[{"id": "expositions-100", "words": "366", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Introduction", "date": "2008", "keywords": "expositions", "summary": "This fall we feature articles and interdisciplinary exchanges on a variety of enduring and controversial topics, ranging from rhetoric to tragedy, from the translation of sacred texts to the use of drugs in education. Devoted to the theme of Enchantment, issue 3.1 will feature several new \u201cNotes, Insights, and flash- es.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-101", "words": "2532", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Socrates on Drugs: The Controversy over Cognitive Enhancement", "date": "2008", "keywords": "drugs; enhancement; kass; knowledge; nature; new; use", "summary": "Nature both opened a \u201cpublic forum\u201d online (see, \u201cWould you boost your brain power?\u201d) and con- ducted an anonymous online survey to determine the prevalence of off-label use of such drugs. would disparities increase?); whether there would be coercive pressure to use such drugs\u2014and have our children use such drugs\u2014should \u201ceveryone\u201d be doing it in the most competitive, high- ly-compensated professions and in the schools that prepare students for these professions;5 whether the use of such drugs is in fact unprecedented (think of coffee, tea, and nicotine), or in other words \u201conly\u201d different in degree rather than kind from the consumption of more familiar substances;6 and finally whether pharmacological enhancements are different in a morally significant way from more mundane forms of \u201clife enhancers\u201d that some people have the fortune to benefit from (like tutors or test-preparation courses).7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-102", "words": "3152", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Framing Pains, Pills, and Professors", "date": "2008", "keywords": "academics; childbirth; frame; good; pain; practice; professors; use", "summary": "In thinking through concerns around treating psychological pain, it is use- ful to review how medical developments historically dealt with the treatment of physical pain. Uncertainties about how to treat physical pain appropriately are similar to uncertainties about how to treat psychological pain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-103", "words": "1949", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "Adjusting the Body-Clock: Archaic Aspirations and Contemporary Chemicals", "date": "2008", "keywords": "d\u00f4gen; sleep; smith; time", "summary": "Time conceived of as flying away from me is time portrayed as separate from and even indifferent to me. A better and more voli- tional control of our sleep is assumed to be another way in which we, aided by biochemistry, will be better able to control time\u2014at least, the time of our lives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-104", "words": "1604", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Enhancement and Cheating", "date": "2008", "keywords": "enhancement; qualifications; students", "summary": "ought we still to be worried about the fairness of cognitive enhancement? cognitive enhancement could help prevent such lapses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-105", "words": "2310", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Enhancing Me, Enhancing You: Academic Enhancement as a Moral Duty", "date": "2008", "keywords": "academics; enhancement; enhancing; sport; use", "summary": "Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i2.157 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Enhancing Me, Enhancing You: Academic Enhancement as a Moral Duty MUIrEANN QUIgLEy Centre for Social Ethics and Policy and Institute for Science, Ethics, and Innovation School of Law, University of Manchester Introduction Enhancements come in many shapes and forms: physical enhancements, cognitive enhancements, emotional enhancements, and, there is even a new kid on the block, moral enhancements (see Persson and Savulescu 2008; Douglas 2008). It is, however, the issue of cognitive enhancement that really gets the debate going.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-106", "words": "11521", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Preliminary Reflections on the Rhetoric of Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric", "date": "2008", "keywords": "aristotle; case; chapter; endoxa; equinox; ltd; politics; press; princeton; publishing; rhetoric; rhetorician; university", "summary": "Nevertheless, we can suggest that if Aristotelian dialectics resembles Socratic dialectics, then one prominent theme of this method of investigation will be the \u201cethical virtues,\u201d or the \u201cwhatness\u201d of justice and nobility (Aristotle Metaphysics 1078b18\u201330); and it is precisely the articula- tion of these ethical-political endoxa that form the bulk of Books 1 and 2 of the Rhetoric. [Expositions 2.2 (2008) 163\u2013188] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i2.163 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Preliminary Reflections on the Rhetoric of Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric1 BryAN-PAUL FroSt Department of Political Science University of Louisiana at Lafayette Perhaps the first question anyone would ask when reading a book whose theme is rhetoric is the following: What sort of rhetoric is the author going to employ in this work?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-107", "words": "10872", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Grasping the \u201cRaw I\u201d: Race and Tragedy in Philip Roth\u2019s The Human Stain", "date": "2008", "keywords": "coleman; equinox; fact; hegel; injustice; life; ltd; publishing; roles; roth; self; society; tragedy", "summary": "Comparing Coleman\u2019s intolerance of the \u201cbig they\u201d and the \u201clittle we\u201d to Walt\u2019s willingness to fight one in the name of the other, Roth\u2019s narrator Zuckerman offers only their respective identities as explana- tion: \u201cWalt was Walt, vigorously Walt, and Coleman was vigorously not\u201d (Roth 2000, 105). But Cole- man\u2019s success is at the price of a betrayal of self and family: Coleman is black, but light-skinned enough to \u201cpass\u201d and so to take advantage of the upward mobility offered to white men of his generation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-108", "words": "4221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "Robert Alter and the Resistance to Theory", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alter; david; genesis; narrative; samuel; saul; story; text; theory", "summary": "Going through his annotations to one of my favorite episodes in Genesis, cain\u2019s slaying of his brother Abel, the only verse Alter skips over where I tend to pause is 4:13, where cain\u2019s reply to the LORD\u2019s judgment, \u201cgadol \u2018avoni minso\u2019 \u201d can mean either that cain\u2019s \u201csin\u201d or his \u201cpunishment\u201d is greater than 214 Robert Alter and the Resistance to Theory \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. Similarly, in his introduction to his translation and commentary on the Book of Samuel, Alter contends that \u201cmuch of the richness and complexity 216 Robert Alter and the Resistance to Theory \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008 of the story is lost by those who imagine this book as a stringing together of virtually independent sources\u201d (The David Story x).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-109", "words": "3412", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Writing Bible: Robert Alter\u2019s David Story", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alter; david; david story; narrative; story; text", "summary": "Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i2.223 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Writing Bible: Robert Alter\u2019s David Story ELSIE StErN Reconstructionist Rabbinical College For more than twenty years, robert Alter has been making a case for the validity and value of reading the Bible as literature. Alter\u2019s choice of parameters is one of the strongest strategies for creating a coherent David Story.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1090", "words": "4129", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "none", "title": "Interview: Jonathan Lear, The University of Chicago", "date": "2012", "keywords": "irony; kierkegaard; lear; pichanick", "summary": "And as I read some of the later work, especially pseudonymous works by Johannes Climacus, I realized that Climacus was very critical of his own work on irony, the original book, The Concept of Irony,1 so I also realized that if you read contemporary lit on Socrates and irony they would all refer to passages in [The Concept of] Irony and there were no references to the thought Interview: Jonathan Lear 2 that Kierkegaard had gone on to reject in significant ways that early work of his. Drawing on his studies of Socrates, Kierkegaard, and psychoanalysis, Lear provides a compelling account for us to rethink irony today and commit ourselves to a different understanding of it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1091", "words": "536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "none", "title": "1. Introduction to the Roundtable: Holmes Rolston III\u2019s A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth", "date": "2012", "keywords": "rolston", "summary": "The pieces collected here stand, no doubt, as just one of the first of many thoughtful conversations that A New Environmental Ethics will inspire, and they are offered in the same spirit that one finds in Rolston\u2019s own works: that of passionate, reflective and critical engagement with the question of how best to live a meaningful human life on a valuable planet Earth. One thing that the contributors to this roundtable discussion have in common \u2013 Marion Hourdequin (Colorado College), Nicole Klenk (University of New Brunswick), and myself (University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point) \u2013 is that we are all from a generation of environmental thinkers that has always been able to look to the pioneering work that Rolston did long before we came on the scene.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1092", "words": "3687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "2. Comments on A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ethics; nature; new; restoration; rolston; value; world", "summary": "So while he acknowledges that a disturbed site has experienced a disruption or discontinuity that cannot be undone, Rolston wants us to recognize that there are other aspects of natural value that can return: a restored site can again be natural and wild, in the sense that natural processes can return as can significant freedom from human control. Elliot highlights the free play of natural processes as a source of natural value, and argues that restored sites lack that value: they are inevitably diminished in relation to their undisturbed counterparts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1093", "words": "4369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "3. Interpretive Skills for Environmental Ethics", "date": "2012", "keywords": "earth; ethics; evolution; hypersea; life; moral; narrative; new; rolston", "summary": "But the choice of which ecological narrative to use to structure a new environmental ethics remains an outstanding issue. With no final arbiter on this question, readers might wonder if it makes sense to use ecological narratives to structure a new environmental ethics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1094", "words": "5972", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "4. Unnaturally Cruel: Rolston on Animals, Ethics, and the Factory Farm", "date": "2012", "keywords": "agricultural; animals; ethics; nature; pain; predation; rolston; suffering; wild", "summary": "Of course, Rolston is well aware that, of the reasons he advances for accepting the suffering of wild animals, one has little if any relevance to a discussion of agricultural animals. Expressed in terms closer to Rolston\u2019s, we could just say that our commentary thus far shows that even if wild animals ought only to be spared unnatural suffering, we still have every reason to posit that domesticated agricultural animals ought to be spared highly artificial forms of suffering that only very loosely conform to some presumably natural or ecological pattern.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1095", "words": "2244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Bryant, Levi R. The Democracy of Objects. Ann Arbor: Open Humanities Press, 2011. 326 pp, pb $23.99. ISBN: 978\u20131\u201360785\u2013204\u20139.", "date": "2012", "keywords": "book; bryant; objects; relations", "summary": "In order to reformulate this notion of what (and how) objects are, Bryant draws on the work of Roy Bhaskar, who argues that objects must exist independently of their relations with other objects if they are able to produce the effects that scientific inquiry does, in fact, observe (68). Bryant calls this independence of the object (qua substance) from its relations (i.e., its attributes) \u201cwithdrawal\u201d: objects relate to other objects insofar as they have attributes or qualities, but at the same time they always withdraw from their relations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1096", "words": "1414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "none", "title": "Barnes, Julian. The Sense of an Ending. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. 163 pp, E-book, $11.99, eISBN: 978\u20130\u2013307\u201395733\u20137.", "date": "2012", "keywords": "barnes; ending; tony", "summary": "Tony Webster is our narrator, a likable and unreliable narrator, a British man who came of age in the 1960s, read History at Bristol, married, had a child, divorced, and now finds himself in his later years reflecting on where and who he has been. Tony Webster experiences his own memory erasures, most notably when courting his wife.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-110", "words": "3191", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "none", "title": "Robert Alter and the Art of Bible Translation", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alter; english; god; hebrew; text; translation", "summary": "In one passage, he characterizes his work as \u201can experiment in re-presenting the Bible\u2014and, above all, biblical narrative prose\u2014in a language that conveys with some precision the semantic nuances and the lively orchestration of literary effects of the Hebrew and at the same time has stylistic and rhythmic integrity as literary English\u201d (Alter 2004, xvi). Alter has long demonstrated that he is a perceptive reader of the Hebrew text, and his explanatory notes are often illuminating in their discussion of the text\u2019s rhetoric, style, and tone.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-111", "words": "4661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Translating the Bible: A New Approach to an Old Task", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alter; approach; bible; english; hebrew; text; translation", "summary": "Alter also speaks in stringent terms of the use of lexical variation in Bible translation. I believe that Alter is too insistent on a literal approach to Bible translation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1177", "words": "715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Preface", "date": "2012", "keywords": "expositions; issue; work", "summary": "Posing and answering such questions was always part of Expositions. Should scholarship focus more on contemporary problems than on antiquated questions?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1181", "words": "911", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "1. Introduction to the Symposium: The Search for the Spiritual in Saul Bellow", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bellow; spiritual", "summary": "Rather than deriding the modern world or celebrating its fragmentation and disorder, Bellow writes about the comedy inherent in life and the possible paths of spiritual fulfillment. This roundtable explores this theme of faith and spiritual fulfillment in Bellow\u2019s own life and works.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1182", "words": "3761", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "2. Bellow\u2019s Spiritual Quest", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bellow; cronin; death; jewish; language; life; new; saul; university", "summary": "[Expositions 6.1 (2012) 43\u201351] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Bellow\u2019s Spiritual Quest GLORIA L. CRONIN Brigham Young University \u201cThe Truth, whatever it is, is strange\u201d \u2013Saul Bellow All of his life Bellow sought the \u201cstrange truth\u201d of what might lie behind the appearances of life. Saul Bellow Journal 23:1\u20132 (Winter), 95\u2013116.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1183", "words": "3256", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "none", "title": "3. The Search to Be Human in Dangling Man", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bellow; human; joseph; life; novel; reason", "summary": "1747\u20135376 The Search to Be Human in Dangling Man LEE TREPANIER Saginaw Valley State University Bellow\u2019s first novel, Dangling Man (1944), is about a man named Joseph who does not know how to integrate himself in American life without losing the spiritual value of his isolation from society. At the end of the novel, Joseph admits to himself that he has failed to use his freedom, his gift of existence, and that his self- The Search to Be Human in Dangling Man 54 identity has become increasingly fractured as his reason is unable to find ultimate meaning to what it means to be \u201chuman.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1184", "words": "4558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "4. Society, the Self, and Spirituality in Herzog", "date": "2012", "keywords": "culture; herzog; language; life; man; people; self; soul", "summary": "Finding meaning, Herzog realizes, comes from finding his place in God\u2019s plan, which inherently supplies that meaning: A man doesn\u2019t need happiness for himself [\u2026] provided there is something great, something into which his being, and all beings, can go. 3 Thus, as Herzog notes, \u201c[his] generation thinks \u2013 and this is its thought of thoughts \u2013 that nothing faithful, vulnerable, fragile can be durable or have any true power\u201d (353).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1185", "words": "6182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "5. Bellow, Kierkegaard, and American Estheticism", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bellow; elya; existence; god; human; kierkegaard; life; sammler; self", "summary": "Bellow\u2019s existentialism follows Kierkegaard, whose concepts I use in my examination because Sammler refers to them explicitly, in suggesting that the defining task of human life was to become a \u201ctrue\u201d or \u201cauthentic\u201d self: a self that is passionately oriented toward and formed in light of an encounter with the source of existence and truth. 2 If human beings are \u201cestablished by another\u201d \u2013 which Kierkegaard (and Mr. Sammler) believed to be the case \u2013 another relation, viz.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1186", "words": "4714", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "6. Immortality in Ravelstein", "date": "2012", "keywords": "chick; longing; novel; plato; ravelstein; socrates; symposium", "summary": "In the novel, Chick, who is the narrator, provides an absurd picture of Ravelstein as a Moses- like lawgiver creating a religion for his students and friends based on the Platonic dialogues. Much of the conversation between Chick and Ravelstein is devoted to the discovery and discussion of Chick\u2019s \u201cparadoxical oddities\u201d (109), \u201cabsurdities,\u201d and his \u201cunaccountable\u201d tastes, whether these are his strange marriages (to both Rosamund and Vela), his proprietary interest in his solitary vacation home, or his \u201cweaknesses, [his] corrupt shameful secrets\u201d and \u201cthought- murders\u201d (95).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1191", "words": "3552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Some Principles at Work in Hesiod\u2019s Theogony", "date": "2012", "keywords": "earth; form; generation; hesiod; names; power", "summary": "So a fourth principle emerges, one that is visible very early \u2013 the principle that generation implies degeneration, that is, it implies the process of growing old and being replaced by succeeding generations, one\u2019s own children in fact. Zeus halts the process of divine generation by swallowing Metis, his first wife, by using her power within him to organize the cosmos, to order it through various dispensations, by assigning prerogatives to the deities under his sway, but he preserves the generative principle by continuing to engage in a series of dynastic \u201cmarriages,\u201d which in various ways produce either deities that do not generate or humans that do but are not a threat to him because they are mortal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-12", "words": "747", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Editor's Preface", "date": "2007", "keywords": "draft.indd; nature; preface", "summary": "[Expositions 1.1 (2007) 001-002] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i1.1 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Editors\u2019 Preface JOHN A. DOODY, KIM PAFFENROTH, AND PETER BUSCH We introduce our new journal assuming two things about the humani- ties: fi rst, that they should be understood less as islands of specializa- tion than as centers of conversation; and second, that they interest us not only as scholars, but also and especially as human beings. What do the humanities reveal about human nature?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-124", "words": "1211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Editor's Preface", "date": "2009", "keywords": "chaplin; enchantment; modern; wetzel", "summary": "What is it that we glimpse in chaplin\u2019s story? can enchantment find a home in modern times? Dawn If we turn to the end of chaplin\u2019s movie hoping to learn the fate of en- chantment in modern times, what we find is deeply ambiguous.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-125", "words": "7304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "If the Good were God: Platonic Meditations on Theism", "date": "2009", "keywords": "equinox; ethics; god; gods; good; murdoch; plato; self; socrates; vision", "summary": "The most apparent conclusion to draw from Plato\u2019s dialogues, however, is that he, like his teacher Socrates, believed in many gods and never singled out a particular one of them to be the sum and substance of all goodness. Keywords: Plato; Socrates; theism; ethics; will; murdoch; Korsgaard Augustine assumed that Plato was a monotheist or at least that Plato\u2019s philosophy required monotheism as its working presupposition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-126", "words": "7159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Pater's Portraits: The Aesthetic Hero in 1890 (Part II)", "date": "2009", "keywords": "beauty; equinox; hero; like; ltd; matter; monsman; pater; portraits; publishing; renaissance; spirit; tibalt; world", "summary": "After the death of Pater in 1894, both C.L. Shadwell and Edmund Gosse prepared a number of his important remaining manuscripts for posthumous publication; but when Macmillan suggested publish- ing still other manuscripts, Clara Pater, her brother\u2019s administrator, declined because she felt the remainder not sufficiently finished and did not wish \u201cthat any work of his should appear in a form less complete than he would himself have approved\u201d (1896, vii). In conjunction with Walter Pater\u2019s unfinished manuscript, \u201cGaudioso, the Second,\u201d recently published in Expositions (Monsman 2008), a sec- ond manuscript fragment from among Pater\u2019s papers is now also printed here for the first time: \u201cTibalt the Albigense\u201d (circa 1890).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-127", "words": "5548", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "none", "title": "Santo, santo, santo: Dante\u2019s Union of Prophet and Theophany in Paradiso 26", "date": "2009", "keywords": "body; christ; dante; garden; god; holy; http://dante.dartmouth.edu/; isaiah; john; love; paradiso; prophet; sanctus; santo; theophany", "summary": "According to the general con- sensus among Dante scholars, these words allude to the biblical and liturgical phrase, Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, an incipit that also occurs in the Biblical books of Isaiah and the Apocalypse; in each of the latter, the Sanctus marks a theophany. While it is obvious that the \u201ceternal Gardener\u201d [l\u2019ortolano etterno] is God, Dante scholars still debate the nature of the garden and the leaves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-128", "words": "5939", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "none", "title": "What Has Mozart to Do with Coltrane?: The Dynamism and Built-in Flexibility of Music", "date": "2009", "keywords": "benson; composition; improvisation; jazz; music; performance; piece; work", "summary": "Authorship indeed \u201cbecomes more complex\u201d since the performer not only participates as co-author of the piece, but the piece itself and the traditions from which it came re-author and hence change the performer.4 Here, it is not difficult to see parallels between musical pieces and written texts and musical performers and textual interpreters. From this perspective, musical works are more prop- erly understood as dynamic rather than static, finished products.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-129", "words": "1181", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "none", "title": "An Analysis of Augustine's Argument in Confessions That Evil Does Not Exist", "date": "2009", "keywords": "good; things", "summary": "73\u201396] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v3i1.73 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Notes, INsIghts aNd Flashes An Analysis of Augustine\u2019s Argument in Confessions That Evil Does Not Exist BErNArd G. PrUSAk Villanova University bernard.g.prusak@villanova.edu For Augustine, following Genesis, it is a bedrock belief that creation is good. But it immediately gives rise to what is perhaps the Augustinian problem, namely, the problem of evil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-13", "words": "4733", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "The Tension of the Perennial, Traditional and Historical in John Stuart Mill\u2019s On Liberty", "date": "2007", "keywords": "liberty; mill; perennial; society; thought; time; tradition", "summary": "Th e Tension of the Perennial, Traditional and Historical in Mill\u2019s On Liberty \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. [Expositions 1.1 (2007) 003\u2013014] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i1.3 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Th e Tension of the Perennial, Traditional and Historical in John Stuart Mill\u2019s On Liberty TIMOTHY FULLER Colorado College Refl ection on teaching courses in the Western tradition over many years leads the author to identify some unavoidable fundamental questions, among them: What does one mean by \u201ctradition\u201d?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-130", "words": "6301", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "B.G. Prusak\u2019s \u201cAn Analysis of Augustine\u2019s Argument in Confessions That Evil Does Not Exist\u201d: A Response", "date": "2009", "keywords": "argument; augustine; equinox; evil; god; good; ltd; nature; prusak; publishing", "summary": "Chronologically speaking, there are at least four significant portions of his oeuvre that predate the Confessions; likewise, there are numerous germane passages in compositions from the last two decades of his life that emerged as he battled the implica- tions that he understood to be latent within the Pelagians\u2019 teachings.13 These \u201canti-Pelagian\u201d texts should in no wise be regarded as accidental or as texts Augustine included in these works \u201cin passing.\u201d While I am more than comfortable with any view that asserts that this is a fundamental \u201caugustinian\u201d or, more accurately, a fundamental Judeo-Christian belief, it would be more accurate and, in fact, more helpful for the issue at hand, to say that the existence of a single, immutable, incorruptible, and good God is the Augustinian belief.1 Pushing the discussion back this one step\u2014since it obviously remains an essential, if only secondary, \u201caugustinian\u201d belief that the one God who possesses the aforementioned attributes is the One who is solely and uniquely responsible for the good creation\u2014is necessary because it more accurately frames the discussion in its proper theologi- cal and metaphysical terms.2 Along these same lines, allow me to note at the outset that any reader of the Confessions or, indeed, of (most of ) what posterity has preserved from Augustine, does well to keep \u201con the table\u201d at all times the impact that the Manichaeans and their (largely) Gnostic and thoroughly dualist creation mythology had upon Augus- tine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-131", "words": "1022", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "A Reply to My Critic", "date": "2009", "keywords": "argument; augustine", "summary": "I acknowledge: 1) that what is at question is, put precisely, whether evil has independent or metaphysical existence; 2) that Augustine\u2019s argument is traditional, with antecedents in Platonic thought; 3) that Augustine elaborates much the same argument elsewhere in his \u0153uvre; 4) that Augustine appeals to revelation in the course of his argument; and 5) that rejecting the privation theory of evil raises big questions. \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 A Reply to My Critic BErNArd G. PrUSAk Villanova University bernard.g.prusak@villanova.edu Jonathan Yates\u2019s response to my analysis of Augustine\u2019s argument is a pleasure to read; I am tickled that my little analysis\u2014composed to make sense for myself of a text that many of us at Villanova regularly teach to undergraduates\u2014has elicited a response of such impressive historical and theological learning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-132", "words": "3207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "On Charles Taylor, A Secular Age - Secularism\u2019s Fragile Buffered Selves", "date": "2009", "keywords": "account; enlightenment; god; life; religion; society; taylor", "summary": "97\u2013114] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v3i1.97 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Academic Roundtable On Charles Taylor, A Secular Age Taylor, Charles. Taylor con- vincingly argues that disenchantment, \u201cReform,\u201d the personalization of faith, and an appreciation of the natural world were all motivated by religious reasons and had some very positive consequences for believ- ers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-133", "words": "3166", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Charles Taylor and the Future of Secularism", "date": "2009", "keywords": "age; belief; god; position; religion; taylor", "summary": "Taylor is prepared to say only this: where there is only immanence, so that \u201cmany people even have trou- ble understanding how a sane person could believe in God,\u201d subse- quent generations will develop \u201ca sense of living in a \u2018waste land,\u2019 \u201d and many young people will begin to explore beyond immanence, perhaps to a state in which they acquire \u201cin some fashion a sense of God.