too many young people who experience their disability mainly in the family context and contacts in society are often represented by medical visits, school attendance and IT channels; Reassuring environments for parents, but which risk increasing or reinforcing the concepts of disability, dependence and diversity in them Addressing the world of Disability in Sport, where physical, mental and neurosensory ssEMG analysis of masseters and temporalis muscles during maximum voluntary teeth clenching in periodontally inflamed patient. mailto:gaia.pellegrini@unimi.it mailto:fristoldo@asst-pg23.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 87 problems often coexist, requires an interdisciplinary approach for a better clinical-diagnostic and therapeutic framework of athletes The various disabilities require an adequate refinement of our knowledge so that it is useful for improving the residual abilities of these athletes. The occlusal component can be caused or adaptations in the complex system of postural control and clinical evaluations involve an in-depth and multidisciplinary knowledge of the systems that govern it, in order to implement the most appropriate therapeutic strategies to improve the athletic gesture The exteroceptive component of the eye is integrated into a complex postural tonic system, which includes the vestibular, gnathological and proprioceptive breech systems, allowing constant adaptation in both static and dynamic conditions. Athletes, both able-bodied and Paralympic, are usually subject to logistical movements, have lower sporting performance related to poor sleep quality and eating disorders. The SIOS (Italian Society of Sports Odontostomatology) follows athletes with disabilities with particular attention, proposing a clinical- instrumental approach dedicated to the study of the main postural receptors and problems relating to the prevention of oral health, dental-facial trauma, correct nutrition and sleep disorders. Key words: oral health; salivary factors; disability; osas. References: 1. D’Ercole S, Ristoldo F, Quaranta F, Amaddeo P, Tripodi D.Analysis of oral health status and of salivary factors in young soccer players: a pilot study. Med Sport 66 (1): 71-80, 2013 [I.F. 2013 = 0.125] 2. Giovanditto F, Soma D, Vaira LA, Pispero A, Lombardi N, Ristoldo F, Mariani U, Pizzi S, Isola A, Smania P, Albanese M, D’Agostino A, Appendino P, Scatà E, Raho MT, Gobbi R, Carta E, Massarelli O, Lumbau A, Spano G, De Riu G. Recommendations for a safe restart of elective aerosol-generating oral surgery procedures following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: An Italian multicenter study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2022 May;50(5):462-467. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2022.02.004. Epub 2022 Mar 2.PMID: 35430134 3. Shields N, Synnot A. Perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with disability: a qualitative study. BMC Pediatr. 2016 Jan 19;16:9. Doi: 10.1186/s12887-016- 0544-7.PMID: 26786677 4. Wright A, Roberts R, Bowman G, Crettenden A. Barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation for children with physical disability: comparing and contrasting the views of children, young people, and their clinicians. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Jun;41(13):1499-1507. Doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1432702. Epub 2018 Jan 30.PMID: 29382235 5. Morriën F, Taylor MJD, Hettinga F J. Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017 May;12(5):578-589. Doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199. Epub 2016 Dec 5.PMID: 27918675 Review 6. Fagher K, Lexell J. Sports-related injuries in athletes with disabilities. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Oct;24(5):e320-31. Doi: 10.1111/sms.12175. Epub 2014 Jan 15.PMID: 24422719 Review. 7. Benton ML, Friedman NS . Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with nasal positive airway pressure improves golf performance .J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Dec 15;9(12):1237-42. Doi: 10.5664/jcsm.3256.PMID: 24340283 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 99 Speech therapy in dental treatment plan Claudia Lucia Pimenta Ferreira (1,2) (1) Logos Academy; (2) Laboratory of Applied Morphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy E-mail: claudialpferreira@gmail.com One system (stomatognathic system), two specialties (dentistry and speech therapy) and a common objective: seeking balance in the relationship between dentofacial morphology and orofacial functions. From this perspective, interdisciplinary work has become increasingly relevant in clinical practice. In the literature it is possible to find several studies considering the interdisciplinarity between dentistry and speech therapy. Some of them highlighted interdisciplinary work between Speech Therapy and areas of Dentistry.1-3 The interaction of speech therapy treatments with dental patients usually goes beyond inappropriate tongue behavior or “atypical” swallowing. There are several functional difficulties that occur, unbalancing the morphology and the function in the stomatognathic system. They can present themselves as a cause or a consequence of changes in dentofacial morphology and even as a consequence of the dental intervention. Among them, we can mention: presence of oral habits, alterated swallowing, alterated tongue positioning, difficulties with chewing, changes in breathing, difficulties with speech articulation after the installation of the device, functional re-education after prosthetic rehabilitation, functional balance for treat orofacial pain, etc. In an ideal world, speech therapy and dentistry, joining forces, seek early diagnosis and therapeutic planning with greater benefits for patients. In the real world, knowledge and points of convergence between these two areas are not always well defined. There are some issues that are not completely clear to both professionals. This makes mailto:claudialpferreira@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 88 interdisciplinarity hard, in the daily activities of each of them. It is still common for many professionals to question when and how to refer a patient; what the speech therapist can do in different cases; what is the hierarchy of treatments; how to articulate the knowledge and practices of each of these two specialties to offer a better structured and effective treatment. In this sense, it is necessary that each of the professionals (dentist and speech therapist) knows the objectives and benefits of the treatment proposed by each team member. That is, the view of the case should not be purely speech-language pathology or purely dentistry, but interdisciplinary. Nor should this interdisciplinarity be casual or for convenience, but the most interesting thing is that it be fluid and everyday. With the necessary knowledge and constant interdisciplinary interactions we can create more well-established and effective prevention and (re)habilitation behaviors. In some countries, the Speech Therapist is responsible for patients with orofacial myofunctional disorders by orofacial myofunctional therapy, a treatment based on exercises that aims to promote proprioception, tonicity and mobility of facial and cervical muscles. They include stomatognathic functions, i.e., breathing, chewing, swallowing and speech, although this application has been suggested and applied in different cases, with results demonstrating a reduction in the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders,4 snoring and obstructive sleep apnea,5 and in orthodontic cases,3. In these cases, there seems to be a consensus that the essential role of the speech therapist is to promote the stability of the treatment carried out by orthodontists, functional jaw orthopedists and/or pediatric dentists, especially preventing recurrences. This presentation aims to discuss cases in which clinical monitoring by professionals in both speech therapy and dentistry is recommended. Finally, make both professionals aware that orofacial myofunctional treatment should be part of a daily collaboration plan in the search for balance in the stomatognathic system. Keewords: interprofessional relations; dentistry; speech therapy; myofunctional therapy. References 1. Santos Mendes AC, Costa A; Nemr K. O papel da fonoaudiologia na ortodontia e na odontopediatria: avaliação do conhecimento dos odontólogos especialistas. Rev. CEFAC 2005 Jan-Mar;7(1):60-67. 2. Silva TR, Canto GL. Dentistry-speech integration: the importance of interdisciplinary teams formation. Rev. CEFAC. 2014 mar-apr;16(2):598-603. Doi.org/10.1590/1982-02162014222-12 3. Cenzato N, Iannotti L, Maspero C. Open bite and atypical swallowing: orthodontic treatment, speech therapy or both? A literature review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2021 Dec;22(4):286-290. Doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2021.22.04.5. PMID: 35034464. 4. Melis M, Di Giosia M, Zawawi KH. Oral myofunctional therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review. Cranio. 2022 Jan;40(1):41-47. Doi: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1668996. Epub 2019 Sep 17. PMID: 31530110. 5. Camacho M, Guilleminault C, Wei JM, Song SA, Noller MW, Reckley LK, Fernandez-Salvador C, Zaghi S. Oropharyngeal and tongue exercises (myofunctional therapy) for snoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Apr;275(4):849-855. Doi: 10.1007/s00405-017-4848-5. Epub 2017 Dec 23. PMID: 29275425. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 2024Pdm3 March 1 – Abstract 100 Malocclusion and Scoliosis: is there a correlation? Sabina Saccomanno, Fabio Scoppa, Giuseppe Messina San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy E-mail: giuseppe.messina@uniroma5.it Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Studies of scoliosis show evidence of the existence of three components: frontal, sagittal, and axial. Its etiology is still under analysis, but it is evident that there are various causes that can determine this condition. From an etiopathogenetic point-of-view, the spinal deformity caused by idiopathic scoliosis may be defined as a sign of a complex syndrome with a multifactorial etiology. Its connection with malocclusion is confirmed by several studies, but until now it has not been well understood how these aspects influence each other. Malocclusion is an alteration of the physiological relationship between the upper and the lower teeth that can be classified as either dental or skeletal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between scoliosis and malocclusion. We enrolled 646 patients (554 females and 67 males), 447 with scoliosis and 177 without, from private dental and orthopedic practices, where they all had a dental examination and an orthopedic analysis, and who answered to an anonymous questionnaire. The study adds further confirmation that there might be an important connection between malocclusion and scoliosis. It suggests that dentists and orthopedists be advised to check, as early as possible, for the probable presence of both pathologies to avoid a severe progression which, in most cases, may require significant therapy and even surgery. We will highlight the important presence of temporomandibular/orofacial pain disorders in patients affected by scoliosis, with a higher frequency than in the ones who are without this spinal deformity. Key words: scoliosis; malocclusion; TMJ; orofacial pain; tongue posture. mailto:giuseppe.messina@uniroma5.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 89 References 1. Masucci C, Oueiss A, Maniere-Ezvan A, Orthlieb JD, Casazza E. Qu’est-ce qu’une malocclusion ? [What is a malocclusion?]. Orthod Fr. 2020 Jun 1;91(1-2):57- 67. 2. Negrini, S., Donzelli, S., Aulisa, A.G. et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis 13, 3 (2018) 3. Newton PO, Osborn EJ, Bastrom TP, Doan JD, Reighard FG. The 3D Sagittal Profile of Thoracic Versus Lumbar Major Curves in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2019 Jan;7(1):60-65. 4. Schlösser TP, van Stralen M, Brink RC, Chu WC, Lam TP, Vincken KL, Castelein RM, Cheng JC. Three-dimensional characterization of torsion and asymmetry of the intervertebral discs versus vertebral bodies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Sep 1;39(19):E1159-66. 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 – Abstract 101 Determination of the central position of the mandible in patients with myo- and arthropathies Mariana Dimova-Gabrovska (1,2) (1) Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the Medical University of Sofia; (2) Faculty of Dental medicine of the Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: marianadimova@abv.bg The subject of modern methods of diagnosis, preprosthetic preparation and rehabilitation of the masticatory apparatus in patients with craniomandibular dysfunctions (CMD) is current and significant.1-3 Patients suffer from pain and tension in the masticatory muscles,4,5 acute and chronic dysfunctions in the mandibular joints and postural problems. In addition to analyzing the prevalence and clinical presentation of pathology in patients with myo- and arthropathies associated with CMD, it is necessary to determine how dentists treat these patients. Understanding that any change in occlusion changes the position of the lower jaw and has a direct impact on the function of the mandibular joints poses important gnathological questions – what is the therapeutic position in the joint, what are the parameters that determine it, what should be the pre- prosthetic preparation of the masticator apparatus for the successful and reproducible logging of this position. In 2015, the final dissertation work on this topic with author M. Dimova-Gabrovska was defended in Bulgaria.4,5 For the first time, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of the chewing apparatus were presented to the dental community in the country. A new protocol for pre- prosthetic preparation of patients with myo- and arthropathies has been introduced. The author’s aim is to obtain objective information on the initial parameters of the height of occlusion and the central positi’n of the lower jaw, based on a study of the prevalence of craniomandibular dysfunctions, in which the pre- prosthetic preparation with occlusal mediators and the final prosthetic treatment of patients with myo – and arthropathies. The current prevalence of craniomandibular dysfunctions and the methods for determining the central position of the mandible are the object of observation. Units of observation are seven hundred dentists in Bulgaria. The results obtained show that the 95% confidence interval of dentists (5.86%) who treat their patients in a position other than the existing central occlusion is in very low percentage ranges – from 4.11% to 7.60%. This means that for the population of dentists in Bulgaria, the prognosis regarding the taking of functionally-based initial parameters for prosthetics of patients with myo- and arthropathies is not optimal. There is a need to conduct and publish new studies in this area. Key words: craniomandibular disorders; masticatory system; myopathy; arthropathy; central position. References Patient M.G., 43 years old. Angulated sagittal sections in the centric condylar position of the left TMJ and Occlusal appliance in centric condylar position. Intraorally adjusted occlusal appliance in centric condylar position. Pictures from dissertation for DSc M. Dimova-Gabrovska 2015.4,5 mailto:marianadimova@abv.bg European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 90 1. Scrivani S, Keith D, Kaban L. Temporomandibular disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359: 2693-2705. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra0802472 2. Durham J., Newton-John T., Joanna M. Temporomandibular disorders. The BMJ 2015;Mar. 350:1154. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1154 3. Hoffmann G, Kotchen J, Kotchen A, Cowley T, Dasgupta M, Cowley W, Temporomandibular Disorders and Associated Clinical Comorbidities. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2011. March/April, DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820215f5 4. Dimova-Gabrovska M. Algorithm for Computerized Analysis of Static, Dynamic and Functional Occlusion in Patients with Bruxism and Bruxomania. Comptes rendus de l’Académie bulgare des Sciences. 2019, 72(2): 259-266. DOI: 10.7546/CRABS.2019.02.16 ISSN 1310-1331 (Print), ISSN 2367-5535 (Online). 5. Dimova-Gabrovska M. Thermographic Assessment of Structural Analysis in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders. Comptes rendus de l’Académie bulgare des Sciences. 2018, 71(5): 712- 716. DOI: 10.7546/CRABS.2018.05.17 ISSN 1310- 1331 (Print), ISSN 2367-5535 (Online). ***** European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 91 2024Pdm3 March 2 – Abstract 102 Mimiking short-term immobility and early rehabilitation in an animal model Laura Pietrangelo (1,2), Barbara Girolami (1,2), Barbara Ravara (3), Gaia Laurenzi (4), Alice Brasile (1,2), Elena. Monti (5), Marzia Maino (3), Matteo Serano (1,2), Stefan Loefler (6,7), Gabrilella Dobrowolny (4), Nejc Sarabon (8), Helmut Kern6 (7), Antonio Musarò (4), Sandra Zampieri (3,9)*, Feliciano Protasi (1,2)*. (1) CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology; University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (2) DMSI, Dept. of Medicine and Aging Sciences; Univ. G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (3) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; (4) DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Rome, Italy; (5) Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; (6) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (7) Physiko- und Rheuma- therapie, Institute for Physicial Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Poelten, Austria; (8) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia; (9) Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology & CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Italy. Email: feliciano.protasi@unich.it Proper muscle function is ensured by several mechanisms. The correct communication between muscle and nerve at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has a direct influence on muscle trophism, which in turn is ensured by proper rate of protein synthesis and balance between expression of genes that regulates atrophy and hypertrophy. Contractility is controlled by myofibrils, which must be laterally aligned, supplied by ATP produced by mitochondria, and activated by Ca2+, which is provided by triads during excitation contraction (EC) coupling and supplemented by Ca2+ entry units (CEUs) during prolonged activity. We have previously demonstrated that muscle trophism and integrity of NMJ, mitochondria, triads, and CEUs are all challenged in conditions in which muscle activity is reduced, such as denervation, ageing, sedentary life style, etc. This poses a problem in patients that are forced to reduced activity, or even immobilization, for extended periods due to the need of surgical procedure such and knee or hip replacement. One solution to prevent decay of muscle function would be to develop strategies to reduce as much as possible the inactivity of patients pre-and post- operation (for example: functional electrical stimulation, water training to reduce load, etc). Here we have tested - in a mouse model - the effect of short-term immobilization of one limb (casting for 6 days) and early rehabilitation (treadmill training for 2 week starting immediately after removal of the casting device) to verify the beneficial effect of limiting inactivity on muscle function. Our results indicates that even short-term disuse causes significant alterations in muscle fibers (destabilization of the NMJ, activation of signaling pathways that lead to atrophy, disarray of intracellular organelles, etc.), though that early rehabilitation promptly counteracts those effects re-establishing quite effectively the pre-immobilization conditions. Key words: short-term immobility; early rehabilitation; animal model. References 1. Protasi F, Girolami B, Roccabianca S, Rossi D. Store- operated calcium entry: From physiology to tubular aggregate myopathy. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;68:102347. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102347. Epub 2023 Jan 4. PMID: 36608411. 2. Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 5;33(4):10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012. PMID: 38058287; PMCID: PMC10811640. 3. Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 5;33(4):10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012. PMID: 38058287; PMCID: PMC10811640. SATURDAY March 2, 2024 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy mailto:feliciano.protasi@unich.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 92 3. Girolami B, Serano M, Di Fonso A, Paolini C, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F. Searching for Mechanisms Underlying the Assembly of Calcium Entry Units: The Role of Temperature and pH. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 10;24(6):5328. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065328. PMID: 36982401; PMCID: PMC10049691. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 103 Insights into muscle atrophy and wasting: modelling, mechanisms and countermeasures Antonio Musarò Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy Email: antonio.musaro@uniroma1.it To date, the underlying causes and mechanisms of muscle wasting associated with different pathologic conditions are not completely understood. In this context, animal models greatly contributed to the identification of molecular networks involved in the establishment of metabolic alterations and wasting events. Nevertheless, the field has awaited the generation of appropriate in-vitro experimental models. The aim was to limit the use of animal models, thus satisfying the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) and providing a framework for performing more humane animal research, and on the other hand to guarantee the generation of complex dynamics tissues “in a dish”. Although cell lines assure consistency and simple manipulation, they cannot reproduce key in-vivo conditions such as the complexity of host tissues.1 Strategies involving tissue engineering have been developed to circumvent limitations of both in-vivo and in-vitro approaches, contributing to the study of mechanisms underlying disease onset/progression and to the identification of therapeutic targets. In our laboratories has been developed a scaffold-free 3D engineered skeletal muscle tissue from murine primary cultures, namely the ex-vivo muscle engineered tissue (X-MET).2 The X-MET recapitulates, in-vitro, morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics of skeletal muscle.2,3 The X-MET is composed by a heterogeneous population of cells structurally organised in lengthwise disposed myotubes, connective layers and vessel-like structure, allowing nutrient diffusion.2 A key advantage of this model is the possibility to measure functional parameters such as spontaneous contraction and contractile force, further strengthening the rationale of using the X-MET to estimate critical outcomes of therapeutic approaches.2-4 Using these experimental approaches, we characterised mechanisms underlying the establishment of the cachectic phenotype, monitoring molecular and morpho- functional changes over time. We thus validated the role of specific pathways and the impact of key factors on muscle disease, testing specific compounds. In this context it is worth reporting that we recently validated the X-MET, cultured with C26 adenocarcinoma cell medium, as a reliable model of cancer cachexia.5 By using this model, faithfully recapitulating key features of cachexia in vitro, we investigated the role of IL-6 signalling in the induction of atrophic pathways enhancing muscle catabolism and apoptosis. We revealed that X-MET is also a reliable 3D drug screening system. Keywords: tissue engineering; 3D muscle tissue modeling; cachexia; muscle wasting; drug screening. References: 1. Duval K, Grover H, Han LH, Mou Y, Pegoraro AF, Fredberg J, Chen Z. Modeling Physiological Events in 2D vs. 3D Cell Culture. Physiology (Bethesda). 2017 Jul;32(4):266-277. doi: 10.1152/physiol. 00036.2016. PMID: 28615311; PMCID: PMC5545611. 2. Carosio S, Barberi L, Rizzuto E, Nicoletti C, Del Prete Z, Musarò A. ‘Generation of eX vivo- vascularized Muscle Engineered Tissue (X-MET)’, doi: 10.1038/srep01420. 3. Pisu S, Cosentino M, Apa L, Musarò A, Rizzuto E, Del Prete Z. Measuring the Maximum Power of an ex vivo Engineered Muscle Tissue with Isovelocity Shortening Technique, IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2404–2411, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TIM.2019.2904071. 4. Apa L, Cosentino M, Forconi F, Musarò A, Rizzuto E, Del Prete Z. The Development of an Innovative Embedded Sensor for the Optical Measurement of Ex-Vivo Engineered Muscle Tissue Contractility. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Sep 12;22(18):6878. doi: 10.3390/s22186878. PMID: 36146227; PMCID: PMC9502572. 5. Cosentino M, Forcina L, Zouhair M, Apa L, Genovese D, Boccia C, Rizzuto E, Musarò A. Modelling three-dimensional cancer-associated cachexia and therapy: The molecular basis and therapeutic potential of interleukin-6 transignalling blockade. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023 Dec;14(6):2550-2568. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13329. Epub 2023 Sep 20. PMID: 37727078; PMCID: PMC10751446. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** mailto:antonio.musaro@uniroma1.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 93 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 104 Determinants and predictors of muscle mass, function and mobility: observations in young and old subjects Sandra Zampieri (1,2,3) (1) Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: sanzamp@unipd.it In the last decades, the extended human longevity resulted in increasing numbers of senior individuals in the general population, and interventions focused to the maintenance of muscle mass and strength are important for an active ageing linked to a healthy ageing. Aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by immunological, hormonal, and nutritional factors. With age, the reduction of muscle mass, strength and resistance are typically observed.1 Muscle disuse due to sedentary lifestyle of elderlies accounts for frailty and fragility and it is clearly associated with an impaired structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. Several studies revealed that in the older people the muscle weakness of the lower extremities or the reduction in balance and mobility capabilities, are major factors contributing to falls in these people. Falls can lead to bone fractures, that are associated with physical disabilities, reduced quality of life, increased mortality, and rise in health care costs. Physical exercise represents a good option invoking a mixture of metabolic, hormonal, neural and mechanical stimuli that can altogether contribute to the improvement of skeletal muscle morphology and performance, also enhancing the quality of life of trained elderly subjects.2 The 2020 WHO guidelines for physical activity in young adults and old populations is to perform 150-300 minutes of multimodal program of moderate and/or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week.3 In the present study, we examined the effects of physical activity in young adult and in ageing with respect to muscle morphology, ultrastructure, and gene expression, strength and mobility parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, and circulating biomarkers of inflammation and neuromuscular junction stability. Four groups of young adult and seniors stratified by age and their level of physical activity above and below the WHO recommended range participated to the study.2-7 Descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression analyses of all collected data were performed in order to identify determinants and potential predictors of muscle mass, strength, and mobility. Key words: ageing; muscle loss; physical exercise; strength; mobility References 1. Abud T, Kounidas G, Martin KR, Werth M, Cooper K, Myint PK. Determinants of healthy ageing: a systematic review of contemporary literature. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Jun;34(6):1215-1223. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021-02049-w. Epub 2022 Feb 8. PMID: 35132578; PMCID: PMC8821855. 2. Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Atherton PJ. The age- related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev. 2018 Nov;47:123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07. 005. Epub 2018 Jul 23. PMID: 30048806; PMCID: PMC6202460.. 3. Garatachea N, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Morán M, Emanuele E, Joyner MJ, Lucia A. Exercise attenuates the major hallmarks of aging. Rejuvenation Res. 2015 Feb;18(1):57-89. doi: 10.1089/rej.2014.1623. PMID: 25431878; PMCID: PMC4340807. 4. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, Carty C, Chaput JP, Chastin S, Chou R, Dempsey PC, DiPietro L, Ekelund U, Firth J, Friedenreich CM, Garcia L, Gichu M, Jago R, Katzmarzyk PT, Lambert E, Leitzmann M, Milton K, Ortega FB, Ranasinghe C, Stamatakis E, Tiedemann A, Troiano RP, van der Ploeg HP, Wari V, Willumsen JF. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;54(24):1451-1462. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955. PMID: 33239350; PMCID: PMC7719906.. 5. Senefeld JW, Hunter SK. Are masters athletic performances predictive of human aging in men and women? Movement & Sport Sciences 2019;104:5-12. 6. Gava P, Ravara B. Master World Records show minor gender differences of performance decline with aging. Eur J Transl Myol. 2019 Aug 2;29(3):8327. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8327. PMID: 31579476; PMCID: PMC6767836. 7. Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Dec 5;33(4):10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012. PMID: 38058287; PMCID: PMC10811640. . 