European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 13789. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 - 1 - Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, March 25-29, 2025, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae, Italy: Program and Abstracts Barbara Ravara (1,2,3), Paolo Gargiulo (4,5), David Hood (6), Lars Larsson (7), Christiaan Leeuwenburgh (8), Maria Chiara Maccarone (9), Stefano Masiero (2,9,10), Philippe Perrin (11), Amber L. Pond (12); Riccardo Rosati (13), Piera Smeriglio (14), H. Lee Sweeney (15), Daniela Tavian (16) Gerd Fabian Volk (17), Ugo Carraro (1,2,3,10) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua Italy; (3) A&C M- Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy; (4) Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; (5) Landspitali, University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; (6) Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada; (7) Department of Clinical Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden; (8) Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, FL USA; (9) Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Padova, Italy; (10) School of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy;(11) Development, Adaptation and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (12) Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL., USA; (13) Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; (14) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; (15) Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; (16) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (17) ENT-Department, Facial-Nerve-Center and Center of Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Abstract Medium-sized scientific conferences held in hotels large enough to accommodate all participants increase opportunities for constructive discussion during breaks, and for evenings that bring together young and senior experts of basic sciences and clinical specialties. Time for group discussions offer opportunities for new collaborations and for jobs for young researchers. Since 1991 the Padova Muscle Days have offered collaborative opportunities that have matured into innovative multidisciplinary results to the point that it came naturally for us to underline it with a neologism now included in the title of the 2025 event: "Mobility Medicine". It is a discipline which developed naturally when we brought together fragmented areas of knowledge into one meeting. The Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine 2025 (2025Pdm3) will be hosted at the Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua, Italy) from 25 to 29 March 2025. The list of unique sessions within the included program and the following Collection of Abstracts testify that it is possible to organize valid countermeasures to the inevitable tendencies towards hyper-specialization that the explosive increase in scientific progress brings. The European Journal of Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine (Ejtm3) will accept typescripts on results presented at the 2025Pdm3. Furthermore, an additional option for publication of full original Articles or Reviews is the Special "New Trends in Musculoskeletal Imaging" of the MDPI Journal Diagnostics, because diagnosis is essential to manage and follow-up neuro- metabolic- muscular- disorder and the decay of performances in aging. We hope that many will share our dreams and we make them come true at the 2025 Pdm3 Conference. Key Words: Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 2025Pdm3; European Journal of Translational Myology; Ejtm3 PAGEpress Italy; MDPI (Basel) Diagnostics. Eur J Transl Myol 34 (1) 14x04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 13789. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 - 2 - The Padova Muscle Days (PMDs), an international meeting on skeletal muscle, began in 1985 to provide advice on Translational Myology. The interest has always been in translating the results of novel basic research into clinical trials. Indeed, function as mass of striated skeletal muscles are influenced by, and influence, central and peripheral neural disorders, diseases of the heart, lung, liver, metabolism, endocrine tissues, together with lifestyle and aging, not to say cancer. Over the course of the years, the Padova Muscle Days have offered opportunities, which have matured into innovative multidisciplinary results to the point that it became natural to underline it with a neologism now included in the title of these conferences, namely "Mobility Medicine." Mobility Medicine is a new monicker used to explicit the call to reunite knowledge currently dispersed in sub-subspecialties. The program of the five days of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine to be held 25-29 March 2025 (2025Pdm3) will be hosted at the Hotel Petrarca in Euganean Thermae, Padua, Italy. The program testifies that it is possible to organize valid countermeasures to the inevitable tendencies towards hyper specialization that the explosive increase in scientific progress has brought with it. Furthermore, the European Journal of Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine (Figures 1 and 2) will accept typescripts of results presented at the 2025Pdm3, as Review, Original Articles and Ejtm3 Communications. Meantime a Special Section of the MDPI (Basel) Journal Diagnostics will accept submissions because diagnosis is a prerequisite of prevention, management and follow-up not only of neuro- and metabolic muscular disorders, but also of the physiological unavoidable decay of the older adults, and the pathological cachexia of cancer. The Program includes oral presentations (in-person and on-line) of scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA. The Collection of Abstracts is included after the Program. Here is a sole example of a topic which will be addressed at the conference: the challenges associated with physical inactivity in the elderly. Often attributed to factors such as age and concurrent medical conditions, they have far-reaching implications for well-being and independence. The lack of physical activity not only curtails autonomy, but increases the risk of extended hospitalization, leading to issues such as neuromuscular weakening, functional limitations, and substantial healthcare expenses.1–4 It should be highlighted that physical exercise, even if performed in bed (home Full- Body In-Bed Gym) represents a highly promising option. This approach can contribute to global health promotion by enhancing cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and mental well-being of old people.5 It is a preventive, low-risk, time-saving and cost-effective strategy that can be tailored to individual needs and preferences. Indeed, community-based exercise initiatives can face various challenges, including financial constraints, difficulties in accessibility, time limitations, and a shortage of specialized guidance.6,7 Hence, adoption of home-based physical exercise routines, is a cost- efficient alternative. In conclusion, the 2025Pdm3 will be interesting and successful like all previous Padova Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine.8-15 List of acronyms Ejtm3 - European Journal of Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine Pdm3 - Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine PMD – Padua Muscle Days Acknowledgments Figures at the Program end list Patrons and Sponsors, but we must highlight here the four most generous: - The Myology Institute at the University of Florida, Ganeisville, FL, USA, directed by H. Lee Sweeney, whose generous donation allowed all lecturers and speakers who cover the costs of transatlantic flights to be exempt from registration fees. - The Gastaldello Family of Hotel Petrarca, Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy for a generous donation to the Armando & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy (A&C M-Carraro Foundation). - MED-EL Medical Electronics, a leader in auditory implants and functional electrical stimulation solutions, Fuerstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. - The Armando & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy. Special thanks to Teresa Carrara, the managing editor of Ejtm3, to her colleagues and to Mr. Michele Moscato, founder of PAGEpress Publications, via A. Cavagna Sangiuliani 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Funding The 2025Pdm3 will be supported by the University of Florida Myology Institute and Wellstone Center, Gainesville, FL, USA. The organization of the “MED-EL Workshop on Electromedicals”, March 25, 2025 is generously sponsored by MED-EL Medical Electronics, Fuerstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-publishing of this typescript was supported by the A&C M-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Galleria Duomo 5, 35141 Padua, Italy and by PAGEpress, via A. Cavagna Sangiuliani 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy Conflict of Interest The authors disclose no conflicts of research interest. Ethical Publication Statement We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 13789. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 - 3 - on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines. Specifically, generative artificial intelligence has never been used in designing and writing the typescript. Corresponding Author Ugo Carraro The A&C M-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Galleria Duomo 5, 35141 Padua, Italy. ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0924-4998 Mobile +39 338 1575745. E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it Emails and ORCID iD of Coauthors Barbara Ravara: barbara.ravara@unipd.it ORCHID iD: 0000-0002-0159-3245 Paolo Gargiulo: paolo@ru.is ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5049-4817 David Hood: dhood@yorku.ca ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9553-152x Lars Larsson: lars.larsson@slu.se ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3722-035X Christiaan Leeuwenburgh: cleeuwen@ufl.edu ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0826-4257 Maria Chiara Maccarone: mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2793-1334 Stefano Masiero: stef.masiero@unipd.it ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0361-4898 Philippe Perrin: philippe.perrin@univ-lorraine.fr ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4381-0850 Amber Pond: apond@siumed.edu ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2836-889x Riccardo Rosati: riccardo@riccardorosati.eu ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6149-0427 Piera Smeriglio: p.smeriglio@institut-myologie.org ORCID ìD: 0000-0002-3430-6839H. Lee Sweeney: lsweeney@ufl.edu ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6290-8853 Daniela Tavian: daniela.tavian@unicatt.it ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3333-0068 Gerd Fabian Volk: fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1245-6331 References 1. Lauretani F, Russo CR, Bandinelli S, Bartali B, Cavazzini C, Di Iorio A, Corsi AM, Rantanen T, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Nov;95(5):1851-60. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2003. PMID:14555665. 2. Angulo J, El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez- Mañas L. Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol. 2020 Aug;35:101513. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PMID: 32234291; PMCID: PMC7284931. 3. Kojima G, Liljas AEM, Iliffe S. Frailty syndrome: implications and challenges for health care policy. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2019 Feb 14;12:23-30. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S168750. PMID: 30858741; PMCID: PMC6385767. 4. Masiero S, Carraro U. (eds) Rehabilitation Medicine for Elderly Patients. Practical Issues in Geriatrics. Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319- 57406- 6_40. 5. Papadopoulou SK. Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations. Nutrients. 2020 May 1;12(5):1293. doi: 10.3390/nu12051293. PMID: 32370051; PMCID: PMC7282252.. 6. Morley JE. Frailty and sarcopenia in elderly. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016 Dec;128(Suppl 7):439-445. doi: 10.1007/s00508-016-1087- 5. Epub 2016 Sep 26. PMID: 27670855. 7. Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full- Body In-Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Jun 23;33(2):11525. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11525. PMID: 37358234; PMCID: PMC10388607. 8. Zampieri S, Bersch I, Smeriglio P, Barbieri E, Boncompagni S, Maccarone MC, Carraro U. Program with last minute abstracts of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 27 February - 2March, 2024 (2024Pdm3). Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Feb 2. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38305708. 9. Zampieri S, Narici MV, Gargiulo P, Carraro U. Abstracts of the 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (2023Pdm3) to be held March 29- April 1 at the Galileian Academy of Padua and at the Petrarca Hotel, Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Feb 10;33(1):11247. doi:10.4081/ejtm.2023.11247. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36786151; PMCID: PMC10141763. 10. Sweeney HL, Masiero S, Carraro U. The 2022 On- site Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine hosts the University of Florida Institute of Myology and the Wellstone Center, March 30 - April 3, 2022 at the University of Padua and Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy: The collection of abstracts. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Mar 10;32(1):10440. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10440. PMID: 35272451; PMCID: PMC8992680. 11. Carraro U, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Translational research on Myology and Mobility Medicine: mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it mailto:barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:paolo@ru.is mailto:dhood@yorku.ca mailto:lars.larsson@slu.se mailto:cleeuwen@ufl.edu mailto:mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it mailto:stef.masiero@unipd.it mailto:philippe.perrin@univ-lorraine.fr mailto:apond@siumed.edu mailto:riccardo@riccardorosati.eu mailto:p.smeriglio@institut-myologie.org mailto:lsweeney@ufl.edu mailto:daniela.tavian@unicatt.it mailto:fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 13789. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 - 4 - 2021 semi-virtual PDM3 from Thermae of Euganean Hills, May 26 - 29, 2021. Eur J Transl Myol. 2021 Mar 18;31(1):9743. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9743. PMID: 33733717; PMCID: PMC8056169. 12. Carraro U. 30 Years of Translational Mobility Medicine: 2020 Padua Muscle Days go virtual from Euganean Hills, November 19th to 21st. Eur J Transl Myol. 2020 Nov 17;30(4):9437. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9437. PMID: 33520146; PMCID: PMC7844408 13. Carraro U. Collection of the Abstracts of the 2019Sp PMD: Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine. Eur J Transl Myol. 2019 Mar 11;29(1):8155. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8155. PMID: 31019666; PMCID: PMC6460219. 14. Carraro U. Exciting perspectives for Translational Myology in the Abstracts of the 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays: Giovanni Salviati Memorial - Chapter I - Foreword. Eur J Transl Myol. 2018 Feb 20;28(1):7363. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7363. PMID: 29686822; PMCID: PMC5895991. 15. Carraro U. 2017Spring PaduaMuscleDays, roots and byproducts. Eur J Transl Myol. 2017 Jun 27;27(2):6810. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2017.6810. PMID: 28713538; PMCID: PMC5505085. Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Furthermore, generative AI was never used during the final editing of the published typescript. Submitted: 28 February 2025 Accepted: 28 February 2025 European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Phone +39 049 891 1744 – E-mail: petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it - https://www.hotelpetrarca.it/ 2025(Pdm3) Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine March 25-29, 2025 – Euganean Thermae, Padua (Italy) Hotel Petrarca, Piazza Roma 23, Montegrotto Terme (Padua) 35122 Italy Organizers: Stephen Anton, Elena Barbieri, Bert Blaauw, Ines Bersch, Ugo Carraro, Dario Coletti, Paolo Gargiulo, Elena P. Ivanova, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Alessandro Martini, Stefano Masiero, Aldo Morra, Marco V. Narici, Antonio Paoli, Philippe Perrin, Marco Quadrelli, Riccardo Rosati, Piera Smeriglio, H. Lee Sweeney, Gerd Fabian Volk, Sandra Zampieri REGISTRATION FEES: € 300 - One-Day REGISTRATION FEES: € 150 - On-Line REGISTRATION FEES: € 100 - Young Attendees: Exempt Send Registration and Accommodation Forms to: ugo.carraro@unipd.it and petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it Send Payments to: petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it TUESDAY March 25, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 09:00 am Opening: Antonio Paoli, Greetings from Padova University 09:10 am Lecture of Jonathan Jarvis, University of Liverpool, UK: Activity, the final common path to adaptive change in muscle 09:50 am Session I: FES for atrophying and reinnervating muscles Ines Bersch, Winfried Mayr, Chairs 09:50 am Electrical stimulation technology, a versatile and effective tool for support of restoring and maintaining neuromuscular integrity, Winfried Mayr, Vienna Austria 10:10 am Ultrasound evidence of deceleration of denervated facial muscles atrophy through functional electrical stimulation: Johannes Krauss, Gerd Fabian Volk, et al., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany 10:30 am Electrostimulation in facial nerve palsy is safe and helpful: Giovanni Pegoraro, Fondazione Borghi Korian Brebbia (VA), Italy 10:45 am Open Coffee CIR-MYOLOGY Padua University Easy- Aging and A&C M-C Foundation mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it http://www.hotelpetrarca.it/ mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it mailto:petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it mailto:petrarca@hotelpetrarca.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it TUESDAY March 25, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 10:50 am Session II: FES for permanent denervated muscles, Ashraf Gorgey, Ugo Carraro, Chairs 10:50 am Interplay between Muscle and Bone following Electrical Stimulation Exercises in Persons with SCI: Ashraf Gorgey, Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA 11:20 am Tissue Composition Changes in Long-Term Denervated Muscles - Beneficial Effects of Long-Pulse Electrical Stimulation: Ines Bersch-Porada, et al., Notwill FES Center, Switzerland 11:40 am Effectiveness of FES x DDM after twenty years of permanent denervation and degeneration of human muscle: ultrasound evidence of thigh muscle contraction by surface electrical stimulation after ten years of interruption of FES x DDM, Daniele Coraci et al., Rehabilitation Unit of the Department of Neuroscience, University Padua General Hospital, Italy 12:00 am Session III: MED-EL Workshop on Electromedicals, Alejandro Honeyands Marti, Leonardo Boccuni, Chairs 12:00 am Welcome and Introduction to the Med-El Workshop on Electrical Stimulation Solutions, Alejandro Honeyands Marti, Med-El Spain 12:10 am Strategies to optimize the integration of therapeutic exercise and peripheral electrical nerve stimulation: a clinical perspective, Leonardo Boccuni, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano, Italy 12:30 am The phenomenon of lesions of the upper and lower motoneuron in in-and extrinsic muscles of the upper limb in persons with tetraplegia – Development of a stimulation protocol to enhance functionality, Ines Bersch, Notwill FES Center, Switzerland 12:50 am Selective surface stimulation therapy for facial nerve paralysis Gerd Fabian Volk, Johannes Krauss, et al., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany 01:10 pm MED-EL Working-Lunch in the Conference Hall Paradise mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it TUESDAY March 25, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 02:30 pm Session IV: Exercise and fasting in prevention and managements of mobility and metabolic disorders, Stephen Anton, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Chairs 02:30 pm Disentangling the Effects of Time Restricted Eating, Calorie Restriction and Exercise on Metabolic Health, Stephen Anton, et al., College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA 03:00 pm Fasting, exercise and skeletal muscle, Antonio Paoli, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy 03:30 pm Full-Body In-Bed Gym advancements for elderly subjects (30min), Maria Chiara Maccarone et al., Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, Padua University, Italy 04:00 pm Open Coffee 04:05 pm Session V: Maintaining compliance in rehabilitation, Richard L. Lieber, Jan Fridén, Chairs 04:05 pm Lecture of Jan Fridén, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden: Restoring upper extremity motor function in tetraplegia using muscle and nerve transfers 04:45 pm Differential lower motoneuron damage patterns of potential donor and recipient nerves for upper extremity nerve transfers in tetraplegia, Ines Bersch-Porada et al., Notwill FES Center, Switzerland 05:00 pm Specific Tension of Human Muscle - Direct and Indirect Approaches Richard L. Lieber, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 05:30 pm Muscle-muscle cross-talk during unilateral electrical/mechanical stimulation, Lars Larsson, Department of Clinical Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden 06:00 pm Mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Gerardo Bosco, University of Padua, Italy 06:30 pm Transient hyperoxia after exercise-until-exhaustion to mitigate aging muscle decay: a new mechanism for training addiction over time? Ugo Carraro, University of Padua, Italy 06:45 pm Conference Hall Paradise: A glass of Prosecco before dinner: A well-known compliance (addiction) mechanism 07:30 pm Dinner mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it WEDNESDAY March 26, 2025 Villa Pollini, Luvigliano, Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy WEDNESDAY March 26, 2025 Villa Pollini, Luvigliano, Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 08:30 AM Complimentary Bus from Hotel Petrarca to Villa Pollini, Luvigliano di Torreglia (Padua) Italy 09:00 am Session VI: Pathogenesis, regeneration and therapy in sarcomeric muscle diseases, H Lee Sweeney, Daniela Tavian, Chairs 09:00 am Lecture of H. Lee Sweeney, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, New insights leading to improved designs of micro-dystrophins for use in AAV vectors. 09:40 am Proteomic profiling of the dystrophin complexome in skeletal muscle, Kay Ohlendieck, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland 10:00 am Lipotoxicity and lipophagy in NLSDM: mechanisms and treatments, Sara Missaglia, Daniela Tavian, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy 10:20 am Pharmacological Treatment through HiPSC-based Drug Repurposing for ultrarare congenital myopathies, Edoardo Malfatti, Paris Est University, Creteil, France 10:40 am Remodeling of neuromuscular junction in dystrophic sarcomeric muscles, Gabriele Siciliano, University of Pisa, Italy 10.55 am Development of a 3D muscle tissue model of Pompe disease, Francesca Torri et al., University of Pisa, Italy 11:10 am Coffee break 11:20 am Multifactorial Systemic factors affecting spinal muscular atrophy patients' health, Piera Smeriglio, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France 11:40 am Reversion of RNA toxicity and muscle dysfunction in Myotonic Dystrophy, Denis Furling, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France 12:00 am Effects of age and sex in human muscle secretome, Barbara Crisol, et al., Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France 12:20 am Transcriptomic characterization of Type II SMA muscle to understand the variability in phenotypes and treatment response, Fiorella Grandi, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France 12:40 am Cell specific loss of MBNL: implication for Myotonic Dystrophy skeletal muscle homeostasis, Frédérique Rau, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France 13:00.pm Standing Lunch mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it WEDNESDAY March 26, 2025 Villa Pollini, Luvigliano, Euganean Hills (Padua) Italy 02:00 pm Session VII: Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and disuse, David Hood, Anna Picca, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Chairs 02:00 pm Introductory words (by Zoom): Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Florida University, US 02:10 pm Role of the lysosome in maintaining muscle health across the lifespan, David Hood, Toronto, Canada 02:40 pm The role of AMPK in the neuromuscular system, Vladimir Ljubicic (Hamilton, Canada) 03:00 pm The importance of Ca2+ signalling in skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise, Nicolas Place (Lausanne, Switzerland) 03:20 pm Molecular mechanisms of muscle adaptations: role of PGC-1a, Christoph Handschin (Basel, Switzerland) 03:40 pm Mitochondria-derived vesicles in physical frailty and sarcopenia, Anna Picca, Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Italy 04:00 pm Testosterone depletion and intracellular calcium in skeletal muscle, Agnese De Mario et al., Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy 04:20 pm Coffee Break 04:30 pm Session VIII: Managements of cancer cachexia, Sandra Zampieri, Dario Coletti, Chairs 04:30 pm Effects of exercise and chemotherapy in cancer cachexia, James Carson, Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine & Human Performance, Texas A&M University, USA 05:00 pm (ZOOM) Oxytocin treatment reduces cancer cachexia in a pre-clinical model, Dario Coletti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy 05:00 pm RAGE activity at myofiber level sustains cancer cachexia, Guglielmo Sorci, University of Perugia, Italy 05:40 pm (ZOOM) Silencing tumor-muscle crosstalk, Marilia Seelander, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil 06:00 pm Impact of sarcopenic myosteatosis on patients with esophagogastric cancer (25min), Elisa Sefora Pierobon, DiSCOG,University of Padua, Italy 06:20 pm Lecture of Massimo Ganassi, Involvement of Satellite cells in the pathogenesis of Neuromuscular disorders, Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London and Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, University College London, UK 07:10 pm Complimentary Bus from Villa Pollini, Luvigliano to Hotel Petrarca, Montegrotto Terme 07:30 pm Dinner mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it THURSDAY March 27, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 09:00 am Session IX: Neuromuscular plasticity to disuse and ageing, Elena Monti, Marco Narici, Chairs 09:00 am Morphological and Functional Instability of the NMJ with Chronic Inactivity in Humans, Marco Narici, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy 09:30 am Reduction of daily steps alters whole body and muscle oxidative metabolisms without affecting mitochondrial dynamics and function, Roberto Bottinelli, Pavia University, Italy 10:00 am Oxidative Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function: Adaptations to Disuse in Humans, Bruno Grassi, University of Udine, Italy 10.30 am Human Motor Unit Remodelling with Chronic Inactivity, Giuseppe De Vito, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy 11:00 am Open Coffee 11.00 am Circulating Factors Associated with Extremes of Physical Function in Octogenarians, Russell Hepple, Physical Therapy and Muscle Biology, University of Florida, USA 11:30 am A transcriptomic and spatial proteomic atlas of human aging and sarcopenia, Elena Monti, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University (CA), USA 12.00 am Muscle Gene Expression and Physiological Adaptations to Overloading Following Disuse in Humans, Martino Franchi, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova University, Italy 12:30 a.am Lunch 02:00 pm Session X_a: Exercise and exerkines, Elisabhet Barton, Bert Blaauw, Chairs 02:00 pm Adaptations of the Extracellular Matrix to Overloading in Children with Cerebral Palsy, Richard Lieber, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 02:30 pm Loss of Calpain 3 perturbs junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein stability at rest and following exercise, Elisabeth Barton, Myology Institute; University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 03:00 pm Over-Expression of the ERG1A Potassium Channel in C2C12 Myotubes Modulates Sodium Current Amplitude, but not Nav1.4 Gene Expression (25min), Amber L. Pond, Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL., USA 03.30 pm Nerve Activity Inhibits mTORC1-dependent Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle, Bert Blaaw, et al. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy 04:00 pm Reduced ATP turnover during hibernation in relaxed skeletal muscle of brown bear, Leonardo Nogara, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy 04:30 pm Open Coffee 04:30 pm Exercise-driven remodeling of Mitochondria and Sarcotubular System:a muscle strategy to improve function and resistance to fatigue, Feliciano Protasi, Chieti University, Italy 05:00 pm Extracellular matrix alteration and force transmission in older humans: A finite element analysis, Lorenzo Marcucci, DBS, University of Padova, Italy 05:20 pm How does the acute response to exercise depend on prior activity? Jack Edmondson, University of Liverpool, UK mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it THURSDAY March 27, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 05:40 pm Session X_b: Exercise and exerkines, Daniela Tavian, Bert Blaauw, Chairs 05:40 pm Plasma and Salivary Irisin Response to Resistance Training: A Comparative Study, Luigi Marano et al., University Cattolica-Milan, Italy 06:00 pm Effects of superimposed electromyostimulation during cycling on plasma irisin levels, Ester Tommasini et al., Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy 06:20 pm The effects of pedaling exercise with superimposed adaptive functional electrical stimulation (AFESK) on the physiological and perceptual responses to exercise and performance in healthy humans: a training study, Andrea Bosio et al., MAPEI Sport, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy 06:40 pm Improved Irisin and Mental Well-being in Breast Cancer Survivors Following 8 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise, Denise Vagnini et al., Università Cattolica-Milan, Italy 07:00 pm Increased serum levels of adiponectin upon a single bout of exhaustive exercise in amateur athletes, Martegani Eleonora, Università Cattolica-Milan, Italy 07:00 pm Characterization of a knock-in mouse model carrying a human mutation (D44N/+ in Calsequestrin-1) associated to Tubular Aggregate Myopathy. Laura Pietrangelo et al., Chieti/Pescara University, Italy 07:30 pm Dinner FRIDAY March 28, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 09:00 am Session XI Hyaluronans, glycosylated proteins and fibrosis in mobility disorders, Elena Barbieri, Giovanni Abatangelo, Chairs 09:00 am Hyaluronans and Glycosylated Proteins in Mobility Medicine Elena Barbieri, University of Urbino, Italy 09:20 am Intra-articular injections with Carboxymethyl-Chitosan in patients affected by knee osteoarthritis nonresponders to hyaluronic acid: a pilot study, Nicola Manocchio et al., Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy 09:40 am Conservative treatment of Achilles tendinopathy with infiltrative hyaluronans, Piero Sestili, University of Urbino, Italy 10:00 am Blue turmeric: a novel food targeting inflammatory molecular networks, Michela Battistelli, University of Urbino, Italy 10:15 am A Novel Fascial Mapping of Muscle Spindles Distribution: Insights from Murine Model Study, YunFeng Sun, Carla Stecco, Department of Neuroscience, Padua University, Italy 10:30 am The impact of MACO stroke on forelimb ECM in mice, XiaoXiao Zhao, et al., Department of Neuroscience, Padua University, Italy 10:45 am Open Coffee mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it FRIDAY March 28, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 10:50 am SESSION XII: Hydrotherapies in mobility disorders, Philippe Perrin, Stefano Masiero, Chairs 10:50 am Meteorological, chronobiological and thermal factors impacting postural control in knee osteoarthritis, Philippe Perrin, et al., University of Lorraine, Nancy, France 11:20 am Eustachian tube dysfunction: possibile role of crenotherapy, Alessandro Martini, University of Padua, Italy. 11:50 am "AQTOX Study”: a single blind controlled pilot study on aquatic therapy after spasticity treatment with botulinum toxin injection, Andrea Marcante, UOC Functional Recovery and Rehabilitation Unit, ULSS8 Berica, Lonigo (Vicenza), Italy 12:10 pm Method of pelvic symmetry recovery in musculoskeletal disorders, Kirill V. Terentev, et al., National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia 12:30 pm Lunch 02:00 pm SESSION XIII: Rehabilitation approaches in mobility disorders, Ugo Carraro, Stefano Masiero, Chairs 02:00 pm Rehabilitation approach to recover post-stroke diaphragm dysfunction, Elena Yu. Starkova, et al., Moscow, Russia 02:20 pm Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation to recover balance function in hemiparetic patients, Tatyana Chernyavskaya, et al. Moscow, Russia 02:40 pm Taopatch nanotechnology integrated into hearing aids, improves the parameters of the balance in hearing-impaired subjects, Andrea Fabris, Giuseppe Messina, etal., Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; and PLab Research Institute, Palermo, Italy 03:00 pm Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treatment through the PosturalSpine® D’Amanti Method and the Chêneau brace. A case study, Alfredo D'Amanti, Giuseppe Messina, et al., School of Specialization in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Florence, Italy, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; and PLab Research Institute, Palermo, Italy 03:20 pm Nanotechnology and athletic performance: Taopatch and athletic excellence, Andrea Pagliaro, Patrizia Proia, Giuseppe Messina, et al., Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; and PLab Research Institute, Palermo, Italy 03:40 pm Application of mindfulness techniques in the treatment of stress and eating disorders in the patients with type 1 diabetes. The need to reconnect mind and body, Marina Terenteva, et al., Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after MF Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia 04:00 pm Biodental engineering in research and innovation of dental implants (byZOOM), Sarkis Sozkes, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Turkey 04:20 pm Conclusive Remarks, Stefano Masiero, University of Padova, Italy 04:40 pm Coffee Break mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it FRIDAY March 28, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 05:00 pm SESSION XIV: Healthcare digitalization, AI and muscle imaging for Mobility Medicine, Paolo Gargiulo, Daniele Coraci, Chairs 05:00 pm 3D and virtual reality techniques for planning, training and education of complex anatomical disorders, Paolo Gargiulo, University of Reikjavik, Iceland 05.20 pm Virtual Muscle Histology: towards an AI characterization in healthy and pathological condition, Riccardo Forni, Reykjavik University, Iceland 05:40 pm 3D printed patient specific anatomy of cartilage tissue. Gianmarco Dolino and Damiano Coato, Reykjavik University, Iceland 06:00 pm Cohort studies using 3D-CT are needed to assess whether "home Gym-Bed" exercises are beneficial against sarcopenia, Daniele Coraci, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, Padua University, Italy 06:20 pm Innovative approaches in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: from neurophysiology to Artificial Intelligence, Maria Chiara Maccarone et al., Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, Padua University, Italy 06:40 am Quantitative 3D-CT Imaging for Sarcopenia Mitigation and Muscle Symmetry Restoration in an Elderly Subject: A Longitudinal Case Study (2014-2024), Marco Quadrelli, et al., Synlab Euganea Medica Padua and Neaple, Italy 07:00 am Conclusive Remarks, Aldo Morra, SynLab, Euganea Medica, Padua and SynLab, Naple, Italy 07:30 pm Dinner 09:30 pm Second Meeting of the International Board of the A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology and Mobility Medicine (A&C M-C Foundation for TM3) 10:00 pm Good Night to all at the Bar of the Hotel Petrarca with a glass of Euganean Hills wine mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it FRIDAY MARCH 28, 2025 Conference Hall Grazia, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 09:00 am SESSION XV: Masterclass on Muscle Rehabilitation in Dentistry Claudia Dellavia, Elena P. Ivanova, Chairs 09:00 am Innovative methods for the diagnosis and treatment of craniomandibular disorders, Elena P. Ivanova, Moscow, Russia; Frank Saxler, Cologne, Germany 09:20 am Bruxism and oral mucosa: new relationships to investigate? Mariana Dimova-Gabrovski, University of Sofia, Bulgaria 09:40 Biodental engineering in research and innovation of dental implants (by ZOOM), Sarkis Sozkes, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Turkey 10:00 am New perspectives in the myofascial pain treatment. Francesca Lenci, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 10:20 am Morpho-functional safety of the stomatognathic system during sports performance: indications of the Italian Society of Sports Dentistry. Alessandro Beraldi, Milan, Italy 10:40 am The masticatory muscles sEMG reliability in TMD patients; preliminary results. Paola Tessera, University of Pavia, Italy 11:00 am Coffee break 11:20 am US Imaging of masseter-parotid district. Dolaji Heinin, et al., University of Milan, Italy 11:40 am sEMG in patients with parotitis induced by masseter muscle hypertrophy, Massimiliano Vella. University of Milan, Italy 12:00 am Lectio magistralis: Differential diagnosis of salivary gland and surrounding muscle disorders: a handbook for dentists, Pasquale Capaccio, University of Milan, Italy 12:50 am Discussion 01:00.pm Working Lunch 02:00 pm SESSION XVI: Masterclass on Muscle Rehabilitation in Dentistry Roberto Rongo, Riccardo Rosati, Chairs 02:00 pm Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC) history and results. Claudia Dellavia, University of Milan, Italy 02:30 pm Maintenance and restoration of masticatory muscle function in everyday dentistry, Piero Simeone, Rome, Italy 05:30pm Functional and non-functional parafunctions: what role in TMDs? Rosaria Bucci and Roberto Rongo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. 06:30 pm Standardized electromyographic examination of the masticatory muscles: technical and clinical suggestions to reduce the learning curve. Riccardo Rosati, University of Milan, Milan, Italy 06:30 pm Conclusive Remarks and Greetings, Riccardo Rosati, Milan, Italy 07:00 pm Dinner mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it SATURDAY MARCH 29, 2025 Conference Hall Paradise, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 09:00 am SESSION XVII: Ludwig Boltzam Institute Workshop on Rehabilitation, Vincent Grote, Ugo Carraro, Chairs 09:00 am The impact of exercise and nutrition therapy on measures for sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review, Barbara Strasser et al., Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 09:20 am Performance score T2D – a new way to look at rehabilitation outcomes of post COVID patients. Vincent Grote, et al, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 09:40 am Which factors influence the success of rehabilitation? - A mixed-methods study on patients and healthcare professionals, Vincent Grote et al., Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 10:00 am Effectiveness of a digital intervention to promote physical activity after oncological rehabilitation in breast cancer patients: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Spela Matko et al., Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria 10:20 am Coffee break 10:20 am SESSION XVIII: Therapies in Gastroenterology, Fabrizio Cardin, Ugo Carraro, Chairs 10:20 am Gastrointestinal Disorders and Neurological Diseases, Fabrizio Cardin MD, former Gastroenterology Specialist in Padua Hospital-University Company, Italy 10:40 am Sacral Neuromodulation for bowel dysfunction, Giacomo Sarzo, Padua, Italy 11:00 am Surgical treatment for constipation, Giacomo Sarzo, Padua, Italy 11:20 am Safety and Efficacy of Intermuscular Tunnelling prior selective miotomy in a young patient affected by type 2 Achalasia, Alessandro Gubbiotti, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Sant’ Antonio Hospital, Padua, Italy. 11.40 am Esophageal motility disorders: from diagnosis to treatment, Luca Provenzano, O.U. General Surgery 1 - Padova University Hospital, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua, Italy 12:00 am Chemokines as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intestinal motility disorders in IBD, Igor Maev et al., the Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia 12:15 am Gut microbiome - SCFA - motility disorders dynamic system as the target for correction, Igor Maev et al., the Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia 12:30 am Final Remarks: Ugo Carraro, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 12:40 am Ugo Carraro: Arrivederci, Auf Wiedersehen, Au revoir, Goodbye to the 2026Pdm3, Euganean Thermae (Padua), Italy 13:00.am Lunch at the Trattoria Da Nicola, Montegrotto Terme (Padua), Italy mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it SATURDAY MARCH 29, 2025 Conference Hall Grazia, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae (Padua) Italy 09:30 am ZOOM SESSION: Therapy & Rehabilitation in Mobility Disorders, Elena P. Ivanova, Igor Reverchuck, Chairs 09:30 am Neurophenomenological interview as a method of studying psychosomatic balancing in the process of adaptation to learning, (by ZOOM), Victoria V. Kostyrkina, et al., Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia 09:40 am Prognosis of movement disorders in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke on the background of anticoagulant therapy (by ZOOM), Georgy Avakyan, Minh Duc Tranas, Albina N. Yasamanova, Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia 09:50 am Neurokinetics of emotional motor components of behavior in adolescents in norm and pathology (by ZOOM), Igor Reverchuk, BioInstitute for Somatomental Health, Samarkand State Medical University of the Republic of Uzbekistan 10:00 am Can the microclimatic conditions of a terrainkur influence the results of treatment in patients with arterial hypertension and overweight? (by Zoom) Irina A. Grishechkina, Anatoliy D. Fesyun, Tatyana A. Knyazeva, Maxim Yu. Yakovlev, Mikhail V. Nikitin, National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, and Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia 10.10 am The paradigm of somatic intelligence in neurorehabilitation (by ZOOM), Igor Reverchuk, BioInstitute for Somatomental Health, Samarkand State Medical University of the Republic of Uzbekistan 10:20 am The Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D3 on Calcium Homeostasis and Falls Incidence in Patients with Osteoporosis Undergoing Medical Rehabilitation (by ZOOM), Larisa Marchenkova, Anatoliy Fesyun, National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia 10:30 am Effectiveness of the Pelvic Floor Muscles Electrotherapy and Magnetic Stimulation in Preconception Programs for Women of Reproductive Age, Natalia Kotenko, Anatoliy Fesyun (by ZOOM), National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia 10:40 am Effectiveness of a Rehabilitation Programme for Patients with Post-Thrombotic Syndrome including Robotic Biofeedback Training of the Calf Muscle Venous Pump (by ZOOM), Tatyana Apkhanova, et al., National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia 10:50 am Prognosis of movement disorders in patients with cardioembolic stroke on the background of anticoagulant therapy, (by ZOOM) Georgy Avakyan, Minh Duc Tran, Albina N. Yasamanova, Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia 11:00 am Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric interactions as predictors of mental and somatic disorders (by ZOOM), Reverchuk IV, Aryamkina OL, Kuzmina IO, Kugaevskaya T, Melnikova DO, Safiullina LR, Bioinstitute for Somatopsychic Health, Kaliningrad, Russia Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia. 11:10 am Final Remarks: Ugo Carraro, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 12:40 am Ugo Carraro: Arrivederci, Auf Wiedersehen, Au revoir, Goodbye to the 2026Pdm3, Euganean Thermae (Padua), Italy mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it SPONSORS MED-EL Medical Electronics, a leader in auditory implants and functional electrical stimulation solutions. Fuerstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Hotel Petrarca, Pastorello Family Montegrotto Terme (Padova), Italy A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it PATRONS INTERDEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER OF MYOLOGY (CIR-MYO) DEPARTMENT of BIOLOGY (DB) DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (DSB) DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE (DNS) DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, ONCOLOGY, GASTROENTEROLOGY (DiSCOG) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PADUA, ITALY mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it COLLECTION OF ABSTRACTS 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 001 Activity, the final common path in muscle adaptation Jonathan Jarvis, Stanley Salmons School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK E-mail: J.C.Jarvis@ljmu.ac.uk Activity drives adaptation Stanley Salmons was the first to use autonomous miniature electronic stimulators to modify activity in skeletal muscles to investigate the mechanisms of muscle adaptation that had been known for centuries in the realm of muscle training and had been highlighted by experiments on cross re- innervation. His circumstances do not permit him to attend PMD 2025 as he had intended. I will cover some of his seminal work, showing that adult ‘terminally differentiated’ muscle fibres can indeed respond to changes in activity by re-expression of their genome, and that activity itself and the cellular consequences of that activity, is the primary causal aspect of the fast-to-slow and slow-to-fast changes associated with cross re-innervation and increases in accustomed activity achieved by neuromuscular stimulation or exercise interventions, or periods of disuse. Adaptation is a graded re-expression of the genome The molecular signature of the exercise response can be considered at many levels, from the earliest changes in metabolites, to intracellular shuttling of signalling molecules, to activation by phosphorylation of metabolic pathways, to changes in transcription and translation of specific genes, to changes in the proteome caused by modulation of the rates of synthesis and degradation. We have focused recently on the acute response to resistance training in rat and mouse hindlimb muscle. We activate the ankle dorsiflexors maximally while providing resistance from the plantarflexors to achieve a loaded or strength training pattern of repetitions and sets of repetitions. We will discuss the acute response in terms of the transcriptome and the metabolome. We have established a model of muscle growth in rodents using programmed contractions in which the plantar flexors are used to resist the dorsiflexors of the ankle [1, 2]. We will present data from experiments in the rat that show a marked increase of muscle mass, showing how the acute transcriptomic response 1 hour after an exercise session changes as a muscle adapts to daily exercise over 30 days. We will also show that a similar degree of hypertrophy is achieved after 30 days with exercise every three days, and that the transcriptomic response in this case shows less change towards an ‘endurance’ expression profile. We note that a pattern of daily training that produces substantial hypertrophy in the rat fails to do so in the mouse. Although other groups have now found methods to generate activity related hypertrophy in some lower limb muscles of the mouse, the cellular signalling around exercise and ageing is different in the two species. We have measured by nmr spectroscopy the metabolic shift after a single bout of unaccustomed resistance training in mouse and rat. The spectra separate by principal components analysis, but identification of the components that make the difference is not well established in muscle for nmr spectra, and identification by mass spectrometry is not yet sufficiently accessible for routine analysis. Transcutaneous activation of muscles via peripheral nerves in humans In human, the use of ‘activity’ to improve health and wellbeing is well-established but there are still many questions surrounding the ideal prescription and how best to achieve a certain level of activity. In persons with neuromuscular deficits, artificial stimulation known as functional electrical stimulation (FES) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be helpful. There has been recent interest in the use of kilohertz frequency stimulation for activation of brain and peripheral nerve. We have investigated the mechanism and practical application of interferential stimulation gauging activation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist by measuring the force output of adductor pollicis. It is difficult to achieve activation of a nerve below the skin without activation of the skin itself, but we shall show how the type and degree of nerve activation, and the associated skin sensation depends on the frequency and the waveform of the applied currents, and the positioning of the stimulating electrodes relative to the nerve. As can be seen in figure 1, two identical currents via two independent pairs of axial electrodes may not activate the nerve, but when the frequency of one is increased (offset) by only 0.2%, then significant activation may be achieved. There is ongoing debate over the neural membrane dynamics in this situation but there is also a dearth of experimental data that we are trying to address. Fig 1. Rows from top to bottom show force, stimulus ch 1, stimulus ch 2, sum of ch1 and ch2 mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:J.C.Jarvis@ljmu.ac.uk European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Key words: muscle adaptation, neuromuscular stimulation, transcriptomic analysis of the exercise response. References 1. Viggars MR, Sutherland H, Lanmüller H, Schmoll M, Bijak M, Jarvis JC. Adaptation of the transcriptional response to resistance exercise over 4 weeks of daily training. FASEB J. 2023 Jan;37(1):e22686. doi: 10.1096/fj.202201418R. PMID: 36468768. 2. Viggars MR, Sutherland H, Cardozo CP, Jarvis JC. Conserved and species-specific transcriptional responses to daily programmed resistance exercise in rat and mouse. FASEB J. 2023 Dec;37(12):e23299. doi: 10.1096/fj.202301611R. PMID: 37994729. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 002 Electrical stimulation technology, a versatile and effective tool for support of restoring and maintaining neuromuscular integrity Winfried Mayr Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. E-mail: winfried.mayr@meduniwien.ac.at Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has a long tradition along with the first availability of electrical sources and continuous innovation in technological developments. Right from the beginning it stands alone as modality for influencing bioelectrical fields in nerve and muscle fibers, which offers numerous options for vastly different rehabilitation tasks. FES can elicit traveling action potentials in afferent neurons, efferent neurons and muscle fibers, and it can neuromodulate excitability of the same structures to elevate or lower activation thresholds (Figure 2). Based on these simple principles it offers a wide spectrum of possibilities, beginning with pain and spasticity modification, tissue maintenance, support of recovery and relearning of motor control, support or substitution of impaired sensory and motor functions and more, per se or in combination with other therapeutic means. In practice we see FES only applied regularly in very few of the many existing rehabilitation institutions and consequently also rarely in the so important home-based continuation, where it can prevent long-term complications after neural injury, in particular spinal cord injury, or degenerative diseases and maintain sustained quality of life on a substantially elevated level. Reasons are in information deficits causing over- as well as underestimation, and skepticism at the same time. Lack of capacity and time constraints of rehabilitation professionals as well as new regulations for medical instrumentation, that do not consider the needs of small- market products for minorities enough, are currently essential factors, restrictive and shortsighted policies of health care providers, despite little relevance for their budgets, can make access further difficult to impossible. On the other hand, worldwide research keeps being lively and delivers serious clinical evidence, better understanding of mechanisms, technological innovations and exciting novel application fields 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** Fig 2. Role of electrical stimulation parameters and electrode setup in neuron recruitment mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:winfried.mayr@meduniwien.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 003 Ultra Sound evidence of deceleration of denervated facial muscles atrophy through functional electrical stimulation Johannes Krauss (1,2), Gabriel Meincke (1,2), Maren Geitner (1,2,3), Dirk Arnold (1,2,3), Jonas Ballmaier (1,2,3), Anna Kuttenreich (1,2,3), Timm Büchner (4), Joachim Denzler (4), Orlando Guntinas-Lichius (1,2,3), Gerd Fabian Volk (1,2,3) (1) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (2) Facial-Nerve-Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (3) Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (4) Computer Vision Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany E-mail: fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de More and more evidence of the therapeutic potentialities of surface electrostimulation (ES) for the treatment of facial paralysis has been published so far (1,2). Reducing variance to work with small patient numbers, especially studies containing objective imaging methods for paralysis quantification are of special value. Facial muscles as principal target of ES can be directly quantified via ultrasound, a swiftly feasible imaging method (3). We will study with a systematic evaluations of this approach within patients with complete unilateral facial paralysis. Using an established ultrasound protocol for facial muscles, we used it to predict therapeutic effects on patients with facial paralysis. ES-parameters were adjusted during the first visit and confirmed/adapted every four weeks thereafter. At each visit patients additionally underwent needle- electromyography to verify if the complete denervation would still be present as well as ultrasound imaging of the facial muscles. Stimulation was carried out at home for 20 minutes twice a day (morning and evening with an in- between break of at least 6 hours) on the paralytic side of the patients’ cheek, focusing mainly on the zygomaticus muscle. For home training, a two-phase stimulation in a triangular waveform with a phase duration of 5 seconds and a pulse pause of 1 second was performed. Patients terminated FES when EMG and clinical findings clearly indicated facial reinnervation. Ten patients (median 61 years, 25th to 75th percentile 38.3 – 71 years; 4 female, 6 male, median time of denervation 130 d) underwent FES for a mean of 95 days (min. 35, max. 301). Facial paralysis etiologies were vestibular schwannoma (n = 3), parotid cancer (n = 3), benign parotid tumor (n = 1), chronic otitis media (n = 1), zoster oticus (Ramsey-Hunt syndrome; n =1) and traumatic temporal bone fracture (n = 1)). They performed surface ES for a maximum of one year. The assessment of ultrasound imaging indicate that paralytic electro-stimulated zygomaticus muscle increases during the first month of ES, while control muscles outside the focus of ES further decreases in cross-sectional area compared. Photo assessment, but also patient related outcome measures (PROMs) support this positive effect during ES. In conclusion, Intense Electrostimulation can stop the denervation atrophy of facial muscles. Hence, the increase of ultrasound quantified muscle cross-sectional areas, but also photo and PROMs in facial paralysis, provides a clear indication of ES. It is recommended that the procedure be subjected to further investigations based on this pilot study with a larger patient collective and adapted study design. Looking ahead, ES offers a promising prospect of being established as an additional therapeutic pillar in the conservative treatment of facial nerve paresis and paralysis. Furthermore, the method of US quantification of the effect of FES on the denervated muscles by measuring the muscle CSA parameter is well suited and applicable in this context. Key words: Electrostimulation, facial paralysis, reinnervation, surface electrodes, zygomaticus muscle References 1. Puls WC, Jarvis JC, Ruck A, Lehmann T, Guntinas- Lichius O, Volk GF. Surface electrical stimulation for facial paralysis is not harmful. Muscle Nerve [Internet]. 2020;61(3):347–53. Available from: https://app.readcube.com/library/a116a3a3-6567-4c5c- a0ee-6a1ca9d1dfc7/item/9f679e6e-54c8-4c4f-9a90- 2e0570125aea 2. Tuncay F, Borman P, Taer B, Ünlü lhan, Samim E. Role of Electrical Stimulation Added to Conventional Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Facial (Bell) Palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehab [Internet]. 2015;94(3):222–8. Available from: https://app.readcube.com/library/a116a3a3-6567-4c5c- a0ee-6a1ca9d1dfc7/item/c44acd94-08d3-47f3-a58f- 88c51518d0d9 3. Arnold D, Thielker J, Klingner CM, Puls WC, Misikire W, Guntinas-Lichius O, et al. Selective Surface Electrostimulation of the Denervated Zygomaticus Muscle. Diagnostics [Internet]. 2021;11(2):188. Available from: https://app.readcube.com/library/a116a3a3-6567-4c5c- a0ee-6a1ca9d1dfc7/item/628fc2e3-78ce-40a5-a698- 529f190d0804 4. Meincke G, Krauß J, Geitner M, Kuttenreich AM, Arnold D, Ballmaier J, et al. Deceleration of denervated facial muscle atrophy through functional electrical stimulation: a sonographic quantification in patients with facial nerve paralysis. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024;34(4). 5. Krauß J, Meincke G, Geitner M, Kuttenreich AM, Beckmann J, Arnold D, et al. Efficacy of electrical stimulation of the zygomaticus muscle in complete facial paralysis: evidence from facial grading and automated image analysis. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024;34(4). ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 004 Electrostimulation in facial nerve palsy is safe and helpful Giovanni Pegoraro Fondazione Borghi Korian Brebbia, Varese, Italy E-mail: pegogio@hotmail.com The seventh cranial nerve is known as the facial nerve and is a purely motor nerve. Facial paralysis occurs when the facial nerve becomes damaged, causing weakness, mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de mailto:pegogio@hotmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it drooping, and loss of facial movements. Facial nerve damage can occur for several reasons, including infection and trauma. Electrical stimulation is widely recommended for peripheral nerve palsy because it can help maintain muscle cell structures during the denervation period. However, many articles have advised against this procedure in facial nerve palsy.1-3 According to these authors, electrostimulation is not effective for nerve recovery and can also cause muscle motor disorders such as synkinesis or dystonic contraction. We report on the clinical case of a 45- year-old patient suffering from Ramsay Hunt syndrome. We used a 0.2 ms pulse at 5 m for 20 minutes once a day for each mimic muscle on the left side of the face for 6 months until complete recovery. After twenty years’ experience in electrostimulation in facial nerve paralysis, we believe that the facial nerve is no different from other motor nerves, and that chronic movement disorders result from muscle weakness and incomplete reinnervation. Key words: Facial nerve palsy; electrical stimulation; Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. References 1. Muyung Chul Yoo, Jeong Hee Kim, Yong Jun Kim, Junyang Jung, Sung Soo Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, Seung Geun Yeo. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies. J Clin Med.2023 Jun 19;12(12):4133. 2. Laura Sommerauer, Simon Engelmann, Marc Ruewe, Alexandra Anker, Lukas Prantl, Andreas Kehrer. Effects of electrostimulation therapy in facial nerve palsy. Arch Plast Surg. 2020 Sep 25; 48(3):278-281.doi 3. Lotter M, Quinci A. La riabilitazione delle paralisi del VII nervo cranico. Teorie e proposte terapeutiche. Piccin 2012. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 005 Interplay between Muscle and Bone following Electrical Stimulation Exercises in Persons with SCI Ashraf S. Gorgey (1), Dora E. Ifon (1), Refka Khalil (1), Gregory Chang (2), Robert A. Adler (1) (1) Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; (2) Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY US E-mail: ashraf.gorgey@va.gov Spinal cord injury (SCI) negatively impacts muscle quality and bone health. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation- resistance training (NMES-RT) has been shown to enhance muscle quality. It is unclear whether adding NMES-RT to functional electrical stimulation (FES)-lower extremity cycling or FES-rowing may further augment muscle quality and subsequently enhance bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular microarchitecture. We, hereby, present findings from two clinical trials that are conducted in our lab. Both randomized clinical trials implemented different durations of 6 and 9 months. The first trial enrolled 32 participants that were evenly randomized into 12 weeks of NMES-RT followed by 12 weeks of FES-lower extremity cycling (NMES-RT+FES; n=16) or 12 weeks of passive movement training (PMT) followed by 12 weeks of FES- lower extremity cycling (PMT+FES; n=16). The second trial enrolled six participants that were randomized into either 9 month of vitamin D+ electrical stimulation exercise (vit D+ES-Excs) or vit D+ passive movement training (PMT) groups. The vit D+ES-Excs underwent daily supplementation of vit D with 4.5 months of neuromuscular electrical stimulation-resistance training (NMES-RT) followed by 4.5 months of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-rowing, twice weekly, using a home-based training approach. Isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure knee extensor isometric and isokinetic toques. Magnetic resonance imaging measured whole thigh and knee extensor (KE) muscle CSAs and trabecular microarchitectures of the distal femur and proximal tibia. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measured total and regional BMD. Finally, bone biomarkers were captured at different points of the study. Measurements were obtained at baseline, mid intervention (P1) and at the end of the study (P2). In the first trial, NMES-RT elicited a trend towards greater isometric torque at 80 Hz (P = 0.057) and isokinetic torque [60 deg/sec; P = 0.009 and 180 deg/sec; P= 0.003] compared to PMT. Muscle CSA was greater in left whole thigh [F (2,20) =9.1; P =0.007] and KE [F (2,20) =15.5; P =0.001] by 11.0 and 8.0 cm2 respectively at P1 in the NMES-RT+FES compared to PMT+FES. Additionally, NMES-RT+FES maintained BMD at the distal femur. In the second trial, the vit D+ES-Excs showed increases in leg (5.3%) compared to the total body lean mass. The percentage changes indicated that two persons in the vit D+ES-Excs showed decreases in trabecular spacing (28%) and increases in trabecular network (33 -49%). This was accompanied by attenuation of BMD loss at the pelvis (3.6-7.7%), femoral necks (4.5- 8.4%) and knees (10.5- 18.7%). and decreases in biomarkers of bone resorption (7 -23.5%). In conclusion, enhancing muscle quality via increasing peak isometric or isokinetic torques as well as muscle hypertrophy may result in positive bone adaptations following electrical stimulation exercise in persons with SCI. Despite differences in durations, the two trials suggest positive bone adaptations as demonstrated by changes in BMD and trabecular microarchitectures after SCI. Keywords: Electrical stimulation Exercise; Home-Based Training; Trabecular bone; BMD; Muscle and bone interplay; Spinal cord injury. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 006 Tissue Composition Changes in Long-Term Denervated Muscles - Beneficial Effects of Long-Pulse Electrical Stimulation Ines Bersch (1,2), Marie Alberty (1,2), Winfried Mayr (3), Thordur Helgason (4), Ellen Huld (4) (1) International FES Centre® Swiss Paraplegic Center Nottwil, Switzerland; (2) Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; (3) Center for Medical Physics and mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ashraf.gorgey@va.gov European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria; (4) Health Technology Center, Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University - Landspitali University Hospital, Iceland E-mail: ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch Spinal cord injury (SCI) leading to compromised lower motor neuron function can result in atrophy and degenerative changes within the respective muscle. This particular type of lesion assumes notable severity when the gluteal muscles and/or the hamstrings are affected, given their role in providing protective cushioning against skin injury. Advancements in the development of parameters for the optimal application of long pulse stimulation for denervated muscles over the past 30 years have aimed to restore muscle structure and trophic aspects in people with chronic SCI. The objective of the study was to examine the impact on tissue composition and its temporal progression during the initial six months following long pulse stimulation initiation, when electrical stimulation treatment is initiated more than 2 years after denervation of gluteal muscles in a chronic state that exhibits degeneration changes. The study protocol extended over a period of six months, including three measurement periods (Figure 3). 