\u201d And the only alternative ontology Taylor acknowl- edges is \u201cbelief in some transcendent source or power\u201d that \u201cfor many people in our Western culture\u201d means \u201cthe choice\u2026whether to believe in God\u201d (600).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-134", "words": "2338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "In and Out of Context", "date": "2009", "keywords": "cambridge; context; hobbes; liberty; skinner; work", "summary": "If the work is one of retrenchment, its methodological decisions re- veal Skinner capable of arraying in different ways to fight recurring battles. Meticulous interrogation, Skinner argues, enables recognition of two features of hobbes\u2019 career denied or underappreciated by existing scholarship: hobbes\u2019 definition of liberty did not remain static throughout his career, and these shifts were driven by hobbes\u2019 desire to respond to the outpouring of works propounding the republican theory of liberty.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-135", "words": "4966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Shakespeare's \"Philosophy\": Looking or Thinking?", "date": "2009", "keywords": "equinox; language; mcginn; nuttall; philosophy; plays; self; shakespeare", "summary": "To these we might add problems from the so-called \u201ccontinental\u201d tradition, systematically ignored by McGinn, but which have been central to Shakespeare critics\u2019 interrogation of the possibility of value-free knowl- edge: the historical situatedness of the observer; his or her formation by ideological and social forces; and the hermeneutic problems of match- ing the reader\u2019s \u201chorizon of expectation\u201d with the \u201cpast significance\u201d of a literary text, on the one hand, and the impossibility of fixing a context absolutely, on the other. For Nuttall, Shakespeare thinks through the embodied interaction of his characters; for McGinn, Shakespeare shapes play and character in order to express an underlying philosophical theme.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-14", "words": "5060", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "none", "title": "Jew, Greek and Christian: Some Reflections on the Pauline Revolution", "date": "2007", "keywords": "brague.indd; culture; equinox; god; greek; law; paul; publishing", "summary": "Th e basic idea is that God does not replace our judgment of the right way to do things. Th e content of this kit is already part of the seven commands given to Noah and the ten given to Moses (Exod. 20.1\u201317).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1452", "words": "4033", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Interview: Alasdair MacIntyre, University of Notre Dame", "date": "2012", "keywords": "alasdair; catholic; god; kavanagh; macintyre; universities; university", "summary": "It is the peculiar task of Catholic universities to show how that understanding will remain inadequate and incomplete without a recognition of the dependence of the created world on God and an acknowledgment of God\u2019s self-revelation to Israel, in Christ, and through the teaching of the Catholic church. It is therefore not difficult to say what Catholic universities have to do, if they are to fulfill their mission.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1453", "words": "400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "1. Introduction to the Roundtable:Daryn Lehoux's \u201cWhat Did the Romans Know? An Inquiry Into Science and Worldmaking\u201d", "date": "2012", "keywords": "lehoux", "summary": "A work in the history and philosophy of science, Lehoux offers a set of historical studies of select Roman scientific problems and texts (by such figures as Cicero, Lucretius, Ptolemy, and Galen) from the first century BCE to the second century CE with the aim of illuminating \u201cthe historical, intellectual, and experiential context of fact-making.\u201d [Expositions 6.2 (2012): 9] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Introduction to the Roundtable: Daryn Lehoux\u2019s \u201cWhat Did the Romans Know?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1454", "words": "2546", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "2. Shaping Worldviews: Contextualizing Roman Science", "date": "2012", "keywords": "lehoux; ptolemy; science; world", "summary": "While the Romans are at the heart of this study, the questions examined by Lehoux extend beyond the geographical and chronological parameters of the book, making it a welcome contribution to the history of science. In addressing the question raised in his title, Lehoux describes the social, political, and religious context in which scientific ideas were developed in the Roman world between the first century BCE and the second century CE.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1455", "words": "4109", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "3. Getting \u201cWrong\u201d Right", "date": "2012", "keywords": "harr\u00e9; laws; lehoux; nature; science; world", "summary": "Indeed, on one way of looking at it, the history of the sciences is virtually a catalogue of different ways of doing it\u2026\u201d (Lehoux 2012, 1) Estrangement of Roman thought, and of ancient science more generally, is a crucial part of Lehoux\u2019s strategy for allowing his reader to see Roman scientific thought through new eyes. In rejecting the received wisdom of a 20th-century philosophy of science which strives at all costs to fit scientific theories into a deductive model, Lehoux\u2019s approach can be constructively juxtaposed with that of Rom Harr\u00e9\u2019s The Principles of Scientific Thinking (1970).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1456", "words": "4809", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "4. What Can We Know of What the Romans Knew?", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ancient; criterion; law; lehoux; nature; ptolemy; reason; truth", "summary": "Truth is a stamp of approval that we give things as a way of saying that they meet certain \u2013 and most rigorous \u2013 criteria\u201d (Lehoux 2012, 237; emphasis Lehoux\u2019s). I would contend that one of the examples Lehoux presents might meet the specificity criterion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1457", "words": "3689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Going Global: Cervantes\u2019 Don Quixote Rides into the Future", "date": "2012", "keywords": "books; cervantes; don; don quixote; new; novel; quixote; sancho; university; world", "summary": "Courses that focus more closely on the Quixote could discuss the reception of the novel across cultures and time periods, for that study reveals much about the audience and circulation of bestsellers, the growth of print technology, translation on a global scale, and the history of ideas, as Don Quixote has garnered new interpretations with the passage of time. Another commonplace with a basis in fact is that every novel composed since Don Quixote engages consciously or unconsciously with Cervantes\u2019 masterpiece in one way or another, and so some professors may choose to address the huge topic of the Quixote\u2019s influence, in courses which might include such varied works as Austen\u2019s Northanger Abbey (1818), Flaubert\u2019s Madame Bovary (1856), Dostoyevsky\u2019s The Idiot (1868-69), Soseki\u2019s Grass Pillow (1906), or more contemporary works like Paul Auster\u2019s City of Glass (1985).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1458", "words": "3220", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "none", "title": "Gregory, Brad S. The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012. 574 pp, hb $39.95. ISBN: 978-0-674-04563-7.", "date": "2012", "keywords": "book; church; gregory; hyperpluralism; life; modernity; press; reformation", "summary": "Gregory\u2019s relatively sympathetic treatment of the intentions of Luther, Calvin, et al. distinguishes his account from the trope employed by Catholic opponents in the first few centuries following the Reformation break, namely, that of ascribing intellectual or moral defects to the Reformers.5 However, the overarching narrative of the book does fit into another well-established, if more generous and modern, category of counter-Reformation critique: the notion that Protestant valorization of private judgment (as regards matters of scriptural interpretation and church doctrine) and predilection towards schism would extend past the inner-ecclesial intentions (however noble) of the reformers, and would in fact come to undermine the common structures of society as a whole. Indeed, the fact that the Reformation was to a certain degree justified is central to Gregory\u2019s argument.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-15", "words": "9814", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Some Aspects of Human Nature As Viewed by Cardinal John Henry Newman", "date": "2007", "keywords": "equinox; god; human; knowledge; ltd; mind; nature; newman; publishing; religion; university", "summary": "Like his favored Alexandrian Fathers of the Church, Newman fi nds not only hints and traces of the divine, but a genuine \u201cdispensation\u201d and revelation manifest in pre- and non-Christian sources. Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i1.29 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Some Aspects of Human Nature As Viewed by Cardinal John Henry Newman M. KATHERINE TILLMAN University of Notre Dame Th e three views of human nature presented in this essay, all John Henry Newman\u2019s, are from the vantage point of natural religion, from that of the liberally educated person, and from that of one imbued with Christian faith and love.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1509", "words": "611", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Preface", "date": "2012", "keywords": "expositions; interdisciplinary", "summary": "Here, in a stimulating and refreshingly direct interview with Alasdair MacIntyre, one can learn that \u201c[i]t is the task of any worthwhile university not just to educate in particular disciplines, but to enable its students to understand how each discipline contributes to an overall understanding of the human condition and so to become reflective.\u201d Needless to say, we are deeply indebted to Alasdair MacIntyre for granting us an interview, and special thanks must be given to Liam Kavanagh for conducting it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1510", "words": "1899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Making the Case For What Matters: The Future of the English Department", "date": "2012", "keywords": "department; discipline; english; humanities; students", "summary": "Donoghue also notes a fundamental tension between teaching and research that pulls at humanities scholars; more so than other fields, the humanities, especially English, is defined in large part by labor-intensive teaching, usually in writing. Media outlets ranging from NPR to the Wall Street Journal to the New York Daily News interrogate the worth of a liberal arts degree on an almost weekly basis, and members of English departments everywhere have wrung their hands in desperation at having to answer for it as they watch the numbers of majors and the size of enrollments Making the Case for What Matters 50 dwindle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1511", "words": "1311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Multiple Choice Questions: Career Opportunities versus Career Tracks", "date": "2012", "keywords": "english; graduate; writing", "summary": "My job description puts me at an interesting crossroads of outreach, teaching, coaching, and programming: I reach out to faculty, I research academic writing, and I work closely with other departments to organize programs for graduate student writers. I provide support for graduate student writers as well as faculty and staff who work with graduate student writers to help these students succeed in their writing projects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1512", "words": "1181", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Future of the English Department", "date": "2012", "keywords": "english; faculty; time", "summary": "Like many English faculty, I currently belong to a department that bears little resemblance to the one that trained me. Whereas research-intensive institutions typically weigh publication records most heavily in their evaluation of faculty productivity, pedagogy and service activities are essential components in faculty evaluation at teaching-intensive colleges and universities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1513", "words": "1447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Searching for Authority", "date": "2012", "keywords": "department; english; literature", "summary": "We specialize in geographical regions because English literature is, still, mostly identified as British and American literature. And we specialize in time periods for the same reason: nobody can read everything, and English departments should be able to teach their students, at a minimum, the history of English language literature from Chaucer to Toni Morrison.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1536", "words": "9512", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "none", "title": "Noble Characters, Hard Truths, and Invincible Whining in the Opening Parts of Portis\u2019 True Grit", "date": "2013", "keywords": "christian; course; death; father; grace; indian; man; mattie; men", "summary": "So we learn that her father Frank was a good man who earned the friendship of other good men. Friends, in each case, served each other quite voluntarily as free men.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1537", "words": "2634", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Ethics Education: More Than a Good Idea?", "date": "2013", "keywords": "education; ethics; good; kohlberg; mearsheimer; virtue", "summary": "15 In light of this conception of morality as developing out of our \u201cstructuring tendencies,\u201d the aim of moral education, Kohlberg claims, \u201cshould be to stimulate people\u2019s thinking ability over time in ways which will enable them to use more adequate and complex reasoning patterns to solve moral problems\u201d 16 : reduced to a catchphrase, \u201cstimulation of movement to the next stage of moral reasoning.\u201d 17 Kohlberg presents some evidence that students at higher stages of moral judgment cheat much less than do students at lower stages, 18 but it is important to understand that, for him, \u201c[s]tructures of moral judgment must be distinguished from the content of moral judgment,\u201d which is to say both that how persons formulate a judgment does not issue in an invariant judgment about what ought to be done (or all the more that they will do it) and that, again in Kohlberg\u2019s words, \u201cthe mere fact that a stage is later does not make it morally better.\u201d 19 Another way to put this point is to say that, even as a person grows able \u201cto use more adequate and complex reasoning patterns to solve moral problems,\u201d whether he or she will in fact come to the correct solution of a problem is a further question. Instead, how we think about these questions bears concretely on the business of colleges and universities in our world today: more precisely, on what ethics courses at these levels should look like and aim for; on whether they have any place at all in college or core curricula; and on whether it is legitimate or even sensible for colleges to include character formation or, more modestly, increased facility in \u201cmoral reasoning\u201d among the aims of liberal education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1538", "words": "4966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Learning from the Labs: Reimagining Ethics Instruction", "date": "2013", "keywords": "approach; ethics; learning; reasoning; science; students; teaching; theory", "summary": "Margaret Urban Walker calls this approach a theoretical-juridical model, which she describes in this way: \u201cThe regnant type of moral theory in contemporary ethics is a codifiable (and usually compact) set of moral formulas (or procedures for selecting formulas) that can be applied by any agent to a situation to yield a justified and determinate action-guiding judgment.\u201d But it is just as striking to observe the paucity of studies and assessment done of traditional ethics courses and their outcomes, including not only student knowledge of ethical theories, but also, more important, how students think about actual choices they encounter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1539", "words": "4481", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Mearsheimer\u2019s Mistakes: Why Colleges Should (and Inevitably Do) Provide Moral Guidance", "date": "2013", "keywords": "college; ethics; fish; mearsheimer; professors; students; teaching; values", "summary": "College students are older and have less plastic characters; there is more emphasis in college on intellectual and career training and less on social adjustment; and as Mearsheimer notes, there is a greater stress on teaching students \u201chow to think,\u201d as opposed to \u201cwhat to think.\u201d At a minimum, as we have seen, such values include (a) academic success virtues such as accuracy, hard work, and honesty and (b) student handbook values such as respect for privacy and responsible use of information technology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1541", "words": "5703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "none", "title": "What\u2019s the Purpose of Ethics Education?", "date": "2013", "keywords": "education; ethics; knowledge; people; reasons; rules; student", "summary": "RONALD DUSKA Business Ethics Zone Consulting The purpose or aim of ethics education seems simple. However, we might ask whether ethics education can achieve this goal of improving behavior.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1542", "words": "6141", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "none", "title": "The Virtue of Teaching Theological Ethics", "date": "2013", "keywords": "catholic; christian; ethics; god; good; john; paul; truth", "summary": "In this essay, I propose that there is a certain \u201cdoing\u201d of Christian ethics\u2014a praxis\u2014that is essential to grasping the substance of Christian ethics. Indeed, I will argue that the theological good that grounds Christian ethics necessarily transports the student beyond a narrow view of self and world to become amazed by the mystery of human existence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1543", "words": "3909", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "none", "title": "Why Teach Moral Development?", "date": "2013", "keywords": "class; development; education; ideas; students; teaching", "summary": "I think moral education helps us to realize our power and be aware of how what we do really does matter to a grander scale. If it is delivered to students in a lecture format, it cannot teach virtue or moral reasoning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1544", "words": "6372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Educating for Ethical Engagement: Teaching Ethics to Graduate and Professional Students", "date": "2013", "keywords": "curriculum; education; ethics; graduate; health; journal; medical; medicine; professional; research; students; teaching", "summary": "In this essay, I will describe the goals of ethics education for two main categories of post- baccalaureate students: graduate students and professional students. I conclude with a discussion of evaluation and 73 Schonfeld assessment of ethics education for graduate and professional students, and demonstrate how these essential features ultimately cycle back to goal development and curricular design.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1545", "words": "4433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "Tomasi, John. Free Market Fairness. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. Xxvii + 348 $35.00 (cloth). ISBN: 9780691144467.", "date": "2013", "keywords": "fairness; justice; liberty; market; social; society; tomasi", "summary": "The reciprocity principle and the exchange process are commonly referred to as social justice. Social justice provides each citizen an equal and actual, not merely formal, claim to the basket of basic rights that form the fundamental structure of society.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-16", "words": "7112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Question: Are Human Beings Ultimately Affective?", "date": "2007", "keywords": "aff; beings; ective; emotions; human; passions; publishing; question; reason; soul", "summary": "Th e parts of the Platonic soul-structure, its \u201cforms or dispositions\u201d [eide kai ethe], are set out in the Republic (435 d). I cite this\u2014I believe acceptable\u2014translation because it points up what will become the mainstream view: Th e passions or emotions occupy the central location in the constitution of the soul.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-17", "words": "6603", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "none", "title": "Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine", "date": "2007", "keywords": "bible; bloom; christian; christianity; equinox; jesus; new; publishing; work; yahweh", "summary": "In Figures of Bloom: Th e Salt Companion to Harold Bloom, ed. In a new twist, Bloom appears to have become possessed by that evil spirit that has possessed so many humanists of late: the Demon of Political Engagement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1700", "words": "13980", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Ousia Aphanes: Justice and the Market in light of Plato\u2019s Republic, I and II", "date": "2014", "keywords": "allen; authority; coinage; exchange; gift; justice; market; money; order; plato; polis; public; punishment; reciprocity; republic; socrates; value", "summary": "What makes the Greek experience unique is the rapidity of the spread of coinage and the peculiar association between Greek money and Greek civic religion. Like the appetitive soul, Platonic money is the manifestation of need and desire in the city.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1701", "words": "3829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Representations of Multicultural Dance in Photographic Images", "date": "2014", "keywords": "bay; cover; dance; dancers; images; mosaic; multiculturalism; thunder", "summary": "35 Stolar and Sacchetti These compositional elements visually stress the thematic representation of Aboriginal dance in Northern Mosaic. Focusing on the subject matter and compositional elements of dance photographs, we tease out some of the unexpected meanings that surround multiculturalism (see Mirzoeff 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1702", "words": "6203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "none", "title": "Interview: Drucilla Cornell, Rutgers University", "date": "2014", "keywords": "africa; coletti; cornell; people; south; ubuntu; way; work", "summary": "Is that a reaction that you get very often, because when I talk about care ethics with other people, that\u2019s the reaction that I get from them. As this interview indicates, her work has taken a new direction with her discovery of uBuntu, a system of relational ethics practiced in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1704", "words": "1361", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Edward Said and the Culture behind Orientalism", "date": "2014", "keywords": "culture; edward; orientalism; varisco", "summary": "As an intellectual committed to secular humanism and at the same time a relentless critic of the Western colonial enterprise that perpetuated the notion that Western culture was the only vehicle for that humanism, Said wrote with passion about the discourse he labeled \u201cOrientalism.\u201d Microsoft Word - Varisco Said-final [Expositions 7.2 (2013) 52\u201354] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Edward Said and the Culture behind Orientalism DANIEL MARTIN VARISCO Hofstra University A decade after the passing of Edward Said, his legacy lives on.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1705", "words": "3182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Edward Said: a Remembrance and a Tribute", "date": "2014", "keywords": "edward; ethics; intellectual; levinas; orient; orientalism; real", "summary": "By ethics here I do not mean roles of proper private or public conduct but what is defined as the relationship between the self and the other, and the person who among other scholars investigated and theorized this relationship and gave it an extreme form is no one but the Jewish French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas. Later in the interview, Shlomo Malka, the program\u2019s presenter, puts the following question to Levinas: \u201cEmmanuel Levinas, you are the philosopher of the \u2018other.\u2019", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1706", "words": "5527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Re-\u201cart\u201d-iculating Orientalism: Musings on Said and G\u00e9r\u00f4me", "date": "2014", "keywords": "africa; black; empire; figure; g\u00e9r\u00f4me; men; orient; orientalism; power; press; subjects; university; work", "summary": "That artists, such as G\u00e9r\u00f4me, found the African type in the Orient posed another dangerous beauty that has been elided by modern scholars of all persuasions, and that now, as Cohen has argued, challenges \u201cepistemological paradigms,\u201d particularly those which are racially constructed. What does this black man \u2013 his demeanor, even that of his dogs \u2013 say to us of an \u201cOrient\u201d that those like G\u00e9r\u00f4me sought to construct, even \u201ccapture,\u201d yet could not completely control?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1767", "words": "13692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Lorenzo Valla and the Donation of Constantine in Historical Context, 1439\u201340", "date": "2014", "keywords": "alfonso; basel; constantine; council; discourse; donation; emperor; empire; eugenius; frederick; holy; iii; italy; king; lorenzo valla; naples; new; pope; pope eugenius; power; roman; rome; states; time; valla", "summary": "Analyses of Valla and Alfonso V in Giovanni Antonazzi, Lorenzo Valla e la polemica sulla Donazione di Costantino (Rome: Storia e Letteratura, 1985), 49\u201369, 107\u20138, 169; Mario Fois, Il pensiero cristiano di Lorenzo Valla nel quadro storico-culturale del suo ambiente (Rome: Libreria editrice dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 Gregoriana, 1969), chaps. In particular, Valla\u2019s defense, often unstated in the Discourse, for King Alfonso V of Aragon, the nemesis of Eugenius IV, is emphasized.10 At times the references in modern Lorenzo Valla and the Donation of Constantine 2 studies to contemporary events are merely recited, as if the connections with Valla\u2019s comments are self-evident.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1768", "words": "4041", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Madness Defamiliarized: The Value of Poetic Description of Mental Illness", "date": "2014", "keywords": "defamiliarization; depression; experience; illness; language; madness; pain", "summary": "It seems reasonable, then, that most people Madness Defamiliarized 30 who are free from the extremes of mental illness might overestimate their ability to understand madness or sympathize with those who are suffering in its grip. The intent of describing madness in poetic, even bizarre language is not to undermine its severity or trivialize the very unpoetic pain of the sufferer; rather, poetic language can help us see madness where we have overlooked it before; and this goal finds a direct link with Shklovsky\u2019s assertion that \u201cAfter being perceived several times, objects acquire the status of \u2018recognition.\u2019", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1769", "words": "320", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "none", "title": "Introduction to the Roundtable: Big History", "date": "2014", "keywords": "big; history", "summary": "Individual natural scientists and people working in the humanities have been teaching versions of big history for decades, but within the past few years big historians have begun churning out primary, secondary, and post-secondary big history curricula. Big historian David Christian launched the Big History Project (http://www.bighistoryproject.com) with a TED talk (http://www.ted.com/talks/ david_christian_big_history) and big historians Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth opened a long- term museum exhibit entitled \u201cFrom the Big Bang to the World Wide Web\u201d along with an accompanying website (www.bigbangtowww.org).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1770", "words": "1489", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "none", "title": "Big History", "date": "2014", "keywords": "big; christian; consciousness; history", "summary": "Perhaps unknowingly I was practicing big history avant la lettre. Thus the practitioners of big history seemed to be cosmologists rather than historians.