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 mailto:sanzamp@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 94 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 105 Hydrotherapy: aspect of loads Nejc Šarabon (1-3), Manca Opara (1), Tamara Logar (1) (1) University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia; (2) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (3) Innorenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia Email: nejc.sarabon@fvz.upr.si Hydrotherapy describes exercises performed in water and is often used for rehabilitation due to its physical and physiological benefits.1,2 The buoyant force of water counteracts gravity and supports the weight of the body, reducing stress on the joints and the intensity of pain.3 When immersed in water up to the level of the xiphoid process, the buoyant force reduces the weight load by 70% compared to standing on dry land.4 Therefore, people who cannot tolerate the mechanical stress of exercise on land can achieve positive physical and physiological responses in water.2 In addition, the warm water temperature contributes to muscle relaxation, stress relief and reduction of muscle stiffness.5 Understanding the different stresses to which the human body is subjected during exercise in water compared to exercise on land is key to the correct prescription of this therapy.6 The most recent systematic review on the beforementioned topic was published in 2016 and compared the biomechanics of gait, closed kinetic chain and plyometric exercises when performed in water and on land.7 To our knowledge, there are no articles that would represent the scope and content of research on the topic of measuring loads (both musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory) during exercise in water. Therefore, our aim was to systematically review all research articles published on the topic of measuring cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal workload during any type of exercise activity in water. The search was conducted in December 2023. We searched the PubMed database using a search string divided into two parts. The first part contained synonyms for the aquatic environment (e.g., »in water«, »aquatic-based« and »water training«) and the second part contained synonyms for measured outcomes in the domains of kinematic and kinetic measurements (e.g., »load«, »force«, and »torque«), muscle activation (e.g., »EMG« and »muscle act*«), and cardiorespiratory measurements (e.g., »VO2max«, »oxygen uptake«, and »aerobic capacity«). Of the 2110 articles, 247 articles met our inclusion criteria. Relevant articles were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and categorized as follows: ''Forces'', ''Movement Analysis'', ''Cardiorespiratory Measurements'', ''Muscle Activity'', and ''Other''. There were 35 articles that fell into the "Forces" category. In these articles, the ground reaction force or centre of pressure was measured during various exercises (running, kicking, squat jumps, countermovement jumps, initial contact and final stance during walking). The articles in the "Movement analysis" category (63 articles in total) mainly analysed the following movements in the water: swimming, walking, running and forward arm lift. In the articles from the category 'Cardiorespiratory measurement' (96 articles in total), the following results were measured most frequently: oxygen uptake, gas exchange, heart rate, perceived exertion, ventilation and blood pressure during exercises, running or cycling in the water. In 42 articles, muscle activity in the trunk, upper and lower limbs was measured during swimming, jogging, squat jumps, countermovement jumps, walking or the timed up-and- go-test. Articles that fell into ''Other'' category, measured other musculoskeletal outcomes such as: fatigue, leg soreness and muscle oxygenation. In the following steps of our work, we will review, compare and present in detail the research articles that focused on measuring ground reaction forces during various exercises/movements in water environment. By reviewing and comparing the articles in this category, we aim to develope a nuanced understanding of how the aquatic environment affects force dynamics during various exercises, including running, kicking, squat jumps, countermovement jumps, and different phases of walking. Through this analysis, our research aims to provide targeted recommendations for the prescription and optimization of exercises in water, considering the unique challenges and benefits of hydrotherapy. This focused approach will help healthcare professionals, therapists, and researchers tailor hydrotherapy interventions to specific musculoskeletal conditions, and ultimately improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation and physical training in aquatic settings. Key words: hydrotherapy; ageing; muscle loss; physical exercise; strength; mobility. References: 1. Bartels EM, Juhl CB, Christensen R, Hagen KB, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Dagfinrud H, Lund H. Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar. 23;3(3):CD005523. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD005523.pub3. PMID: 27007113; PMCID: PMC9942938. doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005523.pub3 2. Cuesta-Vargas AI, Cano-Herrera CL. Surface electromyography during physical exercise in water: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2014 Apr 15;6(1):15. doi: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-15. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 24731774; PMCID: PMC4129181. 3. Yázigi, F., Espanha, M., Vieira, F., Messier, S. P., Monteiro, C., & Veloso, A. P. (2013). The PICO project: aquatic exercise for knee osteoarthritis in overweight and obese individuals. BMC mailto:nejc.sarabon@fvz.upr.si European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 95 musculoskeletal disorders, 14, 320. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-320 4. Alberton CL, Nunes GN, Rau DGDS, Bergamin M, Cavalli AS, Pinto SS. Vertical Ground Reaction Force During a Water-Based Exercise Performed by Elderly Women: Equipment Use Effects. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2019 Dec;90(4):479-486. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1620910. Epub 2019 Jun 11. PMID: 31184984. 5. Song JA, Oh JW. Effects of Aquatic Exercises for Patients with Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Mar 16;10(3):560. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10030560. PMID: 35327038; PMCID: PMC8955208. 6. Becker BE. Aquatic therapy: scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation applications. PM R. 2009 Sep;1(9):859-72. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.05.017. PMID: 19769921. 7. Heywood S, McClelland J, Geigle P, Rahmann A, Clark R. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, force and muscle activation outcomes during gait and functional exercise in water compared to on land: A systematic review. Gait Posture. 2016 Jul;48:120-130. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.033. Epub 2016 May 16. PMID: 27236637. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 106 Results of a new model of rehabilitative transitional care for geriatric patients Chiara Vetrano (1), Eva Ritter (2), Theresa Wahrstätter (3), Sternbauer Eva-M. (2), Patricia Riedl (1, 2), David Riedl (1), Michael J. Fischer (1, 2), Vincent Grote (1). (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) Rehabilitationszentrum Kitzbühel, Austria; (3) Altenwohnheim Kitzbühel, Kurz- und Übergangspflege Kitzbühel, Austria. *E-mail: Vincent.Grote@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at The demands and conditions of health care and nursing are increasing, presenting a challenge for all involved. The prevalence of chronic diseases and injuries also increases with age. Rehabilitation is essential to address physical limitations and maintain quality of life, participation and independence. Due to their health and care needs, older people often lack access to inpatient follow-up treatment (Medical Rehabilitation, WHO Phase II). Transitional care can serve as an important bridge between acute care and rehabilitation. Inpatient transitional care can last up to 12 weeks and aims to help geriatric patients regain independence at home and avoid long-term care. In a single-arm longitudinal study in 2022/23, rehabilitative transitional care was examined with 90 patients immediately after an acute hospitalization in the Kitzbühel retirement home. Qualified transitional care was provided in a specialized nursing home linked to a rehabilitation outpatient facility. In addition to skilled nursing and medical care, the patient received physiotherapy, coordination training, medical training therapy for endurance and strength, occupational therapy, and physical therapies such as thermotherapy, electrotherapy, and hydrotherapy. The study used standardised outcome measures to assess the patients' need for care (Barthel Index, HAQ), quality of life (pain, EQ5D) and physical function (Timed Up-and- Go Test, 10m gait speed) at four different times. At T1 admission, T2 after a three-week stay, T3 at the time of discharge, and T4 approximately six months after admission to transitional care. The analysis sample consisted of 57 individuals (80.7% women) with a mean age of 82.1 ± 7.5 years and a length of stay in transitional care of more than 14 days (mean length of stay: 42 ± 22 days; postoperative time: 2 ± 1 week). There was a significant improvement from T1 to T3 In the three domains analysed (need for care: p<.001***, η2multiv. = 0.620; quality of life: p<.001***, η2multiv. = 0.749 and physical function: p<.001***, η2multiv. = 0.406). At follow-up phase (T4), 86% of patients were able to return home, with 14% of them receiving 24-hour care. Private support was provided for an average of 11.5 ± 10.6 hours per week, while professional support was provided for an average of 6.4 ± 7.5 hours per week. The remaining 14% of the patients were living in a long-term care facility. The study presents a new rehabilitation pathway for geriatric patients that has been developed and evaluated. The study highlights the challenges faced by older people with multimorbidity who require care and are unable to access inpatient rehabilitation due to their poor general health. The results confirm the importance of transitional rehabilitative care as a link between acute care and follow-up rehabilitation. Key words: geriatrics; hospitalization; transitional care; rehabilitation. References 1. Grote V, Fischer MJ. Outcomes of early rehabilitation in elderly patients. In S. Zampieri, M. V. Narici, P. Gargiulo, & U. Carraro (Eds.), Abstracts of the 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (2023Pdm3). European Journal of Translational Myology. 2023; 33(1), 11247: 74-75. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11247. PMID: 36786151; PMCID: PMC10141763. 2. Grote V, Unger A, Böttcher E, Muntean M, Puff H, Marktl W, Mur E, Kullich W, Holasek S, Hofmann P, Lackner HK, Goswami N, Moser M. General and Disease-Specific Health Indicator Changes Associated with Inpatient Rehabilitation. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21(12):2017.e10-2017.e27. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.034. PMID: 32736990. mailto:Vincent.Grote@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 96 3. Strasser B, Grote V, Bily W, Nics H, Riedl P, Jira I, Fischer MJ. Short-Term Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Physical Recovery in Older Patients at Risk of Malnutrition during Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Healthcare. 2023; 11(16):2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162317. PMID: 37628515; PMCID: PMC10454391LBI Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 107 Mentalizing pain – The influence of depression on the association of mentalizing and pain severity in patients with rheumatic diseases: secondary results from a randomized controlled trial David Riedl (1,2), Karnik J. (3), Lampe A. (1,5), Kirchhoff C. (2), Vincent Grote (1), Labek K. (4), Schirmer M. (3) (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; (3) University Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; (4) Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; (5) VAMED Rehabilitation Center Montafon, Schruns, Austria. E-mail: david.riedl@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at Depressive symptoms frequently coexist with rheumatic diseases, impacting pain levels and coping mechanisms. The bidirectional relationship between pain and depression is well-documented, with loneliness emerging as a common risk factor associated with both conditions.1 Loneliness, characterized by perceived social isolation, is linked to elevated pain and depression levels. Research suggests shared brain mechanisms and immunometabolic pathways connecting loneliness with increased pain and depression.2 However, loneliness is not solely explained by objective indicators like the number of social contacts. Attachment experiences in childhood and later life are believed to significantly influence susceptibility to isolation and depression. One potential mediator between childhood attachment experiences and psychological well-being is an individual's capacity for mentalizing. Mentalizing is a mental process enabling individuals to understand and represent inner mental states, including thoughts, needs, emotions, wishes, desires, and bodily experiences like pain.3 Empirical findings on the association between mentalizing, pain experiences, and loneliness in chronic pain patients are limited. This secondary analysis, using data from a randomized controlled trial with 76 patients with rheumatic diseases,4,5 aimed to investigate mentalizing as a protective factor. Participants completed the Pain Coping Scale, depression scale, Mentalization Questionnaire, UCLA loneliness scale, and pain severity items from the German Pain Questionnaire at baseline (T1) and after 4.5 months (T2). Structural equation models (SEMs) and mediation analyses with the SPSS PROCESS macro (v4.1) were employed. At baseline, 82.8% of patients reported at least mild pain severity, with 28.9% reporting moderate to severe pain. Baseline mentalizing significantly correlated with higher pain severity at follow-up (β=-.30; p=.025), explaining 9% of its variance. Depression at follow-up was significantly linked to pain severity (β=.57; p=.001), fully mediating the direct association between mentalizing and pain severity (p=.77). The explained variance in pain severity increased to 35%. Loneliness at follow-up did not mediate this association (p = .61) but was associated with Step 1: Direct association between mentalizing (T1) and pain severity (T2) Step 2: Mediation effect of depression (T2) on the association of mentalizing (T1) and pain severity (T2) Step 3: Sequential mediation of loneliness (T2) and depression (T2) on the association of mentalizing (T1) and pain severity (T2) mailto:david.riedl@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 97 depression (β=.27; p=.038). The study findings suggest that the ability to mentalize, encompassing recognition and understanding of one's own physical and mental states, could enhance the processing of unpleasant experiences. This, in turn, enables individuals to cope with emotional distress more effectively, avoiding less functional coping mechanisms. Therefore, the capacity for mentalization may influence the emotional processing of pain-related experiences. The authors propose the implementation of mentalization-oriented manuals in pain treatment for practitioners across professions to improve the care of chronic pain patients. Additionally, they advocate for further research in this field to deepen our understanding of these relationships. Key words: mentalization; chronic pain; depression; loneliness; rheumatic disease. References 1. Zheng CJ, Van Drunen S, Egorova-Brumley N. Neural correlates of co-occurring pain and depression: an activation-likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):196. Published 2022 May 11. doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01949-3 2. Eisenberger NI. The pain of social disconnection: examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(6):421-434. Published 2012 May 3. doi:10.1038/nrn3231 3. Bateman AW, Fonagy P. The development of an attachment-based treatment program for borderline personality disorder. Bull Menninger Clin. 2003;67(3):187-211. doi:10.1521/bumc.67.3.187.23439 4. Karnik J, Riedl D, Schirmer M. Improved social functioning and role functioning in rheumatic patients using a non-verbal communication tool: Results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot-study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1142350. Published 2023 Apr 14. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1142350 5. Kasper LA, Pfeifer AC, Volkert J, Schiltenwolf M, Taubner S. [Mentalizing the pain-Implementation of a mentalization-based manual for the therapeutic support of pain patients.]. Schmerz. Published online April 18, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00482-023-00709-6 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 108 Is Isokinetic Dynamometry a useful assessment for physical function post- knee and hip arthroplasty? Ferdinand Prüfer 1,†*, Monika Pavlović 3,†, Špela Matko 1, Stefan Löfler 1, Michael J. Fischer 1, 2, Nejc Šarabon 1, 4, 5,‡ and Vincent Grote 1,‡ (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, A-1100 Vienna, Austria; (2) Vamed Rehabilitation Center Kitzbühel, Kitzbühel, Austria; (3) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Slovenia; (4) University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia; (5) Innorenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia. † FP and MP both fulfilled the role of the first authors ‡ NŠ and VG both fulfilled the role of the lead authors. Email: ferdinand.pruefer@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at Evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation outcomes commonly relies on physical function assessments, employing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinician-reported outcome measures (CROMs) such as Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Stair Climb Test (SCT), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), and lower limb muscle strength. Isokinetic dynamometry is regarded as the gold standard for assessing muscle strength, a recognized key determinant of physical function. While it is reasonable to assume that changes in physical function are reflected by corresponding changes in isokinetic muscle strength, the associations between these changes remain inadequately explored. This study seeks to investigate the interplay between changes in isokinetic muscle strength and changes in physical function among patients undergoing rehabilitation following total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty. A cohort of 20 TKA and THA patients (age 66.6±7.8) underwent isokinetic strength measurements for knee extensors and flexors, alongside physical function assessments using WOMAC, HAQ, 10MWT, SCT, and TUG two weeks pre- and ten weeks post-surgery, after 4 weeks of outpatient rehabilitation. Effect size statistics (η2) were used to capture the magnitude of score changes, and the relationship between changes in isokinetic muscle strength and physical function measures was expressed through Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r). Significant post-surgery improvements were observed in WOMAC, HAQ, 10MWT, SCT, and TUG (η2multivariate=0.795, p<0.001). Surprisingly, none of the isokinetic peak torque parameters demonstrated significant improvements (η2multivariate=0.439, p=0.387). However, muscle performance in terms of total work done over the entire set exhibited a significant increase for both extension and flexion at 60°/s in the operated leg (η2=0.221, p=0.031; η2=0.233, p=0.027). Moderate correlations between changes in some isokinetic peak torque parameters and changes in 10MWT, HAQ, SCT, and TUG were identified (r ranging from 0.45 to 0.56, p<0.05). Notably, no significant correlations were found between changes in isokinetic muscle strength and WOMAC. Isokinetic peak torque of knee extension at 180°/s on the operated side exhibited the highest number mailto:ferdinand.pruefer@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 98 of significant correlations of change scores with 10MWT, HAQ, SCT, and TUG (̳mean r=0.5, p<0.05). Despite muscle strength being commonly regarded as a key determinant of physical function, changes in isokinetic peak torque may not accurately reflect changes in the construct of physical function after knee and hip arthroplasty. The modest changes in isokinetic peak torque from pre- to post-surgery prompt questions about the role of isokinetic testing as a measure of treatment effectiveness or indicator of improvement in TKA and THA rehabilitation. However, other parameters of muscle performance, such as total work done, exhibit significant changes and might be better suited than isokinetic peak torque. This underscores the need for more suitable assessment methods for muscle performance in this context. Further research is essential to validate these results and enhance our understanding of the relationship between muscle strength and physical function. Key words: muscle strength; physical functional performance; rehabilitation; arthroplasty, replacement, hip; replacement, knee. References Prüfer, F., Pavlović, M., Matko, Š., Löfler, S., Fischer, M. J., Šarabon, N., & Grote, V. Responsiveness of Isokinetic Dynamometry in Patients with Osteoarthritis after Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: a prospective repeated- measures cohort study. Healthcare. (submitted). 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 109 Comparing rehabilitation programmes using different types of outcome measures Špela Matko (1)*, Monika Pavlović (2), Ferdinand Prüfer (1), Stefan Löfler (1), Michael Fischer (1,3), Nejc Šarabon (1,4,5), Vincent Grote (1) (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Slovenia; (3) Vamed Rehabilitation Center Kitzbühel, Kitzbühel, Austria; (4) University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia; (5) Innorenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia. *E-mail: spela.matko@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at Knee and hip arthroplasty have been shown to significantly improve patients’ health related quality of life. Despite well-structured rehabilitation programmes, post-arthroplasty patients often experience persistent limitations, including residual pain, joint stiffness, and functional restrictions, which prevent them from achieving the health status observed in healthy adults (1). In Austria, standard inpatient rehabilitation is considered a successful practice for hip or knee arthroplasty patients. The recovery process typically takes three months before rehabilitation patients can fully reintegrate into their social and occupational roles (2). The outpatient remobilisation after total knee and hip arthroplasty programme (3) was developed with the aim of accelerating the improvement of joint mobility, providing convenient therapeutic interventions, restoring occupational functionality and facilitating faster social reintegration. The aim of this analysis is to compare the results of different rehabilitation protocols after knee and hip arthroplasty with those of healthy adults. The matched data set, which ensured homogeneity of sex, age and BMI, comprised 363 participants (mean age: 67.4 ± 9.1 years; 71.6% female) categorized into three subgroups: patients who underwent standard rehabilitation (SR), patients who underwent early rehabilitation (ER), and healthy control subjects. Outcome assessment focused on patients' subjective perceptions of quality of life using the EQ-5D questionnaire and objective assessments of functional mobility using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the outcomes of both rehabilitation programmes and compare them to those of healthy controls. Correlation tests were used to examine the relationship between self-reported quality of life and objectively measured functional mobility. Starting with different postoperative timelines, the ER group started rehabilitation 2.0 ± 1.1 weeks after surgery, whereas the SR group started rehabilitation 9.6 ± 3.8 weeks after surgery. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the three groups in self- reported quality of life (p < 0.001, eta² = 0.123) and functional mobility (p < .001, eta² = 0.073). The EQ5D Index scores in the control group (0.94 ± 0.06) were higher than those in the ER group (0.88 ± 0.09) and SR group (0.84 ± 0.08) after rehabilitation programme. Similarly, the control group showed superior performance on the TUG (7.35 ± 0.9 sec) compared to the ER group (8.92 ± 2.08 sec) and standard group (9.69 ± 2.54 sec). A significant negative correlation (r = -0.29, p < 0.001) was observed between patients’ self-reported quality of life and objectively measured functional mobility. This finding suggests that improved functional mobility is associated with higher self-reported quality of life in post-arthroplasty patients. In contrast, no such correlation was found in the healthy control group (r = - 0.07, p = 0.689). Despite well-implemented rehabilitation programmes, the analysis shows that it was not possible to achieve a quality of life and functional mobility comparable to that of healthy adults. However, the slightly better outcomes in the ER group compared with the SR group suggest potential benefits of starting rehabilitation earlier in the postoperative period. These findings highlight the correlation between health-related quality of life and functional mobility after total knee arthroplasty and the importance of customised mailto:spela.matko@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 99 interventions to optimise health outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis. Key words: Arthroplasty; quality of life; rehabilitation programme; early rehabilitation; healthy control subjects References 1. Bade, M. J., Kohrt, W. M., & Stevens-Lapsley, J. E. (2010). Outcomes before and after total knee arthroplasty compared to healthy adults. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 40(9), 559-567. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3317 2. Grote, V., Unger, A., Bottcher, E., Muntean, M., Puff, H., Marktl, W., Mur, E., Kullich, W., Holasek, S., Hofmann, P., Lackner, H. K., Goswami, N., & Moser, M. (2020). General and Disease-Specific Health Indicator Changes Associated with Inpatient Rehabilitation. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 21(12), 2017 e2010-2017 doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.034 3. Löfler, S., Matko, Š., Cvecka, J., & Vajda, M. (2022). Early Onset of Therapy after Knee or Hip Replacement: AMB-REMOB a new concept in outpatient rehabilitation. Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10521. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 110 Rehabilitation rethought - Searching for success factors Chiara Vetrano (1); Grenier JP (1); Riedl P (1,2), Riedl D (1), Christea D (1, 2), Adamer K (2), Fischer M.J (1,2) Grote V. (1) (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) Rehabilitationszentrum Kitzbühel Betriebs-GmbH, Austria E-Mail: chiara.vetrano@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at In the field of orthopaedic rehabilitation, there are two types of outcome measures available to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy: 1. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and 2. Clinician-Reported Outcome Measures (CROMs). It is possible to identify and characterize patients' rehabilitation success as either good, poor or discrepant based on PROMs and CROMs, which can provide an indication of critical success factors (CSFs). CSFs are specific factors (e.g. patient characteristics, therapeutic approaches, interdisciplinary collaboration, …) that significantly contribute to the success of a rehabilitation outcome. The so-called discrepant performers pose a challenge. This refers to patients who show deviating results in individual outcome parameters during rehabilitation, e.g. patients achieve a significantly improved value in objectively measured physical functioning, but at the same time report reduced subjective well-being (Zdravkovic et al. 2022).1 The identification of CSFs will make it possible to design more individualized rehabilitation programs for patients in the future and to optimize treatment paths and sustainability. To date, there is little knowledge about those factors - CSFs - that enable the sustainable transfer of rehabilitation success into everyday life. Patient’s and Clinician’s experience can provide valuable perspectives that stimulate novel approaches. By prospectively testing these CSFs, we aim to derive measures for potential integration into daily clinical rehabilitation practices, optimizing treatment paths and sustainability. PROMs and CROMs will be used to identify patients with best, poor, and discrepant outcomes according to established clinical-scientific criteria, based on patient documentation from the Kitzbühel Rehabilitation Centre. Anonymised patient files displaying different treatment outcomes will be provided to rehabilitation patients and healthcare professionals to work with. During the three- week rehabilitation programme, patients and clinicians will develop CSFs through individual and group work. Moderated weekly face-to-face meetings will be held at the centre outlined. These meetings will facilitate the design of a questionnaire to describe and assess rehabilitation outcomes more accurately. After the rehabilitation stay, participants will evaluate their own rehabilitation outcomes using the digital questionnaire they aided in designing. The study embraces the principles of Open Innovation in Science (OIS), emphasizing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborations across scientific disciplines and with society. The inclusive perspective actively integrates patient and clinician voices into the current state of scientific research. Working with patients and health professionals, the primary aim of this study is to identify critical success factors (CSFs) for rehabilitation. Our methodology involves collaborating with patients and representatives of healthcare professions to analyse the best, worst, and discrepant performers, namely patients who demonstrate considerably different outcomes during their rehabilitation process. In the future, recording CSFs in a standardized way might explain discrepancies in different rehabilitation perfomers and possibly enable novel and individualized treatment programs.2-5 This will allow the rehabilitation program to be individually tailored to the CSFs and the patients' needs. Key words: public and patient involvement and engagement; rehabilitation; outcome measures; moderating factors. References (1) Zdravkovic, A., Grote, V., Pirchl, M., Stockinger, M., Crevenna, R., Fischer, M. J. (2022). Comparison of patient-and clinician-reported outcome measures in lower back rehabilitation: Introducing a new integrated performance measure (t2D). Quality of Life Research, 31(1), 303-315. mailto:chiara.vetrano@rehabilitation.lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 100 (2) Bily W, Jauker J, Nics H, Grote V, Pirchl M, Fischer MJ. Associations between Patient-Reported and Clinician-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients after Traumatic Injuries of the Lower Limb. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):3140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053140 (3) Missmann M, Grote V, Riedl D, Grenier J-P, Fischer MJ. Controversial Outcomes in Neck Rehabilitation between Surgically and Conservatively Treated Patients—Results of an Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(3):1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031004 (4) Riedl D, Kampling H, Kruse J, Nolte T, Labek K, Kirchhoff C, Grote V, Fischer MJ, Knipel A, Lampe A. Epistemic Trust Is a Critical Success Factor in Psychosomatic Rehabilitation—Results from a Naturalistic Multi-Center Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(1):177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010177 (5) https://ois.lbg.ac.at/ (Visited 18.01.2024) 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 111 Prehabilitation and best practices from acute therapy and early outpatient underwater therapy after knee replacement Helmut Kern (1,2) (1) Physiko- and Rheumatherapie, Institute of Physical Medicine, St. Pölten, Austria; (2) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria E-mail: helmut@kern-reha.at Recent literature highlights the importance of prehabilitation before and acute and early therapies after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including education, exercise, electrical stimulation, pain management, underwater therapy, early mobilization and physiotherapy. A systematic review by Punnoose et al.1 found that prehabilitation, compared to usual care, has moderate-certainty evidence supporting its effectiveness in improving preoperative function, strength, and quality of life in total knee and hip replacement. Postoperatively, it demonstrated moderate-certainty evidence for improved function after total knee replacement at 6- weeks. Christensen et al.2 showed that “patients discharged directly to outpatient physical therapy had a more rapid recovery 1 month after total knee arthroplasty”. After orthopedic surgery underwater therapy can improve function and seems to not increase the risk of wound healing adverse events and can be effective as land-based therapy to address pain, edema, strength, and range of motion in the early postoperative period (Villalta et al.).3 In our clinical practice a multimodal treatment pathway before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the optimal way to ensure good preparation and rapid discharge and functional recovery. Preoperative information, practice and exercise training support mental and physical preparation for the operation and create a basis for rapid discharge and early rehabilitation. We add early self-massage for effleurage and electrical stimulation of quadriceps muscles from 1- 2 day post operatively (Intention exercises according to Förster)4 to prevent atrophy and improve excitability and contractility system. Isometric contractions of quadriceps, thigh and calf muscles should be done carefully in limited range from the 1st day on after operation. On the 7th day we start with underwater gymnastics and underwater pressure jet massage for antithrombotic and effleurage effect on veins and the lymphatic system. These interventions can lead to better pain control, improved functional outcomes and shorter hospital stays. Key words: prehabilitation; total knee arthroplasty; early rehabilitation; underwater therapy; physiotherapy. References 1. Punnoose A, Claydon-Mueller LS, Weiss O, Zhang J, Rushton A, Khanduja V. Prehabilitation for Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Apr 3;6(4):e238050. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen. 2023.8050. PMID: 37052919. 2. Christensen JC, Paxton RJ, Baym C, Forster JE, Dayton MR, Hogan CA, Stevens-Lapsley JE. Benefits of direct patient discharge to outpatient physical therapy after total knee arthroplasty. Disabil Rehabil. 2020 Mar;42(5):660-666. doi: 10.1080/ 09638288.2018.1505968. Epub 2019 Jan 7. PMID: 30616406; PMCID: PMC6612479. 3. Villalta EM, Peiris CL. Early aquatic physical therapy improves function and does not increase risk of wound-related adverse events for adults after orthopedic surgery: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Jan;94(1):138-48. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.07.020. Epub 2012 Aug 7. PMID: 22878230. 4. Espinosa-Salas S, Gonzalez-Arias M. Behavior Modification for Lifestyle Improvement. 2023 Apr 23. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 37276296. 5. Becker CM, Sewell K, Bian H, Lee JGL. Limited Improvements in Health Behaviors Suggest Need to Review Approaches to Health Promotion: A Repeated, Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2020 Mar 1;16(4):521-526. doi: 10.1177/1559827620909378. PMID: 35860371. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 mailto:helmut@kern-reha.at European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 101 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 112 Further optimizing Full-Body in Bed-Gym, Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Ugo Carraro (2,3,4), Barbara Ravara (2,3,4), Walter Giurati (2), Allegra Caregnato (1), Alessandra Carriero (1), Giacomo Casellato (1), Claudia Finamoni (1), Rossella Jirillo (1), Olena Laskova (1), Elena Marigo (1), Daniela Yolanda Sánchez (1), Irene Seno (1), Chiara Venturin (1), Hillary Veronese (1), Gianluca Regazzo (1), Stefano Masiero (1,5) (1) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) CIR-Myo-Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (4). A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy; (5). Department of Neuroscience, Section of Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. E-mail: mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it Muscle loss in the elderly significantly impacts overall health and independence. Sedentary lifestyles can lead to extended hospital stays and related complications. Physical activities conducted in hospital and community settings have been shown to improve physical functionality.1 But almost bedridden people face the worst situation. This tutorial addresses issues elderly individuals face in hospital settings, proposing the Full- Body in-Bed Gym protocol, a home-based exercise program comprising ten exercises, thrice a week, over two months. The main aim was to evaluate the program's effects on the quality of life and pain perception of elderly individuals. We conducted a prospective, observational, single-arm study between September 2022 and October 2023, enrolling elderly subjects of both genders, aged 65 and older, previously sedentary. Evaluation parameters included gender, age, weight, height, Body Mass Index, and pain perception evaluated through the Numerical Rating Scale. In addition, the 12- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire was administered, divided into physical component (PCS) and mental component (MCS), to measure the patient's perceived physical health and psychological well-being. The F-Sarc questionnaire was also administered to assess the main aspects of sarcopenia consequences. Each assessment was conducted before the exercise program began (t0) and at the end of the two- month program (t1). At the end of the exercise program, a Likert questionnaire was administered to assess patient satisfaction. A total of 22 subjects, with a mean age of 71.90 years, were included. After two months of the Full- Body in-Bed Gym, SF-12 PCS trended towards improvement (p = 0.07) and SF-12 MCS significantly improved (p = 0.04). Pain perception decreased significantly (p = 0.03), while SARC-F scores showed no substantial change (p = 0.6). The treatment satisfaction assessment revealed a mean score of 37.78. Our study indicates that the implementation of an in-bed exercise regimen has a positive influence on multiple aspects of well-being among sedentary elderly individuals. In particular, it demonstrates a significant improvement in pain perception and quality of life. By alleviating pain and enhancing overall quality of life, these programs have the potential to promote not only physical but also mental health, thereby supporting a more independent lifestyle in the elderly population. Key words: rehabilitation; elderly; in bed physical exercise; sarcopenia. References 1. de Labra C, Guimaraes-Pinheiro C, Maseda A, Lorenzo T, Millán-Calenti JC. Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2015 Dec 2;15:154. doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0155-4. PMID: 26626157; PMCID: PMC4667405. 2. Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full- Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Jun 23;33(2):11525. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11525. PMID: 37358234; PMCID: PMC10388607. 3. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Effects of the Full-Body in-Bed Gym program on quality of life, pain and risk of sarcopenia in elderly sedentary individuals: preliminary positive results of a Padua prospective observational study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Sep 26;33(3):11780. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11780. PMID: 37753778; PMCID: PMC10583150. 4. Carraro U, Marcante A, Ravara B, Albertin G, Maccarone MC, Piccione F, Kern H, Masiero S. Skeletal muscle weakness in older adults home- restricted due to COVID-19 pandemic: a role for full- body in-bed gym and functional electrical stimulation. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Jul;33(7):2053-2059. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021- 01885-0. Epub 2021 May 28. PMID: 34047931; PMCID: PMC8160559. 5. Carraro U, Gava K, Baba A, Marcante A, Piccione F. To Contrast and Reverse Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Full-Body In-Bed Gym, a Mandatory Lifestyle for Older Olds and Borderline Mobility-Impaired Persons. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1088:549-560. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_25. PMID: 30390269. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 mailto:mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 102 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 113 Balance control recovery by healing or by compensation in sensory and osteoarticular pathologies after hydrotherapy Philippe Perrin (1,2), Marie-Catherine Tallot (3), Laetitia Peultier-Celli (2), Frank Wein (4), Jean Paysant (2,5), Hannes Petersen (6,7), Paolo Gargiulo (8,9), Didier Mainard (10), Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere (11) (1) LAPEM - Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (2) Research Unit DevAH - Development, Adaptation and Handicap, University of Lorraine, France; (3) Lorraine Institute of Physiotherapy Training, Nancy, France; (4) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ARTICS, Essey-lès-Nancy, France; (5) Regional Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, F-54042, Nancy Cedex, France; (6) Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland; (7) Department of Science, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; (8) Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; (9) Department of Science, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; (10) Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France; (11) Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre‑lès‑Nancy, France. E-mail: philippe.perrin@univ-lorraine.fr E-mail: mctallot@wanadoo.fr Within the framework of studies set up in Nancy, France - twinned with Padua, Italy -, Nancy once again becoming a Thermal Spa, are presented the part of these studies, linked to the evaluation of postural control, that has been done, is being done and is planned. Postural control, which is an integral part of many ordinary activities, is a complex sensorimotor function that requires central integration of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive/somatosensory systems. Integration of these inputs generates a context-specific motor response, which leads to stabilization of gaze and antigravity posture. The weight and hierarchy of these sensory inputs, and therefore balance strategies, vary according to subject, age, learning and experience (sports), particular situations [environment, vigilance (i.e. sharing of attentional resources in multiple tasks)], pathologies and their treatment modalities. Following the onset of a sensory or osteoarticular pathology, balance control may be regained through healing or compensation. Treatment with hydrotherapy can help to facilitate the mechanisms of recovery through healing. Hydrokinesitherapy uses the physical and chemical properties of water to help heal patients suffering from certain osteoarticular and neurological diseases. In the aquatic environment, Archimedes’ principle (describing the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid) enables a patient to be supported more easily. Hydrostatic pressure also helps to counter oedema. Warm thermal water has an analgesic effect. Mobilisation is facilitated, muscles strengthening is secured and somesthetic work is intensified by the aquatic environment. For the above reasons, physical properties of water in balneotherapy have also been shown to improve postural control by reinforcing proprioceptive input and increasing muscle strength. Hydrostatic pressure associated with viscosity increases exteroceptive sensory input, allowing for better limb perception. After cruciate ligament rupture of the knee, the benefits of rehabilitation in a thermal environment after ligamentoplasty have been shown, with recovery by healing in a thermal environment compared with compensation using the contralateral knee in dry rehabilitation. Overuse of the contralateral knee can lead it to a risk of cruciate ligament