expositions: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called expositions.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

God; Catholic; Education; Students; World; Ethics; People; Press; War; Equinox; Work; Philosophy; Way; Good; Publishing; Book; Christian; Nature; Time; Socrates; History; Human; Justice; Faculty; Expositions; Self; Tradition; Jesus; Theory; Pope; Ibid; Theology; Poetry; John; Things; Paul; Universities; Humanities; Text; English; Language; Power; Augustine; Taylor; Shakespeare; Sense; Value; Century; Žižek; Classics; Use; Novel; Literature; Nagel; Action; Homelessness; Women; Case; Rolston; Bellow; Culture; Lehoux; Und; Cooperation; Chapter; Modern; Responsibility; Business; Kierkegaard; Prusak; Images; Formation; Bois; Barnes; Bary; Pages; Beeton; Abbott

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Robert Alter and the Art of Bible Translation by none (2008) - In one passage, he characterizes his work as “an experiment in re-presenting the Bible—and, above all, biblical narrative prose—in a language that conveys with some precision the semantic nuances and the lively orchestration of literary effects of the Hebrew and at the same time has stylistic and rhythmic integrity as literary English” (Alter 2004, xvi). Alter has long demonstrated that he is a perceptive reader of the Hebrew text, and his explanatory notes are often illuminating in their discussion of the text’s rhetoric, style, and tone. Keywords: alter; english; god; hebrew; text; translation
• 5. Bellow, Kierkegaard, and American Estheticism by none (2012) - Bellow’s existentialism follows Kierkegaard, whose concepts I use in my examination because Sammler refers to them explicitly, in suggesting that the defining task of human life was to become a “true” or “authentic” self: a self that is passionately oriented toward and formed in light of an encounter with the source of existence and truth. 2 If human beings are “established by another” – which Kierkegaard (and Mr. Sammler) believed to be the case – another relation, viz. Keywords: bellow; elya; existence; god; human; kierkegaard; life; sammler; self
• If the Good were God: Platonic Meditations on Theism by none (2009) - The most apparent conclusion to draw from Plato’s dialogues, however, is that he, like his teacher Socrates, believed in many gods and never singled out a particular one of them to be the sum and substance of all goodness. Keywords: Plato; Socrates; theism; ethics; will; murdoch; Korsgaard Augustine assumed that Plato was a monotheist or at least that Plato’s philosophy required monotheism as its working presupposition. Keywords: equinox; ethics; god; gods; good; murdoch; plato; self; socrates; vision
• Santo, santo, santo: Dante’s Union of Prophet and Theophany in Paradiso 26 by none (2009) - According to the general con- sensus among Dante scholars, these words allude to the biblical and liturgical phrase, Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, an incipit that also occurs in the Biblical books of Isaiah and the Apocalypse; in each of the latter, the Sanctus marks a theophany. While it is obvious that the “eternal Gardener” [l’ortolano etterno] is God, Dante scholars still debate the nature of the garden and the leaves. Keywords: body; christ; dante; garden; god; holy; http://dante.dartmouth.edu/; isaiah; john; love; paradiso; prophet; sanctus; santo; theophany
• B.G. Prusak’s “An Analysis of Augustine’s Argument in Confessions That Evil Does Not Exist”: A Response by none (2009) - Chronologically speaking, there are at least four significant portions of his oeuvre that predate the Confessions; likewise, there are numerous germane passages in compositions from the last two decades of his life that emerged as he battled the implica- tions that he understood to be latent within the Pelagians’ teachings.13 These “anti-Pelagian” texts should in no wise be regarded as accidental or as texts Augustine included in these works “in passing.” While I am more than comfortable with any view that asserts that this is a fundamental “augustinian” or, more accurately, a fundamental Judeo-Christian belief, it would be more accurate and, in fact, more helpful for the issue at hand, to say that the existence of a single, immutable, incorruptible, and good God is the Augustinian belief.1 Pushing the discussion back this one step—since it obviously remains an essential, if only secondary, “augustinian” belief that the one God who possesses the aforementioned attributes is the One who is solely and uniquely responsible for the good creation—is necessary because it more accurately frames the discussion in its proper theologi- cal and metaphysical terms.2 Along these same lines, allow me to note at the outset that any reader of the Confessions or, indeed, of (most of ) what posterity has preserved from Augustine, does well to keep “on the table” at all times the impact that the Manichaeans and their (largely) Gnostic and thoroughly dualist creation mythology had upon Augus- tine. Keywords: argument; augustine; equinox; evil; god; good; ltd; nature; prusak; publishing
• On Charles Taylor, A Secular Age - Secularism’s Fragile Buffered Selves by none (2009) - 97–114] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v3i1.97 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Academic Roundtable On Charles Taylor, A Secular Age Taylor, Charles. Taylor con- vincingly argues that disenchantment, “Reform,” the personalization of faith, and an appreciation of the natural world were all motivated by religious reasons and had some very positive consequences for believ- ers. Keywords: account; enlightenment; god; life; religion; society; taylor