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1771", "words": "2699", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Slimmer, Brighter, and Nearly Perfect: The New Big History Textbook Is Here", "date": "2014", "keywords": "big; faculty; history; students; textbook; year", "summary": "The book that triggered such reaction is a seemingly unassuming volume, Big History: Between Nothing and Everything (2013), written by historians David Christian, Cynthia Stokes Brown, and Craig Benjamin, and published by McGraw-Hill. Big history brings together the whole of natural and human history, all 13.8 billion years of it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1772", "words": "11148", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "none", "title": "An Introduction to Big History", "date": "2014", "keywords": "atoms; big; cells; energy; helium; history; hydrogen; life; nature; new; press; protons; quarks; relationships; species; time; universe; way; years; york", "summary": "Helium had virtually no interest in other atoms. It is a wholly other set of problems to stay together for many years to raise children, a problem that hominids did have to figure out if they were to survive.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1773", "words": "6781", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "We Are Stardust \u2026 Concentrated by Earth!", "date": "2014", "keywords": "big; earth; elements; glass; grains; history; iron; oxygen; quartz; rocks; sand; silica; silicon; sio2; stardust; stone; tools; use", "summary": "In this essay, to convey the flavor of Earth history and its relevance to humanity, let me pick up on a point made strongly and correctly by Christian, Brown, and Benjamin\u2014that almost all of the chemical elements important to humans were made in stars. ade all of th as allowed u bilities of th Toth and Ka ge Institute makers and u an Acheulea 5 and half a mans to star y. Stone tool es who were oncentrated by e part of the works of art ing abilities his possible s humans, w e animals w athy Shick, p at Indiana users of ston an hand axe a million yea rt eating ene ls gave us th interested in y Earth! tool makers t as well as p increased to is that some with our blun ith the sharp paleoanthrop University, ne tools, and e, for examp ars ago.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1774", "words": "5288", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "Big History\u2019s Risk and Challenge", "date": "2014", "keywords": "big; complexity; energy; evolution; historians; history; life; science; scientists; systems; time", "summary": "In its broadest sense, cosmic evolution, which includes the subject of big history, comprises a holistic explanatory narrative of countless changes within and among organized systems extending over about fourteen billion years from the big bang to humankind. To most big historians, big history itself is naturally anthropocentric\u2014to them, it\u2019s unapologetically our story.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1775", "words": "1488", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Introduction to the Symposium: Civic Education in the Ancients and America", "date": "2014", "keywords": "cicero; civic; education; good", "summary": "When the conversation turns to civic education today, several questions are immediately raised: What are the conditions for civic education?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1776", "words": "8777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Aristotelian Pluralism and Diversity: The Conditions for Civic Education and the Common Good", "date": "2014", "keywords": "aristotle; citizens; community; education; friendship; good; household; justice; politics; press; university", "summary": "Socratic Education This reliance upon the golden mean for education also explains Aristotle\u2019s criticism of Plato\u2019s Republic where Socrates prescribes a political unity that reduces the polis to the household and, thus, destroys the political community as such (Politics 1261a21\u201322).11 Socrates proposes that all citizens regard one another as siblings by sharing family life and property communally, which, in turn, would reconcile conflicts of interest that destroy political communities (Republic 464a4\u2013 c4). While speaking about how political communities should educate children for its own peculiar ends, Aristotle concludes that \u201cthe best character (ethos) is always a cause of a better political community (politeias)\u201d (Politics 1137a16\u201317).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1777", "words": "11135", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "none", "title": "The Civic Education of Cicero\u2019s Ideal Orator", "date": "2014", "keywords": "antonius; cicero; clodius; crassus; dialogue; education; greek; ideal; knowledge; law; men; orator; people; press; republic; roman; rome; senate; university", "summary": "Likewise, in de Oratore, Crassus implies that contemporary orators lack the legal expertise of their ancestors: there are fewer who know the law and can effectively advise their fellow citizens and more whose ignorance threatens the welfare of others.56 Cicero thus posits a correlation between the decline of legal knowledge and the Republic\u2019s increasing lawlessness. 3.2\u201310).22 Cicero sets his dialogue, a work of historical fiction, on the eve of this crisis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1778", "words": "11207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Cicero and America", "date": "2014", "keywords": "american; cicero; founders; kind; law; legibus; moderation; nature; officiis; press; publica; reason; regime; republic; university; virtue", "summary": "In other words, not only does the book treat the idea of natural law in its theoretical dimension, it is meant to show the fundamental connection of that idea to moral virtue, and thereby to illustrate Cicero\u2019s belief in the unbreakable link between political theory and political practice. Otis was convinced that his brethren across the ocean would eventually see the error of their ways, and so counseled obedience in what he believed would prove to be the interim.36 Eventually, of course, as it became clear there would be no admission of wrongdoing and the situation only continued to deteriorate, obedience to a higher law would trump obedience to the so-called British constitution or British civil law, and the result was the Declaration of Independence.37 It is here that the natural law makes its most obvious, but also most important, appearance: the Declaration\u2019s argument relies explicitly on \u201cthe Laws of Nature and of Nature\u2019s God\u201d as its guiding principle.38 Edward Corwin, in his indispensable little book The \u201cHigher Law\u201d Background of American Constitutional Law (1955), shows that the notion of natural law or a higher law, while it may have entered the American political tradition most directly or explicitly through the writings of John Locke, has deep and important roots in the writings of Cicero.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1779", "words": "3208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "Was Erasmus\u2019s Christian Politics Too Uncompromising?", "date": "2014", "keywords": "christian; ecp; erasmus; jesus; machiavelli; politics; prince; rulers", "summary": "By dismissing \u201cwhatever things the common people shrink from,\u201d Erasmus carves out of a new sphere of appropriate activity for Christian princes. Microsoft Word - haglund-finalrevised.docx [Expositions 8.1 (2014) 168\u2013175] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 \u00a0 Was Erasmus\u2019s Christian Politics Too Uncompromising?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1780", "words": "3137", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Cantor, Paul A. The Invisible Hand in Popular Culture: Liberty vs. Authority in American Film and TV. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. 488 pp. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978-0-813-14082-7.", "date": "2014", "keywords": "american; book; cantor; culture; film; hand; noir; ulmer; work", "summary": "(235\u20137) Later on in the same essay, he turns to how The Black Cat enacts aristocratic continental European anxieties about American culture, and the way that \u201cthe decay of the aristocratic culture of Europe\u201d is seen by Ulmer\u2019s film (and Heidegger) as the inevitable result of democratization. The blandness of the Americans, then, is both their saving graces and \u201cominous [\u2026] on a meta-level in the movie, American pop culture is obliterating European elite culture\u2014 the mass-produced mystery novel is taking the place of the European Gothic tale\u201d (241).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1793", "words": "4227", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "The Ethics of Metaethics: On Thomas Nagel\u2019s Mind and Cosmos", "date": "2015", "keywords": "darwinian; ibid; mind; nagel; new; realism; street", "summary": "Are we really supposed to abandon a massively successful scientific research program because Nagel finds some scientific claims hard to square with what he thinks is obvious and \u201cundeniable,\u201d such as his confidence that his \u201cclearest moral\u2026reasonings are objectively valid\u201d?7 An irony, however, should not go unnoticed.8 Nagel finds materialist naturalism problematic because, among other reasons, he thinks it undermines the distinction between appearances and reality in matters of value: in brief, moral realism. \u201d23 Evaluative truth\u2014on which Street takes a constructivist view24\u2014is understood as \u201ca function of the evaluative attitudes we have\u201d: more fully, a function of these attitudes brought into reflective equilibrium by evaluative judgments drawing on precisely our fund of attitudes shaped by selective pressures.25 Nagel summarizes: \u201cStreet holds that a Darwinian account is strongly supported by contemporary science, so she concludes that moral realism is false.\u201d26", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1794", "words": "6897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "The Peculiar Flavor of Nagel\u2019s Metaethics", "date": "2015", "keywords": "cosmos; ibid; life; lives; mind; nagel; pursuits; realism; value", "summary": "\u201d10 Nagel provides several colorful examples: \u201csomeone gives a complicated speech in support of a motion that has already passed; a notorious criminal is made president of a major philanthropic foundation; you declare your love over the telephone to an answering machine; as you are being knighted, your pants fall down. Nagel\u2019s Philosophy of Philosophizing Throughout his career, Nagel\u2019s thinking has been characterized by the belief that philosophizing is ultimately grounded in, for lack of a better word, a certain choice about how best to respond to various tensions, especially tensions between subjectivity and objectivity, that arise within our lives as reflective creatures.7 Nagel evinces this belief about philosophizing for the first time in \u201cThe Absurd.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1795", "words": "5669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "Explaining Value: Nagel on Normative Realism and the Teleology of Evolution", "date": "2015", "keywords": "explanation; life; nagel; realism; street; understanding; value", "summary": "Nagel on Normative Realism and the Teleology of Evolution MICAH LOTT Boston College In chapter 5 of Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel argues that value realism shows that \u201csomething is missing from Darwinism, and from the standard biological conception of ourselves. But I wish to raise some doubts about Nagel\u2019s claim that value realism calls for historical teleology of this sort.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1796", "words": "4800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "Dissolving the Debunker\u2019s Puzzle", "date": "2015", "keywords": "debunker; nagel; non; oxford; press; puzzle", "summary": "These sciences, after all, have nothing to say about moral facts. On the one hand, the Debunker\u2019s Puzzle may rely on a very strong claim, such as the: Extreme Explanatory Claim (EEC): the content of our moral beliefs across the board: (i) reflects deep shaping by evolutionary forces that operated on the moral belief-forming dispositions of ancestral humans, according to principles insensitive to the truth of the content of moral beliefs, and (ii) does not reflect any independent influence from developed forms of moral reflection guided by independent moral facts as such, through a grasp of their grounds as such.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1797", "words": "4073", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Evolution and Value", "date": "2015", "keywords": "ability; ayala; biology; evolution; humans; language; values", "summary": "Human values are not determined by biological evolution, but by cultural evolution. Values differ among human societies and even among human individuals, even within the same human population or human social group; and human values change through time, that is, not only in the scale of human evolution (hundreds of thousands or millions of years), but in the scale of human history (hundreds or thousands of years), and even in the scale of a human life (tens of years).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-18", "words": "6331", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "An Award Heard Around the World? Ismail Kadare and the Inaugural Man Booker International Prize", "date": "2007", "keywords": "albanian; casanova; english; international; kadare; prize; publishing; successor; world; writers", "summary": "Th e Successor. Kadare\u2019s most recent U.S. publications include Agamemnon\u2019s Daugh- ter: A Novella and Stories (2006) and Th e Successor (2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1839", "words": "7936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Does It Matter Whether Ecosystems Are Real?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "anti; ecosystems; fitzsimmons; mind; norton; policy; scientists; sense; values; view", "summary": "74 is this: in developing an environmental public policy, should we follow Fitzsimmons and encourage scientists to first settle the empirical question of whether ecosystems exist (and if so, what their boundaries are), and then leave it to the public and policymakers to determine whether ecosystems are worth preserving in the face of competing moral and public duties, or should we follow Norton, first identifying what sorts of things communities value, and then framing a public policy that selectively introduces expressions such as \u201cecosystem health\u201d and \u201csustainability\u201d with the goal of upholding this chosen set of community values? Much to the surprise of Fitzsimmons and the new paradigmists, their controversy on whether ecosystems are real is, if Norton is right, actually a debate about who is right as regards how best to serve the prevailing set of community values.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1840", "words": "4740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "The Reality of Fictional Characters and the Cognitive Value of Literature: Some Surprising Insights from Philosophy", "date": "2015", "keywords": "characters; literature; properties; property; realism; simpliciter; story; things", "summary": "Fictional realism is the claim that fictional characters\u2014 things like Antigone, Hamlet, Shere Khan, the city of Minas Tirath, and the like\u2014actually do exist. Under fictional realism, the same applies to fictional characters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1841", "words": "9670", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Presidential Statesmanship as Civic Education", "date": "2015", "keywords": "american; education; founders; government; lincoln; nature; new; people; presidents; principles; rights; roosevelt; statesmanship; wilson", "summary": "One would be hard pressed to deny FDR\u2019s lasting influence on our expectations of presidential speechmaking, and on our expectations about the kind of civic education presidents should offer to the American people. In the remaining sections, relying particularly on their public rhetoric, I explain and compare civic \u201clessons\u201d provided by Presidents Lincoln, Wilson, and Franklin Roosevelt.1 By comparing the fundamental ideas presented in their respective writings and speeches, we can discern an important development in the character and content of presidential civic education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1842", "words": "6327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "\u201cIt Must Develop Men\u201d: Frederick Douglass and Education in Nineteenth-Century America", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bureau; douglass; education; frederick; freedom; ibid; lincoln; man; new; race; reconstruction; slavery; war", "summary": "Douglass later favored classical education but black education in antebellum America needed to serve immediate financial ends and prove the black man could flourish in freedom, develop a sound work ethic, and become a productive citizen in society. Considered the \u201ccommunity leaders\u201d and \u201cinterracial diplomats\u201d of the black community, teaching oftentimes served as a springboard into politics.74 Black teachers invested in the success of the Republican Party for they knew that ensured Southern black education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1843", "words": "9051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "American Paideia: Public and Private Leadership and the Cultivation of Civic Virtue", "date": "2015", "keywords": "american; education; emerson; fate; ibid; leadership; man; press; private; public; scholar; self; statesman; university; virtue", "summary": "The problem, as Emerson sees it, is that man is divorced from nature and, consequently, alienated from himself.49 Emerson portrays alienated man as the opposite of the child who is described as being whole.50 Children are whole in the sense that their inward and outward senses remain truly adjusted to one another.51 This allows the child to be \u201cindependent\u201d whereas the divided adult is \u201cclapped into jail\u201d by his or her 137 Barkalow consciousness.52 By consciousness, Emerson does not refer to the internal mechanism that regulates human behavior. The scholar aids us is the re- discovery of our soul and the ethical codes that reside there.94 Emerson, like Plato\u2019s statesman, recognizes that the great aim of philosophy and education is the soul.95 Only when the soul is properly educated is liberation possible and, at a political level, is genuine self-governance possible.96 Emersonian Prospects", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1844", "words": "2451", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "28", "author": "none", "title": "Prusak, Bernard G. Parental Obligations and Bioethics: The Duties of a Creator. New York: Routledge, 2013). 162pp. $125.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978\u20130\u2013415\u201370333\u20138.", "date": "2015", "keywords": "child; children; obligations; prusak", "summary": "Prusak does assess the case of children born through donation or surrogacy and notes that, while there are documented burdens associated with the lack of social ties to their biological progenitors, the lives of such children are not so disproportionately burdensome to conclude that the practices of gamete donation or surrogacy are inherently bad; however, he still finds the practice problematic for other reasons (76\u20137). He argues that giving one\u2019s child up for adoption can be a justifiable response when one has procreated and then realized that they would Review of Parental Obligations and Bioethics 156 not be capable of fulfilling their parental obligations; nevertheless, this does not render the transfer of one\u2019s parental responsibility to an adoptive couple good simpliciter, as harms may accrue to children whose foundational relationship of unconditional love with their birth parents has been disrupted.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-19", "words": "5065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "The People Has Its Political Reason, of Which Political Theory Knows Nothing", "date": "2007", "keywords": "book; demands; diff; erfani.indd; laclau; populism", "summary": "In the work of Freud, Laclau fi nds the best support for this theory of identifi cation with the leader. For Laclau and Mouff e, this was not a coincidence, or a mere phase.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1944", "words": "6887", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Keeping the Faith Alive: The Tert\u00f6n as Mythological Innovator in the Tibetan Treasure Tradition", "date": "2015", "keywords": "buddha; buddhism; liberation; nyingma; padmasambhava; revelation; school; teachings; terma; tert\u00f6n; text; tibetan; tradition; treasure", "summary": "Encryption of Treasure Treasure is encrypted (usually) in a dakini alphabet following the Tantric Empowerment Ceremony. In reality, there are no shortcuts to liberation in Buddhist doctrine, the Nyingma School included, although many Nyingma Terma texts profess their capacity to liberate by one of the six senses, which Ch\u00f6gyam Trungpa lists as hearing, wearing, seeing, remembering, tasting, and touching.34 If a person achieves liberation through a sensorial medium, as opposed to meditation, it is because that individual was mentally and morally prepared to do so.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1945", "words": "5789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "Clearing Being: Donald Barthelme\u2019s Snow White and the Thought of Martin Heidegger", "date": "2015", "keywords": "barthelme; fairy; heidegger; language; new; novel; snow; snow white; tale; white; world", "summary": "With his 1965 novel Snow White, he turned to the ancient genre of the fairy tale to accomplish this goal. The tale of Snow White, with its beautiful young girl, a malicious older woman, and a combination of magic, evil, love, and transformation, has been called \u201cone our most powerful cultural stories\u201d (Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm 243) and Snow White herself \u201cthe best known fairy-tale character in this country\u201d (Tatar, The Classic Fairy Tales 70).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1946", "words": "661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "none", "title": "Editor's Introduction", "date": "2015", "keywords": "catholic; college", "summary": "Alexander Eodice, Professor of Philosophy at Iona College and Dean of the College\u2019s School of Arts and Sciences from 2001 to 2008, considers the relevance to present-day Catholic institutions of John Tracy Ellis\u2019s \u201cscathing critique of Catholic intellectual life in America\u201d published in 1955. Further, how do the other disciplines in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences serve and express the basic mission of Catholic higher education?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1947", "words": "3556", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "The Catholic Intellectual Tradition and American Catholic Higher Education", "date": "2015", "keywords": "catholic; ellis; intellectual; reason; sense; tradition", "summary": "John Tracy Ellis published a scathing critique of Catholic intellectual life in America.1 While he does acknowledge the profoundly negative consequences of a deeply ingrained anti-Catholic prejudice in American intellectual culture, which when not downright hostile was at least \u201caloof and unfriendly to Catholic thought,\u201d he argues that it is not primarily this bias that accounts for the poverty of Catholic intellectual thought in his time.2 As Catholic institutions followed every passing intellectual craze\u2014presumably in an effort to be timely and more like their secular counterparts\u2014 the secular schools had taken prominence in traditionally \u201cCatholic\u201d scholastic thought (e.g., theology at the University of Chicago, philosophy at Princeton).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1948", "words": "6993", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Newman and the Virtue of Philosophy", "date": "2015", "keywords": "catholic; discipline; education; newman; philosophy; science; sense; theology; university; virtue", "summary": "The central challenges Newman sees for Catholic university education are not unique to Catholic universities, but to university education in general. What he takes philosophy to be, at least in the sense relevant to this role of an organizing principle of university education, is neither a specialized discipline, nor the animating principle of a core curriculum\u2014at least, not merely that.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1949", "words": "5459", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "Identity and the Catholic University: Culture or Epistemology?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "catholic; catholicity; education; evolution; god; human; knowledge; new; teilhard; university; world", "summary": "Our Jesuit thinkers map some new paths for the future of Catholic higher education in an evolutionary age, and it is to them that I now turn. Murray, Ong, Longergan, Haughey John Courtney Murray is best known for his insights regarding Church-State relations; however, he was keenly aware of the critical role Catholic higher education plays in secular society.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1950", "words": "4626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Imagining How to Be Christ-Like Together", "date": "2015", "keywords": "campus; catholic; christ; cross; holy; life; like; mission; work", "summary": "The straightforward daily interaction of breaking bread at a shared table and taking in one another\u2019s answers to the question \u201chow is your day going?\u201d allow lay staff and faculty to see Holy Cross life not as a set of constraints, but as what it is to the priests and brothers who live it: a way to be Christ-like as they live the life of the mind. Holy Cross staff and faculty mingle with their lay collaborators at each table, lingering over conversations that touch upon every dimension of the intellectual life and popular culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1951", "words": "5816", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "none", "title": "Educating for Shalom", "date": "2015", "keywords": "christian; creation; earth; education; god; good; people; shalom; skills; students; things; university; world", "summary": "And so it is with Christian students reading fiction and biography. There is something about gathering over a shared project in unfamiliar circumstances with a familiar and wise mentor that can be golden for Christian university students.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1952", "words": "2837", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Pre-Christian Classics in the Catholic Intellectual Tradition", "date": "2015", "keywords": "catholic; christian; intellectual; tradition; works", "summary": "*** As I considered what would be the right or best way to incorporate pre-Christian truths into a curriculum otherwise dominated by Christian works, or indeed, how more generally to fit ancient and more modern ideas together in a way that does justice to both, a Pauline quotation came to me, \u201cBut when the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law\u201d (Galatians 4:4). This setting does pose different challenges for these pre-Christian works (and these apply equally or more so to those non-Western, non-Christian works I have likewise often taught at these institutions), because the temptation is always to treat them as partial revelation, as it were, imperfect expressions of the fuller, Christian truth that would come later (or elsewhere).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1953", "words": "4131", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Philosophy, Theology, and the Core Curriculum: Case Studies at the University of St. Thomas", "date": "2015", "keywords": "catholic; core; courses; disciplines; students; theology", "summary": "Obviously, there are many other ways to go about pairing courses and other kinds of activities that one might employ to achieve the same end as our Paired Courses Program. While I am willing to admit that all courses in the Core Curriculum are related or connected to other courses in the Core (even if remotely or tangentially), it is rather obvious that some disciplines are closer to and more intimately connected with some disciplines than others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1954", "words": "3203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Digging Down and Reaching Out: A Story of Biblical Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century", "date": "2015", "keywords": "century; history; interpretation; new; robbins; scholars; scholarship; texts", "summary": "Moreover, also in keeping with the intellectual mood of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, they were optimistic, in retrospect even overconfident, operating on the assured conviction that with sufficient data and careful analysis of the data an objective, accurate, and complete understanding of the Bible was possible.10 Since the mid-twentieth century, however, and especially since the last quarter of that century, many began to view the (by then) traditional historical modes of engaging biblical texts as far too limited. As those scholars who developed the edifice of the historical-critical model were \u201cexperts in a variety of fields,\u201d so too do contemporary scholars study, master, and use tools from a variety of academic specializations to ask new questions of biblical texts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1955", "words": "2731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges of Biblical Studies", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bible; communities; scholars; scholarship; studies; text", "summary": "Under the weight of the postmodernist critique, Bible scholars cannot claim objectivity in their methods, nor can they proclaim the truth of their discoveries. Certainly, biblical scholarship has changed over the years to accommodate the cultural shift to postmodernism, but more importantly to the field, I argue, is the ways in which Bible scholars have changed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1956", "words": "1806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Contribution to Roundtable Discussion on Biblical Studies", "date": "2015", "keywords": "literature; rabbinic; studies; study", "summary": "The multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the relationship between texts and intertexts, between texts and contexts, and between literature and history, characterizes to a large extent the research trends not only in the study of rabbinic literature but biblical studies as well as the humanities at large. This development did not come about overnight, but in many respects is the product of a process going back to the early 1980s, a watershed period when scholars began to draw on the innovations taking place in literary studies and to apply them to the study of rabbinic literature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1957", "words": "5167", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Paul Beyond the Jew/Gentile Dichotomy: A Perspective from Benjamin", "date": "2015", "keywords": "gentiles; ioudaia; ioudaioi; israel; jews; letters; new; paul; pauline; press; scholars", "summary": "Scholars from an \u201cOld\u201d perspective view Paul primarily as a religious Christian who was sent to both Jews and Gentiles, whereas scholars from a \u201cNew\u201d perspective view Paul primarily as an ethnic Jew who was called either to both Jews and Gentiles (similar to the \u201cOld\u201d perspective) or only to Gentiles (a so-called \u201cRadical\u201d new perspective, which is sometimes complemented with a positive valuation of Judaism as a religion for ethnic Jews). According to the so-called New Perspective, Paul was a Jew who was called as a prophet only to ethnic Gentiles (i.e., non-Jews).