rupture in the medium term, and knee osteoarthritis in the long term.1 Land-based exercise and balneotherapy are currently used to decrease some symptoms related to knee Hydrokinesitherapy – Nancy Thermal - Archimedes’ principle: reduced gravity => Earlier support - Hydrostatic pressure => Effective action against oedema - Warm thermal water => Analgesic effect - Easier mobilisation - Secure muscle strengthening - Somesthetic work intensified by the aquatic environment. mailto:philippe.perrin@univ-lorraine.fr mailto:mctallot@wanadoo.fr European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 103 osteoarthritis in a non-pharmacologic approach. High- frequency intensive balneotherapy (three weeks standardized continuous balneotherapy) improved posture control at three weeks, while low-frequency balneotherapy (discontinuous frequency, three days a week) did not. This improvement persisted over a 12- week assessment period at the same level. Land-based exercise generated an improvement that did not persist over time. Sustained improvement of postural control requires high-frequency repetition of consecutive balneotherapy sessions.2-4 Postural instability and loss of vestibular and somatosensory acuity are among the signs seen in Parkinson’s disease. Visual dependency and decrease in performance on tasks that need multisensory integration are also described. Our study had suggested that Parkinson’s disease patients do not have increased real induced motion sickness susceptibility, but are susceptible to some visual-induced motion sickness in provocative situations (moveable posturography platform with virtual reality environment). This difference can be explained by a high reliance on visual input and a low performance of vestibular and somatosensory inputs. If stimulation aimed at habituating to a specific disturbing situation can help to desensitize a patient to visual-induced motion sickness, strategies such as practicing physical activities that modify the sensory input hierarchy, increasing somatosensory weighting, could be effective at decreasing visual overreliance and reduce the risk of falling that can be the result of such a visual reliance.5 After arthroscopic repair of the shoulder rotator cuff, it would seem appropriate to consider post-operative rehabilitation in a hydrotherapy environment. In the case of the compensatory mechanism put in place in the rotator cuff, this is a model where this mechanism can involve recourse to the same region (i.e. the shoulder), but using the joints in a different order to orchestrate these movements. This mechanism is therefore different from the compensation mechanisms put in place when other neurosensory or osteoarticular structures are affected: compensation for vestibular damage by the contralateral vestibule, by vision and/or proprioception, compensation for knee damage by the contralateral knee, etc. Biomechanically, physiological abduction of the shoulder is achieved by the action of the five joints of the shoulder joint complex in harmony. In the event of a deficit in one of these joints, a compensation mechanism will take its place in performing this movement. In the case of a cuff tear, in particular, the movement of the glenohumeral joint will be replaced by that of the scapulothoracic joint. In addition, from a postural point of view, in a recovery by compensation compared to a recovery by healing, a postero-lateral shift (contralateral to the lesion) of the centre of foot pressure can be observed when the upper limb is raised anteriorly above the level of the head. Balance control presents varying difficulties depending on the activity and will be much difficult to ensure during movement as it will tend to shift the centre of gravity further in particular situations encountered in certain professional or sporting activities. In an aquatic environment, compared to conventional dry care, recovery can be achieved more frequently by healing, rather than compensation, which is more appropriate to life situations, and accordingly to a patient’s well-being. Key words: sensory and osteoarticular pathologies; recovery by healing; recovery by compensation; hydrotherapy. References 1. Peultier-Celli L, Mainard D, Wein F, Paris N, Boisseau P, Ferry A, Gueguen R, Chary-Valckenaere I, Paysant J, Perrin P. Comparison of an Innovative Rehabilitation, Combining Reduced Conventional Rehabilitation with Balneotherapy, and a Conventional Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes. Front Surg. 2017 Nov 7;4:61. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00061. PMID: 29164130; PMCID: PMC5674009. 2. Peultier-Celli L, Lion A, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D, Zhang Z, Rat AC, Gueguen R, Paysant J, Perrin PP. Comparison of high-frequency intensive balneotherapy with low-frequency balneotherapy combined with land-based exercise on postural control in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Sep;63(9):1151-1159. doi: 10.1007/s00484-019- 01727-9. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31065841. 3. Peultier L, Lion A, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D, Zhang Z, Rat AC, Gueguen R, Paysant J, Perrin PP. Influence of meteorological elements on balance control and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Int J Biometeorol. 2017 May;61(5):903-910. doi: 10.1007/s00484-016-1269- x. Epub 2016 Nov 10. PMID: 27832355. 4. Zhang Z, Lion A, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D, Rat AC, Paysant J, Perrin PP. Diurnal variation on balance control in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Jul- Aug;61(1):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 4. PMID: 25899547. 5. Petel A, Jacob D, Aubonnet R, Frismand S, Petersen H, Gargiulo P, Perrin P. Motion sickness susceptibility and visually induced motion sickness as diagnostic signs in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Dec 1;32(4):10884. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10884. PMID: 36458415; PMCID: PMC9830408. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 104 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 114 Can optimized human home-based Full Body In-Bed Gym induce functional and structural improvements in octuagenarian muscles? Functional and structural evidence. Daniele Coraci (1), Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Lucrezia Tognolo (1), Marco Quadrelli (2), Aldo Morra (3), Ugo Carraro (4,5), Paolo Gargiulo (6,7). (1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy; (2) Synlab Euganea Medica, Padua, Italy; (3) IRCCS SDN Synlab S.p.A; (4) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; (5) A &C M-C Foundation for translational Myology, Padua, Italy; (6) Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; (7) Department of Science, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Email: daniele.coraci@unipd.it Except for world record holders on record day, all other people never express the full value of their potential performance due to the obvious detraining condition secondary to a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, initiating training programs, particularly in elderly stage is very likely to provide small or large improvements. One of us began a more active lifestyle at age of 70 years, after retiring from a sedentary lifestyle as teacher at the University of Padua, Italy. He is still improving after 10 years of performing a short bodyweight program immediately after waking up, specifically performing this program lying down, sitting up and out of bed for no more than 20 minutes, but almost every day. He continues to gauge the strength of his arm muscleso by counting the number of push-ups he can do while lying in the floor. During last summer, autumn and winter he continued to improve his record from 20 to 30 push-ups. Clinical imaging will show that structurally the muscles of the body are almost the same as they were ten years before. This is combined with psychological benefits. Therefore, starting from a detraining condition it seems to be possible to stop the physiological decay linked to aging, if not to rejuvenate. In conclusion, the home- based, every-day, Full-Body in-Bed Gymnastic is an easy-to-learn-and-memorize, economical and not time- consuming way to maintain a better quality of life. Kay words: Full-Body in-Bed Gymnastic; function and structure of muscles; quality of life. References 1. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Effects of the Full-Body in-Bed Gym program on quality of life, pain and risk of sarcopenia in elderly sedentary individuals: preliminary positive results of a Padua prospective observational study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Sep 26;33(3):11780. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11780. PMID: 37753778; PMCID: PMC10583150. 2. Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full- Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023;33(2):11525. Published 2023 Jun 23. doi:10.4081/ejtm. 2023.11525. 3. Šarabon N, Kozinc Ž, Löfler S, Hofer C. Resistance Exercise, Electrical Muscle Stimulation, and Whole- Body Vibration in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med. 2020 Sep 8;9(9):2902. doi: 10.3390/jcm9092902. PMID: 32911822; PMCID: PMC7563530. 4. Carraro U, Gava K, Baba A, Marcante A, Piccione F. To Contrast and Reverse Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Full-Body In-Bed Gym, a Mandatory Lifestyle for Older Olds and Borderline Mobility-Impaired Persons. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1088:549-560. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_25. PMID: 30390269. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 115 Effect of intensive rehabilitation program in thermal water on a group of people with Parkinson’s Disease: a retrospecitve longitudinal study Lucrezia Tognolo (1,2), Roberto Di Marco (1,2), Francesca Pistonesi (1), Valeria Cianci (1), Roberta Biundo (3), Luca Weis (1), Alfonc Baba (2), Giovanni Gentile (1), Chiara Tedesco (1), Miryam Carecchio (1), Angelo Antonini (1), Stefano Masiero (1,2) (1) Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova; (2) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova; (3) Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy E-mail: lucrezia.tognolo@unipd.it Physical therapy hampers the impact of motor symptoms in daily life activities (ADL) of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD, PwP), but effectiveness on non-motor symptoms is still debated.1 Aquatic exercise reduces the risk of harm during therapies and water viscosity represents a cue for PwP.2,3 Moreover, thermal environment promotes muscle relaxation and endorphins production.4 This research aims at investigating the effect mailto:daniele.coraci@unipd.it mailto:lucrezia.tognolo@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 105 of thermal aquatic exercise on motor and non motor symptoms in PwP. 18 participants with idiopathic PD met the inclusion criteria (Hoehn & Yahr in OFF-state: 2-3; Mini Mental State Examination > 24; stable pharmacological treatment). Cognitive and motor status, functional abilities and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after an intensive rehabilitation program in thermal water (12 sessions of 45 min in a 1.4 m depth pool at 32-36°C). The Mini Balance Evaluation System Test (Mini-BESTest) and the PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39) were considered as main outcomes. Secondary assessment measures evaluated motor and non-motor symptoms. Participants kept good cognitive and functional status after treatment. Motor status of all the participants significantly improved (Mini-BESTest: p<0.01). The PDQ-39 significantly improved after rehabilitation (p=0.038), with significance being driven by dimensions strongly related to motor status. In conclusion, thermal aquatic exercise prevents the impact of motor symptoms on ADL of PwP. Moreover, PDQ 39 improvement foreshows good effects of the intervention on non-motor symptoms. Key words: Parkinson’s disease; physical therapy; aquatic therapy; motion analysis. References 1. Pozzi NG, Canessa A, Palmisano C, Brumberg J, Steigerwald F, Reich MM, Minafra B, Pacchetti C, Pezzoli G, Volkmann J, Isaias IU. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease reflects a sudden derangement of locomotor network dynamics. Brain. 2019 Jul 1;142(7):2037-2050. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz141. PMID: 31505548; PMCID: PMC6598629. 2. Volpe D, Giantin MG, Manuela P, Filippetto C, Pelosin E, Abbruzzese G, Antonini A. Water-based vs. non-water-based physiotherapy for rehabilitation of postural deformities in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2017 Aug;31(8):1107-1115. doi: 10.1177/02692155166 64122. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27512099. 3. Masiero S, Maghini I, Mantovani ME, Bakdounes L, Koutsikos K, Del Felice A, Sale P. Is the aquatic thermal environment a suitable place for providing rehabilitative treatment for person with Parkinson's disease? A retrospective study. Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Jan;63(1):13-18. doi: 10.1007/s00484-018- 1632-1. Epub 2018 Nov 5. PMID: 30397861. 4. Masiero S, Vittadini F, Ferroni C, Bosco A, Serra R, Frigo AC, Frizziero A. The role of thermal balneotherapy in the treatment of obese patient with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Biometeorol. 2018 Feb;62(2):243-252. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1445- 7. Epub 2017 Sep 22. PMID: 28940031. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 116 Dynamic control of motor disorders in the early stages of Parkinson's disease Kirill V. Terentev (1), Rinat R. Bogdanov (1), Natalia P. Sanina (2) (1) National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia; (2) Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Russia. E-mail: kirillterentev184@gmail.com Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one of the most significant problems of neurology today. Parkinson's disease prevalence is increasing with age and PD affects more than 1% of the population above 60 years. Parkinson's disease is characterised by a large number of motor and non-motor features. Motor deficits generally appear when 50-60% of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are already lost, limiting the effectiveness of potential neuroprotective therapies. Taking into account the substitutive symptomatic therapy of this pathology, it is very important to have the monitor the adequacy and effectiveness of the treatment. In our study a non-contact system of objective assessment of movements is used for estimation of the motor symptoms. An objective analysis of the structure of motor and non-motor symptoms will allow for a more reliable diagnosis at an early stage of Parkinson’s disease. Comprehensive monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment of motor and non-motor disorders in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease will improve the quality of life of patients, expand the possibilities of social adaptation. Key words: Parkinson’s disease; early diagnosis; non- motor symptoms postural control. Analyses of motor features. mailto:kirillterentev184@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 106 References 1. Beitz JM. Parkinson's disease: a review. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2014 Jan 1;6(1):65-74. doi: 10.2741/s415. PMID: 24389262. 2. Tysnes OB, Storstein A. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Aug;124(8):901-905. doi: 10.1007/s00702-017- 1686-y. Epub 2017 Feb 1. PMID: 28150045. 3. Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P. Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul;18(7):435-450. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.62. Epub 2017 Jun 8. Erratum in: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Aug;18(8):509. PMID: 28592904. 4. Hustad E, Aasly JO. Clinical and Imaging Markers of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol. 2020 May 8;11:395. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00395. PMID: 32457695; PMCID: PMC7225301. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 – Abstract 117 Functional asymmetry of the brain: an innovative test for left-handedness and leftness in neurorehabilitation, Oleg S. Zaitsev (1, 2, 3), Maria I. Kamenetskaya (1), Igor V. Reverchuk (2)*, Marianna M. Glavatskikh (2), Polina Reverchuk (1) Psychiatric Research Group of the N. N. Burdenko Moscow Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia; (2) Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia; (3) Department of Psychiatry, Volga Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia E-mail: igor7272igor@gmail.com Fast and high-quality detection of leftyness can be very informative in pedagogy, professional selection, medicine. To do this, it is necessary to develop a test that should be informative, simple, concise, quick to conduct and calculate, not requiring special equipment, combining questions and tasks, revealing mainly persistent and unambiguous manifestations of leftyness in various aspects such as biographical, motor, sensory, mental ones (1,2,3). Goal: to develop a universal test that provides reliable and rapid detection of signs of leftyness in healthy and sick subjects. Materials and methods: according to the developed protocol for leftyness detecting, consisting of 13 questions and samples, 210 people were studied, including 100 healthy persons and 110 patients randomly selected during neuropsychiatric or neuropsychological examination. Results: test providing and protocol completion were fast, easily accessible both in the study of health and patients. When testing the primary protocol, it was found that: a) patients older than 30 years were less likely to report the presence of signs of leftyness, most of them preferred the right hand; b) women, compared with men, were more likely to report the presence of prophetic dreams and other variants of foresight; c) familial leftyness was more often found in patients compared with healthy persons d) according to most of the studied signes (7 out of 13), the largest proportion of patients with leftyness was found in patients with functional mental illnesses; e) significant correlations were found between biographical leftyness and left-handedness, as well as between left-handedness and ear leftyness. Based on the conducted research, a new improved protocol of test for the express detection of signs of leftyness (TEDSL) was created. The modified TEDSL protocol developed as a result of this work is ready for use in further studies of various contingents of healthy and patients with various psychopathological symptoms. Key words: functional asymmetry; leftyness; left- handedness; testing. References 1. Zaitsev, O., Grinenko, O., Urakov, S., Shahinian, G., Potapov, A. "Neuropsychiatric Peculiarities In Sinistrals With Traumatic Brain Injuries." In BRAIN INJURY, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 628-628., 2012. 2. Dorofeev E.V., Kasimova L.N., Zaitsev O.S. Features of the psychopathology of depressions depending on the individual profile of functional asymmetry. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2019; 2 (103): 5–12. doi:/10.26617/1810- 3111-2019-2(103)-5-12 3. Sychugov E.M., Kasimova L.N., Zaitsev O.S. Influence of Functional Asymmetry on Treatment of Schizophrenia // Sovrem. ter. psih. rasstrojstv [Current Therapy of Mental Disorders]. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 22–27. – DOI: 10.21265/PSYPH. 2020.69.26.003 [in Russian] 2024Pdm3 February 27 – March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 118 Mitochondrial disfunction, stress, innate immune activation and Inflammation: «Black Square» in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases Andrey G. Goncharov (1), Igor V. Reverchuk (1,2)*, Andrey V. Zuev (1, 2), Elena V. Trofimova (1) (1) Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia; (2) Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan. E-mail: * igor7272igor@gmail.com mailto:igor7272igor@gmail.com mailto:igor7272igor@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 107 Neurodegenerative diseases include a fairly extensive group of diseases characterized by progressive death of nerve cells, which leads to deep violations of cognitive and motor functions. Among these diseases, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases associated with old age occupy a special place in terms of social significance, due to the high prevalence and level of disability. The development of these pathologies is based on a violation of the metabolism of individual neuropeptides: the accumulation of pathological tau protein molecules with the formation of neurofibrillary glomeruli and amyloid plaques in AD and the intraneuronal expansion of pathological phosphoralpha-synuclein inAD (1). Thus, under chronic stress, a certain inflammatory background is formed, complementing (enhancing) the "pro- inflammatory status" that develops as a result of age- related changes in the immune system and disruption of mitophagy mechanisms. According to some authors, the development of proinflammatory status is the result of prolonged (chronic) influence of stress factors, which leads to a violation of the homeostatic connection between the neuroendocrine and immune systems (2,3,4). Thus, the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is based on neuroinflammation, in the formation of which three closely related groups of factors contribute: mitochondrial dysfunction, primarily associated with impairedм mitophagy processes, chronic emotional stress, and age-related inflammatory imbalance of the immune system. Key words: biopsychosocial approach; stress; neurodegenerative diseases; aging. References 1. Castillo-Rangel C, Marin G, Hernández-Contreras KA, Vichi-Ramírez MM, Zarate-Calderon C, Torres- Pineda O, Diaz-Chiguer DL, De la Mora González D, Gómez Apo E, Teco-Cortes JA, Santos-Paez FM, Coello-Torres MLÁ, Baldoncini M, Reyes Soto G, Aranda-Abreu GE, García LI. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: From Gene to Clinic: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 17;24(6):5792. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065792. PMID: 36982866; PMCID: PMC10051221; 2. Anderson FL, Biggs KE, Rankin BE, Havrda MC. NLRP3 inflammasome in neurodegenerative disease. Transl Res. 2023 Feb;252:21-33. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.006. Epub 2022 Aug 8. PMID: 35952982; 3. Fard MT, Savage KM, Stough CK. Peripheral inflammation marker relationships to cognition in healthy older adults - A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022 Jul 13;144:105870. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105870. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35908534 4. Soraci L, Gambuzza ME, Biscetti L, Laganà P, Lo Russo C, Buda A, Barresi G, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F, Lorello G, Filippelli G, Marino S. Toll-like receptors and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathways in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Neurol. 2023 Mar;270(3):1346-1360. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022- 11491-3. Epub 2022 Dec 3. PMID: 36460875; PMCID: PMC9971082. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 119 Methodology for predicting the therapeutic effect of an area Andrey A. Lobanov, Kirill V. Terentyev, Sergey V. Andronov, Andrey P. Rachin National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia Email: alobanov89@gmail.com The aging population of developed countries, increasing life expectancy, high motivation to maintain active working life, leads to an increase in the share of sanatorium-resort treatment in the market of health services. The development of the methodology will make it possible to select the optimal location and season depending on the combination of local conditions and microclimate and predict a reduction in the risk of complications. The inclusion of the NDVI parameter as an indicator of greening was necessary, since green spaces provide a flow of negatively charged particles, phytoaromatic substances and phytoncides. A pilot study was conducted, which included 40 conditionally healthy volunteers (19 men and 21 women, their median age was 60.0 years, age range was 53.0; 64.0 (LQ, UQ). The study was conducted over 10 days of June 2021 in Moscow (55°6672' north latitude 37°6706' east longitude). The impact consisted of conducting a health path course (10 procedures) for 30 - 40 minutes, 6 days a week, during the day at 12 o'clock, along a constructed route of 1000 meters. The training was carried out with a load and a pace of medium intensity. The training was carried out no earlier than 2 hours after eating, the volunteers had to adhere to the drinking regime. The route of the path was laid through open areas, in close proximity to a mixed forest (50 meters) and green spaces (willow, rowan, juniper). On this route, studies of local air temperature, relative air humidity, and atmospheric pressure were carried out using the Gismeteo.ru website and a portable weather station (Meteoscope-M, Russia). The measurements were carried out at a distance from the surface of the earth - 1 meter in the summer of 2021, from 10 am to 1 pm in the route area. Data on the NDVI vegetation index were taken from the Earth Explorer website [Earth Explorer [Electronic resource] // URL: mailto:alobanov89@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 108 https://earthexplorer. usgs.gov.html]. The slope angle of the health path route was measured using a leveling device. Before and after the health path course, a study of the microcirculatory bed was carried out using LAZMA-PM (LLC NPP LAZMA, Russia). Nonlinear logit regression was used to estimate the model using the maximum likelihood method. The dichotomous function of this logistic model was normal or altered oxidative metabolism (POM). The qualitative assessment of the model was calculated as the odds ratio (1). The probability was calculated using the formula (2): р = 1/1+e-z, z = b1*x1+b2*x2+…+bn*xn+a (2) where x1 – values of independent variables; e – mathematical constant equal to 2.71828; b1 – regression coefficients of logistic regression, calculated when constructing the model; a – constant.3 An increase in P (probability) of more than 50.0% indicates a decrease in the likelihood of the onset of metabolic pathology (spasmodic or stagnant), since the sample contains more patients with a normal vascular response to the health path. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Statistica v program. 8.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, USA). The significance of the differences was considered established at p<0.05. Based on the data obtained, using logistic regression, we built a model. Model (3): р = 1/1+e-z, where z = 3,733NDVi * x1+1,738t * x2+ - 0,082Patm * x3+0,394humidity rel * x4+ -0,122relief slope * x5+ -0,013age * x6+ 0,5sex * x7+2,588 (а (constant)) Let us indicate the symbol of the factors included in the calculation: (1) NDVi index (NDVi); (2) daytime air temperature (t); (3) atmospheric pressure (Patm); (4) relative air humidity (humidity rel.); (5) terrain slope (relief slope); (6) age; (7) sex. Model parameters: maximum likelihood index of the model is 26.5; intercept was 55.64; χ2=29.14; p=0.0001; OR=35.75; 95% CI – 5.73–223.01. Sensitivity was 76.5% and specificity was 91.7%. The overall accuracy of the predictive model is 85.4%. It was revealed that the greatest contribution to the risk of developing microcirculatory disorders is made by a low NDVI index, an increase in air temperature and atmospheric pressure. Online monitoring using wearable devices will allow you to individualize the dosage of physical activity and move to an “electronic climatotherapy prescription”, increasing the safety, efficiency and personalization of spa treatment. The inclusion of climatotherapy in the sanatorium-resort phase in areas with diverse landscapes can have a positive effect only if it is used in target groups and prevents the occurrence of meteopathic reactions. Key words: climatotherapy; online monitoring; NDVI index; microcirculation; sanatorium-resort. References 1. Chen LH, Wilson ME. Medical tourism. J Travel Med. 2015 May-Jun;22(3):218. doi: 10.1111/jtm.12190. PMID: 25904465. 2. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW Jr. A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Jan;115(1):92-106. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113284. PMID: 7055134. 3. White WL. Erratum to: Why I hate the index finger. Hand (N Y). 2011 Jun;6(2):233. doi: 10.1007/s11552-011-9321-0. Epub 2011 Mar 18. Erratum for: Hand (N Y). 2010 Dec;5(4):461-5. PMID: 21776199; PMCID: PMC3092884. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 120 Additional pharmacological therapy for epilepsy with drugs unrelated to anticonvulsants Georgy G. Avakian (1), Olga M. Oleynikova (1), Anastasia A. Sarapulova (2), Minh Duc Tran (1) (1) Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia (2) Center of Epileptology and Neurology Neuromed, Moscow, Russia E-mail: avakyan_georgy@mail.ru The aims of modern pharmacotherapy of epilepsy are total suppression of seizures, avoiding adverse events and retaining the patient's social and occupational activity. About 30% of patients with focal epilepsy have hard-to- cure forms which require the use of more than two anticonvulsants in high doses. As a result, a lot of side effects or adverse events have occured, including decreased levels of wakefulness, attention and memory, which leads to difficulties in learning and professional activities, as well as disfunction of internal organs (liver, NDVi index mailto:avakyan_georgy@mail.ru European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 109 kidney, etc.). The most justified approach to increase the effectiveness and reduce the side effects of anticonvulsants is their combined use with antioxidants and neuroprotectants based on the important role of free- radical processes in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate or Mexidol, which is an antioxidant, antihypoxant and synthesized in Russia, is approved for use in patients with various neurological disorders and is included in the Russia State Registry of Medicines. In Fig. 1, chronic cobalt model in rats with implanted electrodes allowed to trace the formation of epileptic focus in space and time. (Fig. 1 of experimental model). Mexidol was used in combination with phenytoin and phenobarbital (Fig. 2) and valproic acid (Fig. 3). In these cases there was a reduction of epileptic activity in all epileptogenic structures compared to both controls and monotherapy with anticonvulsants (P>0.05) (1,2). 