id sid tid token lemma pos eblip-30873 1 1 evidence evidence NOUN eblip-30873 1 2 summary summary NOUN eblip-30873 1 3     SPACE eblip-30873 1 4 new new ADJ eblip-30873 1 5 information information NOUN eblip-30873 1 6 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 1 7 model model NOUN eblip-30873 1 8 for for ADP eblip-30873 1 9 identifying identify VERB eblip-30873 1 10 mis mis NOUN eblip-30873 1 11 / / SYM eblip-30873 1 12 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 1 13 falls fall VERB eblip-30873 1 14 short short ADV eblip-30873 1 15 of of ADP eblip-30873 1 16 determining determine VERB eblip-30873 1 17 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 1 18 addressing address VERB eblip-30873 1 19 a a DET eblip-30873 1 20 need need NOUN eblip-30873 1 21     SPACE eblip-30873 1 22 a a DET eblip-30873 1 23 review review NOUN eblip-30873 1 24 of of ADP eblip-30873 1 25 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 1 26 john john PROPN eblip-30873 1 27 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 1 28 k. k. PROPN eblip-30873 1 29 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 1 30 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 1 31 tater tater PROPN eblip-30873 1 32 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 1 33 b. b. PROPN eblip-30873 1 34 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 1 35 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 1 36 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 1 37 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 2 1 reframing reframe VERB eblip-30873 2 2 the the DET eblip-30873 2 3 information information NOUN eblip-30873 2 4 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 2 5 framework framework NOUN eblip-30873 2 6 to to PART eblip-30873 2 7 identify identify VERB eblip-30873 2 8 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 2 9 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 2 10 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 2 11 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 3 1 serials serials PROPN eblip-30873 3 2 librarian librarian NOUN eblip-30873 3 3 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 3 4 86(1/2 86(1/2 NUM eblip-30873 3 5 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 3 6 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 3 7 29–55 29–55 NUM eblip-30873 3 8 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 4 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526x.2025.2459765 https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526x.2025.2459765 PROPN eblip-30873 4 2     SPACE eblip-30873 4 3 reviewed review VERB eblip-30873 4 4 by by ADP eblip-30873 4 5 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 4 6 abbey abbey PROPN eblip-30873 4 7 lewis lewis PROPN eblip-30873 4 8 stem stem PROPN eblip-30873 4 9 engagement engagement PROPN eblip-30873 4 10 librarian librarian PROPN eblip-30873 4 11 university university PROPN eblip-30873 4 12 of of ADP eblip-30873 4 13 colorado colorado PROPN eblip-30873 4 14 boulder boulder PROPN eblip-30873 4 15 boulder boulder PROPN eblip-30873 4 16 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 4 17 colorado colorado PROPN eblip-30873 4 18 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 4 19 united united PROPN eblip-30873 4 20 states states PROPN eblip-30873 4 21 of of ADP eblip-30873 4 22 america america PROPN eblip-30873 4 23 email email NOUN eblip-30873 4 24 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 4 25 abbey.b.lewis@colorado.edu abbey.b.lewis@colorado.edu PROPN eblip-30873 4 26     SPACE eblip-30873 4 27 received receive VERB eblip-30873 4 28 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 4 29 24 24 NUM eblip-30873 4 30 aug aug PROPN eblip-30873 4 31 . . PROPN eblip-30873 4 32 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 4 33                                                                                                 SPACE eblip-30873 4 34 accepted accept VERB eblip-30873 4 35 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 4 36     SPACE eblip-30873 4 37 10 10 NUM eblip-30873 4 38 oct oct PROPN eblip-30873 4 39 . . PROPN eblip-30873 4 40 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 4 41             SPACE eblip-30873 4 42 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 4 43 lewis lewis PROPN eblip-30873 4 44 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 5 1 this this PRON eblip-30873 5 2 is be AUX eblip-30873 5 3 an an DET eblip-30873 5 4 open open ADJ eblip-30873 5 5 access access NOUN eblip-30873 5 6 article article NOUN eblip-30873 5 7 distributed distribute VERB eblip-30873 5 8 under under ADP eblip-30873 5 9 the the DET eblip-30873 5 10 terms term NOUN eblip-30873 5 11 of of ADP eblip-30873 5 12 the the DET eblip-30873 5 13 creative creative ADJ eblip-30873 5 14 commons‐attribution‐noncommercial‐share commons‐attribution‐noncommercial‐share NOUN eblip-30873 5 15 alike alike ADJ eblip-30873 5 16 license license VERB eblip-30873 5 17 4.0 4.0 NUM eblip-30873 5 18 international international ADJ eblip-30873 5 19 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 5 20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ PROPN eblip-30873 5 21 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 5 22 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 23 which which PRON eblip-30873 5 24 permits permit VERB eblip-30873 5 25 unrestricted unrestricted ADJ eblip-30873 5 26 use use NOUN eblip-30873 5 27 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 28 distribution distribution NOUN eblip-30873 5 29 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 30 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 5 31 reproduction reproduction NOUN eblip-30873 5 32 in in ADP eblip-30873 5 33 any any DET eblip-30873 5 34 medium medium NOUN eblip-30873 5 35 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 36 provided provide VERB eblip-30873 5 37 the the DET eblip-30873 5 38 original original ADJ eblip-30873 5 39 work work NOUN eblip-30873 5 40 is be AUX eblip-30873 5 41 properly properly ADV eblip-30873 5 42 attributed attribute VERB eblip-30873 5 43 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 44 not not PART eblip-30873 5 45 used use VERB eblip-30873 5 46 for for ADP eblip-30873 5 47 commercial commercial ADJ eblip-30873 5 48 purposes purpose NOUN eblip-30873 5 49 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 50 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 5 51 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 52 if if SCONJ eblip-30873 5 53 transformed transform VERB eblip-30873 5 54 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 5 55 the the DET eblip-30873 5 56 resulting result VERB eblip-30873 5 57 work work NOUN eblip-30873 5 58 is be AUX eblip-30873 5 59 redistributed redistribute VERB eblip-30873 5 60 under under ADP eblip-30873 5 61 the the DET eblip-30873 5 62 same same ADJ eblip-30873 5 63 or or CCONJ eblip-30873 5 64 similar similar ADJ eblip-30873 5 65 license license NOUN eblip-30873 5 66 to to ADP eblip-30873 5 67 this this DET eblip-30873 5 68 one one NUM eblip-30873 5 69 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 5 70         