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1958", "words": "1541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "The Frankenstein of Biblical Studies?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "david; king; text; university", "summary": "\u201cBiblical Figures King David and Solomon May Have Actually Existed, Say Archaeologists.\u201d \u201cDiscovery of Official Clay Seals Support Existence of Biblical Kings David and Solomon, Archaeologists Say.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-1959", "words": "2626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Metz, Thaddeus. Meaning in Life: An Analytic Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 288pp. $45.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978\u20130\u2013199\u201359931\u20138", "date": "2015", "keywords": "god; life; meaning; metz", "summary": "Metz\u2019s view seems to imply (for example) that babies, the severely mentally challenged, and people with Alzheimer\u2019s do not live meaningful lives (or live only minimally meaningful lives) because they cannot actively use their reason to perform acts of moral, intellectual, or artistic significance. If life can have meaning, what forms do such meanings take, which modes of meaningfulness are most important, and how can I make my own life as meaningful as possible?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-197", "words": "275", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Preface", "date": "2009", "keywords": "expositions", "summary": "our new website will offer more of the features that distinguish us from other academic journals as well as free access to archives of our first three volumes. \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009, Unit 6, The Village, 101 Amies Street, London SW11 2JW", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-198", "words": "541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Crisis, Opportunity, Danger? Mark C. Taylor\u2019s \u201cEnd the University as We Know It\"", "date": "2009", "keywords": "education; taylor", "summary": "Of course, Taylor\u2014long a professor of religion at Williams College, more recently chair of the religion department at Columbia University\u2014is hardly a lone voice in his criticism of what Alasdair MacIntyre, to name another critic, has called \u201cthe fragmentation of the American university.\u201d This is the context for the bombshell opening sentences of Mark C. Taylor\u2019s April 26, 2009 New York Times op-ed, \u201cEnd the University as We Know It.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-199", "words": "2348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Needed: Some (Any!) Philosophy of Higher Education", "date": "2009", "keywords": "curriculum; education; faculty; research; university", "summary": "Faculty griping about administration is old hat, but faculty need to do more than gripe. If the aim of classical education was training in character, the dominance of religion and its teachers fit this aim.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-200", "words": "2377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Reforming Graduate Science Education: Start in the Classroom", "date": "2009", "keywords": "faculty; graduate; research; science; students; teaching", "summary": "Teaching require- ments for science graduate students are often minimal and do not afford a real opportunity to learn about pedagogy. Whereas Taylor suggests tying different universities together, it appears that science graduate students would benefit instead from training from other schools within the university.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-201", "words": "1578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Rage for Originality and the Curse of Prestige", "date": "2009", "keywords": "discipline; originality; taylor; trusteeship", "summary": "As a student of postmod- ernism, Taylor ought to know that Scotus plays a central role in the critique of modern reason developed by scholars of the Radical Orthodoxy school, like John Milbank and Katherine Pickstock. As I look from this vantage point, Taylor\u2019s vision of the interdisciplinary academy strikes me as pure folly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-202", "words": "2411", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "none", "title": "What\u2019s the Matter with Footnotes?", "date": "2009", "keywords": "education; religion; study; taylor; university; work", "summary": "But specialization is not always-already narrowness; if it were, then the academic collaboration that Taylor extols would entail locking several blinkered professors in a room and hoping they come up with answers to global problems. Mark C. Taylor disparages academic specialization as \u201cmore and more about less and less,\u201d as if specialization requires small-mindedness and lack of intellectual ambition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-203", "words": "2990", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "none", "title": "The Good News (and Who\u2019s Listening) in Tim O\u2019Brien\u2019s The Things they Carried", "date": "2009", "keywords": "cross; jesus; martha; o\u2019brien; story", "summary": "But back to Martha: is the biblical Martha and her story or stories connected to the Martha that Jimmy Cross would love? In John\u2019s Gospel Mary comes to Jesus after Martha returns home, to tell Mary Jesus has sent for her.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-204", "words": "4951", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "none", "title": "What is the Good of the \u201cExamined Life\u201d? Some Thoughts on the Apology and Liberal Education", "date": "2009", "keywords": "equinox; good; life; publishing; self; socrates; tolstoy", "summary": "What is the Good of the \u201cExamined Life\u201d? I could not, indeed, help doing so; 174 What is the Good of the \u201cExamined Life\u201d?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-205", "words": "4435", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Paul, Faustus, and Augustine\u2019s Evolution toward Anti-anti-Semitism", "date": "2009", "keywords": "anti; augustine; faustus; fredriksen; god; jews; paul", "summary": "Briefly put, Fredriksen\u2019s thesis is that, despite the sweepingly negative way in which most history textbooks, to say nothing whatsoever about prevailing popular assumptions, treat Christian-Jewish relations\u2014 especially following the legalization and eventual mainstreaming of Christianity in western society by the end of the fourth-century\u2014we misunderstand both Augustine and the complex history of these rela- tions if we fail to recognize that the Bishop of Hippo was far from being anti-Semitic tout court. On the contrary, while Fredriksen does make it clear both that Augustine was no pluralist and that Augustine\u2019s 186 Academic Roundtable \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 employment of certain features of Late Antique rhetoric were often misconstrued by later readers, she is at pains to show how Augustine, for a whole host of ideological and contextual reasons, was both \u201cpro- Jewish\u201d and deeply respectful of the Jews\u2019 history, their traditions, and what he understood to be their present and future roles in God\u2019s salvific plan for humanity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2055", "words": "7187", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "none", "title": "Shame on You: The Virtuous Use of Shame in Aristotle\u2019s Nicomachean Ethics", "date": "2016", "keywords": "action; aidos; aristotle; ethics; feeling; nicomachean; shame; virtue", "summary": "Shame is a mean (1108a32) of the appropriate feeling of pain.8 Second, Aristotle notes precisely what type of pain shame deals with: \u201cevils that appear to pertain to disrepute\u201d (1383b20). [Expositions 9.2 (2015) 1\u201315] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Shame on You: The Virtuous Use of Shame in Aristotle\u2019s Nicomachean Ethics NICHOLAS HIGGINS Regent University ABSTRACT Aristotle presents shame as a non-virtue, but through a careful analysis of his definition and discussion of shame the reader can conclude that there is an appropriate type of shame; a prospective as opposed to retrospective feeling of shame.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2056", "words": "8346", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Sovereign Poetics: from Exception to Apocrypha", "date": "2016", "keywords": "beginning; decision; exception; god; judith; modern; poem; politics; power; print; schmitt; sovereignty; state; theology", "summary": "Benjamin wanted to dedicate his doctoral dissertation to Schmitt; as Horst Bredekamp opines: \u201cWalter Benjamin\u2019s esteem for Carl Schmitt is one of the most irritating incidents in the intellectual history of the Weimar Republic\u201d (247). Working backwards from twentieth-century Germany, via history and philosophy, Schmitt endeavors to theorize the origins of the modern state in the workings of theology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2057", "words": "16878", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "none", "title": "Saint Louis IX and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III", "date": "2016", "keywords": "aeneas; century; charlemagne; charles; church; des; die; eds; electors; emperor; emperor frederick; empire; france; frederick; frederick iii; french; gaposchkin; german; holy; hre; iii; karl; king; louis; lupold; otto; paris; peter; pope; power; renna; roman; saint; saint louis; time; und; university; vol; von", "summary": "From that day until to 1790 when the Revolution abolished it, the Parlement of Paris officially celebrated this feast, although in practice the cult of Saint Charlemagne always remained tepid in France.35 In 1454 a painting of the Crucifixion which included the figures of Charlemagne and Saint Louis was placed in the Great Hall of the royal palace, meant to symbolize the triumph of divine justice. In 1475 Louis XI declared January 28 the feast of Saint Charlemagne, who possessed great virtue and performed saintly deeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2058", "words": "3514", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Waiting for the Revolution", "date": "2016", "keywords": "logic; numeration; philosophy; science; system", "summary": "In 1905 Russell developed his theory of descriptions, the theory Frank Ramsey would later characterize as \u201cthat paradigm of philosophy\u201d; and in 1910 the first volume of Russell and Whitehead\u2019s Principia Mathematica appeared.2 Thus was begun the intellectual movement that would come to be known as analytic philosophy. The fundamental idea of analytic philosophy, at least at first, was to assume that philosophical difficulties arise because we fail adequately to understand the notions on which those difficulties are based and then to resolve those difficulties by providing conceptual analyses of the problematic notions, analyses that would reveal their underlying logical form.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2059", "words": "4496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "The Challenge of Teaching Analytic Philosophy to Undergraduates", "date": "2016", "keywords": "analysis; chinese; language; philosophers; philosophy; reality; students; time", "summary": "Students perceive analytic philosophy to be \u201chard\u201d; and more importantly, they find it too abstract, too nit-picking, too technical, and ultimately having no relevance to their lives or their concerns. The alienation between analytic philosophy and the current college student body is not a reflection of the demise of student intellect or the incompetence of instructors, but the current state of analytic philosophy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-206", "words": "3994", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "The Presence of the Past: The Scholarly Afterlife of Adversus Judaeos Rhetoric", "date": "2009", "keywords": "adversus; israelites; jews; judaeos; judean; law; non; paul; rhetoric; romans", "summary": "First, if Paul indeed wrote to non-Israelites about his quarrels with Israelites, he would, in a moment, cease being a bystander innocent (as he is often portrayed to be) of setting in motion the Wirkungsgeschichte of Adversus Judaeos rhetoric. Did Paul Believe in Justification by Works?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2060", "words": "1798", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "De Bary, Wm. Theodore. The Great Civilized Conversation: Education for World Community. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. 416 pages. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-231- 16276-0.", "date": "2016", "keywords": "bary; columbia; confucianism; zhu", "summary": "In doing so, he gave ritual form to a judgment that many had long held: Ted de Bary is a national treasure, a teacher and scholar who has made the world a better place by deepening understanding between West and East. How deeply de Bary has lived out his vocation!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-207", "words": "2298", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Two Augustines?", "date": "2009", "keywords": "augustine; homilies; jesus; jews; john", "summary": "When Jesus prays from the cross, \u201cFather, forgive them, for they know not what they do\u201d (Luke 23:34), Augustine is clear about which Jews Jesus is Two Augustines? She reinforces her case for Augustine\u2019s contri- bution with an astute discussion of his correspondence with the far less 210 Academic Roundtable \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 accommodating Jerome (on the legitimacy of the Jewish practices of the earliest followers of Jesus) and with a cogent presentation of what the bishop does not say on the use of force against Jews (as compared to his approval of it against Donatists).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-208", "words": "2486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine\u2019s \u201cJews in the Head\"", "date": "2009", "keywords": "augustine; bishop; christian; cohen; fredriksen; jews", "summary": "Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine\u2019s \u201cJews in the Head\u201d 221 \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 References Brown, Peter 2009 A Surprise from St. Augustine. And Fredriksen is careful to lay old mis- Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine\u2019s \u201cJews in the Head\u201d 219 \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 conceptions to rest, for example by explaining that late Antique Jews were not active missionizers: what makes the synagogue so dangerous\u2014or at least so very aggravat- ing\u2014to many Christian bishops in the fourth century CE is precisely its continuing exercise of the practice that stretched back to the Hel- lenistic centuries BCE.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2088", "words": "2120", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Ethics after Kohlberg: Catholic Social Teaching as Example and Test", "date": "2016", "keywords": "character; cst; education; ethics; kohlberg; reasoning", "summary": "According to this school, \u201cmorality [\u2026] is neither \u2018taught\u2019 nor \u2018caught\u2019 but is inexorably developed out of each individual\u2019s personal struggle to make sense of the world\u201d7\u2014more technically, the personal struggle to come to terms with \u201cproblematic situations of conflict\u201d in which a previously settled mode of structuring our relationships with others is found no longer to fit with, or quite literally to \u201cdo justice to,\u201d new elements of our experience that we are invested in maintaining.8 In light of this conception of morality as developing out of our \u201cstructuring tendencies,\u201d the aim of moral education, Kohlberg claims, \u201cshould be to stimulate people\u2019s thinking ability over time in ways which will enable them to use more adequate and complex reasoning patterns to solve moral problems\u201d9: reduced to a Ethics after Kohlberg 2 catchphrase, \u201cstimulation of movement to the next stage of moral reasoning. This question is pressing in light of research finding that, in the words of a onetime representative of Kohlberg\u2019s school, \u201cthere is only a weak link between moral reasoning and moral action.\u201d11", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2089", "words": "2873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Catholic Social Teaching: Transforming Students, Transforming Society", "date": "2016", "keywords": "analysis; catholic; cst; education; principles; students; teaching", "summary": "One potential barrier to including CST in the curriculum and co-curriculum is that the official documents themselves do not suggest a particular pedagogy or include plans for how the lessons of CST could be disseminated or implemented.2 The documents constituting official CST seem to assume that familiarity with the corpus of Catholic social teaching necessarily leads to engagement, integration, and application of principles to particular situations, yielding right social action.3 Under the four-fold rubric \u201cact together,\u201d \u201creach out together,\u201d \u201cpray together,\u201d and \u201clearn together,\u201d the website offers not only the principles of CST but also prayers, resources, success stories from parishes, schools, and 13 Reed-Bouley Catholic Relief Services, and other information about Catholic social teaching.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-209", "words": "2325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Aquinas\u2019s Sheep: A Note on Anscombe on Freedom", "date": "2009", "keywords": "action; anscombe; freedom; sullivan", "summary": "To make an initial contribution, Anscombe\u2019s remark that it is a \u201cmistake to think that the relation of being done in execution of a certain intention, or being done intentionally, is a causal relation\u201d suggests that describing an action as intentional does not rule out giving a causal explanation of it in different terms (Anscombe 2005, 95).1 To close, I want to consider briefly Anscombe\u2019s oft-cited remark that there is nothing unacceptable about the idea that [the] \u201cphysical hap- hazard\u201d should be the only physical correlate of human freedom of action; and perhaps also of the voluntariness and intentionalness in the conduct of other animals which we do not call \u201cfree.\u201d Putting this claim in different words, he also says that, \u201cif determinism turns out to be true, then all our talk about human actions and human agents\u2026would be \u2018just a highly convenient, nay indispensable, fa\u00e7on de parler\u2019\u201d (Sullivan 2007, 236, quoting Anscombe 2005, 103); and \u201cif one were to hold that a given movement were necessitated by prior perceptions, beliefs, desires, and intentions, then\u2026there would be nothing for the intention embodied in that action to explain\u201d and it would make no sense to count that movement as an intentional action (Sullivan 2007, 237).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2090", "words": "5408", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Justice Matters: A Multi-Faceted Implementation of Catholic Social Teaching across the Curriculum", "date": "2016", "keywords": "cabrini; catholic; course; cst; curriculum; faculty; justice; learning; mission; social; students", "summary": "21 Zurek Clearly, to teach social justice courses rooted in CST requires considerable faculty development. So when the core curriculum was revised and the number of social justice courses was increased from a single course, the faculty was receptive, though not all faculty were comfortable with the explicit attention to CST.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2091", "words": "2897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Faculty as Moral Gardeners: Formation Rooted in the Catholic Social Tradition", "date": "2016", "keywords": "catholic; college; cst; faculty; formation; social; students", "summary": "Concretely, a faculty member can aid student moral formation by assigning a learning activity that brings students into direct contact with ethical issues. For, when students are engaged in ethical practice, they not only are learning about ethics; one could add, they also are teaching other students about ethics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2092", "words": "3347", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "none", "title": "Framing Student Appropriation of Catholic Social Teachings and Tradition", "date": "2016", "keywords": "appropriation; catholic; cst; initiative; programming; rubric; student; team", "summary": "Any inclination to presume a student\u2019s level of CST appropriation, based primarily on the quantity or frequency of a student\u2019s exposure to CST programming, should be avoided. The objective of the rubric team was to design and validate a framework distinguishing levels of CST appropriation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2093", "words": "10051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "none", "title": "Juan Luis Vives as the \"Second Quintilian\": Transforming Liberal Arts Learning into Christian Piety", "date": "2016", "keywords": "arts; book; christian; disciplinis; end; god; good; ibid; juan; knowledge; learning; luis; luis vives; press; quintilian; second; teacher; vives; writing", "summary": "He begins, Juan Luis Vives as the \u201cSecond Quintilian\u201d 58 When I reflected that there is nothing in life more beautiful or more excellent than the cultivation of the mind through what we call the branches of learning (disciplinae), by means of which we separate ourselves from the way of life and customs of animals and are restored to humanity, and raised towards God Himself, I determined to write on the subject, as far as my powers let me, and to do so, if I am not mistaken, in a manner different from what most of our predecessors have done.38 Locating himself in the Isocratic tradition,39 Vives also affirms the central role that the disciplines or arts of knowledge play in distinguishing ourselves from the animals. Juan Luis Vives as the \u201cSecond Quintilian\u201d 60 Piety, Love, and Liberal Learning Undoubtedly, the formation of Vives\u2019s \u201cpious\u201d student draws upon Quintilian\u2019s concept of shaping the \u201cgood\u201d student; nevertheless, the motivation for becoming pious is distinct, and it deserves further consideration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2094", "words": "7754", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Madison, Lincoln, and Civic Education", "date": "2016", "keywords": "attachment; constitution; education; federalist; government; lincoln; madison; passions; people; reason", "summary": "\u201cConscious or Subconscious Caesarism: A Critique of Recent Scholarly Attempts to Put Lincoln on the Analyst\u2019s Couch.\u201d The type of civic education Lincoln is calling for then is not one that will produce a blind faith, a willingness to follow the Constitution no matter the consequences.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2095", "words": "3157", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "none", "title": "Edmundson, Mark. Self and Soul: A Defense of Ideals. Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 2015. 283 pages. $29.95 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-674-08820-7.", "date": "2016", "keywords": "compassion; edmundson; ideals; jesus; self; soul; taylor", "summary": "Hardly anyone ever had the ideals Edmundson claims have been lost. \u201d1 Edmundson has special disdain for the little pleasures of video gaming, football fandom, journalism, and popular music, all of which he believes offer counterfeits of the true ideals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-210", "words": "3193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Bound to Remember", "date": "2009", "keywords": "blustein; group; memory; past; responsibility; shame", "summary": "Consequently, Blustein defines genuine collective shame in the following manner: Shared membership shame: group shame is truly collective when and only when there is shame over something the group has done that is widespread among the members of the group, the shame is publicly expressed and socially unifying, and it is aroused by actions or prac- tices that call into question the group\u2019s fidelity to its collective norma- tive self-conception. He elucidates the genuine notion of collective shame by distinguishing it from other, inadequate characterizations of group shame.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-211", "words": "2540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Reformation Now", "date": "2009", "keywords": "catholic; century; city; kaplan; reformation; simpson", "summary": "I never expect to encounter a more persuasive explanation of why certain kinds of non-official Protestant churches should be partially (but not completely) concealed, nor a more sophisticated discussion of why non-Christian communities of this era not only accepted but gen- erally welcomed their spatial segregation. Kaplan precedes the central section of his triptych with a sketch of the mutual exclusivity of various churches in post-Reformation Europe.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2210", "words": "921", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "none", "title": "Editor\u2019s Preface", "date": "2017", "keywords": "scholars; shakespeare", "summary": "We have chosen to devote an entire issue to a series of interviews with Shakespeare scholars that I conducted at the University of Oxford in the summer of 2016. At the same time, Shakespeare is the most performed playwright in the English-speaking world (by far), and many Shakespeare scholars write with the awareness that their work will be studied not just by students and scholars but by theater professionals and common readers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2211", "words": "10049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "none", "title": "Jonathan Bate, Worcester College, Oxford", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bate; book; life; lot; oxford; people; reading; shakespeare; spiro; theater; thinking; time; way; work; world", "summary": "And there was that mutual suspicion between Shakespeare theater people and Shakespeare academics, whereas now, though there are occasional moments of bafflement, on the whole it\u2019s a fantastically positive relationship. That then of course got me interested in early Shakespeare, and when in the mid-1990s the Arden Shakespeare series was being restarted, Richard Proudfoot, the General Editor of the Arden, read my book on Shakespeare and Ovid and thought I was the obvious person to edit Titus Andronicus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2212", "words": "6836", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "none", "title": "Tiffany Stern, University College, Oxford", "date": "2017", "keywords": "lot; shakespeare; spiro; stern; things; think; way", "summary": "And at a point when Shakespeare studies\u2026 another reason, maybe, why Oxford has become more prominent is because we are more visible in America. So, anyway, we\u2019ve been having these thoughts at New Mermaids, but I think where it\u2019s really becoming crucial is that I\u2019m one of the three General Editors of Arden Shakespeare 4, the next iteration of Arden, and Arden is a very particular, a very important thing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2213", "words": "8684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "none", "title": "Bart van Es, St Catherine\u2019s College, Oxford", "date": "2017", "keywords": "book; kind; people; shakespeare; spiro; things; think; thinking; van; way; work", "summary": "At the same time I got my professorship here, my permanent job in Oxford, and I was asked to do a lecture series on Shakespeare that related Shakespeare to his contemporaries, because people had this tendency to write undergraduate work that didn\u2019t really consider Shakespeare a Renaissance writer, or they just looked at Shakespeare studies as a self-enclosed category. So I\u2019m actually quite hostile to a lot of the current trends in Shakespeare studies, which have tended to talk a lot about stylometrics as a way of pulling apart the canon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2214", "words": "17377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "none", "title": "Simon Palfrey, Brasenose College, Oxford", "date": "2017", "keywords": "book; kind; moment; palfrey; people; sense; shakespeare; sort; spiro; stuff; thing; way; words; work; writing", "summary": "He is the author of several books on Shakespeare: Late Shakespeare: A New World of Words (1997), Doing Shakespeare (2004; revised and extended 2nd edition, 2011), Shakespeare in Parts (co-authored with Tiffany Stern, 2007), The Connell Guide to Shakespeare\u2019s Romeo and Juliet (2012), Shakespeare\u2019s Possible Worlds (2014), Poor Tom: Living King Lear (2014), and the \u201ccritical fiction\u201d Macbeth, Macbeth (co-authored with Ewan Fernie, 2016). \u201cDoing More Shakespeare.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2218", "words": "5171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Ethics of Cooperation and the Contraceptive Mandate: Legal, Political, and Moral Dimensions", "date": "2017", "keywords": "action; contraceptive; cooperation; ethics; hobby; justice; material; oderberg; question; wrongdoing", "summary": "Religious liberty is popularly called \u201cAmerica\u2019s first freedom,\u201d not merely because it is enshrined in the First Amendment of the Constitution, but because it is a fundamental freedom, the recognition of which ensures the recognition of further rights to freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and privacy, among others.6 By contrast, a government that does not recognize religious liberty is sure to limit other freedoms. Time will tell.2 This iteration of the forum \u201cEthics in Focus\u201d concerns the ethics of cooperation as it applies to religious liberty cases like Zubik, Hobby Lobby, and no doubt others that will come before the Supreme Court.