20 people with SCI were included in the study. Inclusion criteria encompassed chronic SCI, aged 18–70, injury levels T10–L5 (AIS A-D), and gluteal muscle denervation, confirmed by non-reaction to neuromuscular ES using specific parameters (50 Hz, 300 μs, 100 mA). Exclusion criteria were arteriosclerosis, pressure injuries, skin irritation, infection, or recent surgery. A standardized MRI (Figure 4) (3T-MRI Archeva, Philips, Horgen, Switzerland) was performed at the beginning of the study and after three and six months to ascertain alterations in the tissue composition of the pelvic region in the area of the gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus and medius). For home-based administered stimulation training, participants la y in a prone position while electrical stimulation (ES) was applied using Stimulette den2x (Schuhfried GmbH, Vienna, Austria). Sponge pockets with 10 × 13 cm electrodes were placed on the buttocks to generate a horizontal electrical field covering the gluteal area (Figure 5). ES was performed five times a week for six months, with each session lasting 45 minutes, including preparation. The session included a 3- minute warm-up and a 30-minute training phase. The warm- up phase involved 11-second bursts at 0.86 Hz, using biphasic ramp-shaped pulses (150 ms duration, 1 s inter- pulse pause), followed by 11-second breaks. The training phase used biphasic rectangular pulses at 20 Hz, with 40 ms pulse durations (20ms per phase) and 10 ms inter-pulse p auses in 2-second bursts with 2-second breaks. Participants used intensities of 90 mA for warm-up and 120 mA for training throughout the study. Data from 5 out of 20 participants are presented. Each voxel within the analyzed regions represents a combination of tissues, including connective tissue, fat, and muscle. The dominant tissue type within a voxel determines its grey value, with grey values in the range of 100–400 primarily reflecting muscle tissue. The analysis focused on muscle density, tissue composition, and their changes over a six-month period following electrical stimulation (ES). Tissue composition analysis demonstrated alterations in the proportions of muscle, infiltrated fat, and fat over time, providing a detailed depiction of tissue progression in response to the intervention. An increase in the number of voxels with grey values within the muscle range (100–400) indicates an increase in muscle tissue volume or a reduction in fat infiltration, reflecting improvements in muscle composition. Figure 6 presents changes in mean grey values calculated from a selected area within the muscle, ensuring that the analysis reflects changes in the targeted region of interest while minimizing the influence of adjacent non-muscle tissues. An increase in the number of voxels with grey values within the muscle range (100–400) is indicative of denser and healthier muscle tissue. Conversely, a decrease Fig 3. Study workflow Fig 4. Landmarks of 3 Tesla MRI Fig 6. Mean grey values across the time points baseline, 3 and 6 month Fig 5. Left side positioning of the electrodes; right side simulation device Stimulette 2 den (Schuhfried GmbH, Vienna, Austria) mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it in mean grey values within the fat range (800–1500) highlights reduced fat infiltration in the muscle. Figure 7 illustrates the percentage composition of muscle, infiltrated fat, and fat across all measured time points. The graph demonstrates a favorable progression, characterized by an increase in muscle composition (100–400), indicative of tissue regeneration, and a reduction in infiltrated fat (400– 800), reflecting enhanced muscle quality with less fat contamination in the muscle. Additionally, a decrease in fat content (800–1500) further underscores the positive impact of electrical stimulation on tissue composition. Key words: chronic spinal cord injury; muscle denervation; long pulse stimulation; MRI. References 1. Alberty, M., Mayr, W. & Bersch, I. Electrical Stimulation for Preventing Skin Injuries in Denervated Gluteal Muscles—Promising Perspectives from a Case Series and Narrative Review. Diagnostics 13, 219 (2023). 2. Bersch, I. & Mayr, W. Electrical stimulation in lower motoneuron lesions, from scientific evidence to clinical practice: a successful transition. Eur. J. Transl. Myol. (2023) doi:10.4081/ejtm.2023.11230. 3.Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Voxel-based morphometry--the methods. Neuroimage. 2000 Jun;11(6 Pt 1):805-21. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0582. PMID: 10860804 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 007 Effectiveness of FES x DDM after twenty years of permanent denervation and degeneration of human muscle: ultrasound evidence of thigh muscle contraction by surface electrical stimulation after ten years of interruption of FES x DDM Daniele Coraci (1,2), Stefano Masiero (1,2,3), Ugo Carraro (2,3,4). (1) Rehabilitation Unit of the Department of Neuroscience, University Padua General Hospital, Italy; (2) School of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua Italy; (4) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. E-mail: daniele.coraci@unipd.it Mr. A.C. (born 18.01.1965) is a patient of the European RISE project of the 5th EU Framework Program. In the period between August 2004 and June 2006, he underwent diagnostic evaluations and performed daily transcutaneous electrical stimulation together with a group of patients with complete and permanent lesions of peripheral motor neurons. He has a fracture of the thoracic vertebral bodies 11 and 12, and a fracture at the L 1 level since 10.28.2003 resulting in a complete lesion of the spinal cord (ASIA grade A). He used a prototype of the special electrical stimulator, which was eventually made commercially available by the Schuhfried company after the positive results of the RISE study under the name Schuhfried Den2x which is the successor to the RISE prototypes. As far as we know from the available scientific literature, it is currently the only RISE STIMULATOR available (Dr. Schuhfried Medizintechnik GmbH, Van Swieten-Gasse 10, 1090 Vienna) that provides sufficiently high current pulses for the treatment of the muscles of patients with complete and permanent lesions of the lower motor neurons such as those of Mr. AC. Mr. AC has been using home stimulation of the thighs and other leg muscles for 12 years, but has stopped therapy with FES x DDM in the last 10 years. On November 30, 2023 he went to the Rehabilitation Unit of the Padua Polyclinic asking to restart the FES x DDM Protocol with a new device, because his old RISE Prototype was no longer usable after years of abandonment. Checking his quadriceps muscles with ultrasound and dynamic ultrasound, to the surprise of all the specialists present at the Rehabilitation Unit of the University Hospital of Padua, the long-term (20 year) denervated muscles responded to surface FES x DDM with repetitive contractions. Let me stress again that A.C. performed Home FES x DDM for 12 years after enrollment in the RISE Project, but discontinued it in 2015, ten years ago. Though it is the only case we know, it is astonishing that his denervated skeletal muscles respond to the surface-high-current-electrical stimulation more than twenty years after permanent complete denervation. In our opinion the only rational explanation is that FES x DDM was very effective during the first 12 years of denervation. Thus, he can be considered a patient with 10 years of complete rest of his leg muscles, not more than 20 years. During these long years Mr. C.A. suffered of decubitus ulcers in his low back, calves and feet. Unfortunately, despite this strong evidence of the effectiveness of FES x DDM, Mr. A.C. either pays 6.000 euros (Six Thousand Euros) to purchase the device from the Schuhfried Company or continues to wait until his doctors in Piacenza, Italy will be willing and able to convince the Italian Social Security System to cover at least half the costs for home use of the Schuhfried Den2x stimulator. The A&C M-C Foundation offered to rent the stimulator for a symbolic sum for one year, but as far as we know, Mr. A.C. continues to be against this opportunity. Luckily, Mr. A.C. recently changed his mind and accepted the symbolic rental of the device in use at the Rehabilitation Unit of the Department of Neuroscience of the University of Padua, Italy, where he went to be re-evaluated. His muscles responded with minimal series of contractions visible even to the naked eye to FES for DDM stimulation, but FES for DDM only). So now he stays at home to stimulate his muscles that have been Fig 7. Illustrates the percentage composition of muscle, infiltrated fat, and fat for each measured time point.. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:daniele.coraci@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it denervated for twenty years. We are certain that this will help him avoid the very dangerous risks of bed sores over his buttocks, calves and heels. We ask if anyone in the audience finds a permanent solution for this patient. He has the right to be cared for in the best possible way, but too few in Italy believe in this right of A.C. Who will join us for a common petition to the Italian Social Security System? Key Words: Long-term permanent denervation of skeletal muscles; decubitus ulcers; FES x DDM; Schuhfried Den2x stimulator. References 1. Kern H, Carraro U, Adami N, Hofer C, Loefler S, Vogelauer M, Mayr W, Rupp R, Zampieri S. One year of home-based daily FES in complete lower motor neuron paraplegia: recovery of tetanic contractility drives the structural improvements of denervated muscle. Neurol Res. 2010 Feb;32(1):5-12. doi: 10.1179/174313209X385644. PMID: 20092690. 2. Kern H, Carraro U. Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;10(8):529. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10080529. PMID: 32751308; PMCID: PMC7460102. 3. Bersch I, Mayr W. Electrical stimulation in lower motoneuron lesions, from scientific evidence to clinical practice: a successful transition. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Jun 8;33(2):11230. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11230. PMID: 37288875; PMCID: PMC10388603. 4. Bazarek SF, Krenn MJ, Shah SB, Mandeville RM, Brown JM. Novel Technologies to Address the Lower Motor Neuron Injury and Augment Reconstruction in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells. 2024 Jul 22;13(14):1231. doi: 10.3390/cells13141231. PMID: 39056812; PMCID: PMC11274462. 5. Carraro U, Alberty MS, Anton S, Barbieri E, Bersch I, Blaauw B, Bosco G, Forni R, Ganassi M, Gargiulo P, Gentil P, Gorgey AS, Leeuwenburgh C, Maccarone MC, Martini A, Masiero S, Mayr W, Messina G, Morra A, Narici M, Ohlendieck K, Perrin P, Pond A, Quadrelli M, Rosati R, Sestili P, Smeriglio P, Sweeney HL, Tavian D, Volk GF. Mobility Medicine: A call to unify hyper- fragmented specialties by abstracts sent to 2025Pdm3, and typescripts to Ejtm3, and Diagnostics. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Dec 12;34(4). doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13432. PMID: 39665691. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 008 Welcome and Introduction to the Med-El Workshop on Electrical Stimulation Solutions Alejandro Honeyands Marti, Med-El Spain E-mail: alejandro.honeyands@medel.com MED-EL, Medical Electronics, a world leader in implantable hearing solutions, was founded with the mission of overcoming hearing loss as a communication barrier. Founded by two pioneering scientists in the industry, Ingeborg and Erwin Hochmair, who developed the world's first microelectronic multichannel cochlear implant (CI) in 1977. Since then, MED-EL has grown to have over 2,700 employees and offers the widest range of implantable and non-implantable hearing solutions worldwide, enabling people in 140 countries to hear thanks to a MED-EL device. With our passion for medical technology and our sophisticated way of neurostimulation, our Neurorehabilitation department has over 28 years of experience, focusing primarily on electrical stimulation for neurological conditions, from complex mobility disorders to denervation and spinal cord injuries. Our latest innovation, the STIWELL® PROFES electrical stimulation device, (Figure 8) combines a modern design with intuitive navigation and ease of use. Muscle groups can be activated simultaneously or sequentially, allowing for the retention of complex movement patterns. STIWELL® PROFES addresses a wide range of pathologies of the first motor neuron such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and facial paralysis; and second motor neuron, including spinal cord injury and denervation. It offers individualized solutions through specific programs and parameter customization. MED-EL is your Electrical Stimulation expert. Our mission is to change people's lives positively and in a sustained manner through electrical stimulation. To achieve our goal, we are counting on great researchers and key opinion leaders in the field in academic and clinical institutions from all over the world. We are privileged to have with us today an esteemed panel of speakers, renowned researchers and clinicians who are at the forefront of their respective fields. Their expertise and insights will undoubtedly enrich our understanding of different aspects of Electrical Stimulation in Neurorehabilitation. I hope you, as well as I, enjoy it. Key words: Denervation; Electrical Stimulation; FES; Stroke; Facial Paralysis. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** Fig 8. "MED-EL STIWELL ® PROFES Electrical Stimulation for Neurorehabilitation". mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:alejandro.honeyands@medel.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 009 Strategies to optimize the integration of therapeutic exercise and peripheral electrical nerve stimulation: a clinical perspective Leonardo Boccuni Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Department of Conegliano, Treviso, Italy. E-mail: leonardo.boccuni@lanostrafamiglia.it In the neurorehabilitation field there is a huge gap between research findings and clinical practice, so that patients rarely receive treatments based on the best available evidence.1 This is evident for peripheral electrical nerve stimulation, a therapy that may offer unique opportunities such as improvement of muscle trophism,2 improvement of motor function,3 and normalization of muscle tone;4 however, electrotherapy is rarely proposed to patients with severe neuromotor disorders. Furthermore, even in well-structured clinical trials, electrotherapy is often investigated with sub-optimal paradigms, for instance with passive cyclic stimulation eliciting muscle contraction without requiring active participation by the patient, with the consequence of concluding that electrotherapy is ineffective, or even worse that there is very limited potential for recovery in severely impaired patients. Therefore, a perspective grounded on research evidence and clinical experience is beneficial to offer optimal treatments for severely impaired patients, and to design effective interventional research trials. The first step may be represented by a review of the literature published in 2022 on Frontiers Neurology.1 The core concept is that motor learning principles are the backbone of effective neurorehabilitation treatments, with assistive technologies being particularly useful in those areas where the hands of the therapist are not sufficient. In this perspective, electrotherapy is a precious resource because of its unique ability to provoke a joint movement through a patient’s muscle contraction, and for its neuromodulatory effects at the level of the central nervous system. That said, here is a list of specific strategies to implement electrotherapy with therapeutic exercise: 1. 120’ of low-frequency sensory stimulation (10 Hertz, 500 μs, intensity below motor threshold) before motor training to improve motor function by priming brain neuroplasticity (activation of primary sensorimotor cortex). 2. 30’ of high frequency sensory stimulation (100 Hertz, 200 μs, intensity below motor threshold) to normalize muscle tone by priming spinal cord neuroplasticity (presynaptic inhibition of hyperactive stretch reflexes). 3. Triggered functional electrical stimulation (typically 30-50 Hertz, 300-500 μs, intensity above motor threshold) to improve motor function by pairing movement execution and patient’s intention to move in active-assisted training fashion. The trigger may be a brain computer interface signal, a EMG signal, or simply a button pressed by the patient or by the therapist (Figure 9). 4. Specific parameters and electrodes for denervated muscles (triangular shape, very long biphasic pulse of 120-150 ms at high intensity), to maintain and restore muscle trophism. 5. Integration of electrical stimulation and other assistive devices and technologies, such as splinting, antigravity support systems, and robotics. 6. Non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation to improve motor function and normalize muscle tone (currently being under investigation, not available for clinical use).5 To conclude, there are several opportunities in the neurorehabilitation field for clinicians, researchers, and neurotech developers, that may be achieved by embracing an evidence-based clinical perspective, with the goal of merging existing knowledge with practical patients’ needs. Key words: electrical stimulation; neurorehabilitation; motor learning; clinical perspective. References 1. Boccuni, L., Marinelli, L., Trompetto, C., Pascual- Leone, A., & Tormos Muñoz, J. M. (2022). Time to reconcile research findings and clinical practice on upper limb neurorehabilitation. Frontiers in neurology, 13, 939748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.939748 2. Kern H, Carraro U. Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;10(8):529. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10080529. PMID: 32751308; PMCID: PMC7460102. 3. Khan, M. A., Fares, H., Ghayvat, H., Brunner, I. C., Puthusserypady, S., Razavi, B., Lansberg, M., Poon, A., & Meador, K. J. (2023). A systematic review on functional electrical stimulation based rehabilitation systems for upper limb post-stroke recovery. Frontiers in neurology, 14, 1272992. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1272992 4. Mahmood, A., Veluswamy, S. K., Hombali, A., Mullick, A., N, M., & Solomon, J. M. (2019). Effect of Fig 9. Examples of integration for electrotherapy, functional hand splinting, and therapeutic exercise to perform active-assisted intensive task-oriented training in severely affected patients. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:leonardo.boccuni@lanostrafamiglia.it https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.939748 https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1272992 European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Spasticity in Adults With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 100(4), 751–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.10.016 5. Inanici, F., Brighton, L. N., Samejima, S., Hofstetter, C. P., & Moritz, C. T. (2021). Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Restores Hand and Arm Function After Spinal Cord Injury. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering: a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 29, 310– 319. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3049133 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 010 The phenomenon of lesions of the upper and lower motoneuron in in-and extrinsic muscles of the upper limb in persons with tetraplegia Development of a stimulation protocol to enhance functionality Ines Bersch, Thomas Schick Notwill FES Center, Switzerland E-mail: ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) plays a crucial role in rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Its application is based on a deep understanding of muscle physiology, stimulation protocols, and integration into functional activities. Muscle Physiology in SCI Muscle response to spinal cord injury varies depending on whether the upper or lower motoneuron (UMN/LMN) is affected. Upper motoneuron lesions (UMNL) lead to preferential atrophy of type II muscle fibers, with fiber type grouping due to collateral sprouting. Lower motoneuron lesions (LMNL) cause grouped atrophy, as the loss of motor units disrupts normal muscle structure. In complete SCI, type II fiber atrophy begins within the first month, followed by type I fiber atrophy later. In incomplete SCI, muscle cross-sectional area can shrink by 33%, while intramuscular fat increases by 126% within six weeks of injury. Over time, SCI patients accumulate three times more intramuscular fat and four times more subfascial fat compared to able-bodied individuals. Reduced oxidative enzymatic capacity further contributes to muscle degeneration. Stimulation Protocols and Applications FES is applied differently depending on whether the UMN or LMN is affected (Figure 10). The goal of stimulation may be to substitute function, prevent atrophy, strengthen muscles, or support motor learning. Stimulation parameters are tailored accordingly: Partially denervated muscles require specialized protocols. In UMNL, stimulation can be applied to muscles innervated by supra-lesional segments, while in LMNL, stimulation targets muscles with damaged anterior horn cells to prevent further degeneration. Motor Point Mapping and Quality of Contraction Motor point testing helps identify the optimal stimulation site for each muscle, ensuring efficient activation with the lowest intensity. Muscles are classified based on their contraction response to 300 µs, 35 Hz stimulation: • ≥3 MRC: Innervated • <3 MRC: Partially denervated • 0 MRC: Fully denervated For partially denervated muscles, stimulation can alternate between nerve stimulation and direct muscle stimulation, either in 30-minute sessions or on alternating days. If partial voluntary innervation remains, traditional active rehabilitation can be combined with direct stimulation. Integrating FES into Functional Activities FES can be used both for temporary applications (neuromodulation, motor learning, contracture treatment) (Figure 11) and long-term strategies (supporting function, preventing muscle degeneration). In individuals with chronic SCI, targeted electrical stimulation can improve functional movement, allowing for manipulation of small objects, improved grip strength, and enhanced independence. For example, a 17-year chronic LMN lesion patient underwent 12 weeks of daily stimulation, enabling him to handle objects like credit cards and coins. Stimulation was applied with long pulses (ms instead of µs) to elicit a muscle contraction. In another case, forearm pronation was improved through motor point mapping, allowing selective electrode placement for optimized function. Training five times per week using 35 Hz, 300 µs, 25 mA helped the patient regain Fig 10. Stimulation protocol for upper motoneuron lesions for arm cranking Fig 11. Stimulation protocol for motor learning. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.10.016 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3049133 mailto:ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it controlled movement. Managing Fatigue and Optimizing Stimulation One challenge with FES is muscle fatigue, which results from metabolic changes affecting excitation-contraction coupling. Solutions include: • Multi-pad and array electrodes to distribute stimulation • Interleaved stimulation to create asynchronous motor unit activation • Varying stimulation frequencies during a single session These techniques allow for more natural muscle activation, mimicking voluntary contractions and improving endurance. Final Thoughts FES has transformed rehabilitation by enabling individuals with SCI to regain functional movement, prevent muscle atrophy, and improve quality of life. However, successful implementation requires time, experience, anatomical understanding, and technical expertise. Ongoing research, financial support, and motivated clinicians are essential to advancing its applications in treatment, rehabilitation, and education Key words: spinal cord injury; upper motoneuron lesion; lower motoneuron lesion, electrical stimulation protocol; motor point testing. References 1. Functional Electrical Stimulation in Neurorehabilitation; Synergy Effects of Technology and Therapy; Editor Thomas Schick; 978-3-030-90125-7Published: 27 May 2023; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90123-3 2. Bersch, I., Mayr, W. Electrical stimulation in lower motoneuron lesions, from scientific evidence to clinical practice: a successful transition. Eur. J. Transl. Myol. (2023) doi:10.4081/ejtm.2023.11230. 3. Bersch, I., Krebs, J. & Fridén, J. A Prediction Model for Various Treatment Pathways of Upper Extremity in Tetraplegia. Frontiers Rehabilitation Sci 3, 889577 (2022). 4. Dolbow, D. R., Gorgey, A. S., Johnston, T. E. & Bersch, I. Electrical Stimulation Exercise for People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Healthcare Provider Perspective. J Clin Medicine 12, 3150 (2023). 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 011 Selective surface stimulation therapy for facial nerve paralysis Gerd Fabian Volk (1,2,3), Johannes Krauß (1,2), Gabriel Meincke (1,2), Jonas Ballmaier (1,2,3), Maren Geitner (1,2,3), Katharina Geißler (1,2,3), Orlando Guntinas- Lichius (1,2,3). (1) Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (2) Facial-Nerve-Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; (3) Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. E-mail: fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de High therapy frequencies with up to several training units per day are crucial for the success of many rehabilitation programs. At the same time, such high therapy frequencies cannot be provided by human therapists due to the financial and personnel costs. Surface electrostimulation home training, possibly with computer support or tele medical elements, could be a solution here.1 Study results for pure audio-visual controlled tele medical training, surface electrical stimulation home-training but also EMG-triggered electro-stimulation of the facial muscles to support facial movements will be presented and compared: Surface electrostimulation can prevent atrophy of denervated facial muscles.2,3 By placing surface electrodes or needle electrodes in the right way, selective muscle stimulation and on that way specific facial movements can be evoked. By recording high quality, intramuscular EMG signals or multichannel ear EMGs, an automatic distinction between different facial movements is possible.4 Combining all these components, a closed-loop EMG-triggered electrical stimulation system could be capable of supporting the most important facial movements such as eye blink, eye closure and smile.5 Therefore, such systems could serve as a valuable tool for rehabilitation, acting as a training system to support facial movement recovery. Additionally, the prospect of adapting this technology for implantable, but also for non-invasive devices presents an intriguing avenue for future research. Patient pathways, application scenarios, and ideas for future medical devices will be developed in an interactive exchange with the participants. Smart implants, but also small adhesive surface stimulation devises to treat facial paralysis with electrical stimulation could be an emerging application and a point of debate of our workshop. Key words: facial palsy, telemedicine, permanent muscle denervation; electrical stimulation, facial pacing. References 1. Ballmaier J, Hölzer S, Geitner M, Kuttenreich AM, Erfurth C, Guntinas-Lichius O, Volk GF. Telemedizin bei Fazialisparese : Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Möglichkeiten bei der Behandlung in der HNO- Heilkunde [Telemedicine for patients with facial palsy : Current developments and options in otorhinolaryngologic treatment]. HNO. 2024 Oct;72(10):702-710. German. doi: 10.1007/s00106-024- 01449-4. Epub 2024 Mar 26. PMID: 38530382; PMCID: PMC11422449. 2. Krauß J, Meincke G, Geitner M, Kuttenreich AM, Beckmann J, Arnold D, Ballmaier J, Lehmann T, Mayr W, Guntinas-Lichius O, Volk GF. Efficacy of electrical stimulation of the zygomaticus muscle in complete facial paralysis: evidence from facial grading and automated image analysis. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Nov 15;34(4):13161. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13161. PMID: 39555983; PMCID: PMC11726304. 3. Meincke G, Krauß J, Geitner M, Kuttenreich AM, Arnold D, Ballmaier J, Lehmann T, Mayr W, Guntinas- Lichius O, Volk GF. Deceleration of denervated facial muscle atrophy through functional electrical stimulation: a sonographic quantification in patients with facial nerve paralysis. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Nov 13;34(4):13162. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13162. PMID: 39535548; PMCID: PMC11726303. 4. Leistritz L, Hochreiter J, Bachl F, Volk GF. Classification of facial movements in chronic facial palsy based on intramuscular EMG signals recorded mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90123-3 mailto:fabian.volk@med.uni-jena.de European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it from the paretic side. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2020 Jul;2020:662-665. doi: 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175249. PMID: 33018074. 5. Steiner K, Arnz M, Volk GF, Guntinas-Lichius O. Electro-Stimulation System with Artificial-Intelligence- Based Auricular-Triggered Algorithm to Support Facial Movements in Peripheral Facial Palsy: A Simulation Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Sep 28;14(19):2158. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14192158. PMID: 39410562; PMCID: PMC11475571. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 – Abstract 012 Disentangling the Effects of Time Restricted Eating, Calorie Restriction, and Exercise on Metabolic Health Armin Ezzeti (1), Rola Zeidan (1), Christiaan Leeuwenburgh (1), Stephen Anton (1,2) (1) Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida; (2) Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Institute on Aging, Gainesville, USA. E-mail: Santon@ufl.edu Over the past decade, intermittent fasting (IF) has gained widespread attention as a promising strategy for improving health and metabolic outcomes. Of the various types of IF patterns, time-restricted eating (TRE), which typically involves periods of prolonged daily fasting with shortened eating windows, has become a popular form. Many experts have proposed that the benefits of TRE are solely due to the unintentional reduction in calorie intake that often occurs when individuals adopt a TRE pattern.1 Thus, the expected effects of TRE on the biology of aging would be expected to be identical to calorie restriction (CR). However, emerging evidence calls this traditional view into question, highlighting the benefits of prolonged daily fasting periods, independent of calorie deficits, for promoting health and longevity. For example, findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrate that prolonged daily fasting, or TRE, improves markers of autophagy, inflammation and insulin sensitivity, independent of CR or significant weight loss.2-4 One proposed mechanism through which these beneficial effects occur is through improved circadian alignment. Other studies have shown that exercise regimens can also improve insulin sensitivity, with or without calorie restriction.5 The focus of this presentation is on the nuanced relationship between fasting, specifically TRE, exercise, and CR (Figure 12). We will review evidence that challenges the conventional belief that a calorie deficit is the primary driver of health and longevity. Rather, we propose that complete nutrient deprivation during extended fasting and exercise periods induces cellular and biochemical changes distinct from those induced by CR, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity and modulating nutrient-sensing pathways associated with healthy aging. Key words: Time-restricted eating, calorie restriction, circadian rhythms, autophagy, insulin sensitivity References 1. Maruthur NM, Pilla SJ, White K, Wu B, Maw MTT, Duan D, Turkson-Ocran RA, Zhao D, Charleston J, Peterson CM, Dougherty RJ, Schrack JA, Appel LJ, Guallar E, Clark JM. Effect of Isocaloric, Time- Restricted Eating on Body Weight in Adults With Obesity : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2024 May;177(5):549-558. doi: 10.7326/M23- 3132. Epub 2024 Apr 19. PMID: 38639542. 2. Ezzati A, McLaren C, Bohlman C, Tamargo JA, Lin Y, Anton SD. Does time-restricted eating add benefits to calorie restriction? A systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024 Apr;32(4):640-654. doi: 10.1002/oby.23984. Epub 2024 Feb 21. PMID: 38383703. 3. Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, Yang ES, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1234. Published 2019 May 30. doi:10.3390/nu11061234 4. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Fig 12. We propose that complete nutrient deprivation during extended fasting and exercise periods induces cellular and biochemical changes distinct from those induced by CR, thereby enhanching insulin sensitivity and modulating nutrient-sensing pathway associated with healthy aging. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:Santon@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1212-1221.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 May 10. PMID: 29754952; PMCID: PMC5990470. 5. Yassine HN, Marchetti CM, Krishnan RK, Vrobel TR, Gonzalez F, Kirwan JP. Effects of exercise and caloric restriction on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in older obese adults--a randomized clinical trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009 Jan;64(1):90-5. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gln032. Epub 2009 Jan 20. PMID: 19164269; PMCID: PMC2691195. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 013 Fasting, exercise and skeletal muscle Antonio Paoli, Tatiana Moro Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy E-mail: antonio.paoli@unipd.it Fasting and exercise are key regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism, influencing substrate utilization, mitochondrial function, and protein turnover. Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting that limits food intake to specific time windows, has been explored as a strategy to enhance metabolic health while potentially optimizing exercise-induced adaptations.1 While fasting enhances fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity, its effects on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) remain a critical area of investigation. Resistance training is a primary stimulus for MPS, activating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is essential for muscle hypertrophy. However, fasting may modulate this process by reducing circulating amino acid availability, potentially attenuating post-exercise MPS if protein intake is delayed.2 Prolonged fasting further activates catabolic pathways, leading to muscle protein breakdown (MPB) to provide gluconeogenic substrates. Nevertheless, TRE, when combined with adequate protein intake, may preserve muscle mass while improving metabolic flexibility.3 Additionally, fasting-induced ketogenesis may mitigate some catabolic effects by providing alternative energy substrates and modulating key molecular pathways involved in muscle metabolism, such as sirtuins and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).4 The effects of fasting on endurance training are more favorable. Exercising in a fasted state enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) expression, which are beneficial for endurance performance and metabolic adaptation.1 However, protein remodeling in response to endurance exercise may be suboptimal if amino acid availability is insufficient post-exercise. TRE’s effects on skeletal muscle are also influenced by meal timing relative to the circadian clock. Early TRE, where nutrient intake is concentrated in the morning and early afternoon, has been associated with improved insulin sensitivity and muscle oxidative function compared to late TRE, which may impair glucose metabolism.5 This suggests that aligning nutrient intake with endogenous circadian rhythms may optimize muscle health outcomes. The molecular mechanisms underlying fasting-induced adaptations share commonalities with ketogenic diets (KD), as both increase reliance on fatty acid oxidation and ketone body metabolism. These shifts influence pathways related to muscle preservation, inflammation reduction, and mitochondrial efficiency.4 However, unlike KD, fasting necessitates precise nutrient timing to prevent prolonged catabolic states. Overall, the interaction between fasting, exercise, and skeletal muscle adaptation is complex and highly context-dependent. While TRE can enhance metabolic health, muscle preservation depends on adequate protein intake and strategic nutrient timing, especially for resistance-trained individuals. Future research should refine fasting-exercise protocols to optimize both metabolic and musculoskeletal benefits Key Words: time-restricted-eating, muscle protein synthesis, ketones, mTOR, AMPK. References 1. Parr EB, Heilbronn LK, Hawley JA. A Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2020 Jan;48(1):4-10. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000207. 2. Areta JL, Burke LM, Camera DM, West DW, Crawshay S, Moore DR, Stellingwerff T, Phillips SM, Hawley JA, Coffey VG. Reduced resting skeletal muscle protein synthesis is rescued by resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Apr 15;306(8):E989- 97. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2013. 3. Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Pacelli QF, Battaglia G, Palma A, Gentil P, Neri M, Paoli A. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med. 2016 Oct 13;14(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0. 4. Paoli A, Tinsley GM, Mattson MP, De Vivo I, Dhawan R, Moro T. Common and divergent molecular mechanisms of fasting and ketogenic diets. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Feb;35(2):125-141. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.001 5. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1212-1221.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 014 Full-Body In-Bed Gym advancements for elderly subjects Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Stefano Masiero (1,2,3), Ugo Carraro (2,3,4,5) (1) Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Padova, Padova; (2) School of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova; (3) CIR-Myo - University of Padova; mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:antonio.paoli@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it (4) Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padova; (5) A-C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua, Italy. E-mail: mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it Rehabilitation for elderly individuals presents a significant challenge, particularly for those with multiple comorbidities. The Full-Body In-Bed Gym is an innovative approach that enables comprehensive rehabilitation exercises directly in bed (Fig. 13, upper and lower panels), aiming to preserve and enhance mobility, muscle tone, cardiorespiratory function, and quality of life.1,2 The aim of this study was to examine recent developments in the Full- Body In-Bed Gym, with a focus on its effectiveness in preventing muscle mass loss and reducing complications associated with prolonged, reduced mobility/immobility. This study included an analysis of clinical trials developed over time involving the Full-Body In-Bed Gym. Patients who engaged in regular Full-Body In-Bed Gym exercises experienced significant reductions in muscle loss and improvements in functional capacity. This approach was found to be safe, well-tolerated, and had higher compliance compared to traditional exercises, facilitated by the option for in-bed execution and customization to meet each patient’s specific needs.1,3,4 The Full-Body In-Bed Gym represents an important innovation in rehabilitation of elderly patients, offering substantial benefits in preventing muscle atrophy and improving quality of life. Future developments aim to incorporate digital technologies for remote monitoring and real-time exercise adaptation. Key words: rehabilitation; elderly; muscle; sarcopenia countermeasures. References 1. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Effects of the Full- Body in-Bed Gym program on quality of life, pain and risk of sarcopenia in elderly sedentary individuals: preliminary positive results of a Padua prospective observational study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Sep 26;33(3):11780. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11780. PMID: 37753778; PMCID: PMC10583150. 2. Ravara B, Giuriati W, Maccarone MC, Kern H, Masiero S, Carraro U. Optimized progression of Full-Body In- Bed Gym workout: an educational case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Jun 23;33(2):11525. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11525. PMID: 37358234; PMCID: PMC10388607. 3. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Maccarone et al.'s comments on Cohort studies using 3D-CT are needed to assess whether "home Gym-Bed" exercises are beneficial against sarcopenia. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Sep 20;34(3):13132. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13132. PMID: 39324557; PMCID: PMC11487650. 4. Quadrelli M, Baccaglini T, Morra A. Quadrelli et al.'s comments on Cohort studies using 3D-CT are needed to assess whether "home Gym-Bed" exercises are beneficial against sarcopenia. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Sep 20;34(3):13135. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13135. PMID: 39356236; PMCID: PMC11487634. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 015 Restoring upper extremity motor function in tetraplegia by muscle and nerve transfers Jan Fridén (1,2). (1) Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; (2) Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland. E-mail: jan.friden@icloud.com Regaining hand and upper extremity control is a highly prioritized goal in individuals living with tetraplegia after cervical spinal cord injury.1 Reconstructive upper extremity surgery can improve hand function in tetraplegia.2 However, these surgeries are technically challenging because of complicated preoperative diagnostics as well as the real- time intraoperative decisions to be made. During surgery, the following factors need to be addressed: extent of release of donor muscle-tendon complex (Figure 14)3, routing of donor muscles, tissue preparation and optimization, tensioning of muscle-tendon units, balancing joints, and suturing tendon-to-tendon attachments. Recent advancements of nerve transfer surgeries have added Fig 13.Two examples of the 20 exercises that can be performed in bed by seriously ill patients or simply by very elderly people. For a full video link to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcHKmxCLYFs mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it mailto:jan.friden@icloud.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcHKmxCLYFs European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it functionality to the patients,4 but also complexity in the planning of the reconstructions. This overview presents some of the fundamental studies of muscle-tendon-joint mechanics allowing for implementation of single-stage surgical reconstruction of hand function and early postoperative activity-based training in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.5 Future studies should address combined nerve and tendon transfer reconstructions in parallel with patient perceived outcome assessments. Key words: Tetraplegia; surgery; tendon transfers; nerve transfers; donor muscle excursion; tendon-to-tendon attachment integrity. References 1. Anderson KD. Targeting recovery: priorities of the spinal cord-injured population. J Neurotrauma. 2004, 10:1371-83. 2. Fridén J, Lieber RL. Reach out and grasp the opportunity: reconstructive hand surgery in tetraplegia. J Hand Surg Eur. 2019;44::343-353. 3. Fridén J, Albrecht D, Lieber RL. Biomechanical analysis of the brachioradialis as a donor in tendon transfer. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001; 383:152-61. 4. van Zyl N, Hill B, Cooper C, Hahn J, Galea MP. Expanding traditional tendon-based techniques with nerve transfers for the restoration of upper limb function in tetraplegia: a prospective case series. Lancet. 2019;394:565-575. 5. Wangdell J, Bunketorp-Käll L, Koch-Borner S, Fridén J. Early active rehabilitation after grip reconstructive surgery in tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2016;97: S117-25. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 016 Differential lower motoneuron damage patterns of potential donor and recipient nerves for upper extremity nerve transfers in tetraplegia Ines Bersch (1,2), Richard L Lieber (3), Jan Fridén (1) (1) International FES Centre® Swiss Paraplegic Center Nottwil, Switzerland; (2) Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; (3) Shirley Ryan Ability Lab and Northwestern University, Chicago, USA E-mail: ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch Regaining hand function is a high priority for individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). Conventional therapies rely on residual cortico-spinal tract function and adaptive plasticity. Neuromodulative treatments like paired associative stimulation (PAS) or transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) aim to activate damaged networks and stimulate neuronal plasticity. Optimizing outcomes for incomplete lesions involves utilizing residual functions and careful timing for surgical interventions like neurotization. Adaptive plasticity and recovery depend on injury extent and are often limited. Tendon transfer (TT) has been used to restore upper extremity functions in cSCI. Nerve transfers (NT) can reanimate multiple functions with a single procedure but often yields unpredictable outcomes. Factors such as reinnervation distance, motor axon misrouting, and LMN lesions impact surgical results. For example, NT of supinator branches to the posterior interosseous nerve for finger/thumb extension have excellent outcomes but results for brachialis-to-anterior interosseous nerve transfers for finger/thumb extension are mixed. This study aimed to analyze LMN integrity using motor point (MP) testing for muscles involved in grasp and release (EDC, EPL, 5DP, FPL) and donor brachialis (BRA) muscles (figure 15). It Fig 14. The length-time records measured during progressive release of brachioradialis muscle from the radius and surrounding tissues are shown. Each color represents a 3 cm release with the overall release length obtained for each segment is shown to the right of the panel. Vertical lines separating colors represent the excursion magnitude after each release. Fig 15 Percentage distribution of all FDP, FPL, EDC, EPL tested by MP mapping. The classification was conducted according to the British Medical Research Council Scale (MRC) for testing manual muscle strength. “Innervated” indicates that the either the full range of motion could be achieved under standardised testing with electrical stimulation, which corresponds to an MRC value of 3 or a value of MRC 1-2 showing some movement or a visible contraction by MP. The muscle is classified as “denervated”, MRC 0, if no muscle contraction is visible. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ines.bersch@paraplegie.ch European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it sought to identify key lesion characteristics determining NT outcomes. The retrospective cross-sectional study assessed LMN integrity via MP testing of 15 upper limb muscles in 227 cSCI patients (C1–C8, AIS A–D) from 2017 to 2023. Complete datasets included demographic details, lesion level (ISNCSCI), and muscle testing data recorded 3–4 months post-injury. Muscles with an MRC score of 0 or 1 were included. Recipients were grouped as AIS A (complete) or AIS B-D (incomplete) and categorized by innervation status. BRA was analyzed for denervation. Motor Point (MP) Integrity Testing. MP testing detected LMN damage using surface electrical stimulation. MPs were localized on the forearm or upper arm, and responses classified as “innervated,” “partially denervated,” or “denervated” based on MRC scores. Testing involved patients in a seated position, defined stimulation parameters, and electrode placement based on anatomical references. Stimulation intensity levels correlated with muscle size and function, with partial and complete LMN damage grouped for analysis. Descriptive statistics illustrated LMN integrity relative to lesion level. Fisher’s exact test evaluated associations between matched muscle groups, with significance set at p<0.05 (Table 1). Demographics were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Results: a) Distribution of LMN integrity in FDP/EDC and FPL/EPL. Data from 189 patients (mean age 52.8 ± 19.2 years, C1–C8 AIS A–D) included 166 FDP, 181 EDC, 143 FPL, and 134 EPL muscles. Distribution of innervation and denervation categories by lesion level is shown in Figures 14. In total, 152 FDP and 195 EDC muscles were analyzed for AIS A and B-D groups. Similarly, 142 FPL and 135 EPL muscles were included (Figure 16). Fisher's exact test identified statistically significant differences in three of four comparisons for FDP and EDC muscles. For FPL and EPL, one of four comparisons was significant (Table 1). b) Distribution of LMN integrity in BRA Data from 112 patients (mean age 59 ± 7 years, C1–C8 AIS A–D) showed 19% of BRA muscles were denervated or partially denervated distributed across lesions C2 to C6 (Figure 16). In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of assessing lower motoneuron (LMN) integrity for determining outcomes of nerve transfer (NT) procedures in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). Motor point (MP) testing revealed variability in the innervation status of key muscles (FDP, EDC, FPL, EPL, and BRA) used for grasp and release restoration. NT outcomes for FDP/EDC muscles in both complete (AIS A) and incomplete (AIS B-D) injuries demonstrated statistically significant associations in most comparisons, whereas FPL/EPL outcomes were less consistent. The brachialis (BRA) muscle, a critical donor for NT, showed that nearly 19% of cases were partially or completely denervated, primarily associated with higher-level cervical lesions (C2- C6). The results suggest that preoperative assessment of LMN integrity is vital to identify suitable donor and recipient muscles for NT. Variability in functional outcomes emphasizes the need for individualized surgical planning. Further research should focus on refining MP testing methods, exploring mechanisms of NT variability, and optimizing timing and techniques to improve functional recovery in individuals with cSCI. Key words: motor point testing; cervical spinal cord injury; neurotization; lower motor neuron integrity. References 1. Bersch I, Fridén J. Upper and lower motor neuron lesions in tetraplegia: implications for surgical nerve transfer to restore hand function. J Appl Physiol. 2020;129(5):1214-1219. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol. 00529.2020 2. Bersch I, Koch-Borner S, Fridén J. Motor point topography of fundamental grip actuators in tetraplegia - implications in nerve transfer surgery. J. Neurotrauma. 2019;37(3):441-447. doi:10.1089/neu.2019.64443. 3. Fridén J, House J, Keith M, Schibli S, Zyl N van. Improving hand function after spinal cord injury. J Hand Surg European Volume. 2021;47(1):105-116. doi:10.1177/17531934211027460 4. Fridén J, Lieber RL. Reach out and grasp the opportunity: reconstructive hand surgery in tetraplegia. The Journal of hand surgery, European volume. 2019;44(4):343-353. doi:10.1177/1753193419827814 5. Frazer EA, Hobson M, McDonald SW. The distribution of the radial and musculocutaneous nerves in the brachialis muscle. Clin Anat. 2007;20(7):785-789. doi:10.1002/ca.20521 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** Fig 16. Brachialis muscles (BRA) were denervated or partially denervated and distributed across lesions from C2 to C6. Table 1: Fisher’s Exact Test illustrating the association between the matched muscle pairs FDP/EDC and FPL/EPL tested by MP mapping as denervated or innervated for the AIS classification A and B-D. Significance level () was set to p<0.05. Muscles AIS Innervation Status p-value FDP/EDC A Denervated p=0.0019(**) FDP/EDC B-D Denervated p<0.0001(****) FDP/EDC A Innervated p<0.000(****) FDP/EDC B-D Innervated p=0.5038 (ns) FPL/EPL A Denervated p= 0.6895 (ns) FPL/EPL B-D Denervated p= 0.5641 (ns) FPL/EPL A Innervated p<0.0001(****) FPL/EPL B-D Innervated p=0.9164(ns) mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 017 Direct Measurement of Human Skeletal Muscle Specific Tension In Vivo Richard L. Lieber (1,2,3) (1) (1) Northwestern University, Chicago USA; (2) Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago USA; (3) Hines VA Medical Center, Chicago USA E-mail: richard.lieber@northwestern.edu The intrinsic force production capability of human muscle can be expressed as its “specific tension,” or, the maximum force generated per cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. This value can be used to determine, for example, whether muscle quality changes during exercise, atrophy, disease, or hypertrophy. A value of 22.5 N/cm2 for mammalian muscle has generally become accepted based on detailed studies of small mammals.1 Determining the specific tension of human muscle is much more challenging since almost all determinations are indirect. In this study we leveraged a unique surgical technique in which a human gracilis muscle is transferred from the thigh to the arm, restoring elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury.2 During this surgery we directly measured subject specific gracilis muscle force- length relationship in situ and properties ex vivo (Figure 17 A). 3 From these experimental data we established a human muscle fibre-specific tension of 171 kPa. We also determined the average gracilis optimal fiber length is 12.9 cm. which was about half of the previously reported optimal fascicle lengths of 23 cm4. Thus, the long gracilis muscle appears to be composed of relatively short fibres acting in parallel that may not have been appreciated based on traditional anatomical methods that are based on extensive muscle fiber dissections (Figure 17 B). In a related systematic review, we screened 1,506 published papers and identified the 29 studies published between 1983 and 2023 that used appropriate methods, and which reported 95 human specific tension values. We weighed each parameter based on whether it was directly measured, estimated, or calculated based on the literature, with decreasing weighting used, the more indirect the methods. Based on this exhaustive review of the relevant human literature, we suggest that the most accurate value that should be used for human muscle specific tension is 26.8 N/cm2. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 018 Muscle-muscle cross-talk during unilateral electrical/mechanical stimulation Lars Larsson (1,2), Nicola Cacciani (1), Alex B. Addinsall (1)*, Yvette Hedström (1) (1) Department of Clinical Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden, (2) Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, USA, *current address: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark E-mail: lars.larsson@slu.se The dramatic muscle wasting associated with Critical Illness Myopathy (CIM) is strongly related to the complete mechanical silencing (absence of external and internal strain caused by loss of passive weightbearing and strain caused by the activation of contractile proteins). This complete mechanical silencing is uniquely observed in deeply sedated or pharmacologically paralyzed mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients (ICU). In experimental and clinical studies, we have studied the restoring effects of unilateral passive mechanical loading or electrical stimulation on contractility muscle fiber size, gene- and protein-expression.1-6 Restoring effects have been documented in muscle morphology, contractility, regulation of protein synthesis and degradation, apoptotic pathways and mitochondrial properties. However, unexpected findings were observed in significant cross-over effects on glycogen levels and neuromuscular junction morphology in the contralateral pharmacologically paralyzed and immobilized muscles (Figure 18). It was hypothesized that the cross-over effect was mediated by the release of cytokines/chemokines (myokines) systemically having autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions.7 A proximity Fig. 17. (A) Gracilis active force-muscle tendon unit (MTU) length measured at each joint configuration (JC, black diamonds). Passive sarcomere length measured at each JC shown above each symbol. (B) Normalized muscle force-length relationship compared to predicted muscle length-tension relationship using subject-specific fibre lengths (solid grey line) and literature values (dashed grey line). (average ±SD for n=12 subjects). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:richard.lieber@northwestern.edu mailto:lars.larsson@slu.se European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it extension assay proteomics approach was taken using a mouse cytokine/chemokine panel to explore the mechanism(s) underlying the muscle-nerve crosstalk and crossover communication. Myokines were searched for demonstrating increased levels in plasma, stimulated and unstimulated soleus and being different from 8 days unstimulated rats. Cytokines Ccl3 and TGFβ1 fulfilled these criteria supporting the hypothesis that myokine production induced by electrical or mechanical stimulation were released systemically and having both paracrine and endocrine functions (Figure 19). Pilot experiments showed complete restoration of myosin when the number of mechanical loadings were increased from 13 to 22 per minute on the loaded, but not on the unloaded side, indicating that mechanosensation may be more important for myosin expression than depolarization calcium triggered events. However, this needs to be explored in a larger group of animals. Key words: Muscle-muscle cross-talk; unilateral electrical stimulation; mechanical stimulation. References 1. A.B. Addinsall, N. Cacciani, A. Backeus, Y. Hedstrom, G. Shevchenko, J. Bergquist, L. Larsson, Electrical stimulated GLUT4 signalling attenuates critical illness-associated muscle wasting, Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 13(4) (2022) 2162- 2174. 2. R. Corpeno Kalamgi, H. Salah, S. Gastaldello, V. Martinez-Redondo, J.L. Ruas, W. Fury, Y. Bai, J. Gromada, R. Sartori, D.C. Guttridge, M. Sandri, L. Larsson, Mechano-signalling pathways in an experimental intensive critical illness myopathy model, J Physiol 594(15) (2016) 4371-88. 3. R.C. Kalamgi, L. Larsson, Mechanical Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Critical Illness Myopathy, Frontiers in physiology 7 (2016) 23. 4. R.C. Kalamgi, H. Salah, S. Gastaldello, V. Martinez- Redondo, J. Ruas, W. Fury, Y. Bai, J. Gromada, R. Sartori, D.C. Guttridge, M. Sandri, L. Larsson, Mechano signaling pathways in an experimental intensive critical illness myopathy model, J Physiol (2016). 5. G. Renaud, M. Llano-Diez, B. Ravara, L. Gorza, H.Z. Feng, J.P. Jin, N. Cacciani, A.M. Gustafson, J. Ochala, R. Corpeno, M. Li, Y. Hedstrom, G.C. Ford, K.S. Nair, L. Larsson, Sparing of muscle mass and function by passive loading in an experimental intensive care unit model, J Physiol 591(5) (2013) 1385-402. 6. Y.I. Lee, N. Cacciani, Y. Wen, X. Zhang, Y. Hedstrom, W. Thompson, L. Larsson, Direct electrical stimulation impacts on neuromuscular junction morphology on both stimulated and unstimulated contralateral soleus, Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 14(3) (2023) 1533-1545. 7. M.C.K. Severinsen, B.K. Pedersen, Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines, Endocr Rev 41(4) (2020). 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 019 Mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy Gerardo Bosco University of Padua, Italy E-mail: gerardo.bosco@unipd.it Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a non-invasive method of O2 delivery that induces systemic hyperoxia. Hyperbaric chamber consists of a pressure vessel and a compressed breathing gas supply, which can regulate internal pressure. The chamber delivers 100% O2 to patients according to predetermined protocols and is monitored by trained personnel. HBOT causes hyperoxia that amplifies the tissue-cellular diffusion gradient of oxygen, which as a result raises plasma dissolved oxygen to a level that exceeds the physiological needs of many tissues at rest. The practical clinical use of high-pressure oxygen was framed from commonly accepted physiological principles and the laws of Boyle, Dalton, and Henry. The latter leads to compression Fig 18. Top: control (CNT), 8 days mechanical ventilation and immobilization (8D), 8 days mechanical ventilation, immobilization and passive mechanical loading (8D+ML), 8 days contra-lateral unloaded limb (8D+CL). Below: control (CNT), 8 days mechanical ventilation and immobilization (8D), 8 days mechanical ventilation, immobilization and days electrical stimulation (8D_ES), 8 days contra- lateral unloaded limb (8D_CL). Scale bar 200µm. CNT 8D 8D+ML 8D+CL Fig 19. D0: soleus muscle of sham-operated rats (n = 5); D8: soleus muscle of 8-day pharmacological denervated rats (n = 4); D8ES: electrical stimulated soleus muscle of 8-day pharmacological denervated rats with electrical stimulation (n = 5); D8ESCL: unstimulated contralateral soleus muscle of 8-day pharmacological denervated rats with electrical stimulation (n = 5). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:gerardo.bosco@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it of all gas-filled spaces in the body and is helpful in treating diseases in which gas bubbles are present in the body, such as intravascular embolism and intravascular or intratissue bubbles in decompression sickness. An elevated O2 partial pressure in certain tissues leads to increased production of reactive O2 species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) due to hyperoxia. Some studies suggested a correlation between ROS levels and higher HBOT exposure time. HBOT also accelerates wound healing by promoting epithelialization and oxygen-dependent collagen matrix formations needed for angiogenesis. Furthermore, HBOT prevents leukocyte adhesion that con tributes to the release of free radicals and proteases, thus protecting cells from pathologic vasoconstriction and cellular damage during reperfusion. HBOT also enhances neutrophil oxygen- dependent microbial killing, reduces edema and inhibits lipid peroxidation in hypoxic tissues. New insights have indicated HBOT potential mechanisms are related to its ability to preserve mitochondrial activities. In addition to that, Inflammation and immune mechanisms may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia as well. Currently, there are 15 indications for HBOT approved by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Society, categorized into three groups: emergency medicine, wound healing acceleration, and antimicrobial effects. The present narrative review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying HBOT, particularly oxy-inflammation in various pathologies within these categories. Key Words: Mechanisms of action; oxy-inflammation; hyperbaric oxygen therapy. References 1. Vezzoli A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Brizzolari A, Balestra C, Camporesi EM, Bosco G. Oxy-Inflammation in Humans during Underwater Activities. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 6;25(5):3060. doi: 10.3390/ijms25053060. PMID: 38474303; PMCID: PMC10931934. 2. Jacoby H, Camporesi EM, Ross SB, Sucandy I, Bosco G, Syblis C, Crespo K, Rosemurgy A. Outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without preoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2024 First Quarter;51(1):7-15. PMID: 38615348. 3. Leveque C, Mrakic Sposta S, Theunissen S, Germonpré P, Lambrechts K, Vezzoli A, Bosco G, Lévénez M, Lafère P, Guerrero F, Balestra C. Oxidative Stress Response Kinetics after 60 Minutes at Different (1.4 ATA and 2.5 ATA) Hyperbaric Hyperoxia Exposures. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 2;24(15):12361. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512361. PMID: 37569737; PMCID: PMC10418619. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 25 - Abstract 020 Transient hyperoxia after exercise-until-exhaustion to mitigate aging muscle decay: a new mechanism for training-addiction over time? Ugo Carraro (1,2,3,4) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (2) School of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; (3) Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua Italy; (4) Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy. E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it Patients’ adherence to rehabilitation prescriptions is an important issue that physiatrists address without often being successful.1 It is not my case. As many readers know, I have been addicted to every morning exercises in bed since 2017.2,3 I had to gradually increase in number and intensity my routine to reach my final morning goal: a series of push- ups on the floor until exhaustion.4 At January 2024, I have achieved what is now my “new 2024 standard” by adding new exercises in bed, specifically some stretching exercises while holding muscle contractions for ten breaths. This new 2024 standard consists of 23 gymnastic exercises: 13 in bed, i.e. 10 repetitions of the hands; Ankles; Arms up; Forced elastic ankles; Ventilation with Arm-Up; MiniBridges; Pedal with both legs raised; Alternative extended leg; Maximum deep ventilation; Alternating stretch of 1 leg; Two-legged caution; Raise your shoulder with your arms outstretched on the bed; Body flexion. Six standard sitting exercises. Three-Stand&Sit, i. e., stand up, stand on tiptoe, sit down with 3 seconds of squats. Push Up on the floor until exhaustion (now in February 2025 between 40 and 50). Final Stand Up. This incremental routine was introduced after I started half-day fasting to lose kilograms of body weight and inches of waistline and testing my blood oxygenation during night's rest and after the Bed-Gym-at- exhaustion using a pulse oximeter applied to the left medial finger. To my surprise, not being an expert physiologist,2,3 I found that at sea level from 90-92% oxygenation during the night, the pulse oximeter jumped up to almost 100% immediately after push up training on the floor to exhaustion.4 Whether this is an artifact related to increased cardiac frequency, I do not know, but I think it is not, because the changing values of cardiac frequency and derived percentage of oxygenation do not have the same trends. My blood oxygen saturation slowly decreases over the next 15 minutes and then remains at the 94-96% level, if I start my normal daily activity in Padua. On the other hand, 15 minutes of complete rest brings the value to those of a night's rest. I also recorded the variations in pulse oximeter values in the Dolomites at 1500 meters above sea level. The only variation is a slight drop in values of 1-2% during the night, but after physical activity at exhaustion the values are those very high recorded at sea level. I wonder if the brief increase in oxygen saturation after Bed-Gym to exhaustion is part of the mechanisms improving skeletal and ventilatory muscles, but also brain, contributing to the mood-boosting effect of daily morning exercise at exhaustion. Whatever the mechanism, perhaps a transient acidophilia, the effect on mood is the same as that induced by the good glass of Prosecco which we will have after a brief discussion on this proposal. In any case, what is certain is that oxygen therapy is a well-known aid in many pathologies.5 Key words: Addiction to physical exercise; perseverance/compliance exercise at exhaustion; pulse oximeter values at exhaustion; cardiac frequency. References 1. Stefano Masiero, Ugo Carraro, Eds. Rehabilitation Medicine for Elderly Patients, Springer Nature Book, 2017. ISBN 978-3-349-57405-9.DOI 10.1007/978-3- mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 319-57406-6. Library of Congress Control Number 201 7952951 eBook ISBN 978-3-319-57406-6 Published: 04 September 2017. 