SPACE eblip-30873 6 1 doi doi NOUN eblip-30873 6 2 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 6 3 10.18438 10.18438 NUM eblip-30873 6 4 / / SYM eblip-30873 6 5 eblip30873 eblip30873 PROPN eblip-30873 6 6         SPACE eblip-30873 6 7 abstract abstract ADJ eblip-30873 6 8     SPACE eblip-30873 6 9 objective objective NOUN eblip-30873 6 10 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 6 11 to to PART eblip-30873 6 12 determine determine VERB eblip-30873 6 13 the the DET eblip-30873 6 14 information information NOUN eblip-30873 6 15 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 6 16 skills skill NOUN eblip-30873 6 17 needed need VERB eblip-30873 6 18 for for ADP eblip-30873 6 19 identifying identify VERB eblip-30873 6 20 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 6 21 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 6 22 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 6 23 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 6 24 examine examine VERB eblip-30873 6 25 current current ADJ eblip-30873 6 26 information information NOUN eblip-30873 6 27 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 6 28 models model NOUN eblip-30873 6 29 ’ ' PUNCT eblip-30873 6 30 incorporation incorporation NOUN eblip-30873 6 31 of of ADP eblip-30873 6 32 those those DET eblip-30873 6 33 skills skill NOUN eblip-30873 6 34 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 6 35 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 6 36 propose propose VERB eblip-30873 6 37 a a DET eblip-30873 6 38 new new ADJ eblip-30873 6 39 information information NOUN eblip-30873 6 40 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 6 41 model model NOUN eblip-30873 6 42 to to PART eblip-30873 6 43 address address VERB eblip-30873 6 44 those those DET eblip-30873 6 45 skills skill NOUN eblip-30873 6 46 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 6 47     SPACE eblip-30873 7 1 design design NOUN eblip-30873 7 2 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 7 3 analysis analysis NOUN eblip-30873 7 4 of of ADP eblip-30873 7 5 published publish VERB eblip-30873 7 6 literature literature NOUN eblip-30873 7 7 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 7 8     SPACE eblip-30873 8 1 setting set VERB eblip-30873 8 2 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 8 3 publications publication NOUN eblip-30873 8 4 on on ADP eblip-30873 8 5 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 8 6 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 8 7 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 8 8 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 8 9 information information NOUN eblip-30873 8 10 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 8 11 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 8 12     SPACE eblip-30873 9 1 subjects subject NOUN eblip-30873 9 2 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 9 3 information information NOUN eblip-30873 9 4 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 9 5 models model NOUN eblip-30873 9 6 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 9 7     SPACE eblip-30873 10 1 methods method NOUN eblip-30873 10 2 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 10 3 google google NOUN eblip-30873 10 4 scholar scholar NOUN eblip-30873 10 5 was be AUX eblip-30873 10 6 used use VERB eblip-30873 10 7 to to PART eblip-30873 10 8 locate locate VERB eblip-30873 10 9 1,378 1,378 NUM eblip-30873 10 10 peer peer NOUN eblip-30873 10 11 - - PUNCT eblip-30873 10 12 reviewed review VERB eblip-30873 10 13 articles article NOUN eblip-30873 10 14 addressing address VERB eblip-30873 10 15 topics topic NOUN eblip-30873 10 16 related relate VERB eblip-30873 10 17 to to ADP eblip-30873 10 18 the the DET eblip-30873 10 19 current current ADJ eblip-30873 10 20 study study NOUN eblip-30873 10 21 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 11 1 of of ADP eblip-30873 11 2 these these PRON eblip-30873 11 3 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 4 175 175 NUM eblip-30873 11 5 papers paper NOUN eblip-30873 11 6 were be AUX eblip-30873 11 7 selected select VERB eblip-30873 11 8 for for ADP eblip-30873 11 9 analysis analysis NOUN eblip-30873 11 10 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 11 categorized categorize VERB eblip-30873 11 12 into into ADP eblip-30873 11 13 the the DET eblip-30873 11 14 following follow VERB eblip-30873 11 15 areas area NOUN eblip-30873 11 16 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 11 17 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 18 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 19 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 20 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 21 causes cause NOUN eblip-30873 11 22 of of ADP eblip-30873 11 23 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 24 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 25 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 26 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 27 types type NOUN eblip-30873 11 28 of of ADP eblip-30873 11 29 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 30 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 31 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 32 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 33 identification identification NOUN eblip-30873 11 34 of of ADP eblip-30873 11 35 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 36 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 37 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 38 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 39 library library NOUN eblip-30873 11 40 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 41 information information NOUN eblip-30873 11 42 services service NOUN eblip-30873 11 43 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 44 information information NOUN eblip-30873 11 45 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 11 46 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 47 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 48 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 49 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 50 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 51 information information NOUN eblip-30873 11 52 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 11 53 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 11 54 information information NOUN eblip-30873 11 55 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 11 56 models model NOUN eblip-30873 11 57 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 11 58 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 11 59 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 12 1 content content NOUN eblip-30873 12 2 from from ADP eblip-30873 12 3 the the DET eblip-30873 12 4 studies study NOUN eblip-30873 12 5 was be AUX eblip-30873 12 6 synthesized synthesize VERB eblip-30873 12 7 into into ADP eblip-30873 12 8 a a DET eblip-30873 12 9 discussion discussion NOUN eblip-30873 12 10 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 12 11 used use VERB eblip-30873 12 12 to to PART eblip-30873 12 13 create