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2219", "words": "7231", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Co-operation in the Age of Hobby Lobby: When Sincerity is Not Enough", "date": "2017", "keywords": "act; belief; case; court; coverage; lobby; objectors; operation", "summary": "When it comes to working out what sort of reason can justify certain behavior in a given situation, the question in co-operation cases is how the effects relate to the co-operator\u2019s action: the more the co-operator is implicated in the principal act, the graver the reason they need for co-operating. My purpose has been to show that there is a principled way of looking at co-operation cases that does not involve appeal to religious doctrine or expression per se and that is not wholly subjective.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2220", "words": "5277", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Religious Doctrine and the HHS Mandate", "date": "2017", "keywords": "case; compliance; cooperation; end; evil; mandate", "summary": "Therefore, if compliance with the HHS mandate intrinsically constitutes formal cooperation with evil, then\u2014 regardless of relative to which action(s) of which principal(s) it does\u2014it necessarily involves intention of the end that those who as a result acquire contraceptive coverage use contraception. If by doing \uf046 C is cooperating with P\u2019s pursuit of end E, then (FC) \uf046 constitutes formal cooperation with evil relative to E if and only if (a) P\u2019s pursuit of E is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it P intends E, and (b) \uf046 is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it C intends E; whereas (MC) \uf046 constitutes material cooperation with evil relative to E if and only if (a) P\u2019s pursuit of E is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it P intends E, but (-b) it is not the case that \uf046 is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it C intends E. Religious Doctrine and the HHS Mandate 36 \u00a0 \u00a0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2221", "words": "6439", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Coerced Proximate Contingent Material Cooperation: An Analysis of the HHS Contraceptive Mandate", "date": "2017", "keywords": "act; cooperation; employer; form; mandate; material; material cooperation; paint; principal", "summary": "51 Cavanaugh The selling of spray paint\u2014to have recourse to the spray paint example once again\u2014lends itself to many further acts by others, very few of which are objectionable acts of vandalism. Given one\u2019s (defeasible but real) obligation to prevent objectionable acts, the more the principal\u2019s act depends on the cooperator\u2019s, the greater the justification required of the cooperator to act.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2222", "words": "4327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Presence, Privilege, and Moral Appropriation: Reading Zubik as an Act of Protest", "date": "2017", "keywords": "act; appropriation; case; catholic; cooperation; evil; protest; sisters; world; zubik", "summary": "Moral cooperation is traditionally understood as assisting in an act of evil; thus, the Zubik plaintiffs regarded assisting in the provision of birth control to employees as moral cooperation. Patricia Miller, \u201c\u2018Little Sisters\u2019 Being Sold As Face of Contraception Case,\u201d Religion Dispatches, March 22, 2016, http://religiondispatches.org/little-sisters-being-sold-as-face- of-contraception-case/. 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2224", "words": "2377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Poetry and Philosophy", "date": "2017", "keywords": "human; philosophy; poetry; press; socrates; trans; university", "summary": "Microsoft Word - 1 Plato Trepanier Intro.docx [Expositions 11.1 (2017) 72\u201378] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Poetry and Philosophy LEE TRAPANIER Saginaw Valley State University Of the three branches of literary studies, theory traditionally has been given the most attention by scholars since the time of Aristarchus, with philosophy playing an instrumental role in theory\u2019s development and growth.1 However, philosophy itself has been influenced by literature, and specifically by poetry, since its inception.2 Although some thinkers, such as Dilthey and Nietzsche, praise the wisdom of poets and see poetry and philosophy as mutually beneficial pursuits, most philosophers and theorists resent, diminish, or eliminate the importance of poetry in philosophy and theory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2225", "words": "8239", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "none", "title": "Socrates\u2019 Homer in the Republic: Retaining the Poetic Past and Preparing for the Philosophic Future", "date": "2017", "keywords": "achilles; gods; hellenes; homer; iliad; people; philosophy; plato; poetry; poets; press; rep; republic; socrates; university", "summary": "Another instance when Socrates modifies Homer poetry for his own philosophical aims is when he approves of Homer\u2019s characterization of Diomedes, who says: Friend, be quiet and attend to my words And what follows: The first references to Homer in the Republic confirm the poet\u2019s commanding civilizational influence on the Hellenes when both Socrates and Adeimantus speak of Homer in the context of what people have learned from him.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2226", "words": "6636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Diagnosing the Dissonance of Achilles", "date": "2017", "keywords": "achilles; allen; coinage; justice; literacy; metals; money; myth; plato; poetry; socrates; writing", "summary": "The invention and spread of coinage facilitated greater autonomy for such \u201ctransactional\u201d relationships, but Plato sought to circumscribe transactional relationships within the civic relationship, the sphere of political justice. As the final sentence indicates, Plato\u2019s myth retains the traditional association between coinage and the short-term transactional order; however, the market is subordinated to the long term order circumscribed by the comprehensive virtue of political justice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2227", "words": "8037", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "An Apology of Euripides: Defending the Poets", "date": "2017", "keywords": "apology; athenian; critique; euripides; ion; plato; poetry; poets; press; republic; socrates; theseus; trans; university", "summary": "Importantly, Euripides provides a serious account of such questions and reveals that a poetic education may be not only beneficial, but essential in any democratic regime. Significantly, although Euripides reflects similar content to philosophic explanations, because he contextualized this question within a larger dramatic story, he exposes potential limits of a purely rational account of such questions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2228", "words": "8530", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Socrates\u2019 Apology and Plato\u2019s Poetry: A Speculative Exegesis", "date": "2017", "keywords": "apology; athens; city; divine; gods; human; plato; poetry; poets; power; socrates; soul; wisdom; words", "summary": "\u201cPoetry makes nothing happen\u201d \u2014W. H. Auden1 Everybody knows that Socrates and Plato hated the poets. Socrates seemingly seeks to banish the toxic power of poetry from his ideal city.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2229", "words": "7715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "\u201cWe Are the Champions\u201d: Mousik\u0113 and Cultural Chauvinism in Plato\u2019s Republic", "date": "2017", "keywords": "city; greek; harmony; kallipolis; mousik\u0113; music; myth; new; non; plato; poetry; press; republic; socrates; university", "summary": "Modern readers often struggle to make sense of why during a discussion on music Socrates quickly shifts to talking about poetry, yet for Plato\u2019s contemporaries the transition would have seemed seamless. The Mousik\u0113 of Kallipolis: Simple Harmony Though many have written on the Republic\u2019s censuring of Greek music, often unnoted is that Socrates and his interlocutors go on to propose a form of music that harmonizes Greek and non- Greek myths and musical modes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2230", "words": "6404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "none", "title": "The Imitative Arts Will Tear Us Apart in the Republic", "date": "2017", "keywords": "appetite; book; city; class; constitutions; parts; socrates; soul", "summary": "It seems that Socrates equivocates on the number of parts. Nearly all interpreters assume what some call the \u201ccanonical\u201d interpretation: the text requires all constitutions to have the same number of parts.2 I reject the canonical interpretation and argue that the number of parts in a constitution is contingent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2231", "words": "4809", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Umphrey, Stewart. Natural Kinds and Genesis: The Classification of Material Entities. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016. 186 pages. $80.00 (cloth). ISBN 978\u20131\u2013498\u201353141\u20132.", "date": "2017", "keywords": "continuants; kinds; nature; realism; sense; things; umphrey", "summary": "(2) Are there reasons to suppose that there are natural kinds? Umphrey claims that his book is \u201c[\u2026] short on doctrine [\u2026] [and] does not, for example, present anything like a complete theory of natural kinds\u201d and he offers instead a \u201cmap of the rugged conceptual landscape on which all natural philosophers today must proceed whether they like it or not\u201d (10, cf. 158).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2265", "words": "12040", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "none", "title": "The Function of Pantagruelion in Rabelais\u2019s Quart Livre", "date": "2018", "keywords": "atropos; belief; comme; function; human; les; leviathan; livre; moly; narrator; nature; odysseus; pantagruelion; panurge; physeter; plant; point; quart; quart livre; rabelais; things; tiers; whale; world", "summary": "Thus Pantagruelion, like Atropos, signifies death, inevitability, and necessity, but also the The Function of Pantagruelion in Rabelais\u2019s Quart Livre 10 \u00a0 \u00a0 future and eternity\u2014something that, as La Rochefoucauld later wrote, \u201cne se peuvent regarder fixement\u201d [cannot be looked on fixedly].31 In Rabelais\u2019s text, however, some can look at death more fixedly than others. Smith, Paul J. Voyage et \u00c9criture: Etude sur le Quart Livre de Rabelais.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2266", "words": "8836", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Pleading the Case: Paying Attention to Works of Fiction as well as Fictional Worlds", "date": "2018", "keywords": "attention; features; fiction; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; plc; press; shakespeare; university; way; work; world", "summary": "What kind of philosophical work can be done by paying attention to things such as characterization, plot, or perspective? In this section I want to draw attention to the tendency of PLC to focus almost exclusively on the fictional worlds that are realized through various works of fiction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2267", "words": "12801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Papal Approval of Holy Roman Emperors, 1250-1356", "date": "2018", "keywords": "approbation; approval; bull; charles; conrad; coronation; der; des; election; electors; emperor; empire; frankfurt; german; holy; innocent; king; louis; ockham; papal; pope; power; princes; right; roman; rome; und; von", "summary": "De ecclesiastica potestate, especially 1:37 (translatio imperri and its relation to the transfer to the Germans, and the papal approval) and 1:38 (imperial election and coronation, and papal approbation). In terms of the evolution of the theory of papal approbation, as opposed to the popes\u2019 actual ventures into the diplomatic entanglements associated with the imperial candidates, the period of the Interregnum and Rudolf of Habsburg was as important as the decretals and the precedent- setting events of 1245\u20131257.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2268", "words": "1589", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Kotsko, Adam. The Prince of This World. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2017. 225 pages. $22.95", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; devil; god; kotsko", "summary": "Kotsko goes 93 Hughes on to argue that, in the hands of Athanasius and, even more clearly, much later in Anselm, God adopts the role of Satan. Microsoft Word - Hughes final.docx [Expositions 11.2 (2017) 91\u201394] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Kotsko, Adam.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2315", "words": "2128", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Just War or Just Peace? The Future of Catholic Teaching on War and Peace", "date": "2018", "keywords": "catholic; nonviolence; peace; theory; university; war", "summary": "There are advocates for rejecting just war theory, and there are advocates for rejecting the rejection, but there are also contributors who reject the opposition of just war and just peace principles, who claim that the focus of both camps should be on peacebuilding, who call for renewed attention to the possibility of selective conscientious objection, and who draw attention to the growing edges of just war theory, which as it happens draw the just war tradition closer to its critics. Instead, the new and the old stand in tension, and from this tension developed just war theory, which a critic acknowledges \u201cwas and is intended primarily to restrain, not validate war.\u201d13", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2317", "words": "4787", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Preventing Unjust War: The Role of the Catholic Church", "date": "2018", "keywords": "catholic; church; court; mcmahan; nonviolence; peace; tradition; war; wars", "summary": "Crucially, unsuccessful attempts to prevent unjust wars by encouraging acts of personal conscientious refusal need not threaten the capacity to wage just wars in response. The court\u2019s responsibility would be to help resist unjust wars, not to promote just wars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2318", "words": "4467", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Future of (Catholic) Just War Theory: Marginal", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bellum; catholic; criteria; force; justice; paul; peace; theory; violence; war", "summary": "Following John XXIII\u2019s lead, the United States bishops, in their 1983 peace pastoral, The Challenge of Peace: God\u2019s Promise and Our Response,9 maintain that pacifism and just war theory are united by a presumption in favor of peace and against war. In fact, Powers even regards just war theory so conceived as an essential part of preventing war and building peace, insofar as it both provides rationales against the use of force that does not meet strict criteria such as last resort, proportionality, reasonable hope of success, and protection of civilians and also requires securing the conditions of just and peaceful social life going forward.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2319", "words": "9556", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Just War in the Twenty-First Century: Nonviolence, Post Bellum Justice, and R2P", "date": "2018", "keywords": "building; conflict; forgiveness; intervention; john; justice; new; nonviolence; peace; pope; post; r2p; reconciliation; responsibility; rights; state; u.s; war; world", "summary": "Pope Francis, in response to the suggestion of some Pax Christi members that he should condemn just war, wrote, \u201cthe Council recognized that, since war has not been eradicated from the human condition, \u2018governments cannot be denied the right to legitimate defense once every means of peaceful settlement has been exhausted.\u2019\u201d In these reflections on the future of just war, I want, however, to approach three different issues that have emerged from the past thirty years of conflict and that require further examination and refinement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2320", "words": "4831", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Just Peace and Just War", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bellum; conflict; international; jus; jwt; peace; people; post; principles; tradition; war", "summary": "Just Peace principles work on a continuum to prevent all sorts of conflicts at various levels of society, to mediate and end conflict, and to restore societies after conflict; Just Peace criteria are not limited to a narrow timeline or a narrow set of governmental and combatant activities and actors; Just Peace is the larger category, not a subset of JWT. [Expositions 12.1 (2018) 60\u201371] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 \u00a0 \u00a0 Just Peace and Just War MARYANN CUSIMANO LOVE Catholic University of America Just War or Just Peace?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2321", "words": "3134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Jumping into Combat without a Parachute\u2014on Purpose?", "date": "2018", "keywords": "military; peace; soldiers; theory; violence; war; world", "summary": "Today\u2019s warrior ethic includes a mode of thought that incorporates the tenets of just war theory, the so-called laws of armed conflict, and international humanitarian laws, embodied in such agreements as the conventions of Hague and Geneva. The concepts of just war theory developed by early theologians and the related concepts of chivalry extant in the medieval period explain much of the warrior ethos as it exists today.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2322", "words": "8007", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Gospels Draw Us Further: A Just Peace Ethic", "date": "2018", "keywords": "catholic; church; conflict; ethic; francis; isis; jesus; justice; mccarthy; nonviolent; peace; people; pope; resistance; u.s; violence; war; way", "summary": "Likewise, Lisa Sowle Cahill The Gospels Draw Us Further: A Just Peace Ethic 88 describes such developments, \u201ccombined with the continued scourge\u201d of war and violence, as ultimately opening \u201cthe door to \u2018just peace\u2019 as a more adequate way to respond to military and societal violence than the application of just war theory, both from a Christian and from a political or humanistic standpoint. Even Hugo Grotius acknowledged that \u201cjust war theory contributes to the likelihood and ferocity of war\u201d (19).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2323", "words": "8326", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Must the \"Violent Bear It Away\"? A Restorative Critique of Just War", "date": "2018", "keywords": "childress; christian; duties; facie; facie duties; framework; good; justice; pacifism; peace; prima; prima facie; rights; tradition; violence; war", "summary": "Or, as Michael Walzer urges, is war still a \u201crule-governed activity, a world of permissions and prohibitions\u2014a moral world,\u201d even \u201cin the midst of hell\u201d?4 The norms of just war, after all, remain a stubborn inheritance, an \u201coverlapping consensus\u201d of permissions and prohibitions enshrined in international positive law, i.e., the Geneva Conventions and Protocols.5 Critics like James Turner Johnson and George Weigel object that the prima facie duty or presumption against war is \u201cis radically at odds with the classical idea of just war,\u201d displacing the original and proper presumption against injustice.16 Lisa Cahill takes the opposite tack, arguing that \u201cto phrase the prohibition against war as a \u2018presumption\u2019 is already to contemplate the inevitability of exceptions.\u201d17", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2324", "words": "5885", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "none", "title": "Our Vocation Is Peacebuilding (Construo pacem est nostra vocatione)", "date": "2018", "keywords": "catholic; church; conflict; ethics; new; nonviolence; peacebuilding; synod; teaching; vocation; war; world", "summary": "Finally, perhaps the major gap is that the practice of Catholic peacebuilding is so rare. In addressing what is distinctive about Catholic peacebuilding, a synod would have to avoid any hint of triumphalism, exclusivity, or parochialism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2325", "words": "7441", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Why I Shall Continue to Use and Teach Just War Theory", "date": "2018", "keywords": "appeal; catholic; christian; council; criteria; force; michel; new; nonviolence; peace; tobias; use; war; war theory; winright", "summary": "I then conclude with an autobiographical account of why I will continue to teach just war theory, and I propose \u201cintegral peace\u201d as an ethical framework that encompasses not only \u201cactive 143 Winright nonviolence on the road to just peace\u201d (to use the language of the Appeal) but also the moral reasoning traditionally referred to as just war theory.4 Not the First to Do So: Antecedent Calls to Reconsider Just War This is not the first time that just war theory has been called into question by Catholics, including over the last century or so, particularly in connection with modern, total warfare. Hence, for the editorial, the possibility of just war is much narrower and limited\u2014but nonetheless still a possibility, even as the editorial asserts that there has been \u201ca development of the Christian conscience regarding the absolute immorality of war.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2351", "words": "5903", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Taking Back Philosophy -- Through Reform, not Revolution", "date": "2018", "keywords": "arts; canon; change; chapter; lctp; mainstream; norden; philosophy; van; van norden; world", "summary": "2. Nicholas Tampio, \u201cNot All Things Wise and Good Are Philosophy,\u201d Aeon September 13, 2016, https://aeon.co/ideas/not-all-things-wise-and-good-are-philosophy; Jay Garfield, Foreword to Taking Back Philosophy by Bryan Van Norden (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), xvi; Van Norden, Taking Back Philosophy, 12\u201313. Jay Garfield and Bryan Van Norden, \u201cIf Philosophy Won\u2019t Diversify, Let\u2019s Call It What It Really Is,\u201d The Stone May 11, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/opinion/if- philosophy-wont-diversify-lets-call-it-what-it-really-is.html; Van Norden 36.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2352", "words": "4895", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Less Manifesto, More Philosophy", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; manifesto; norden; philosophers; philosophy; thought; van; van norden", "summary": "There, as Van Norden notes, Scalia lampooned the majority opinion as \u201chaving descended from the disciplined legal reasoning of John Marshall and Joseph Story to the mystical aphorisms of the fortune cookie. The comments certainly did reflect an 17 Taliaferro \u00a0 animus towards non-Western philosophy (e.g., labeling Van Norden and Garfield\u2019s impetus \u201can ooshy gooshy need to pretend that all cultures are equally advanced\u201d; another asks \u201cDoes anyone want to fly in a plane built with non-Western math?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2353", "words": "5041", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Cultures of Academic Philosophy", "date": "2018", "keywords": "american; chinese; departments; norden; philosophy; purposes; taught; texts; university; van; van norden", "summary": "It is unfortunate that Van Norden doesn\u2019t mention Jullien either in this book or in the bibliography on Chinese philosophy on his webpage, for Jullien brings Chinese thinkers to bear on fundamental questions of ontology, society, and politics. In Taking Back Philosophy Van Norden does not assert (though he may well believe) that contemporary Chinese philosophy is understudied in America.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2354", "words": "6680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Professional Philosophy, \u201cDiversity,\u201d and Racist Exclusion", "date": "2018", "keywords": "american; color; diversification; diversity; justice; norden; people; philosophers; philosophy; students; van", "summary": "Some of these claims manifest in Van Norden\u2019s book, and as nonwhite Mexican-American in professional philosophy, I must admit that I am happy to see more \u201cmainstream\u201d (read \u201cwhite\u201d) philosophers willing to engage in this type of metaphilosophical debate. That being said, whereas Taking Back Philosophy poses a series of internal challenges to professional philosophy, it pales in comparison to the critical work on the diversification of philosophy done from the margins of academic philosophy, from the decolonial, Latin American, indigenous, feminist, and Africana thought of the past three decades.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2355", "words": "5174", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Globalizing Philosophy", "date": "2018", "keywords": "class; human; image; meaning; new; nietzsche; philosophers; philosophy; trans; university; wawrytko; world; york", "summary": "Microsoft Word - 5 Wawrytko.docx [Expositions 12.2 (2018) 54\u201368] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Globalizing Philosophy SANDRA A. WAWRYTKO San Diego State University One of the most important lessons I have learned from Chinese philosophy is the power of the Image, which challenges the logocentrism of Amero-eurocentric philosophies. Is this the true meaning of our multicultural endeavor?2 I heartily agree with Van Norden that Chinese philosophy, like other \u201cnon-Western\u201d philosophies, has a vital role to play in the world today, and that it has much to contribute to global culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2356", "words": "6740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "\u201cCitizens of the Universe\u201d: Bryan Van Norden and the Taking Back of Philosophy", "date": "2018", "keywords": "hermeneutics; norden; philosophers; philosophy; relativism; texts; traditions; truth; van; van norden; yoga", "summary": "So to imply, as Van Norden does, that one merely has to pick up a book on Indian philosophy and one will immediately see that this tradition is much like that of Western philosophy\u2014with which it can readily \u201cbe brought into productive dialogue\u201d\u2014is, as it stands, in need of qualification. Like Joshua\u2019s Israelite army at Jericho, Van Norden wants to destroy walls, but not in order to invade the city of a perceived enemy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2357", "words": "6780", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "Mining History", "date": "2018", "keywords": "canon; diversity; gold; history; lctp; mining; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; time; value; work; worth", "summary": "But a lot of other philosophy we consider worth our time despite, and not because of, how it is written. Even if God revealed to us the list of the thirty objectively best philosophers in history, we would still want to read all sorts of other philosophy, because diversity trumps ability.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2358", "words": "8136", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Kevin Hart, University of Virginia", "date": "2018", "keywords": "attitude; god; hart; husserl; kevin; lyu; phenomenology; philosophy; poems; poetry; reduction; revelation; way; world", "summary": "We never get past reading Plato and Aristotle, even though we would do well to read Plotinus and the Stoics more often and more deeply and so be exposed to other ways of thinking of philosophy. Bing Lyu: Professor, your previous scholarly book, Kingdoms of God (2014), is highly recommended by Choice and described as \u201ca beautifully conceived and creative work, one that presses the relationship between phenomenology and theology further and outlines potential future directions for this relationship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2359", "words": "3315", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "The Public Value of Higher Education", "date": "2018", "keywords": "american; colleges; education; mission; new; press; public; universities; university", "summary": "Some critics of higher education have followed the concerns laid out in the 2006 Spellings Commission\u2019s Report, A Test of Leadership, that finds the American workforce is increasingly ill- prepared for a globalized \u201cknowledge economy\u201d because of the marginalization of undergraduate learning in American colleges and universities.1 Works like Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses and We\u2019re Losing Our Minds: Rethinking American Higher Education confirm these fears that American higher education is not providing the requisite skills for a twenty-first-century workforce.2 According to these critics, the crisis of American higher education is its inability to deliver an education for the United States to remain competitive in a globalized economy. Books like Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities, Why Choose the Liberal Arts, and Education\u2019s End: Why Our Colleges and Universities Have Given up on the Meaning of Life defend the need of liberal education in an academic environment that is increasingly being defined by economic utility.3 Although these authors differ in their reasons as to why liberal education is essential to American higher education, they all agree that liberal education, particularly the humanities, should return to the center of colleges\u2019 and universities\u2019 curriculum\u2014a similar argument that was made more than thirty years ago in Allan Bloom\u2019s Closing the American Mind.4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2360", "words": "6624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The Character Model for the American University", "date": "2018", "keywords": "american; character; colleges; education; faculty; model; new; press; public; students; universities; university; value", "summary": "Stop Treating It Like One,\u201d Selingo criticizes higher education for promoting the economic benefits of a college degree, the mismatch between curriculum and student success, and the growth of administrative staff at the expense of faculty to make the four-year degree into an \u201cassembly line\u201d experience for students.14 For Selingo, American higher education is primarily responsible for the public seeing colleges and universities as a business that only looks out for their own interests: students are customers, faculty are employees, and alumni are financial donors. [Expositions 12.2 (2018) 132\u2013151] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 The Character Model for the American University LEE TREPANIER Saginaw Valley State University The collapse of confidence in American higher education highlights two public concerns about its value: the cost no longer outweighs its economic benefits and colleges and universities have become havens for liberal ideologues whose values are at odds with most Americans.