36 patients with structural epilepsy who received Depakine Chronosphere at a dose of 1000 to 2000 mg (1 or 2 times daily) with 2 treatment courses of Mexidol per year, and were followed up for 2 years. Comparative clinical and EEG analysis revealed a huge efficacy of the combined use of anticonvulsant (Depakine Chronosphere in a daily dose of 1000, 1500, 2000 mg) with an antioxidant (200 mg of Mexidol, which is 5% solution of 4 ml). Glycine, as a neuroprotective agent, plays a crucial role as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (3). Under hypoxic conditions, glycine has been observed to improve the lifespan of neurons in the cerebral cortex (4). The use of glycine in clinical practice is promising in terms of reducing the risk of seasonal epilepsy exacerbations. Key words: epilepsy; anticonvulsants; antioxidant; mexidol. 1. Avakyan G.G. Clinical-neurophysiological study of combinations of new forms of anticonvulsants and antioxidants in patients with epilepsy with secondary generalized seizures: Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences. M. 2011. 2. Avakyan G.G., Nerobkova L.N., Oleynikova O.M., Voronina T.A., Avakyan G.N., Gusev E.I. Possibilities of using valproates and antioxidants in secondary generalized seizures. Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions. 2011;3(2):34-44. 3. Zhong Z., Wheeler M., Li X. et al. L-Glycine: a novel antiinflamatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent // Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. – 2003; 6 (2): 229–40. 4. Zhao P., Qian H., Xia Y. GABA and glycine are protective to mature but toxic to immature rat cortical neurons under hypoxia // Eur. J. Neurosci. – 2005; 22 (2): 289–300. 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 121 Personalized medical and psychological aspects of stress–related disorders in dental specialists Armen Akopovich Sarkisov, Reverchuk IV, Zelensky VA, Spitsyna AV FSBEI HE "Astrakhan State Medical University", Astrakhan, Russia E-mail: a.sarkisov@rambler.ru Currently, due to the introduction of new approaches in the work of a dentist, the problem of improving the quality of work of dental specialists has become urgent. A detailed analysis of the factors that negatively affect the performance of professional functions by a dentist and the most significant factors of the formation of professional stress and the risk of burnout syndrome in this professional group, the features of clinical symptomatology, occupational stress and professional burnout syndrome, the nature of disorders of the nervous systems and other psychophysiological changes caused by professional burnout syndrome involves the development of new approaches to the organization of medical care, providing early detection of symptoms of damage to the nervous system that cause professional burnout syndrome in order to further correct and prevent them in order to extend the professional longevity of workers. Scientific and practical development of a system of measures to improve the quality of work of a dentist, based on the correction of disorders of the nervous system and other psychophysiological changes in this category of specialists. To objectify the data, a diagnostic psychophysiological complex was used, including the following methods. Methods for assessing the state of the vegetative nervous system. The study of the state of the vegetative nervous system was carried out with the analysis of the parameters of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP) (UA-787, A&D Medical, Japan). The measurements were carried out on the brachial arteries on the right and left arms, with the analysis of indicators of the level of heart rate (bpm), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and asymmetry of the blood pressure level (mm Hg). Vegetative Kerdo index and Hildebrant coefficient were calculated. These indicators were recorded at rest (initial vegetative tone). To diagnose the syndrome of vegetative dystonia, the "Questionnaire for identifying signs of vegetative changes" was used (Vayne A.M., 1998). Orthostatic tests (Cardiovegetoster, MBN, Moscow, 2005). The study included recording cardio intervals with the calculation of the following parameters: RR, SI, period and power of HRV - HF, period and power of MB1 - LF and MB2 - VLF, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, CV, TP, LF / HF, IARS in the sitting position and in orthostasis. Measurement of systolic mailto:a.sarkisov@rambler.ru European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 110 blood pressure (SBP) when standing up. The difference in SBP was measured in the prone and standing positions at the third minute of postural modeling. Change in SBP by 30 mm Hg. and below indicates insufficiency of efferent sympatic vasoconstrictors. Measurement of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the isometric tension test (ITT). The patient is squeezing the dynamometer for 3 minutes with a force of 30% of the maximum. Measurement of blood pressure is carried out before and in the third minute of the test. Increase in DBP by 10 mm Hg. and less evidences of the defeat of the efferent sympatic vasoconstrictors. Psychodiagnostics examination included a set of tests to study the personal characteristics and psychological status of the subjects. The presence of dentist`s occupational stress was determined by using the "Scale of Occupational Stress". The Scale of Occupational Stress (Fontana D., 1995) consists of 22 questions and allows you to get an idea of the severity of stress by scoring (the maximum number of points is 60). If the subject scores on a scale of 0 - 15 points, we can assume that he is not in a state of stress, has no signs of emotional stress, and the activity does not cause him any difficulties. At 16 - 30 points, a moderate level of stress is recorded for a busy and hard-working specialist who experiences mental stress. However, they have not had signs of exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms yet. A stress level of 31 - 45 points indicates that stress is a problem and working at this level of stress, the subject may experience significant difficulties in work. The development of neurotic and psychosomatic disorders is also possible. If a stress level of 46-60 points is fixed, then stress will be a significant problem for such a specialist, and it may be close to the stage of exhaustion of the general adaptation syndrome, when professional activity is significantly disrupted. The risk of developing mental and psychosomatic disorders increases sharply. Besides stress assessment, the methodology allows for meaningful analysis to determine the significance of activity parameters in the development of occupational stress. As a result of such an analysis, the following can be distinguished: work stress (maximum score - 5), disruption of contacts in the team (5 points) and with management (5 points), self-esteem level (5 points), violations in personal life (3 points).In addition, the technique allows assessing the representation in the mental state of the subject, neurotic symptoms specific to various types of adjustment disorders (depressive, anxiety, phobic), indicating the degree of stress or exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms. The advantage of the technique is its simplicity and accessibility. To determine the level of professional burnout, the technique “K. Maslach's burnout questionnaire - general version” (Maslach Burnout Inventory - MBI, Maslach C., 1982) was used. It was edited by Vodopyanova M.E. (2008) and supplemented by the mathematical model of Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology. The questionnaire consists of 22 items, according to them, it is possible to calculate the values of three scales: "Emotional exhaustion" (EE), "Depersonalization" (DP), "Reduction of professional achievements" (PA). Each item is scored on a 7-point scale from 0 (never experience), 1 (several times a year or less) to 5 (several times a week) and 6 (everyday). "Emotional exhaustion" (maximum score - 54) manifests itself in experiences of reduced emotional tone, increased mental exhaustion and affective lability, loss of interest and positive feelings for others, a feeling of "satiation" with work, dissatisfaction with life in general. In the context of the burnout syndrome, "depersonalization" involves the formation of special, destructive relationships with others. With a total score of 0-15 points on this scale, a low level of emotional exhaustion is diagnosed, 16-24 - medium, over 25 - high. "Depersonalization" (maximum score - 30) is manifested in emotional detachment and indifference, formal performance of professional duties without personal inclusion and empathy, sometimes in negativism and cynical attitude. At the behavioral level, "depersonalization" manifests itself in arrogant behavior using of professional slang, humor, and labels. With a sum of 0-5 points, a low level of depersonalization is determined, 6-10 - medium, over 11 - high. "Reduction of professional achievements" (maximum score - 48) reflects the degree of satisfaction of a specialist with himself as a person and as a professional. The unsatisfactory value of this indicator reflects a tendency to a negative assessment of one's competence and productivity and, as a result, a decrease in professional motivation, an increase in negativity in relation to official duties, a tendency to disclaim responsibility, to isolate from others, detachment and non-participation, avoidance of work. The sum of points over 37 indicates a low level of reduction of professional achievements, 31-36 is about the average, 30 or less is about the high level. The subject, demonstrating high scores on the "emotional exhaustion" and "depersonalization" scales and low scores on the "professional efficiency" scale, has a high degree of burnout. System physiological index dynamics at psychorelaxation correction Cardiovascular, BP, HR, Peripheral vascular resistance, Cardiac output decrement fall decrement, increase breathing, Respiratory rate oxygen intake fall subsidence, Musculoskeletal electrical activity decrement Axion alpha-rhythm (EEG) enhancement, Endocrine, Plasma cortisol, catecholamine. cholesterin decrement. •Psychological reactions of dentist`s occupational stress have their own characteristics: disappointment in the profession, a general negative attitude towards life prospects, a feeling of being unclaimed; at the same time, a high level of reactive anxiety, dominance of asthenic emotions, reduced indicators characterizing the quality of life are typical, with an increase in the severity of all European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 111 identified changes, corresponding to an increase in the duration of professional experience. •The results of the instrumental assessment of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in the dentist`s professional burnout syndrome indicate the occurrence of violations of the adaptive capabilities of the functional systems of the body, while the phenomenon of exhaustion is characteristic, leading to a subsequent overstrain of the adaptive systems of the body. A common characteristic of the psychological status of the majority of patients at a dental appointment (71.2%) is fear and the dominance of signs of negative affectivity, manifested by an average and high level of anxiety; however, patients differ in types of emotional and behavioral responses and can be attributed to different character groups. Kay words: personalized; medical and psychological stress–related disorders, dental specialists. List of references. 1. Glavatskikh M.M., Reverchuk I.V. Examination of advertising texts of competing medical companies Educational Bulletin "Consciousness". 2018. No. 5. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ ekspertiza - reklamnyh-tekstov-konkuriruyuschih-meditsinski h-kompaniy (date of access: 03/30/2023). 2 Reverchuk I.V., Glavatskikh M.M., Miklin D.N. The use of psychosemantic methods in diagnosing the psychoemotional status of the closest relatives of cancer patients // Educational Bulletin "Consciousness". 2018. No. 5. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/primenenie- psihosemanticheskih-metodov-v-diagnostike- psihoemotsionalnogo-statusa-blizhayshih- rodstvennikov-onkobolnyh (date of access: 03/30/2023). 3. Sarkisov A.A., Goncharenko E.V., Sarkisov A.A. Training in profiling medical professionals for a deontological approach in doctor-patient communication. In the collection: Psychotechnologies in business and education. Collection of proceedings of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow, 2022, p. 7. 4. Sarkisov A.A. Clinical signs of emotional stress in a specialist doctor // Bulletin of the Medical Dental Institute - 2011.- No. 2 - P.64-67. (Sarkisov A.A., Karakov K.G.) 5. Sarkisov A.A. Characteristics of the psychological particularities of the patient at the dental appointment // Bulletin of the Medical Dental Institute - 2013.- No. 3 (26) - P. 47-50. (Sarkisov A.A., Karakov K.G.) 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 122 Conclusive remarks Stefano Masiero Rehabilitation Unit of DNS of the University of Padova, Padua, Italy Email: stefmasiero@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** 2024Pdm3 March 2 - Abstract 123 Arrivederci, Auf Wiedersehen, Au revoir, Goodbye to 2025 Four Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, February 27 to March 1, 2025 – Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy Ugo Carraro Departmente of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy Email: ugo.carraro@unipd.it 2024Pdm3 February 27 - March 2, 2024 ***** mailto:stefmasiero@unipd.it mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 - 5 - SPONSORS Hotel Petrarca, Pastorello Family Montegrotto Terme (Padova), Italy A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy European Journal of Translational Myology ESCI Clarivate’s Impact Factor 2.2 ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 BAM On-Line 2024Pdm3 Program and abstracts of five Padua Muscle Days Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 12346. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346 6 PATRONS INTERDEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER OF MYOLOGY (CIR-MYO) DEPARTMENT of BIOLOGY (DB) DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (DSB) DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE (DNS) DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, ONCOLOGY, GASTROEROLOGY (DiSCOG) of the University of Padua, Italy Location 1 March 2024 fee