create VERB eblip-30873 12 14 a a DET eblip-30873 12 15 new new ADJ eblip-30873 12 16 information information NOUN eblip-30873 12 17 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 12 18 model model NOUN eblip-30873 12 19 to to PART eblip-30873 12 20 address address VERB eblip-30873 12 21 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 12 22 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 12 23 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 12 24 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 12 25     SPACE eblip-30873 13 1 main main ADJ eblip-30873 13 2 results result NOUN eblip-30873 13 3 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 13 4 the the DET eblip-30873 13 5 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 13 6 assert assert VERB eblip-30873 13 7 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 13 8 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 13 9 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 13 10 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 13 11 pose pose VERB eblip-30873 13 12 a a DET eblip-30873 13 13 substantial substantial ADJ eblip-30873 13 14 problem problem NOUN eblip-30873 13 15 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 13 16 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 13 17 current current ADJ eblip-30873 13 18 information information NOUN eblip-30873 13 19 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 13 20 models model NOUN eblip-30873 13 21 do do AUX eblip-30873 13 22 not not PART eblip-30873 13 23 adequately adequately ADV eblip-30873 13 24 underscore underscore VERB eblip-30873 13 25 elements element NOUN eblip-30873 13 26 that that PRON eblip-30873 13 27 lead lead VERB eblip-30873 13 28 to to ADP eblip-30873 13 29 the the DET eblip-30873 13 30 identification identification NOUN eblip-30873 13 31 of of ADP eblip-30873 13 32 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 13 33 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 13 34 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 13 35 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 14 1 they they PRON eblip-30873 14 2 point point VERB eblip-30873 14 3 to to ADP eblip-30873 14 4 plagiarism plagiarism NOUN eblip-30873 14 5 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 14 6 poor poor ADJ eblip-30873 14 7 research research NOUN eblip-30873 14 8 design design NOUN eblip-30873 14 9 as as ADP eblip-30873 14 10 evidence evidence NOUN eblip-30873 14 11 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 14 12 existing exist VERB eblip-30873 14 13 models model NOUN eblip-30873 14 14 are be AUX eblip-30873 14 15 unable unable ADJ eblip-30873 14 16 to to PART eblip-30873 14 17 assist assist VERB eblip-30873 14 18 in in ADP eblip-30873 14 19 substantiating substantiate VERB eblip-30873 14 20 information information NOUN eblip-30873 14 21 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 15 1 recommendations recommendation NOUN eblip-30873 15 2 for for ADP eblip-30873 15 3 an an DET eblip-30873 15 4 information information NOUN eblip-30873 15 5 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 15 6 model model NOUN eblip-30873 15 7 include include VERB eblip-30873 15 8 promoting promote VERB eblip-30873 15 9 thorough thorough ADJ eblip-30873 15 10 analysis analysis NOUN eblip-30873 15 11 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 15 12 emphasizing emphasize VERB eblip-30873 15 13 accuracy accuracy NOUN eblip-30873 15 14 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 15 15 educating educate VERB eblip-30873 15 16 users user NOUN eblip-30873 15 17 about about ADP eblip-30873 15 18 determining determine VERB eblip-30873 15 19 the the DET eblip-30873 15 20 purpose purpose NOUN eblip-30873 15 21 of of ADP eblip-30873 15 22 information information NOUN eblip-30873 15 23 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 15 24 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 15 25 integrating integrate VERB eblip-30873 15 26 information information NOUN eblip-30873 15 27 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 15 28 communication communication NOUN eblip-30873 15 29 technology technology NOUN eblip-30873 15 30 skills skill NOUN eblip-30873 15 31 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 16 1 additionally additionally ADV eblip-30873 16 2 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 16 3 the the DET eblip-30873 16 4 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 16 5 propose propose VERB eblip-30873 16 6 an an DET eblip-30873 16 7 information information NOUN eblip-30873 16 8 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 16 9 model model NOUN eblip-30873 16 10 that that PRON eblip-30873 16 11 lists list VERB eblip-30873 16 12 components component NOUN eblip-30873 16 13 of of ADP eblip-30873 16 14 information information NOUN eblip-30873 16 15 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 16 16 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 16 17 information information NOUN eblip-30873 16 18 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 16 19 skills skill NOUN eblip-30873 16 20 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 16 21 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 16 22 elements element NOUN eblip-30873 16 23 of of ADP eblip-30873 16 24 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 16 25 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 16 26 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 16 27 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 16 28     SPACE eblip-30873 16 29 conclusion conclusion NOUN eblip-30873 16 30 – – PUNCT eblip-30873 16 31 the the DET eblip-30873 16 32 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 16 33 suggest suggest VERB eblip-30873 16 34 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 16 35 their their PRON eblip-30873 16 36 review review NOUN eblip-30873 16 37 of of ADP eblip-30873 16 38 relevant relevant ADJ eblip-30873 16 39 literature literature NOUN eblip-30873 16 40 shows show VERB eblip-30873 16 41 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 16 42 existing exist VERB eblip-30873 16 43 information information NOUN eblip-30873 16 44 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 16 45 models model NOUN eblip-30873 16 46 do do AUX eblip-30873 16 47 not not PART eblip-30873 16 48 facilitate facilitate VERB eblip-30873 16 49 the the DET eblip-30873 16 50 identification identification NOUN eblip-30873 16 51 of of ADP eblip-30873 16 52 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 16 53 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 16 54 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 16 55 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 17 1 furthermore furthermore ADV eblip-30873 17 2 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 17 3 the the DET eblip-30873 17 4 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 17 5 believe believe VERB eblip-30873 17 6 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 17 7 this this DET eblip-30873 17 8 weakness weakness NOUN eblip-30873 17 9 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 17 10 coupled couple