2. Ugo Carraro. Translational Mobility Medicine: Dreams, Hopes, Frustrations. CLEUP sc, University of Padova, Italy. ISBN 978-88-5495-609-4. 2022: 1-592. https://www.pagepressjournals.org/public/ejtm/TMM_ Dreams-hopes-frustrations.pdf 3. Ugo Carraro. How to rejuvenate at 80’s. CLEUP sc, University of Padova, Italy. 2024. ISBN 978-88-5495- 727-5. 2024: 1-190. www.cleup.it. 4 Ferretti G, Fagoni N, Taboni A, Vinetti G, di Prampero PE. A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Jun;122(6):1317-1365. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022- 04901-x. Epub 2022 Feb 26. PMID: 35217911; PMCID: PMC91328764 5. Shebl E, Modi P, Cates TD. Home oxygen therapy. 3 July 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 January–. PMID: 30422587. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 021 New insights leading to improved designs of micro- dystrophins for use in AAV vectors David Hammers, Cora Hart, Matthew Lee, H. Lee Sweeney* University of Florida Myology Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA E-mail: lsweeney@ufl.edu 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) containing versions of truncated dystrophin (micro-dystrophins) are being delivered to patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in clinical trials. DMD is a progressive, childhood onset muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene that result in the loss of dystrophin protein in all muscle types.1 These clinical gene therapies aim to overexpress a truncated version of dystrophin in striated muscle capable of achieving partial correction of the disease. To avoid the immune response that is due to the inclusion of N-terminal segments of dystrophin being present in the micro-dystrophins, we have examined a strategy that uses the N-terminal region of utrophin combined with C-terminal components of dystrophin (Figure 20). We have evaluated a series of such constructs that include different C-terminal components using a severe mouse model of DMD, the D2.mdx mouse.2-4 We administered doses of AAV comparable to those used in clinical trials. We have observed improvement in both the skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle disease progression. We will report on our continued progress in designing a safe construct that should not provoke an immune response in patients and benefit the heart as well as skeletal muscle. Key Words: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, AAV, gene therapy, cardiomyopathy References 1. Mendell, J. R. et al. Evidence-based path to newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 71, 304-313, doi:10.1002/ana.23528 (2012). 2. Hammers, D. W. et al. The D2.mdx mouse as a preclinical model of the skeletal muscle pathology associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep 10, 14070, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70987-y (2020). 3. Fukada, S. et al. Genetic background affects properties of satellite cells and mdx phenotypes. Am J Pathol 176, 2414-2424, doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.090887 (2010). 4. Coley, W. D. et al. Effect of genetic background on the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 25, 130-145, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv460 (2016). 5. Hart CC, Lee YI, Xie J, Gao G, Lin BL, Hammers DW, Sweeney HL. (2024) Potential limitations of micro- dystrophin gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. JCI Insight 9(11): e165869. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 022 Proteomic profiling of the dystrophin complexome in skeletal muscle, Kay Ohlendieck (1,2), Dieter Swandulla (3), Paul Dowling (1,2), (1) Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Fig 20. Structure of dystrophin and micro-dystrophin constructs. A schematic diagram of full-length dystrophin, the micro- dystrophin versions currently utilized in clinical trials, and a modified micro-dystrophin construct we used in past studies (ΔR3-R21 ΔCT) that is detrimental to the heart when expressed at high levels (5). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:lsweeney@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (2) Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (3) Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. E-mail: kay.ohlendieck@mu.ie The membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin of 427 kDa (Dp427-M isoform) and its associated glycoproteins, consisting of dystroglycans, sarcoglycans, sarcospan, dystrobrevins and syntrophins, form a supramolecular complex at the sarcolemma of muscle tissues (Figure 21).1 The dystrophin node was shown to be involved in a variety of key cellular functions, including the integration of cytoskeletal organization, maintaining lateral force transmission at costameres, promoting myofiber stability during repeated excitation-contraction-relaxation cycles and enabling cellular signaling cascades in skeletal muscle.2 Importantly, primary abnormalities in the DMD gene result in the almost complete absence of dystrophin and a drastic reduction in dystrophin-associated glycoproteins in X- linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the most frequently inherited neuromuscular disorder of early childhood. The collapse of the sarcolemmal dystrophin network causes fragility of the surface membrane system and an increased frequency of plasmalemmal micro-rupturing. The resulting influx of calcium ions was shown to trigger elevated levels of proteolysis which renders dystrophin-deficient myofibres more susceptible to cellular degeneration.3 Myonecrosis is associated with chronic inflammation, fat substitution, reactive myofibrosis and satellite cell dysfunction.4 In order to better understand the composition and biological properties of the dystrophin complex in both normal skeletal muscles and X-linked muscular dystrophy, it is crucial to isolate the supramolecular dystrophin assembly for detailed biochemical analyses (Figure 21). The cytolinker and its tightly associated core complex can be conveniently isolated by a combination of ion exchange chromatography, lectin agglutination and density gradient ultracentrifugation. Elaborate studies of the dystrophin complexome were carried out by subcellular fractionation approaches, immuno-precipitation, chemical crosslinking analysis, blot overlays and mass spectrometry. Key techniques used in muscle proteomics were recently reviewed and have been applied to studying dystrophin and its associated proteins.5 The wider dystrophin complexome appears to contain besides the core elements of the sarcolemmal glycoprotein assembly also key components of the extracellular matrix, such as laminin, fibronectin, biglycan and various collagens, and intracellular components of the cytoskeletal network, such as actin and tubulin. Key words: dystrophin; dystrophin-glycoprotein complex; mass spectrometry; muscular dystrophy; proteomics. References 1. Murphy S, Ohlendieck K. The biochemical and mass spectrometric profiling of the dystrophin complexome from skeletal muscle. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2015 Nov 26;14:20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.11.002. PMID: 26793286; PMCID: PMC4688399. 2. Dowling P, Gargan S, Murphy S, Zweyer M, Sabir H, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. The Dystrophin Node as Integrator of Cytoskeletal Organization, Lateral Force Transmission, Fiber Stability and Cellular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Proteomes. 2021 Feb 2;9(1):9. doi: 10.3390/proteomes9010009. PMID: 33540575; PMCID: PMC7931087. 3. Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of impaired excitation-contraction coupling and abnormal calcium handling in muscular dystrophy. Proteomics. 2022 Dec;22(23-24):e2200003. doi: 10.1002/pmic.202200003. Epub 2022 Aug 8. PMID: 35902360; PMCID: PMC10078611. 4. Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Cellular pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: progressive myofibre degeneration, chronic inflammation, reactive myofibrosis and satellite cell dysfunction. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Oct 16;33(4):11856. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11856. PMID: 37846661; PMCID: PMC10811648. 5. Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Technology and Its Application to Study Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology. Cells. 2023 Nov 1;12(21):2560. doi: 10.3390/cells12212560. PMID: 37947638; PMCID: PMC10649384. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 023 Lipotoxicity and lipophagy in NLSDM: mechanisms and treatments Sara Missaglia (1,2), Laura Moro (3), Eleonora Martegani (1,2), Corrado Angelini (4), Elena Pennisi (5), Massimiliano Filosto (6,7), Lorenzo Maggi (8), Daniela Tavian (1,2) (1) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (2) Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (3) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Fig 21. Diagrammatic presentation of the sarcolemmal dystrophin-glycoprotein complex from muscle. Reproduced with permission mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:kay.ohlendieck@mu.ie European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Orientale, Novara, Italy; (4) Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Campus Biomedico Pietro d’Abano, Padua, Italy; (5) Neurology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; (6) Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; (7) NeMO-Brescia Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Brescia, Italy; (8) Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy E-mail: sara.missaglia@unicatt.it Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM, MIM #610717) is a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage myopathy characterized by the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) within cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) across multiple tissues, including skeletal muscles, heart, liver, and peripheral blood.1-2 Neutral lipid metabolism defect in NLSDM patients is due to the impaired or diminished activity of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). ATGL plays a key role in lipolysis, catalyzing the release of the first fatty acid (FA) from TAGs stored within the LDs.3 Moreover, this lipase is involved in lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy targeting LDs.4-5 Indeed, ATGL is able to interact with LC3 throw its LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs. Currently, the molecular pathways driving NLSDM pathogenesis are not fully understood. It can be hypothesized that the accumulation of neutral lipids triggers a condition of lipotoxicity in patient cells. In particular, while storing lipids as inert TAGs in LDs is generally safe, the accumulation of lipid intermediates, like non-esterified FAs, and signaling lipids, such as ceramide and diacylglycerol, is linked to lipotoxic effects. Different lines of control and NLSDM fibroblasts were cultured with 100, 200, and 400 µM of oleic acid (OA) for 24 and 48 hours, and cell viability was verified via a trypan blue assay, enabling the tracking of live and dead cells at the two time- points. Treatment with 200 and 400 µM OA resulted in an inhibition of cell growth across all NLSDM lines except one, while in control fibroblasts slight proliferation decrease was detected exclusively after a 400 µM OA supplementation. Since the number of dead cells remained low across all conditions, adding OA likely inhibited fibroblast division without affecting their survival. The absence of caspase 3 or PARP1 cleavage indicated the lack of apoptotic events. Moreover, cellular extracts of control and NLSDM fibroblasts cultured in Earle’s MEM with 10% FBS were used to analyze the expression of some proteins involved in lipophagy. As expected, preliminary results revealed an increased amount of Perilipin 2, a coating LD protein, in all NLSDM fibroblasts in comparison with control lines. Interestingly, higher levels of HSC70 were also observed in NLSDM cells. HSC70 is recognized for its role as regulator of chaperone-mediated autophagy/ lipophagy. When OA was added in a serum-free medium, control fibroblasts, where chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) was active, showed a decrease in both HSC70 and Perilipin 2 levels. This reduction was not seen in NLSDM fibroblasts. In addition, a control and an NLSDM cell line were cultured with 500 µM of Metformin for 24 hours. Preliminary protein analysis suggests that this treatment may reduce p62 expression in NLSDM fibroblasts. A decrease in levels of p62 is known to indicate an increase in autophagic flux. Our findings seem to indicate that NLSDM fibroblasts show a lower ability to metabolize higher concentrations of FAs compared to control cells. This defect probably correlates with partial or complete impairment of lipolysis as well as decreased lipophagy. Key words: NLSDM; ATGL; lipolysis; lipophagy; lipotoxicity. Funding: This work was supported by European Union funding - Next Generation EU, Mission 4 Component 2 CUP J53D23019120001. References 1. Missaglia S, Coleman RA, Mordente A, Tavian D. Neutral Lipid Storage Diseases as Cellular Model to Study Lipid Droplet Function. Cells. 2019 Feb 21;8(2):187. doi: 10.3390/cells8020187. PMID: 30795549. 2. Missaglia S, Tavian D, Angelini C. Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy: A 10-year follow-up case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Jun 17;32(2):10645. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10645. PMID: 35713537. 3. Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab. 2021 Nov;3(11):1445-1465. doi: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6. Epub 2021 Nov 19. PMID: 34799702. 4. Kloska A, Węsierska M, Malinowska M, Gabig- Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipophagy and Lipolysis Status in Lipid Storage and Lipid Metabolism Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 25;21(17):6113. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176113. PMID: 32854299. 5. Shin DW. Lipophagy: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications in Metabolic Disorders. Mol Cells. 2020 Aug 31;43(8):686-693. doi: 10.14348/molcells. 2020.0046. PMID: 32624503. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 024 Pharmacological Treatment through HiPSC-based Drug Repurposing for ultrarare congenital myopathies Edoardo Malfatti (1,2) (1) Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, APHP Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France; (2) University Paris Est Créteil, Inserm, U955, IMRB, Créteil, France. E-mail: edoardo.malfatti@aphp.fr Congenital myopathies (CM) are a group of heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by distinctive alterations on muscle biopsies, usually associated with neonatal or early- onset hypotonia and muscle weakness. Different groups of congenital myopathies exists and at least 40 genes have been associated to these conditions, some of them being ultrarare. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction in ultrarare CM are largely unknown, making it difficult to suggest therapeutic approaches to reduce the disease burden. Despite the emergence of gene therapies for some CM types, challenges like hepatic toxicity and tolerability concerns highlight the complexity of CM gene therapies discovery (Figure 22). To address the unmet mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:sara.missaglia@unicatt.it mailto:edoardo.malfatti@aphp.fr European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it medical need, our project focused on four ultrarare and life- debilitating CM types: CACNA1S-CM, PYROXD1-CM, ACTN2-CM, and FHL1-RB-CM. CACNA1S encodes the pore-forming subunit of DHPR (dihydropyridine receptor) channel in skeletal muscle. DHPR is a voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel located on the T-tubule. PYROXD1 is a class I pyridinenucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase (PNDR), monomeric NAD(P)H-oxidizing flavoenzyme, found in the nucleus and sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle. ACTN2 is a structural skeletal muscle protein localized at the Z-line in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. It regulates the ion channels and is essential for the integrity of the contractile apparatus through a multitude of interactions. FHL1 is a structural skeletal muscle protein and localizes to the I-band and M-line of the sarcomere, the sarcolemma and the nucleus. Importantly, FHL1 mediates protein–protein interactions, scaffolding signaling proteins in the cytoplasm and transcription factors in the nucleus. All the above- mentioned proteins, when defective lead to ultrarare form of CM. As induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide a near-unlimited source of cells while conserving the genetic background of the donor, firstly we generated patient- specific iPSCs in order to establish relevant in vitro models of each CM type. The lines displayed typical iPSC morphology, uniform expression of pluripotency markers, trilineage differentiation potential and normal karyotypes. CACNA1S-CM iPSCs cells obtained from 4 different patients harboring both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive CACN1AS variants. We obtained mature myotubes and showed that our system model successfully recapitulated the decrease in CACNA1S protein found in the muscles of CACNA1S-CM patients. Dominant and recessive CACNA1S variants did not affect the formation of striated myotubes nor affect their maturation level. Furthermore, Dominant and recessive CACNA1S variants impaired the ECC machinery showing decrease in RYR1 protein, subunits of the DHPR complex (DHPRβ and DHPRγ), CASQ1 and ATP2A1. Eventually they showed decreased Ca2+ release capacity from the sarcoplasmic reticulum upon Ach stimulation. Phenotype analysis of PYROXD1-CM, ACTN2-CM, and FHL1-RB-CM iPSCs cells is ongoing. In conclusion, we are convinced that the characterization of these models will enable the identification of therapeutic targets and assayable readouts. High-throughput screening of repurposable drug libraries will be conducted to identify compounds that correct disease-specific readouts. The most promising compounds will then be validated in available animal models, including zebrafishes and mice. Through the application of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived skeletal muscle cell models and animal models, this project seeks to shed light on underlying pathogenic mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets, and accelerate clinical translation. Key words: Congenital myopathies; hIPSc, drug; repurposing. References 1. Schartner, V.,et al. 2017. Dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR, CACNA1S) congenital myopathy. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 133, 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1656-8. 2 Lornage X et al., “Clinical, histological, and genetic characterization of PYROXD1-related myopathy,” Acta Neuropathol. Commun., vol. 7, no. 1, p. 138, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1186/s40478-019-0781-8. 3. Lornage X et al., “ACTN2 mutations cause ‘Multiple structured Core Disease’ (MsCD),” Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.), vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 501–519, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s00401-019-01963-8. 4. Malfatti E et al., “Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Analysis in Reducing Body Myopathy and Other FHL1-Related Disorders:,” J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., vol. 72, no. 9, Art. no. 9, Sep. 2013, doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182a23506. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 025 Remodeling of neuromuscular junction in dystrophic sarcomeric muscles Gabriele Siciliano (1,2,3), Giulia Ricci (1, 2). (1) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa; (2) CTMM - University of Pisa; (3) Foundation A Step for You for research in Neuromuscular Diseases, Pisa, Italy. E-mail: gabriele.siciliano@unipi.it Neuromuscular junction undergoes several morphological and molecular changes to functionally adapt to the degenerative process characteristic of muscular dystrophies, from, one side generally due to an adaptation to the commonly occurring myofiber necrosis and fibroadipose tissue substitution, and from the other side specifically linked to the unique pathogenic mechanism underlying each one of the different forms of muscular dystrophies depending upon their causative mutated gene. Interstitial fibrosis and fatty acid substitution of degenerated muscle is able to induce post-synaptic acetylcoline receptor subunit 4 proliferation in survival myofibers, this in the attempt to guarantee increased efficiency of post-synaptic sarcolemmal excitability and counteract reduced efficiency of neuromuscular junction small arteries blood supply due to interstitial fibrosis. Also presynaptic acetylcholine reuptake seems to be enhanced, due to some hyperexpression of the protein internalizing carrier. In front of these neuromuscular junctional changes, remodelized diseased myofibers are Fig 22. Diarammatic presentation of the sarcolemmal dystrophin-glycoprotein complex from muscle. Reproduced with permission mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:gabriele.siciliano@unipi.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it susceptible to increased fatigue during contraction owing to their underlying causative genetic defect. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) was utilized in our laboratories in 1990 and thereafter in order to reduce low frequency fatigue in dystrophic skeletal muscle, this latter thought to be a detrimental factor in everyday life activities of patients affected by dystrophic disorders. Such an effect of electrical motor nerve stimulation would be associated, at muscle tissue level, to enhanced iNOS mediated mechanisms of controlling small arteries dilatation and flux and capillary permeability at neuromuscular junction with optimal consequences on oxygen delivery to nearby cellular elements of motor plaques, a mechanism that can be considered of value also in view of the emerging disease modifying therapies in muscular dystrophies. Key words: neuromuscular junction; muscular dystrophies; electrical stimulation; muscle fatigue. References 1. Siciliano G, Diverio M, Rosellini P, Rossi B. La fatica a diversa lunghezza muscolare nella distrofia miotonica [Fatigue at various muscular lengths in myotonic dystrophy]. Riv Neurol. 1991 Sep-Oct;61(5):191-6. Italian. PMID: 1808679. 2. Siciliano G, Simoncini C, Giannotti S, Zampa V, Angelini C, Ricci G. Muscle exercise in limb girdle muscular dystrophies: pitfall and advantages. Acta Myol. 2015 May;34(1):3-8. PMID: 26155063; PMCID: PMC4478773. 3. Siciliano G, Schirinzi E, Simoncini C, Ricci G. Exercise therapy in muscle diseases: open issues and future perspectives. Acta Myol. 2019 Dec 1;38(4):233-238. PMID: 31970321; PMCID: PMC6955631. 4. Iyer SR, Shah SB, Lovering RM. The Neuromuscular Junction: Roles in Aging and Neuromuscular Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 28;22(15):8058. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158058. PMID: 34360831; PMCID: PMC8347593. 5. Ng SY, Ljubicic V. Recent insights into neuromuscular junction biology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Impacts, challenges, and opportunities. EBioMedicine. 2020 Nov;61:103032. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103032. Epub 2020 Oct 8. PMID: 33039707; PMCID: PMC7648118. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 026 Development of a 3D muscle tissue model of Pompe disease Francesca Torri (1), Valentina Lionello (2), Federica Zinghirino (3), Sara Benedetti (3), Gabriele Siciliano (1), Francesco Saverio Tedesco (2) (1) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy; (2) Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; (3) Zayed Center For Research, London, UK E-mail: francesca.torri@phd.unipi.it Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII), or Pompe disease (PD), is an inherited lysosomal disorder due to biallelic mutations on the GAA gene, leading to absent or decreased activity of the acid alpha glucosidase enzyme, which is necessary for glycogen breakdown, then leading to its buildup in various organs.1 The phenotypic spectrum of this disorder ranges from a severe, multisystem involvement manifesting in the perinatal or infantile age (Infantile Onset Pompe Disease, IOPD) to a later, mostly myopathic form with a limb-girdle distribution of weakness (Late Onset Pompe Disease, LOPD); severity of disease greatly depends on the residual enzymatic activity.2 LOPD exhibits a great phenotypic variability, which has not been yet fully understood. Moreover, the possibility to recapitulate the disease pathogenesis in a complex in-vitro model could enhance biomarkers research and therapeutic development. With this aim, we developed a 3D in-vitro model of the muscular involvement in LOPD. Starting from immortalized myoblasts lines (one from a LOPD patient and one from a matched control) we characterized myoblasts and myotubes LOPD-specific features (GAA transcript levels, enzymatic activity, glycogen content). The same essays were then repeated on 3D models. Moreover, as a parallel project, we generated two new IOPD human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) lines which will be utilized for a multisystem involvement modeling. Key words: Pompe disease; in vitro modeling; 3D modeling; hiPSCs. References 1. Dalmia S, Sharma R, Ramaswami U, Hughes D, Jahnke N, Cole D, Smith S, Remmington T. Enzyme replacement therapy for late-onset Pompe disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Dec 12;12(12):CD012993. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012993.pub2. PMID: 38084761; PMCID: PMC10714667. 2. Gómez-Cebrián N, Gras-Colomer E, Poveda Andrés JL, Pineda-Lucena A, Puchades-Carrasco L. Omics-Based Approaches for the Characterization of Pompe Disease Metabolic Phenotypes. Biology (Basel). 2023 Aug 23;12(9):1159. doi: 10.3390/biology12091159. PMID: 37759559; PMCID: PMC10525434 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** Fig 23. From Ng SY, Ljubicic V, 2020.5 mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:francesca.torri@phd.unipi.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 027 Multifactorial Systemic Factors Affecting SMA bone health in patients and a mouse model of the disease Grandi FC (1), Pezet S (1), Arnould A (1), Mazzucchi S (1), Gidaja E (1), Astord S (1), Chapart M (2), Vasseur S (2), Ricupero A (1), Ernu M (1), Sampaio Y (3), Cohen- Tannoudji M (1), Miladi L (4), Vialle R (5), Smeriglio Piera (1) (1) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de recherche en Myologie F-10 75013 Paris, France; (2) Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Myobank-AFM de l’Institut de Myologie. Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière F- 75013 Paris, France; (3) Laboratory on Thymus Research, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (4) Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, University of Paris Cité, Necker University Hospital, APHP, 149 Rue de Sevres, 75015, Paris, France; (5) Department of Paediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; The MAMUTH Hospital University Department for Innovative Therapies in Musculoskeletal Disease Sorbonne University, Paris, France. E-mail: piera.smeriglio@inserm.fr Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare developmental disorder affecting multiple tissues. Among the non-central nervous system tissues implicated in SMA is the skeletal system, including bone and cartilage. Low bone mineral density, increased fractures of the long bones and vertebra, hip pain, and scoliosis have been reported across the spectrum of SMA patients. While lack of ambulation likely contributes significantly to bone pathology, SMA patients have markedly lower bone density compared to other non- ambulatory patients with muscle pathologies such as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, suggesting that there is a cell-intrinsic contribution of SMN to bone function. Mouse models of SMA have also confirmed the presence of bone and cartilage phenotypes. Recent advancements in therapeutic strategies, approved by both the FDA and the EMA, have represented a leap forward in the management of SMA. Despite these undeniable successes, treatment gaps remain. Post-treatment, patients frequently face continued challenges with skeletal health, underscoring the urgent need for more comprehensive therapeutic strategies that ca target these problems. To date, no molecular map exists of the changes that occur in SMA patient bone and cartilage, impeding the ability of finding targeted therapies. To address this clinical need, we profiled the transcriptome of the vertebral bone and cartilage in a cohort of 11 Type II SMA patients who were undergoing surgery for scoliosis correction and compared them to 7 idiopathic scoliosis and 2 DMD controls. Additionally, we characterized the skeletal health of a mouse model of type I SMA. We find that multisystemic factors including liver and muscle health affect the underlying SMA bone pathology. Specifically, we find alterations in the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, changes in PPAR signaling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid beta-oxidation, and alterations in the muscle-derived factor Irisin that play a role in overall SMA bone pathology Key words: Spinal muscular atrophy; bone; combination treatments. References 1. Grandi FC, Pezet S, Arnould A, Mazzucchi S, Gidaja E, Astord S, Chapart M, Vasseur S, Ricupero A, Ernu M, Sampaio Y, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Miladi L, Vialle R, Smeriglio P. Systemic Factors Affect Bone Health in SMA Type II Patients and a Mouse Model of SMA. BioRxiv. 2025 Feb 05. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.05.636673 2. Grandi FC, Astord S, Pezet S, Gidaja E, Mazzucchi S, Chapart M, Vasseur S, Mamchaoui K, Smeriglio P. Characterization of SMA type II skeletal muscle from treated patients shows OXPHOS deficiency and denervation. JCI Insight. 2024 Sep 12;9(20):e180992. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.180992. 3. C. J. J. Yeo, B. T. Darras, Overturning the Paradigm of Spinal Muscular Atrophy as Just a Motor Neuron Disease. Pediatric Neurology 109, 12–19 (2020). 4. H. M. Wasserman, L. N. Hornung, P. J. Stenger, M. M. Rutter, B. L. Wong, I. Rybalsky, J. C. Khoury, H. J. Kalkwarf, Low bone mineral density and fractures are highly prevalent in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy regardless of disease severity. Neuromuscul Disord 27, 331–337 (2017). 5. M. Kinali, L. M. Banks, E. Mercuri, A. Y. Manzur, F. Muntoni, Bone mineral density in a paediatric spinal muscular atrophy population. Neuropediatrics 35, 325– 328 (2004) 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 028 Reversion of RNA toxicity and muscle dysfunction in Myotonic Dystrophy Denis Furling Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 029 Effects of age and sex in human muscle secretome, Barbara Crisol (1), Jessica Ohana (1), Mona Bensalah (1), Natalia Pinzón (1), Julia Orio (1), Ludovic Gaut- Serey (1), Maria Kondili (1), Gillian Butler-Browne (1), Charlotte Peterson (2), Vincent Mouly (1), Anne Bigot (1), Capucine Trollet (1) (1) Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:piera.smeriglio@inserm.fr European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France; (2) Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA E-mail: barbara.moreira-crisol@inserm.fr During aging there is a decline in physiological health, leading to reduced functionality of tissues1. Relating to skeletal muscle, it leads to reduced strength and mass, accompanied by a reduced regenerative capacity. Muscle is a secretory organ capable of regulating its own function and/or influencing the activity of other tissues via myokines2. In this context, how muscle secretion is modified during aging and how this affects muscle regeneration and homeostasis is still not known. Combining bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experiments we have analyzed how age affects the skeletal muscle secretome. For that, we have analyzed by proteomic approaches the medium of differentiated human muscle cells isolated from muscles of young (15 to 25 years old) and old (60 to 86 years old) subjects. The analyzed cells from old donors presented did not present any difference to the young cell lines regarding cell proliferation and fusion index. However, myotubes from old donors presented impaired mitochondrial function and increased in the protein aggregation, two hallmarks of aging3. Regarding the muscle secretion, we have identified 127 proteins differentially secreted between the young and old samples. In parallel, it is known that male and female respond differently to muscle aging and present different DNA methylation and gene expression profiles4. Using In silico transcriptome analyses from male and female using the Genotype-Tissue Expression study of young adults (12 females and 30 males) and older adults (6 females and 12 males) we observed that besides age, sex acts as a major source of variation in the muscle transcriptome. We also identified by using Principal component analysis in our data, that the sex has an impact in the secreted proteins, but not the in the proteome profile of the same cells. Altogether, these results suggest that aging and sex difference have major effects in the muscle secretome and we aim to identify specific targets to reduce the effects of muscle aging in the elderly, by testing in vitro the proteins of interest identified in the muscle secretome Key words: Aging; Secretome; Proteomics; Sex-effect. References 1. López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013 Jun 6;153(6):1194-217. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039. PMID: 23746838; PMCID: PMC3836174. 2. Le Bihan MC, Bigot A, Jensen SS, Dennis JL, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Lainé J, Gache V, Furling D, Jensen ON, Voit T, Mouly V, Coulton GR, Butler- Browne G. In-depth analysis of the secretome identifies three major independent secretory pathways in differentiating human myoblasts. J Proteomics. 2012 Dec 21;77:344-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Sep 20. PMID: 23000592. 3. López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell. 2023 Jan 19;186(2):243-278. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001. Epub 2023 Jan 3. PMID: 36599349. 4. Davegårdh C, Hall Wedin E, Broholm C, Henriksen TI, Pedersen M, Pedersen BK, Scheele C, Ling C. Sex influences DNA methylation and gene expression in human skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jan 15;10(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-1118-4. PMID: 30646953; PMCID: PMC6332625. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 030 Transcriptomic characterization of Type II SMA muscle to understand the variability in phenotypes and treatment response, Fiorella Carla Grandi (1), Stéphanie Astord (1), Sonia Pezet (1), Elèna Gidaja (1), Sabrina Mazzucchi (1), Maud Chapart (2), Stéphane Vasseur (2), Kamel Mamchaoui (1), Piera Smeriglio (1) (1) Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de recherche en Myologie F-75013 Paris, France; (2). Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Myobank-AFM de l’Institut de Myologie. Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière F- 75013 Paris, France. E-mail: piera.smeriglio@inserm.fr Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a recessive, developmental disorder caused by the genetic loss or mutation of the gene SMN1 (Survival of Motor Neuron 1). SMA is characterized by neuromuscular symptoms and muscle weakness. Several years ago, SMA treatment underwent a radical transformation, with the approval of three different SMN-dependent disease modifying therapies. This includes two SMN2 splicing therapies – Risdiplam and Nusinersen. One main challenge for Type II SMA patients treated with these drugs is ongoing muscle fatigue, limited mobility, and other skeletal problems. To date, few molecular studies have been conducted on SMA- patient derived tissues after treatment, limiting our understanding of what targets remain after the principal spinal cord targeted therapies are applied. Therefore, we collected paravertebral muscle from a cohort of 28 SMA Type II patients spinal surgery for scoliosis, some treated and other not treated with the state-of-the-art therapies, and 11 controls. We used RNA-sequencing to characterize their transcriptional profiles and correlate these with muscle histology and generate subgroups of transcriptional profiles to describe the evolution of the disease. Using single-nucleic RNA-sequencing, we were further able to understand changes in muscle cell type composition and the crosstalk between these cellular populations. Epigenetic characterization of these samples using 5hmC-sequencing further highlighted changes in enhancer use that may determine muscle changes. Despite the cohort size and heterogeneity, we observed a consistent loss of oxidative phosphorylation machinery of the mitochondria, a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, and a correlation between signals of cellular stress, denervation and increased fibrosis. This work provides new putative targets for combination therapies for Type II SMA. Key words: Spinal muscular atrophy; Transcriptomics; mitochondria. References mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:barbara.moreira-crisol@inserm.fr mailto:piera.smeriglio@inserm.fr European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 1. Grandi FC, Astord S, Pezet S, Gidaja E, Mazzucchi S, Chapart M, Vasseur S, Mamchaoui K, Smeriglio P. Characterization of SMA type II skeletal muscle from treated patients shows OXPHOS deficiency and denervation. JCI Insight. 2024 Sep 12;9(20):e180992. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.180992. 2. Jha NN, et al. Muscle: an independent contributor to the neuromuscular spinal muscular atrophy disease phenotype. JCI Insight. 2023;8(18). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.171878. 3. Kim J-K, et al. Muscle-specific SMN reduction reveals motor neuron-independent disease in spinal muscular atrophy models. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(3):1271–1287 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 031 Cell specific loss of MBNL: implication for Myotonic Dystrophy skeletal muscle homeostasis Frédérique Rau Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, Paris, France Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 032 Role of the lysosome in maintaining muscle health across the lifespan Anastasiya Kuznyetsova, Thulasi Mahendran, David A. Hood Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada E-mail: dhood@yorku.ca Regulation of skeletal muscle health involves the coordinated activity of cellular organelles. Mitochondria produce energy for muscle contraction, and they can be increased in muscle by exercise training. In contrast, mitochondria can be reduced within the cell by extended periods of muscle disuse. This decline in mitochondria occurs when mitochondria display dysfunction, and it is mediated by the process of mitophagy in which they are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. The terminal step of mitophagy involves the fusion of autophagosomes containing defective mitochondria with the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Lysosomes have an acidic interior and many hydrolytic enzymes that operate at a low pH which facilitates the degradation of dysfunctional cargo. Our previous work has shown that chronic exercise via training or chronic contractile activity (CCA) leads to improved mitochondrial function and content and can induce coincident increases in lysosomal proteins as well (Fig. 1; 1,5,6,7, unpublished data). This suggests that situations of reduced lysosomal function could potentially be rescued by exercise. However, lysosomal proteins are also increased in muscle with age (Fig. 1, Old; 1,7), and with disuse imposed by denervation (Fig. 1, Den; 2,4). However, we do not know whether this increase represents more lysosomes that are functional or dysfunctional. Determination of this functional distinction requires the isolation of purified lysosomal fractions, and it is critical to establishing the therapeutic value of exercise in maintaining mitophagy flux and muscle health as we age. This presentation will focus on how exercise can be used as a stimulus for both mitochondrial targeting via mitophagy as well as lysosomal biogenesis, and how it can serve as a useful behavioral therapeutic modality to reverse impairments in the mitophagy pathway that arise with age and muscle disuse Key words: Mitochondria; mitochondrial dysfunction; muscle adaptations, lysosomal biogenesis, aging References 1. Triolo M, Oliveira AN, Kumari R, Hood DA. The influence of age, sex, and exercise on autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle. 2022 Jun 11;12(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s13395-022-00296-7. PMID: 35690879; PMCID: PMC9188089. 2. Triolo M, Slavin M, Moradi N, Hood DA. Time- dependent changes in autophagy, mitophagy and lysosomes in skeletal muscle during denervation- induced disuse. J Physiol. 2022 Apr;600(7):1683-1701. doi: 10.1113/JP282173. Epub 2022 Feb 9. PMID: 35067920. 3. Kim Y, Triolo M, Erlich AT, Hood DA. Regulation of autophagic and mitophagic flux during chronic contractile activity-induced muscle adaptations. Pflugers Arch. 2019 Mar;471(3):431-440. doi: 10.1007/s00424- 018-2225-x. Epub 2018 Oct 27. PMID: 30368578. 4. Oliveira AN, Memme JM, Wong J, Hood DA. Dimorphic effect of TFE3 in determining mitochondrial and lysosomal content in muscle following denervation. Skelet Muscle. 2024 Apr 20;14(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13395-024-00339-1. PMID: 38643162; PMCID: PMC11031958. 5. Kim Y, Hood DA. Regulation of the autophagy system during chronic contractile activity-induced muscle adaptations. Physiol Rep. 2017 Jul;5(14):e13307. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13307. PMID: 28720712; PMCID: PMC5532476. 6. Wong JC, Oliveira AN, Khemraj P, Hood DA. The role of TFE3 in mediating skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2024 Feb 1;136(2):262-273. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00484.2023. Epub 2023 Dec 14. PMID: 38095014. 7. Carter HN, Kim Y, Erlich AT, Zarrin-Khat D, Hood DA. Autophagy and mitophagy flux in young and aged skeletal muscle following chronic contractile activity. J Physiol. 2018 Aug;596(16):3567-3584. doi: 10.1113/JP275998. Epub 2018 Jul 3. PMID: 29781176; PMCID: PMC6092298. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:dhood@yorku.ca European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 033 The role of AMPK in the neuromuscular system Vladimir Ljubicic Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. E-mail: ljubicic@mcmaster.ca Skeletal muscle, its innervating α-motoneurons (αMNs), and their connection, the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), are all essential for respiration and mobility. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important mediator of muscle biology and may also affect NMJ and αMN phenotype determination, maintenance, and plasticity.1,2 We recently found fragmented endplates, decreased acetylcholine receptor turnover, and axon blebbing in muscles of AMPK skeletal muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice, indicating that there are AMPK-specific functions at the NMJ, both pre- and post-synaptically.3 Furthermore, our novel AMPK inducible mKO mice present with muscle deficits and have altered αMN morphology, demonstrating that skeletal muscle-specific AMPK has retrograde impact on αMNs. Additional preliminary data demonstrate that novel AMPK agonists augment muscle force and improve cardiac morphology and function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mice. Moreover, small molecule-induced AMPK activation in DMD and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patient cells highlight the mutation agnostic effects of stimulating the kinase. Complementary results from our lab demonstrate: i) neurotrophic effects of AMPK at the NMJ that may be leveraged for the maintenance and remodelling of the synapse (3); ii) exercise-induced AMPK stimulation augments muscle function without exacerbating the dystrophic pathology in DMD mice (4); iii) a single dose of exercise- or drug-induced AMPK activation in SMA mice or patient cells enhance mitochondrial health,5,6 and iv) exercise training stimulates AMPK and improves mitochondrial and muscle health in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mice,7,8 and patients.9 In this presentation, I review the role of AMPK as a regulator of neuromuscular biology in health and disease. This information may be useful for engineering AMPK-targeted pharmacological- or lifestyle- based strategies to treat disorders of the neuromuscular system Key words: Skeletal muscle, NMJ, αMN, exercise, neuromuscular disorders. References 1. Mikhail AI, Ng SY, Mattina SR, Ljubicic V. AMPK is mitochondrial medicine for neuromuscular disorders. Trends Mol Med. 2023 Jul;29(7):512-529. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.03.008. Epub 2023 Apr 19. PMID: 37080889. 2. Dial AG, Ng SY, Manta A, Ljubicic V. The Role of AMPK in Neuromuscular Biology and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2018 May;29(5):300-312. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.02.010. Epub 2018 Mar 20. PMID: 29572064. 3. Ng SY, Mikhail AI, Mattina SR, Mohammed SA, Khan SK, Desjardins EM, Lim C, Phillips SM, Steinberg GR, Ljubicic V. AMPK regulates the maintenance and remodelling of the neuromuscular junction. Mol Metab. 2025 Jan;91:102066. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102066. Epub 2024 Nov 19. PMID: 39571900. 4. Mattina SR, Ng SY, Mikhail AI, Stouth DW, Jornacion CE, Rebalka IA, Hawke TJ, Ljubicic V. Volitional exercise elicits physiological and molecular improvements in the severe D2.mdx mouse model of Duchene muscular dystrophy. J Physiol. In press. 5. Mikhail AI, Ng SY, Xhuti D, Lesinski MA, Chhor J, Deguise MO, De Repentigny Y, Nederveen JP, Kothari R, Tarnopolsky MA, Ljubicic V. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial and autophagic dysregulation are modifiable in spinal muscular atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. In press. 6. Ng SY, Mikhail A, Ljubicic V. Mechanisms of exercise- induced survival motor neuron expression in the skeletal muscle of spinal muscular atrophy-like mice. J Physiol. 2019 Sep;597(18):4757-4778. doi: 10.1113/JP278454. Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31361024. 7. Mikhail AI, Manta A, Ng SY, Osborne AK, Mattina SR, Mackie MR, Ljubicic V. A single dose of exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial plasticity in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2023 Apr;237(4):e13943. doi: 10.1111/apha.13943. Epub 2023 Feb 10. PMID: 36726043. 8. Manta A, Stouth DW, Xhuti D, Chi L, Rebalka IA, Kalmar JM, Hawke TJ, Ljubicic V. Chronic exercise mitigates disease mechanisms and improves muscle function in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mice. J Physiol. 2019 Mar;597(5):1361-1381. doi: 10.1113/JP277123. Epub 2019 Jan 30. PMID: 30628727. 9. Mikhail AI, Nagy PL, Manta K, Rouse N, Manta A, Ng SY, Nagy MF, Smith P, Lu JQ, Nederveen JP, Ljubicic V, Tarnopolsky MA. Aerobic exercise elicits clinical adaptations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients independently of pathophysiological changes. J Clin Invest. 2022 May 16;132(10):e156125. doi: 10.1172/JCI156125. PMID: 35316212. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 034 The importance of Ca2+ signalling in skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise Nicolas Place Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail: nicolas.place@unil.ch Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) play a pivotal role in skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise due to their involvement in the excitation-contraction process and their function as a signalling molecule. Unsurprisingly, altered Ca²⁺ handling has been identified as a key metabolic factor in skeletal muscle fatigue 1. In our mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ljubicic@mcmaster.ca mailto:nicolas.place@unil.ch European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it laboratory, we adopt a translational approach— spanning from cellular models to exercising humans— to explore the interplay between neuromuscular and metabolic adaptations to exercise. For example, we reported in humans that the main intracellular Ca²⁺ release channel in skeletal muscle, the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), undergoes alterations following a single session of sprint interval training (SIT) 2. In a subsequent study, muscle biopsies collected from recreationally-trained participants after a single session of SIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) revealed dissociation of calstabin1 from RyR1, a hallmark of leaky RyR1, specifically in response to SIT. Using pharmacological interventions in cellular models mimicking SIT and MICT, we established that Ca²⁺ leaking through RyR1 was taken up by mitochondria, enhancing mitochondrial content and function. This was evidenced by increased levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins and improved NADH-linked mitochondrial respiratory capacity 3. We have now collected preliminary data investigating whether combining exercise with a mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCU) activator can enhance exercise performance. Additionally, I will highlight findings from a recent study in which we demonstrated that under conditions of functional hypoxia, mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake decreases in response to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release for muscle contraction. In both cellular and human models, this reduction in mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake blunted adaptive responses and remodelling following muscle contractions 4. Leveraging the translational approach developed in these projects, this presentation will emphasize the critical role of Ca²⁺ signalling in skeletal muscle adaptations to physical exercise. Key Words: calcium; muscle contraction; mitochondria; fatigue. References 1. Place N, Westerblad H. (2022) Metabolic Factors in Skeletal Muscle Fatigue. In: McConell, G. (eds) Exercise Metabolism. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9_17 2. Place N, Ivarsson N, Venckunas T, Neyroud D, Brazaitis M, Cheng AJ, Ochala J, Kamandulis S, Girard S, Volungevicius G, Pauzas H, Mekideche A, Kayser B, Martinez-Redondo V, Ruas JL, Bruton J, Truffert A, Lanner JT, Skurvydas A, Westerblad H (2015) Ryanodine receptor fragmentation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak after one session of high-intensity interval exercise. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112 (50):15492-15497. doi:10.1073/pnas.1507176112 3. Zanou N, Dridi H, Reiken S, Imamura de Lima T, Donnelly C, De Marchi U, Ferrini M, Vidal J, Sittenfeld L, Feige JN, Garcia-Roves PM, Lopez- Mejia IC, Marks AR, Auwerx J, Kayser B, Place N (2021) Acute RyR1 Ca2+ leak enhances NADH- linked mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Nat Commun 12(1):7219. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021- 27422-1. 4. Donnelly C, Komlodi T, Cardoso L, Cecatto C, Compagnion A, Matera A, Tavernari D, Campiche O, Paolicelli R, Zanou N, Kayser B, Gnaiger E, Place N (2024) Functional hypoxia reduces muscle mitochondrial calcium uptake. Redox Biology 71:103037. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103037 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 035 Molecular mechanisms of muscle adaptations: role of PGC-1a Christoph Handschin Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland E-mail: christoph.handschin@unibas.ch Skeletal muscle exhibits an enormous plasticity triggered by external perturbations and internal stimuli. Most notably, changes in the amount of physical activity lead to a remodeling of signaling pathways, bio-chemical processes, cellular metabolism and contractile properties, collectively affecting muscle function (1). This not only affects performance but has also a very broad impact on health and well-being, morbidity and mortality. Surprisingly, despite the clear clinical significance, the molecular mechanisms that underlie skeletal muscle plasticity in (patho)physiological contexts remain poorly understood. For example, it is unclear how the short-term perturbations evoked by an individual exercise bout ultimately lead to long-term chronic adaptations, how the molecular patterns of an untrained and a trained muscle at rest differ (2), and even how specification, e.g. in endurance compared to resistance training is brought about (3). In my presentation, I will summarize the current knowledge and present recent data providing more insights onto the fundamental process of muscle adaptation to contractile activity. A particular focus with the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in this process. PGC-1alpha is activated by an acute endurance exercise bout, and will control a complex gene program aimed at metabolic and contractile remodeling to provide adequate support for sustained muscle contractions. As other key regulators, including calcium signaling, the AMP- dependent protein kinase (AMPK) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), PGC-1alpha is only transiently engaged. I thus will present the current data on how such regulators, in particular PGC-1alpha, could nevertheless be crucial for long-term training adaptation of muscle. Key words: PGC-1alpha; exercise; skeletal muscle plasticity; transcriptional regulation References 1. Furrer R, Hawley JA, Handschin C “The molecular mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2024.103037 mailto:christoph.handschin@unibas.ch European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals” Physiol Rev. 2023 103(3):1693-1787 2. Furrer R, Heim B, Schmid S, Dilbaz S, Adak V, Nordström KJV, Ritz D, Steurer SA, Walter J, Handschin C “Molecular control of endurance training adaptation in male mouse skeletal muscle” Nat Metab. 2023 5(11):2020-2035. 3. Furrer R, Handschin C “Molecular aspects of the exercise response and training adaptation in skeletal muscle” Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 223:53-68 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 036 Mitochondria-derived vesicles in physical frailty and sarcopenia Anna Picca (1,2) (1) Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University; Casamassima, Italy; (2) Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. E-mail: picca@lum.it Biological aging is the failure of resilience mechanisms opposing to cell damage in favor to processes that lead to damage accrual manifesting as an increase in negative outcomes and poor health. Reduced mitochondrial quality and altered mitochondrial signaling contribute to the age- related cell and organismal decline. Mitochondrial failure and inflammation characterize older people with physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) in a complex relationship requiring multi-marker and complex analysis to be dissected (1). Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been characterized and recognized as potential tools for capturing age-related secretory characteristics. Mitochondria also generate vesicles, referred to as mitochondria-derived vesicles, as a rescue strategy from organelle disposal in the setting mild mitochondrial injury and/or lysosomal function impairment for the incorporation of mitochondrial proteins and DNA (2). At the extracellular level, mitochondrial constituents as well as MDVs themselves hold pro-inflammatory roles and trigger innate immunity. A thorough analysis of these vesicles unveiled specific patterns of mediators associated with PF&S (3) that may also shed light on the chronic low-grade inflammatory process accompanying the aging process that may lead to the identification of novel mitochondrial routes operating in aging and related disorders. Key words: aging; exosomes; mitochondrial quality control; mitochondrial-lysosomal axis; mitophagy. References 1. Calvani R, Picca A, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Gervasoni J, Persichilli S, Primiano A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Cesari M, Bossola M, Urbani A, Onder G, Landi F, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Identification of biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia through a new multi-marker approach: results from the BIOSPHERE study. Geroscience. 2021 Apr;43(2):727-740. doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00197-x. 2. Ferrucci L, Guerra F, Bucci C, Marzetti E, Picca A. Mitochondria break free: Mitochondria-derived vesicles in aging and associated conditions. Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Dec;102:102549. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102549. Epub 2024 Oct 19. PMID: 39427885. 3. Marzetti E, Guerra F, Calvani R, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Bernabei R, Bucci C, Picca A. Circulating Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles, Inflammatory Biomarkers and Amino Acids in Older Adults With Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Preliminary BIOSPHERE Multi-Marker Study Using Sequential and Orthogonalized Covariance Selection - Linear Discriminant Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Sep 22;8:564417. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564417. PMID: 33072749; PMCID: PMC7536309. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 037 Testosterone depletion and intracellular calcium in skeletal muscle Agnese De Mario, Ilaria Piazza (1), Rosario Rizzuto (1), Cristina Mammucari (1,2). (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; (2) Myology center (CIR-Myo), University of Padua Italy Abstract WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 038 Effects of exercise and chemotherapy in cancer cachexia James A Carson Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine & Human Performance, Texas A&M University, United States E-mail: jamescarson@tamu.edu Central objectives for successful cancer treatment include increased survival and an improved quality of life. Skeletal muscle loss and metabolic dysfunction are barriers to the cancer patient achieving these positive outcomes. For years, we have studied the mechanistic basis of cancer-induced muscle waste in preclinical models. Historically, mechanistic investigations into cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting have focused on cachexia prevention and have not accounted for chemotherapy effects, which could alter the outcomes of these investigations. While progress has been made in identifying molecular drivers of cancer cachexia, our mechanistic understanding of chemotherapy’s consequences on skeletal muscle metabolism and function was primarily focused on acute toxicities for years. Thus, mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:picca@lum.it mailto:jamescarson@tamu.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it understanding the long-term consequences of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle metabolic and functional properties is insufficient. We have examined the adverse effects that persist after the completion of chemotherapy with 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with other therapies, including leucovorin, methotrexate, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. While established regimens Folfox (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) and Folfiri (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan) have been widely investigated for acute muscle toxicity, little is known about their lasting effects on the regulation of skeletal muscle fatigue and mitochondria quality control. We also have explored how sex and exercise interact with chemotherapy. Although exercise is widely prescribed post-cancer treatment, the mechanistic cellular underpinnings of exercise and chemotherapy’s interaction are poorly understood, which has limited exercise as a therapy. Additionally, many cancer patients can become hypogonadal from weight loss, systemic inflammation, and aging. How these conditions impact skeletal muscle and interact with chemotherapy to regulate skeletal muscle function will be discussed. Key words: 5-fluorouracil; colon cancer; mitochondria; AMPK; osteocalcin. References: 1. Ballarò R, Beltrà M, De Lucia S, Pin F, Ranjbar K, Hulmi JJ, Costelli P, Penna F. Moderate exercise in mice improves cancer plus chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting and mitochondrial alterations. FASEB J. 2019 Apr;33(4):5482-5494. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801862R. Epub 2019 Jan 17. PMID: 30653354. 2. Halle JL, Counts BR, Paez HG, Baumfalk DR, Zhang Q, Mohamed JS, Glazer ES, Puppa MJ, Smuder AJ, Alway SE, Carson JA. Recovery from FOLFOX chemotherapy- induced systemic and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Aug 1;325(2):E132-E151. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00096.2023. Epub 2023 Jun 28. PMID: 37378624; PMCID: PMC10393342. 3. Halle JL, Counts BR, Zhang Q, Carson JA. Short duration treadmill exercise improves physical function and skeletal muscle mitochondria protein expression after recovery from FOLFOX chemotherapy in male mice. FASEB J. 2022 Aug;36(8):e22437. doi: 10.1096/fj.202200460R. PMID: 35816153. 4. Pin F, Barreto R, Couch ME, Bonetto A, O'Connell TM. Cachexia induced by cancer and chemotherapy yield distinct perturbations to energy metabolism. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019 Feb;10(1):140-154. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12360. Epub 2019 Jan 24. PMID: 30680954; PMCID: PMC6438345. 5. VanderVeen BN, Cardaci TD, Madero SS, McDonald SJ, Bullard BM, Price RL, Carson JA, Fan D, Murphy EA. 5-Fluorouracil disrupts skeletal muscle immune cells and impairs skeletal muscle repair and remodeling. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Oct 1;133(4):834-849. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00325.2022. Epub 2022 Aug 25. PMID: 36007896; PMCID: PMC9529268. Funding: NCI R21 CA231131-01A1 and NIAMS R21 AR079843-01A1 to JA Carson 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 039 Oxytocin treatment reduces cancer cachexia in a pre- clinical model Alexandra Sviercovich (1, 2, 3), Etsuko Watanabe (3), Estefania S. Fernandez (4), Chao Liu (3), Grace Xie (3), Zhenlin Li (2), Onnik Agbulut (2), Marilia Seelaender (4), Jose Pinhata Otoch (4), Daniele De Meo (5), Gianluca Cera (1,5), Sergio Adamo† (1), Michael J. Conboy (3), Irina M. Conboy (3), Dario Coletti (1, 2) (1) DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; (2) Dept. Of Biological Adaptation and Ageing B2A (CNRS UMR 8256 - INSERM ERL U1164 - UPMC P6), Sorbonne University, France; (3) Dept. Of Bioengineering, QB3, Conboy Lab, Stanley Hall, University of California, Berkeley, USA; (4) Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; (5) Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy E-mail: dario.coletti@uniroma1.it Oxytocin (OT), a neurohypophyseal peptide that declines with age, has been shown to counteract sarcopenia in aged mice.1,2 We and others have shown that its receptor is expressed in skeletal muscle and that OT promotes myogenic differentiation. However, OT’s capacity to counteract cancer cachexia has not been studied.3 While examining OT plasma levels in cancer patients, we noticed a significant dicrease of OT associated to the occurrence of cachexia, a mascle wasting syndrome associated to late stage cancer and a poor prognosis. Similarly, OT mRNA level and that of its receptor, OTR, dicrease in elderly, sarcopenic patients. This promped us to use OT to counteract the effect of tumor-derived factors on muscle cells and tissues Figure 23). As a proof of principle, OT’s effects were initially assessed in vitro using L6C5 myoblasts,4 treated with colon cancer C26-conditioned medium (C26-CM).5 Since OT counteracted the C26-CM, we evaluated its efficacy against cachexia in an in vivo C26/Blab/C cancer. Finally, transgenic MetRSL274G C57BL/6 mice were used to assess OT effects on de-novo proteins synthesis. In vitro, OT reversed the inhibition of myogenic differentiation by C26-CM, increasing the fusion index, the number of nuclei per myotube and the myotube diameter. In mice submcutaneooulsy injected with the C26 Fig 23. Graphical abstract. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:dario.coletti@uniroma1.