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2361", "words": "9103", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Public Higher Education and the Responsibility to Invite Students to the Political", "date": "2018", "keywords": "american; community; democracy; education; government; ideas; identity; learning; life; lilla; new; students; university", "summary": "The article, then, raises the possibility that the problem lies with a deficiency of civic education in American schools: Public schools are failing at what the nation\u2019s founders saw as education\u2019s most basic purpose: preparing young people to be reflective citizens who would value liberty and democracy and resist the appeals of demagogues. It is not, however, quite the case that civic education has been eradicated from the realm of higher education policy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2362", "words": "5537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "none", "title": "The Political Role of the Public University", "date": "2018", "keywords": "democracy; liberal; philosophy; public; regime; state; universities; university", "summary": "Public universities, like universities generally, are therefore restricted in what they can say. In the meantime, a liberal democratic regime can offer public universities the freedom to investigate the defects of liberal democratic regimes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2363", "words": "5030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "\u201cWe\u2019ll Manage\u201d? -- European Public Universities and the Refugee Crisis", "date": "2018", "keywords": "courses; crisis; education; germany; institutions; public; refugees; society; students; switzerland; und; universities; university", "summary": "Among other services, we established a \u201cdiscovery semester,\u201d i.e., the possibility for refugee students to attend university courses during one term. After all, public universities draw on one main funding source: taxpayers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2364", "words": "3247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Hollander, Paul. From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.", "date": "2018", "keywords": "century; hollander; intellectuals; lilla; new; regimes; tyranny", "summary": "Hollander here discusses a phenomenon that characterized the relationship of many intellectuals to both Stalin\u2019s USSR and Mao\u2019s China: the indifference to evidence that might run counter to one\u2019s intellectual or political commitments. From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2431", "words": "5892", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "Divico in Oil and Metal: Caesar and the Helvetians in Nineteenth-Century Swiss Painting and Contemporary Folk-Death Metal", "date": "2019", "keywords": "caesar; century; divico; eluveitie; gallic; glanzmann; gleyre; helvetians; les; metal; romains; swiss; wars", "summary": "Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Divico in Oil and Metal: Caesar and the Helvetians in Nineteenth-Century Swiss Painting and Contemporary Folk-Death Metal CHRISTOPHER M. MCDONOUGH The University of the South \u201cNeedless cruelty and bloodshed at times stained his conduct, but these cannot obscure the greatness of his personality or essentially alter the measure of his achievements\u201d (Bennett xiii). As their viewpoint has no ancient literary account and no standard edition, however, how the Helvetians felt about Caesar can never be recovered.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2432", "words": "641", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "none", "title": "Editor\u2019s Introduction", "date": "2019", "keywords": "business; profit", "summary": "The March 2019 conference hosted by King\u2019s College on \u201cThe Horizons of Business Education\u201d had a threefold purpose: first, to come to a greater understanding both of non-profits and of social entrepreneurship; second, to learn about initiatives to prepare business students for the possibility of jobs and careers in non-profit organizations and as social entrepreneurs; and third, to learn about non-profits and social entrepreneurs currently making a difference in northeastern Pennsylvania and beyond.1 Expositions publishes two papers from this conference. 19 Prusak The second paper, by Nicholas Santos, S.J., Assistant Professor of Marketing at Marquette University, focuses on the paradigm of business education now dominant in the United States.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2433", "words": "3528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "none", "title": "Integrating Non-Profit Leadership and Social Entrepreneurship into Catholic Business Education", "date": "2019", "keywords": "april; business; catholic; education; entrepreneurship; leadership; profit; schools; social; university", "summary": "While a number of business schools are influenced by these two factors in opting for non-profit leadership or social entrepreneurship programs, I think that Catholic business schools should consider these as opportunities for redefining traditional business education rather than just following the pack in starting programs or degrees in non-profit leadership and/or social entrepreneurship. [Expositions 13.1 (2019) 20\u201330] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Integrating Non-Profit Leadership and Social Entrepreneurship into Catholic Business Education NICHOLAS J.C. SANTOS, S.J. Marquette University Here is the Twitter version of my thesis: If Catholic business schools are to prepare their students for careers in non-profit and social entrepreneurial organizations as well as for-profit organizations, it will result in Catholic business education becoming more Catholic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2434", "words": "5537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "The Return on Investment of a Non-Profit Career", "date": "2019", "keywords": "anera; business; employees; job; leadership; new; non; profit; servant; staff; students; work; world; years", "summary": "Regardless of employee age, non-profit employees note greater contentment in their posts than their confr\u00e8res in business. Recommendations for the future First and foremost, I highly recommend non-profit jobs as a means of discovering unparalleled satisfaction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2435", "words": "8020", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Creativity and Cleverness within Discipline in the Study of Man and the Study of Happiness", "date": "2019", "keywords": "aquinas; boettke; choice; conversation; discipline; economics; economy; happiness; hirschfeld; person; problems; theology; view", "summary": "Economics, as a social science, is not primarily concerned with \u201callocation\u201d so much as \u201cexchange relationships\u201d and the institutions within which exchange takes place.6 Much of Hirschfeld\u2019s rightful criticisms of textbook economics stem from this conflation in some presentations of the subject. This undue emphasis on measurable objectives over richer qualities also influences the economists\u2019 obsession with economic growth.15 Hirschfeld asks: \u201cWe will always be infinitely far from satiety, so what sort of good does economic growth actually achieve?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2436", "words": "5959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "The Utopianism of the Obvious", "date": "2019", "keywords": "aquinas; economics; economy; god; good; happiness; hirschfeld; life; money; people", "summary": "Hirschfeld\u2019s book does a masterful job of clearing away the distortions that mainstream economics has introduced to the way that we think about the basic mechanisms of human choice and recovering a richer, saner, and more common sense picture of human desire. I picked up Hirschfeld\u2019s first book, then, with great anticipation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2437", "words": "5151", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Humanizing Economics Theologically", "date": "2019", "keywords": "apple; economics; hirschfeld; reasoning; tanner; theology; thomas; work", "summary": "It is a splendid work, the best book on theological economics available in English. Tanner\u2019s and Hirschfeld\u2019s works offer similarities and contrasts that should be the state of the question for theological economics today.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2438", "words": "8044", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "none", "title": "Of the Coming of John: W.E.B. Du Bois, Lohengrin, and the Marriage Function of Truth", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bois; du bois; henderson; jennie; john; john jones; jones; judge; lohengrin; narrator; peggy; w.e.b; white", "summary": "Imagining John Jones and John Henderson as blood-brothers gives us another angle from which to appreciate the symbolic value Du Bois ascribes to Lohengrin in \u201cOf the Coming of John.\u201d The fact that John Jones hums that hymn of Faith in advance of his suicide is Du Bois\u2019s way of suggesting that John has found that Something worth trusting in, that something worth dying for.6 In the famous conclusion of Chapter 6, \u201cOf the Training of Black Men,\u201d Du Bois provides what I think is a compelling rationale for that faith.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2439", "words": "3530", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Tracking Failures, Imagining Alternatives: Du Bois and the Myth of Guaranteed Progress", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bois; brown; du bois; failure; new; progress", "summary": "[Expositions 13.1 (2019) 112\u2013120] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Tracking Failures, Imagining Alternatives: Du Bois and the Myth of Guaranteed Progress THEODRA BANE Villanova University Much of what surrounds contemporary controversies along the color line\u2014the central problem of the twentieth century according to W.E.B. Du Bois\u2014in the popular rhetoric and imaginary is the inexplicability of the problem\u2019s resurgence today after over 50 years of Civil Rights \u201cvictories\u201d and demonstrative \u201csocial progress.\u201d Both within and without the academy, the thoughts of W.E.B. Du Bois prove fruitful in combatting the myth of guaranteed progress, or the promise of social evolutionary advancement through understanding alone.1 In this brief analysis, I argue that one of the most important legacies left to us by Du Bois is his practice of shifting the litmus of understanding from a reliance on a progressive guarantee to the necessity of ongoing struggle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2440", "words": "17442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "A Return to W.E.B. Du Bois\u2019s \"A Conservation of Races\"", "date": "2019", "keywords": "address; american; american negro; assimilation; black; conservation; crummell; differences; du bois; future; history; ideals; identity; negro; negro race; people; question; race; section; w.e.b", "summary": "Beginning one\u2019s reading of \u201cConservation\u201d at the point where Du Bois defines race is an unsuitable place to commence an analysis.15 Furthermore, race is not defined until after history is introduced as a plausible explanation for racial differences. For Du Bois nations are formed first by their racial identity and common blood, and then by their common history, laws, religion, habits of thought, conscious striving and ideals of life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2482", "words": "1894", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "none", "title": "Introduction", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catholic; church; nonviolence; peace; teaching; war", "summary": "In this context, the authors will address some of the arguments raised about supporting just war, which has been an area of recent focus for some scholars in Expositions and elsewhere.10 Others, such as Cardinal Turkson, have argued that the development of understanding and practices of nonviolence may be distracted or obscured by the ongoing commitment to just war in the Catholic community, even when that is not the stated intention.11 There are also significant questions about the consistency of just war with Jesus\u2019s way, how just war has primarily functioned to justify or enable war, how it has been an inadequate or ineffective constraint on war, how it still gets us stuck in vicious cycles of violence even when war appears just, and how it has failed to form us, particularly as peacemakers.12 For example, in 2017, Bishop McElroy said that the just war principles have \u201cbecome only a little bit less than a green light\u201d for war, and that the Church must \u201crecognize the The Future of Nonviolence in Catholic Social Teaching 4 \u00a0 increasing incapacity of the just war tradition to be an effective constraint on warfare in the modern age. Nearly 66 million people are displaced by war and violence, which comes out to one in every 113 people, with children making up half of all refugees.3 The Yemen war has killed over 100,000 civilians plus one person every hour dying from cholera,4 not to mention wars in South Sudan, Libya, DRC, Somalia, etc.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2483", "words": "6855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "none", "title": "Renewing Catholicism: Toward Recommitting to Gospel Nonviolence throughout the Roman Catholic Church", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catholic; church; god; gospel; gospel nonviolence; jesus; life; nonviolence; peace; war; way; world", "summary": "\uf0b7 Engender numerous initiatives within the Church, including, for example, language in the Catechism affirming the centrality of nonviolence; the proclamation of a Holy Year of Nonviolence; and a call for a global formation process rooted in Gospel nonviolence. \u2013Fr. Emmanuel Katongole, Uganda1 Introduction Jesus proclaimed a universal ethic of nonviolence rejecting violence and killing, returning good for evil, healing divisions, and putting sacrificial love into action for a just, peaceful, and reconciled world.2 In its first three centuries, the Roman Catholic Church publicly practiced the nonviolence that Jesus taught and lived, and since then the spirit of Gospel nonviolence has been kept alive by particular individuals, communities and movements within the Church.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2484", "words": "6817", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "none", "title": "The Realism Objection to Setting Aside Just War Theory: A Response", "date": "2020", "keywords": "alternatives; catholic; cochran; conflict; international; john; new; nonviolent; order; paul; peace; pope; press; violence; war; wars; world", "summary": "For them, \u201cEven if the case for just war is rare, such cases still occur. 3. Peter Steinfels, \u201cThe War Against Just War: Enough Already,\u201d Commonweal June 16, 2017, https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/war-against-just-war. 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2485", "words": "3461", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "War: Reversing the Works of Mercy", "date": "2020", "keywords": "gulf; iraq; love; mercy; people; u.s; war; water; works", "summary": "Yet by January 16, 1991, the world was at war. The admonition of the U.S. bishops in the peace pastoral of 1983 called for Catholics to view war \u201cwith an entirely new attitude.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2486", "words": "9026", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Nonviolence: The Witness of a Church of Mercy", "date": "2020", "keywords": "church; francis; gandhi; god; life; love; means; mercy; nonviolence; peace; pope; pope francis; truth; way", "summary": "That Pope Francis instituted an \u201cextraordinary Jubilee of Mercy\u201d points to the significance of mercy for commemorating the event that was Vatican II, which marked \u201ca new phase\u201d in the Church\u2019s history and \u201ca new way\u201d of proclaiming the gospel.14 Like other Jubilee Years in the Church\u2019s history, they are meant to be a time of pardon, of remission of penalties, of interrupting cycles of injustice and violence, so that persons and communities can heal relationships with one another and with God. Nonviolence as the Means of Mercy Throughout this essay I have attempted to weave together mercy and active nonviolence using texts primarily drawn from Pope Francis and the life of the Church.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2487", "words": "6907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Nonviolence as a Tradition of Moral Praxis", "date": "2020", "keywords": "argument; catholic; jesus; macintyre; new; nonviolence; praxis; press; social; teaching; tradition; university; war; war tradition", "summary": "Rather, as many have argued across the theological, philosophical, and political spectrum, what we are left with are traditions of reasoned inquiry. First, I explain more fully what I mean by tradition by engaging the work of moral philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre, social theorist Pierre Bourdieu, and theologian Kathryn Tanner.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2488", "words": "6519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "Nonviolence: Building Gospel-based Communities Addressing Situations of Violence Today", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catholic; community; god; gospel; jesus; love; luke; matthew; nonviolence; peace; teaching; vulnerable; war", "summary": "In this article, I will reflect on the Gospel basis for nonviolence and Catholic social teaching, the central and essential teaching of the church, based in the life and words of Jesus. With the context of the Beatitudes as the overall program, I will examine each of the seven principles of Catholic social teaching articulated by the USCCB4 and then give a few examples of both the teaching and actions of Jesus which exemplify that principle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2489", "words": "9133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "none", "title": "Catholic Nonviolence: Transforming Military Institutions", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catholic; church; civilian; conflict; defense; ethic; genocide; institutions; international; mccarthy; military; nonviolent; peace; people; protection; rwandan; violence; war", "summary": "There appears to be considerable agreement about this, even from perspectives that still uphold the just war concept.47 However, some of these same supporters have gone so far to claim that I and others fail to see how just war theory has been used to argue against war and to restrain war.48 They further suggest that since it has been used in this way, then this legitimates the ongoing use and refinement of just war theories. Others have suggested that I claim anyone who uses just war theories to assess war are trying to \u201cprepare\u201d for or \u201cseek a just war.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2490", "words": "5529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "What Will It Take: Learning from Pope Francis\u2019s Peacebuilding Pedagogy", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catholic; christian; church; francis; mount; nonviolence; peace; pope; sermon; theory; war", "summary": "At various points throughout the document Pope Francis argues for active nonviolence by citing cycles of violence and the need to escape them. But while Catholic proponents of active nonviolence have already been doing all of these things themselves, Francis also challenges them with additional points of agenda: (4) He sends a clear signal that any Church-wide reception of gospel nonviolence will require more than Learning from Pope Francis\u2019s Peacebuilding Pedagogy 138 critique of the just war theory, but must positively fill the space that just war theory has historically intended to fill.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2491", "words": "7869", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "none", "title": "Pope Francis, Nonviolence, and Catholic Teaching on War", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catholic; christian; church; francis; john; nonviolence; paul; peace; pope; pope john; teaching; war", "summary": "Conclusion This paper has explored some of the history of Catholic teaching on war, including the nonviolent ethos of Jesus and the early Church, the subsequent development of just war teaching, and the critical rethinking concerning war that has taken place since Vatican II. In general, though, studies have shown that mass nonviolent action has succeeded in ending repressive regimes more often, more quickly, and with less loss of life than attempts at ending such regimes through violence.60 It should also be noted that those who emphasize a more restrictive version of just war as being preferable to a principled embrace of nonviolence can themselves be criticized for naivety in thinking that such a restrictive version of just war will ever have widespread influence within Church or society and be able to fundamentally impact concrete action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2521", "words": "2880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "After \u201cMorality\u201d: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Teaching of Ethics", "date": "2020", "keywords": "conflicts; ethics; ibid; macintyre; modernity; morality; philosophy", "summary": "The upshot is that it is perhaps fitting that the Notre Dame committee After \u201cMorality\u201d: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Teaching of Ethics 2 charged with examining ethics in the curriculum, though it did not argue for a required course, concluded by indicating ambivalence.6 This iteration of the forum \u201cEthics in Focus\u201d takes as its subject the relevance of MacIntyre\u2019s work to the teaching of ethics to college students (and, in one instance, medical students). Readers should go to Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity to decide for themselves whether they find persuasive MacIntyre\u2019s account of the \u201cstructuring of desires\u201d by what he terms the ethics-of- After \u201cMorality\u201d: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Teaching of Ethics 4 the-state, the ethics-of-the-market (both \u201cparodies of ethics\u201d), and Morality.21 Suffice it to say here that MacIntyre himself finds expressivism \u201cconvincing\u201d about Morality: \u201ceach contending party\u2019s Moral judgments give expression to underlying prerational commitments, to attitudes and sentiments that find expression in the unargued premises of [the parties\u2019] arguments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2522", "words": "9899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "On Being Quite a Few Things to Quite a Few People: Ethics Pedagogy as Stratified, Personal, Utopian Nudging", "date": "2020", "keywords": "comte; course; education; ethics; freud; good; life; love; macintyre; morality; pedagogy; people; sponville; students; teacher; university; virtues", "summary": "MacIntyre, \u201cAlasdair MacIntyre on Education: MacIntyre, \u201cAlasdair MacIntyre on Education:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2523", "words": "7282", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "none", "title": "Moral Education in the Classroom: A Lived Experiment", "date": "2020", "keywords": "approach; character; course; ethics; exercise; good; life; macintyre; practice; self; students; university; virtue", "summary": "[Expositions 14.1 (2020) 34\u201350] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Moral Education in the Classroom: A Lived Experiment REBECCA KONYNDYK DEYOUNG Calvin University [I]t is perhaps the principal task of the political and moral theorist to enable rational agents to learn what they need to learn from the social and cultural tradition that they inherit, while becoming able to put in question that particular tradition\u2019s distortions and errors and so, often enough, engaging in a quarrel with some dominant forms of their own political moral culture.1 What would a course on ethics look like if it took into account Alasdair MacIntyre\u2019s concerns about actually teaching students ethical practices? As a last point of objection, (e) moral judgment and choice cannot be captured in or taught as technique to be applied by just anyone (e.g., just any college undergraduate), regardless of moral character or experience.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2524", "words": "4781", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "Forming Moral Agents in Bioethics Education \u201cafter Morality\u201d", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bioethics; care; clinicians; education; ethics; goods; health; macintyre; medicine; patients; physician; practice", "summary": "So the student of medical ethics turns to moral philosophy.32 He goes on to describe the failures of moral philosophy to respond to this kind of dilemma, and he concludes that good ethics education needs to form the moral character of the person so that she is equipped to respond to whatever comes her way.33 Not only is every medical ethics case different depending on particularities of the situation, but the kinds of quandaries that arise are often completely unpredictable. Another way that ethics education in health care can improve is through a commitment not only to teaching students about virtue ethics (as most textbooks in medical ethics do), but also to fostering their growth in virtue.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2525", "words": "4715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "The Story Is the Point: Alasdair MacIntyre, Reading Literature, and Teaching Ethics", "date": "2020", "keywords": "actions; berry; ethics; ibid; life; literature; macintyre; membership; stories", "summary": "My account will be based on my regard for three important strands of MacIntyre\u2019s work: first, his insistence that every ethic presupposes a sociology, which is to say, a particular set of normative social arrangements; second, the emphasis in his work on the significance of exemplars, practices, and apprenticeship in moral formation; and third, his longstanding attention to the significance of narrative in human life. Instead, narrative \u201cworks\u201d as a mode of characterizing the actions of others because human lives are lived narratives.40 To say that a human life is a lived narrative, with a beginning, a middle, and an end, is to say that we are not simply actors in our life stories, but the authors of those stories, as well.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2526", "words": "4040", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Teach the Stories, not the Debates: On MacIntyre\u2019s Suggestion to Use Novels to Teach Ethics", "date": "2020", "keywords": "course; debates; ethics; macintyre; novels; students", "summary": "And certainly any novel that will develop the kind of moral outlook MacIntyre promotes will present the challenge of needing to understand what character traits allow the characters to understand and respond well to the 81 Rodgers problems of their own situation, and how the reader herself might cultivate those same traits in herself. And in both Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity and After Virtue, MacIntyre points to Sartre\u2019s La Naus\u00e9e as an example of a novel whose primary import is precisely to undermine the points about narrative MacIntyre is keen to stress.13 Nor will it do to advance the familiar argument that novels (or fictions generally, including short stories, films, etc.) serve well in an introductory capacity for ethics and other philosophy subjects, since they are accessible entry points.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2527", "words": "4087", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Desire, Conflict, and Tradition in Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity", "date": "2020", "keywords": "conflict; desire; ethics; good; liberalism; macintyre; modernity; tradition", "summary": "See John Horton and Susan Mendus, \u201cAlasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and After,\u201d in After MacIntyre: Critical Perspectives on the Work of Alasdair MacIntyre, eds. For an important interpretation of MacIntyre as a thinker more in need of Marx for sustained inquiry about justice than he knows, see Jeffery Nicholas, \u201cAlasdair MacIntyre and Utopia: An Introduction,\u201d International Critical Thought 9.3 (2019): 411\u2013419. 29.