VERB eblip-30873 17 11 with with ADP eblip-30873 17 12 changes change NOUN eblip-30873 17 13 to to ADP eblip-30873 17 14 the the DET eblip-30873 17 15 online online ADJ eblip-30873 17 16 information information NOUN eblip-30873 17 17 environment environment NOUN eblip-30873 17 18 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 17 19 necessitates necessitate VERB eblip-30873 17 20 an an DET eblip-30873 17 21 information information NOUN eblip-30873 17 22 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 17 23 model model NOUN eblip-30873 17 24 to to PART eblip-30873 17 25 assist assist VERB eblip-30873 17 26 users user NOUN eblip-30873 17 27 in in ADP eblip-30873 17 28 identifying identify VERB eblip-30873 17 29 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 17 30 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 17 31 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 17 32 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 18 1 their their PRON eblip-30873 18 2 proposed propose VERB eblip-30873 18 3 information information NOUN eblip-30873 18 4 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 18 5 model model NOUN eblip-30873 18 6 includes include VERB eblip-30873 18 7 elements element NOUN eblip-30873 18 8 that that PRON eblip-30873 18 9 they they PRON eblip-30873 18 10 believe believe VERB eblip-30873 18 11 support support VERB eblip-30873 18 12 this this DET eblip-30873 18 13 need need NOUN eblip-30873 18 14 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 18 15     SPACE eblip-30873 18 16 commentary commentary NOUN eblip-30873 18 17     SPACE eblip-30873 18 18 information information NOUN eblip-30873 18 19 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 18 20 models model NOUN eblip-30873 18 21 offer offer VERB eblip-30873 18 22 a a DET eblip-30873 18 23 conceptual conceptual ADJ eblip-30873 18 24 view view NOUN eblip-30873 18 25 of of ADP eblip-30873 18 26 how how SCONJ eblip-30873 18 27 users user NOUN eblip-30873 18 28 understand understand VERB eblip-30873 18 29 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 18 30 interact interact VERB eblip-30873 18 31 with with ADP eblip-30873 18 32 information information NOUN eblip-30873 18 33 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 18 34 providing provide VERB eblip-30873 18 35 guidance guidance NOUN eblip-30873 18 36 for for ADP eblip-30873 18 37 students student NOUN eblip-30873 18 38 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 18 39 instructors instructor NOUN eblip-30873 18 40 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 19 1 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 19 2 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 19 3 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 19 4 continue continue VERB eblip-30873 19 5 to to PART eblip-30873 19 6 proliferate proliferate VERB eblip-30873 19 7 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 19 8 requiring require VERB eblip-30873 19 9 evolving evolve VERB eblip-30873 19 10 research research NOUN eblip-30873 19 11 methods method NOUN eblip-30873 19 12 to to PART eblip-30873 19 13 understand understand VERB eblip-30873 19 14 its its PRON eblip-30873 19 15 nature nature NOUN eblip-30873 19 16 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 20 1 instructional instructional ADJ eblip-30873 20 2 librarians librarian NOUN eblip-30873 20 3 have have AUX eblip-30873 20 4 adapted adapt VERB eblip-30873 20 5 teaching teach VERB eblip-30873 20 6 strategies strategy NOUN eblip-30873 20 7 to to PART eblip-30873 20 8 assist assist VERB eblip-30873 20 9 users user NOUN eblip-30873 20 10 with with ADP eblip-30873 20 11 increasingly increasingly ADV eblip-30873 20 12 complex complex ADJ eblip-30873 20 13 resource resource NOUN eblip-30873 20 14 evaluation evaluation NOUN eblip-30873 20 15 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 20 16 amriza amriza PROPN eblip-30873 20 17 et et PROPN eblip-30873 20 18 al al PROPN eblip-30873 20 19 . . PROPN eblip-30873 20 20 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 20 21 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 20 22 ; ; PUNCT eblip-30873 20 23 willenborg willenborg NOUN eblip-30873 20 24 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 20 25 detmering detmering NOUN eblip-30873 20 26 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 20 27 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 20 28 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 20 29 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 21 1 the the DET eblip-30873 21 2 current current ADJ eblip-30873 21 3 study study NOUN eblip-30873 21 4 seeks seek VERB eblip-30873 21 5 to to PART eblip-30873 21 6 determine determine VERB eblip-30873 21 7 whether whether SCONJ eblip-30873 21 8 existing exist VERB eblip-30873 21 9 information information NOUN eblip-30873 21 10 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 21 11 models model NOUN eblip-30873 21 12 support support VERB eblip-30873 21 13 the the DET eblip-30873 21 14 identification identification NOUN eblip-30873 21 15 of of ADP eblip-30873 21 16 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 21 17 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 21 18 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 21 19 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 21 20 propose propose VERB eblip-30873 21 21 a a DET eblip-30873 21 22 model model NOUN eblip-30873 21 23 to to PART eblip-30873 21 24 describe describe VERB eblip-30873 21 25 how how SCONJ eblip-30873 21 26 users user NOUN eblip-30873 21 27 might might AUX eblip-30873 21 28 correctly correctly ADV eblip-30873 21 29 perform perform VERB eblip-30873 21 30 that that DET eblip-30873 21 31 task task NOUN eblip-30873 21 32 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 21 33 john john PROPN eblip-30873 21 34 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 21 35 tater tater PROPN eblip-30873 21 36 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 21 37 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 21 38 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 21 39 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 21 40     SPACE eblip-30873 22 1 this this DET eblip-30873 22 2 evidence evidence NOUN eblip-30873 22 3 summary summary NOUN eblip-30873 22 4 utilizes utilize VERB eblip-30873 22 5 “ " PUNCT eblip-30873 22 6 the the DET eblip-30873 22 7 cat cat NOUN eblip-30873 22 8 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 22 9 a a DET eblip-30873 22 10 generic generic ADJ eblip-30873 22 11 critical critical ADJ eblip-30873 22 12 appraisal appraisal NOUN eblip-30873 22 13 tool tool NOUN eblip-30873 22 14 ” " PUNCT eblip-30873 22 15 to to PART eblip-30873 22 16 assess assess VERB eblip-30873 22 17 the the DET eblip-30873 22 18 quality quality NOUN eblip-30873 22 19 of of ADP eblip-30873 22 20 the the DET eblip-30873 22 21 current current ADJ eblip-30873 22 22 study study NOUN eblip-30873 22 23 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 22 24 revealing reveal VERB eblip-30873 22 25 notable notable ADJ eblip-30873 22 26 strengths strength NOUN eblip-30873 22 27 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 