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it tumor, OT treatment restored skeletal muscle mass, increased fiber cross-sectional area and improved the body weight. Muscle mass is largely linked to protein metabolism, thus we measured the proteasome-mediated protein degradation by using the expression of ubiquitin ligases (MuRF1 and Atrogin1) as markers of this pathway. WhIle the C26 tumor increased the RNA expression of the ubiquitin ligases, OT totally rescued their basal level of expression. As for protein synthesis, measured through the use of bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT), we observed that OT rescued the synthesis of key proteins involved in muscle homeostasis, regeneration, and inter-organ communication, which were disrupted by the C26 tumor. OT has an established clinical safety and widely used in obstetric care. Our findings that OT rescues protein homeostasis and muscle mass in a preclinical model suggest that it could quickly be translated into effective therapies for preventing or treating cachexia in cancer patients. Key words: cancer cachexia; oxytocin; protein metabolism; BONCAT. References 1. Elabd C, Cousin W, Upadhyayula P, Chen RY, Chooljian MS, Li J, Kung S, Jiang KP, Conboy IM. Oxytocin is an age-specific circulating hormone that is necessary for muscle maintenance and regeneration. Nat Commun. 2014 Jun 10;5:4082. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5082. PMID: 24915299; PMCID: PMC4512838. 2. Adamo S, Pigna E, Lugarà R, Moresi V, Coletti D, Bouché M. Skeletal Muscle: A Significant Novel Neurohypophyseal Hormone-Secreting Organ. Front Physiol. 2019 Jan 8;9:1885. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01885. PMID: 30670984; PMCID: PMC6331439. 3. Berardi E, Madaro L, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Adamo S, Thorrez L, Bouche M, Coletti D. A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jan 12;11(1):116. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11010116. PMID: 33445790; PMCID: PMC7828214. 4. De Arcangelis V, Coletti D, Conti M, Lagarde M, Molinaro M, Adamo S, Nemoz G, Naro F. IGF-I- induced differentiation of L6 myogenic cells requires the activity of cAMP-phosphodiesterase. Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Apr;14(4):1392-404. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e02-03-0156. PMID: 12686596; PMCID: PMC153109. 5. Baccam A, Benoni-Sviercovich A, Rocchi M, Moresi V, Seelaender M, Li Z, Adamo S, Xue Z, Coletti D. The Mechanical Stimulation of Myotubes Counteracts the Effects of Tumor-Derived Factors Through the Modulation of the Activin/Follistatin Ratio. Front Physiol. 2019 Apr 24;10:401. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00401. PMID: 31068826; PMCID: PMC6491697. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 40 RAGE activity at myofiber level sustains cancer cachexia Sara Chiappalupi (1,2), Giulia Gentili (1,2), Laura Salvadori (2,3), Martina Paiella (2,3), Marcello Manfredi (3), Vittoria Federica Borrini (3), Mangar Kaamashri (4), Ann Marie Schmidt (4), Francesca Riuzzi (1,2), Guglielmo Sorci (1,2). E-mail: guglielmo.sorci@unipg.it (1) Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; (2) Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy; (3) Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; (4) Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA. Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome characterized by progressive muscle wasting and responsible for about half of cancer patients' deaths (1). The receptor RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end- products) is re-expressed in myofibers of tumor-bearing mice undergoing cachexia and overstimulated by high amounts of cachexigenic RAGE ligands thus amplifying catabolic pathways (2). Tumor-bearing RAGE-null (Ager−/−) mice showed reduced hallmarks of CC, delayed muscle atrophy, and increased survival (3). To understand the specific contribution of muscular RAGE to CC, we generated a conditional tamoxifen-inducible mouse model in which the RAGE gene is selectively deleted in skeletal muscles (AgermKO mice). Following subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, AgermKO and Ager−/− mice showed almost complete maintenance of muscle mass and performance at 25 dpi, the opposite being observed in control, Agerflox mice. Moreover, the absence of RAGE only in muscles of tumor-bearing mice (LLC/AgermKO mice) slowed down body weight loss and increased survival, although to a lesser extent than in the complete absence of RAGE (Ager−/− mice). Restrained degradation of fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-II, typically degraded in cancer conditions, and increased expression of slow isoform MyHC-I, which confers resistance to cancer-induced muscle atrophy, characterized muscles of LLC-AgermKO mice. Moreover, contrary to LLC/Agerflox mice, LLC/AgermKO muscles showed an increased activation state of the anabolic kinase, Akt, inhibition of the Akt downstream target, GSK-3β, and unchanged levels of PGC-1α compared to their internal controls, suggesting that the maintenance of physiological activation of the Akt-GSK-3β-PGC-1α pathway might contribute to restrain muscle wasting in these animals in cancer conditions. The proteomic analysis revealed distinct signatures in tumor-bearing Agerflox, AgermKO, and Ager–/– mice, and suggested additional factors linked to the absence of RAGE at muscle levels which might concur to restrain muscle wasting in cancer conditions by promoting a fast-to-slow myofiber transition. Indeed, we found higher amounts of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9, which is highly expressed in slow-twitch muscles and is involved in the determination of myofiber type specificity, and reduced amounts of MYOZ1 (myozenin-1/calsarcin-2), which is expressed exclusively by fast-twitch muscles where it mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:guglielmo.sorci@unipg.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it inhibits the calcineurin/NFAT pathway responsible for fast- to-slow myofiber transition. Altogether, our results suggest that RAGE engagement at the myofiber level contributes to muscle wasting in cancer conditions, even though the total absence of RAGE translates into the highest protection against CC. Thus, approaches pointing to inhibiting RAGE might represent promising tools to counteract the cachectic syndrome and prolong survival in cancer patients. Key words: cancer cachexia; RAGE; animal models. References 1. Ferrer M, Anthony TG, Ayres JS, et al. Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease. Cell. 2023;186(9):1824-1845. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.028. 2. Riuzzi F, Sorci G, Sagheddu R, Chiappalupi S, Salvadori L, Donato R. RAGE in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9(7):1213- 1234. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12350. 3. Chiappalupi S, Sorci G, Vukasinovic A, et al. Targeting RAGE prevents muscle wasting and prolongs survival in cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020;11(4):929-946. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12561. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 041 Silencing Tumor-Muscle Crosstalk Emidio M Matos-Neto (1,2); Joanna D LIma (1,3); Estefania Simoes (1,4), Marilia Seelaender (1) (1) Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26-HC, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo; Brazil; (2) Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Brazil; (3) Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; (4) Institute of Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center München, Germany E-mail: seelaender@usp.br Cachexia has been defined as an intricate wasting syndrome that appears concomitant to underlying illness, frequently adding up to pre-existent poor muscle function and sarcopenia. Marked and fast weight loss, reflecting skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting are hallmarks of the syndrome (1). Systemic inflammation is a common finding in cancer and even more prominent in cachexia. We (2) described tumours of cachectic colorectal cancer patients to present a decreased macrophage phenotype M1 to M2 ratio within the tumour microenvironment, accompanied by the description augmented CCL3, CCL4, and IL-1β expression by the total tumour, as compared with those obtained from weight-stable colorectal cancer patients. These differences were paralleled by impairment of autophagic processes in the tumour of cachectic patients (3). We thus postulated that attenuation of the inflammatory output of the tumour would induce improvement of cachexia-related symptoms and recovery of metabolism, directly suppressing muscle wasting. As to be effective in downregulating systemic inflammation we chose a strategy with systemic impact: chronic endurance exercise (Figure 24). Treatment-naïve cachectic and weight-stable patients (n= 50) engaged in 6 weeks of assisted submaximal treadmill exercise and the content of circulating inflammatory cytokines was robustly decreased in the patients, while a small appendicular muscle mass gain was detected. Tumours from trained patients also showed a reduction of mass, as assessed by computerized tomography and micro-anatomic analysis. Immune system function was increased (dendritic cells in the tumour microenvironment) and cachectic patients showed improved tumour vascularization after exercise. We shall discuss the results of the trial, with special emphasis on the anti- inflammatory effect of endurance exercise in cachexia with impact in the skeletal muscle. Key Words: Cancer cachexia; endurance exercise; inflammatory crosstalk; wasting. Funding: FAPESP 2012/50079-6 References 1. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):489-95. doi: 10.1016/S1470- 2045(10)70218-7. 2. de Matos-Neto EM, Lima JD, de Pereira WO, Figuerêdo RG, Riccardi DM, Radloff K, das Neves RX, Camargo RG, Maximiano LF, Tokeshi F, Otoch JP, Goldszmid R, Câmara NO, Trinchieri G, de Alcântara PS, Seelaender M. Systemic Inflammation in Cachexia - Is Tumor Cytokine Expression Profile the Culprit? Front Immunol. 2015 Dec 24;6:629. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00629. 3. Gonçalves RC, Freire PP, Coletti D, Seelaender M. Tumor Microenvironment Autophagic Processes and Cachexia: The Missing Link? Front Oncol. 2021 Feb 2;10:617109. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617109 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 042 Impact of sarcopenic myosteatosis on patients with esophagogastric cancer Elisa Sefora Pierobon (1), Giovanni Capovilla (1), Gianpietro Zanchettin (1), Lucia Moletta (1), Simone Corradin (2), Shady Attar (2), Alberto Ponzoni (2), Alessia Scarton (1), Anna Laura De Pasqual (1), Irene Sole Zuin (1), Sandra Zampieri (1,3), Roberta Sartori (3), Marco Sandri (3,4), Michele Valmasoni (1) (1) Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova; (2) UOC Radiologia II, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova; (3) Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche; (4) VIMM - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine. E-mail: elisasefora.pierobon@aopd.veneto.it Alterations in muscle mass, including sarcopenia and myosteatosis, have been shown to negatively impact surgical outcomes in cancer patients. In particular, these changes in body composition can contribute to increased mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:seelaender@usp.br mailto:elisasefora.pierobon@aopd.veneto.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and impaired recovery following major oncologic surgery. However, the correlation between body composition, biochemical markers, and surgical outcomes in esophagogastric cancers remains incompletely understood. Further investigation into these relationships may provide valuable insights for improving preoperative risk stratification and patient management. A prospective clinical trial was conducted between May 2019 and November 2024, enrolling patients with esophagogastric cancer undergoing curative-intent resection. At presentation, patients were assessed for anthropometric measures, medical history, and biochemical markers. Body composition was analyzed using contrast- enhanced CT scans, focusing on the lumbar skeletal muscle index (SMI) and mean muscle attenuation, based on cutoffs established by Martin et al. The presence of sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis was evaluated in relation to malnutrition and systemic inflammation. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate models to determine the impact of these factors on surgical outcomes. A total of 200 patients with esophagogastric cancer undergoing surgery were enrolled, with a preliminary analysis conducted on 42 patients. Postoperative morbidity did not differ significantly between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients (p=0.749). However, myosteatosis was associated with a higher severity of postoperative complications (p=0.015) and prolonged hospitalization (p=0.027), with the latter confirmed in multivariate analysis (p=0.036). Independent risk factors for myosteatosis included malnutrition, as indicated by low albumin levels (p<0.001), an increased Charlson comorbidity index (p=0.031), and a previous history of cancer (p=0.034). In Conclusion, muscle quality, rather than muscle quantity, appears to play a more critical role in influencing surgical outcomes in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Preoperative assessment of nutritional status, combined with body composition analysis, could serve as an effective strategy for risk stratification and guiding nutritional interventions to optimize patient outcomes. Key Words: Sarcopenia; Low Muscle Mass; Myosteatosis; Esophagogastric cancer; Postoperative complications; Albumin; Surgical Outcome. References 1. Martin L, Birdsell L, Macdonald N, et al. Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: Skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(12):1539-1547. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.2722. 2. Baracos VE, Psoas as a sentinel muscle for sarcopenia: A flawed premise. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(4):527-528. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12217. 3. Reisinger KW, Derikx JP, van Vugt JL, et al. Sarcopenia is associated with an increased inflammatory response to surgery in colorectal cancer. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(4):924- 927. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.07.010. 4. Zhuang CL, Shen X, Zou HB, et al. Prognostic significance of sarcopenia in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0155952. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0155952. 5. Lieffers JR, Bathe OF, Fassbender K, Winget M, Baracos VE. Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative infection and delayed recovery from colorectal cancer resection surgery. Br J Cancer. 2012;107(6):931-936. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.350. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 26 - Abstract 043 Involvement of Satellite cells in the pathogenesis of Neuromuscular disorders Massimo Ganassi *, Peter S. Zammit Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK *Present address: Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, University College London, UK - m.ganassi@ucl.ac.uk E-mail: massimo.ganassi@kcl.ac.uk Muscle health depends on resident stem cells, the satellite cells, key players in postnatal muscle growth, maintenance, and repair. However, in many muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies, muscle repair is progressively impaired, arguing for diminished satellite cell function. A critical question is whether a pathogenic mutation in a gene responsible for a neuromuscular disorder (myopathogene) directly disrupts satellite cell function, hindering the regenerative process. To identify whether a myopathogene disrupts satellite cell function, we developed a multimodal pathway integrating differential expression analysis of murine satellite cell activation, regulation by PAX7 (a master transcriptional regulator of satellite cells) and review of satellite cell numbers/function in related neuromuscular disease/animal models. This led us to define Satellite cell- opathies: a class of neuromuscular disorders where the dysfunction of satellite cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis (Ganassi et al., 2022; Ganassi and Zammit, 2022). Conditions where the pathogenic mutation solely impacts satellite cell function, we defined as Primary Satellite cell-opathies, typically presenting as congenital onset with hypotonia, involvement of respiratory, trunk, and facial muscles. In contrast, pathogenic mutations impairing both satellite cells and muscle fibres cause Secondary Satellite cell-opathies, with a more variable onset and pattern of affected muscles. To further expand the potential Fig 24. Endurance exercise attenuates cachexia mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:massimo.ganassi@kcl.ac.uk European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it of our discovery approach, we generated a transcriptomic dataset from human muscle cells expressing PAX7. Our refined pathway identified novel myopathogenes causing potential Satellite cell-opathies, expanding the current portfolio and knowledge on neuromuscular disorders. It also provides a discovery tool to advance assessment of genotype-phenotype correlation for several orphan diseases with similar clinical features. Understanding the role of satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular diseases will enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, particularly in regenerative therapies. Key Words: Satellite cell-opathies; neuromuscular disorders; regeneration; skeletal muscle, PAX7. References 1. Ganassi M, Muntoni F, Zammit PS. Defining and identifying satellite cell-opathies within muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Exp Cell Res. 2022 Feb 1;411(1):112906. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906. Epub 2021 Nov 3. PMID: 34740639; PMCID: PMC8784828.2. 2. Ganassi M, Zammit PS. Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: Expanding the portfolio of satellite cell-opathies. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Mar 18;32(1):10064. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10064. PMID: 35302338; PMCID: PMC8992676 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 044 Marco Narici, Morphological and Functional Instability of the NMJ with Chronic Inactivity in Humans, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy E-mail: marco.narici@unipd.it Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 045 Reduction of daily steps alters whole body and muscle oxidative metabolisms without affecting mitochondrial dynamics and function Marciano A (1), Sazzi C (1), Brocca L (1), Giusti L (1), Papetti G (1), Fiotti N (5), Biolo (5), Baldassarre G (4), Zuccarelli L (4), Grassi B (4), Porcelli S (1), Pellegrino MA (1,2), Bottinelli R (1,3) 1) Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; (2) Centre for Research in Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; (3) IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; (4) Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; (5) Univ Trieste, ASUGI, Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, Clin Med, Trieste, Italy E-mail: roberto.bottinelli@unipv.it Although there is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction co-occurs with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and may play a causative role in its development, the issue remains controversial1. Physical inactivity is associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Step reduction (SR), a model of mild inactivity, simulates a reduction in daily physical activity and provides a useful model to study such relationships. A total of 30 participants (mean age 23±3 years) underwent a 14-day SR protocol, resulting in an 82% decrease in their average daily steps. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), measured during incremental cycling exercise before and after SR, and muscle oxidative capacity (muscle VO2 off-kinetics) determined by NIRS were reduced post-SR (p=0.022) indicating a decline in whole-body and muscle aerobic function. Blood glucose concentration was unchanged, insulin concentration was higher (p=0.006) and HOME index was higher (p=0.015) following SR, indicating insulin resistance. Vastus lateralis biopsies were collected. Analyses of muscle fibre cross sectional area revealed no significant change following SR. However, there was a shift in muscle fibre type composition, with an increased percentage of type 2A-2X fibres (p<0.05), which is consistent with the SR stimulus. Western blot analyses of protein levels associated with mitochondrial content (TOM 20, Citrate synthase), dynamics (MNF1, MNF2, OPA1, DRP1, FIS1), and biogenesis (PGC1α) indicated no significant changes (p > 0.05), suggesting that mitochondrial integrity was maintained. The results of High-Resolution Respirometry determinations (e.g. LEAK CI, LEAK CI+CII, OXPHOS, ETS CI+CII, ETS CII) were consistent with such findings, demonstrating no changes in maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (p > 0.05). Insulin resistance in vivo prompted the analysis of the basal phosphorylation levels of key insulin signaling molecules (IRS-1, Akt, AS160) and of the GLUT4 protein level. They were unchanged suggesting that the observed decrease in insulin sensitivity occurs without affecting basal insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Present findings indicate that, following mild inactivity, mitochondria are preserved and are not a major determinant of alterations in oxidative metabolism. Other determinants are presumably involved. The lower insulin-sensitivity appeared no to depend on either mitochondrial dysfunction or insulin signalling in basal conditions. Preliminary analyses of microvascular- endothelial function, potentially involved in the latter phenomena, do not show adaptations following SR. Key Words: step reduction; oxidative metabolism; mitochondria; insulin sensitivity. References 1. Genders, A. J., Holloway, G. P. & Bishop, D. J. Are Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria a Cause or Consequence of Insulin Resistance? Int J Mol Sci 21 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186948 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:marco.narici@unipd.it mailto:roberto.bottinelli@unipv.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 046 Oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function: adaptations to disuse in humans Bruno Grassi, Giovanni Baldassarre, Paulo Cesar do Nascimento Salvador, Lucrezia Zuccarelli Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy E-mail: bruno.grassi@uniud.it Skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function represent “the last step” in the long pathway for O2, from ambient air to oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolism is often neglected in studies dealing with the effects of disuse on skeletal muscle, which mainly take into consideration muscle mass and muscle force. This is unfortunate, considering that all activities lasting longer than 1-2 minutes substantially rely on oxidative metabolism for ATP turnover.1-5 The classical functional variable evaluating the maximal performance of oxidative metabolism is the maximal O2 uptake (V̇O2max). Apart from its direct effects on exercise tolerance, a decreased “cardiorespiratory fitness” determined by inactivity/disuse, as identified by the observation of a decreased V̇O2max, is intrinsically associated with profound negative consequences on the general health status of the subjects, comprehending a decreased insulin sensitivity, a “pro- inflammatory” condition, impaired endothelial function, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered function of the neuromuscular junction, altered redox status and increased oxidative stress, etc. A V̇O2max decrease during inactivity/disuse has been described for example in studies in which human subjects are voluntarily put to bed for periods ranging from a few hours to a few months (“bed rest” studies). These studies are of scientific and practical interest also for space agencies, since bed rest simulates on Earth several effects of a reduced gravity (“microgravity”) on body functions. According to Ade et al. (2017)1 impairments of convective (cardiovascular) O2 delivery and peripheral O2 diffusion contribute to the V̇O2max decrease observed during bed rest or actual spaceflights. Pulmonary respiratory function, characterized by ample functional reserves (in healthy subjects and in normoxic conditions) related to respiratory volumes, flows, alveolar-capillary diffusion, flat portion of the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve, etc., does not appear to be relevant in limiting V̇O2max during inactivity and disuse. Microvascular endothelial impairments have been identified even after short bed rest periods (Zuccarelli et al. 2021). The role of muscular/mitochondrial factors in limiting oxidative metabolism in inactivity/disuse is characterized by controversial findings. Recent studies point to a relative “resilience” of mitochondrial function to short periods of inactivity/disuse. Zuccarelli et al. (2021)4 did not observe impairments of mitochondrial respiration, evaluated both ex vivo and in vivo, following 10 days of bed rest in young subjects. Longer periods of bed rest would be needed to determine functional impairments of maximal mitochondrial respiration. Zuccarelli et al. (submitted) observed “positive” effects of a short bed rest on other variables evaluating mitochondrial respiration, in terms of an enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP]. According to Zuccarelli et al. (2021)4 and Baldassarre et al. (2022)3 following relatively short bed rest periods the main impairments to oxidative metabolism would reside “upstream” of mitochondria, at the level of cardiovascular/microvascular/endothelial functions. A short period of inactivity/disuse could have another interesting effect on skeletal muscle and whole-body oxidative metabolism in resting conditions. During 21 days of bed rest in young subjects (Y), and 10 days of bed rest in elderly subjects (E), we recently observed (Baldassarre et al. 2025)5 a substantial decrease in resting muscle V̇O2 (-39% in Y, - 30% in E), estimated by the linear increase in deoxygenated [hemoglobin] and [myoglobin], determined by near-infrared spectroscopy on the vastus lateralis muscle during a transient limb ischemia, obtained by the rapid inflation of a pneumatic cuff at the root of the thigh. The resting muscle V̇O2 decrease, already described in a previous study by our group in young subjects following a 10-day bed rest (Zuccarelli et al. 2021), was accompanied by a decreased whole-body resting energy expenditure (REE), determined by indirect calorimetry. The REE decrease occurred to a similar extent both in Y (-17% over 21 days) and in E (-12% over 10 days). Even by being far less pronounced compared to the typical reduction of REE (>90%) observed in obligate hibernating animals, the observed inactivity-related decrease in resting muscle V̇O2 and REE, possibly aimed at preventing ATP accumulation or excessive ROS production, could mitigate numerous biological and logistic challenges of prolonged spaceflights by lowering rates of crewmember consumable use (food, water, O2) and CO2 production. On the other hand, the inactivity-related decrease in REE would have negative consequences on the health status of subjects, by altering body mass homeostasis and increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Key words: inactivity, microgravity, skeletal muscle, oxidative metabolism, metabolic diseases. References 1. Ade CJ, Broxterman RM, Moore AD, Barstow TJ. Decreases in maximal oxygen uptake following long- duration spaceflight: Role of convective and diffusive O2 transport mechanisms. J. Appl. Physiol. 122: 968- 975, 2017. 2. Baldassarre G, Zuccarelli L, Brocca L, Arboit N, Sanguin G, Gobbo L, Gasparini M, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Bed rest decreases skeletal muscle O2 uptake at rest in young and elderly subjects. 72nd Annual Meeting, American College of Sports Medicine. Atlanta, GA (USA), May 28-31, 2025. 3. Baldassarre G, Zuccarelli L, Manferdelli G, Manfredini V, Marzorati M, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Decrease in work rate in order to keep a constant heart rate: biomarker of exercise intolerance following a 10-day bed rest. J. Appl. Physiol. 132: 1569-1579, 2022. 4. Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B.. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. J. Physiol. 599: 4813-4829, 2021. 5. Zuccarelli L, De Martino M, Filippi A, Knapton AE, Thackray BD, Baldassarre G, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Sirago G, Monti E, Narici M, Isola M, Murray AJ, Lippe G, mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:bruno.grassi@uniud.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Grassi B. Mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP] following bed rest: a novel two-phase approach associated with fiber types. Submitted to J. Cachexia Sarcop. Muscle Fundings Financial support by: Grant PRIN Project 2020EM9A, Italian Ministry of Research; Departmental Strategic Plan (PSD) of the University of Udine-Interdepartmental Project on Healthy Ageing (2020-25) is acknowledged. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 047 Human Motor Unit Remodelling with Chronic Inactivity Giuseppe De Vito, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy E-mail: giuseppe.devito@unipd.it Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 048 Circulating Factors Associated with Extremes of Physical Function in Octogenarians Russell T. Hepple (#,1,2)*, Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien (3), Ruin Moaddel (3), Sally Spendiff (4,5), Norah J. MacMillan (5), Marie-Eve Filion (5), Jose A. Morais (5), Julián Candia (3), Liam F. Fitzgerald (1), Tanja Taivassalo (2), Paul M. Coen (6), Luigi Ferrucci (#,3) (1) Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, FL, USA; (2) Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, FL, USA; (3) Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; (4) Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; (5) Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Canada; (6) Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, FL, USA # Contributed equally E-mail: rthepple@phhp.ufl.edu Physical function declines with aging, yet there is considerable heterogeneity, with some individuals declining very slowly while others experience accelerated functional decline. To gain insight into mechanisms associated with extremes of physical function with aging, we performed proteomics, targeted metabolomics, and targeted kynurenine-focused metabolomic analyses on serum specimens from three groups of octogenarians: high functioning master athletes (HF, n=16), healthy normal functioning non-athletes (NF, n=12) and lower functioning non-athletes (LF, n=11). Higher performance status was associated with a circulating biomarker profile suggesting: lower levels of pro-inflammatory markers, as well as unperturbed tryptophan metabolism, with normal function of the kynurenic pathway; higher circulating levels of lysophosphatidylcholines that have been previously associated with better mitochondrial oxidative capacity; lower activity of the integrated stress response; lower levels of circulating senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) protein members; and lower levels of proteins that reflect neurodegeneration/denervation.1-3 These serum biomarkers in HF parallel our observations in skeletal muscle where we saw higher abundance of KAT3 and KAT4 which metabolize kyurenine into the cytoprotective kynurenic acid, better retention of oxidatively competent muscle fibers and higher abundance of nuclear and mtDNA- encoded mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle of HF (Ubaida-Mohien et al., 2022).3 Notably, many of the changes in serum biomarkers we have previously seen to increase with aging (Tanaka et al., 2018)2 were attenuated in HF participants, suggesting a more favorable aging trajectory in HF individuals. Given the exceptionally high function evident in the HF group (8 were world record holders in their discipline at the time of testing), physical activity alone is unlikely to explain their abilities and an intrinsically slower aging biology trajectory is a tempting explanation. Extending the observations of previous studies focused on biomarkers of aging that predict poor function, our findings show that many of the same biomarkers associated with poor function also change with aging, suggesting poor function may result from exacerbated aging biology. Collectively, our results imply that common mechanisms related to aging biology explain heterogeneity in physical function with aging, consistent with the geroscience hypothesis of aging (Justice et al., 2016).1 Accordingly, our findings support the premise that identifying therapeutic strategies that target fundamental aging biological processes, whilst easier said than done, is a logical strategy to increase the fraction of the lifespan with high function. Because of the cross-sectional nature of this study, our results should be interpreted with caution, and bi- directional causality, where physical activity behavior is both a cause and outcome of differences in the biomarker changes, remains a possible interpretation. Key Words: Aging, biomarkers, physical function, frailty, masters athlete References: 1. Justice, J., Miller, J. D., Newman, J. C., Hashmi, S. K., Halter, J., Austad, S. N., Kirkland, J. L. (2016). Frameworks for Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trials of Interventions That Target Fundamental Aging Processes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 71(11), 1415- 1423. doi:10.1093/gerona/glw126 2. Tanaka, T., Biancotto, A., Moaddel, R., Moore, A. Z., Gonzalez-Freire, M., Aon, M. A., Ferrucci, L. (2018). Plasma proteomic signature of age in healthy humans. Aging Cell, 17(5), e12799. doi:10.1111/acel.12799 3. Ubaida-Mohien, C., Spendiff, S., Lyashkov, A., Moaddel, R., MacMillan, N. J., Filion, M. E., Hepple, R. T. (2022). Unbiased proteomics, histochemistry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number reveal better mitochondrial health in muscle of high functioning octogenarians. Elife, 11, e74335. doi:10.7554/eLife.74335 mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:giuseppe.devito@unipd.it mailto:rthepple@phhp.ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 049 A transcriptomic and spatial proteomic atlas of human aging and sarcopenia Elena Monti (1), Fabio Sarto (2), Colin Holbrook (1), Kaitlin Jeuris (1), Maximilian Haist (1), Matteo Paganini (2), Ari Arias (1), Kelly Li (1), Yuqi Tan (1), Yuri Goltsev (1), Stuart Goodman (3), Kassie Koleckar (1), Minas Nalbandian (1), Ireh Kim (1), Marco V. Narici (2), Helen M. Blau (1) (1) Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University (U.S.); (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, of the University of Padua, Padua (Italy); (3) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University (U.S.) E-mail: elemonti@stanford.edu Background: Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenia is the clinical manifestation of the extreme age-related muscle atrophy and weakness and affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Severe consequences of sarcopenia include increased frailty and reduction in ability to perform basic life functions, leading to higher risk of falls, increased healthcare costs, institutionalization, and mortality risk. Diagnosing and treating sarcopenia is challenging because of the complex pathophysiology of sarcopenia, which is a multifactorial syndrome. Current research lacks comprehensive studies investigating the mechanisms involved in sarcopenia development and progression in humans, which hinder the ability to identify biomarkers for its diagnosis and effective drugs to slow down its progression. We hypothesize that sarcopenia is associated with neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and mitochondrial impairment, an increase in inflammation and fibrosis, as well as alterations in muscle tissue architecture and cell-to- cell communication. Relative to inflammation, our lab has shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a metabolite part of the body’s natural healing mechanism, is important for muscle stem cells activation upon injury1. We also showed that PGE2 degrading enzyme 15-PGDH is elevated and plays a role in murine muscle atrophy, and its inhibition enhances muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance in old mice by improving mitochondrial function and promoting NMJ reinnervation through the elevation of PGE22,3. The present study aims to (1) comprehensively characterize the features of sarcopenia in human skeletal muscles by employing unbiased single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNASeq) and multiplex-imaging spatial proteomics (CODEX) and (2) identify 15-PGDH as a potential biomarker for early detection of sarcopenia in human patients and explore therapeutic strategies for counteracting muscle atrophy and weakness in sarcopenic patients. Methods. 67 patients were recruited, including 15 young (18-35 years old) and 52 aged (>70 years old). Aged individuals were further categorized as non-sarcopenic and sarcopenic basing on DEXA and functional tests, in accordance with the most updated clinical guidelines. Vastus Lateralis muscle biopsies were collected and processed using snRNASeq and CODEX spatial proteomics technologies, with the aim to generate a transcriptomic and spatial proteomic atlas of human aging and sarcopenia, encompassing changes in muscle cell type composition and spatial interaction and changes in gene and protein expression. Western blot analyses were used to confirm changes in mitochondrial protein concentration and 15- PGDH. After stratifying old patients basing on DEXA and functional tests, the following categories were generated: young (Y), non-sarcopenic (NS, age range 70-74 years old), non-sarcopenic aged matched (NSAM, age 74+ years old) and sarcopenic (S, age 74+ years old). Analyses of snRNAseq and CODEX showed changes in the cell populations within the muscle of young and old patients. We observed an increase in macrophages as well as inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cell populations which infilitrate the aged and, in particular, the sarcopenic muscle. We defined novel gene signatures for these inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cells that are specific to sarcopenia. The prevalence of NCAM+ fibers, an indirect sign of denervation, and the number of denervated nuclei, were both increased in S patients compared to other groups. The snRNAseq also revealed alterations in mitochondria-related genes, a reduction in the mitochondria complexes, dynamics and mitophagy, suggesting important impairment of these organelles. These changes were confirmed by western blot. Spatial proteomics revealed changes in cell-cell interaction within the aged muscle tissues compared to young. 15- PGDH transcript and protein expression measured by western blot were increased selectively in S versus all the other categories, and correlated with measures of muscle function and mass, suggesting 15-PGDH may be a suitable biomarker to identify sarcopenic muscles. In conclusion, 15- PGDH may represent a suitable biomarker to identify sarcopenic muscles. Our hypotheses of an overall change in muscle cell composition and spatial reorganization, alterations in innervation, mitochondria biogenesis and dynamics, increased fibrosis and inflammation support the existing literature and expand animal and human findings to a rigorously classified sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic and young population. Establishing a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and identifying specific biomarkers of sarcopenia is key for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which would improve patient quality of life and provide economic benefit by reducing healthcare costs. Key words: sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, human neuromuscular system, omics, biomarker. References 1. Ho ATV, Palla AR, Blake MR, Yucel ND, Wang YX, Magnusson KEG et al. Prostaglandin E2 is essential for efficacious skeletal muscle stem-cell function, augmenting regeneration & strength. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017;114:6675–6684. 2. Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P et al. Inhibition of prostaglandin- degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength. Science 2021;371 3. Bakooshli MA, Wang YX, Monti E, Su S, Kraft P, Nalbandian M et al. Regeneration of neuromuscular synapses after acute and chronic denervation by inhibiting the gerozyme 15-prostaglandin mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:elemonti@stanford.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it dehydrogenase. Sci Transl Med 2023. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 050 Muscle Gene Expression and Physiological Adaptations to Overloading Following Disuse in Humans Martino Franchi, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova University, Italy E-mail: martino.franchi@unipd.it Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 051 Adaptation of the Muscle Extracellular Matrix to Contracture due to Cerebral Palsy Richard L. Lieber (1,2,3), Jan Fridén (4) (1) Northwestern University, Chicago USA; (2) Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago USA; (3) Hines VA Medical Center, Chicago USA. (4) Swiss Paraplegic Center Nottwil, Switzerland; E-mail: richard.lieber@northwestern.edu Spasticity, secondary to upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion, can result in muscle contractures. We have studied the mechanics and biology of muscle from children with wrist flexion contractures secondary to cerebral palsy (CP). One of the most dramatic and unexpected structural changes observed in these children is the dramatically increased sarcomere length relative to patients without upper motor neuron lesions.1. This has been observed both in upper and lower extremities.2,3 This result suggests dramatic alterations in the regulation of muscle growth in these children. Biomechanical studies of isolated single muscle cells reveal a slightly increased passive modulus,4 but a very large change in the amount and quality of extracellular matrix.5 The dramatic alterations in mechanical properties are associated with significant changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In three of the four muscles studied, the modulus (normalized stiffness) of fiber bundles of CP patients’ muscles were greater than muscles from typically developing children (TD; Fig. 25A). Paradoxically, the increase in stiffness was accompanied by an increase in titin isoform size (Fig. 25B) which was negatively correlated with stiffness (Fig. 25C). A separate experiment in mouse EDL muscles also demonstrated a significant mechanical effect of the ECM over the simple increase in force measured with increased number of fibers (Fig. 25D). A mechanistic explanation for how an UMN lesion results in these dramatic muscle changes is not currently available. Expression profiling reveals that a number of active “conflicting” biological pathways in spastic muscle. There is activation of growth and growth inhibition pathways. Additionally, CP muscle adapts by altering processes related to extracellular matrix production, fiber type determination, fiber hypertrophy and myogenesis. We also obtained evidence that calcium handling is altered secondary to cerebral palsy and may be a significant component of this disease. These transcriptional adaptations were not characteristic of muscle adaptations observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy or limb immobilization. We hypothesize that CP muscles have difficulty growing and lengthening with increased bone length as is observed in most mammalian muscles.8,9 Importantly, we have also measured a loss in the number of satellite cells that are located throughout CP muscle.10,11 The remaining satellite cells have epigenetic changes that may influence our ability to rehabilitate these muscles using traditonal therapeutic methods.12 The specific pathways disrupted in these cells in culture imply premature senescence of muscle satellite cells due to DNA hypermethylation, as is common for some pediatric cancers.13 One anti-cancer drug, 5-azacytizine can demethylate CP muscle satellite cells in culture and restore Fig 25. Passive biomechanical properties of muscle specimens are altered in contractures because of cerebral palsy (CP) compared with typically developing (TD) muscle. (A) bundle modulus measured in vitro from intraoperative muscle biopsies (B) titin molecular mass measured using specialized electrophoresis (note expanded vertical scale). (C) in the gracilis muscle, linear regression reveals a weak correlation between muscle fiber stiffness and titin molecular mass (r2=0.3) that is not significant (P>0.2). This was typical for all muscles tested, suggesting that, titin mass is not a major determinant of fiber stiffness in humans. (D) modulus of three different specimen types from the mouse EDL muscle clearly demonstrates that the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix, present in fiber bundles only, bears most of the tensile load. (Data represent mean±SE, n=6 –10/group.) mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:martino.franchi@unipd.it mailto:richard.lieber@northwestern.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it their normal division time and ability to fuse into large myotubes. These results support the notion that, while spasticity is multifactorial and neural in origin, significant structural and biological alterations in muscle occur. An understanding of the changes that occur in the muscle and extracellular matrix may facilitate development of new conservative or surgical therapies for this devastating problem. Key words: Spasticity, cerebral palsy, contracture, stiffness, extracellular matrix. References 1. Lieber RL, Fridén J. Spasticity causes a fundamental rearrangement of muscle-joint interaction. Muscle & Nerve. 2002;25:265-70. 2. Smith LR, Lee KS, Ward SR, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. Hamstring contractures in children with spastic cerebral palsy result from a stiffer extracellular matrix and increased in vivo sarcomere length. J Physiol. 2011;589(Pt 10):2625-39. 3. Mathewson MA, Ward SR, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. High resolution muscle measurements provide insights into equinus contractures in patients with cerebral palsy. J Orthop Res. 2015;33(1):33-9. 4. Fridén J, Lieber RL. Spastic muscle cells are shorter and stiffer than normal cells. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27(2):157- 64. 5. Lieber RL, Runesson E, Einarsson F, Fridén J. Inferior mechanical properties of spastic muscle bundles due to hypertrophic but compromised extracellular matrix material. Muscle & Nerve. 2003;28:464-71. 6. Smith LR, Ponten E, Hedstrom Y, Ward SR, Chambers HG, Subramaniam S, et al. Novel transcriptional profile in wrist muscles from cerebral palsy patients. BMC Med Genomics. 2009;2:44. 7. Smith LR, Chambers HG, Subramaniam S, Lieber RL. Transcriptional abnormalities of hamstring muscle contractures in children with cerebral palsy. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e40686. 8. Williams PE, Goldspink G. Longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibres. Journal of Cell Science. 1971;9:751-67. 9. Williams P, Goldspink G. The effect of immobilization on the longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibers. Journal of Anatomy. 1973;116:45-55. 10. Dayanidhi S, Dykstra PB, Lyubasyuk V, McKay BR, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. Reduced satellite cell number in situ in muscular contractures from children with cerebral palsy. J Orthop Res. 2015;33(7):1039-45. 11. Smith LR, Chambers HG, Lieber RL. Reduced satellite cell population may lead to contractures in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(3):264- 70. 12. Domenighetti AA, Mathewson MA, Pichika R, Sibley LA, Zhao L, Chambers HG, et al. Loss of myogenic potential and fusion capacity of muscle stem cells isolated from contractured muscle in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2018;315(2):C247-C57. 13. Sibley LA, Broda N, Gross WR, Menezes AF, Embry RB, Swaroop VT, et al. Differential DNA methylation and transcriptional signatures characterize impairment of muscle stem cells in pediatric human muscle contractures after brain injury. FASEB J. 2021;35(10):e21928. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 052 Loss of Calpain 3 perturbs junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein stability at rest and following exercise Elisabeth Barton (1,2), Katelyn Villani (1,2). (1) Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance; (2) Myology Institute; University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA E-mail: erbarton@ufl.edu Healthy skeletal muscle can undergo structural remodeling following exercise to ensure that intracellular calcium stores and force generation capacity are maintained. This includes T-tubule elongation and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) formation of flat, parallel stacks to form Calcium Entry Units (CEUs) that enable Store Operated Calcium Entry Fig 26. Sucrose gradient SR protein enrichment. Pooled muscles from N=3 mice were utilized for discontinuous sucrose gradients to enrich for SR proteins. A. Immunoblotting for STIM1 shows Fraction (F) 4 has highest levels without myosin contamination (by Coomassie staining) compared to pellets (P), supernatants (S) or whole lysates (WT, KO). B. Bland-Altman plot of Abundance for LC/MS/MS of F4 from WT and C3KO samples. Red points indicate significant differences between +/- exercise. Calumenin (C) has exercise and strain dependence. SARAF (D) is lower in C3KO. *, p<.05, **, p<.01, ***, p<.001, 2- way ANOVA & Tukey post-hoc test. N=3 samples per condition, muscles from N=3 mice per sample. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:erbarton@ufl.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it (SOCE) and underly functional benefits. Muscles from Calpain-3 knockout (C3KO) mice exhibit heightened CEUs at rest, which decrease in abundance after treadmill running.1 It is unknown which proteins regulate remodeling in healthy skeletal muscle and if and/or how they are affected with loss of CAPN3. Here, we used discontinuous density sucrose gradients to enrich for the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (Figure 26) and utilized liquid chromatography, mass-spectrometry (LC/MS) aimed to identify proteins involved in the remodeling in WT and C3KO mice.2 LC/MS revealed numerous junctional SR proteins that differ after exercise or loss of CAPN3. Among these hits were proteins involved in either Ca2+ regulation and/or SR/ER stabilization, including store-operated Ca2+ entry regulatory associated factor (SARAF), calumenin, TMCO1, and lunapark.3-5 Their protein abundance altered with either exercise, loss of CAPN3, or both. This study provides insight into regulators of healthy skeletal muscle’s exercise response to exercise and a new understanding of proteins affected by loss of CAPN3. Key words: Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy; Calpain 3, Store-operated calcium entry; proteomics References 1. Villani KR, Zhong R, Henley-Beasley CS, Rastelli G, Harris E, Boncompagni S, Barton ER, Wei-LaPierre L. Loss of Calpain 3 dysregulates store-operated calcium entry and its exercise response in mice. FASEB J. 2024 Jul 31;38(14):e23825. doi: 10.1096/fj.202400697R. PMID: 39031532; PMCID: PMC11299996. 2. Saito A, Seiler S, Chu A, Fleischer S. Preparation and morphology of sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae from rabbit skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol. 1984 Sep;99(3):875-85. doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.3.875. PMID: 6147356; PMCID: PMC2113387. 3. Palty R, Raveh A, Kaminsky I, Meller R, Reuveny E. SARAF inactivates the store operated calcium entry machinery to prevent excess calcium refilling. Cell. 2012 Apr 13;149(2):425-38. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.055. Epub 2012 Mar 29. PMID: 22464749. 4. Mazzorana M, Hussain R, Sorensen T. Ca-Dependent Folding of Human Calumenin. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 18;11(3):e0151547. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151547. PMID: 26991433; PMCID: PMC4798761. 5. Wang QC, Zheng Q, Tan H, Zhang B, Li X, Yang Y, Yu J, Liu Y, Chai H, Wang X, Sun Z, Wang JQ, Zhu S, Wang F, Yang M, Guo C, Wang H, Zheng Q, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhou A, Tang TS. TMCO1 Is an ER Ca(2+) Load- Activated Ca(2+) Channel. Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1454-1466. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.051. Epub 2016 May 19. PMID: 27212239. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 053 Over-Expression of the HERG1A potassium channel in C2C12 myotubes modulates sodium current amplitude, but not SCN4A gene expression Amber L. Pond (1), Shalini Guha (1), Gregory H. Hockerman (2). (1) Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL; (2) Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. E-mail: apond@siumed.edu Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by loss of muscle size and strength, resulting from imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation.1 It is also reported that fast sodium current increases in atrophic muscle, potentially reducing resistance to muscle fatigue.2 The HERG1A K+ channel is upregulated in mouse skeletal muscle atrophying in response to denervation, disuse, and cancer cachexia. Over-expression of this channel increases both ubiquitin proteasome proteolysis and calpain activity with a concurrent decline in both mouse muscle fiber cross- sectional area and cultured C2C12 myotube area.3,4 Fig 27. HERG1A Expression increases sodium current in C2C12 myotubes. A: Example current traces recorded in bath solution containing both 140 mM Na+ and 10 mM Ba2+. Traces were elicited by stepping to 10 mV from -80 mV for 250 msec. Note the fast Nav current and the slow Cav (L-type) Ba2+ current. B) Peak Na+ currents were normalized to peak Ba2+ current in myotubes transduced with GFP or HERG1A. HERG1A expression increased the peak Na+ current a significant ~64% (p<0.05) relative to the peak Ba2+ current. C,D) Fast Na+ currents were blocked by 1 µM tetrodotoxin in both GFP (C) and HERG1A (D) transduced myotubes. E) Fast Na+ currents were inhibited by a 20 msec conditioning pulse to -50 mV. Both traces were recorded from the same myotube expressing HERG1A. These data strongly suggest that the source of the HERG1A-enhanced sodium current is the Nav1.4 sodium channel. F) Removing Na+ from the bath solution eliminates the fast Na+ current, demonstrating the current is indeed sodium flux. Traces were recorded as described for panel A except the bath solution contained no Na+. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:apond@siumed.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Here, we report that our laboratory has also observed a significant ~64% (p<0.05) elevation of fast sodium current amplitude in C2C12 myotubes overexpressing HERG1A (Figure 27). We hypothesized that this enhanced sodium current possibly results from modulation of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated Nav1.4 channel. Here, using electrophysiology, we show that the increased fast Na+ current was blocked by 1 µM tetrodotoxin and inhibited by a 20 msec conditioning pulse to -50 mV in HERG1A- overexpressing myotubes, which strongly suggests that the source of the HERG1A-enhanced sodium current is the Nav1.4 sodium channel (Figure 27). However, it is not clear how this channel is being modulated. Thus, we performed RT-qPCR to determine if adenovirus induced HERG1A over-expression modulates Nav1.4 gene expression levels. The data reveal that there is no statistically significant difference in expression of the SCN4A gene (encoding the skeletal muscle Nav1.4 channel) in cells overexpressing HERG1A compared to control cells at 48, 96, and 144 hours post transduction. Nor is there any significant difference in expression of the SCN5A gene (which encodes the primarily cardiac Nav1.5 sodium channel but is reported to be upregulated in denervated muscle).5 This demonstrates that HERG1A over-expression is not affecting expression of the SCN4A or SCN5A genes. In summary, our work shows that HERG1A over-expression increases the amplitude of the Nav1.4 channel current in myotubes, but likely does not do so through modulation of SCN4A (or SCN5A) gene expression. However, it is also feasible that HERG1A modulates Nav1.4 channel protein abundance and/or channel kinetics. For future work, we will investigate the effect of HERG1A over-expression on Nav1.4 protein abundance. We will also study the effect of HERG1A on Nav1.4 channel kinetics. Our work highlights the possible involvement of HERG1A K+ channels in regulation of sodium channels in myotubes. We intend that further work will aid development of novel therapies designed to combating muscle wasting disorders like denervation atrophy. Key words: HERG1A (ether-a-gogo related gene); SCN4A and SCN5A sodium channel genes; cultured skeletal muscle cells; muscle atrophy References 1. Sartori R, Romanello V, Sandri M. Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: implications in health and disease. Nature Communications 2021;12:330. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20123-1. 2. Desaphy J-F, Pierno S, Leoty C, George AL, De Luca A, Conte Camerino D. Skeletal muscle disuse induces fibre type dependent enhancement of Na+ channel expression. Brain. 2001;124:1100-1113. 3. Wang X, Hockerman GH, Green 3rd HW, Babbs CF, Mohammad SI, Gerrard D, Latour MA, London B, Hannon KM, Pond AL. Merg1a K+ channel induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. FASEB J 2006;20(9):1531-3. 4. Whitmore C, Pratt E, Anderson LB, Bradley K, Latour SM, Hashmi MN, Urazaev AK, Weilbacher R, Davie JK, Wang W-H, Hockerman GH, Pond AL. The ERG1A potassium channel increases basal intracellular calcium concentration and calpain activity in skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal Muscle. 2020;10:1-15. doi.org/10.1186/s13395-019-0220-3. 5. Sekiguchi K, Kanda F, Mitsui S, Kohara N, Chicara K. Fibrillation potentials of denervated rat skeletal muscle are associated with expression of cardiac-type voltage- gated sodium channel isoform Nav1.5. 2012;123(8):1650-1655. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 054 Nerve activity inhibits mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis in skeletal muscle Ana Georgia Dumitras (1,2), Giorgia Piccoli (1,2), Frederik Tellkamp (3), Lena Keufgens (3), Martina Baraldo (1,2), Sabrina Zorzato (1,2), Laura Cussonneau (1,2), Leonardo Nogara (1,2,4), Marcus Krüger (3)*, Bert Blaauw (1,2)* *Contributed equally (1) Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; (2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, 35137, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (3) Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (4) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 35137, University of Padova, Padova, Italy E-mail: bert.blaauw@unipd.it Skeletal muscle can be classified based on their metabolism, distinguishing between glycolytic and more oxidative muscle fibers. It is well known that these different fiber types have different susceptibilities to various muscle wasting stimuli, however, due to lack of experimental models measuring protein synthesis, which are the intracellular signaling pathways regulating this fiber type specific muscle trophism is not known. Here, we have generated a new mouse model, which allows us to label specifically muscle proteins by overexpressing a mutated tRNA synthetase only in muscle fibers. Interestingly, using this mouse model, we observe that loss of muscle activity by Figure 28. In accordance with an inhibitory role for contractile activity, genetic deletion of the mTORC1 scaffold protein Raptor leads to loss of labelling in glycolytic muscle fibers, where basal mTORC1 inhibition by nerve activity is very low. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:bert.blaauw@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it denervation induces a strong increase of protein labelling in oxidative, mitochondria-rich, muscle fibers. Mass spectrometry analysis of labelled proteins and treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin shows this increased protein labelling requires increased activation of mTORC1. In accordance with an inhibitory role for contractile activity, genetic deletion of the mTORC1 scaffold protein Raptor leads to loss of labelling in glycolytic muscle fibers, where basal mTORC1 inhibition by nerve activity is very low (Figure 28). On the contrary, increased activity leads to an acute reduction in protein synthesis, which is accompanied by reduced mTORC1 signaling, glycogen depletion and increased AMPK activation. Overall, our results identify nerve activity as an inhibitory signal upstream of mTORC1- dependent protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, improving the understanding of the fiber type specific response to exercise or in certain pathological situations. Key Words: Nerve activity, mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis; skeletal muscle. References 1. Baraldo M, Tchampda Dondjang AH, Geremia A, Nogara L, Dumitras GA, Zorzato S, Canato M, Marcucci L, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Inducible deletion of Raptor and mTOR from adult skeletal muscle impairs muscle contractility and relaxation. Journal of Physiology, 2022, 600 (23), 5055-5075 2. Geremia A, Sartori R, Baraldo M, Nogara L, Balmaceda V, Dumitras GA, Ciciliot S, Scalabrin M, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Activation of Akt-mTORC1 signaling reverts cancer-dependent muscle wasting. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2022 Feb;13(1):648-661 3. Marabita M, Baraldo M, Solagna F, Ceelen JJM, Sartori R, Nolte H, Nemazanyy I, Pyronnet S, Kruger M, Pende M, Blaauw B. S6K1 is required for increasing skeletal muscle force during hypertrophy, Cell Reports, 2016 Oct 4;17(2):501-513. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 055 Reduced ATP turnover during hibernation in relaxed skeletal muscle of brown bear Leonardo Nogara Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy E-mail: leonardo.nogara@unipd.it Hibernating brown bears experience a significant reduction in metabolic rate, resulting in only moderate muscle wasting (Figure 29). In this study, we investigate whether the ATPase activity of resting skeletal muscle myosin plays a role in this energy conservation. By analyzing single muscle fibers from the same bears during both hibernation and summer, we observe that fibers from hibernating bears exhibit a slight decrease in force production alongside a substantial reduction in ATPase activity. Proteomic analyses of single fibers, along with western blotting and immunohistochemical studies, reveal significant remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome during hibernation. Additionally, bioinformatics and western blotting indicate that phosphorylated myosin light chain—a known enhancer of basal myosin ATPase activity—is reduced in both hibernating and disused muscles. These findings suggest that skeletal muscle minimizes energy expenditure by decreasing myosin ATPase activity, highlighting the potential for modulating this activity in various muscle wasting conditions. In our study, we obtained biopsies from active and hibernating bears to investigate the possible contribution of the myosin super relaxed state to the energy-saving mechanisms during winter. Our results confirmed the reduced number of mitochondria and the limited loss of skeletal muscle contractile force during hibernation, as previously shown. Additionally, we found that skinned muscle fibers from hibernating animals exhibit slower ATP turnover and a more stable myosin super relaxed state. These differences correlate with the reduced abundance and activity of myosin light chain kinase 2 (MYLK2), the kinase associated with myosin SRX stability, in winter samples compared to active animals during summer. In summary, our paper supports the idea that myosin futile energy consumption and the stability of the super relaxed state contribute to the energy-saving mechanisms activated during hibernation in large mammals. Key Words: skeletal muscle; myosin; hibernation; super relaxed state; myosin light chain kinase 2 (MYLK2). References 1. Toien, O. et al. Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature. Science 331, 906–909 (2011). 2. Bertile, F., Habold, C., Le Maho, Y. & Giroud, S. Body protein sparing in hibernators: a source for biomedical innovation. Front Physiol. 12, 634953 (2021). 3. Sarto, F. et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity: Insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues. Acta Physiol. 238, e13986 (2023). 4. Stewart, M. A., Franks-Skiba, K., Chen, S. & Cooke, R. Fig. 29. Bears undergoing hibernation do not eat, drink, or engage in sustained physical exercise for several months; nevertheless, they retain muscle mass by prioritizing adipose tissue as an energy source through metabolic conversion. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:leonardo.nogara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Myosin ATP turnover rate is a mechanism involved in thermogenesis in resting skeletal muscle fibers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 430–435 (2010). 5. Nag, S. & Trivedi, D.V. To lie or not to lie: Super- relaxing with myosins. eLife 10, e63703 (2021). 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 056 Exercise-driven remodeling of Mitochondria and Sarcotubular System: a muscle strategy to improve function and resistance to fatigue. Feliciano Protasi CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Dept. of Medicine and Aging Sciences; Univ. G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: feliciano.protasi@unich.it Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell (the sites of cellular respiration) and their activity is controlled by Ca2+ entry in the mitochondrial matrix. Ca2+ ions are provided by Ca2+ release units (also known as triads) during excitation- contraction (EC) coupling and supplemented by store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) during repetitive and prolonged muscle activity (see Figure 30). In 2009 we demonstrated that triads and mitochondria are closely associated at the I band of sarcomeres in adult muscle (Boncompagni et al. 2009).1 A few year later, we identified junctions between sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and transverse tubules (TTs) (together the sarcotubular system) (Boncompagni et al. 2017).2 These newly identified junctions were named Ca2+ entry units (CEUs) as we demonstrated that they are the sites of SOCE (Michelucci et al. 2019).3 In the past 15 years, we have collected several lines of evidence demonstrating that: i) reduced muscle activity results in loss of proper association between mitochondria and triads and reduced presence of CEUs (Zampieri et al. 2015; Boncompagni et al. 2021)4,5; ii) regular exercise improves disposition and association between triads and mitochondria and maintenance of CEUs (Zampieri et al. 2015; Boncompagni et al. 2021) 4,5; iii) acute exercise triggers remodeling of the sarcotubular system at the I band to promote increase in size/number of CEUs, hence boost SOCE and sustain contractility during repetitive muscle contractions (Boncompagni et al. 2017).2 Long-term (during training) and short-term (triggered even by a single bout of exercise) plasticity of mitochondria and sarcotubular system are likely strategies of muscle fibers aiming to improve resistance to fatigue during prolonged and repetitive activity. Key words: mitochondria; sarcotubular system; excitation- contraction coupling; store operated Ca2+ entry. References: 1. Boncompagni, S., A. E. Rossi, M. Micaroni, G. V. Beznoussenko, R. S. Polishchuk, R. T. Dirksen, and F. Protasi. 