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2528", "words": "11212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Whose Revolution? Which Future? The Legacy of Alasdair MacIntyre for a Radical Pedagogy in Virtue", "date": "2020", "keywords": "alasdair macintyre; capitalism; communities; community; economic; ethics; freire; hume; ibid; life; macintyre; modernity; new; pedagogy; practice; society; theory; university; virtue; way", "summary": "On the cusp of the socio- cultural fragmentation detailed above, MacIntyre boldly named the already-unfolding The Legacy of Alasdair MacIntyre for a Radical Pedagogy in Virtue 100 fragmentation underlying an emergent cultural reality: the irresolvability of moral disputes. MacIntyre notes how radically Hume\u2019s account differed from the account of morality that had held for centuries, in which human virtue and flourishing were deeply interwoven with both individual and common goods necessarily achieved through specific social roles, the local political order, and contextual relationships.39 Such a position continued to be held by many The Legacy of Alasdair MacIntyre for a Radical Pedagogy in Virtue 104 in Hume\u2019s context, particularly by those in different social classes, who accounted very differently for desires, sentiments, and more importantly goods.40 What is more, MacIntyre unveils Hume\u2019s subtle bias toward wealth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2762", "words": "10080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Nielsen, Cynthia", "title": "Alcibiades on Socrates\u2019s Silenic Ways: A Gadamerian-Inflected Hermeneutical Interrogation of Socrates as a Dialogue Partner", "date": "2023", "keywords": "alcibiades; dialogue; diotima; eros; example; experience; gadamer; human; life; plato; socrates; symposium; way; ways", "summary": "That is, he is neither a noble, courageous warrior like Achilles, nor a clever statesman like Nestor.36 Socrates has no place within this schema; thus, he is a-topos and more like the not- human or even the monstrous\u2014the Sileni.37 To explore additional dimensions of Socrates as atopos, let us turn to Socrates\u2019s conjured mouthpiece, Diotima.38 In Diotima\u2019s retelling of the myth of Eros, we have a presentation of Eros that emphasizes both its lack or poverty (Penia) and its wealth (Poros)\u2014that is, the wholeness, even if fleeting, it provides when one experiences it. It was precisely here that Agathon called Socrates hybrist\u00eas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2763", "words": "9626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Bergman, Roger", "title": "You Say Tertullian, I Say Augustine: An Essay on Intra-Catholic Dialogue on War, Peace, and Justice", "date": "2023", "keywords": "catholic; christian; church; enemies; expositions; ibid; jesus; john; justice; love; military; new; nonviolence; peace; resistance; tradition; war", "summary": "Sniegocki also (unknowingly) gives a nod to the project of my book: \u201csupport for refusal to participate [in unjust wars], however, must be an integral part of any serious 41 Bergman application of just war principles, which include the firm moral obligation not to serve in wars that do not meet strict just war criteria. It seems surprising that in more than two dozen references to loving enemies, only Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, and (very briefly) Irenaeus and Lactantius draw any explicit connection between loving enemies and war.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2764", "words": "6771", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Carpenter, Kaley M.", "title": "What Colleges Can Learn from Covid-19: A Conversation with Ted Dintersmith", "date": "2023", "keywords": "carpenter; college; dintersmith; education; history; kids; school; students; ted; way; world", "summary": "Supposing we gave academic credit to college students who can\u2019t be on campus for finding children in their community who are desperate for instruction. Dintersmith 60 Ted Dintersmith: I\u2019m a big supporter of a different way to apply to colleges, called the Coalition for Access, and in theory it looks at real examples of student work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2765", "words": "1356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Squires, Stuart", "title": "Clements, Niki Kasumi. Sites of the Ascetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. 288 pages. $65.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978\u20130\u2013268\u201310785\u20137.", "date": "2023", "keywords": "cassian; formation; life; practices", "summary": "Cassian offered the dietary practices of the Egyptian monks as models for monastic practice in Gaul. Sites of the Ascetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2766", "words": "3156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Alexander, Alexios", "title": "Frazer, Elizabeth, and Kimberly Hutchings. Violence and Political Theory. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2020. 224 pages. $22.95 (paper). ISBN: 978\u20131\u2013509\u201353672\u20136.", "date": "2023", "keywords": "authors; frazer; hutchings; politics; theory; violence", "summary": "Moreover, not only do these \u201cslippages between accounts of political violence and discourses on war and gender do a great deal of legitimating work, they are also key to political theorists\u2019 failure to engage fully with conditions and practices of violence\u201d (6). Frazer and Hutchings assert that, in their view, \u201cfeminist reflections on political violence, through debates on pacifism and war, push to its limits the political theory repertoire for thinking about the relation between politics and violence\u201d (175).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-2767", "words": "2323", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Schlauraff, Kristie", "title": "Ngai, Sianne. Theory of the Gimmick: Aesthetic Judgment and Capitalist Form. Cambridge, MA, and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. 416 pages. $35.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978\u20130\u2013674\u201398454\u20137.", "date": "2023", "keywords": "capitalism; chapter; gimmick; labor; ngai", "summary": "Ngai\u2019s sweeping account of gimmicks in literature, horror films, photography, digital installation art, and advertising, among other things, captures the pervasiveness of an aesthetic category that raises significant questions about how capitalism structures our social interactions and how much longer we can (or should) sustain an economic system that renders certain lives disposable. What this example ultimately does is force readers to confront their own complicity in a system the excludes certain individuals from social protection; those who lack social and political power are more vulnerable to gimmicks, not because their aesthetic judgments are less refined or nuanced, but because they often have to subscribe to or utilize gimmicks as a means of survival, as Ngai points out not only in this chapter but also in her introduction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-405", "words": "419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Preface", "date": "2010", "keywords": "expositions; journal", "summary": "1747-5376 Editors\u2019 Preface John A. Doody, Gregory Hoskins, John Paul Spiro With the publication of Vol. 4, Nos. 1 and 2, we mark the successful transition of Expositions from a print publication to an on-line journal. In this volume and those to come, readers will find the features that have helped define us \u2013 Overheard in the Academy, Academic Roundtable, Notes & Insights \u2013 as well as new features, such as Interviews.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-406", "words": "1096", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "none", "title": "Yeshiva, Thirty Years Later", "date": "2010", "keywords": "faculty; majority; university; yeshiva", "summary": "[Expositions 4.1&2 (2010) 1-3] Expositions ISSN: 1747\u20135376 Yeshiva, Thirty Years Later BERNARD G. PRUSAK Center for Liberal Education Villanova University Thirty years ago, the United States Supreme Court decided, by a vote of 5 to 4, that the full-time faculty of Yeshiva University should be categorized as \u201cmanagerial employees\u201d and, as such, excluded from the benefits of collective bargaining under the National Labor Relations Act. The majority opinion in what has come to be known as the Yeshiva decision noted that \u201cthe faculty at each school [at Yeshiva University] effectively determine its curriculum, grading system, admission and matriculation standards, academic calendars, and course schedules.\u201d 1 Moreover, \u201cThe faculty at each school make recommendations to the Dean or Director in every case of faculty hiring, tenure, sabbaticals, termination, and promotion,\u201d and \u201cthe overwhelming majority of faculty recommendations are implemented.\u201d 2 These facts led the majority to reflect that, whereas \u201c[t]he [National Labor Relations] Act was intended to accommodate the type of management-employee relations that prevail in the pyramidal hierarchies of private industry,\u201d contemporary universities are in the main organized quite differently, with a \u201csystem of \u201eshared authority\u201f evolved from the medieval model of collegial decision-making, in which guilds of scholars were responsible only to themselves.\u201d 3 Given the persistence of the collegial model, the majority reasoned, Yeshiva\u201fs full-time faculty \u201cexercise authority which, in any other context, unquestionably would be managerial.\u201d 4 Since managerial employees are charged with representing management interests and so excluded from the benefits of collective bargaining under the Act, the Court\u201fs conclusion followed that full-time faculty are excluded as well.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-407", "words": "3915", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "Yeshiva, Thirty Years Later: Tension Remains", "date": "2010", "keywords": "administrators; faculty; faculty members; governance; issues; matters; members; university", "summary": "Faculty members, whose focus is on academic matters (students, teaching, research, scholarship), rightly expect administrators to support these efforts. Faculty members want support for their activities: good salaries, quality classrooms, adequate technology, a good library, funding for research and academic travel, summer support or access to summer teaching, assistance in securing grants, top-notch equipment and instrumentation, recreational and cultural amenities (the students have taught us a lesson here!), and so on.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-408", "words": "7689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "none", "title": "Whither Traditional Catholic Institutions?", "date": "2010", "keywords": "academic; american; bishops; campus; cases; catholic; education; faculty; identity; institutions; issues; students; theology; universities; university", "summary": "20 He correctly pointed out that in the late 1960s leaders at Catholic institutions did not think carefully enough about how they would preserve their institutional identities with the implementation of, e.g., the famous \u201cLand O\u2019 Lakes\u201d statement. JOHN W. CARLSON Department of Philosophy Creighton University In recent years, concerns about \u201cidentity\u201d have increasingly arisen at what may be called traditional Catholic institutions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-409", "words": "2799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "none", "title": "Serf or Savior? The Struggle For Equity on Behalf of Adjunct Faculty", "date": "2010", "keywords": "adjuncts; education; faculty; students; tenure; time; universities; university", "summary": "The Struggle for Equity on Behalf of Adjunct Faculty JEANNE BRODY Program in Art History Villanova University The status of university faculty variously designated as Adjuncts, Part-timers, Lecturers, or Instructors is unquestionably connected to the notion of collegiality on today\u201fs campus. The question to ask in 2010 is this: Should adjunct faculty, many of whom hold terminal degrees, who have a lifetime of experience after having taught semester after semester at the same institution, and who contribute to the strength of the programs in which they teach, be considered primarily as cost-savers for their university?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-410", "words": "1962", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Is Yeshiva Relevant?", "date": "2010", "keywords": "faculty; law; nlrb; rights; yeshiva", "summary": "Before Dean Mulligan got hold of the case, the law governing faculty bargaining rights approached crystal clarity, with the National Labor Relations Act clearly delineating those rights for \u201cprofessional employees.\u201d Instead, today, private institutions with a religious affiliation rely on defenses based in the claim that faculty employees at \u201creligious institutions\u201d are excluded from NLRA protections.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-411", "words": "4088", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "none", "title": "John Lukacs", "date": "2010", "keywords": "chestnut; college; hill; history; lukacs; people", "summary": "This leads me to the principle you\u2019ve also established, and I hope it is in The Future of History, that history is about the words the historian uses. But I was thinking about history writing and I offered this to the substitute woman at Yale, and she was interested.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-412", "words": "9798", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "none", "title": "Avignon vs. Rome: Dante, Petrarch, Catherine of Siena", "date": "2010", "keywords": "avignon; babylon; book; catherine; century; christian; church; city; curia; dante; dante\u201fs; empire; french; italy; letter; new; papacy; petrarch; place; popes; roman; rome; siena; studies", "summary": "J. E. Wrigley is not convinced that the papacy\u201fs return to Rome was a cause of the Schism: \u201cP\u00e9trarque, Avignon et Rome: une interpr\u00e9tation,\u201d in Gen\u00e8se et d\u00e9buts du Grand Schisme d\u201fOccident, Avignon, 25\u20138 sept. 1978. While he seems not to have given much thought to what a post-Avignon Roman Church would look like, Petrarch views the two cities \u2013 classical Rome and Christian Rome \u2013 as symbiotic and complementary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-413", "words": "8869", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "none", "title": "Gods and Friends: C. S. Lewis on Divinization", "date": "2010", "keywords": "christ; christian; christianity; divinization; friends; friendship; god; gods; letters; lewis; lewis\u201fs; life; love; man; nature; new", "summary": "First, when Lewis speaks of salvation and heaven, as he so often does, not only does he figure it as redemption, perfect happiness, \u201cunion with God,\u201d 2 and many other oft-used images, but also as divinization, 3 being made a god, the \u201cblessed participation in [God\u201fs] Life by a created spirit,\u201d 4 and other traditional though far less common metaphors. Determined to make as much sense of \u201cbecoming God\u201d as can be made, Lewis tackles head-on the question which most obviously arises in response to the promise of sharing in God\u201fs life: how?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-414", "words": "3791", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "none", "title": "Of Virgins and Vampires: Twilight and the Issues of Beauty and Soul", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bella; edward; human; meyer; soul; vampire", "summary": "8 Telling Bella his life story, Edward clarifies that though human memories fade, he can \u201cremember how it felt\u201d (287) to be saved. Feeling the desires of and pressures on young women today, Bella has looming insecurities that are resolved only through her attachment to Edward and mark a focus on the physical side of life, culminating in the price she willingly pays for beauty and eternal love: her soul.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-415", "words": "499", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Introduction to the Academic Roundtable", "date": "2010", "keywords": "milbank; \u017ei\u017eek", "summary": "Slavoj \u017di\u017eek and John Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? I don\u201ft know for reasons I\u201fve been trying to explore for years and years.\u201d 1 Readers of the recent encounter between the Lacanian neo-Marxist, Slovenian philosopher Slavoj \u017di\u017eek and the \u201cRadical Orthodox,\u201d Anglo-Catholic theologian John Milbank, orchestrated and edited by Creston Davis and published under the titled The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? 2 cannot help but feel that a figure like Derrida, with his scruples and gentle, civil demeanor would be quite out of place among such robust protagonists.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-416", "words": "3295", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "The Monstrosity of Protestantism", "date": "2010", "keywords": "death; god; history; milbank; theology; way; \u017ei\u017eek", "summary": "Slavoj \u017di\u017eek and John Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? By Slavoj \u017di\u017eek and John Milbank, ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-417", "words": "5221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "none", "title": "To Enchant or Disenchant? A Plea for Ambiguity in the Contrasting Musical Ontologies of Slavoj \u017di\u017eek and John Milbank", "date": "2010", "keywords": "christ; god; hegel; milbank; milbank\u201fs; modern; ontology; religion; sense; \u017ei\u017eek", "summary": "1 Indeed, the pairing of \u017di\u017eek and Milbank in this co-authored volume seems wholly fitting, almost inevitable, if at times insufferable. To follow such a path is, \u017di\u017eek argues, to opt for a direction diametrically opposed from the one Milbank would lead us on.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-418", "words": "5177", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "The Faith of Job and the Recovery of Christian Atheism", "date": "2010", "keywords": "atheism; christ; faith; god; job; ricoeur; \u017ei\u017eek", "summary": "But even if we don\u201ft do this, it remains possible to stick to \u017di\u017eek\u201fs basic insight, to be found in On Belief, that \u201cWhen I, a human being, experience myself as cut off from God, at that very moment of utmost abjection, I am absolutely close to God, since I find myself in the position of the abandoned Christ.\u201d 24 Thus, to conclude: The Monstrosity of Christ is a great opportunity for its readers to (re)discover the suffering and weak God at the heart of Christianity. Here, the figure of Job is introduced as witnessing to a crisis, the crisis caused by what Ricoeur The Faith of Job and the Recovery of Christian Atheism 106 designates as \u201cthe hypersubjective reality of sin,\u201d the fact that \u201cmy sin [is conceived to be] within the absolute sight (regard) of God\u201d (84).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-419", "words": "4839", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Monstrosity Exhibition", "date": "2010", "keywords": "christianity; death; god; milbank; resurrection; time; \u017ei\u017eek", "summary": "The lesson of Christ\u201fs life and death is that God becomes human and dies, really dies, and does not continue to exist. And we eat them, out of cans or otherwise; we are eaters of death, dead Christ-flesh resurrecting inside us, granting us life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-420", "words": "2540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Missed Encounter, Missed Opportunity", "date": "2010", "keywords": "milbank; reading; theology; \u017ei\u017eek; \u017ei\u017eek\u2018s", "summary": "As the author of a book entitled \u017di\u017eek and Theology, I have a special stake in this book. I\u2018ll begin by discussing why I found the first two pieces by \u017di\u017eek and Milbank, respectively, to be a chore.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-421", "words": "2402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Alexander Nagel and Christopher S. Wood, Anachronic Renaissance. New York: Zone Books, 2010. 455 pp. $39.95.", "date": "2010", "keywords": "hobbes; nagel; renaissance; ship; substitution; wood", "summary": "The brilliance of this book is its dedication to the careful unfolding of substitutional thinking, and to its eventual erosion as a mode for understanding not only time but also material works. The authors contextualize material substitution within a famous reading of medieval typology of the figura by Erich Auerbach, in which a historical event in the present is absorbed and understood in relation to a historical event in the past, both legitimizing each other as events within the Christological understanding of time that will only be fulfilled by Christ\u2019s parousia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-422", "words": "2854", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "none", "title": "Kearney, Richard. Anatheism: Returning to God After God. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. 272 pp. hb $29.50, ISBN 978-0-231-14788-0.Taylor, Mark C. After God. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 482 pp. pb $35.00, ISBN 978-0-226-79171-5.", "date": "2010", "keywords": "anatheism; god; kearney; religion; taylor; world", "summary": "Kearney\u2019s \u201cGod who may be\u201d and Taylor\u2019s \u201caltarity\u201d exist as infinite creative principles to the degree that they lack any determinate form. Though this antinomy is present both in Anatheism and After God, theists will find a fellow traveler in Kearney far more so than in Taylor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-423", "words": "119", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "none", "title": "Correction: Academic Roundtable on Paula Fredriksen\u2019s Augustine and the Jews: A Christian Defense of Jews and Judaism (Expositions 3.2 [2009])", "date": "2010", "keywords": "pages", "summary": "Fredriksen lists Cohen\u201fs book in her bibliography on page 440; she cites it on page 377, n. 2, and explains her disagreements with it on pages 417-418, n. 2, and pages 424-425, n. 25. [Expositions 4.1&2 (2010) 139] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Correction In her contribution, \u201cLiving, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine\u201fs \u201eJews in the Head\u201f\u201d to our last issue\u201fs Academic Roundtable on Paula Fredriksen\u201fs Augustine and the Jews: A Christian Defense of Jews and Judaism, Rebecca Winer writes that she \u201cwould have expected in [Fredriksen\u201fs] fifty pages of notes and twenty-five pages of bibliography to find [Jeremy] Cohen\u201fs Living Letters of the Laws: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity\u201d (Expositions 3.2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-47", "words": "645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "none", "title": "Editor's Preface", "date": "2007", "keywords": "expositions; issue", "summary": "Upcoming themed issues our articles in spring 2008 will be devoted to \u201cSocratic Questions.\u201d our second author, roslyn Weiss, also investigates service to others, but her focus is on philosophers rather than saints.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-48", "words": "5079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Practice and Improvise: A Christian Response to the Politics of Morality", "date": "2007", "keywords": "augustine; connolly; equinox; ltd; picture; politics; practice; publishing; responsibility", "summary": "The context of this maxim is Augustine\u2019s reflection on the proper disposition required to admonish others in The Rule of St. Augustine, translated in G. Lawless, Augustine of Hippo and His Monastic Rule, cited in Martin 2005, 182. Connolly made his case initially by attacking themes in the theological writings of Augustine of Hippo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-49", "words": "13476", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "none", "title": "The Piety of Socrates and Maimonides: Doing God's Work on Earth", "date": "2007", "keywords": "divine; equinox; god; guide; human; justice; ltd; maimonides; men; piety; publishing; socrates; torah", "summary": "For if his aim were only to differentiate the level of closeness to God attained by Moses, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob from that attainable by other men, a general statement would have sufficed; he need not have said, \u201csomeone like myself.\u201d For, on the one hand, helping others seems to go beyond the call of jus- tice: what justice ostensibly requires of people is that they refrain from harming others (see Ap. 37b\u2013c, 41d\u2013e; Crito 49a\u2013e; Rep. 1.335a\u2013e).3 yet, on the other hand, it would be difficult to think of a more fruit- ful way to serve God than by serving man.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-50", "words": "5867", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "none", "title": "Sincerity and Seduction in 'Don Giovanni'", "date": "2007", "keywords": "don; don giovanni; equinox; giovanni; ltd; mozart; music; opera; publishing; sincerity; zerlina", "summary": "In fact, Don Giovanni is the only character in the opera for whom mozart has not fashioned a characteristic style consistent with social rank.6 For Joseph Kerman, this is an element of his incomplete depiction, and to claim 182 Sincerity and Seduction in Don Giovanni \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2007 Example 5. 186 Sincerity and Seduction in Don Giovanni \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2007 opera, cursing Giovanni as a monster one moment and eager to marry him the next.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-51", "words": "11659", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Humanity at the Turning Point", "date": "2007", "keywords": "anthropology; equinox; human; humanity; landmann; ltd; nature; new; point; posthuman; publishing; self; technology; turning; turning point", "summary": "There is widespread agreement, then, on the idea that human beings are fast approaching a turning point where we may cease to exist owing to the impact of technology on human nature. The rhetorically charged trope of the posthuman, with its emphasis on a break or turning point, risks cutting us off from significant resources for understanding human nature, including the resources of philosophical anthropology, and does not advance our understanding of our current situ- ation and the current dilemmas human beings face in light of our advanc- ing technological powers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-52", "words": "2170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Islamic Philosophy from its Origins to the Present. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2006. 380 pp.", "date": "2007", "keywords": "islamic; nasr; philosophy; prophecy", "summary": "Nasr looks at Islamic philosophy from different viewpoints, and he not only writes about well known figures of Islamic thought but also provides useful information about less known figures. His emphasis on the metaphysical dimen- sion of Islamic thought is likewise important, but his scorn for non- traditionalist historians of Islamic philosophy and his assumption that certain schools of Islamic philosophy represent the criterion of being Islamic are quite open to discussion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-53", "words": "2866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "none", "title": "Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation: The Beginning of our Religious Tradition. Alfred A. Knopf. New York/Toronto, 2006. pp. 469", "date": "2007", "keywords": "age; armstrong; book; equinox; time", "summary": "The question, however, is whether the re- sulting coherent narrative is an adequate portrayal of reality, or in- stead\u2014and this appears increasingly likely as we read on\u2014Armstrong\u2019s Axial Age is a sort of a theological Procrustean bed, where the limbs of different traditions are broken by willful overstretching. In her introduction, Armstrong resorts to Jaspers\u2019 notion of an \u201cAxial Age\u201d to denote the period between 900 BCE and 200 BCE, when \u201cthe great world traditions that have continued to nourish humanity\u201d (xii) came into being.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-54", "words": "1579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "none", "title": "Kathryn Hughes, The Short Life and Long Times of Mrs. Beeton. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. $29.95 cloth", "date": "2007", "keywords": "beeton; hughes; mrs", "summary": "The Short Life and Long Times of Mrs. Beeton. In the pages of the Book of House- hold Management, Mrs. Beeton is more than happy to answer it, in a voice which remains worth reading: at once knowledgeable, reassuring, practical, and nostalgic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-55", "words": "2236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "none", "title": "Neglected Classic: Flatland", "date": "2007", "keywords": "abbott; banchoff; dimensions; flatland", "summary": "Neglected Classic: Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions 243 \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2007 The construction of Flatland society allows Abbott to foreground the disruptive power of higher dimensionality. For our first issue, we present a review of a new scholarly edi- tion of Edwin A. Abbott\u2019s \u201cFlatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions,\u201d a beguiling piece of Victorian literature that addresses the connections\u2014and conflicts\u2014between the humanities and the sciences.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-570", "words": "417", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Preface", "date": "2011", "keywords": "expositions; publication", "summary": "1747-5376 Editors\u2019 Preface John A. Doody, Gregory Hoskins, John-Paul Spiro With the publication of the previous volume we celebrated the successful transition of Expositions: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities to an on-line only publication. [Expositions 5.1 (2011)] Expositions (online)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-571", "words": "6568", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "none", "title": "Sean Carroll", "date": "2011", "keywords": "carroll; dolan; humanities; it\u201fs; people; right; science; things; time", "summary": "Science fiction, number one, absolutely is a key driver of getting young people interested in science. It was in this spirit that Dolan and Carroll discussed the connection of science to the humanities, using as a touchstone Carroll\u2019s own work and the collected writings in Science", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-572", "words": "8312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "The Problem of Stupidity in Chekhov's Three Sisters", "date": "2011", "keywords": "house; irina; life; natasha; olga; play; sisters; stupidity; time; tusenbach; work", "summary": "10 The first types of stupidity \u2013 honorable stupidity \u2013 is commonly recognized and therefore not always threatening, while the second type \u2013 intelligent stupidity \u2013 is not commonly recognized and consequently is always dangerous. Honorable stupidity is illustrated by its poverty of words and ideas, its slow comprehension of facts, and its stubborn preference for the familiar, while intelligent stupidity is distinguished by its claims to insights beyond its ability, the privileging of emotions over reason, and the ability to produce convincing rationalizations to justify its viewpoints: The higher, pretentious form of stupidity stands only too often in crass opposition to [its] honorable form.