22 28 weaknesses weakness NOUN eblip-30873 22 29 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 22 30 perryman perryman PROPN eblip-30873 22 31 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 22 32 rathbun rathbun PROPN eblip-30873 22 33 - - PUNCT eblip-30873 22 34 grubb grubb PROPN eblip-30873 22 35 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 22 36 2014 2014 NUM eblip-30873 22 37 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 22 38 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 23 1 the the DET eblip-30873 23 2 study study NOUN eblip-30873 23 3 fulfills fulfill VERB eblip-30873 23 4 the the DET eblip-30873 23 5 cat cat NOUN eblip-30873 23 6 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 23 7 appraisal appraisal NOUN eblip-30873 23 8 guideline guideline NOUN eblip-30873 23 9 to to PART eblip-30873 23 10 provide provide VERB eblip-30873 23 11 a a DET eblip-30873 23 12 clear clear ADJ eblip-30873 23 13 description description NOUN eblip-30873 23 14 of of ADP eblip-30873 23 15 the the DET eblip-30873 23 16 study study NOUN eblip-30873 23 17 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 23 18 necessity necessity NOUN eblip-30873 23 19 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 23 20 aims aim NOUN eblip-30873 23 21 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 23 22 positioning position VERB eblip-30873 23 23 information information NOUN eblip-30873 23 24 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 23 25 as as ADP eblip-30873 23 26 an an DET eblip-30873 23 27 appropriate appropriate ADJ eblip-30873 23 28 strategy strategy NOUN eblip-30873 23 29 for for ADP eblip-30873 23 30 dismantling dismantle VERB eblip-30873 23 31 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 23 32 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 24 1 the the DET eblip-30873 24 2 study study NOUN eblip-30873 24 3 also also ADV eblip-30873 24 4 includes include VERB eblip-30873 24 5 a a DET eblip-30873 24 6 large large ADJ eblip-30873 24 7 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 24 8 multidisciplinary multidisciplinary ADJ eblip-30873 24 9 literature literature NOUN eblip-30873 24 10 review review NOUN eblip-30873 24 11 that that PRON eblip-30873 24 12 allows allow VERB eblip-30873 24 13 the the DET eblip-30873 24 14 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 24 15 to to PART eblip-30873 24 16 grapple grapple VERB eblip-30873 24 17 with with ADP eblip-30873 24 18 defining define VERB eblip-30873 24 19 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 24 20 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 24 21 information information NOUN eblip-30873 24 22 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 24 23 skills skill NOUN eblip-30873 24 24 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 24 25     SPACE eblip-30873 25 1 however however ADV eblip-30873 25 2 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 25 3 the the DET eblip-30873 25 4 study study NOUN eblip-30873 25 5 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 25 6 lack lack NOUN eblip-30873 25 7 of of ADP eblip-30873 25 8 transparency transparency NOUN eblip-30873 25 9 regarding regard VERB eblip-30873 25 10 published publish VERB eblip-30873 25 11 literature literature NOUN eblip-30873 25 12 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 25 13 the the DET eblip-30873 25 14 disorganized disorganized ADJ eblip-30873 25 15 discussion discussion NOUN eblip-30873 25 16 leave leave VERB eblip-30873 25 17 the the DET eblip-30873 25 18 cat cat NOUN eblip-30873 25 19 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 25 20 questions question NOUN eblip-30873 25 21 about about ADP eblip-30873 25 22 analysis analysis NOUN eblip-30873 25 23 methods method NOUN eblip-30873 25 24 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 25 25 reasoning reasoning NOUN eblip-30873 25 26 unfulfilled unfulfilled ADJ eblip-30873 25 27 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 26 1 readers reader NOUN eblip-30873 26 2 are be AUX eblip-30873 26 3 given give VERB eblip-30873 26 4 few few ADJ eblip-30873 26 5 details detail NOUN eblip-30873 26 6 about about ADP eblip-30873 26 7 how how SCONJ eblip-30873 26 8 the the DET eblip-30873 26 9 “ " PUNCT eblip-30873 26 10 meticulous meticulous ADJ eblip-30873 26 11 qualitative qualitative ADJ eblip-30873 26 12 analysis analysis NOUN eblip-30873 26 13 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 26 14 meeting meet VERB eblip-30873 26 15 stringent stringent ADJ eblip-30873 26 16 criteria criterion NOUN eblip-30873 26 17 ” " PUNCT eblip-30873 26 18 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 26 19 p. p. NOUN eblip-30873 26 20 39 39 NUM eblip-30873 26 21 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 26 22 was be AUX eblip-30873 26 23 carried carry VERB eblip-30873 26 24 out out ADP eblip-30873 26 25 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 26 26 only only ADV eblip-30873 26 27 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 26 28 it it PRON eblip-30873 26 29 was be AUX eblip-30873 26 30 “ " PUNCT eblip-30873 26 31 inductive inductive ADJ eblip-30873 26 32 ” " PUNCT eblip-30873 26 33 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 26 34 p. p. NOUN eblip-30873 26 35 32 32 NUM eblip-30873 26 36 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 26 37 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 26 38 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 26 39 searches search NOUN eblip-30873 26 40 were be AUX eblip-30873 26 41 conducted conduct VERB eblip-30873 26 42 solely solely ADV eblip-30873 26 43 through through ADP eblip-30873 26 44 google google PROPN eblip-30873 26 45 scholar scholar NOUN eblip-30873 26 46 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 27 1 neither neither PRON eblip-30873 27 2 reasoning reasoning NOUN eblip-30873 27 3 nor nor CCONJ eblip-30873 27 4 definitions definition NOUN eblip-30873 27 5 are be AUX eblip-30873 27 6 given give VERB eblip-30873 27 7 for for ADP eblip-30873 27 8 the the DET eblip-30873 27 9 categorization categorization NOUN eblip-30873 27 10 used use VERB eblip-30873 27 11 in in ADP eblip-30873 27 12 the the DET eblip-30873 27 13 literature literature NOUN eblip-30873 27 14 review review PROPN eblip-30873 27 15 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 28 1 the the DET eblip-30873 28 2 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 28 3 claim claim VERB eblip-30873 28 4 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 28 5 the the DET eblip-30873 28 6 review review NOUN eblip-30873 28 7 was be AUX eblip-30873 28 8 systematic systematic ADJ eblip-30873 28 9 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 28 10 p.33 p.33 ADJ eblip-30873 28 11 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 28 12 table table NOUN eblip-30873 28 13 1 1 NUM eblip-30873 28 14 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 28 15 while while SCONJ eblip-30873 28 16 using use VERB eblip-30873 28 17 onwuegbuzie onwuegbuzie NOUN eblip-30873 28 18 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 28 19 frels frel NOUN eblip-30873 28 20 ’ ' PUNCT