2009. Mitochondria are linked to calcium stores in striated muscle by developmentally regulated tethering structures. Mol. Biol. Cell. 20:1058-1067. 2. Boncompagni, S., A. Michelucci, L. Pietrangelo, R. T. Dirksen, and F. Protasi. 2017. Exercise-dependent formation of new junctions that promote STIM1-Orai1 assembly in skeletal muscle Scientific Reports. 7(1):14286. 3. Michelucci, A., S. Boncompagni, L. Pietrangelo, M. García-Castañeda, T. Takano, S. Malik, R.T. Dirksen, and F. Protasi. 2019. Transverse tubule remodeling enhances Orai1-dependent Ca2+ entry in skeletal muscle. eLife. 8.e47576. 4. Zampieri, S., L. Pietrangelo, S. Loefler, H. Fruhmann, M. Vogelauer, S. Burggraf, A. Pond, M. Grim-Stieger, J. Cvecka, M. Sedliak, V. Tirpakova, W. Mayr, N. Sarabon, K. Rossini, L. Barberi, M. De Rossi, V. Romanello, S. Boncompagni, A. Musarò, M. Sandri, F. Protasi, U. Carraro, and H. Kern. 2015. Lifelong physical exercise delays age-associated skeletal muscle decline. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. 70:163-73 5. Boncompagni, S., C. Pecorai, A. Michelucci, L. Pietrangelo, F. Protasi. 2021. Long-term exercise reduces formation of Tubular Aggregates and promotes maintenance of Ca2+ Entry Units in aged muscle. Front. Physiol. 11:601057. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 Fig 30. Schematic representation of Ca2+ handling in muscle. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:feliciano.protasi@unich.it https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032478834&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=2dc4a4536916231f8cf32d0060eefcf3&sot=autdocs&sdt=autdocs&sl=17&s=AU-ID%286701403756%29&relpos=0&citeCnt=0&searchTerm= https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032478834&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=2dc4a4536916231f8cf32d0060eefcf3&sot=autdocs&sdt=autdocs&sl=17&s=AU-ID%286701403756%29&relpos=0&citeCnt=0&searchTerm= https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032478834&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=2dc4a4536916231f8cf32d0060eefcf3&sot=autdocs&sdt=autdocs&sl=17&s=AU-ID%286701403756%29&relpos=0&citeCnt=0&searchTerm= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31657717 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31657717 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469430/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469430/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33469430/ European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 057 Extracellular matrix alteration and force transmission in older humans: A finite element analysis Lorenzo Marcucci (1), Silvia Spadoni (2), Silvia Todros (2), Carlo Reggiani (1), Piero G. Pavan (2,3) (1) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova; (2) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova; (3) Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy. E-mail: lorenzo.marcucci@unipd.it Aging is associated with a decline in muscle performance, characterized by a disproportionate loss of muscle force compared to muscle mass.1 This study aims to numerically investigate the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lateral transmission of force in humans and to evaluate how age-related ECM modifications contribute to the loss of transmitted force. Finite element models of muscle bundles were developed from data for young and elderly human subjects,2 considering a small number of muscle fibers connected through an ECM layer. The active behavior of muscle fibers was described using a three-element-based Hill model, while the ECM was represented with an isotropic hyperelastic neo-Hookean constitutive formulation. Numerical analyses were performed to replicate, at the bundle scale, two experimental protocols reported in the literature.3,4 The results reveal a significant reduction in the total transmitted force in elderly subjects compared to young ones. Specifically, elderly subjects exhibited a 22% loss in transmitted force, compared to only 7.5% in young subjects. These findings align with literature on animal models, which report reductions in the range of 20–34%. The observed decrease in transmitted force can be attributed to the impaired lateral force transmission mechanism in elderly subjects, caused by a reduction in ECM shear stiffness related to its increased thickness. This computational modeling approach highlights how the age- related increase in ECM thickness between fibers negatively impacts the lateral transmission of force at the bundle level. The results suggest that the increased ECM thickness associated with aging is sufficient to explain the observed reduction in total transmitted force, emphasizing the critical role of ECM alterations in muscle weakness during aging. Key words: extra-cellular matrix, lateral force transmission, aging, finite element models References: 1. Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Schwartz AV, Simonsick EM, Tylavsky FA, Visser M, Newman AB. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 Oct;61(10):1059-64. doi: 10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059. PMID: 17077199. 2. Pavan P, Monti E, Bondí M, Fan C, Stecco C, Narici M, Reggiani C, Marcucci L. Alterations of Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties Contribute to Age- Related Functional Impairment of Human Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 2;21(11):3992. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21113992. PMID: 32498422; PMCID: PMC7312402. 3. Huijing PA, Baan GC, Rebel GT. Non-myotendinous force transmission in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. J Exp Biol. 1998 Mar;201(Pt 5):683-91. PMID: 9542151. 4. Ramaswamy KS, Palmer ML, van der Meulen JH, Renoux A, Kostrominova TY, Michele DE, Faulkner JA. Lateral transmission of force is impaired in skeletal muscles of dystrophic mice and very old rats. J Physiol. 2011 Mar 1;589(Pt 5):1195-208. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201921. Epub 2011 Jan 10. PMID: 21224224; PMCID: PMC3060596. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 058 How does the acute response to exercise depend on prior activity? Jack Edmondson (1), Connor Stead (1), Mark Viggars (2,3), Hazel Sutherland (1), Daniel Owens (1), Jatin Burniston (1), Jonathan Jarvis (1) (1) Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, University, Liverpool, UK; (2) Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; (3)Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States. E-mail: J.C.Jarvis@ljmu.ac.uk We used the Spillover electrical stimulation model to activate the common peroneal and tibial nerves in rats to provide programmed resistance training (PRT) with antagonistic interaction of concentric and eccentric contractions in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.1,2 A contralateral design was used, with the left leg as the exercised limb and the right leg as the control. Data was collected from a sham group and two 30-day experimental groups: 24h Recovery, in which exercise occurred daily with a 24h recovery period, and 72h Recovery, in which exercise occurred every three days after stimulation with a 72h recovery period. We examined the acute transcriptional response in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle one-hour post- exercise and its relationship with proteomic adaptations in the same muscles following these 30 days of RT. The mean TA wet muscle mass increased in both experimental groups, while the sham group showed no change between stimulated and control limbs. Acute transcriptional responses and proteomic adaptations differed between groups. The 72h recovery group had 464 unique differentially expressed genes, while 337 genes were shared irrespective of training recovery time, and 275 genes were specific to the 24h Recovery group. Protein analysis identified two distinct clusters: 38 proteins were more responsive to 72h Recovery, while 140 proteins responded more to 24h Recovery. The cluster of 38 proteins contained proteins associated with muscle growth and regeneration, whereas the cluster of 140 proteins contained proteins related to metabolic enzymes and mitochondrial proteins. Figure 31 is a heatmap illustrating differences in protein abundance after PRT with 24h or 72h recovery periods. The abundance profile of 993 proteins was compared between the two recovery groups mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:lorenzo.marcucci@unipd.it mailto:J.C.Jarvis@ljmu.ac.uk European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it using a two-way ANOVA. A Log₂ fold-change heatmap highlights 178 proteins that showed significant interaction (recovery × stimulation) effects between recovery time and stimulation (P < 0.1). We provide evidence that muscle growth can be accompanied by differential adaptations in muscle phenotype, depending on the manipulation of training volume and frequency (Figure 30). Although similar increases in hypertrophy are observed, differences at the molecular level suggest distinct physiological pathways underlying these adaptations. This aligns with findings that increasing the frequency of resistance training frequency may not significantly impact muscle growth above a certain threshold.3 Others have suggested that optimal volume and frequency interactions are muscle-dependent.4 Our data validates PRT as a valuable tool for investigating the response to acute and chronic RT, as it enables precise, mechanistically driven research into how training volume and frequency shape muscle adaptation beyond just hypertrophy. This has broad implications for understanding how resistance training can be optimised at both molecular and physiological levels. Keywords: Programmed Resistance Training (PRT); Muscle Adaptation; Transcriptional and Proteomic Response; Training Volume and Frequency; Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. References 1. Schmoll M, Unger E, Sutherland H, Haller M, Bijak M, Lanmüller H, et al. SpillOver stimulation: A novel hypertrophy model using co-contraction of the plantar- flexors to load the tibial anterior muscle in rats. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207886. 2. Viggars MR, Sutherland H, Lanmüller H, Schmoll M, Bijak M, Jarvis JC. Adaptation of the transcriptional response to resistance exercise over 4 weeks of daily training. The FASEB Journal. 2023;37(1). 3. Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(11):1286-95. 4. Baz-Valle E, Balsalobre-Fernández C, Alix-Fages C, Santos-Concejero J. A Systematic Review of The Effects of Different Resistance Training Volumes on Muscle Hypertrophy. J Hum Kinet. 2022;81:199-210. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 059 Plasma and Salivary Irisin Response to Resistance Training: A Comparative Study Luigi Marano (1,2), Sara Missaglia (1,2), Eleonora Martegani (1,2), Chiara Tremolada (3) Alvaro Mordente (1,4), Daniela Tavian (1,2), Ferdinando Cereda (5). (1) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (2) Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (3) Bachelor's Degree in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (4) Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; (5) Department of Education, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy. E-mail: luigi.marano@unicatt.it Irisin is a myokine released in response to physical exercise that enhances energy expenditure, the browning of white adipose tissue, bone homeostasis, muscle hypertrophy, and Fig 31. Rat Muscle Proteome Responses to Programmed Resistance Exercise with 24-h or 72-h Recovery Periods. 72h Recovery 24h Recovery mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:luigi.marano@unicatt.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism1. Existing literature clearly indicates that aerobic exercise leads to increased plasma irisin levels2; instead, the effects of resistance exercise remain unclear. Some studies suggest that resistance exercise increases plasma irisin levels, while others report no change or a decrease3-4. Furthermore, irisin is typically analysed in blood samples, which is invasive and poses potential risks. The substitution of saliva samples for blood would represent a less invasive method for irisin detection; however, only a limited number of studies have evaluated irisin levels in saliva5. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the acute release of plasma and saliva irisin in response to resistance exercise. A total of seven healthy, trained men (age: 23.5 ± 2.5 years; training experience: 5 ± 3 years) were recruited. The protocol included three test sessions (10RM, TUT, 1RM) and one experimental training session (TS). TS sets (n.30) were carried out to muscular failure, with a time under tension (TUT) of 5-1-2-1, emphasising the eccentric phase of the movements. Blood and saliva samples were collected at baseline (T0), 15 minutes (T1), 24 hours (T2), and 48 hours (T4) post-exercise. Plasma samples were used to evaluate irisin and CK levels, while salivary samples were only used for irisin detection, assessed using an ELISA Assay Kit (#EK-067-29). Both plasma and salivary irisin levels demonstrated a significant increase in response to TS between T0 vs T1 (plasma 10.44 ± 0.9 to 11,38 ± 1,4 ng/mg, p:0.02*; saliva 0.051 ± 0.006 to 0.053 ± 0.008 ng/ml, 0.021, p:0.02*). CK values revealed significant differences between T0 Vs T1 (130.2 ± 27.9 to 295.4 ± 111.9 U/L, p:<0.001***), T0 vs T2 (406.4 ± 160.8 U/L, p:<0.001***), T0 vs T3 (248.4 ± 93.2 U/L, p:<0.001***); T1 vs T3 p:0.01**; and T2 vs T3 p:0.006**. A significant correlation was found between percentage changes in plasma vs saliva irisin increase between T0 and T1 (plasma 9.6 ± 15.2%, saliva 3.9 ± 4.4%; rho: 0.86, p:0.02*). This preliminary study is the first to explore irisin production following resistance training sessions in both saliva and plasma. The results show a moderate but significant increase for both plasma and saliva irisin. Correlation analysis, although preliminary, suggests that saliva sampling might be a sensitive method for detecting changes in irisin levels in response to resistance training exercises. Further studies with larger sample sizes and additional sampling points are required to comprehensively understand irisin's role in resistance training. Key words: Irisin; Resistance Training; Muscle Damage; Muscle Hypertrophy. References 1. Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., Kajimura, S., Zingaretti, M. C., Vind, B. F., Tu, H., Cinti, S., Højlund, K., Gygi, S. P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012). A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481(7382), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777Huh, J. Y. 2014. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 38(12), 1538– 1544. 2. Tommasini, E., Missaglia, S., Vago, P., Galvani, C., Pecci, C., Rampinini, E., Bosio, A., Morelli, A., Bonanomi, A., Silvestrini, A., Mordente, A., & Tavian, D. (2024). The time course of irisin release after an acute exercise: relevant implications for health and future experimental designs. European journal of translational myology, 34(2), 12693. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2024.12693 3. Tsuchiya, Y., Ando, D., Takamatsu, K., & Goto, K. (2015). Resistance exercise induces a greater irisin response than endurance exercise. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 64(9), 1042–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.010Pekkala, S. 2013. The Journal of Physiology, 591(21), 5393– 5400. 4. Pekkala, S., Wiklund, P. K., Hulmi, J. J., Ahtiainen, J. P., Horttanainen, M., Pöllänen, E., Mäkelä, K. A., Kainulainen, H., Häkkinen, K., Nyman, K., Alén, M., Herzig, K. H., & Cheng, S. (2013). Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 gene expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health?. The Journal of physiology, 591(21), 5393–5400. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2013.263707 5. Missaglia, S., Tommasini, E., Vago, P., Pecci, C., Galvani, C., Silvestrini, A., Mordente, A., & Tavian, D. (2023). Salivary and serum irisin in healthy adults before and after exercise. European journal of translational myology, 33(1), 11093. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2023.11093 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 060 Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy added to cycling boosts plasma irisin levels Ester Tommasini (1,2), Sara Missaglia (1,2), Andrea Bosio (3), Paola Vago (1,2), Ermanno Rampinini (3,4), Andrea Morelli (3), Claudio Pecci (3), Daniela Tavian (1,2) (1) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (2) Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (3) Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona (VA), Italy; (4) Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia. E-mail: ester.tommasini@unicatt.it Although the impact of endurance training on irisin levels has been widely investigated in the past decade,1,2,3 no studies have examined the response of this myokine to endurance training with percutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES). The study compared the acute irisin response to cycling with and without a novel technology Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy (AFESK™) delivered through the VIK8 device (AFESK™ technology, VIK8, VIKTOR S.r.l., Italy) at both the beginning and end of a 6-week training period (14 sessions), aiming to examine the additional load of AFESK and assess potential adaptation effects. Sixteen active male participants (age 39 ± 10 years, V̇O2peak 48.0 ± mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ester.tommasini@unicatt.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 4.8 ml·min·Kg-1) were randomly allocated to two groups and matched for V̇O2peak and age. The cycling (C) group performed 4x5m intervals at 60% peak power output (PPO) (achieved during an incremental test to exhaustion) interspersed with 3m recovery at 40% PPO. The cycling with C + AFESK group did the same training program using the VIK8 device to deliver AFESK on lower limbs muscles. Irisin response was evaluated before and after (15m, 24h, 48h post) the first (S1) and the last training session (S14). Irisin plasma concentration was detected by ELISA assay. Timepoint x Group repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analyses. Both C and C+AFESK caused significant increases in irisin levels (p<0.001) from baseline (S1, C: 7.3±1.7 ng/ml, C+AFESK: 8.2±1.5 ng/ml; S2, C: 7.3±1.5 ng/ml, C+AFESK: 8.6±1.5 ng/ml) peaking at 24h (S1, C: 9.9±1.3 ng/ml, C+AFESK: 11.8±1.6 ng/ml; S2, C: 10.0±1.0 ng/ml, C+AFESK: 13.0±1.6 ng/ml) and returning to baseline after 48h (S1, C: 7.2±1.7 ng/ml, C+AFESK: 8.1±1.5 ng/ml; S2, C: 7.3±1.4 ng/ml, C+AFESK: 8.7±1.5 ng/ml). Before and after the training period, concentration of irisin in the C+AFESK group was significantly more elevated than in the C group 24h post-exercise (S1, p<0.05; S2, p<0.001). No significant changes in baseline concentration were observed in both groups, however, after 6 weeks of training, the irisin quantity from baseline to 24h (expressed as delta) increased significantly in the C+AFESK (from 3.6±0.4 to 4.4±0.5 ng/ml, p<0.05) and remained unchanged in the C group (from 2.6±0.8 to 2.6±0.8 ng/ml). AFESK during cycling led to a greater release of irisin one day after exercise compared to traditional cycling. The training period, with or without AFESK, does not appear to affect baseline irisin levels. The AFESK, by delivering the electrical stimulus in synchrony with the voluntary contraction of the targeted skeletal muscle, may further enhance irisin release relative to normal cycling training, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying irisin secretion. Key words: irisin, Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy (AFESK), exercise, cycling, plasma. References 1. Fox J, Rioux BV, Goulet EDB, Johanssen NM, Swift DL, Bouchard DR, Loewen H, Sénéchal M. Effect of an acute exercise bout on immediate post-exercise irisin concentration in adults: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Jan;28(1):16-28. doi: 10.1111/sms.12904. Epub 2017 May 24. PMID: 28453881. 2. Jandova T, Buendía-Romero A, Polanska H, Hola V, Rihova M, Vetrovsky T, Courel-Ibáñez J, Steffl M. Long-Term Effect of Exercise on Irisin Blood Levels- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Oct 25;9(11):1438. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9111438. PMID: 34828485; PMCID: PMC8618299. 3. Torabi A, Reisi J, Kargarfard M, Mansourian M. Differences in the Impact of Various Types of Exercise on Irisin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2024 Feb 29;15:11. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23. PMID: 38563037; PMCID: PMC10982734. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 061 The effects of pedaling exercise with superimposed adaptive functional electrical stimulation (AFESK) on the physiological and perceptual responses to exercise and performance in healthy humans: a training study Andrea Bosio (1), Ester Tommasini (3,4), Andrea Morelli, (1), Sara Missaglia (3,4), Daniela Tavian (3,4), Paola Vago (3,4), Claudio Pecci (1), Ermanno Rampinini (1,2) (1) Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, VA, Italy. (2) Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, NSW, Australia. (3) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy. (4) Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy. E-mail: andrea.bosio@mapeisport.it Percutaneous Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a well-known methodology used in sports medicine both for strength training and rehabilitative issues (1). Recently, the effects of NMES during pedaling exercise have been investigated, suggesting a higher metabolic and cardiorespiratory response compared to a control condition that might enhance training effects (2). Despite this, training studies failed to show a higher effectiveness of this method compared to normal cycling (3). One of the reasons might be ascribed to the time asynchrony between NMES and voluntary contraction. The aim of this pretest-posttest training study (6 weeks period/ 2-3 sessions per week) was to investigate the effects of a novel technology Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy (AFESK™) delivered through the VIK8 device (AFESK™ technology, VIK8, VIKTOR S.r.l., Italy) that can trigger the electrical stimulus in synchrony with the voluntary contraction of the stimulated muscle. Sixteen active male participants (age 39 ± 10 years, VO2peak 48.0 ± 4.8 ml·min·Kg-1) were randomly allocated to two groups. The control (C) group performed 4x5m intervals at 60% peak power output [PPO] (achieved during an incremental test to exhaustion) interspersed with 3m recovery at 40% PPO. The experimental (EXP) group did the same training program superimposing AFESK on lower limbs muscles during all the training sessions. Before and after the training period, aerobic and anaerobic lactate thresholds, cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to incremental step (5 min) exercise, maximal power output for 6 seconds sprint, performance (5 km time trial) were assessed during cycling. Similarly, the neuromuscular function of the knee extensors muscles (NMF) was investigated in isometric conditions. Change scores between post and pre assessments were determined in each group and for each dependent variable. Change scores between groups were compared using Mann- Whitney U test. Data are presented as mean ± standard mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:andrea.bosio@mapeisport.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it deviation. Power outputs at aerobic (CON +4 ± 19 W vs EXP +27 ± 22 W, p = 0.031) and anaerobic (CON +1 ± 14 W vs EXP +28 ± 23 W, p=0.021) lactate thresholds statistically increased in EXP. Heart rate and perception of effort remained stable in both groups (all p values > 0.05). Similarly, during the incremental step exercise at the cycle ergometer none of the dependent variables (V̇O2, V̇CO2, RER, V̇e, Bf) changed (all p values > 0.05). During the 6 seconds sprint cycling, mean power output statistically (p = 0.028) increased in EXP (+26 ± 29 W) but not in CON (-3 ± 23 W), while peak power output (CON +3 ± 44 W vs EXP 29 ± 37 W, p = 0.372) was unchanged in both groups. The 5 km total time did not statistically change (CON +1 ± 15 s vs EXP -8 ± 8 s, p = 0.226). The training period did not impact on maximal voluntary contraction (CON -1 ± 45 Nm vs EXP -8 ± 30 Nm, p = 1.000) and activation levels (CON -1 ± 4 % vs EXP +3 ± 6 %, p = 0.161) but reduced evoked twitch at 1 Hz (CON +3 ± 6 Nm vs EXP -2 ± 4 Nm, p = 0.038) and 100 Hz (CON +4 ± 9 Nm vs EXP -7 ± 7 Nm, p = 0.038). Using AFESK during cycling for a period of 6 weeks seems to increase the power output at the Aerobic (2 mmol/l b[La]) and Anaerobic (4 mmol/l b[La]) thresholds more than normal training; this occurred with unaltered physiological and perceptual responses to exercise (Pre – Post training period) in both groups. Furthermore, mean power output during 6 seconds cycling sprint at the cycle ergometer seems to increase only in EXP. The mechanical response of the quadriceps muscle to a single and a double twitch (100 Hz), measured after the training period, seems to decrease in EXP (likely higher fatigue). Changes in power output at the aerobic and anaerobic thresholds might be partly ascribed to a small higher level of muscle strain caused by the administration of AFESK. Key words: lactate thresholds; adaptive functional electrical stimulation; cycling, neuromuscular function. References 1. Happ KA, and Behringer M. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training vs. Conventional Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect on Strength Development. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Dec 1;36(12):3527-3540. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004119. 2. Watanabe K, Taniguchi Y, Moritani T. Metabolic and cardiovascular responses during voluntary pedaling exercise with electrical muscle stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014 Sep;114(9):1801-7. doi: 10.1007/s00421- 014-2906-x. Epub 2014 May 28. PMID: 24867595. 3. Mathes S, Lehnen N, Link T, Bloch W, Mester J, Wahl P. Chronic effects of superimposed electromyostimulation during cycling on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017 May;117(5):881-892. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3572-6. PMID: 2827 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 062 Improved Irisin and Mental Well-being in Breast Cancer Survivors Following 8 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise Denise Vagnini (1), Luigi Marano (1,2), Daniela Tavian (1,2), Sara Missaglia (1,2), Ferdinando Cereda (3), Paola Vago (3), & Emanuela Saita (1) (1) Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (2) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy; (3) Department of Education, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy. E-mail: denise.vagnini@unicatt.it Physical exercise (PE) is essential for breast cancer survivors (BCSs) since it contributes to cancer prevention, enhances psycho-physical health, and improves survival rates [1]. Additionally, during PE, the muscles secrete irisin, a myokine that has positive health benefits, including an anticancer impact by suppressing tumor proliferation [2]. Nevertheless, no research has assessed the relationship between psychological well-being and irisin levels in BCSs undergoing aerobic training. We designed an 8-week intervention, by administering a tailored, moderate- intensity, PE program. After a pilot training, women engaged in training sessions twice weekly for 40 minutes on a cycle ergometer (5 min of warm up, 30 min of cycling, and 5 min of cooling down), receiving assistance from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Assuming a holistic approach to health and the interdependence of mind and body [3, 4], the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the improvement in the psycho-physical well-being of BCSs, starting with the hypothesis of a positive association between psychological well-being and salivary irisin production of patients during the 17 trainings Participants were recruited through a convenience sampling strategy in collaboration with an Italian non-profit association. Inclusion criteria comprised: having received a diagnosis of breast cancer; having already undergone surgery; being at the end of adjuvant therapies (excluding hormonal therapy); and being suitable for PE. Before being included in the study, all the potential participants underwent a cardiological examination for the release of the medical certificate for PE and filled out a test (IPAQ) for the evaluation of their physical activity behavior. For this pilot study, we recruited 9 women, and 4 of them, with a mean age of 63.25±7.32 years, were included. Irisin levels were analyzed with an Elisa Kit, using the saliva samples [5] that were collected before, 15 min and 24h after the pilot training (baseline observation) and the last training session. In addition, the Italian validation of psychometric tests was administered via CAWI at T0 (baseline), T1 (4-week), T2 (8-week, end of intervention), T3 (1-month follow-up), and T4 (3-month follow-up) to study: symptoms of anxiety, depression, and distress (HADS); body image concerns (BIS); general quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30); psychological flexibility (PACT); self-esteem (RSES); and self-efficacy (GSES). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 29. Procedures were approved by the Ethics Commission of the Department of Psychology (CERPS) of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan. The result of biochemical analyses showed an increase in irisin production 24h after exercise. Longitudinal psychometric analysis, instead, showed a better psychological state of women at the end of the intervention and in the follow-up phase, with a decrease in body image mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:denise.vagnini@unicatt.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it concerns, lower depressive and anxious symptoms, and a better quality of life. These preliminary results are encouraging and show for the first time an investigation of irisin in BCSs engaged in a supervised PE program with simultaneous monitoring of psychological health. Key words: Irisin; Breast Cancer; Psycho-Physical Health; Cycling Training; Multidisciplinary Intervention. References 1. Vagnini, D., Natalucci, V., Moi, S., Vallorani, L., Pietrelli, A., Panico, A. R., Ferri Marini, C., Lucertini, F., Annibalini, G., Sisti, D., Rocchi, M. B. L., Catalano, V., Saita, E., Emili, R., & Barbieri, E. (2024). Home- based lifestyle intervention for breast cancer survivors: A surprising improvement in the quality of life during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. PloS one, 19(1), e0296163. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296163. 2. Zhang, D., Tan, X., Tang, N., Huang, F., Chen, Z., & Shi, G. (2020). Review of Research on the Role of Irisin in Tumors. OncoTargets and therapy, 13, 4423–4430. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S245178. 3. Bertini M. (2002). Modello bio-psico-sociale e salutogenesi, in P. Braibanti (a cura di), Pensare la salute. FrancoAngeli, Milano. 4. Destoumieux-Garzón, D., Mavingui, P., Boetsch, G., Boissier, J., Darriet, F., Duboz, P., Fritsch, C., Giraudoux, P., Le Roux, F., Morand, S., Paillard, C., Pontier, D., Sueur, C., & Voituron, Y. (2018). The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead. Frontiers in veterinary science, 5, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00014 5. Missaglia, S., Tommasini, E., Vago, P., Pecci, C., Galvani, C., Silvestrini, A., Mordente, A., & Tavian, D. (2023). Salivary and serum irisin in healthy adults before and after exercise. European journal of translational myology, 33(1), 11093. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2023.11093. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 063 Increased serum levels of adiponectin upon a single bout of exhaustive exercise in amateur athletes, Eleonora Martegani (1,2), Marta Mallardo (3,4), Ester Tommasini (1,2), Sara Missaglia (1,2), Claudio Pecci (5), Ermanno Rampinini (5,6), Andrea Bosio (5), Andrea Morelli (5), Aurora Daniele (3,4), Ersilia Nigro (4,7), Daniela Tavian (1,2) (1) Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (2) Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; (3) Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy; (4) CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” Scarl, Napoli, Italy; (5) Human Performace Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Italy; (6) Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, Sydney, Australia; (7) Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy E-mail: eleonora.martegani@unicatt.it Adiponectin is a serum hormone that plays a significant role in the prevention of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome.1 It is secreted from white adipose tissue into circulation in three different oligomeric forms: trimers (low molecular weight, LMW), hexamers (medium molecular weight, MMW), and high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomers. The HMW form of adiponectin is the most active in the regulation of body weight and energy balance.2,3 Since previous studies indicated that exercise leads to higher levels of circulating adiponectin, in this work we investigated serum concentrations of this hormone after a single bout of exhaustive exercise on a cycle ergometer in 25 male amateur athletes. Participants were divided into young adults (YA) and middle-aged adults (MA), and total adiponectin was measured at baseline, upon 15 minutes and 24 h post-exercise, using ELISA. HMW oligomer levels were assessed at baseline and at 24 h post-exercise by western blotting analysis. A significant increase in total adiponectin levels was found both upon 15 minutes and 24h after the exercise protocol, especially in the YA group. Considering all participants HMW oligomers also increased 24 h post-exercise, but when analyzed separately this increase was found only in YA subjects. Correlation analyses revealed that adiponectin concentration is associated with VO2peak and Powerpeak levels in YA subjects, highlighting a positive relationship between its regulation and exercise capacity. Moreover, baseline adiponectin negatively correlated with VO2peak and Powerpeak suggesting adaptation mechanisms of adipose tissue. In conclusion, a single bout of exhaustive exercise evokes a significant, rapid, and lasting increase in adiponectin serum levels in healthy subjects, particularly due to an increase in HMW oligomers. Key words: physical exercise; adiponectin; HMW oligomers. References 1. Mallardo M, Daniele A, Musumeci G, Nigro E. A Narrative Review on Adipose Tissue and Overtraining: Shedding Light on the Interplay among Adipokines, Exercise and Overtraining. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 6;25(7):4089. doi: 10.3390/ijms25074089. PMID: 38612899; PMCID: PMC11012884. 2. Khoramipour K, Chamari K, Hekmatikar AA, Ziyaiyan A, Taherkhani S, Elguindy NM, Bragazzi NL. Adiponectin: Structure, Physiological Functions, Role in Diseases, and Effects of Nutrition. Nutrients. 2021 Apr 2;13(4):1180. doi: 10.3390/nu13041180. PMID: 33918360; PMCID: PMC8066826. 3. van Andel M, Heijboer AC, Drent ML. Adiponectin and Its Isoforms in Pathophysiology. Adv Clin Chem. 2018;85:115-147. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Mar 14. PMID: 29655459. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2023.11093 mailto:eleonora.martegani@unicatt.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 27 - Abstract 064 Characterization of a knock-in mouse model carrying a human mutation (D44N/+ in Calsequestrin-1) associated to Tubular Aggregate Myopathy. Alice Brasile (1,2), Matteo Serano (1,2), Aurora Fusella (1), Robert T. Dirksen (3), Feliciano Protasi (1,2), Laura Pietrangelo (1,2) (1) CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology Univ. G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (2) DMSI, Dept. of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Univ. G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. (3) Dept. of Pharmacology and Physiology, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. E-mail: Laura.pietrangelo@unich.it Tubular aggregates (TAs) are regular arrays of highly ordered and densely packed straight-tubes of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) origin found in muscle biopsies of patients affected by tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) and in fast twitch muscle of ageing male mice (Engel et al. 1970; Boncompagni et al. 2021).1,2 TAM is a heritable myopathy primarily characterized by progressive muscle weakness, elevated levels of creatine kinase, and exercise intolerance. About a decade ago, TAM has been linked to mutations in the genes encoding for stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1), a Ca2+ sensor placed in the lumen of the SR, and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel ORAI1, the pore that allows entry of external Ca2+ when activated by STIM1- dimers (Bohm et al. 2013 and 2017).3,4 STIM 1 and Orai1 mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a mechanism that allows recovery of external Ca2+ when intracellular stores are depleted. More recently, the Casq1 gene was also found to be mutated in patients with TAM. CASQ1 is the main Ca2+ buffer of the SR and a negative regulator of SOCE (Barone et al. 2017).5 We generated a knock-in mouse model of TAM harboring the mutation p.(Asp44Asn) in the Casq1 gene (Casq1D44N/+ or D44N mice). D44N mice are viable and exhibit a modest in vivo ed ex vivo weakness. Nevertheless, by 8 months of age male Casq1D44N/+mice exhibit robust presence of TAs in EDL muscle, whereas in females TAs start to form later (at around 13 months of age). Other morphological features of the progressing disease are mitochondrial damage and SR modification similar to those found in vacuolar myopathy. Following our previous experience in ageing mice, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of voluntary running in wheel cages and verified that mild exercise reduces formation of TAs and vacuoles also in D444N mice. D44N mice may represent in the future years a tool for investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TAM in humans. Key words: tubular aggregate myopathy; sarcoplasmic reticulum; calsequestrin-1; store operated Ca2+ entry. References 1. Engel, W.K., D.W. Bishop, and G.G. Cunningham. 1970. Tubular aggregates in type II muscle fibers: ultrastructural and histochemical correlation. J Ultrastruct Res. 31(5-6):507-525. 2. Boncompagni, S., Pecorai, A. Michellucci, L. Pietrangelo, and F. Protasi. 2021. Long-term exercise reduces formation of Tubular Aggregates and promotes maintenance of Ca(2+) Entry Units in aged muscle. Front Physiol. 11:601057. 3. Bohm, J., F. Chevessier, A.M. De Paula, C. Koch, S. Attarian, C. Feger, D. Hantaï, P. Laforêt, K. Ghorab, J.M. Vallat, M. Fardeau, D. Figarella- Branger, J. Pouget, N.B. Romero, M. Koch, C. Ebel, N. Levy, M. Krahn, B. Eymard, M. Bartoli, and J. Laporte. 2013. Constitutive activation of the calcium sensor STIM1 causes tubular-aggregate myopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 92(2):271-278. 4. Bohm, J., M. Bulla M, J.E. Urquhart, E. Malfatti, S.G. Williams, J. O'Sullivan , A. Szlauer, C. Koch, G. Baranello, M. Mora, M. Ripolone, R. Violano, M. Moggio, H. Kingston, T. Dawson, C.G. DeGoede, J. Nixon, A. Boland, J.F. Deleuze, N. Romero, W.G. Newman, N. Demaurex, and J. Laporte. 2017. ORAI1 Mutations with Distinct Channel Gating Defects in Tubular Aggregate Myopathy. Hum Mutat. 38(4):426- 438. 5. Barone, V., V. Del Re, A. Gamberucci, V. Polverino, L. Galli, D. Rossi, E. Costanzi, L. Toniolo, G. Berti, A. Malandrini, G. Ricci, G. Siciliano, G. Vattemi, G. Tomelleri, E. Pierantozzi, S. Spinozzi, N. Volpi, R. Fulceri, R. Battistuta, C. Reggiani, and V. Sorrentino. 2017. Identification and characterization of three novel mutations in the CASQ1 gene in four patients with tubular aggregate myopathy. Hum Mutat. 38(12):1761- 1773. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 065 Advances in hyaluronans and glycosylated proteins: from skeletal muscle disorder research to clinical applications Elena Barbieri, Fabio Ferrini, Giosuè Annibalini, Michela Battistelli, Italo Capparucci, Piero Sestili Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy. E-mail: elena.barbieri@uniurb.it This presentation will explore the multifaceted roles of hyaluronans (HA) and glycosylated proteins in musculoskeletal disorders, emphasizing their potential in regenerative medicine. HA are naturally occurring biopolymers crucial for maintaining tissue architecture and regulating essential cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, wound healing, migration, and intracellular signaling. These biopolymers interact with various cell surface receptors, notably cluster determinant 44 (CD44), a membrane-embedded glycoprotein that facilitates adhesion, migration, and intracellular signaling. The interplay between HA and CD44 forms a dynamic interface between the pericellular environment and intracellular cytoskeletal networks, which is highly responsive to oxidative stress factors such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). These oxidative agents fragment native HA, disrupt CD44 microarchitecture, and activate signaling pathways involved in injury response and disease progression (Cowman M. K., 2023). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:Laura.pietrangelo@unich.it https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Cunningham+GG&cauthor_id=4912968 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Hanta%C3%AF+D&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Lafor%C3%AAt+P&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Ghorab+K&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Ghorab+K&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Vallat+JM&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Fardeau+M&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Figarella-Branger+D&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Figarella-Branger+D&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Pouget+J&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Romero+NB&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Koch+M&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Ebel+C&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Levy+N&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Levy+N&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Krahn+M&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Eymard+B&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Bartoli+M&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Laporte+J&cauthor_id=23332920 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Urquhart+JE&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Malfatti+E&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Williams+SG&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Williams+SG&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=O%27Sullivan+J&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Szlauer+A&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Koch+C&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Baranello+G&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Baranello+G&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Mora+M&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Ripolone+M&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Violano+R&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Moggio+M&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Moggio+M&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Kingston+H&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Dawson+T&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=DeGoede+CG&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Nixon+J&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Nixon+J&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Boland+A&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Deleuze+JF&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Romero+N&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Newman+WG&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Newman+WG&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Demaurex+N&cauthor_id=28058752 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&term=Laporte+J&cauthor_id=28058752 mailto:elena.barbieri@uniurb.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Due to its structural and functional versatility, HA has emerged as a key molecule in biomedical research and regenerative therapies. It has been widely implemented in tissue engineering, particularly in muscle, ligament, and tendon repair. Over the last decade, researchers have developed various HA derivatives with promising clinical applications, further broadening its therapeutic potential. Specifically, HA has been found to directly and indirectly enhance the wound healing process by modulating inflammation, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Recent findings demonstrate that HA is integral to muscle regeneration, as it activates muscle stem cells to promote repair following injury. Notably, the regenerative effects of HA appear to be mediated by its synthesis within muscle stem cells, highlighting its endogenous role in tissue repair (Nakka et al., 2022). In our preliminary studies, we investigated the effects of a HA blend (2 to 1000 KDa, 2 mL) on rescuing myoblast C2C12 cells under stress-induced conditions that mimic chronic inflammatory states and muscle damage. We assessed the wound healing potential of this HA formulation in the presence of pro-inflammatory agents (IL-1β, TNF-α, LPS) and oxidative stressors (H2O2), which typically impair cellular proliferation. Initial findings suggest that HA significantly enhances cell proliferation and accelerates wound healing within 24 hours post-injury (Ferrini F. et al., in preparation). Moreover, HA has been extensively investigated for its chondroprotective effects in osteoarthritis (OA). Exogenous HA administration enhances endogenous HA synthesis by chondrocytes, mitigates cartilage degradation, and supports tissue regeneration (Barbieri E. et al. 2019). Additionally, HA regulates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators even the the responses elicited by Extracellular vesicles, which are implicated in OA pathogenesis (Carrabs et al., 2024). The past decade has seen remarkable progress in understanding the interactions between HA, glycosylated proteins, and the extracellular matrix in musculoskeletal disorders. Despite strong evidence linking matrix macromolecules to disease progression, their therapeutic potential remains underexplored. Future research should focus on leveraging these molecular insights to develop innovative treatment strategies for musculoskeletal conditions, ultimately bridging the gap between basic science and clinical applications. Key Words: Musculoskeletal disorders; Hyaluronans; Regenerative Medicine. References 1. Barbieri E, Capparucci I, Mannello F, Annibalini G, Contarelli S, Vallorani L, Gioacchini AM, Ligi D, Maniscalco R, Gervasi M, Tran Dang Xuan T, Bartolucci C, Stocchi V and Sestili P. Efficacy of a treatment for gonarthrosis based on the sequential intra- articular injection of linear and cross-linked hyaluronic acids. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2019, 09, 60. 2. Carrabs V, Guillén MI, Ferrándiz ML, Alcaraz MJ, Ferrini F, Agostini R, Guescini M, Fimognari C, Capparucci I, Barbieri E, Sestili P. Hyaluronic Acid Hampers the Inflammatory Response Elicited by Extracellular Vesicles from Activated Monocytes in Human Chondrocytes. Pharmaceutics. 2024 Oct 28;16(11):1386. 3. Cowman MK, Turley EA, Functional organization of extracellular hyaluronan, CD44, and RHAMM Proteoglycan Research 2023, 1, e4. 4. Ferrini F, Annibalini G, Battistelli M, Capparucci I, Sestili P, Barbieri E. Emerging role of Hyaluronan- mediated rescue of oxidatively injured myoblasts. In preparation 5. Nakka K, Hachmer S, Mokhtari Z, Kovac R, Bandukwala H, Bernard C, Li Y, Xie G, Liu C, Fallahi M, Megeney LA, Gondin J, Chazaud B, Brand M, Zha X, Ge K, Dilworth FJ. JMJD3 activated hyaluronan synthesis drives muscle regeneration in an inflammatory environment. Science. 2022 Aug 5;377(6606):666-669. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 066 Intra-articular injections with Carboxymethyl-Chitosan in patients affected by knee osteoarthritis non- responders to hyaluronic acid: a pilot study Nicola Manocchio (1), Sorbino Andrea (1,2), Concetta Ljoka (1,2), Nicolò Piacentini (1), Roberto Sorge (3), Giulia Vita (1) Calogero Foti (1,2) (1) Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; (2)Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; (3) Systems Medicine, Biometric Unit, Tor Vergata University, Italy E-mail: nicola.manocchio@uniroma2.it Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating chronic degenerative disease, affecting over 300 million patients worldwide. Pain and functional limitation are two of the main features of OA related to progressive loss of autonomy in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and worsening of Quality of Life (QoL). No definitive treatment for OA is yet available; strategies for pain control and improvement of joint function and mobility can be implemented in mild cases (e.g. non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, analgesics such as paracetamol or opioids, viscoinductive/viscosupplementary drugs, administered orally or inside the affected joints). Hyaluronic acid (HA) stands as a viable treatment option for advanced knee OA. In case of treatment failure, arthroscopic or surgical approaches (i.e. knee replacement) are available. Total knee arthroplasty is a surgical option with a good success rate, but with biomechanical implications that often cause progression of OA in the contralateral knee. Nowadays, non-surgical alternatives for HA non-responders with advanced OA are however very limited. Finding a new treatment option would thus be of paramount importance for two reasons. The first is to give patients time to think without rushing about the management of their body, having the opportunity to choose the course of care and surgical setting they prefer. The second is to improve patients' QoL even if only for a short period (e.g., up to 4-6 months), empowering them to carry on their personal passions, hobbies, and even work activities. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of Carboxymethyl- Chitosan, a novel compound with anti-inflammatory and lubricating capacity, for advanced (Kellgren-Lawrence ≥3) mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:nicola.manocchio@uniroma2.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it and symptomatic knee OA in non-responders to HA. Outpatients assessed at the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) Unit of Tor Vergata University Hospital were enrolled for the study until October 2023. Male and female patients were included if older than 50 years, showing advanced and symptomatic gonarthrosis (KL ≥ 3), non-responder to previous intra-articular therapy with HA. Eligible patients underwent an initial intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (Metil-Prednisolone acetate 40 mg/ml); after one week, a single intra-articular infiltration of CM-Chitosan (60 mg/3 ml - 2% CM-Chitosan supplemented with 3.5% sorbitol, in a 3 ml prefilled sterile syringe) was carried out. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was applied for pain measurement and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for functional outcomes. Both scales were administered at the time of enrollment (T0), one month (T1), three months (T3), and six months (T6) after treatment. All data were initially entered into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, U.S.A.) and analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social sciences Windows, version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.). The Kolgomorov- Smirnov test was applied to assess if variables were normally distributed. Comparisons between variables at different times were performed with ANOVA for repeated measures and post-hoc Bonferroni test. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the aforementioned inclusion criteria, five females and five males and were enrolled for the study. Pain and function outcomes showed a significant improvement at T1, with a subsequent gradual resumption of symptoms. VAS was statistically significant at T1 (p<0.01) with an ascending trend in the following timepoints and significant worsening at T3 (p=0.02) and T6 (p<0.01) (Figure 32). All KOOS domains showed significant improvement at T1 compared with T0 and a worsening trend after T1 that was not statistically significant. Symptoms domain was an exception, with a significant worsening at T6 compared with T1 (p=0.03). To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first in Italy to evaluate the efficacy of a single intra-articular injection of CM-Chitosan in patients with advanced, symptomatic knee osteoarthritis non-responders HA. After data analysis, CM-C seems to have a substantial efficacy one month after treatment (T1: significant reduction in pain and a significant increase in knee function, independence in ADL, and general QoL) with tendency to worsen in subsequent months. At T3 several scores maintained better raw values than at T0 without reaching statistical significance and at T6 almost all variables returned to raw values that still showed a small improvement (Figure 31). Our study comes with some limitations (i.e. small sample size, short follow-up period, absence of a control group) and will need a subsequent deeper analysis in the future. This retrospective study suggests a good overall efficacy of CM- C for the treatment of patients with advanced knee OA (KL≥3) non-responders to intra-articular HA injection. CM- C could then appear as a treatment option for this population to extend the time to surgery and make the decision more informed. Albeit small improvement in QoL in people who have few or no alternatives for treatment of a disabling condition such as advanced knee OA should not be neglected. Key Words: knee osteoarthritis; intra-articular injections; Carboxymethyl-Chitosan; hyaluronic acid; quality of life. References 1. Pirri C, Sorbino A, Manocchio N, Pirri N, Devito A, Foti C, Migliore A. Chondrotoxicity of Intra-Articular Injection Treatment: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 26;25(13):7010. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137010. PMID: 39000119; PMCID: PMC11241418. 2. Vandeweerd JM, et al. Non-clinical assessment of lubrication and free radical scavenging of an innovative non-animal carboxymethyl chitosan biomaterial for viscosupplementation: An in-vitro and ex-vivo study. PLoS One. 2021 Oct 11;16(10):e0256770. 3. Emans PJ et al. First-in-human study to evaluate a single injection of KiOmedine®CM-Chitosan for treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. TORJ 2022;16:e187431292206100. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 067 Conservative treatment of Achilles tendinopathy with infiltrative hyaluronans: a study on biochemical, functional and viscoelastometric parameters in recreational runners Marco Gervasi, Elena Barbieri, Italo Capparucci, Davide Sisti, Stefano Amatori, Piero Sestili Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy E-mail: piero.sestili@uniurb.it Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is more often diagnosed in sport practitioners and physical workers whose activity is associated with significant mechanical loading that exceeds the tendon's capacity. In EU AT affects ca. 10 millions recreational runners and causes 5% of professional athletes to end their careers;1 other risk factors contributing to AT are medications (steroids, quinolones and oral bisphosphonates), obesity and diabete.2 Conservative treatment of AT includes local Fig 32. Error-bar of VAS variation mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:piero.sestili@uniurb.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it therapies, namely corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. HA injections are safer than local steroids and simpler than PRP. HA is an ideal biological lubricant with known analgesic, anti inflammatory and anti-adhesive effects. HA has been shown effective in the treatment of tendon disorders by decreasing pain, supporting tissue healing, and improving the lubrication of the tendon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a three-local injections regimen of HA in ameliorating clinical, functional, viscoelastometric and biochemical parameters of the tendon in middle aged recreational runners with AT. Eight recreational runners previously diagnosed for monolateral AT were enrolled. AT was confirmed before the first local HA injection (T0) by clinical examination. At T0 patients were assessed for maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) involving Achilles tendon (both injured and healthy contralateral side), and pain level with a Likert scale; Achilles tendon viscoelastic conditions, i.e. tone and stiffness, were then measured (8 cm from the heel) at relaxed state with MyotonPro (Myoton Ltd, UK). Finally, patients received the first HA injection (a blend of 200 to 1000 KDa HA). All the measurements were repeated at T1 (15 days after the first injections and immediately prior the second), at T2 (15 days after the second injection and prior the third) and at T3 (15 days after the third injection), i.e. over a total of 45 days in which clinical visits were also performed. Furthermore, at T0 and T2, injured tendon exudates were collected by needle aspiration and analyzed for IL-1 and MMP-3 content with an ELISA test. Our results indicate that at T0, tone and stiffness values were significantly different between injured and contralateral tendons. MVIC, coherently with clinical assessment, including pain score, was significantly lower in injured tendons. Interestingly, the above differences gradually disappeared at T1, 2 and T3. In keeping with these results, the volume and the inflammation status (IL-1β and MMP-3 levels) of the tendon exudates significantly decreased. Peritendonous HA injections were effective in the management of AT, as determined with a multi- methodological approach. Accordingly, to elastosonographic observations,3 we also found that AT alters the viscoelastic parameters of the tendon and that its healing process is paralleled by recovery of these mechanical features. The evaluation of viscoelastic status associated with AT might also represent a simple, non-invasive and unexpensive tool to integrate imaging techniques (ultrasonography, elastosonography) in the diagnostic assessment and clinical grading of tendon conditions. Key words: Achilles tendinopathy; hyaluronic acid; viscoelastometry. References 1. Scott A, Ashe MC Common tendinopathies in the upper and lower extremities. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2006, 5, 233, doi: 10.1097/01.csmr.0000306421.85919.9c. 2. Knapik JJ, Pope R. Achilles Tendinopathy: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Screening. J Spec Oper Med. 2020, 20, 125, doi: 10.55460/QXTX-A72P. 3. Fusini F, Langella F, Busilacchi A, Tudisco C, Gigante A, Massé A, Bisicchia S. Real-time sonoelastography: principles and clinical applications in tendon disorders. A systematic review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2018 Jan 10, 7, 467, doi: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.3.467. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 068 Blue turmeric: a novel food targeting inflammatory molecular networks in osteoarthritis to better quality of life Michela Battistelli (1), Eleonora Olivotto (2), Giorgia Borciani (2), Alessio Bucciarelli (2), Federico Gianfanti (1), Francesco Onesimo (1), Riham Osman (1), Sabrina Burattini (1), Matteo Micucci (1) (1) Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy; (2) RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, Research centre Codivilla-Putti, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy (2) E-mail: michela.battistelli@uniurb.it Osteoarthritis is a widespread, age-related condition characterized by the progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage and surrounding joint tissues. Its etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, with aging and chronic inflammation playing pivotal roles alongside other predisposing factors. Disruption of chondrocyte homeostasis predisposes the tissue to degradation rather than repair, leading to matrix deterioration and exacerbation of inflammation. OA induces joint pain and has a powerful impact on decreasing joint mobility and causing a loss of quality of life.1 Among turmeric types, blue turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) is a less explored species we previously studied for its anti-inflammatory and protective activities. Here, we investigated the benefits of a Curcuma caesia rhizome extract (CCRE),2 rich in polyphenols, in C-28/I2 human chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β stimulation for 24 hours.3 Intriguingly, a 48-hour pre-treatment with CCRE improved the cell viability of IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, as evidenced by their increased metabolic activity. Furthermore, the IL-1β-driven release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly reduced by pre-treating C-28/I2 cells with CCRE for 24 and 48 hours. Noteworthy, this study highlights the potential of a polyphenol-rich rhizome extract of Curcuma caesia in mitigating inflammation and impairments in cell viability within the cellular compartment of cartilage tissue, paving the way for the development of nutraceuticals and food supplements aimed at delaying osteoarthritis and other age-related conditions. OA intervention aims to improve the quality of life during the aging process. Key Words: Osteoarthritis; Nutraceutical compounds; Curcuma caesia. References mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:michela.battistelli@uniur.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 1. Salucci, S., Falcieri, E., Battistelli, M. Chondrocyte death involvement in osteoarthritis. Cell and Tissue Research, 2022, 389(2), pp. 159–170. 2. Burattini, S., Gianfanti, F., Onesimo, F., Donati Zeppa, S., Canonico, B., Montanari, M., Panza, G., Lopez, A., Annibalini, G., Fanelli, F., Saltarelli, R., Mari, M., Retini, M., Osman, R., Mariam, A., Micucci, M., Caprioli, G., Santanatoglia, A., Agostini, D., Battistelli, M.Blue elixir of youth and wellness: The multicomponent-multitarget paradigm of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Journal of Functional Foods, 2025, 125, 106699 3. Battistelli, M., Salucci, S., Olivotto, E., Facchini, A. Minguzzi, M., Pagani, S., Flamigni, F., Facchini, A., Falcieri, E. Cell death in human articular chondrocyte: A morpho-functional study in micromass model. Apoptosis, 2014, 19(10), pp. 1471–1483 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 069 A Novel Fascial Mapping of Muscle Spindles Distribution: Insights from Murine Model Study YunFeng Sun, Carla Stecco YunFeng Sun (1), XiaoXiao Zhao (1), Carla Stecco (2) (1) Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (2) Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy E-mail: yunfeng.sun@studenti.unipd.it Muscle spindles (MSs) are pivotal in proprioception and motor control. The precise distribution and localization of MSs have always been one of the research hotspots in MSs study, serving as a foundation for understanding their involvement in various diseases and motor dysfunctions. However, there are disagreements in distribution pattern of MSs at present, the discrepancies in the reported distribution patterns of MSs have hindered the advancement of novel physical therapy techniques based on MS functionality. In the present study, we present an innovative fascia-based distribution pattern for MSs (Figure 33). Using the rat quadriceps femoris muscle, serial sections of the muscle were meticulously prepared following tissue sampling, fixation, and embedding. The MSs were identified and characterized using Sirius Red staining, with their locations, quantities, associated structures, and basic parameters documented under microscopy. Our findings demonstrated that MSs are primarily located within the fascial layers, predominantly within the perimysium. The MSs capsule and perimysium are continuous in structure, and the capsule is connected to the perimysium from multiple directions simultaneously. This study proves from the structure that MSs are not only affected by the change of muscle length but also the change of fascia tension or state may have a more profound impact on MSs. Furthermore, both nerves and vessels were observed near or within the muscle spindles' capsule, although they were not always present. In some sections, no microscopically distinguishable vessels or nerve fibers were observed around the MSs. This study proposes a novel fascial-based distribution model for MSs, highlighting that MSs are embedded within the fascial matrix and that fascia may serve as a key structural marker for locating MSs. Additionally, the fascia's structural continuity with the MS capsule suggests its role as a mediator in MS function. This research challenges traditional concepts of MS distribution and introduces a more refined and efficient approach to studying MSs through the fascial perspective, representing a significant advancement in the field. Key Words: Fascial Mapping of Muscle Spindles; Distribution; Murine Model. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28- Abstract 070 The impact of MACO stroke on forelimb ECM in mice Xiaoxiao Zhao, Yunfeng Sun, Carla Stecco Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy E-mail: xiaoxiao.zhao@studenti.unipd.it Stroke is a leading cause of disability, with approximately half of stroke survivors losing of arm function due to hypotonia. However, the post stroke extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling in musculoskeletal tissues remains unclear. This study examines changes in extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically hyaluronan (HA) and collagen, in forelimb muscles following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice (Figure 34). Eighteen 8-week-old Fig 33. The left two Figures presented different segments of one muscle spindle. The quantity of perimysium connected to the capsule is variable in different segments of the soindle. B: The right two figures were collected from one single spindle. The nervedoes not accur in all segments of the muscle spindle. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:yunfeng.sun@studenti.unipd.it mailto:xiaoxiao.zhao@studenti.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it C57BL mice (6 male, 12 female) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10; 4 male, 6 female) or the control group (n=8; 2 male, 6 female). 4 weeks post-stroke, forelimb muscle samples were analysed for HA and collagen distribution and concentrations. HA concentrations were significantly elevated in both the left (affected side: 64.28 ± 12.11 μg/g) and right (64.62 ± 13.33 μg/g) forelimb muscles of stroke mice compared to healthy controls (51.74 ± 9.85 μg/g; p=0.028 and p=0.024, respectively). No significant difference in HA levels was observed between the affected and unaffected sides of stroke mice (p=0.998). Collagen concentrations showed no statistically significant differences among groups, with levels of 9.44 ± 2.49 μg/g in healthy controls, 8.65 ± 2.35 μg/g in the affected side, and 8.91 ± 2.49 μg/g in the unaffected side of stroke mice. In conclusions, the results revealed a systemic increase in HA concentration in the stroke group, while collagen levels remained unchanged. The elevated HA concentrations may impair tissue mechanics and accelerate post-stroke spasticity, highlighting the importance of targeting ECM remodelling in therapeutic strategies. Key words: stroke; extracellular matrix; hyaluronan; collage. References 1. Katan, M. and A. Luft, Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol, 2018. 38(2): p. 208-211. 2. de Gooijer-van de Groep, K.L., et al., Estimation of tissue stiffness, reflex activity, optimal muscle length and slack length in stroke patients using an electromyography driven antagonistic wrist model. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2016. 35: p. 93-101. 3. Llovera, G., et al., Modeling stroke in mice: permanent coagulation of the distal middle cerebral artery. J Vis Exp, 2014(89): p. e51729. 4. Syeara, N., et al., The Finer Aspects of Grid- Walking and Cylinder Tests for Experimental Stroke Recovery Studies in Mice. Methods Mol Biol, 2023. 2616: p. 345-353. 5. Fede, C., et al., The Effects of Aging on the Intramuscular Connective Tissue. Int J Mol Sci, 2022. 23(19). 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 071 Meteorological, chronobiological and thermal factors impacting postural control in knee osteoarthritis Philippe Perrin (1,2), Laetitia Peultier-Celli (1), Damien Loeuille (3), René Gueguen (1), Marie- Catherine Tallot (4), Jean Paysant (1,5), Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere (3) (1) Research Unit DevAH - Development, Adaptation and Handicap, University of Lorraine, France; (2) LAPEM - Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (3) Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre‑lès‑Nancy, France; (4) Lorraine Institute of Physiotherapy Training, Nancy, France; (5) Regional Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nancy, France E-mail: philippe.perrin@univ-lorraine.fr Osteoarthritis (OA) characterized as a degenerative joint disease, is the most common rheumatological disorder and affects millions of people around the world. The joints of the lower limbs are frequently affected. Pain is often accompanied by functional impairment and loss of independence and postural control. There is an ancient popular belief that OA symptoms may be related to changes in the weather. This belief is deeply rooted in many cultures. For example, in the Chinese language, “rheumatism” is translated as “Fēngshī zhèng” (風濕), “Fēng” (風) meaning “wind” and “Shī” (濕) meaning “wet.” In several countries (e.g., Germany and Japan), television weather reports entitled “Health weather” warn patients about pain they might feel due to weather changes. One of our studies aimed to determine if pain and balance control were related to meteorological modifications in patients with OA.1 One hundred and thirteen patients with knee OA (65 ± 9 years old, 78 women) participated in this study. Posturography was performed, recording the sway area covered and sway path traveled by the center of pressure under six standing postural conditions that combine three visual situations: eyes open, eyes closed, vision altered by a sway- referenced visual surround using virtual reality goggles. Two platform conditions were tested: firm and foam supports (Figure 35. Knee pain score was assessed using Fig 34. (A): The HA concentration in the forelimb muscle on the left and right side of health mouse in control group, on the left (stroke affective) side and on the right (non-affective) side of stroke mouse in experimental group (* p<0.05). (B): The collagen concentration in the forelimb muscle of the health mouse in the control group, on the left (stroke affective) side and on the right (non-affective) side of stroke mouse in experimental group(p>0.05). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:philippe.perrin@univ-lorraine.fr European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it a visual analog scale. Balance control and pain measurements recorded in the morning were correlated with meteorological data. Morning and daily values for temperature, precipitation, sunshine, hourly rainfall, wind speed, humidity, and atmospheric pressure were obtained from the nearest weather station. The relationship between postural control, pain, and weather variations was assessed for each patient on a given day with multiple linear regressions. A decrease in postural stability was observed when atmospheric pressure and maximum humidity decreased in the morning and when atmospheric pressure dropped over the course of a day. Knee pain experienced by patients was more enhanced when it was warmer in the morning and when it became wetter and warmer within a day. In addition, increasing evidence supports balance control impairment in older adult patients with knee OA (2). However, one of our studies showed diurnal variation of balance control in these patients (3). This study aimed to investigate the variation of postural stability in older adult patients with symptomatic knee OA during different periods of the day (Figure 34). Two-hundred and forty-one patients with knee OA (65+12 years; 82 males) were enrolled in this study. Static posturography was performed under four standing conditions: eyes open and eyes closed, without and with foam support. To assess diurnal postural variations, testing sessions were defined as follows: 8–10am, 10–12am, 1pm–3pm, 3pm–5pm. The influence of sex, age, height, weight, and body mass index on postural stability was evaluated. Knee pain was also assessed during these four testing sessions. This study showed that better postural stability was observed in patients with knee OA in the afternoon, (especially the early afternoon), compared to the morning. The diurnal variation of balance control was more noticeable in male patients who were older and heavier. Patients’ knee pain was more pronounced in the morning compared to the afternoon. Balance stability of patients with knee OA varied throughout the day. Altered postural performance in the morning could be explained by joint pain. Knowledge about the relationship between weather, diurnal variation, pain and postural control can help patients with knee OA and health professionals better manage daily activities. Hydrokinesitherapy uses the physical and chemical properties of water to help heal patients suffering from certain osteoarticular and neurological diseases. In the aquatic environment, Archimedes’ principle (describing the upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid) enables a patient to be supported more effectively. Hydrostatic pressure also helps to counter oedema. Warm thermal water provides an analgesic effect. Movement is facilitated, muscle strengthening is secured and somesthetic work is intensified by the aquatic environment. For the above reasons, the physical properties of water in balneotherapy have also been shown to improve postural control by reinforcing proprioceptive input and increasing muscle strength. Hydrostatic pressure associated with viscosity improves exteroceptive sensory input, allowing for better limb perception. Hydrotherapy treatment can help facilitate recovery mechanisms through healing instead of by compensation,4,5 where adaptive mechanisms are used to counterbalance the effects of impairments that disrupt balance after an incomplete recovery of the functional activity of the affected structures. Key words: knee osteoarthritis; chronobiology; thermal factors; balance control. References 1. Peultier L, Lion A, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D, Zhang Z, Rat AC, Gueguen R, Paysant J, Perrin P. Influence of meteorological elements on balance Fig 35. The diurnal variation of balance control was more noticeable in male patients who were older and heavier. Patients’ knee pain was more pronounced in the morning compared to the afternoon. Balance stability of patients with knee OA varied throughout the day. Altered postural performance in the morning could be explained by joint pain. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it control and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Int J Biometeorol. 2017 May;61(5):903-910. doi: 10.1007/s00484-016-1269- x. Epub 2016 Nov 10. PMID: 27832355. 2. Gauchard GC, Vançon G, Meyer P, Mainard D, Perrin PP. On the role of knee joint in balance control and postural strategies: effects of total knee replacement in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Gait Posture. 2010 Jun;32(2):155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.04.002. Epub 2010 May 7. PMID: 20451390. 3. Zhang Z, Lion A, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D, Rat AC, Paysant J, Perrin P. Diurnal variation on balance control in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Jul- Aug;61(1):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 4. PMID: 25899547. 4. Peultier-Celli L, Lion A, Chary-Valckenaere I, Loeuille D, Zhang Z, Rat AC, Gueguen R, Paysant J, Perrin PP. Comparison of high-frequency intensive balneotherapy with low-frequency balneotherapy combined with land-based exercise on postural control in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Sep;63(9):1151-1159. doi: 10.1007/s00484-019- 01727-9. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31065841. 5.. Peultier-Celli L, Mainard D, Wein F, Paris N, Boisseau P, Ferry A, Gueguen R, Chary-Valckenaere I, Paysant J, Perrin P. Comparison of an Innovative Rehabilitation, Combining Reduced Conventional Rehabilitation with Balneotherapy, and a Conventional Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes. Front Surg. 2017 Nov 7;4:61. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00061. PMID: 29164130; PMCID: PMC567400. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 072 Eustachian tube dysfunction: possible role of crenotherapy . Alessandro Martini (1), Giacomo Spinato (1), Maria Cristina Facciolo (2) (1) ENT, Neuroscience Department, Padova University, Padua, Italy; (2) Thermal Hotel Abano Ritz, Euganean Thermae, Padua, Italy E-mail: alessandromartini@unipd.it Sinonasal disease, including rhinitis and acute or chronic rhinosinusitis, Eustachian tube dysfunction with consequent middle ear problems, represent a significant disease burden and burden on the healthcare system. The economic burden of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) alone is estimated to be between $4.3 and $5.8 billion per year in the United States.1 The total costs (direct and indirect) ranged from USD 232.7 to USD 977 (UK) per episode of otitis media (OM). The economic burden per year is highest in the USA (USD 5 billion).2 If antibiotic therapy is obviously the main bulwark during the acute phase, other possible therapeutic approaches must be taken into consideration both to reduce inflammation in the acute phase and, above all, to prevent flare-ups. Over the past two decades, significant research has been done to evaluate the role of nasal irrigations in the treatment of sinonasal disease.3 Crenotherapy, with a therapeutic role that is still debated in the literature, could represent a valid therapeutic option; because scarce adverse effects and contraindications are, it can be safely used in elderly patients with comorbidities. 4 Ottaviano et al. compared the effects of nasal irrigations with sulfurous, salty, bromic, iodic (SSBI) thermal water or isotonic sodium chloride solution (ISCS) in patients with nonallergic chronic rhinosinusitis and demonstrated that crenotherapy effectively improves olfactory function in elderly patients with CRS.5 Apparently, crenotherapy acts as an anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, and mucus and trophic regulator, thereby boosting the body’s immune defenses. According to Cantone et al.,4 crenotherapy induces vasodilatation and capillary permeability; stimulates the synthesis of IgAs; and reduces serum and tissue levels of IgE, thereby improving mucociliary clearance. The difficult evaluation of crenotherapy efficacy is also due to the fact that this therapy is slow acting (6,7). The efficacy of tubal catheterizations was also reported in post-surgical ears (8). In this review we try to present the state of clinical research in this field. Key Words: sinonasal diseases; acute or chronic rhinosinusitis; Eustachian tube dysfunction; middle ear problems; tubal catheterizations. References 1. Bhattacharyya N, Orlandi RR, Grebner J, Martinson M. Cost burden of chronic rhinosinusitis: a claims- based study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 144:440–445. 2. Bhatia R, Chauhan A, Rana M, Kaur K, Pradhan P, Singh M. Economic Burden of Otitis Media Globally and an Overview of the Current Scenario to Alleviate the Disease Burden: A Systematic Review. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;28: e552-e558. 3. Dunn JD, Dion GR, McMains KC. Efficacy of nasal irrigations and nebulizations for nasal symptom relief. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013; 2:248-5. 4. Cantone E, Maione N, Di Rubbo V, Esposito F, Iengo M. Olfactory performance after crenotherapy in chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly. Laryngoscope. 2015; 125:1529-34. 5. Ottaviano G, Marioni G, Staffieri C, Giacomelli L, Marchese-Ragona R, Bertolin A, Staffieri A. Effects of sulfurous, salty, bromic, iodic thermal water nasal irrigations in nonallergic chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical, and cytological study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011; 32:235- 9. 6. de Bourguesdon JM. Contrôle impédancemétrique de la créntothérapie sulfarée des dysfonctionnements tubaires. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1977; 94:151-64 7. de Collogny LG, Lafaye M, Veyre A, Bruneaud D, Callier J, Meyniel G. Exploration physiologique de la trompe par les molécules marquées. Application à la surveillance thérapeutique. Ann Otolaryngol Chir mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:alessandromartini@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Cervicofac. 1977; 94:233-43. 8. Aben-Moha G, Despreaux G, Biaggi S, Varene A, Saliba N, Fleury P. La place des insufflations tubaires dans les suites opératoires des cavités d'évidement. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1985; 102:263-6. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 073 AQTOX Study: a single blind controlled pilot study on aquatic therapy after spasticity treatment with botulinum toxin injection Marcante A (1), Vantin S (1,2), Perini E (2), Antonello V (1), Gasparella L (1), Picelli A (2), Ortolani L (1) (1) UOC Functional Recovery and Rehabilitation - Lonigo, ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy; (2) Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy E-mail: andrea.marcante@aulss8.veneto.it Spasticity is the cause of several issues in patients affected by upper motor neuron syndrome. It determines pain, discomfort as far as joint contractures, reducing functional mobility and has been estimated to affect 38% of stroke survivors after 12 months. Spasticity management may include various treatment options including botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A), used to provoke a chemical denervation of hypertonic muscles. Rehabilitation after BoNT-A injections is crucial to obtain better results on patients affected by spasticity,1 however there is still lack of evidence regarding which rehabilitation approach is the best.2 In this pilot study we investigate the effects of aquatic therapy as rehabilitation therapy after BoNT-A injection for spasticity treatment.3 We randomized 20 patients, all affected by spasticity of heterogeneous etiologies (stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, etc.). 10 were assigned to the control group and 10 to the experimental group. All patients were treated with BonT-A injections and then the control group received standard physiotherapy treatment, while Experimental group received aquatic therapy. We found the experimental treatment to be safe and well tolerated even for patients with a high grade of disability. No significant adverse effects were observed in both groups. Experimental group expressed high scores on self-reporting satisfaction forms regarding treatments received. In terms of efficacy (measured with range of motion of different key joints and Modified Ashwoth scale) there was not inferiority of experimental treatment versus conventional physiotherapy. To date, this is the first study that investigates the effects of aquatic therapy as adjunctive treatment after BoNT-A injections for spasticity management Key words: spasticity, botulinum toxin, aquatic therapy References 1. Demetrios M, Khan F, Turner-Stokes L, Brand C, McSweeney S. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation following botulinum toxin and other focal intramuscular treatment for post-stroke spasticity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD009689. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009689.pub2. PMID: 23740539. 2. Mills PB, Finlayson H, Sudol M, O'Connor R. Systematic review of adjunct therapies to improve outcomes following botulinum toxin injection for treatment of limb spasticity. Clin Rehabil. 2016 Jun;30(6):537-48 3. Becker BE. Aquatic therapy: scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation applications. PM R. 2009 Sep;1(9):859-72. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.05.017. PMID: 19769921 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 074 Method of pelvic symmetry recovery in musculoskeletal disorders Nikolay M. Borisov (1), Kirill V. Terentev (2), Andrey S. Aleinikov (1), Rinat R. Bogdanov (2), Natalia P. Sanina (3) (1) Quintessence Clinic, Moscow, Russia; (2) National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia; (3) Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named M.F. Vladimirskiy. Moskow, Russia. E-mail: Kirillterentev184@gmail.com In recent years, there have been important changes in approaches to patient rehabilitation, taking into account the understanding of the importance of biomechanical characteristics and structural organization of the musculoskeletal system (MSB). Biomechanical properties and interaction of both superficial and deep fascia with various muscle groups allows for modern methods of physical and rehabilitation medicine. Given the various biomechanical properties of these structures, the study sets the task of recovery the pelvic symmetry, joints and muscles in relation to the spine in different Fig 36. Method of pelvic symmetry recovery in musculoskeletal disorders mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:andrea.marcante@aulss8.veneto.it mailto:Kirillterentev184@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it planes. A clinical study led to the use of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal disorders (Figure 36). The results of the studies showed the effectiveness of the technique in the rehabilitation of scoliosis, myofascial syndromes, sacroiliitis, cervical and facial dystonia, treatment of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions. Innovative approaches to rehabilitation can be offered in health resorts due to their advantages and ease of implementation. Key words: Pelvic asymmetry; musculoskeletal system; fascial system; biomechanical characteristic; scoliosis; TMJ dysfunctions. References 1. Stecco C, Schleip R. A fascia and the fascial system. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Jan;20(1):139-140. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.11.012. Epub 2015 Nov 23. PMID: 26891649. 2. Stecco A, Stern R, Fantoni I, De Caro R, Stecco C. Fascial Disorders: Implications for Treatment. PM R. 2016 Feb;8(2):161-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jun 14. PMID: 26079868. 3. Jung JY, Cha EJ, Kim KA, Won Y, Bok SK, Kim BO, Kim JJ. Influence of pelvic asymmetry and idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents on postural balance during sitting. Biomed Mater Eng. 2015;26 Suppl 1:S601-10. doi: 10.3233/BME-151351. PMID: 26406054. 4. Yu Q, Huang H, Zhang Z, Hu X, Li W, Li L, Chen M, Liang Z, Lo WLA, Wang C. The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the global postural system. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Sep 5;21(1):596. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03617-3. PMID: 32891129; PMCID: PMC7487478. 5. Balint B, Mencacci NE, Valente EM, Pisani A, Rothwell J, Jankovic J, Vidailhet M, Bhatia KP. Dystonia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Sep 20;4(1):25. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0023-6. Erratum in: Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Oct 19;4(1):37. doi: 10.1038/s41572- 018-0039-y. PMID: 30237473. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 075 Rehabilitation approach to recover post-stroke diaphragm dysfunction Elena Yu. Starkova (1), Evgeniya M. Tsvetkova (1, 2), Ekaterina A. Melnikova (1), Nadezhda N. Vladimirova (2), Vladislav Yu. Litau (1) (1) Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky; (2).Federal State Budget Institute "Central clinical hospital with polyclinic" of the office of the President of the Russian Federation. E-mail: elena.starkova@inbox.ru Diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle, and it also helps to maintain intra-abdominal pressure, balance, and other vital functions. Unilateral diaphragmatic paresis due to stroke can lead to a number of functional impairments that complicate the recovery process. Timely diagnosis and appropriate rehabilitation strategy applications may improve the effectiveness of the entire rehabilitation process. To conduct an objective ultrasound assessment of diaphragm parameters in patients with hemiparesis in the recovery period of a stroke. To identify the potential predictors of diaphragm dysfunction. To develop specific measures to diaphragm function recovery, including the Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) and define the potential risk factors to the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. A clinical trial of 80 patients with hemiparesis in the early and late recovery period of stroke to be presented. The ultrasound examination of the diaphragm, main rehabilitation scales evaluation, respiratory function, upper limb and balance assessment were used to assess the results; rPMS was used as a specific treatment method. Diaphragm dysfunction in patients with hemiparesis was detected in 61,3% of cases. Slightly more often (65%) in patients with ischemic type of stroke than with hemorrhagic (50%). In 100% of cases, diaphragm dysfunction was detected in the presence of severe and moderate levels of upper limb paresis (Figure 37). Significant correlations were revealed between diaphragm dysfunction and indicators of balance, upper limb function, and indicators of external respiration function. RPMS increases the effectiveness of the diaphragm function recovery by 35 %. The results of rehabilitation are significantly negatively affected by pain, low serotonin level, depression, overall patient severity, and high levels of upper limb spasticity. In conclusion, diaphragmatic dysfunction may persist in 61,3% of cases in hemiparetic patients during the first year after the stroke, which correlates with impairments in the function of external respiration, upper limb and balance. RPMS of the phrenic nerves and the diaphragm may preserve and restore the motor and contractile functions of the Fig 37. Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:elena.starkova@inbox.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it diaphragm, which improve the upper extremity and balance status. RPMS of the phrenic nerves has a number of advantages over electrical stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), since it allows achieving an effective motor response with a lower intensity of exposure, is a painless and non- invasive method, better tolerated by patients. It may increase the efficiency of rehabilitation by 35 %. Key Words: stroke; diaphragm dysfunction; rehabilitation: repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. References 1. Catalá-Ripoll J.V. et al. Incidence and predictive factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction in acute stroke // BMC Neurology. – 2020. – V. 20. – P. 1–10. DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01664-w. 2. Laghi F.A. et al. Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction // BMC Pulmonary Medicine. – 2021. – V. 21. – No 1. – P. 1–29. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01441-6. 3. Liu X. et al. Assessment of diaphragm in hemiplegic patients after stroke with ultrasound and its correlation of extremity motor and balance function // Brain Sciences. – 2022. – V. 12. – No 7. – P. 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070882. 4. Melnikova E.A., Starkova E.Y., Vladimirova N.N., Tsvetkova E.M., Litau V.Y. Methods for Diagnosing and Predicting Diaphragm Dysfunction in the Recovery Period of a Stroke: a Narrative Review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2023; 22(4):138-149. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962- 2023-22-4-138-149 5. Sandurkov B, Rapp J, Hemmert W, Gleich B. Low energy magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve - a simulation study. Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2023 Jul 25;9(5). doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/ace7d7. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 076 Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation to recover balance function in hemiparetic patients Tatyana K. Chernyavskaya (1), Elena Yu. Starkova (1), Ekaterina A. Melnikova (1), Nadezhda N. Vladimirova (2), Evgeniya M. Tsvetkova (1,2), Vladislav Yu. Litau (1) (1) Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky; (2) Federal State Budget Institute "Central clinical hospital with polyclinic" of the office of the President of the Russian Federation. E-mail: corona1974@mail.ru Balance impairment in patients with hemiparesis due to stroke requires multimodal correction. Targeted stimulation of the core muscles can increase the effectiveness of balance recovery and improve the mobility and quality of life of post-stroke patients. Development of a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to comprehensive restoration of balance function using Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) of the core muscles in patients with hemiparesis due to stroke. The results of our own prospective randomized clinical study of 90 patients in the recovery period of stroke will be presented. The results of the X-ray examination of the spine, pelvis, ultrasound examination of the abdominal and lumbar muscles, stabilometry, gait video analysis, basic rehabilitation assessment conducted. RPMS was used to stimulate the core muscles on the hemiparetic side and peripheral nerves in lumbar area (Figure 38). As a result of the treatment, reliable signs of improvement in all the main indicators of balance and gait were obtained. The results of the main group showed an 25% higher efficiency than the control group. Factors influencing balance disfunction and factors complicating the restoration of balance and gait in this category of patients were identified. The efficiency of post- stroke balance recovery may increase due to introduction of the rPMS of peripheral nerves in the lumbar region and core muscles into the rehabilitation program. Key Words: stroke; balance; repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) References 1. Kanjanapanang N, Chang KV. Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation. 2022 Oct 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. 2. Melnikova E.A., Tkachenko G.A., Tsvetkova E.M., Starkova E.Y., Vladimirova N.N., Litau V.Y. The influence of patient motivation on the motor function restoration during stroke recovery. Preliminary results of a clinical study // Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation. - 2024. - Vol. 6. - N. 2. - P. 122- 130. doi: 10.36425/rehab629104 3. Momosaki R, Yamada N, Ota E, Abo M. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for activities of daily living and functional ability in people after stroke. Fig 38. Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of (C)Abdominal Muscles and (D) of roots of the lumbar nerves. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-4-138-149 https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-4-138-149 mailto:corona1974@mail.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 23;6(6):CD011968. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011968.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 30;11:CD011968 4. Sakai K, Yasufuku Y, Kamo T, Ota E, Momosaki R. Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation for Patients After Stroke. Stroke. 2020 Jun;51(6):e105-e106. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029373. Epub 2020 Apr 21. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 077 Taopatch nanotechnology integrated into hearing aids, improves the parameters of the balance in hearing- impaired subjects Andrea Fabris (1), Francesca Campoli (1), Patrizia Proia (2), Donatella Di Corrado (3) Elvira Padua (1), Giuseppe Messina (1) (1) Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; (2) Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; (3) Department of Sport Sciences, Kore University, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy E-mail: andrea.fabris@uniroma5.it Hearing loss, or hypoacusis, is a prevalent condition, particularly among older adults, characterized by partial or total inability to perceive sound. Beyond its impact on communication and quality of life, hearing loss has been increasingly associated with balance disorders and postural instability, leading to a higher risk of falls.1,2 The auditory and vestibular systems are interconnected, and alterations in auditory input may affect postural control mechanisms. Taopatch® (Tao Technologies, Italy) is an innovative device utilizing nanotechnology to act as a neuromodulator. It combines quantum dots activated by body heat and sunlight, emitting near-infrared and far- infrared light, which has been shown to improve postural stability.3 Given the established link between hearing and posture, this study explores the integration of Taopatch® technology into hearing aids. The aim of this study is to assess whether this combined approach can provide postural benefits to patients with hearing loss, potentially mitigating the associated risks of instability and falls. 40 subjects, 19 men and 21 women, with hearing loss (77.28 ± 15.58 years) were recruited through Audioclinik, a company specializing in hearing aids. Each participant was evaluated while wearing both a standard hearing aid and a hearing aid integrated with Taopatch® technology. Postural measurements were conducted using a SensorMedica® stabilometric platform with Motux software installed, and stabilometric parameters were compared between the two conditions (Figure 39). The collected data were analyzed using statistical software to calculate the mean percentage variation of the parameters and assess statistical significance through t-tests Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction (p-value < 0.05) in key stabilometric parameters when using hearing aids integrated with Taopatch® technology compared to standard hearing aids.4 Specifically, improvements included a reduction in sway path length, mean velocity, and mean acceleration. In the static analysis, an average percentage increase in the support surface area was observed for both feet, with a 14.9% increase for the right foot and a 12.4% increase for the left foot. Integrating Taopatch® technology into hearing aids demonstrates promising effects in improving postural stability among hearing-impaired individuals (Figure40). The observed reductions in sway and improved balance parameters suggest that this novel approach could have meaningful clinical implications, particularly in mitigating fall risks associated with hearing loss. Further studies could explore long-term outcomes and applications in broader patient populations. Key words: Nanotechnological device, hearing loss, posture References 1. Thomas E, Martines F, Bianco A, Messina G, Giustino V, Zangla D, Iovane A, Palma A. Decreased postural control in people with moderate hearing loss. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Apr;97(14):e0244. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010244. PMID: 29620637; PMCID: PMC5902301. Fig 39. Case study during stabilometric analysis using the SensorMedica Fig 40 Comparison of Contact Surface (cm²) Between Standard and Nanotechnological Devices. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:andrea.fabris@uniroma5.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2. Lin FR, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss and falls among older adults in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Feb 27;172(4):369-71. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.728. PMID: 22371929; PMCID: PMC3518403. 3. Messina G, Amato A, Alioto A, Stallone R, Rizzo F, Ragonese P, Fischetti F, Genua D, Francavilla V, Iovane A, Proia P. A new road to improve vitamin D and balance through Taopatch® and proprioceptive protocol in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 Sep 16;32(4):10774. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10774. 4. Carbonari B, Balducci F, Cesaretti G, Cesanelli L, Botticelli D, Messina G. Performance, balance and posture variations with Occlusal Splint and Taopatch® devices: a retrospettive cross-over study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Feb;61(2):317-323. doi:10.23736/S0022-4707. 20.11053-3. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 32744040. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 078 Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treatment through the PosturalSpine® D’Amanti Method and the Chêneau brace. A case study, Alfredo D’Amanti (1), Carmelo D’Amanti (2), Francesca Campoli (2), Elvira Padua(2), Giuseppe Messina (2) (1) School of Specialization in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; (2) Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy E-mail: alfredo.damanti@unifi.it Scoliosis, a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine, involves lateral curvature and vertebral rotation, impacting the frontal, coronal, and sagittal planes. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most prevalent form, with treatment strategies varying based on severity. AIS often manifests with physical asymmetries, such as chest deformities and trunk imbalances, and disproportionately affects females (female-to-male ratio of 3:1 to 5:1).1 Left untreated, scoliosis can lead to worsening curvature, biomechanical dysfunction, and quality-of-life impairments.2 Management of scoliosis varies based on curvature severity and skeletal maturity, with therapeutic options including observation for mild cases, bracing for moderate curves, and surgical interventions for severe deformities. Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) are frequently integrated into conservative management to enhance postural alignment, strengthen musculature, and mitigate curvature progression.3 Recent innovations, such as the PosturalSpine® D’Amanti method, integrate advanced biomechanical and proprioceptive exercises performed on a specialized bench to enhance therapeutic outcomes.4,5 This case report describes the treatment of an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with a 32° thoracolumbar rotoscoliosis of likely hereditary origin. Corrective therapy, initiated at Studio Kinesis in Ragusa, combined the use of the Chêneau brace with a 24-month rehabilitation program utilizing the PosturalSpine® bench, patented by Prof. Carmelo D’Amanti (Figure 41). The program included eight monthly sessions of 30 minutes each, focusing on targeted exercises designed to improve body awareness, breathing mechanics, spinal alignment, and overall posture. The PosturalSpine® bench allowed for precise, patient-specific adjustments using features such as an anti-gravity cushion, customizable straps, and dynamic angular components. Radiographic evaluations were performed at baseline and during follow-up assessments at 7, 12, and 24 months to monitor changes in the thoracolumbar Cobb angle. (Figure 42). The results revealed a significant reduction in the Cobb angle from 32° to 9°, with the most pronounced improvement occurring during the initial 12 months. However, a slight regression from 7° to 9° was observed in the final year, coinciding with a 10 cm growth spurt. This underscores the challenges of managing scoliosis Fig 42. Left: The PosturalSpine® bench. Rigth: Case study while performing exercises on the PosturalSpine® bench Fig 41. Corrective therapy, initiated at Studio Kinesis in Ragusa, combined the use of the Chêneau brace with a 24-month rehabilitation program utilizing the PosturalSpine® bench, patented by Prof. Carmelo D’Amanti. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:alfredo.damanti@unifi.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it during periods of rapid physical development, as well as the need for adaptable treatment protocols to counteract growth- related biomechanical changes. The combination of the PosturalSpine® D’Amanti method and Chêneau brace demonstrated substantial efficacy in reducing scoliotic curvature and improving postural alignment. This innovative approach underscores the potential of integrating advanced kinesiotherapy techniques with traditional bracing in scoliosis management. However, the study’s results are derived from a single case, necessitating further research with larger, more diverse cohorts to validate the observed benefits and optimize protocols for long-term management. Future investigations should also explore the role of growth-phase adaptations, adherence strategies, and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in shaping scoliosis progression and treatment outcomes. Key words: PosturalSpine® bench, Kinesis; health; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, posture. References 1. Konieczny, M.R.; Senyurt, H.; Krauspe, R. Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Child Orthop 2013, 7, 3-9, doi:10.1007/s11832-012-0457-4. 2. Scaturro, D.; Rizzo, S.; Sanfilippo, V.; Giustino, V.; Messina, G.; Martines, F.; Falco, V.; Cuntrera, D.; Moretti, A.; Iolascon, G., et al. Effectiveness of Rehabilitative Intervention on Pain, Postural Balance, and Quality of Life in Women with Multiple Vertebral Fragility Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021, 6, doi:10.3390/jfmk6010024. 3. Weiss, H. R. The growing spine and scoliosis treatment. European Spine Journal, 2011. 20(9), 1372–1381. 4. D’Amanti C., Cusumano A., Messina G., Correlazione tra apparato stomatognatico e atteggiamento scoliotico: studio sperimentale protocollo PosturalSpine™ “riequilibrio posturale integrato con PosturalSpine™”. Researchgate. 2018. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15686.37442. 5. Campoli F, Parisi M.C., Zoffoli A., Di Corrado D., Francavilla V., Padua E. and Messina G. New horizons for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treatment through PosturalSpine® D’Amanti Method. Eur J Transl Myol in press 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 079 Nanotechnology and athletic performance: Taopatch and athletic excellence Andrea Pagliaro, et al., Dept. Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; and PLab Research Institute, Palermo, Italy Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 080 Application of mindfulness techniques in the treatment of stress and eating disorders in the patients with type 1 diabetes. The need to reconnect mind and body Marina Terenteva (1), Tatyana Lutsenko (1), Rita Cabassa (2) (1) Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after MF Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia; (2) Clinic Mindfulness, Madrid, Spain E-mail: marinaterentyeva@gmail.com Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental disorders characterized by pathological attitudes toward food, body weight, and body image. The most common forms of EDs include anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. The danger of transmission in type 1 diabetics is that they do not feel full from food. Traditional treatment methods include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), but in recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the integration of mindfulness techniques into therapeutic programs. The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques in the treatment of EDs in the patients with type 1 diabetes (Figure 43). Mindfulness practices can improve emotional regulation, which is especially important for people with eating disorders, who often have difficulty managing their emotions, especially in the patients with type 1 diabetes. Mindfulness can help reduce anxiety and depression, which in turn can reduce the need to use unhealthy eating habits as a coping mechanism. The integration of mindfulness techniques into the treatment of eating disorders EDs in the patients with type 1 diabetes is a promising direction that helps improve emotional regulation, reduce stress levels, normalizes glycemic levels and develop healthy well-being. Recent advancements in neuroscience and rehabilitative science underscore the critical interplay between mental and physical processes in optimizing muscle movement and overall health. The imperative to reconnect mind and body within the realm of muscle movement healthcare, arguing that an integrative approach can significantly enhance patient outcomes and rehabilitation strategies. Key words: mindfulness, eating disorders, mind and body reconnect, optimizing muscle movement. Key words: mindfulness; eating disorders; mind and body reconnect; optimizing muscle movement. Fig 43. Mindfulness techniques in the treatment of stress and eating disorders in the patients with type 1 diabetes. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:marinaterentyeva@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it References 1. Shirin, H., et al. (2024). Body Scan Meditation for Binge Eating. Mindfulness. 2. Nicholls, B., Ang, C. S., Kanjo, E., Siriaraya, P., Yeo, W.-H., & Tsanas, A. (2019). An EMG-based Eating Behaviour Monitoring System with Haptic Feedback to Promote Mindful Eating. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.10917. 3. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). (2007). Meditation-Based Treatment for Binge Eating. ClinicalTrials.gov. 4. Ospina MB, Bond K, Karkhaneh M, et al. Clinical trials of meditation practices in health care: characteristics and quality. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2008 Dec;14(10):1199– 1213. 5. Regehr C, Glancy D, Pitts A. Interventions to reduce stress in university students: a review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders. 2013 May 15;148(1):1– 11. 6. Shapiro SL, S DE, S GE, Grossman P, N L, S S, W H. Stress management in medical education: a review of the literature Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. Academic Medicine. 2000;75(7) 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 081 Biodental engineering in research and innovation of dental implants Sarkis Sozkes (1,2) (1) Department of Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Turkey; (2) Department of Bioengineering, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, U.A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, USA. E-mail: ssozkes@fgcu.edu Biodental engineering is a novel topic in dentistry that combines dental and engineering sciences. In this publication, examples of biodental engineering applications and developments are reviewed with the focus on the dental implantology. The rapidly growing topic of biodental engineering is an example of integrated research that has enormous engineering potential for facilitating future dental applications, dental equipment, dental materials, and dental science research.1 Biodental Engineering (BDE) aims to solidify understanding of engineering applied to dentistry as a medical specialty with unique characteristics and wide- ranging applications. Biodental engineering covers from a scientific and relevant engineering aspect, such topics including prosthetics mechanics, orthodontics, dental implantology, dental materials, dental radiography-imaging systems, dental CAD-CAM technology and dental equipments. The current most favored approach for replacing missing teeth is dental implants. To achieve successful implant treatments that enhance both aesthetics and functionality, it is crucial to ensure precise placement of the implants.2,3 Research examining the accuracy of robot- assisted dental implant placement in relation to freehand techniques, dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery, and static computer-assisted implant surgery is compared in this publication.4-6 Aside from the need for minimal to no dentist involvement, a completely autonomous robot should ideally incorporate artificial intelligence (AI); therefore, the arrangement, functioning, and process closely resemble those of robot-assisted implantology, but the entire implant surgery may be performed solely by autonomous dental robots in the future. Key words: Biodental engineering; dental implants; biomaterials; artificial intelligence, robot-guided implantology. References 1. Matsumoto T, Egusa H, Kato K, Tsuji T. Biodental engineering. journal of oral biosciences. 2015 May 1;57(2):80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.job.2015.01. 2. Rawal S. Guided innovations: Robot-assisted dental implant surgery. J Prosthet Dent. 2022 May;127(5):673- 674. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.029. Epub 2022 May 26. PMID: 35643826. 3. Wang M, Liu F, Zhao X, Wu Y. Robot-assisted surgery for dental implant placement: A narrative review. J Dent. 2024 Jul;146:105034. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105034. Epub 2024 May 9. PMID: 38729287. 4. Khaohoen A, Powcharoen W, Sornsuwan T, Chaijareenont P, Rungsiyakull C, Rungsiyakull P. Accuracy of implant placement with computer-aided static, dynamic, and robot-assisted surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Mar 21;24(1):359. doi: 10.1186/s12903- 024-04033-y. PMID: 38509530; PMCID: PMC10956322. 5. Ravipati V, Mathews J, Altuhafy M, Nagi R, Khan J. Accuracy of Dental Implant Placement using Robotics. A Systematic Review of in vitro Studies. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2024 Sep 1;32(3):287-300. doi: 10.1922/EJPRD_2669Ravipati14. PMID: 38691616. 6. Pisla D, Bulbucan V, Hedesiu M, Vaida C, Zima I, Mocan R, Tucan P, Dinu C, Pisla D, Team Project Group. A Vision-Guided Robotic System for Safe Dental Implant Surgery. J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 23;13(21):6326. doi: 10.3390/jcm13216326. PMID: 39518466; PMCID: PMC11546886. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 082 3D and virtual reality techniques for planning, training and education of complex anatomical disorders Paolo Gargiulo (1,2), Riccardo Forni (1), Damiano Coato (1), Gianmarco Dolino(1), Arnar Evgení Gunnarsson (3), Halldór Jónsson jr (3) (1) Department of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:ssozkes@fgcu.edu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Iceland; (2) Department of Science, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; (3) Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland E-mail: paolo@ru.is Universities face challenges in adopting advanced technologies to enhance education and collaboration. This development project focuses on integrating 3D Modelling and virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies into healthcare education. This work aims to revolutionize education, training and research, by improving accessibility and understanding anatomies from pathological and healthy cases. The project developed different training models, creating a Real Anatomy Interactive Library (RAIL) from MRI/CT data. Additionally, we built a VR-based RHAA and developed an AR environments for realistic training and simulations. The key benefits of this application are the innovative teaching paradigms introduced with RAIL, and a unique platform for interactive healthcare education. Key Words: 3D and virtual reality techniques; planning, training and education; complex anatomical disorders. References 1. Okuda, Yasuharu, Ethan O. Bryson, Samuel DeMaria Jr, Lisa Jacobson, Joshua Quinones, Bing Shen, and Adam I. Levine. "The utility of simulation in medical education: what is the evidence?." Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine 76, no. 4 (2009): 330-343. 2. Gargiulo, Paolo, ed. Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing: Applications, Integration, and New Directions. Elsevier, 2023. 3. Slagmolen, Pieter, and Antonio Fratini. "New directions for preoperative planning: impact from emerging 3D technologies." In Handbook of Surgical Planning and 3D Printing, pp. 409-423. Academic Press, 2023. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 83 Virtual Muscle Histology: towards an AI characterization in healthy and pathological conditions Riccardo Forni (1,2), Andrea Colacino (3), Marco Recenti (1) Monica Franzese (3), Cristiana Corsi (2), Paolo Gargiulo (1,4) (1) Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavik University, Iceland; (2) Department of Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy; (3) IRCSS SynLab, Napoli Gianturco, Italy; (4) Department of Science, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland E-mail: riccardo21@ru.is Muscle tissue characterization plays a fundamental role in diagnosing and monitoring various pathological conditions, yet current methods often rely on invasive biopsies or subjective clinical assessments. In this study, we introduce Virtual Muscle Histology, an artificial intelligence-driven framework designed to classify muscle condition and establish links between imaging biomarkers and clinical conditions. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, we extracted and analysed radiodensitometric, textural, and morphological features from medical imaging data to distinguish between healthy and pathological muscle states, detecting cardiomyopathies with more than 85% accuracy. The developed models demonstrated high classification performance and provided insights into the underlying alterations in muscle composition associated with disease progression, adding a longitudinal prevision on muscle degeneration. Furthermore, feature importance analysis revealed key imaging biomarkers that correlate with clinical parameters, enhancing the interpretability of AI-driven predictions reporting how clinical info are usually good for a first screening and later image-based features can detect the correct pathological condition. Our findings underscore the potential of artificial intelligence in non- invasive muscle tissue assessment, bridging for more accurate and personalized diagnostic strategies in clinical practice. Key Words: Virtual Muscle Histology; AI characterization; healthy and pathological conditions. References 1. Ricciardi, Carlo, et al. "Assessing cardiovascular risks from a mid-thigh CT image: a tree-based machine learning approach using radiodensitometric distributions." Scientific reports 10.1 (2020): 2863. 2. Recenti, Marco, et al. "Testing soft tissue radiodensity parameters interplay with age and self-reported physical activity." European journal of translational myology 31.3 (2021). 3. Forni, Riccardo, et al. "Virtual Histology of the Heart Through CT Imaging: Preliminary Results of a Novel Noninvasive Approach for Cardiac Tissue Characterization." 2023 Computing in Cardiology (CinC). Vol. 50. IEEE, 2023. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 084 3D printed patient specific anatomy of cartilage tissue Damiano Coato (1,2), Gianmarco Dolino (1,2), AliceBerardo (2,3,4), Emanuele L. Carniel (2,3), Paolo Gargiulo (1) (1) Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland; (2) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (3) Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; (4) Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy E-mail: paolo@ru.is The advancement of additive manufacturing has enabled the creation of highly customized biomedical models with precise control over geometry and material properties. This mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:paolo@ru.is mailto:riccardo21@ru.is mailto:paolo@ru.is European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it research focuses on developing patient-specific synthetic cartilage using innovative Digital Anatomy polymers. The objectives include: i) the design and fabrication of a synthetic 3D-printed tibial plate, complete with tibial cartilages, aimed at replicating the mechanical behavior and morphology of their biological counterparts and ii) the design and mechanical characterization of fiber-reinforced polymers that take inspiration from cartilage’s native microarchitecture. This approach offers potential alternatives to traditional manufacturing methods and reduces the need for expensive in vivo experiments.1 The synthetic tibial plateau is designed using patient-specific anatomical data and employs advanced multi-material printing technologies to mimic the complex biomechanical properties of cartilage tissues. Furthermore, the tibial plateau incorporates a gradient of properties within the model, thus rely on a combination of materials for emulating the stiffness variations across different regions of the tibial cartilages.2 Mechanical testing validates the performance of the synthetic construct, demonstrating comparable stress distribution, stiffness, and deformation characteristics to those of a natural tibial cartilage (Figure 44). The Young’s modulus values of the synthetic cartilage ranges from 2.43 MPa to 7.24 MPa,3,4 comparable to a distribution of biological tissues’ properties reported in the literature. In the second part, CAD design is utilized to create fiber-reinforced samples that imitate the layered micro-architecture of biological cartilage tissue, allowing for the study of fibers’ contribution to the mechanical properties of the composite. This work showcases the transformative power of 3D printing in producing anatomically accurate and biomechanically functional synthetic models, offering invaluable tools for preclinical testing, surgical training, and implant development. Key Words: Knee; cartilage; 3D printing; mechanical testing. References 1. F. K. Ciliberti et al., "Development of Synthetic 3D Printed Knee Joint to Assess Mechanical and Functional Properties of Degenerative Cartilage," 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), Milano, Italy, 2023, pp. 628-633. 2. Deneweth, Jessica M., et al. Heterogeneity of tibial plateau cartilage in response to a physiological compressive strain rate. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2013, 31.3: 370-375. 3. G. Dolino, D. Coato, R. Forni, G. Boretti, F.K. Ciliberti, P. Gargiulo, “Designing a Synthetic 3D-Printed Knee Cartilage: FEA Model, Micro-Structure and Mechanical Characteristics”. Appl. Sci., 14, pp. 1-16, 2024. 4. R. Forni et al., "Towards Bio-Mimetic 3D Printable Human Anatomies," 2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), St Albans, United Kingdom, 2024, pp. 1016-1021. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 085 Cohort studies using 3D-CT are needed to assess whether "home Gym-Bed" exercises are beneficial against sarcopenia, Daniele Coraci Abstract: WITHDRAW Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, Padua University, Italy Email: daniele.coraci@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 086 Innovative approaches in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: from neurophysiology to Artificial Intelligence Maria Chiara Maccarone (1), Elena Barzizza (2), Paola Contessa (1), Matilde Paramento (1), Edoardo Passarotto (1), Maria Rubega (1), Emanuela Formaggio (1), Riccardo Ceccato (2), Luigi Salmaso (2), Stefano Masiero (1) (1) Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Padova, Padoua; (2) Department of Management Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy. E-mail: mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three- dimensional spinal deformity with a significant impact on quality of life.1 Recent research has explored not only the biomechanical and structural aspects but also the neurophysiological factors involved in AIS progression. 2 Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising tool for predicting curve progression and optimizing therapeutic decisions, including brace prescription.3 The aim of this study was to investigate the latest advancements in neurophysiology and artificial intelligence applied to the treatment and management of Fig 44.Young’s modulus comparison of presented materials with different literature sources. References come from healthy patients and different sites within the knee joint.3,4 mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:daniele.coraci@unipd.it mailto:mariachiara.maccarone@phd.unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it AIS. The analysis was based on a review of recent neurophysiological studies, with a particular focus on balance and motor control deficits in AIS patients. Additionally, a predictive model developed using machine learning techniques on a database of AIS patients is presented, aimed at identifying early risk factors for progression and optimizing conservative treatment choices. Preliminary findings suggest that neurophysiological dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis and progression of AIS (Figure 45). Furthermore, the AI model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting scoliotic curve progression and optimizing brace prescription. The integration of neurophysiological approaches and AI represents an innovative frontier in AIS management. Developments in these fields could lead to more personalized and effective protocols, improving treatment adherence and reducing the need for invasive interventions. Key-words: rehabilitation; spine; balance; scoliosis; brace. References 1. Maccarone MC, Avenia M, Masiero S. Postural-motor development, spinal range of movement and caregiver burden in Prader-Willi syndrome-associated scoliosis: an observational study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Apr 22;34(2):12533. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12533. PMID: 38651535; PMCID: PMC11264224 2. Paramento M, Passarotto E, Maccarone MC, Agostini M, Contessa P, Rubega M, Formaggio E, Masiero S. Neurophysiological, balance and motion evidence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2024 May 22;19(5):e0303086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303086. PMID: 38776317; PMCID: PMC11111046. 3. Maccarone MC, Barzizza E, Contessa P, Biancato A, Caregnato A, Fontana R, Ceccato R, Salmaso L, Masiero S. Lessons from the pandemic era: do we need new strategies to improve conservative treatment adherence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A retrospective analysis. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Sep 10;34(3):12859. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12859. PMID: 39258943; PMCID: PMC11487651. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 087 Quantitative 3D-CT Imaging for Sarcopenia Mitigation and Muscle Symmetry Restoration in an Elderly Subject: A Longitudinal Case Study (2014-2024) Marco Quadrelli (1), Tommaso Baccaglini (1), Simone Perandini (2), Mario Isoletta (1), Gianluca Zilio (1), Tommy Siviero (1), Silvia Varotto (1), Reddy Badon (1), Roberta Cazzaro (1), Francesca Zulian (1), Claudio Parisi (1), Stefano D'Este (1), Aldo Morra (1,3) (1) Synlab Euganea Medica, Padua, Italy; (2) Radi.Cloud, Verona, Italy; (3) Synlab SDN Napoli Spa, Naples, Italy E-mail: marcoquadrelli@synlab.it Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and function, represents a significant challenge for the elderly population, particularly in individuals with pre- existing musculoskeletal asymmetries due to trauma. This study analyzes the long-term impact of the Full-Body In- Bed Gym (FBBG) program on muscle symmetry, volume, and radiodensity in elderly subjects with a history of Fig 45. Preliminary findings suggest that neurophysiological dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis and progression of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). Fig 46. 2D coronal CT scan of the lower limbs with X-ray-like reconstruction. Fig 47. 3D CT scan of the lower limb bones. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:marcoquadrelli@synlab.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it bilateral lower limb fractures. A longitudinal study was conducted on an 81-year-old man who suffered fractures in both legs in 1969. Three CT scans were performed: in 2014 (baseline), in 2023 (after 9 years of FBBG), and in 2024 (after an additional year of intensified training). The analysis included 3D volumetric segmentation and radiodensitometry to evaluate changes in muscle mass and quality over time. Muscle asymmetry was measured to determine the compensatory effects of the exercise intervention (Figure 46, 47, 48). Between 2014 and 2023, the total muscle volume of the left leg increased by 15% and that of the right leg by 6%, with particularly significant growth in the Tibialis Anterior and Soleus muscles. Radiodensity decreased by 12-17 HU over the same period, but at a slower rate than the normal aging- related decline. • The volumetric asymmetry between the fractured left leg and the right leg decreased from 10% (2014) to 6-8% (2023) and subsequently to 4-5% (2024) after one year of intensified training. • The last year of more intense training contributed to nearly 40% reduction of the overall asymmetry, suggesting that higher training loads could be more effective in the later stages of rehabilitation. • Muscle function in the left leg improved, with greater stability during standing and walking, potentially reducing the risk of falls. • Radiodensity slightly decreased by 2 HU between 2023 and 2024, but muscle quality remained above expected sarcopenic trends. The Full-Body In-Bed Gym protocol contributed to a progressive recovery of lower limb muscle asymmetry, with functional improvements and compensation of muscle mass in the previously injured leg. These results suggest that long- term home-based exercise programs can counteract post- traumatic muscle loss and prevent sarcopenia in the elderly. Furthermore, the use of 3D computed tomography proves to be a highly effective method for monitoring muscle adaptation over time. Studies on larger cohorts will help determine whether exercise can improve muscle performance not only in the leg muscles but also in other anatomical districts. Key words: Sarcopenia; 3D-CT Imaging; Lower Limb Fractures; Full-Body In-Bed Gym; Aging Rehabilitation. References 1. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Effects of the Full- Body in-Bed Gym program on quality of life, pain and risk of sarcopenia in elderly sedentary individuals: preliminary positive results of a Padua prospective observational study. Eur J Transl Myol. 2023 Sep 26;33(3):11780. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11780. PMID: 37753778; PMCID: PMC10583150. 2. Quadrelli M, Baccaglini T, Morra A. Quantitative 3D- CT imaging of sarcopenia mitigation in the elderly: evidence from a case report. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Jun 28;34(2):12715. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12715. PMID: 38949084; PMCID: PMC11264214. 3. Maccarone MC, Caregnato A, Regazzo G, Carriero A, Casellato G, Finamoni C, Jirillo R, Laskova O, Marigo E, Sánchez DY, Seno I, Venturin C, Veronese H, Ravara B, Giurati W, Carraro U, Masiero S. Maccarone et al.'s comments on Cohort studies using 3D-CT are needed to assess whether "home Gym-Bed" exercises are beneficial against sarcopenia. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Sep 20;34(3):13132. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13132. PMID: 39324557; PMCID: PMC11487650. 4. Quadrelli M, Baccaglini T, Morra A. Quadrelli et al.'s comments on Cohort studies using 3D-CT are needed to assess whether "home Gym-Bed" exercises are beneficial against sarcopenia. Eur J Transl Myol. 2024 Sep 20;34(3):13135. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.13135. PMID: 39356236; PMCID: PMC11487634.5. 5. Vogt B, Gosheger G, Wirth T, Horn J, Rödl R. Leg length discrepancy—treatment indications and strategies. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Aug 28;117(35- 36):585-591. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0585. PMID: 32865491. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 088 Innovative method for diagnosis and treatment of cranio-mandibular disorders Frank Saxler (1), Elena P. Ivanova (2), Andrey Lobanov (3) (1) MedicBite Сlinic, Cologne, Germany; (2) Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirskiy; (3) Quintessence Clinic, Moscow, Russia E-mail: elenapivanova7@gmail.com At present the main study in dentistry is interdisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment and innovative Fig 48.2D coronal CT scan of the lower limbs with X-ray-like reconstruction. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:elenapivanova7@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it technologies development in the healthcare system. Medical position of dentists according holistic approach to the full body treatment require a deeper understanding of relations between postural, joints, neuromuscular condition and right functional occlusion (Figure 49). The unique algorithm determines the optimal distribution of force and the position of the lower jaw to the upper jaw. Our goal is to achieve pressure relief in the cranial sutures, head nerves, brainstem, and jaw muscles. This biomechanical principle is integrated into the guides, which through their precise and large-scale design, provide immediate relief and balance to the cranial joints during swallowing and biting. The specially designed and globally unique guides “reverse - sport – sleep” lead to a harmonious sense of well-being and an immediate increase in strength. The upper and lower jaw guides correct physical asymmetries and lead them to their orthopedic and functional starting position. The reverse guide resets all regulatory systems and corrects a variety of issues, such as physical misalignments and health complaints. The sport guide optimizes performance enhancement and shortens recovery time after training or injuries. The sleep guide improves sleep quality and reduces stress. Key words: interdisciplinary approach, functional diagnosis and treatment; functional occlusion; cranio- mandibular disorders References 1. Baldini A, Nota A, Tripodi D, Longoni S, Cozza P. Evaluation of the correlation between dental occlusion and posture using a force platform. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013 Jan;68(1):45-9. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(01)oa07. PMID: 23420156; PMCID: PMC3552467.. 2. Cuccia AM. Interrelationships between dental occlusion and plantar arch. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2011;15(2):242– 50. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.10.007 PMID: 21419367 3. Saccucci M, Tettamanti L, Mummolo S, Polimeni A, Festa F, Tecco S. Scoliosis and dental occlusion: a review of the literature. Scoliosis. 2011 Jul 29;6:15. doi: 10.1186/1748-7161-6-15. PMID: 21801357; PMCID: PMC3162939. 4. Ohlendorf D, Seebach K, Hoerzer S, Nigg S, Kopp S. The effects of a temporarily manipulated dental occlusion on the position of the spine: a comparison during standing and walking. Spine J. 2014 Oct 1;14(10):2384-91. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.01.045. Epub 2014 Jan 31. PMID: 24486478. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 089 Bruxism and oral mucosa; new relationships to investigate? Mariana Dimova-Gabrovska (1,2) (1) Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the Medical University of Sofia; (2) Faculty of Dental Medicine. E-mail: marianadimova@abv.bg The term “bruxism” defines parafunctional clenching and/or grinding of teeth caused by involuntary rhythmic or spasmodic nonfunctional contraction of the masticatory muscles.1,2 It is believed that daytime and nighttime bruxism are diseases,3 the consequences of which cover all structures of the masticatory apparatus. Epidemiological studies indicate that between 8 and 31% of the total population exhibit clinical symptoms of bruxism.4,5 The aim of this study - to establish the changes in the oral mucosa in patients suffering from bruxism by the method of autofluorescence. The study included 190 patients with bruxism aged 35-65 Fig 50.Areas with increased keratinization and unbalanced occlusion. Pictures from the article M. Dimova-Gabrovska and L. Maksimovskaya 2021.5 Fig 49. Preliminary findings suggest that neurophysiological dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis and progression of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:marianadimova@abv.bg European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it years, the study was carried out at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria. The deviations in static and dynamic occlusion are proven by a diagnostic computer systems T-Scan (Tekscan, USA) and OccluSense® (Bausch, Germany). For registration of the changes in the oral mucosa, the Stomatoscop AFS device is used. The occlusal analysis shows an imbalance in the distribution on occlusal force and the presence of preliminary contacts. The study of changes in the oral mucosa using the autofluorescence method allows for the objective identification of hyperkeratotic changes in the buccal mucosa in most patients with bruxism (Figure 50). Hyperkeratosis of the buccal mucosa is observed, which is characterized with increased keratinization along the length of the occlusal plain. Key words: bruxism; oral mucosa; occlusal analysis; autofluorescence. References 1. Murali R, Rangarajan P, Mounissamy A. Bruxism: Conceptual discussion and review. Journal of Pharmacy Bioallied Sciences. 2015;7(1):265–270. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.155948. 2. Dimova-Gabrovska M. Algorithm for Computerized Analysis of Static, Dynamic and Functional Occlusion in Patients with Bruxism and Bruxomania. Comptes rendus de l’Académie bulgare des Sciences. 2019, 72(2): 259-266. DOI: 10.7546/CRABS.2019.02.16 ISSN 1310-1331 (Print), ISSN 2367-5535 (Online). 3. Scrivani S, Keith D, Kaban L. Temporomandibular disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359: 2693-2705. doiI: 10.1056/NEJMra0802472. 4. Hoffmann G, Kotchen J, Kotchen A, Cowley T, Dasgupta M, Cowley W. Temporomandibular Disorders and Associated Clinical Comorbidities. The Clinical Journal of Pain. 2011. March/April;27(3):268- 74. Doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820215f5. 5. Dimova-Gabrovska M, Maksimovskaya L, Dimitrova D. Oral mucosal changes in patients with bruxism. Stomatology. 2021; 100(6):48-52. doi:10.17116/ stomat202110006248. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 090 New perspectives in the myofascial pain treatment Francesca Lenci University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy ISSN 2367-5535 (Online) E-mail: francescalenci95@gmail.com Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 091 Morpho-functional safety of the stomatognathic system during sports performance: indications of the Italian Society of Sports Dentistry Alessandro Beraldi Milan, Italy Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 092 Masticatory muscles sEMG reliability in TMD patients: Preliminary results Paola Tessera, Beatrice Sfondrini, Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Andrea Scribante, Riccardo Rosati UDA di Ortognatodonzia e Odontoiatria Infantile - Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia, Italy E-mail: paola.tessera@libero.it Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a cause of non- dental orofacial pain, with complex biopsychosocial factors contributing to their development. These disorders can lead to chronic symptoms that affect patients' quality of life. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment and tests to evaluate muscle and joint pain, mobility and sound. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the masticatory muscles provides quantitative data on muscle function and symmetry with minimal discomfort. The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability of EMG assessments of the masticatory muscles in both healthy subjects (HS) (control group) and patients with TMD (study group). Each participant completed two sessions (t0 and t1) separated by 10 days. 21 patients were recruited (3 boys and 18 girls). 12 in the control group and 9 in the study group. 17 completed the protocol. The sEMG signal was standardised by maximum Fig 51. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the masticatory muscles provides quantitative data on muscle function and symmetry with minimal discomfort. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:francescalenci95@gmail.com mailto:paola.tessera@libero.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it voluntary contraction (MVC) on cotton rolls. 2 tests were performed: MVC on teeth for 5 seconds and chewing gum on the right and left side for 15 seconds. Preliminary results have shown that there are significant differences between the 2 tests in TMD patients, but not in HS. In particular, during MCV in TMD subjects POC temp, Asim and Torque values are significant, while during chewing, the number and frequency of chews and recruitment on the balancing side are significant (Figure 51). We can state that repeated tests in TMDs show greater variability than in HS, who show better test repeatability. Key words: Surface electromyography reliability; masticatory muscles adaptability; temporomandibular disorders patterns. References 1. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Miani A Jr, D'Addona A, Barbini E. Electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles in normal young people. Statistical evaluation of reference values for clinical applications. J Oral Rehabil. 1993 May;20(3):271-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2842.1993.tb01609.x. PMID: 8496733. 2. Massaroto Barros B, Biasotto-Gonzalez DA, Bussadori SK, Gomes CAFP, Politti F. Is there a difference in the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles between individuals with temporomandibular disorder and healthy controls? A systematic review with meta- analysis. J Oral Rehabil. 2020 May;47(5):672-682. doi: 10.1111/joor.12941. Epub 2020 Feb 21. PMID: 32083343. 3. Dinsdale A, Liang Z, Thomas L, Treleaven J. Is jaw muscle activity impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Rehabil. 2021 Apr;48(4):487-516. doi: 10.1111/joor.13139. Epub 2021 Jan 17. PMID: 33369753. 4. Pelai EB, Foltran-Mescollotto F, de Castro-Carletti EM, de Moraes M, Rodrigues-Bigaton D. Comparison of the pattern of activation of the masticatory muscles among individuals with and without TMD: A systematic review. Cranio. 2023 Mar;41(2):102-111. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1831836. Epub 2020 Oct 18. PMID: 33073743. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 093 Ultrasound evaluation of masseter thickness in a cohort of subjects not affected by MH: A proof of concept study Dolaji Henin (1), Riccardo Rosati (1), Maria Cristina Firetto (2), Daniela Carmagnola (1), Sila Miral (1), Gabriele Perego (1), Tommaso Parenti (1), Samuele Giandico (1), Claudia Dellavia (1) (1) Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; (2) Operative Unit of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy. E-mail: riccardo@riccardorosati.eu Masseter hypertrophy (MH) is a rare condition characterized by the benign enlargement of the masseter muscle, occurring either unilaterally or bilaterally. Clinically, MH presents as an asymmetric swelling in the mandibular angle region, which is typically painless and feels firm upon palpation when the patients clench their teeth. The exact etiology of MH remains unknown, though it is generally associated with grinding habits.1 Management options for MH include botulinum toxin type A injections, physiotherapy, and surgery.2 To monitor muscle response to treatment, ultrasonography serves as a crucial noninvasive tool for measuring masseter thickness. However, ultrasonography is known to be an operator-dependent technique.3 The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the intra- and inter-operator repeatability of masseter thickness measurements using ultrasonography in a cohort of subjects not affected by MH ii) to assess the difference in masseter thickness between contraction and resting stata, as well as between male and female subjects. Healthy young subjects with no systemic conditions, craniofacial anomalies, or evident MH were enrolled in the study. Subjects reporting bruxism, dental clenching and temporo-mandibular pain were excluded. Before the examination, participants were required to fast for at least two hours. A specific skin point was identified at the intersection of the Gonion-Exocanthion and Stomion- Tragus lines. The ultrasonography assessments were performed using an ultra-high-frequency linear scanner (CLARIUS L20 HD3, 8–20 MHz ), with a depth of 2.5 cm and a 25 mm field of view on B mode (Figure 52). The probe was positioned parallel to the mandibular ramus, gently touching the identified skin point with the probe reference marker, without applying pressure. Masseter thickness measurements were obtained tracing a distance line between the upper point of anechoic mandibular line and the line delimitating the superficial masseteric fascia. Masseter muscles of each side were acquired twice with a one-minute rest period between acquisitions, and their thickness was measured (Cap1 and Cap2), both at rest and during muscle contraction. Acquisitions and measurements were conducted by two previously calibrated operators: Operator 1 (Op 1) and Operator 2 (Op 2) at t0. Additionally, Operator 1 repeated the examination six months later (t1). The t-tests, Dahlberg ‘s error and the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) Fig 52. Ultrasonographic image showing the masseter muscle in both a resting position (A) and during contraction (B). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:riccardo@riccardorosati.eu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it were calculated to evaluate the inter- and intra-operator repeatability. A multifactorial analysis of variance for Independent Samples were performed considering sex, masseter side (right/left) and the muscular status (contraction/rest). Forty-four healthy subjects were enrolled in the present study, 24 were excluded because they reported the history of bruxism, teeth clenching or temporo- mandibular pain. Ten females and 10 males, with a mean age of 25,47 years (ranging from 19 to 42) were examined. Student t-test did not show any statistically significant difference among the measurements computed by the same operator and among different operators (p>0.05 for all the comparisons). The Dahlberg’s error test indicated lower variability in intra-operator measurements compared to inter-operator ones (Table 1). Meanwhile, the MAD showed low data dispersion relative to the average values obtained by Op1 across the two time points and between Op1 and Op2 (Tab.2). All subjects exhibited a significant difference in masseter thickness during contraction compared to the resting position (Tab. 3) with p<.0001. A significant difference was also found when comparing measurements between female and male subjects (p=0.04). In conclusion, Masseter thickness resulted significantly larger in males than in females and increased significantly from the rest position to the contraction status. These preliminary data showed that ultrasonography may be a repeatable method for measuring masseter thickness when performed by the same operator. However, inter-operator repeatability was lower, though it remained within an acceptable range. These findings highlight the importance of using well-defined anatomical marker points to ensure measurement consistency. Key Words: Ultrasound evaluation; masseter thickness; proof of concept study. References 1. Rispoli DZ, Camargo PM, Pires JL Jr, Fonseca VR, Mandelli KK, Pereira MAC. Benign masseter muscle hypertrophy. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Sep- Oct;74(5):790-793. doi: 10.1016/S1808- 8694(15)31393-8. Erratum in: Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Nov-Dec;74(6):949. PMID: 19082365; PMCID: PMC9445953. 2. Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ, Schoones J. Botulinum toxin for masseter hypertrophy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 9;2013(9):CD007510. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007510.pub3. PMID: 24018587; PMCID: PMC7207780. 3. Reis Durão AP, Morosolli A, Brown J, Jacobs R. Masseter muscle measurement performed by ultrasound: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2017 Aug;46(6):20170052. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20170052. Epub 2017 Jun 8. PMID: 28467130; PMCID: PMC5606285 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 094 Treatment of Idiopathic Recurrent Parotitis associated with masseter muscle hypertrophy: a pilot study Massimiliano Vella (1,2), Pasquale Capaccio (1,3), Gaia Pellegrini (1), Anna Cozzi (4), Matteo Lazzeroni (3), Giulia Minnella (1), Beatrice Roncelli (1), Claudia Dellavia (1) (1) Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Ital; (2) Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (3) Department of Otolaryngology, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, Milan, Italy; (4) Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. E-Mail: claudia.dellavia@unimi.it Idiopathic recurrent parotitis (IRP) is an inflammatory condition of the parotid gland that can be triggered by various factors. Patients typically experience recurrent, sudden, and unilateral swelling of the parotid region, particularly during meals and chewing, especially in the morning. In some cases, IRP may be associated with masseter hypertrophy. The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin injections for masseter hypertrophy is currently under investigation; however, robust evidence in the literature remains limited. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of botulinum toxin injection into the masseter muscle on the neuromuscular pattern of masticatory muscles and related clinical manifestation in patients with IRP associated with masseter hypertrophy, using standardized surface electromyography (ssEMG). Patients affected by IRP associated with uni/bilateral masseter hypertrophy and Right Masseter Rest Right Masseter Contracted Left Masseter Rest Left Masseter Contracted Op1: t0 vs t1 0,66 0,89 0,88 0,83 Op1 vs Op2 0,55 0,73 1,14 0,94 Tab. 1 Dahlberg's error intra-operator (Op1: t0 vs t1) and inter-operator (Op1 vs Op2). Right Masseter Rest Right Masseter Contracted Left Masseter Rest Left Masseter Contracted Op1: t0 vs t1 0,13 0,13 0,12 0,13 Op1 vs Op2 0,14 0,12 0,15 0,14 Tab. 2 Mean absolute deviation values. Right Masseter Rest Right Masseter Contracted Left Masseter Rest Left Masseter Contracted FEMALES 10,55 mm ± 1,18 12,19 mm± 1,78 10,65 mm± 2,39 12,14 mm± 1,97 MALES 10,94 mm± 2,21 12,67 mm± 2,55 12,04 mm± 2,07 13,54 mm±2,50 Tab. 3 Mean values of masseter thickness at rest and during contraction for male and female subjects. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:claudia.dellavia@unimi.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it referring pain were enrolled. Patients with parotitis associated with intrinsic salivary pathologies (stones, ductal dilations, autoimmune diseases, lymphadenopathy or serious craniofacial diseases) were excluded after being evaluated clinically by an otolaryngologist and through a sialo-magnetic resonance imaging (sialo-MRI) (Figure 53). Participants were further assessed gnathologycally using the International Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (IDCTD) questionnaire (1) and the neuromuscular pattern was recorded through ssEMG (T0), with key parameters computed for both the masseter and temporalis muscles, including the Activation Index, Torque Coefficient, Impact Coefficient, Asymmetry Index, and Percentage Overlapping Coefficient (POC%). These measurements were taken during a cotton roll/clench acquisition. Additionally, masticatory repeatability parameters were analysed over a 15-second mastication task (Figure 54). After reading and signing the informed consent, patients underwent 40 U of botulinum toxin type A injection in 2 points of the hypertrophic masseter, under electromyographic guide. Patients were re-evaluated 40 days after the injection through IDCTD and ssEMG (T1). Two female patients, aged 49 (Patient 1) and 20 years (Patient 2), were enrolled after an otolaryngologic evaluation and sialo-MRI. At T0, both patients presented with swelling of the left hemi-face and reported frequent pain, assigning high scores on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Both were diagnosed with myalgia according to IDCTD. The ssEMG clenching parameters were altered in Patient 1, while they were normal in Patient 2 (Tab.1). Patient 1 Patient 2 Clinical parameters T0 T1 T0 T1 Swelling yes no yes reduced Unassisted mouth opening without pain 38 mm 39 mm 48 mm 52 mm Unassisted mouth opening with pain 38 mm 39 mm 48 mm 52 mm Maximum mouth assisted opening 38 mm 40 mm 48 mm 52 mm VAS SCALE in the last 30 days 7 3 8 0 Pain frequency in the last 30 days Always 10 days 6 days 0 Pain during chewing yes no yes no Tab. 2. Clinical parameters evidenced in the two patients in T0 and T1. Patient 1 Patient 2 Cotton/clench T0 T1 T0 T1 POC TA 76.62% 83.55% 84.25% 85.90% POC MM 83.58% 84.94% 85.47% 85.02% Asymmetry 13.49% -5.75% 4.66% -0.35% Activation 10.59% 7.04% 0.53% -7.75% Torque 3.70% -1.63% 5.71% 1.72% Tab 1. Cotton/clench parameters in the two patients at T0 and T1. In a red colour abnormal values are highlighted (TA= Anterior Temporalis, MM= masseter muscle). Fig 53.Sialo-MRI shows Stensen's ducts as a tubular hyperintense (white) structures. The presence of parenchymal, ductal anomalies or compression is excluded. Fig 54.Lissajous plot describing the chewing test in patient 1 as confidence ellipses of the simultaneous differential left–right masseter (MM, x-coordinate) and temporalis (TA, y- coordinate) activities. In green: right-side mastication, in red: left-side mastication. The ellipses resulted downsized from T0 to T1, indicating a contraction repeatability with an improved muscular coordination mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Masticatory evaluation for both resulted uncoordinated and not repeatable. In conclusion, the present pilot study highlights that botulin toxin injection in masseter muscle in patients affected by IRP associated to MH could lead to an improvement in terms of pain and of the neuromuscular pattern of the masticatory muscles. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 095 Differential diagnosis of salivary gland and surrounding muscle disorders: A handbook for dentists Pasquale Capaccio, Matteo Lazzeroni, Anna Cozzi, Dolaji Henin, Cristina Firetto. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan; Ospedale Fatebenefratelli and Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Email: pasquale.capaccio@unimi.it Recurrent parotitis is primarily caused by salivary stones, strictures, autoimmune diseases and ab estrinseco compression.1 Notably, the role of bruxism associated to masseter muscle hypertrophy is becoming increasingly evident in our clinical practice.2 Among the radiological examinations typically employed in the characterization of recurrent parotitis, MR sialography is particularly valuable since it allows the evaluation of the salivary ductal system dynamically, after the stimulation with lemon juice.3 Aim of the present work is to analyze the morphological relations existing between Stensen duct and the masseter muscle to further investigate the ethiopathogenesis of recurrent parotitis secondary to masseter muscle hypertrophy. This retrospective, monocentric study included 55 patients with recurrent parotitis with unilateral (46 patients) and bilateral (9 patients) enrolled at the ENT department of Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan between January 2017 and January 2025. All patients had undergone power Doppler ultrasonography, MR sialography and a diagnostic sialendoscopy to exclude stones and duct anomalies and blood examinations to exclude immune and autoimmune disorders. The parotid glands of the included patients were analyzed separately. For controls, 33 patients with submandibular sialadenitis, who had no history of parotid symptoms and had undergone an MR sialography, were enrolled. All sialendoscopies revealed an acute angle in the region where Stensen’s duct surmounts the masseter muscle. Patients with unilateral recurrent parotitis showed significantly larger diameters of the Stensen’s duct in the affected gland compared to the contralateral parotid (p<0.05). Furthermore, in males only, the main ducts of the parotids in patients with recurrent sialadenitis were statistically longer that those in the controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the diameters of the masseter muscles among patients with recurrent parotitis, nor in the angles formed by Stensen’s duct along its pathway. In conclusion, the present study underscores the correlations between recurrent parotitis and the anatomy of Stensen’s duct, namely its diameter and length. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary for confirmation of these preliminary data [4]. Nonetheless, our results suggest that patients with recurrent parotitis may exhibit a dysfunction of the masticatory muscles, that seems to involve not only masseter but also other muscles such as the buccinator. Therefore, an orthognathic evaluation and an electromyographic analysis of the masticatory muscle should be integrated in the diagnostic-therapeutic work-up of patients affected by recurrent parotitis Key words: Recurrent Parotitis; Stensen duct; MR sialography; masseter muscle. References 1. Nahlieli O, Bar T, Shacham R, Eliav E, Hecht-Nakar L. Management of chronic recurrent parotitis: current therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62(9):1150-1155. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2004.05.116 2. Capaccio P, Gaffuri M, Pignataro L, Assandri F, Pereira P, Farronato G. Recurrent parotid swelling secondary to masseter muscle hypertrophy: a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Cranio. 2016;34(6):388-394. doi:10.1080/08869634.2016.1142694 3- Becker M, Marchal F, Becker CD, et al. Sialolithiasis and salivary ductal stenosis: diagnostic accuracy of MR sialography with a three-dimensional extended-phase conjugate-symmetry rapid spin-echo sequence. Radiology. 2000;217(2):347-358. doi:10.1148/radiology.217.2.r00oc02347 4- Capaccio P, Lazzeroni M, Lo Russo F, et al. MR sialographic assessment of the masseter muscle and the ductal kinking in patients with recurrent parotitis. Radiol Med. 2024;129(5):785-793. doi:10.1007/s11547-024- 01802-1 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 096 Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC) history and results. Claudia Dellavia Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy Email: claudia.dellavia@unimi.it Restoring a patient's dental anatomy, which refers to the static and dynamic relationships of bones and teeth, may be necessary for various reasons. Common situations requiring reconstruction of dental and/or skeletal relationships include severe tooth wear, crowding, loss of chewing units, and oncologic surgical resections. Any procedure that alters the dental anatomy or tooth position could potentially affect dental and periodontal proprioception. González-Gil et al. (1) reported that the tactile threshold with dental prostheses (complete dentures and implant-supported restorations) is reduced compared to dentate, healthy individuals, but it remains lower than 0.06 millimeters. It is highly likely that mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:pasquale.capaccio@unimi.it mailto:claudia.dellavia@unimi.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it dental treatments involving occlusal surfaces could alter oral proprioception, leading to neuromuscular adaptations. It has been clearly shown that dental afferents play a role in the recruitment of masticatory muscles. Occlusal changes could affect the overall contraction intensity of masticatory muscles, as well as their functional relationships, as demonstrated by Wang et al. (2) and Pumklin et al. (3). Muscle imbalances may arise from various factors, including an increased number of contacts, interference on the working or balancing side, and loss of posterior vertical support (4). Additionally, it has been shown that proprioceptive dental changes due to iatrogenic occlusal disturbances (200 µm thick) may also require functional adaptations of neck muscles (5). The role of occlusal-related functional abnormalities in the pathophysiology of Temporomandibular Disorders remains unclear; currently, no widely accepted, evidence-based scientific conclusions exist (6). The relationship between abnormal muscle recruitment and symptoms such as pain or signs of dysfunction, like movement limitation, does not appear linear, indicating that many individuals have a high degree of functional adaptability. The absence of clinical symptoms (mainly pain) following an occlusal intervention does not directly correspond to a procedure free from imperfections and/or anomalies. The adaptability of muscles and nervous system to new oral conditions (without causing symptoms such as pain) (7) could "mask" changes in other structures, such as teeth, bones, and joints. Occlusal proprioception requiring (asymptomatic) muscle adaptations could lead to changes in the distribution of occlusal forces, causing the following major complications: a. Functional: The ability to adapt varies among individuals (some patients may develop symptoms due to altered muscular conditions) and over time. b. Biological: Mechanical forces act on bone biology; bone apposition and resorption mechanisms are triggered by chemical processes initiated by mechanical stimuli. It has been verified that bone modifies to support functional loading needs. c. Biomechanical: The reliability of prosthetics (crowns and implants) depends on the tension developed in artificial products. In this context, the use of instrumental evaluations of masticatory function (before and after therapies that modify dental occlusion) is proposed to help clinicians quantify the impact of occlusal changes on oral biology. Biomechanical studies show that each muscle has its own specific action vectors (or more than one, providing redundancy features to the stomatognathic system) and that alterations in muscle force distribution cause changes in mechanical stresses on hard structures (8). At the Functional Anatomy Research Center of the University of Milan, standardized electromyographic protocols are developed to measure the effects of dental occlusion on masticatory muscle recruitment (9), allowing inter- and intra-subject comparisons. Such an evaluation may not only prevent the onset of symptoms but also ensure greater reliability and durability of oral rehabilitations under uniform stress. Key words: dental occlusion; masticatory muscle; standardized electromyographic measurement. References 1. González-Gil D, Flores-Fraile J, López-Marcos J. Tactile Sensibility Thresholds in Implant Prosthesis, Complete Dentures and Natural Dentition: Review about Their Value in Literature. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(4):501. 2. Wang MQ, He JJ, Zhang JH, Wang K, Svensson P, Widmalm SE. SEMG activity of jaw-closing muscles during biting with different unilateral occlusal supports. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(9):719- 25. 3. Pumklin J, Sowithayasakul T, Thaweemonkongsap C, Saptasevee P, Sangprasert P. Effects of occlusal conditions on masseter and temporalis muscle activity: An electromyographic evaluation. Saudi Dent J. 2023 Dec;35(8):946-952 4. Trovato F, Orlando B, Bosco M. Occlusal features and masticatory muscles activity. A review of electromyographic studies. Stomatologija. 2009;11(1):26-31. 5. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM. Evidence of an influence of asymmetrical occlusal interferences on the activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. J Oral Rehabil. 2003; 30(1):34-40. 6. Türp JC, Schindler H. The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for TMDs: epidemiological and etiological considerations. J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39(7):502-12. 7. Le Bell Y, Jämsä T, Korri S, Niemi PM, Alanen P. Effect of artificial occlusal interferences depends on previous experience of temporomandibular disorders. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002;60(4):219-22. 8. Ferrario VF, Sforza C. Biomechanical model of the human mandible in unilateral clench: distribution of temporomandibular joint reaction forces between working and balancing sides. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;72(2):169-76. 9. Dellavia C, Rosati R, Del Fabbro M, Pellegrini G. Functional jaw muscle assessment in patients with a full fixed prosthesis on a limited number of implants: a review of the literature. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2014;7 Suppl 2:S155-69. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 097 Maintenance and restoration of masticatory muscle function in everyday dentistry Piero Simeone University of Rome, Italy Email: ................................................... 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 28 - Abstract 098 Functional and non-functional parafunctions: what role in TMDs? Rosaria Bucci, Roberto Rongo mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy Email: ................................................... Abstract: WITHDRAW 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 099 Standardized electromyographic examination of the masticatory muscles: technical and clinical suggestions to reduce the learning curve Riccardo Rosati (1), Piero Simeone (2), Federica Musto (1), Marilisa Toma (1), Sila Meral (1), Claudia Dellavia (1) (1) Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; (2) Private practice, Rome, Italy E-mail: riccardo@riccardorosati.eu The muscles responsible for mandibular, tongue, hyoid, soft palate, and lip movements generate mechanical forces that stress the hard tissues (bones, temporomandibular joint, teeth). Several muscle groups are involved and coordinated by the central nervous system under the influence of peripheral inputs. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a low-cost, non-invasive method usable in dental clinical practice and scientific research for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of head and neck muscles1. At the FARC (Functional Anatomy Research Center) of the University of Milan, a standardization protocol for the sEMG examination (ssEMG) has been developed, based on the differentiated analysis of tests performed with and without information from the dento-periodontal receptors (respectively clenching teeth in maximum intercuspation and with cotton rolls placed between the dental arches)2. This method reduces the technical and biological variability of the sEMG examination3, but a learning curve is necessary for the novice examiner. Based on the experience in the field of instrumental analysis of the masticatory muscles developed at the FARC, we can suggest the following objectives hierarchy to reduce the ssEMG operators' learning period: A) Focus on obtaining repeatable acquisitions: a) Ensure the patient is free from pain at rest and can clench his/her teeth comfortably, without experiencing pain/discomfort or gag reflex. b) Obtain at least three calibrations with cotton rolls and evaluate the coherence of the myoelectric signal amplitude between acquisitions. Repeat if they are not coherent; c) Remember that clenching the teeth is not an easy exercise to perform; take care to allow the patient to become familiar with maximal clenching before performing the instrumental recordings. B) Consider that the EMG exam is not a morphological exam of a static object but a functional exam with the aim of analyzing behaviors: a) Obtain at least two clenching acquisitions and evaluate their coherence; if they are not coherent, acquire additional ones and evaluate the trend; b) If interim dental prostheses should be modified to re- establish muscular performance, consider that the patient often needs time to find a new motor pattern (adaptation) for the new occlusion. Repeat the tests a few days after the prosthetic occlusion change. C) Start analyzing asymptomatic subjects: a) Train to perform repeatable recordings in asymptomatic subjects with normal ssEMG coordination values; b) Reversibly modify (with paper shims between the dental arches) the patient’s dental occlusion to evaluate his/her adaptation modalities to the altered morphological conditions. Identify patients with poor/medium/high functional response to the occlusal stimulus; c) If the occlusion of asymptomatic patients must be altered for prosthetic/rehabilitative reasons, start using ssEMG with the aim of maintaining the initial functional condition after prosthetic treatment. Based on the Authors' experience and recent evidence4,5, ssEMG improves the understanding of patients' chewing physiology. The consequences of dental treatment on masticatory muscle biology could be objectively assessed daily in research and clinical settings, but correct operator training must be performed to ensure high-quality measurements. Key words: Masticatory muscles sEMG; instrumental evaluation; chewing physiology References 1. Michelotti A, Rongo R, Valentino R, D'Antò V, Bucci R, Danzi G, Cioffi I. Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion. Eur J Orthod. 2019 Jan 23;41(1):46-53. 2. Musto F, Rosati R, Sforza C, Toma M, Dellavia C. Standardised surface electromyography allows effective submental muscles assessment. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2017 Jun;34:1-5. 3. De Felício CM, Sidequersky FV, Tartaglia GM, Sforza C. Electromyographic standardized indices in healthy Brazilian young adults and data reproducibility. J Oral Rehabil. 2009 Aug;36(8):577-83 4. Rosati R, Val M, Manfredini D, Carmagnola D, Fortunati C, Guarda-Nardini L, Dellavia C. Baseline masticatory muscles' performance may predict pain relief in temporomandibular disorders. Oral Dis. 2024 Nov;30(8):5349-5359. 5. Begnoni G, Dellavia C, Pellegrini G, Scarponi L, Schindler A, Pizzorni N. The efficacy of myofunctional therapy in patients with atypical swallowing. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Sep;277(9):2501-2511. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 100 The impact of exercise and nutrition therapy on measures for sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review Barbara Strasser (1,2), Christina Gasser (2), Vincent Grote (1), mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:riccardo@riccardorosati.eu European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria E-mail: Barbara.strasser@med.sfu.ac The risk of sarcopenia is high (with a prevalence of ≥25%) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the existing evidence on the efficiency of exercise and nutrition therapy on parameters of sarcopenia among patients with RA.2 We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of physical exercise and dietary supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in subjects with RA. We used the electronic databases Medline, Embase, Clinical Trial Register, and Cochrane Trial Register in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines,3 and identified 25 studies published up to December 2023 including 2603 eligible patients aged 55 years and over. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of protocols for physical exercise and dietary supplementation (proteins, essential amino acids, creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbuthyrate, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids). Exercise programs, whether focused on resistance or aerobic training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation improved measures for sarcopenia, including hand grip strength (15/22 RCTs), 1-repetition maximum of upper and lower limbs (6/8 RCTs), physical performance (6/10 RCTs), and body composition (3/4 RCTs).Nutritional interventions showed additional benefits on some of the parameters (i.e., handgrip strength, lean body mass) in a small number of studies (3/5 RCTs). In conclusion, physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and function in patients with RA. However, the additional effect of dietary supplementation has only been reported in a limited number of studies. Healthcare providers should incorporate exercise and nutrition in the management of RA to achieve the best possible patient outcomes. Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, exercise, nutrition, muscle, sarcopenia, systematic review. References 1. Bennett JL, Pratt AG, Dodds R, Sayer AA, Isaacs JD. Rheumatoid sarcopenia: loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023;19(4):239-251. 2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. 3. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 101 Performance score T2D – a new way to look at rehabilitation outcomes of post COVID patients Ferdinand Prüfer (1), Ralf H. Zwick (1,2), Michael J. Fischer (1,3), Vincent Grote (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Therme Wien Med, Vienna, Austria; (3) Rehabilitation Center Kitzbühel, Kitzbühel, Austria. E-mail: Vincent.Grote@lbg.ac.at Evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions using patient-reported and clinician-reported outcome measures is critical for the management and prognosis of patients. As post COVID (PC) patients face unique rehabilitation challenges, careful consideration of individual baseline values must be considered for reliable evaluation of health-related quality of life and physical performance. The T2D performance score allows correction of baseline Table 1. Rehabilitation Outcomes by Diagnostic Group. Score Indication Admission Discharge Difference T2D [z] Cohen’s d, p EQ5D-5L Post–COVID 0.77 ± 0.17 0.79 ± 0.17 0.021 0.08 0.14* Other Pulmonary Diagnosis 0.80 ± 0.16 0.84 ± 0.16 0.036 0.48 0.27** Other Indication 0.84 ± 0.15 0.87 ± 0.14 0.031 0.33 0.25** 6MWT Post–COVID 500 ± 111 557 ± 103 56.5 0.81 0.68** Other Pulmonary Diagnosis 481 ± 132 526 ± 126 45.6 0.46 0.55** Other Indication 515 ± 111 563 ± 115 47.8 0.67 0.84** Diagnosis, ICD-10 Code: Post–COVID (U09.9) n=207, Other Pulmonary diagnosis (J44, J45, C34) n=149, Other Indication (M16, M17, M54, I21, I25, E11, E66) n=458; * p < .05, ** p <.01 mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:Barbara.strasser@med.sfu.ac mailto:Vincent.Grote@lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it differences, avoiding issues like mathematical coupling or regression effects and allowing a reliable evaluation of treatment outcomes.1,2 This study aims to compare rehabilitation outcomes of post COVID-19 (PC) patients with those of other cohorts, utilizing the T2D performance score to adjust for baseline differences. Monocentric data of 814 patients (51 ± 12 years; 54.2% female) with pulmonological, cardiovascular, metabolic, or musculoskeletal diagnoses, including 207 with PC, who underwent outpatient rehabilitation in 2023 were used to compare PC patients with other pulmonary diagnosis and other indications. Outpatient rehabilitation was conducted following the Austrian guidelines,3 utilizing a multidisciplinary and interprofessional approach that incorporated strength training, endurance training, physiotherapy, as well as psychological and nutritional interventions.4 Health-related quality of life (EQ5D-5L) and physical performance (six-minute walk test, 6MWT) were measured at admission and discharge. Differences in groups were examined using T2D performance score to stratify outcomes by baseline values. All patient groups showed significant improvements, with comparable effect sizes (see Table 1). Patients with PC were notably younger (44.7 ± 12.6, p<0.001) and predominantly female (76%) compared to the other groups. At admission, PC patients had significantly lower EQ5D-5L scores compared to those with other indications (Cohen’s d = 0.45; p < .001) and tendential lower than other pulmonary diagnosis (Cohen’s d = 0.18; p < .093). At discharge, PC patients demonstrated modest gains in EQ5D-5L, with an improvement of 0.021 points (Cohen’s d = 0.14, p<0.05), though their scores remained significantly lower than those of the other pulmonary patients (Cohen’s d = 0.30; p < .005) and other indications (Cohen’s d = 0.53; p < .001). In contrast, they demonstrated significant improvement in the 6MWT of 56.5 meters from admission to discharge (Cohen’s d = 0.68, p < .01), scoring significantly higher at discharge that other pulmonary patients (Cohen’s d = 0.27, p = .011) Stratifying by T2D quartiles highlighted this discrepancy in PC patient’s performance in health-related quality of life and physical performance, with 39% in the lowest-performing quartile for EQ5D-5L (Figure 55a) but only 22% in the lowest quartile for 6MWT (Figure 55b), compared to 25% overall. In conclusion, while outpatient rehabilitation was effective across patient groups, leading to significant improvements, particularly in functional exercise capacity, PC patients differed markedly, showing substantial progress in physical performance while remaining poor in health-related quality of life scores. These findings underscore the importance of adjusting for baseline values, as done with T2D, to better understand differential rehabilitation outcomes. Key words: Post COVID-19 Syndrome; Physical Performance; Health-Related Quality of Life; Rehabilitation Research. References 1. Zdravkovic A, Grote V, Pirchl M, Stockinger M, Crevenna R, Fischer MJ. Comparison of patient- and clinician-reported outcome measures in lower back rehabilitation: introducing a new integrated performance measure (t2D). Qual Life Res. 2022;31(1):303-15. 2. Wagner B, Zdravkovic A, Pirchl M, Puhan MA, Zwick RH, Grote V, et al. Performance Score (T2D)-A New Perspective in the Assessment of Six-Minute Walking Tests in Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(10):2402. 3. Vonbank K, Zwick R, Strauss M, Lichtenschopf A, Puelacher C, Budnowski A, et al. Richtlinien für die ambulante pneumologische Rehabilitation in Österreich. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2015;127. 4. Nopp S, Moik F, Klok FA, Gattinger D, Petrovic M, Vonbank K, et al. Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Long COVID Improves Exercise Capacity, Functional Status, Dyspnea, Fatigue, and Quality of Life. Respiration. 2022;101(6):593-601. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 102 Which factors influence the success of rehabilitation? A mixed-methods study on patients and healthcare professionals Matko Š. (1,2), Vetrano C. (1,3), Cristea D. (1,4), Riedl P. (1,4), Fischer M.J. (1,4), Vincent Grote (1) (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) Doctoral Programme MedUni Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; (3) University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria Rehabilitation Center Kitzbühel, Kitzbühel, Austria; (4) Rehabilitationszentrum Kitzbühel Betriebs-GmbH, Österreich, Kitzbühel, Austria. E-mail: Vincent.Grote@lbg.ac.at Fig. 55. Performance of Post COVID-19 Patients stratified by T2D. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:Vincent.Grote@lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it The success of rehabilitation is influenced by a number of factors. This study seeks to determine the extent to which patients and healthcare professionals can accurately assess health status and rehabilitation outcomes based on patient records, and to identify the factors that impact these evaluations. The study cohort comprised 23 patient- researchers and 24 healthcare professionals, of whom 78.7% were female. Both groups evaluated the health status of anonymised rehabilitation patients at admission and discharge, as well as rehabilitation outcomes, utilising a five-point rating scale based on patient documentation. Each participant analysed records from six individual cases from the historical cohort. The self-assessments of rehabilitation outcomes were compared with objective classifications (poor, moderate, good) using standardised outcome assessments (PROMs and CROMs). The potential moderating critical factors influencing rehabilitation outcomes were examined through both open-ended and structured questions. Furthermore, the influence of evaluators' epistemic trust (1) on external assessments was analysed in greater detail. Additionally, patients provided self-assessments of their personal rehabilitation progress during a three-week inpatient orthopedic rehabilitation program. The most crucial factors for successful rehabilitation, as identified by all participants, were physical activity and general health status. However, patient- researchers placed significantly greater emphasis on psychosocial elements, including optimism, self-efficacy, self-care, mindfulness, social relationships, and medication (p < .05) compared to healthcare professionals. In terms of their own rehabilitation success, patients identified activities, participation and environmental factors as key elements, emphasising the importance of active engagement in therapy and effective communication with healthcare professionals (Figure 56). Additionally, notable discrepancies were identified in the evaluations of rehabilitation progress made by patients and healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals assigned significantly more favourable ratings to patients' health status at admission (p < .001, η²ₚ = 0.069) and displayed greater confidence in their assessments of rehabilitation success (p < .001, η²ₚ = 0.049). The external evaluations of rehabilitation success by healthcare professionals were more closely aligned with objective classifications, showing a 54.5% agreement (κ = 0.30, p < .001), compared to a 47.7% agreement by patient-researchers (κ = 0.18, p < .001). Higher levels of epistemic trust were associated with more positive assessments of rehabilitation outcomes (B = -0.45, p = .042), with a greater degree of this relationship observed among healthcare professionals (27.63 ± 0.80 vs. 25.61 ± 3.76; p = .031). However, no clear relationship was established between epistemic trust and the accuracy of outcome assessments. In conclusion, patients and healthcare professionals both identify physical activity and general health status as key factors for rehabilitation success, establishing a shared foundation for evaluation. However, patients emphasize a more personalized approach to their own rehabilitation, focusing on active involvement and supportive interactions, while considering broader psychosocial factors when assessing others. Healthcare professionals demonstrate more valid assessments, closely aligned with objective measures, supported by higher levels of epistemic trust. Although trust is linked to more positive evaluations, its relationship with assessment accuracy remains complex. While subjective insights offer valuable perspectives on individual needs, consistent use of objective outcome measures is crucial for evidence-based practice. The creation of a trusting environment and the identification of critical success factors through collaboration can enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Key words: Critical Success Factors; Epistemic Trust; Orthopaedic Rehabilitation. Reference 1. Riedl D., Kampling H., Kruse J., Nolte T., Labek K., Kirchhoff C., Grote V., Fischer M.J., Knipel A., Lampe A. (2023). Epistemic Trust Is a Critical Success Factor in Psychosomatic Rehabilitation-Results from Naturalistic Multi-Center Observational Study. J Clin Med. 2023 Dec 28;13(1):177. doi: 10.3390/jcm13010177 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** Fig 56. Key factors identified by patients as critical for their own rehabilitation success mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 103 Effectiveness of a digital intervention to promote physical activity after oncological rehabilitation in breast cancer patients: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial Spela Matko (1,2), Stefan T. Kulnik (3), Romana Bajtarevic (4), Chiara Vetrano (1,5), Michael J. Fischer (1,6), Vincent Grote (1), Thomas Licht (1,4,7) (1) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria; (2) Doctoral Programme MedUni Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; (3) Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria; (4) Oncological Rehabilitation Center, Sankt Veit im Pongau, Salzburg, Austria; (5) University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria Rehabilitation Center Kitzbühel, Kitzbühel, Austria; (6) Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. E-mail: Spela.Matko@lbg.ac.at Physical activity and regular exercise can improve cancer patients' quality of life (QoL) and symptoms related to their underlying disease or cancer treatment, such as sleep quality, pain, anxiety, fatigue, cardiopulmonary, immune, and muscle function.1 In addition, meta-analyses suggest that depression in cancer patients is alleviated by aerobic exercise, and that in certain types of cancer (e.g., breast or colorectal), survival rates are improved while the risk of recurrence is reduced.2,3 Therefore, medical exercise therapy, which includes strength and aerobic endurance training, plays a central role in oncological rehabilitation, along with psycho-oncological support. Previous research has shown that inpatient oncological rehabilitation (OR) improves quality of life, function, symptoms and psychological distress in several tumour types.1 However, designing exercise programmes that are tailored to cancer survivors is essential to optimize adherence and health outcomes.5 To improve adherence to exercise and training after inpatient rehabilitation, we propose a randomized clinical trial using a digital intervention for structured training at home with a modification of the ‘aktivplan’ application originally developed for cardiac rehabilitation (Figure 57). Approximately 70 breast cancer patients at the Austrian Rehabilitation Centre St. Veit im Pongau will be randomized to either (a.) a control group, which will receive regular treatment for three weeks according to the Austrian guidelines for Phase II rehabilitation, or (b.) an intervention group, which will receive additional supervised training for 12 weeks after their stay. In addition, patients in the intervention group will be counseled during their inpatient stay to develop a personalized plan for healthy physical activity through shared decision-making, with the aim of selecting appropriate exercises and activities and setting personally meaningful goals. At the end of their inpatient stay, patients will have access to their personalized exercise plan through the app interface. They will be able to report their activities, review their performance or access additional resources, including contact with the study physiotherapist. At three time points, namely t0 (start of the inpatient rehabilitation programme), t1 (end of the programme) and after 12 weeks of participation in the study (t2), patients in both the intervention and control groups will complete questionnaires using electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs), These include the Godin- Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-C30, which are standard quality of life questionnaires developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group (EORTC-QLG), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (see Figure 57). The primary objective is to test whether the use of the ‘aktivplan-OR’ app in combination with the associated support after a phase II rehabilitation intervention significantly improves adherence to exercise and training for at least 12 weeks. A further aim is to investigate whether the ePROM indicates an improvement in quality of life, somatic and emotional functions, symptoms caused by cancer or cancer treatment, and psychological distress in cancer survivors. In addition, a multivariate analysis will identify critical success factors for sustainable improvement of patients' health. In conclusion, if this digital intervention can improve adherence to physical activity after the end of rehabilitation, Fig 57. Planned course of study and methods. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:Spela.Matko@lbg.ac.at European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it it may be suitable for wider application to improve QoL and prognosis in cancer patients. Key words: Physical activity; oncological rehabilitation; secondary prevention; mHealth. References 1. Mustian, K. M., Sprod, L. K., Janelsins, M., Peppone, L. J., & Mohile, S. (2012). Exercise Recommendations for Cancer-Related Fatigue, Cognitive Impairment, Sleep problems, Depression, Pain, Anxiety, and Physical Dysfunction: A Review. Oncology & hematology review, 8(2), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.17925/ohr.2012.08.2.81. 2. Kulchycki M, Halder HR, Askin N, Rabbani R, Schulte F, Jeyaraman MM, Sung L, Louis D, Lix L, Garland A, Mahar AL, Abou-Setta A, Oberoi S. Aerobic Physical Activity and Depression Among Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Oct 1;7(10):e2437964. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37964. PMID: 39378035. 3. Patel AV, Friedenreich CM, Moore SC, Hayes SC, Silver JK, Campbell KL, Winters-Stone K, Gerber LH, George SM, Fulton JE, Denlinger C, Morris GS, Hue T, Schmitz KH, Matthews CE. American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable Report on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cancer Prevention and Control. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Nov;51(11):2391-2402. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002117. PMID: 31626056; PMCID: PMC6814265. 4. Licht T, Nickels A, Rumpold G, Holzner B, Riedl D. Evaluation by electronic patient-reported outcomes of cancer survivors' needs and the efficacy of inpatient cancer rehabilitation in different tumor entities. Support Care Cancer. 2021 Oct;29(10):5853-5864. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06123-x. Epub 2021 Mar 23. PMID: 33755805; PMCID: PMC8410699. 5. Wong JN, McAuley E, Trinh L. Physical activity programming and counseling preferences among cancer survivors: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018 Jun 7;15(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018- 0680-6. PMID: 29879993; PMCID: PMC5992647. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 104 Gastrointestinal disorders and neurological diseases Fabrizio Cardin M.D., and former Gastroenterology Specialist at the General Hospital of the Italian Health Service and The University of Padova, Padua, Italy E-mail: gastro.cardin@gmail.com Gastrointestinal disorders are problems that affect the quality of life of many patients with mobility problems. Swallowing alterations, dysphagia, dyspepsia, constipation or incontinence are recurrent disorders in patients suffering from neurological diseases and often contribute to negative outcomes due to a reduction in the ability to eat or isolation that induce socially unacceptable symptoms. The study and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in neurological pathologies and motor disorders has acquired great interest in recent years, focused on the bidirectionality of the relationship between the central nervous system and the intestine. Functional bowel symptoms cataloged in the Rome IV criteria system are frequently present in the general population without apparent neurological causes. while the same disorders when present in subjects suffering from Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophies or dermatomyositis can lead to the clinical suspicion of neuropathic gastrointestinal pathologies. The bidirectional relationship is conceptually evident due to the possibility that the intestine represents the gateway for pathogenic substances at the nervous level, hypothesized for pathologies such as encephalopathy or Alzheimer's.1-2 Head trauma and ischemic pathologies involving the cranial nerves can alter the function of swallowing so much as to lead to the establishment of alternative routes to the oropharyngeal one for feeding these patients.3 Psychiatric pathologies such as anxiety and depression are frequent causes of irritable bowel syndrome. Recent evidence increasingly highlights the role that the intestinal microbiota can play in the interrelationship in question. Complex interactions link the enteric neuromuscular system, light sensitivity, epithelial integrity, and immune response.4 The recent development of technologies that allow the identification of the different bacterial strains that compose it have highlighted the alterations most frequently present in the intestine of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric pathologies to the point of demonstrating in guinea pigs the induction of neurological disorders with the transplantation of faeces from pathological patients.5 The techniques for evaluating the activity of myenteric fibers have allowed the classification and diagnosis of the most serious motility disorders such as: esophageal achalasia, gastroparesis, abdominopelvic dyssynergia and Hirschsprung. Today we have not only advanced tools for the study of gastrointestinal pathologies but also treatments that directly influence visceral neurological and muscular components. KeyWords: Gastrointestinal Symptoms; Gut-brain Interaction; Microbiota; Neurological Diseases. References 1. Camilleri M. Gastrointestinal motility disorders in neurologic disease..J Clin Invest. 2021.PMID:33586685 2. Rao M, et al. The bowel and beyond: the enteric nervous system in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016.PMID:27435372 3. Romano C, et al. .European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment Nutritional Complications in Children With Neurological Impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017.PMID:28737572 4. Margolis KG, et al. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood. Gastroenterology. 2021.PMID:33493503 5. Cryan JF, et al. The gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2020.PMID:31753762 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:gastro.cardin@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 105 Sacral neuromodulation for bowel dysfunction Emanuela Tessari, Alice Pecorino, Andrea Grego, Daniele Sandonà, Alvise Frasson, Fabrizio Vittadello, Giacomo Sarzo Department of Surgery, Hospital Sant’ Antonio, University of Padova, Padua, Italy E-mail: giacomo.sarzo@aopd.veneto.it Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established therapeutic option for individuals with bowel dysfunction, particularly those with conditions such as fecal incontinence, chronic constipation, or bowel-related disorders that are refractory to conservative treatments. This technique involves the stimulation of the sacral nerve roots, which play a crucial role in regulating the muscles of the pelvic floor and bowel function. Between January 2023 and October 2024, a total of 21 patients underwent treatment at our center. Among these, 12 patients presented with both fecal and urinary incontinence, 6 patients had isolated fecal incontinence, and 3 patients suffered from constipation associated with chronic pelvic pain. A total of 21 first-stage SNM procedures were performed, followed by 17 permanent implants. The primary outcomes assessed during follow-up included: a reduction of at least 50% in episodes of fecal incontinence (FI) and/or urinary incontinence (UI); a reduction of at least 50% in symptoms of constipation and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) for the respective patient subgroup. The secondary outcome for all patients was the overall satisfaction with symptom relief and improvement in quality of life. With a median follow-up of 12 months (range: 6–24 months), all 12 patients (100%) with mixed fecal and urinary incontinence reported significant improvement in their symptoms, with a substantial reduction in leakage episodes. Among the 6 patients with isolated fecal incontinence, 3 (50%) demonstrated clinical improvement, while the remaining 3 did not achieve significant symptom relief following the first-stage SNM procedure, leading to device removal. Regarding the 3 patients with constipation and chronic pelvic pain, 2 (67%) reported complete resolution of pain symptoms and a marked improvement in bowel function, achieving regular bowel movements.With respect to the secondary outcome, all 17 (100%) patients who underwent permanent implantation reported satisfaction with symptom relief and an overall improvement in quality of life. These highly satisfactory outcomes can be attributed to a rigorous preoperative selection process to identify suitable candidates for SNM, as well as systematic post-procedural follow-up. Additionally, continuous parameter adjustments tailored to individual patient needs have likely contributed to the overall success of the procedure. However, the limited sample size of this study does not allow for the identification of the optimal patient subgroup that would benefit most from this intervention. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to refine patient selection criteria. Key Words: Constipation; Electric stimulation; Fecal incontinence; Sacral nerve stimulation; Sacral neuromodulation. References 1. Faucheron JL, Martin G. Sacral neuromodulation for bowel dysfunction. Tech Coloproctol. 2014 Jan;18(1):3- 4. doi: 10.1007/s10151-013-1033-8. Epub 2013 Jun 6. PMID: 23740026. 2. Katuwal B, Bhullar J. Current Position of Sacral Neuromodulation in Treatment of Fecal Incontinence. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2021 Jan;34(1):22-27. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714247. Epub 2021 Jan 28. Erra-tum in: Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2024 Jul 20;34(1):e1. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1788698. PMID: 33536846; PMCID: PMC7843948. 3. Mass-Lindenbaum M, Calderón-Pollak D, Goldman HB, Pizarro-Berdichevsky J. Sacral neuromodulation - when and for who. Int Braz J Urol. 2021 May- Jun;47(3):647-656. doi: 10.1590/S1677- 5538.IBJU.2021.99.08. PMID: 33621015; PMCID: PMC7993957. 4. Feloney MP, Stauss K, Leslie SW. Sacral Neuromodulation. 2024 Apr 18. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treas-ure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 33620828. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 106 First Reported Case of a Robotic Subtotal Colectomy in Slow transit constipation: a new frontier Alice Pecorino, Emanuela Tessari, Andrea Grego, Fabrizio Vittadello, Alvise Frasson, Nicola Passuello, Giacomo Sarzo Department of Surgery, Hospital Sant’ Antonio, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. E-mail: giacomo.sarzo@aopd.veneto.it Slow transit constipation accounts for about 15–30% of chronic constipation and is characterized by prolonged transit time of colonic contents, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and defecation dependent on laxatives. Non-surgical treatments such as diet adjustment, taking laxatives, increasing fiber and water intakes are the preferred treatments method. However surgical treatment seems to be the only chance to treat patients with last stages of slow transit constipation. Macha MR et al. demonstrated that it is feasible to perform minimally invasive surgery with optimal results and low morbidity for the treatment of end stage of slow transit constipation. Robotic colorectal surgery has been largely described in literature with comparable outcomes to laparoscopic surgery in terms of safety and feasibility. We report the first case in literature of a Robotic Subtotal Colectomy performed in Sant’Antonio Hospital of Padua using the Versius Robotic System in a patient with a low transit refractory constipation after failing every conservatory treatment. Surgery was performed using the Versius system from CMR surgical which consists of bedside units for each instrument and a console. The patient is a woman with long term low transit refractory constipation that was referred by our center gastroenterologist. The patient was discharged on mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:giacomo.sarzo@aopd.veneto.it mailto:giacomo.sarzo@aopd.veneto.