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-573", "words": "5922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Why We Read the Analects of Confucius", "date": "2011", "keywords": "analects; confucius; heaven; learning; life; person; read; way", "summary": "Accordingly, in the passage immediately following that quoted above, the Analects speak of that process as grounded in the life of the family, wherein, initially by acquiring habits of Why We Read the Analects of Confucius 32 respectful conduct toward others \u2013 first of all towards parents and then to one\u2019s siblings \u2013 one engenders traits essential to human life, whether one\u2019s own \u2013 in the self \u2013 or in others. Thus the Analects early exposition of the Way of Humaneness includes the following: Why We Read the Analects of Confucius 34", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-574", "words": "1307", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "none", "title": "Introduction to the Academic Roundtable", "date": "2011", "keywords": "chic; doll; fashion; homelessness; spring", "summary": "The impetus for the contradictory term, \u201chomeless chic,\u201d initially emerged on the scene in the spring of 2000, when designer Jo [Expositions 5.1 (2011) 41-43] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Introduction to the Academic Roundtable \u201cHomeless Chic:\u201d The Cultural Contradictions of Representations of the Homeless and of Homelessness JENNIFER JOYCE KISSKO Center for Liberal Education and the Center for Peace and Justice Education Villanova University The contradictory term \u201chomeless chic\u201d was initially employed in the spring of 2000, when designer John Galliano introduced his \u201cboho-meets-hobo chic\u201d spring-summer haute couture collection for the House of Dior in Paris. Yet despite a general reaction of shock and repulsion toward the oddity and absurdity of even the mere term \u201chomeless chic,\u201d there still lingered in the media a kind of fascination with such a contradictory and slippery concept.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-575", "words": "5116", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Public Rhetorics and Homeless Chic", "date": "2011", "keywords": "attention; chic; example; fashion; homeless; homelessness; images; looking; man; new; people; public; street", "summary": "As people in the wider public repeatedly see images of homeless people conflated with fashion objects, some people pick up on and respond to the idea of homeless chic and morph it beyond the runway into other cultural venues. Additionally each of these images builds its reality merely by looking at homeless people, by what Robert Desjarlais calls \u2015spectral means\u2016:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-576", "words": "3251", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "'Homeless Chic' as Domestic Poverty Tourism: Street Retreats, Urban Plunges, and North American Class Boundaries", "date": "2011", "keywords": "class; homelessness; new; people; plunge; poverty; programs; retreat; street; tourism", "summary": "Unlike other urban plunges, the ad describing Stone\u201fs street retreat makes no mention of \u201craising awareness about\u201d or \u201cbearing witness to\u201d the social consequences of our affordable housing crisis, lack of supportive and transitional housing, and overflowing emergency shelters. Like the writers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the contemporary generation of plungers generally use two methods: sensational third party accounts of homelessness, like Jennifer Toth\u201fs Mole People and Margaret Morton\u201fs photographs in The Tunnel and Fragile Dwellings; and formalized urban plunge programs, such as National Coalition for the Homeless\u201fs alternative spring break program for university students.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-577", "words": "4107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Fashion/ing Statements: Reading Homeless Bodies in Contemporary Fiction", "date": "2011", "keywords": "body; exclusion; girl; homeless; homelessness; novel; representation; savage; shakar; woman", "summary": "To some extent, then, narrative containment of homeless bodies in fictional representation parallels the policing of homeless bodies as well as their exclusion from the public and the political. \u201cHomeless chic,\u201d it turns out, is the epitome of homeless representation, a practice that rarely operates without inclusive exclusion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-578", "words": "655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "none", "title": "The Chic Homeless: A Vogue Special", "date": "2011", "keywords": "homeless; mit; seite; und; von", "summary": "Auf die- sen und den vorigen sechs Sei- ten: Frisuren und Make-up von der Natur so gewachsen, von Claudia Kunzmann nachgeholfen. Diese Seite: Schmetterlingsbrosche aus Gelb- und Wei\u00df- gold mit vier Diamantenrosen von zusammen 9,8", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-579", "words": "1603", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "Homeless Chic in the Classroom", "date": "2011", "keywords": "chic; class; homelessness; students", "summary": "Students consider the challenges United States culture faces in its attempts to think differently about homelessness \u2013 at the ways it appropriates or makes use of figures of homelessness, and the ways literature markets, thematizes, racializes, and symbolizes homelessness. In it, we examine poverty in its most extreme form \u2013 through the experience of homelessness.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-580", "words": "2202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "Visions of History: Simon Schama, Mark Noll, and Paul Ricoeur", "date": "2011", "keywords": "history; memory; noll; ricoeur", "summary": "Visions of History 76 For Schama, then, history constitutes a critical practice through which it strives to continually produce better histories, a practice that informs and embodies good citizenship. 1 Schama carefully insists that history is not a placebo for the arguments and ills that any given community may be plagued by, but neither will critical history allow a genealogy of self-congratulation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-581", "words": "4594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "Dante's Commedia: Theology as Poetry. Edited by Vittorio Montemaggi and Matthew Treherne. Notre Dame, IN: U. of Notre Dame Press, 2010. 388 + xii pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-268-03519-8 (pbk.: alk. paper).", "date": "2011", "keywords": "claim; commedia; dante; dante\u201fs; god; intellect; poetry; theology; thomas; way", "summary": "6 Most of the volume\u201fs essays, however, concern the other aspect of reading Dante\u201fs poetry as theology: addressing how the poetic expression of theology may differ fundamentally from, and challenge, those discursive modes of exegesis or systematic exposition often identified with Dante\u201fs Commedia 82 theology tout court. A lack of crucial distinctions also mars Christian Moevs\u201fs \u201c\u201eIl punto che mi vinse\u201f: Incarnation, Revelation, and Self-Knowledge in Dante\u201fs Commedia.\u201d 11 Moevs focuses on Dante\u201fs vision of the punto or point of light from the Primum Mobile, which is heretofore the pilgrim\u201fs closest vision of God; in sum (although Moevs might dispute this account), his thesis elides Dante with Plotinus, by way of eliding Plotinian Neoplatonism with the Aristotelianism to which Dante ostensibly cleaves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-667", "words": "647", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "none", "title": "The Future of the Classics: Introduction", "date": "2011", "keywords": "classics; future", "summary": "It remains to thank my fellow contributors, who took time out of their ongoing work to share their thoughts on the state of the discipline \u2013 these papers stand as testaments to their commitment to fostering the kind of public debate without which the future of the Classics would be rather uncertain. When I was first asked by the editorial team of Expositions to offer my ruminations on the state of Classics, I had the good fortune to be in residence at the Center for Hellenic Studies (CHS).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-668", "words": "599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "Editor's Preface", "date": "2011", "keywords": "expositions; issue", "summary": "But it is the juxtaposition of such works that makes Expositions what it is: a journal that, in its insistent interest in our common humanity, refuses to privilege any particular discipline, discourse, or ideology. Classics, as a discipline, has been pronounced dead many times over, just as now all the Humanities are said to be dying (or are in the process of being murdered), and yet students continue to respond to good teaching, scholars continue to produce good work, and new technologies present us with new ways of reading and thinking about classical texts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-669", "words": "2526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "none", "title": "Classics and Comparative Study", "date": "2011", "keywords": "classics; greek; literature; oxford; press; study; university; world", "summary": "E.g., G. E. R. Lloyd, Adversaries and Authorities: Investigations into Ancient Greek and Chinese Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); The Ambitions of Curiosity: Understanding the World in Ancient Greece and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections: Philosophical Perspectives on Greek and Chinese Science and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004); The Delusions of Invulnerability: Wisdom and Morality in Ancient Greece, China and Today (London: Duckworth, 2005); Principles and Practices in Ancient Greek and Chinese Science (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006); Geoffrey Lloyd and Nathan Sivin, The Way and the Word. Among the wealth of inspiring work on material culture one might single out Sarah P. Morris, Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992) and Margaret Christina Miller, Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study Classics and Comparative Study 8 in Cultural Receptivity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-670", "words": "2156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "none", "title": "Classics in American Schools", "date": "2011", "keywords": "classical; classics; latin; standards; students; study", "summary": "Because reading is integral to the classroom and part of the daily life of Latin students, it is important to articulate the skills it develops: comprehension, analytical thinking, and flexible thinking. Latin students improve reading comprehension by using root words, prefixes and suffixes to increase word recognition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-671", "words": "2064", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "none", "title": "Classics in Italy and Great Britain", "date": "2011", "keywords": "education; homer; italy; latin; school", "summary": "Publishing responds to school education much more directly than to University programs. From the mid-40s, grammar schools became selective, state- funded institutions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-672", "words": "2715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Classics in Greece", "date": "2011", "keywords": "classics; greece; greek; history; studies; university", "summary": "I think I would not err in claiming that as a result of a fierce ideological and political struggle the victorious tenet was the one that saw the modern Greeks as the direct descendants of the creators of classical Greek civilization. This peculiarity poses serious difficulties for any attempt at quantifying classical studies in the context of Greek universities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-673", "words": "2236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Classics as Cost Centers?", "date": "2011", "keywords": "center; classics; cost; market; universities; university", "summary": "This model is moralistically termed Responsibility Center Management, or RCM, for those in the know, and this is the road most large, public universities are traveling as the fetishization of accountability in the crudest of quantitative terms sweeps throughout this country and the halls of the Academy. Universities the world over have been dealing with trying financial times (real and imagined) by optimizing their management structures and aligning all their varying divisions more closely with their corporate goals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-675", "words": "5211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "none", "title": "Interview: Susan D. Collins, University of Houston", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aristotle; collins; ethics; good; life; spiro", "summary": "Spiro: How is Aristotle misunderstood? 1747-5376 Interview: Susan D. Collins, University of Houston JOHN-PAUL SPIRO Aristotle\u2019s Greek is notoriously arduous and any translator of Aristotle faces difficult interpretive work as well as navigating through various controversies about the meanings of his most basic, fundamental terms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-676", "words": "3521", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "none", "title": "Interview: Mark Shiffman, Villanova University", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aristotle; sense; shiffman; spiro; way", "summary": "Spiro: How is Aristotle misunderstood? It\u2019s always dialectical in two senses: there\u2019s the Platonic sense of dialectic, in which, among other things, in order to understand something you follow out different possibilities of how to account for it, and then that process gets you deeper into the principles that you need to recognize in order to understand it, and you come back on that basis and reconsider it; but also there\u2019s the sense in which Aristotle himself tends to use \u201cdialectic\u201d which more has to do with the common opinions about things.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-678", "words": "8652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Reference, Autonomy and Nationalism in Early German Romantic Art", "date": "2011", "keywords": "art; autonomy; example; expression; german; hoffmann; ideal; italian; maria; music; opera; schelling; style; symbolic; wagner; weber; work", "summary": "The Nazarenes In 1810 a group of artists known as the Nazarenes traveled to Italy to master and revive the Italian style of painting which was then seen as the only viable future for German art (Andrews 1964). Read autonomously, and without concern for extrinsic meaning, both paintings depict Germany\u2019s return to the Italian school of the Middle Ages as important for the future of German Art, but the relationship between the two cultures, as expressed by each artist, is quite different.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-679", "words": "484", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "none", "title": "Introduction to the Academic Roundtable: Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide", "date": "2011", "keywords": "women; wudunn", "summary": "\u2013 Chinese Proverb The topic of discussion for this Academic Roundtable is Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn\u2019s 2009 work of what is perhaps best described as \u201cadvocacy journalism:\u201d Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. Introduction to the Academic Roundtable 72 Works Cited Kristof, Nicholas D. and Sheryl WuDunn. 2009.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-680", "words": "5578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "none", "title": "Half the Sky: Considering the Audience-conscious Persuasive Genius of Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn", "date": "2011", "keywords": "american; audience; authors; choices; gender; individual; kristof; narrative; women; wudunn", "summary": "Deriving initial credibility from their status as Pulitzer Prize-winning international journalists (ethos), Kristof and WuDunn grab audience attention with the story of a Cambodian girl\u2019s cruel sexual enslavement. To appeal to popular audiences, presumably unfamiliar with the issues at hand, authors must relate problems in a way simple enough to hold audience attention, recognizable enough to invoke empathy, and exciting enough to motivate action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-681", "words": "5089", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "none", "title": "Half the Sky: Only Part of the Story", "date": "2011", "keywords": "authors; book; issues; kristof; movements; violence; women; wudunn", "summary": "To take one small example, the four United Nations\u2019 World Conferences on Women beginning in 1975 in Mexico City and drawing tens of thousands of women to Copenhagen (1980), Nairobi (1985), and finally Beijing (1995) demonstrate the global scope of women\u2019s movements. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 concentrated efforts on violence against women and created the Beijing Platform for Action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-682", "words": "4325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "none", "title": "Caring, Journalism, and the Power of Particularism", "date": "2011", "keywords": "action; care; caring; empathy; ethics; feminist; new; sky; women", "summary": "Half the Sky also gives direct channels for caring action. 5 A global feminist analysis with sensitivity to local context might have given Half the Sky a richer analysis of the lives of international women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-683", "words": "3663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "none", "title": "Neo-Missionaries and the Polemics of Helping", "date": "2011", "keywords": "action; authors; helping; individual; kristof; problem; women; world; wudunn", "summary": "The authors also recognize that \u201cThis is not a tidy world of tyrannical men and victimized women, but a messier realm of oppressive social customs adhered to be men and women alike\u201d (Kristof and WuDunn 2009, 69). Hundreds of millions of women are living in peril.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-684", "words": "6751", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "none", "title": "The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Study in the Unconscious Appeal of Contempt", "date": "2011", "keywords": "contempt; hitler; kubizek; mind; nazi; new; people; realism; right; siegel; world; york", "summary": "For example, Alan Bullock, author of Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, and perhaps the most famous of the biographers of the Nazi leader, is cited in Ron Rosenbaum\u2019s 1998 book, Explaining Hitler, as saying: \u201cThe more I learn about Hitler, the harder I find it to explain\u201d (in Rosenbaum 1998, vii). Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-685", "words": "8218", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "Donner, Fred M. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Cambridge, Mass. and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010. 280 pp, hb $25.95, ISBN: 978-0-674-05097-6.", "date": "2011", "keywords": "believers; community; donner; god; history; islamic; movement; muhammad; muslim; quran; sources; university; verses", "summary": "What sets Donner\u2019s approach apart, however, is that early Islam was a religious phenomenon and that the actors who made early Islamic history were driven by religious motivations: \u201cIt is my conviction that Islam began as a religious movement \u2013 not as a social, economic, or \u2018national\u2019 one; in particular, it embodied an intense concern for attaining personal salvation through righteous behavior. Muhammad and the Believers 128 This conviction that religion, and not something else, lies at the heart of early Islamic history is a constant factor throughout MB.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-690", "words": "2189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "none", "title": "Classics and Digital Humanities", "date": "2011", "keywords": "classics; data; digital; humanities; new; project; work", "summary": "The Andrew Mellon Foundation has devoted big money to support Digital Humanities centers like Hamilton College\u2019s Digital Humanities Initiative and the cross- institution Project Bamboo.15 And Google has thrown its weight behind Digital Humanities with its Digital Humanities Research Awards.16 Of interest to the Classics scholar, Google has already made available 500 digitized books and out-of-copyright works of scholarship.17 And their n- gram viewer of word frequency for their digital book archive is not a trivial tool for surgical slices across intellectual history.18 Classics is perhaps more fortunate than other disciplines in having major repositories of digital texts, including epigraphic and papyrological texts, online for some time now. [Expositions 5.2 (2011) 142-146] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Classics and Digital Humanities ALLEN J. ROMANO Florida State University \u201cDigital Humanities\u201d is the current umbrella term, one which is gaining wide currency, despite its relatively recent popularization, for a variety of activities at the intersection of humanities and computing.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-78", "words": "1266", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "none", "title": "Editors' Preface", "date": "2008", "keywords": "expositions; life; new; socrates", "summary": "for martha Nussbaum, meanwhile, Socratic questioning is central to the life of the mind and to life itself: \u201cSocrates said that the unexam- ined life is not worth living for a human being. 00Preface.indd \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008, Unit 6, The Village, 101 Amies Street, London SW11 2JW", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-79", "words": "819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Overheard in the Academy: Stanley Fish on the Humanities", "date": "2008", "keywords": "fish; humanities", "summary": "The conclusion that Fish draws is that \u201c[i]t is not the business of the humanities to save us\u201d\u2014for they can\u2019t, or in any event in his experience haven\u2019t\u2014\u201cno more than it is their business to bring revenue to a state or a university,\u201d recalling the question with which his column began, \u201cHow does one justify funding the arts and humanities?\u201d 01Prusak academy.indd \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008, Unit 6, The Village, 101 Amies Street, London SW11 2JW [Expositions 2.1 (2008) 005\u2013006] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i1.005 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Overheard in the academy Stanley Fish on the Humanities BErNArd G. PrUSAk Villanova University \u201cHow does one justify funding the arts and humanities?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-80", "words": "2021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "none", "title": "Care of the Soul: Service-Learning and the Value of the Humanities", "date": "2008", "keywords": "care; humanities; kronman; service; students", "summary": "Examination of the social nature of the person is complemented by discussions of solidarity through service work; the problem of evil by reflections on human suffering; the meaning of race by consid- eration of the demographics of Philadelphia; end-of-life issues by students working at nursing homes; moral questions concerning impairments and disabilities by students serving wheelchair com- munities; theories of distributive justice by stories from soup kitch- ens and homeless outreach agencies\u2014and so on. But it\u2019s just as important that questions about God, the divine, faith and the rationality (or irration- 10 Care of the Soul \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008 ality) of religious belief are not dismissed altogether, as they might be by students who would equate all forms of religious commitment with \u201cfundamentalism.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-81", "words": "1959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "none", "title": "Is There a Donor in This Class?", "date": "2008", "keywords": "fish; humanism; humanities; scholars", "summary": "Gradu- ate students all over the country threw a fit of pique and indignation similar to the one that Fish has inspired among humanities scholars. In closing, he made this statement about what humanities scholars do: \u201cWe construct and tell the story of the human condition, in all of its beauty, horror, inspiration, and condemnation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-82", "words": "3078", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "The Useful Uselessness of the Humanities", "date": "2008", "keywords": "aristotle; city; humanities; knowledge; leisure", "summary": "Aristotle\u2019s conception of theoretical knowledge is significantly differ- ent from what we take to be the humanities, or even from what we take to be theoretical knowledge, for it embraces the natural sciences, math- ematics, and theology, as well as philosophy.4 Nonetheless, it shares the central feature that Fish attributes to the humanities: it is auto-telic; it is its own good and so need not make any reference to an external result in order to justify itself. But without the humanities, without the pursuit of what Aristotle called theoretical knowledge, the city would be composed only of citizens who are constantly in pursuit of goods whose attainment leads only to further pursuit of more of the same.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-83", "words": "2827", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "none", "title": "The \u201cReflexive Humanities\u201d", "date": "2008", "keywords": "auden; fish; humanities; new; poetry; yeats; york", "summary": "Fish\u2019s small concession of the intrinsic pleasures the humanities bring to those who practice them is a slim peg on which to hang an entire tradition of intellectual inquiry and at the same time appears suspi- ciously cozy with the pressures of the very market forces from which he seeks to protect humanities departments. Auden who, in an elegy for W.B. Yeats, wrote that \u201cpoetry makes nothing hap- pen\u201d (Auden 1977, 241\u2013243).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-84", "words": "9161", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "none", "title": "W.E.B. DuBois and Socratic Questioning", "date": "2008", "keywords": "america; black; dubois; education; equinox; human; life; ltd; publishing; questioning; socrates; souls; w.e.b; white", "summary": "DuBois appeals to Socrates and Francis early in Souls, in his first discussion and critique of Booker T. Washington, a critique that takes aim at Washington\u2019s willingness to endure the exclusion of black youth from higher education. In what follows we will examine a series of Socratic themes in the writings of W.E.B. DuBois: the paradoxical status of images, poten- tially enslaving and liberating, and the nature of liberal education; the appeal to nature as a basis for a critique of corrupt customs; and DuBois\u2019s response to the charge of elitism, a charge often leveled against Socrates as well.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-85", "words": "9502", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "On Reading St. Augustine\u2019s Confessions", "date": "2008", "keywords": "augustine; book; confessions; conversion; equinox; god; ltd; new; press; publishing; reader; reading; soul; words", "summary": "In Confessions Augustine\u2014like Cer- vantes in Don Quixote\u2014wishes to inform the mind, stir the spirit, and elevate the soul. Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i1.059 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 On Reading St. Augustine\u2019s Confessions1 Todd BrEyfogLE The Aspen Institute This essay is intended as a guide for beginning readers of Augustine, for teachers charged with helping these readers understand Augustine, and for those interested in a problem that confronted Augustine first as a reader and eventually as an author: how does a book help us understand ourselves even as we understand its author?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-86", "words": "7592", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "none", "title": "Pater's Portraits: the Aesthetic Hero in 1890", "date": "2008", "keywords": "art; beauty; dorian; equinox; gaston; gaudioso; love; ltd; new; pater; plato; publishing; wilde; world", "summary": "Art, love, and beauty had been for Pater, during the first 1880s phase of writing Gaston de Latour, a particular preoccupation but one that had grown so much after the publication of Dorian that by his 1890 August\u2013September long vacation period Pater felt compelled, after a two-year hiatus in the novel\u2019s serialization, to resume composition with an intention to finish. In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Walter Pater\u2019s various projects included both the writing of Gaston de Latour (1988, 1890\u20131893), a novel set in Renaissance France, and \u201cGaudioso, the Second,\u201d a story of Renaissance Italy\u2014neither of which were ever brought to comple- tion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-87", "words": "2792", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "none", "title": "Arendt and the \"Banality\" of Evil: A Note on Neiman", "date": "2008", "keywords": "arendt; book; evil; mccarthy; neiman", "summary": "Arendt, Hannah and Mary McCarthy 1995 Between Friends: The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy, 1949\u20131975. Arendt, Hannah and Gershom Scholem 1964 \u201cEichmann in Jerusalem\u201d: An Exchange of Letters between Gershom Scholem and Hannah Arendt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "expositions-88", "words": "6710", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "none", "title": "The Evolution of Evolution Theory and Its Controversies", "date": "2008", "keywords": "changes; darwin; development; equinox; evolution; evolution theory; life; new; origin; processes; theory; variation", "summary": "In the nearly 150 years since that landmark publication, evolution theory has been under attack from conservative religionists all over the world, particularly in the United States. Three recent books (Kirschner and Gerhart 2005; Thomas 2005; ruse 2006) take different approaches to explain why evolution theory has been so hard for some to accept, or to expand on \u201cclassical\u201d evolu- tion theory to put forward a new explanation for the diversity of life http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/expo.v2i1.111 112 The Evolution of Evolution Theory and Its Controversies \u00a9 Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008 on earth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}]