eblip-30873 28 21 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 28 22 2016 2016 NUM eblip-30873 28 23 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 28 24 guidelines guideline NOUN eblip-30873 28 25 for for ADP eblip-30873 28 26 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ eblip-30873 28 27 reviews review NOUN eblip-30873 28 28 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 28 29 rather rather ADV eblip-30873 28 30 than than ADP eblip-30873 28 31 established establish VERB eblip-30873 28 32 reporting reporting NOUN eblip-30873 28 33 guidelines guideline NOUN eblip-30873 28 34 meant mean VERB eblip-30873 28 35 for for ADP eblip-30873 28 36 systematic systematic ADJ eblip-30873 28 37 reviews review NOUN eblip-30873 28 38 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 29 1 the the DET eblip-30873 29 2 discussion discussion NOUN eblip-30873 29 3 of of ADP eblip-30873 29 4 findings finding NOUN eblip-30873 29 5 is be AUX eblip-30873 29 6 unorganized unorganized ADJ eblip-30873 29 7 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 29 8 does do AUX eblip-30873 29 9 not not PART eblip-30873 29 10 provide provide VERB eblip-30873 29 11 a a DET eblip-30873 29 12 clear clear ADJ eblip-30873 29 13 account account NOUN eblip-30873 29 14 of of ADP eblip-30873 29 15 themes theme NOUN eblip-30873 29 16 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 29 17 complicating complicate VERB eblip-30873 29 18 readers reader NOUN eblip-30873 29 19 ’ ’ PART eblip-30873 29 20 understanding understanding NOUN eblip-30873 29 21 of of ADP eblip-30873 29 22 how how SCONJ eblip-30873 29 23 the the DET eblip-30873 29 24 synthesis synthesis NOUN eblip-30873 29 25 informs inform VERB eblip-30873 29 26 the the DET eblip-30873 29 27 current current ADJ eblip-30873 29 28 study study NOUN eblip-30873 29 29 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 29 30 conclusions conclusion NOUN eblip-30873 29 31 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 29 32     SPACE eblip-30873 30 1 the the DET eblip-30873 30 2 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 30 3 posit posit VERB eblip-30873 30 4 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 30 5 current current ADJ eblip-30873 30 6 information information NOUN eblip-30873 30 7 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 30 8 models model NOUN eblip-30873 30 9 are be AUX eblip-30873 30 10 insufficient insufficient ADJ eblip-30873 30 11 for for ADP eblip-30873 30 12 detecting detect VERB eblip-30873 30 13 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 30 14 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 30 15 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 30 16 because because SCONJ eblip-30873 30 17 they they PRON eblip-30873 30 18 do do AUX eblip-30873 30 19 not not PART eblip-30873 30 20 focus focus VERB eblip-30873 30 21 on on ADP eblip-30873 30 22 evaluation evaluation NOUN eblip-30873 30 23 factors factor NOUN eblip-30873 30 24 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 31 1 however however ADV eblip-30873 31 2 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 31 3 many many ADJ eblip-30873 31 4 information information NOUN eblip-30873 31 5 models model NOUN eblip-30873 31 6 include include VERB eblip-30873 31 7 evaluation evaluation NOUN eblip-30873 31 8 components component NOUN eblip-30873 31 9 that that PRON eblip-30873 31 10 are be AUX eblip-30873 31 11 intended intend VERB eblip-30873 31 12 to to PART eblip-30873 31 13 be be AUX eblip-30873 31 14 useful useful ADJ eblip-30873 31 15 for for ADP eblip-30873 31 16 varied varied ADJ eblip-30873 31 17 tasks task NOUN eblip-30873 31 18 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 31 19 sometimes sometimes ADV eblip-30873 31 20 even even ADV eblip-30873 31 21 distinctly distinctly ADV eblip-30873 31 22 addressing address VERB eblip-30873 31 23 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 31 24 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 31 25 cilip cilip NOUN eblip-30873 31 26 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 31 27 2018 2018 NUM eblip-30873 31 28 ; ; PUNCT eblip-30873 31 29 herring herring NOUN eblip-30873 31 30 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 31 31 2004 2004 NUM eblip-30873 31 32 ; ; PUNCT eblip-30873 31 33 sconul sconul NOUN eblip-30873 31 34 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 31 35 2012 2012 NUM eblip-30873 31 36 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 31 37 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 32 1 the the DET eblip-30873 32 2 current current ADJ eblip-30873 32 3 study study NOUN eblip-30873 32 4 does do AUX eblip-30873 32 5 not not PART eblip-30873 32 6 provide provide VERB eblip-30873 32 7 direct direct ADJ eblip-30873 32 8 evidence evidence NOUN eblip-30873 32 9 of of ADP eblip-30873 32 10 existing exist VERB eblip-30873 32 11 models model NOUN eblip-30873 32 12 ’ ' PUNCT eblip-30873 32 13 shortcomings shortcoming NOUN eblip-30873 32 14 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 33 1 furthermore furthermore ADV eblip-30873 33 2 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 33 3 the the DET eblip-30873 33 4 authors author NOUN eblip-30873 33 5 ’ ' PUNCT eblip-30873 33 6 proposed propose VERB eblip-30873 33 7 model model NOUN eblip-30873 33 8 could could AUX eblip-30873 33 9 benefit benefit VERB eblip-30873 33 10 from from ADP eblip-30873 33 11 clearer clear ADJ eblip-30873 33 12 explanations explanation NOUN eblip-30873 33 13 about about ADP eblip-30873 33 14 what what PRON eblip-30873 33 15 users user NOUN eblip-30873 33 16 should should AUX eblip-30873 33 17 comprehend comprehend VERB eblip-30873 33 18 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 33 19 be be AUX eblip-30873 33 20 able able ADJ eblip-30873 33 21 to to PART eblip-30873 33 22 do do VERB eblip-30873 33 23 when when SCONJ eblip-30873 33 24 they they PRON eblip-30873 33 25 encounter encounter VERB eblip-30873 33 26 problematic problematic ADJ eblip-30873 33 27 information information NOUN eblip-30873 33 28 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 33 29     SPACE eblip-30873 34 1 while while SCONJ eblip-30873 34 2 john john PROPN eblip-30873 34 3 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 34 4 tater tater NOUN eblip-30873 34 5 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 34 6 approach approach NOUN eblip-30873 34 7 to to ADP eblip-30873 34 8 the the DET eblip-30873 34 9 information information NOUN eblip-30873 34 10 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 34 11 model model NOUN eblip-30873 34 12 is be AUX eblip-30873 34 13 flawed flawed ADJ eblip-30873 34 14 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 34 15 their their PRON eblip-30873 34 16 presupposition presupposition NOUN eblip-30873 34 17 that that SCONJ eblip-30873 34 18 users user NOUN eblip-30873 34 19 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 34 20 librarians librarian NOUN eblip-30873 34 21 could could AUX eblip-30873 34 22 benefit benefit VERB eblip-30873 34 23 from from ADP eblip-30873 34 24 a a DET eblip-30873 34 25 new new ADJ eblip-30873 34 26 model model NOUN eblip-30873 