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it postoperative day fourth postoperative day with no complications. After 9 months of follow-up, the patient is in excellent health. She reports regular bowel movements, requiring the use of osmotic laxatives only occasionally. Key words: Constipation, slow transit constipation; Colectomy. References 1. Abbass MA. Research Perspective on Patient-Related Functional Outcomes After Robotic-Assisted Rectal Surgery Compared With a Laparoscopic Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2022;65(10):1205 2. Zhu QL, Xu X, Pan ZJ. Comparison of clinical efficacy of robotic right colectomy and laparoscopic right colectomy for right colon tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(33):e27002. 3. Butterworth J, Sadry M, Julian D, Haig F. Assessment of the training program for Versius, a new innovative robotic system for use in minimal access surgery. BMJ Surg Interv Health Technol. 2021;3(1):e000057. 4. Huscher C, Marchegiani F, Cobellis F, Tejedor P, Pastor C, Lazzarin G, Wheeler J, Di Saverio S. Robotic oncologic colorectal surgery with a new robotic platform (CMR Versius): hope or hype? A preliminary experience from a full-robotic case-series. Tech Coloproctol. 2022 Sep;26(9):745-753. 5. Deng, XM., Zhu, TY., Wang, GJ. et al. Laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation. Updates Surg 75, 871–880 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-023-01458-y. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 107 Safety and Efficacy of Intermuscular Tunnelling prior selective miotomy in a young patient affected by type 2 Achalasia Alessandro Gubbiotti Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Sant’ Antonio Hospital, Padua, Italy E-mail: alessandro.gubbiotti@aopd.veneto.it Achalasia is a major motor disorder characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and consequent Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction (EGJOO), defined as pathologic Integrated Relaxation Pressure (> 15 mmHg), and absent peristalsis, according to Chicago 4.0 classification.1 The disease is thought to be primarily related to impairment of normal enteric neuronal function as an autoimmune process, even though a proper etiology is lacking. Unfortunately, no therapy reverses the neural injury, and all current therapeutic efforts are then focused on disrupting the LES via dilation or myotomy in order to address EGJOO and treat symptoms.2 Both Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and Heller-Dor laparoscopic myotomy are long-term treatment, with a dysphagia and regurgitation remission rate of about 95%1. POEM is a more recent procedure,3 allowing a length- tailored and selective myotomy of circular layer of esophageal muscularis propria via endoscopic access in third space, with consequent preservation of EGJ anatomy. It consists of a preliminary esophageal mucosal incision, subsequent submucosal tunnelling throughout esophageal wall and beyond cardia, and selective myotomy of circular layer with a patient-based extension.4 We present a case of a 34-year-old patient with type 2 Achalasia, naive for previous treatment, suffering from multiple aspiration pneumonia episodes, on a monthly basis, and severe weight loss. POEM was therefore performed, with an unpleasant surprise. Severe fibrosis, probably consequence of several food impactions, hampered a proper access to submucosa, forcing an intermuscular tunneling approach.(Figure 58) Submucosal tunnel was finally reached up, with subsequent procedure accomplishment. The patient experienced no adverse events, except for mild, and opioids responder, post- procedural chest pain, fast discharge, and complete Fig. 58 Intermuscular tunnelling approach might therefore be suggested in case of severe submucosal fibrosis, with preserved safety, efficacy, and post-procedural physiology mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:alessandro.gubbiotti@aopd.veneto.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it remission of symptoms. At 1 year follow-up the patents maintained full clinical remission. Neither High-resolution Manometry or upper GI endoscopy showed residual pathologic muscular activity nor blown-out myotomy (BOM) pseudodiverticulum in distal esophagus. An intermuscular tunnelling approach might therefore be suggested in case of severe submucosal fibrosis, with preserved safety, efficacy, and post-procedural physiology 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 108 Esophageal motility disorders: from diagnosis to treatment Luca Provenzano O.U. General Surgery 1 - Padova University Hospital. Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua, Italy E-mail: luca.provenzano@aopd.veneto.it Esophageal motility disorders comprehend a large variety of clinical conditions. Diagnosis is sometimes challenging, and treatment options varies from medical therapy to endoscopic or surgical strategies (Figure 59). Clinical presentation of esophageal disease could be characterized by dysphagia, food regurgitation, thoracic pain, gastro-esophageal reflux, but sometimes patients complain soft symptoms such as sialorrhea or epigastric pain. Upper GI endoscopy is the first line tool to detect esophageal disorders, in order to exclude malignancies or obstructive causes of symptoms (such as esophagitis, stenosis, etc…). Barium-swallow X-ray or Time-barium esophagogram is useful to detect esophageal morphology and the presence of hiatal or congenital hernia.1 High-resolution manometry is mandatory to detect esophageal motility disorders according to the Chicago Classification v.4.0.2 Treatment options comprehend medical, endoscopic or surgical therapies. Esophageal motility disorders characterized by outflow obstruction symptoms often require endoscopic or surgical treatments to obtain symptoms’ relief (i.e., POEM3 or laparoscopic Heller myotomy4). Those patients with GERD symptoms and evidence of ineffective/absent motility could be treated with PPi or surgical operation with optimal results.5 Patients with esophageal spasm or dysmotility need medical therapy; endoscopic or surgical treatments are sometimes used but with very low evidence. Key Words: esophageal motility disorders; achalasia; high- resolution manometry; PPi; laparoscopic fundoplication. References 1. Henderson RD (1987) Esophageal motor disorders. Surg Clin N Am 67(3):455–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0039-6109(16)44226-X 2. Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ, Fox MR. et al. Esophageal motility disorders on high-resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0©. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 Jan;33(1):e14058. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14058. Erratum in: Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2024 Feb;36(2):e14179. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14179. 3. Inoue H, Minami H, Kobayashi Y, Sato Y, Kaga M, Suzuki M, Satodate H, Odaka N, Itoh H, Kudo S. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia. Endoscopy. 2010 Apr;42(4):265-71. doi: 10.1055/s- 0029-1244080. Epub 2010 Mar 30. PMID: 20354937. 4. Costantini M, Salvador R, Capovilla G, et al. A Thousand and One Laparoscopic Heller Myotomies for Esophageal Achalasia: a 25-Year Experience at a Single Tertiary Center. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019 Jan;23(1):23- 35. doi: 10.1007/s11605-018-3956-x. 5. Salvador R, Vittori A, Capovilla G, Riccio F, Nezi G, Forattini F, Provenzano L, Nicoletti L, Moletta L, Costantini A, Valmasoni M, Costantini M. Antireflux Surgery's Lifespan: 20 Years After Laparoscopic Fundoplication. J Gastrointest Surg. 2023 Nov;27(11):2325-2335. doi: 10.1007/s11605-023- 05797-4. Epub 2023 Aug 14. PMID: 37580489; PMCID: PMC10661768. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 109 Chemokines as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intestinal motility disorders in IBD Svetlana Lyamina, Sergey Kalish, Ekaterina Kozhevnikova, Tatiana Ivanova, Vyacheslav Galakhov, Nikolay Andreev, Igor Maev Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia E-mail: svlvs@mail.ru Eotaxin and RANTES are chemokines of the CC family that have a number of functional properties, including eosinophil recruitment. They are studied as potential biomarkers of Fig. 59 The Chicago Classification v.4.0 Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ, Fox MR, et al. Esophageal motility disorders on high- resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0©. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 Jan;33(1):e14058. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14058. Erratum in: Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2024 Feb;36(2):e14179. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14179. PMID: 33373111; PMCID: PMC8034247. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:luca.provenzano@aopd.veneto.it https://doi.org/10.1016/ mailto:svlvs@mail.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it various gastrointestinal diseases, including those associated with intestinal motility disorders. Eotaxin is a chemokine that selectively attracts eosinophils, which play a key role in inflammatory reactions. According to a number of studies, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with increased eotaxin levels, which correlated with eosinophil accumulation and inflammation in the gut.1,2 It has been established that eotaxin-mediated eosinophil activation can lead to the release of neurotoxic proteins that damage intestinal neurons, potentially altering intestinal motility. Inhibition of the eotaxin-CCR3 axis has been shown to alleviate intestinal neuropathy and restore colonic motility in animal colitis models.1 Given its role in eosinophil recruitment and inflammation, eotaxin may also serve as a biomarker for conditions characterized by intestinal motility impairment and inflammation, such as IBD.2 Similar to eotaxin, RANTES is involved in recruiting various immune cells, including T cells and eosinophils, to inflammation sites. CCR3 is a receptor that binds RANTES and is expressed on eosinophils, promoting their migration to inflamed intestinal tissues.3,4 So it is of particular interest to study the expression patterns in the eotaxin - CCR3 - RANTES system in IBD with significant motility impairment. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis about the most significant effects of cytokines and chemokines in different parts of the intestine on motility changes in individuals with IBD. Materials and methods: Patients 18-66 y.o. with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease (CD) (n=8) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) (n=10) were included in the study. The main laboratory data included CRP, fecal calprotectin, ANCA, ASCA, White Blood Cells (WBC) count. All patients were performed with ileocolonoscopy and biopsy histological assessment. In our work, we analyzed the immunological profile of various intestinal regions (ileum, sigmoid colon) of patients with IBD (n=18): UC (10) and CD (8) with varying degrees of intestinal motility disorders, which was confirmed by stool frequency as a surrogate marker. Results: When clustering based on cytokine groups, the most interesting results in the data set were found for chemokines, including the most stable data for eotaxin and RANTES. Increased expression of these chemokines significantly correlated with higher stool frequency for these patients. It is also noteworthy that the composition of patients in the cluster with a high concentration of chemokines for the sigmoid colon differed from the composition of patients compared to the ileum data. These differences can be explained by different location of the process (Figure 60). Conclusion: Previously, other authors demonstrated the possibility of influencing the eotaxin-CCR3 axis in experimental models to reduce inflammation and normalize intestinal motility in IBD [1; 2]. The data obtained in the work allow to consider the potential for targeted therapeutic action on the eotaxin-CCR3- RANTES axis. These chemokines are also among the potential biomarkers of impaired motility and severity of inflammation in IBD. Key words: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); eotaxin; CCR-3; RANTES; motility. References 1. Filippone, R., Robinson, A. M., Jovanovska, V., Stavely, R., Apostolopoulos, V., Bornstein, J. C., Nurgali, K., & Nurgali, K. (2018). Targeting eotaxin-1 and CCR3 receptor alleviates enteric neuropathy and colonic dysfunction in TNBS-induced colitis in guinea pigs. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(11). https://doi.org/10.1111/NMO.13391 2. Filippone, R., Dargahi, N., Eri, R., Uranga, J. A., Bornstein, J. C., Apostolopoulos, V., & Nurgali, K. (2022). Potent CCR3 Receptor Antagonist, SB328437, Suppresses Colonic Eosinophil Chemotaxis and Inflammation in the Winnie Murine Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(14), 7780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147780 3. Adar, T., Shteingart, S., Ben-Ya’acov, A., Bar-Gill Shitrit, A., Livovsky, D. M., Shmorak, S., Mahamud, M., Melamud, B., Vernea, F., & Goldin, E. (2016). The Importance of Intestinal Eotaxin-1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights and Possible Therapeutic Implications. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 61(7), 1915–1924. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10620-016-4047- Z 4. Migliorisi G, Mastrorocco E, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Pellegatta G, Spaggiari P, Racca F, Heffler E, Savarino EV, Bezzio C, Repici A, Armuzzi A. Eosinophils, Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Critical Review. J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 14;13(14):4119. doi: 10.3390/jcm13144119. PMID: 39064159; PMCID: PMC11278413. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 110 Gut microbiome - SCFA - motility disorders dynamic system as the target for correction Svetlana Lyamina, Sergey Kalish, Ekaterina Kozhevnikova, Yurii Slepov, Igor Maev Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: svlvs@mail.ru The dynamic system involving gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and motility disorders presents a promising target for correcting in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Both conditions are associated with dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance that affects gut health and function. Dysbiosis is a common feature in both IBD and IBS, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and altered microbial Fig 60. Chemokine profile in ileum and sigmoid colon in IBD patients. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:svlvs@mail.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it composition.1,2 SCFAs, produced by gut microbiome, play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal health and modulating gut motility, which is often disrupted in IBD and IBS. SCFAs are also associated with gut microbiome composition and inflammation. Dysmotility can alter microbial composition, leading to increased inflammation and susceptibility to colitis.3 This suggests that SCFAs may influence IBD not only by directly affecting motility but also by modulating the gut microbiome. Certain microbial genera, such as Clostridium and Ruminococcus, are involved in SCFA production and are found in altered amounts in IBD patients. These changes may affect the overall SCFA profile and contribute to disease progression.4 This study tested the hypothesis about the relationship between 16s rRNA sequencing data and changes in the level of total bile acids and SCFA composition in individuals with altered intestinal motility in IBD and IBS. Patients 18-66 y.o. with IBD (n=15) and IBS (n=14) and clinical dysmotility were included in the study. All patients were performed with 16s rRNA sequencing, total bile acids level and SCFA, including acetic, propionic and butyric acid. In our work, we analyzed the correlation between the increasing level of total bile acids, SFCA composition changes and 16s rRNA sequencing data with varying degrees of intestinal motility disorders, which was confirmed by stool frequency as a surrogate marker. In terms of alpha diversity, the groups do not differ from each other (Figure 61). The patterns of change in the representation of the Clostridia class - Roseburia inulivoraus, Roseburia interstinalis, Rumminococcus torques, correlated with changes in the SCFA composition with a significant predominant change in butyric acid and the level of total bile acids. The revealed changes may be pathogenetically associated with changes in gut motility. Assessing the composition of the microbiota and understanding the role of SCFAs in gut motility may underline therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD. Targeting this system could offer novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders. Modulating SCFA levels through microbiome therapy or their effects on motility may help manage symptoms and improve gut health in patients with IBD and IBS. Key words: gut microbiome; SFCA; bile acids; motility. References 1. Hetta, H. F., Ramadan, Y. N., Alharbi, A. A., Alsharef, S., Alkindy, T. T., Alkhamali, A., Albalawi, A., & Amin, H. E. (2024). Gut Microbiome as a Target of Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy. Immuno, 4(4), 400–425. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4040026. 2. Pandey, H., Jain, D., Tang, D. W. T., Wong, S. H., & Lal, D. (2023). Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease. Intestinal Research. https://doi.org/10.5217 /ir.2023.00080 . 3. Zhang, Y., Song, F., Yang, M., Chen, C., Cui, J., Xing, M., Dai, Y., Li, M., Cao, Y., Lu, L., Zhu, H., Liu, Y., Ma, C., Wei, Q., Qin, H., & Li, J. Y. (2024). Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Predisposes to Colitis through Regulation of Gut Microbial Composition and Linoleic Acid Metabolism. Advanced Science, e2306297. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202306297. 4. Palmieri, O., Bossa, F., Castellana, S., Latiano, T. P., Carparelli, S., Martino, G., Mangoni, M. L., Corritore, G., Nardella, M., Guerra, M. L., Biscaglia, G., Perri, F., Mazza, T., & Latiano, A. (2024). Deciphering Microbial Composition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Therapeutic Response to Biologic Agents. Microorganisms, 12(7), 1260. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071260. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 111 Neurophenomenological interview as a method of studying psychosomatic balancing in the process of adaptation to learning (by ZOOM) Victoria V. Kostyrkina (1), Мarianna М. Glavatskikh (1), Konstantin G. Yazykov (2), Igor V. Reverchuk (3), Philip А. Statsenko (1), Natalia V. Shilovskaya (1), Аnna О. Alimova (1), Stanislav P. Tsverkov (1), Еlena V. Dukhmina (1), Мaria G. Blagorazumova (4) (1) Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia; (2) National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; (3) Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russia. E-mail: vikulya.kazakova.2000@mail.ru A first-year university student encountered with a fast pace of learning, rigorous requirements of the institution and interactions with university teachers. The acquisition of professional knowledge and skills, psychological and social well-being depend on adaptation to new conditions, the ability to respond adequately and work in a team. The psycho-emotional state has an impact on a motivation and behavior in tight situations. Adaptation is a process of active development and accommodation to the environment and life.1 According to the biopsychosocial model, long- term stress causes psychological and physiological changes that lead to chronic physical diseases. Physical symptoms of stress and mental health-related illnesses significantly reduce quality of life, escalate a burden of symptoms and increase health care utilization.2 Psychological outcomes of stress include anxiety, depression, and burnout,3 with burnout defined as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and decreasing of personal effectiveness.4 Such states are called somatization. The purpose of this study was to determine the connection between somatization and psychophysiological Fig 61. Alpha-diversity, class and phylum distribution in IBD and IBS patients.. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it https://doi.org/10.5217%20/ir.2023.00080 https://doi.org/10.5217%20/ir.2023.00080 mailto:vikulya.kazakova.2000@mail.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it indicators in the process of adaptation to studying at a university between male and female first-year university students. The respondents of the study were 48 first-year university students of pedagogical specialties (83.3% female and 16.7% male). All participants of the experiment entered university for the first time after graduating from school. The experiment included several stages. On the first stage we delivered the assessment of the psychological state using a psychodiagnostic method, including the following tests: “The Assessment of Students Adaptability in the Higher Educational Establishment” (author T. D. Dubovitskaya); “The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI” (author C. Spielberger, adaptation by Yu. L. Khanin); “The Giessen Somatic Complaints Questionnaire” (adapted from NIPNI); “The Dutch Four-Dimensional Symptoms Questionnaire, 4DSQ” (author B.Terluin et al., adapted by A. B. Smulevich et al.). On the second stage of the experiment, students were shown videos of stressful situations during adaptation to studying at a university with recording of the electrical activity of the brain and an interview based on the results of viewing each video. After watching each video, the respondents answered interview questions, which included questions of the mental plan, meaning, questions of content and qualitative coverage of the event, and character questions. While the experiment participants’ watched videos and answered interview questions, the electrical activity of the brain (EEG) was recorded using the Encephalan-EEG-19/26 device to assess the relationship between general brain activity and intellectual comprehension with the level of somatization among students. To evaluate the electroencephalographic study, the Encephalan software by LLC Medicom was used. To check the distribution of data according to the studied parameters we used graphical methods and conducted calculations of asymmetry and kurtosis. The obtained results showed that the distribution corresponds to normal and is within the acceptable values for a normal distribution (from -1 to +1). Using correlation analysis and the Pearson coefficient, a significant correlation was found between the “somatization” indicator and the following parameters: “adaptability to the study group” (r = 0.483, p≤ 0.05); “alpha rhythm power during viewing of the first video” (r = -0.495, p≤ 0.05); “alpha rhythm power during answering questions after the second video” (r = -0.528, p≤ 0.01); “alpha rhythm power during answering questions after the third video” (r = -0.516, p≤ 0.05). Moreover, an inverse relationship between somatization and alpha power was found while watching the second video and answering questions after the second and third videos. Analysis of correlations and average values of the alpha rhythm and beta rhythm in groups with expressed and unexpressed somatization (division was delivered according to the norms of the 4DSQ: 0-13 points - low level of somatization (30 respondents), 14-24 - average level of somatization (8 respondents), 25-32 - high level of somatization (10 respondents)) indicated that the group with a low level of somatization has a lower alpha rhythm. A similar pattern can be observed in the beta rhythm indicators, which is confirmed by outcome results of discriminant analysis. Probably this trend may indicate that the participants of the experiment are actively involved in the process. Apparently, students with high levels of somatization do not experience cognitive load while watching videos of stressful situations and answering following questions. At the same time, the beta rhythm while watching the video and answering questions of the participants with low levels of somatization had high rates. It can relate to the fact that they participated more actively in the experiment and controlled the events that took place. During the study, brain activity indicators and psychodiagnostics results were analyzed using the Wilks' Lambda distribution. This allowed us to identify key indicators that can be used for predicting the level of somatization within first-year university students. As a result of discriminant analysis, a classification function was obtained, which allow us to divide students into two groups depending on the expression of somatization: somatization= -0.033a+0.171b-0.377c+0.054d-0.076e- 0.046f-7.147, where a is situational anxiety (“STAI” (C. Spielberger); b – anxiety (questionnaire 4 DSQ); c – distress (questionnaire 4 DSQ); d – alpha rhythm power when watching the second video; e – alpha rhythm power when answering interview questions on the second video; f – beta rhythm power when answering interview questions on the second video Research findings allow us to conclude that the level of somatization is directly related to how well a person adapts to a study group. Among all the stressful situations that can lead to somatization, the most significant is the situation of failure in studies and interpersonal relationships. It can be assumed that this situation is associated with both factors that are important for adaptation - educational activities and relationships in the group. This can be a source of significant mental stress for first-year university students, both male and female. Situational anxiety and anxiety that a person experienced during the last 30 days before the experiment are important for determination of somatization expression. Moreover, an important indicator of distress is a state of reduced adaptation during steady stress, accompanied by feelings of anxiety, discomfort, depression and helplessness. The absence of a persistent feeling of anxiety - “distress” - may refers to unconscious processes where the tension is not recognized by the individual.5 Further studies in this research area are needed. Potentially, participants with a high level of somatization also have signs of alexithymia, which determines their insensitivity to internal mental processes and states. As was mentioned above, students with expressed somatization demonstrate high rates of adaptation to learning when answering the questions of the subjective questionnaire “The Assessment of Students Adaptability in the Higher Educational Establishment”. These patterns can be explained by the mechanism of psychosomatic balancing. Students with expressed somatization do not realize the presence of neuropsychic tension, therefore they do not display the first and second levels of defense - “confrontation” and “distress”. Instead, somatization occurs at the third level. These findings are supported by measures of brain activity. During the study, we focused on two main rhythms - alpha and beta. A decrease in alpha rhythm is directly related to a high level of somatization and high adaptation to the study group. According to results of discriminant analysis, students with low expression of the beta rhythm shown the absence of cognitive assessment of a difficult situation during adaptation to the university. The results of this study require further researches of the phenomenon of somatization within first-year students during the period of adaptation to the university mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it environment. Key words: somatization; adaptation; EE; mechanism of psychosomatic balancing; neurophenomenological interview. References 1. Windover AK, Martinez K, Mercer MB, Neuendorf K, Boissy A, Rothberg MB. Correlates and Outcomes of Physician Burnout Within a Large Academic Medical Center. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Jun 1;178(6):856-858. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0019. PMID: 29459945; PMCID: PMC5885154. 2. Dmitriev, Maxim & Reverchuk, Igor & Glavatskikh, Marianna & Khejgetyan, Artur & Kotsura, Ol’ga. (2020). Medical students’ attitudes towards mental stigmatization and its associated with own and familial psychosomatic disorders. E3S Web of Conferences. 210. 19020. 10.1051/e3sconf/202021019020. 3. Dimsdale JE, Creed F, Escobar J, Sharpe M, Wulsin L, Barsky A, Lee S, Irwin MR, Levenson J. Somatic symptom disorder: an important change in DSM. J Psychosom Res. 2013 Sep;75(3):223-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.06.033. Epub 2013 Jul 25. PMID: 23972410. 4. Kokkonen P, Karvonen JT, Veijola J, Läksy K, Jokelainen J, Järvelin MR, Joukamaa M. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of alexithymia in a population sample of young adults. Compr Psychiatry. 2001 Nov-Dec;42(6):471-6. doi: 10.1053/comp.2001.27892. PMID: 11704938. 5. Glavatskih, M. M., Reverchuk, I. V., Yazykov, K. G. (2023). The Relationship of Somatization with the Socio-Psychological Characteristics of Personality among Adolescents. Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal – Siberian journal of psychology, 87, 159–169. In Russian. English Summary. doi: 10.17223/17267080/87/9. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 112 Prognosis of movement disorders in patients with cardioembolic stroke on the background of anticoagulant therapy (by ZOOM) Georgy Avakyan, Minh Duc Tran, Albina N. Yasamanova Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: avakyan_georgy@mail.ru Anticoagulant therapy is used in patients at high risk of cardiac thromboembolism to prevent the recurrent cerebrovascular accidents.1,2 Heparins bind to acute phase proteins, including fibrinogen, fibronectin, as well as von Willebrand factor (vWF), thereby inhibiting their interaction with platelet receptors GPIb-V-IX and αIIbβ3, potentially improving cerebral microcirculation and reducing neurological deficits.3,4 The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between vWF and movement impairment in acute cardioembolic stroke (CES) on the background of heparins. All patients on the 2-3 days and 7- 10 days after ischemic stroke underwent clinical analysis: NIHSS, MRC muscle and modified Rankin scales (MRS). vWF was evaluated using aggregometer ALAT-2 (Biola, Russia). Blood samples were collected from 30 patients with CES, of whom 15 patients were treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and 15 with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), as well as 15 patients with noncardioembolic stroke (nCES) who did not receive heparins. The present study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee. In CES patients, the NIHSS scale was 9 (4-10) points pre-treatment and 6 (3-8) points post-treatment (p<0,001). During the follow-up period, there was a significant improvement in muscle strength according to the MRC scale: on paretic arms proximally (p=0.001) and distally (p<0.001), on paretic legs proximally (p<0.001) and distally (p=0.002), indicating moderate regression of motor symptoms and adequate anticoagulation. MRS scores before and after treatment were 4 (3-4) and 3 (2-3) points, respectively (p<0,001). There was a nonsignificant trend towards lower vWF levels during follow-up (115,7% (90,9-129,9) pre-treatment and 106,4% (83,7-120,7) post-treatment, p=0,225). The pre- treatment vWF is correlated with the NIHSS scale (p=0,043, r=0,372). There were no statistically significant differences in NIHSS, MRC and MRS scores between UFH and LMWH treatment. Patients with nCES showed a significant change in MRS scores (p=0.013), but no statistical difference in NIHSS and vWF was found during the follow-up period (p=0.101 and p=0.650, respectively). In conclusion, reduction of plasma vWF levels on the background of heparins with both LMWH and UFH can be associated with a positive outcome due to regression of focal, motor neurological symptoms. Key Words: Prognosis of movement disorders; with cardioembolic stroke; anticoagulant therapy. References 1. Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, Cockroft KM, Gutierrez J, Lombardi-Hill D, Kamel H, Kernan WN, Kittner SJ, Leira EC, Lennon O, Meschia JF, Nguyen TN, Pollak PM, Santangeli P, Sharrief AZ, Smith SC Jr, Turan TN, Williams LS. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000375. Epub 2021 May 24. Erratum in: Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e483-e484. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000383. PMID: 34024117. 2. Ишемический инсульт и транзиторная ишемическая атака у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. Москва, 2021: 260 с. [Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in adults. Clinical recommendations. Moscow, 2021: 260. (In Russ.).]. 3. Hirsh J, Warkentin TE, Shaughnessy SG, Anand SS, Halperin JL, Raschke R, Granger C, Ohman EM, Dalen JE. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest. 2001 Jan;119(1 Suppl):64S-94S. doi: 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.64s. 4. Poletti LF, Bird KE, Marques D, Harris RB, Suda Y, Sobel M. Structural aspects of heparin responsible for interactions with von Willebrand factor. Arterioscler mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:avakyan_georgy@mail.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 May;17(5):925-31. DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.5.925. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 113 Neurokinetics of emotional motor components of behavior in adolescents in norm and pathology (by ZOOM) Reverchuk I.V. (1), Shishkin V.A. (1,4), Yazykov K.G. (3), Petrova T.E. (2), Glavatskikh M.M. (2), Tsvetkov S.P. (2) , Kugubaeva P.A (2), Shvabauer A.N. (2) 1 Russia, Kaliningrad, ANO APE “Bioinstitute for somatopsychic health”; (2) Russia, Kaliningrad, I. Kant Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education BFU; (3) Russia, Tomsk, National Research Tomsk State Univercity, TSU; (4) Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: igor7272@gmail.com The article deals with the algorithm of neuropsychological experiment on the development of skills of self-regulation of psychophysiological indicators in the situation of public speaking, built on the principle of neurophenomenological construct of new active neuropsychology and its direction - neurokinetics. The development of new patterns of social behavior in situations of interaction is considered from the standpoint of methods of experimental psychology, neurophenomenology and biofeedback, Key words: Adolescents; emotions; kinetics; biofeedback; neurophysiological diagnostics. References 1. Starcevic A, Filipovic B, editors. Prefrontal Cortex. London: IntechOpen; 2018. 132 p. ISBN: 978-1-83881- 726-8. 2. Dmitriev M, Reverchuk I, Glavatskikh M, Khejgetyan A, Kotsura O. Medical students’ attitudes towards mental stigmatization and its association with own and familial psychosomatic disorders. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020;210:19020. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021019020 3. Kokkonen, P., Karvonen, J. T., Veijola, J., Laksy, K., Jokelainen, J., Jarvelin, M. R. et al. (2001). Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Alexithymia in a Population Sample of Young Adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 471-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/comp.2001.27892 4. Glavatskikh M.M, Reverchuk I.V, Yazykov K.G. The relationship of somatization with the socio- psychological characteristics of personality among adolescents. Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal – Siberian Journal of Psychology. 2023;87:159–169. (In Russ.) English summary. https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/87/9 5. Sumter SR, Bokhorst CL, Miers AC, Van Pelt J, Westenberg PM. Age and puberty differences in stress responses during a public speaking task: do adolescents grow more sensitive to social evaluation? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 Nov;35(10):1510-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.05.004. Epub 2010 Jun 11. PMID: 20541871. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 114 Can the microclimatic conditions of terrainkur influence the results of treatment in patients with arterial hypertension and overweight? Irina A. Grishechkina (1), Anatoliy D. Fesyun (1), Tatyana A. Knyazeva (1), Maxim Yu. Yakovlev (1,2), Mikhail V. Nikitin (1) (1) National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia; (2) Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: GrishechkinaIA@nmicrk.ru Cardiological rehabilitation and health-resort treatment of cardiological patients is a complex of measures providing secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and subsequent acute coronary events.1 Exercise therapy techniques are central to the rehabilitation of cardiac patients.2 Terrainkur, which is a variation of exercise therapy and a combination of exercise therapy and climatotherapy, is recommended for patients with arterial Fig 62. Characteristics of the area. At the top left is a terrainkur route mainly with darkened areas of the terrain, at the top right is a terrainkur route mainly with open areas, below is a general view of the bay on the Black Sea coast, on the shore of which the Vulan spa and resort complex is located (sky color). mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:igor7272@gmail.com mailto:GrishechkinaIA@nmicrk.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it hypertension and excess body weight. The aim of this report is to evaluate effectiveness and safety of using a predictive model for meteopathic reactions (hypertensive crisis) in order to select optimal terrainkur routes for patients with arterial hypertension and excess body weight (Figure 62). A total of 95 overweight and obese patients with arterial hypertension were examined in the premises of "Vulan" health resort complex in the period between 1st April and 31st October 2023, according to the design of an open prospective interventional comparative uncontrolled study. Along with standard therapy, the patients underwent a terrainkur course of 10 procedures. The first group walked a terrainkur route in a microclimate with sparing microclimatic effects on the organism, the second group - in a microclimate with training microclimatic effects on the organism, and for the third group of patients the terrainkur route was selected with due regard to indications of the information and analytical programme to assess the risk of developing meteopathic reactions of the organism.3 Before and after the therapy, we studied heart rate variability and hemodynamic parameters ("Zdoroviye-Express" Hardware and Software Suite, Russia), conducted analysis of body composition by bioimpedance method ("Medass" Scientific and Technical Centre LLC, Russia), assessed psychophysiological characteristics (the Luscher Color Test ("Zdoroviye-Express" Hardware and Software Suite, Russia); the WAM questionnaire (well-being, activity, mood) and the results of the 6-minute walk test. Statistical processing was performed using methods of descriptive statistics. Analysis of intergroup differences and assessment of intragroup dynamics was evaluated using the Mann- Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The significance of differences was established at p <0.05. Processing of all findings was performed using a software package Statistica 8.0, 10.0 (IBM PC, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, USA). The most pronounced reduction in fat mass was observed in the group that underwent terrainkur, which involved the alternation of microclimatic conditions in accordance with the indications provided by the information and analytical programme.4 In addition, the patients in this group demonstrated positive changes in heart rate variability parameters: the rate of decrease of the index of functional changes was -3,9% - decrease from 2,82 (2,35; 3,04])to 2,71 (2,47; 3,01) points (Z=2,83; p=0,005), the rate of decrease of the index of activity of regulatory systems was -28,6% - decrease from 7,0 (5,0; 8.0])to 5.0 (4.0; 6.0) points (Z=2.86; p=0.004), which is statistically significantly different from the indicators in the other two studied groups (0.17 and 0.20, respectively). In conclusion, the safest and most effective is the terrainkur with alternation of microclimatic conditions depending on the indications of information and analytical system to assess the risk of developing meteopathic reactions of the organism (hypertensive crisis). Key Words: Cardiac Rehabilitation; Blood Pressure; Overweight; Heart Rate; Secondary Prevention. References 1. Thomas RJ. Cardiac Rehabilitation - Challenges, Advances, and the Road Ahead. N Engl J Med. 2024 Feb 29;390(9):830-841. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2302291. PMID: 38416431. 2. Campos HO, Rodrigues QT, Drummond LR, Lima PMA, Monteiro MDC, Wanner SP, Coimbra CC. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial revascularization: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Feb 22;23(2):74. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2302074. PMID: 35229565. 3. Fesyun AD, Yurova OV, Grishechkina IA, Yakovlev MYu, Nikitin MV, Knjazeva TA, Valtseva EA. Meteorological parameters and hypertensive crisis risk: a longitudinal study for developing prediction model. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2023; 22(5): 54-65. doi: 10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-5-54-65. 4. Grishechkina IA. Study of the effectiveness and safety of a digital model for predicting the risk of developing a hypertensive crisis during a terrainkur. Mendeley Data. V3. 2024 doi: 10.17632/rrcnggfbjk.3 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 115 The paradigm of somatic intelligence in neurorehabilitation (by ZOOM), Tsverkov S.P. (1,2), Reverchuk I.V (1), Glavatskikh M.M. (2), Kuzmina I.O. (3), Kugubaeva P.A. (2), Shvabauer A.N. (2) (1) Russia, Kaliningrad, ANO DPO “Bioinstitute of somatopsychiatric health protection”; (2) Russia, Kaliningrad, I. Kant Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education BFU; (3) Russia, Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra “Surgut State University”. E-mail: igor7272@gmail.com The article delves into the revolutionary concept of somatic intelligence, exploring its importance in various disciplines such as social psychology, psychiatry, cognitive sciences and psychodynamic approach in medicine and neurorehabilitation. Somatic intelligence, defined as the body's innate ability to process and integrate sensory, emotional and cognitive information, is presented as a key factor in understanding human behaviour, mental health and recovery processes. The authors propose a comprehensive methodological paradigm for research, emphasising the integration of neurodiagnostic tools, holistic therapeutic practices and rehabilitation strategies. This paradigm aims to bridge the gap between mind and body, offering new perspectives on the relationship between physical and psychological well-being. By focusing on somatic intelligence, the article advocates a more nuanced and interdisciplinary approach to mental health care, neurorehabilitation and the development of personalised treatment plans that take into account the person as a whole rather than isolated symptoms Key Words: neuropsychology, neurorehabilitation, psychosomatic balancing, somatic intelligence, self- identity. References 1. Hill S. Somatic Intelligence. California: One Sky Productions; 2015. 2. Dmitriev M, Reverchuk I, Glavatskikh M, Khejgetyan A, Kotsura O. Medical students’ attitudes towards mental stigmatization and its association with own and mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:igor7272@gmail.com European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it familial psychosomatic disorders. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020;210:19020. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021019020 3. Glavatskikh MM, Reverchuk IV, Yazykov KG. The relationship of somatization with the socio- psychological characteristics of personality among adolescents. Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal – Siberian Journal of Psychology. 2023;87:159–169. (In Russ.) English summary. https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/87/9 4. Scognamiglio R, Russo S, Aloisi A, Iaffaldano E. Somatic intelligence: A new perspective of a metacognitive tool? In: Pervin LA, editor. Goal Concept in Personality and Social Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 2014. p. 127–168. 5. Theories of Intelligence: Notes on Theories of Intelligence. Available from: https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/essays/theories- of-intelligence-notes-on-theories-of-intelligence/533. Accessed: June 30, 2024. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 116 The Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D3 on Calcium Homeostasis and Falls Incidence in Patients with Osteoporosis Undergoing Medical Rehabilitation (by ZOOM) Larisa Marchenkova, Anatoliy Fesyun National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility (1). Worldwide, 23% of women and 12% of men have osteoporosis, with the prevalence increasing significantly with age (2). Bone fractures are a major health consequence of osteoporosis leading to an increased risk of mortality, disability, loss of independence and increased medical costs (3). Fall preventing and nutritional status improving are important for patients with osteoporosis undergoing physical rehabilitation to reduce the risk of fractures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of long-term calcium and vitamin D3 intake on calcium homeostasis and fall's rate in patients with osteoporosis starting rehabilitation course. The study enrolled 119 men and women aged 50-80 ys. with osteoporosis who suffered low trauma fractures and had high absolute fracture probability by FRAX, entering the in-patient department for medical rehabilitation. Patients included in the study were randomized into 3 groups. Patients in group 1 (n=41) before starting a rehabilitation course were prescribed for 12 months antiresorptive therapy (bisphosphonates or denosumab) in combination with a food supplement containing calcium citrate 1000 mg and vitamin D3 600 IU daily. Patients in group 2 (n=39) before starting a rehabilitation were prescribed for 12 months only nutritional support with calcium citrate and vitamin in the same daily dosage. Patients of the group 3 made up the control group (n=39) in which patients did not receive any interventions except physical therapy procedures. All patients undergo laboratory examination, food calcium intake and fall assessment at baseline, in 6 and 12 months. Daily calcium intake in the study sample (n=119) was 782.9±243.4 mg. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 38.4% of the examined. An increase in 25(OH)D level was noted in groups 1 and 2 after 6 and 12 months (p<0.01). Patients in group 1 showed an increase in serum osteocalcin and calcium levels after 6 and 12 months (p<0.05). In group 3, there was an increase of PTH level after 6 months (p<0.05) and 12 months (p<0.01), CTx and alkaline phosphatase after 12 months (p<0.05). In group 1, there was a decrease in proportion off fallen at least once patients after 6 months (p=0.026) and in the total falls cases after 12 months (p=0.027). Group 2 showed a decrease in fallen patients number after 6 and 12 months (p=0.0034) and in total falls number after 6 months (p=0.0142). The data obtained on dietary calcium intake and vitamin D insufficiency are generally consistent with the data for our country (4). As in our study, several studies have also demonstrated the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in increasing muscle strength and reducing the risk of falls (5). At the same time, the study Saha, S (2018) found no positive effect of vitamin D on muscle strength (6), and the work of Bislev, LS (2018) even showed that adding higher doses to meals impairs muscle strength (7). At present, the study of Shibasaki, K (2021) is the only published work, in addition to our own, that has demonstrated that participants with osteoporotic vertebral or hip fracture received anti- osteoporotic medication exhibited greater gains in functional independence after the rehabilitation than those who did not (8). In conclusion, the majority of patients aged between 50 and 80 years old with osteoporosis admitted to a rehabilitation hospital have a deficiency of vitamin D and dietary calcium intake. There is no statistically significant improvement in dietary calcium intake and an increase in vitamin D levels when dietary recommendations are taken Fig 63. The study enrolled 119 men and women aged 50-80 ys. with osteoporosis who suffered low trauma fractures and had high absolute fracture probability by FRAX, entering the in-patient department for medical rehabilitation mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it into account. The administration of a moderate dosage of calcium and vitamin D via dietary supplementation has been associated with an increase in serum 25(OH)D levels and the maintenance of calcium and PTH levels, and has been demonstrated to prolong the efficacy of medical rehabilitation, maintaining the achieved improvements in muscle strength and postural balance control for up to 12 months. This is associated with a decrease in falls frequency, and the effects are more pronounced when combined with antiresorptive drugs. The results justify the prescription of calcium and vitamin D supplementation as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme for older patients with osteoporotic fractures. Key words: osteoporosis; medical rehabilitation; bone remodeling; vitamin D. References 1. Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y. Executive summary of European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31:15–17. doi: 10.1007/s40520-018-1109-4. PMID: 30612282. 2. Salari N, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi L, et al. The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:1–20. doi: 10.1186/S13018- 021-02772-0/FIGURES/8. PMID: 34657598. PMCID: PMC8522202. 3 Harvey N, Dennison E, Cooper C. Osteoporosis: impact on health and economics. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010;6:99–105. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.260. PMID: 20125177. 4. Karonova TL, Grineva EN, Nikitina IL, et al. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Northwest region of the Russian Federation among the residents of St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk. Osteoporoz i osteopatii. 2013;(3):3–7 (In Russ.) X5. Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: A systematic review, meta–analysis, and trial sequential analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Nov;6(11):847-858. doi: 10.1016/S2213- 8587(18)30265-1. PMID: 30293909. 6. Saha S, Goswami R., Ramakrishnan L, et al. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, skeletal muscles trength and serum testosterone in young healthy adult males: Randomized control trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018 Feb;88(2):217-226. doi: 10.1111/cen.13507. PMID: 29095521. 7. Bislev LS, Langagergaard Rødbro L, Rolighed L, Sikjaer T, Rejnmark L. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Mass, and Physical Performance in Women with Vitamin D Insufficiency: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Calcif Tissue Int. 2018 Nov;103(5):483-493. doi: 10.1007/s00223-018-0443-z. PMID: 29931459. 8. Shibasaki K., Asahi T., Kuribayashi M., et al. Potential prescribing omissions of anti-osteoporosis drugs is associated with rehabilitation outcomes after fragility fracture: Retrospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2021 May;21(5):386-391. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14145. PMID: 33641245. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 117 Effectiveness of the Pelvic Floor Muscles Electrotherapy and Magnetic Stimulation in Preconception Programs for Women of Reproductive Age, (by ZOOM) Natalia Kotenko, Anatoliy Fesyun National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia The use of preconception programs for women with gynecological diseases can improve fertility rates, increase the reproductive potential and fertility of women planning a pregnancy.1-4 The aim of the study was to optimize preconception training programs for women of reproductive age using electrotherapy and magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles. The use of electropulse therapy and magnetic field effects on the pelvic organs in programs is important due to the microcirculatory outcomes that these effects facilitate. An open randomized controlled trial in parallel groups was conducted. As a result of the initial questionnaire, collection of complaints and anamnesis, according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 80 patients diagnosed with chronic endometritis and pelvic organ prolapse 1st and 2nd degree aged 25-45 years were included in the study. The patients included in the study were randomized into 2 groups. The first group, the control group (n-40), received standard therapy, including a daily complex intake of vitamin and mineral preparations. The patients of the second group (n-40) underwent a complex of preconception preparation, including standard therapy in combination with electrical pulse therapy and a high- intensity. Pulsed magnetic field on the pelvic floor area. All the patients underwent laboratory and clinical investigations before and in 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Following the intervention, there was a notable increase in the uterine arterial perfusion index in groups 1 and 2 when compared to the baseline measurement. In contrast, the control group did not demonstrate any changes. The median of this indicator in the control group did not change significantly (p>0.05), in the first group it increased by 2.36 times (p<0.05). According to ultrasound Doppler ultrasonography of uterine vessels, the frequency of visualisation of colour signals of arcuate and basal vessels of myometrium in group 2 increased by 84.3% after the exposure, and by 56.2% - of spiral vessels of endometrium, respectively. The maximum blood flow velocity and systole-diastolic ratio significantly decreased in the 2nd study group (p<0.05). After the treatment group 2 showed a statistically significant decrease in the value of anterior urethrovesical angle (α) during Valsalva test (before treatment 69.96±2.38, after treatment 54.31±3.16, p<0, 001) and the value of rotation angle α during loading (before treatment 35.23±2.75, after treatment 19.78±2.87, p<0.001) compared to the control group (before treatment 64.35±1.96 and 33.15±2.37, after treatment 64.14±2.06 and 33.07±2.14, p>0.5). When analyzing delayed results, a significant increase in pregnancy cases in the second group was revealed by 1.6 times (36.8%) compared to the control group (23%) (p< 0.05, chi-square test). In conclusion, preconception programs should be recommended, including methods of electrotherapy and magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles for women mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it with impaired uterine blood flow and grade 1 and 2 pelvic organ prolapse. Pre-pregnancy programs improve fertility rates for women planning pregnancy. Key words: electrotherapy, magnetic stimulation, pelvic floor muscles, preconception program. References 1. Luigi C, Tiziano P. Mechanisms of action and effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in medicine. J Med Res Surg 2020; 1(6): 1-4. doi:10.52916/jmrs204033 2. Borisevich OO, Fesyun AD, Kotenko NV. Application of physical factors in the chronic endometritis treatment: a review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 2023; 22(1): 110-16. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962- 2023-22-1-110-116 3. Konchugova TV, Kotenko NV, Yurova OV, Borisevich OO. Effectiveness of sanatorium treatment programs for women with chronic endometritis: a prospective randomized study. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 2023; 22(6): 8-20. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962- 2023-22-6-8-20 4. Gaidarova AKh, Kulchitskaia DB, Sycheva AIu, Alisultanova LS, Kotenko NV, Tarasova TIu. Dynamics of the functional characteristics of the microcirculation system in the women of late reproductive age presenting with chronic endometritis under effect of contrast massage. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2014 Jul-Aug; (4):33-7. Russian. PMID: 25314767. 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 118 Effectiveness of a Rehabilitation Programme for Patients with Post-Thrombotic Syndrome including Robotic Biofeedback Training of the Calf Muscle Venous Pump (by ZOOM) Tatiana V. Apkhanova, Tatiana V. Konchugova, Detelina B. Kulchitskaya, Anatoly. D. Fesyun National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia E-mail: apkhanova@yandex.ru National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia In advanced stages of chronic venous insufficiency, the calf muscles may become dysfunctional, leading to a slowdown in blood flow in the lower extremities and an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It has been established that physical exercise improves venous return of blood from the lower extremities by improving the function of the gastrocnemius and plantar muscle pumps, achieved by increasing the range of motion in the ankle joint. A review of the literature reveals a lack of prior studies examining the effectiveness of robotic lower extremity muscle training with biofeedback in patients with post-thrombophlebitic syndrome (PTFS) of the lower extremities. The aim was to study the effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation program using robotic lower extremity muscle training with biofeedback on the performance of the calf muscle pump, as well as on the range of motion of the ankle joints (AROM) in patients with post-thrombophlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities.[2,3] This pilot project included 20 patients with lower limb PTFS (C3-C5 according to the CEAP classification), average age 56.12±4.9 years, disease duration 8.67±1.14 years, BMI 27.01±2.68. All patients had a documented history of an episode of DVT. The patients underwent goniometry with measurement of the range of motion in the ankle joint (dorsiflexion) in degrees and measurement of the malleolar volume (cm). The performance of the calf muscle-venous pump was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry of the lower limb muscles on a robotic biomechanical diagnostic complex with biofeedback (BFB) (CON-TREX, Physiomed, Germany). The following significant strength parameters were studied: average extension force (N), as well as total work (J). Each patient underwent measurements before and after the rehabilitation course, including intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of the legs No. 12, laser therapy on the vascular area of the lower extremities No. 12, as well as 12 robotic training sessions on the Leg Press Module with biofeedback (CON-TREX, Physiomed, Germany) (Figure 64). Results. Following the completion of the rehabilitation programme, an increase in the AROM (dorsiflexion) was observed from 7.48 ± 3.42 degrees to 9.62 ± 3.56 degrees, with the age norm being 20 degrees. The isokinetic dynamometry data indicated an improvement in the average limb extension force (Newton) by 176%, and total work (J) by 144%. Additionally, a reduction in the malleolar circumference by 6.85% was observed as a consequence of IPC and laser therapy. In conclusion: Edema, decreasing AROM (dorsiflexion) and calf muscle pump dysfunction are associated with progressive severity in PTFS. Accordingly, the application of robotic biofeedback training of the lower extremity muscles in conjunction with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and laser therapy results in a decrease in venous hypertension, strengthening of the ankle joints and improvement of muscle-venous pump function, which is accompanied by an improvement in the functional mobility and an overall well-being of patients with PTFS. Fig 64. Biofeedback simulator for lower extremity muscles (CONTREX, Germany) mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:apkhanova@yandex.ru European Journal of Translational Myology Impact Factor1.8 – Scopus 3.3 - ISSN 2037–7452-eISSN 2037-7460 – PubMed listed 2025Pdm3 Program and Abstracts Eur J Transl Myol 35 (1) 14z04. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2025.13789 2025 Pdm3 Secretariate: Ugo Carraro – A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: ugo.carraro@unipd.it - Ugo Carraro mobile: +39 338 1575745 – Barabara Ravara - A-C M-C Foundation – E-mail: Barbara.ravara@unipd.it Key words: post-thrombophlebitic syndrome, physical exercise, robotic training, calf muscle pump dysfunction. References 1. Padberg FT Jr, Johnston MV, Sisto SA. Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial // J Vasc Surg. 2004 Jan;39(1):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09.036. PMID: 14718821. 2. Bertochi T, Gomes RZ, Martins M. Ankle joint mobility as a predictor of treatment prognosis in patients with chronic venous insufficiency with venous ulcers. J Vasc Bras. 2019 Jun 25;18:e20180133. doi: 10.1590/1677- 5449.180133. PMID: 31360156; PMCID: PMC6636814. 3. Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Bullo V, Vendramin B, Duregon F, Frizziero A, Di Blasio A, Cugusi L, Zaccaria M, Ermolao A. Reliability of a device for the knee and ankle isometric and isokinetic strength testing in older adults. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2017 Sep 18;7(2):323- 330. doi: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.2.323. PMID: 29264344; PMCID: PMC5725182 2025Pdm3 March 25 - 29, 2029 ***** 2025Pdm3 March 29 - Abstract 119 Functional asymmetry and interhemispheric interactions as predictors of mental and somatic disorders Reverchuk IV, Aryamkina O, Kuzmina IO, Kugaevskaya TS, Melnikova DO, Safiullina LR (by ZOOM) Bioinstitute for Somatopsychic Health, Kaliningrad, Russia Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia E-mail: igor7272igor@gmail.com The persistent interest in studying individual functional asymmetry in mental activity among both healthy individuals and patients has prompted numerous scientific investigations. However, the practical application of these findings remains limited. A meta-analysis of data from various sources highlights a significant correlation between the functional asymmetry profile and the likelihood of developing specific diseases, as well as the peculiarities of their progression, particularly in psychiatric and therapeutic contexts. Notably, a research gap exists regarding this correlation, especially among cardiology patients, including those with primary arterial hypertension. In this group, the disease’s pathogenesis is closely linked to autonomic nervous system dysfunction, often manifesting as sympathicotonic hyperactivity. The individual profile of interhemispheric asymmetry determines the specificity of mental functions and may serve as a predictor for the development of essential arterial hypertension. Given these findings, the inclusion of a novel screening method a rapid test for detecting left-handedness-into diagnostic protocols appears promising. This method, currently under validation, is notable for its speed, efficiency, and accessibility. It requires no specialized equipment, incurs minimal financial costs, and demands little effort from both researchers and participants, making it suitable for diverse clinical settings. Key Words: Functional asymmetry; interhemispheric interactions, predictors of mental and somatic disorders. References 1. Leite-Almeida, H., d'Ascanio, P., Faraguna, U., & Manzoni, D. (2022). Editorial: Asymmetry in the central nervous system: Functional implications. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 16, 1002965. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.1002965 PMID: 36158453; PMCID: PMC9491234. 2. Michel, G. F. (2021). Handedness Development: A Model for Investigating the Development of Hemispheric Specialization and Interhemispheric Coordination. Symmetry, 13, 992. doi.org/10.3390/sym13060992 3. Szczupak, D., Iack, P. M., Rayêe, D., Liu, C., Lent, R., Tovar-Moll, F., & Silva, A. C. (2023). The relevance of heterotopic callosal fibers to interhemispheric connectivity of the mammalian brain. Cerebral Cortex, 33(8), 4752–4760. doi/10.1093/cercor/bhac377PMID: 36178137; PMCID: PMC10110439. 4. Leisman, G., Melillo, R., Melillo, T., Machado, C., Machado-Ferrer, Y., Chinchilla, M., & Carmeli, E. (2022). Taking Sides: Asymmetries in the Evolution of Human Brain Development in Better Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder. Symmetry, 14, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122689 5. Dmitriev, Maxim & Reverchuk, Igor & Glavatskikh, Marianna & Khejgetyan, Artur & Kotsura, Ol’ga. (2020). Medical students’ attitudes towards mental stigmatization and its associated with own and familial psychosomatic disorders. E3S Web of Conferences. 210. 19020. 10.1051/e3sconf/202021019020. mailto:ugo.carraro@unipd.it-Ugo mailto:Barbara.ravara@unipd.it mailto:igor7272igor@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.1002965 Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, March 25-29, 2025, Hotel Petrarca, Euganean Thermae, Italy: Program and Abstracts Abstract List of acronyms Acknowledgments Funding Conflict of Interest Ethical Publication Statement Corresponding Author Emails and ORCID iD of Coauthors References Disclaimer TUESDAY March 25, 2025 TUESDAY March 25, 2025 TUESDAY March 25, 2025 THURSDAY March 27, 2025 THURSDAY March 27, 2025 4. Zampieri, S., L. Pietrangelo, S. Loefler, H. Fruhmann, M. Vogelauer, S. Burggraf, A. Pond, M. Grim-Stieger, J. Cvecka, M. Sedliak, V. Tirpakova, W. Mayr, N. Sarabon, K. Rossini, L. Barberi, M. De Rossi, V. Romanello, S. Boncompagni, A. Musarò, M. S...