34 27 that that PRON eblip-30873 34 28 places place VERB eblip-30873 34 29 importance importance NOUN eblip-30873 34 30 on on ADP eblip-30873 34 31 the the DET eblip-30873 34 32 critical critical ADJ eblip-30873 34 33 evaluation evaluation NOUN eblip-30873 34 34 of of ADP eblip-30873 34 35 resources resource NOUN eblip-30873 34 36 in in ADP eblip-30873 34 37 an an DET eblip-30873 34 38 increasingly increasingly ADV eblip-30873 34 39 untrustworthy untrustworthy ADJ eblip-30873 34 40 information information NOUN eblip-30873 34 41 environment environment NOUN eblip-30873 34 42 may may AUX eblip-30873 34 43 still still ADV eblip-30873 34 44 be be AUX eblip-30873 34 45 correct correct ADJ eblip-30873 34 46 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 35 1 a a DET eblip-30873 35 2 practice practice NOUN eblip-30873 35 3 - - PUNCT eblip-30873 35 4 oriented orient VERB eblip-30873 35 5 study study NOUN eblip-30873 35 6 that that PRON eblip-30873 35 7 better well ADV eblip-30873 35 8 delineates delineate VERB eblip-30873 35 9 the the DET eblip-30873 35 10 intellectual intellectual ADJ eblip-30873 35 11 dispositions disposition NOUN eblip-30873 35 12 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 35 13 abilities ability NOUN eblip-30873 35 14 necessary necessary ADJ eblip-30873 35 15 to to ADP eblip-30873 35 16 working work VERB eblip-30873 35 17 with with ADP eblip-30873 35 18 information information NOUN eblip-30873 35 19 in in ADP eblip-30873 35 20 this this DET eblip-30873 35 21 setting setting NOUN eblip-30873 35 22 could could AUX eblip-30873 35 23 yield yield VERB eblip-30873 35 24 a a DET eblip-30873 35 25 timely timely ADJ eblip-30873 35 26 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 35 27 effective effective ADJ eblip-30873 35 28 model model NOUN eblip-30873 35 29 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 36 1 assessing assess VERB eblip-30873 36 2 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 36 3 describing describe VERB eblip-30873 36 4 specific specific ADJ eblip-30873 36 5 shortcomings shortcoming NOUN eblip-30873 36 6 of of ADP eblip-30873 36 7 existing exist VERB eblip-30873 36 8 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 36 9 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 36 10 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 36 11 models model NOUN eblip-30873 36 12 would would AUX eblip-30873 36 13 provide provide VERB eblip-30873 36 14 the the DET eblip-30873 36 15 model model NOUN eblip-30873 36 16 with with ADP eblip-30873 36 17 a a DET eblip-30873 36 18 well well ADV eblip-30873 36 19 - - PUNCT eblip-30873 36 20 researched research VERB eblip-30873 36 21 foundation foundation NOUN eblip-30873 36 22 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 36 23     SPACE eblip-30873 37 1 references reference NOUN eblip-30873 37 2     SPACE eblip-30873 37 3 amriza amriza NOUN eblip-30873 37 4 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 37 5 r. r. PROPN eblip-30873 37 6 n. n. PROPN eblip-30873 37 7 s. s. PROPN eblip-30873 37 8 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 37 9 chou chou NOUN eblip-30873 37 10 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 37 11 t.-c t.-c PROPN eblip-30873 37 12 . . PROPN eblip-30873 37 13 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 37 14 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 37 15 ratnasari ratnasari PROPN eblip-30873 37 16 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 37 17 w. w. PROPN eblip-30873 37 18 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 37 19 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 37 20 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 37 21 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 38 1 understanding understand VERB eblip-30873 38 2 the the DET eblip-30873 38 3 shifting shift VERB eblip-30873 38 4 nature nature NOUN eblip-30873 38 5 of of ADP eblip-30873 38 6 fake fake ADJ eblip-30873 38 7 news news NOUN eblip-30873 38 8 research research NOUN eblip-30873 38 9 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 38 10 consumption consumption NOUN eblip-30873 38 11 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 38 12 dissemination dissemination NOUN eblip-30873 38 13 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 38 14 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 38 15 detection detection NOUN eblip-30873 38 16 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 39 1 journal journal NOUN eblip-30873 39 2 of of ADP eblip-30873 39 3 the the DET eblip-30873 39 4 association association NOUN eblip-30873 39 5 for for ADP eblip-30873 39 6 information information NOUN eblip-30873 39 7 science science NOUN eblip-30873 39 8 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 39 9 technology technology NOUN eblip-30873 39 10 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 39 11 76(6 76(6 NOUN eblip-30873 39 12 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 39 13 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 39 14 896–916 896–916 NUM eblip-30873 39 15 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 40 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24980 https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24980 PROPN eblip-30873 40 2     SPACE eblip-30873 40 3 cilip cilip NOUN eblip-30873 40 4 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 41 1 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 41 2 2018 2018 NUM eblip-30873 41 3 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 41 4 october october PROPN eblip-30873 41 5 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 41 6 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 42 1 cilip cilip NOUN eblip-30873 42 2 definition definition NOUN eblip-30873 42 3 of of ADP eblip-30873 42 4 information information NOUN eblip-30873 42 5 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 42 6 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 43 1 information information NOUN eblip-30873 43 2 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 43 3 group group NOUN eblip-30873 43 4 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 44 1 https://www.cilip.org.uk/news/421972/what-is-information-literacy.htm https://www.cilip.org.uk/news/421972/what-is-information-literacy.htm X eblip-30873 44 2     SPACE eblip-30873 44 3 herring herring NOUN eblip-30873 44 4 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 44 5 j. j. PROPN eblip-30873 44 6 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 44 7 2004 2004 NUM eblip-30873 44 8 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 44 9 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 45 1 james james PROPN eblip-30873 45 2 herring herring PROPN eblip-30873 45 3 ’s ’s PART eblip-30873 45 4 plus plus CCONJ eblip-30873 45 5 model model NOUN eblip-30873 45 6 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 46 1 internet internet NOUN eblip-30873 46 2 special special ADJ eblip-30873 46 3 projects project NOUN eblip-30873 46 4 group group NOUN eblip-30873 46 5 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 47 1 https://farrer.csu.edu.au/plus/ https://farrer.csu.edu.au/plus/ PROPN eblip-30873 47 2     SPACE eblip-30873 47 3 john john PROPN eblip-30873 47 4 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 47 5 k. k. PROPN eblip-30873 47 6 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 47 7 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 47 8 tater tater PROPN eblip-30873 47 9 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 47 10 b. b. PROPN eblip-30873 47 11 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 47 12 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 47 13 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 47 14 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 48 1 reframing reframe VERB eblip-30873 48 2 the the DET eblip-30873 48 3 information information NOUN eblip-30873 48 4 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 48 5 framework framework NOUN eblip-30873 48 6 to to PART eblip-30873 48 7 identify identify VERB eblip-30873 48 8 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 48 9 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 48 10 disinformation disinformation NOUN eblip-30873 48 11 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 49 1 the the DET eblip-30873 49 2 serials serial NOUN eblip-30873 49 3 librarian librarian NOUN eblip-30873 49 4 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 49 5 86(1–2 86(1–2 PROPN eblip-30873 49 6 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 49 7 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 49 8 29–55 29–55 NUM eblip-30873 49 9 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 50 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526x.2025.2459765 https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526x.2025.2459765 VERB eblip-30873 50 2     SPACE eblip-30873 50 3 onwuegbuzie onwuegbuzie ADJ eblip-30873 50 4 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 50 5 a. a. PROPN eblip-30873 50 6 j. j. PROPN eblip-30873 50 7 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 50 8 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 50 9 frels frels PROPN eblip-30873 50 10 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 50 11 r. r. PROPN eblip-30873 50 12 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 50 13 2016 2016 NUM eblip-30873 50 14 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 50 15 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 51 1 7 7 NUM eblip-30873 51 2 steps step NOUN eblip-30873 51 3 to to ADP eblip-30873 51 4 a a DET eblip-30873 51 5 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ eblip-30873 51 6 literature literature NOUN eblip-30873 51 7 review review PROPN eblip-30873 51 8 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 51 9 a a DET eblip-30873 51 10 multimodal multimodal NOUN eblip-30873 51 11 and and CCONJ eblip-30873 51 12 cultural cultural ADJ eblip-30873 51 13 approach approach NOUN eblip-30873 51 14 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 52 1 sage sage NOUN eblip-30873 52 2 publications publications PROPN eblip-30873 52 3 ltd ltd PROPN eblip-30873 52 4 . . PROPN eblip-30873 52 5     SPACE eblip-30873 52 6 perryman perryman PROPN eblip-30873 52 7 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 52 8 c. c. PROPN eblip-30873 52 9 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 52 10 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 52 11 rathbun rathbun PROPN eblip-30873 52 12 - - PUNCT eblip-30873 52 13 grubb grubb PROPN eblip-30873 52 14 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 52 15 s. s. PROPN eblip-30873 52 16 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 52 17 2014 2014 NUM eblip-30873 52 18 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 52 19 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 53 1 the the DET eblip-30873 53 2 cat cat NOUN eblip-30873 53 3 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 53 4 a a DET eblip-30873 53 5 generic generic ADJ eblip-30873 53 6 critical critical ADJ eblip-30873 53 7 appraisal appraisal NOUN eblip-30873 53 8 tool tool NOUN eblip-30873 53 9 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 54 1 https://form.jotform.us/42065968239162 https://form.jotform.us/42065968239162 NOUN eblip-30873 54 2     SPACE eblip-30873 54 3 sconul sconul NOUN eblip-30873 54 4 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 55 1 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 55 2 2012 2012 NUM eblip-30873 55 3 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 55 4 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 56 1 sconul sconul NOUN eblip-30873 57 1 | | ADV eblip-30873 57 2 seven seven NUM eblip-30873 57 3 pillars pillar NOUN eblip-30873 57 4 of of ADP eblip-30873 57 5 information information NOUN eblip-30873 57 6 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 57 7 through through ADP eblip-30873 57 8 a a DET eblip-30873 57 9 digital digital ADJ eblip-30873 57 10 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 57 11 lens len NOUN eblip-30873 57 12 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 58 1 https://www.sconul.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/library-structures-and-strategies/resources-and-links/ https://www.sconul.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/library-structures-and-strategies/resources-and-links/ NOUN eblip-30873 58 2     SPACE eblip-30873 58 3 willenborg willenborg NOUN eblip-30873 58 4 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 58 5 a. a. NOUN eblip-30873 58 6 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 58 7 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 58 8 detmering detmering NOUN eblip-30873 58 9 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 58 10 r. r. PROPN eblip-30873 58 11 ( ( PUNCT eblip-30873 58 12 2025 2025 NUM eblip-30873 58 13 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 58 14 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 59 1 “ " PUNCT eblip-30873 59 2 i i PRON eblip-30873 59 3 do do AUX eblip-30873 59 4 n’t not PART eblip-30873 59 5 think think VERB eblip-30873 59 6 librarians librarian NOUN eblip-30873 59 7 can can AUX eblip-30873 59 8 save save VERB eblip-30873 59 9 us we PRON eblip-30873 59 10 ” " PUNCT eblip-30873 59 11 : : PUNCT eblip-30873 59 12 the the DET eblip-30873 59 13 material material NOUN eblip-30873 59 14 conditions condition NOUN eblip-30873 59 15 of of ADP eblip-30873 59 16 information information NOUN eblip-30873 59 17 literacy literacy NOUN eblip-30873 59 18 instruction instruction NOUN eblip-30873 59 19 in in ADP eblip-30873 59 20 the the DET eblip-30873 59 21 misinformation misinformation NOUN eblip-30873 59 22 age age NOUN eblip-30873 59 23 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 60 1 college college PROPN eblip-30873 60 2 & & CCONJ eblip-30873 60 3 research research PROPN eblip-30873 60 4 libraries library NOUN eblip-30873 60 5 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 60 6 86(4 86(4 NUM eblip-30873 60 7 ) ) PUNCT eblip-30873 60 8 , , PUNCT eblip-30873 60 9 535–553 535–553 NUM eblip-30873 60 10 . . PUNCT eblip-30873 61 1 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.86.4.535 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.86.4.535 PROPN eblip-30873 61 2     SPACE