• Charles Taylor and the Future of Secularism by none (2009) - Taylor is prepared to say only this: where there is only immanence, so that “many people even have trou- ble understanding how a sane person could believe in God,” subse- quent generations will develop “a sense of living in a ‘waste land,’ ” and many young people will begin to explore beyond immanence, perhaps to a state in which they acquire “in some fashion a sense of God.” And the only alternative ontology Taylor acknowl- edges is “belief in some transcendent source or power” that “for many people in our Western culture” means “the choice…whether to believe in God” (600). Keywords: age; belief; god; position; religion; taylor
• Jew, Greek and Christian: Some Reflections on the Pauline Revolution by none (2007) - Th e basic idea is that God does not replace our judgment of the right way to do things. Th e content of this kit is already part of the seven commands given to Noah and the ten given to Moses (Exod. 20.1–17). Keywords: brague.indd; culture; equinox; god; greek; law; paul; publishing
• Interview: Alasdair MacIntyre, University of Notre Dame by none (2012) - It is the peculiar task of Catholic universities to show how that understanding will remain inadequate and incomplete without a recognition of the dependence of the created world on God and an acknowledgment of God’s self-revelation to Israel, in Christ, and through the teaching of the Catholic church. It is therefore not difficult to say what Catholic universities have to do, if they are to fulfill their mission. Keywords: alasdair; catholic; god; kavanagh; macintyre; universities; university
• Some Aspects of Human Nature As Viewed by Cardinal John Henry Newman by none (2007) - Like his favored Alexandrian Fathers of the Church, Newman fi nds not only hints and traces of the divine, but a genuine “dispensation” and revelation manifest in pre- and non-Christian sources. Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i1.29 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Some Aspects of Human Nature As Viewed by Cardinal John Henry Newman M. KATHERINE TILLMAN University of Notre Dame Th e three views of human nature presented in this essay, all John Henry Newman’s, are from the vantage point of natural religion, from that of the liberally educated person, and from that of one imbued with Christian faith and love. Keywords: equinox; god; human; knowledge; ltd; mind; nature; newman; publishing; religion; university
• The Virtue of Teaching Theological Ethics by none (2013) - In this essay, I propose that there is a certain “doing” of Christian ethics—a praxis—that is essential to grasping the substance of Christian ethics. Indeed, I will argue that the theological good that grounds Christian ethics necessarily transports the student beyond a narrow view of self and world to become amazed by the mystery of human existence. Keywords: catholic; christian; ethics; god; good; john; paul; truth
• Identity and the Catholic University: Culture or Epistemology? by none (2015) - Our Jesuit thinkers map some new paths for the future of Catholic higher education in an evolutionary age, and it is to them that I now turn. Murray, Ong, Longergan, Haughey John Courtney Murray is best known for his insights regarding Church-State relations; however, he was keenly aware of the critical role Catholic higher education plays in secular society. Keywords: catholic; catholicity; education; evolution; god; human; knowledge; new; teilhard; university; world
• Educating for Shalom by none (2015) - And so it is with Christian students reading fiction and biography. There is something about gathering over a shared project in unfamiliar circumstances with a familiar and wise mentor that can be golden for Christian university students. Keywords: christian; creation; earth; education; god; good; people; shalom; skills; students; things; university; world
• Metz, Thaddeus. Meaning in Life: An Analytic Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 288pp. $45.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978–0–199–59931–8 by none (2015) - Metz’s view seems to imply (for example) that babies, the severely mentally challenged, and people with Alzheimer’s do not live meaningful lives (or live only minimally meaningful lives) because they cannot actively use their reason to perform acts of moral, intellectual, or artistic significance. If life can have meaning, what forms do such meanings take, which modes of meaningfulness are most important, and how can I make my own life as meaningful as possible? Keywords: god; life; meaning; metz
• Paul, Faustus, and Augustine’s Evolution toward Anti-anti-Semitism by none (2009) - Briefly put, Fredriksen’s thesis is that, despite the sweepingly negative way in which most history textbooks, to say nothing whatsoever about prevailing popular assumptions, treat Christian-Jewish relations— especially following the legalization and eventual mainstreaming of Christianity in western society by the end of the fourth-century—we misunderstand both Augustine and the complex history of these rela- tions if we fail to recognize that the Bishop of Hippo was far from being anti-Semitic tout court. On the contrary, while Fredriksen does make it clear both that Augustine was no pluralist and that Augustine’s 186 Academic Roundtable © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 employment of certain features of Late Antique rhetoric were often misconstrued by later readers, she is at pains to show how Augustine, for a whole host of ideological and contextual reasons, was both “pro- Jewish” and deeply respectful of the Jews’ history, their traditions, and what he understood to be their present and future roles in God’s salvific plan for humanity. Keywords: anti; augustine; faustus; fredriksen; god; jews; paul
• Sovereign Poetics: from Exception to Apocrypha by none (2016) - Benjamin wanted to dedicate his doctoral dissertation to Schmitt; as Horst Bredekamp opines: “Walter Benjamin’s esteem for Carl Schmitt is one of the most irritating incidents in the intellectual history of the Weimar Republic” (247). Working backwards from twentieth-century Germany, via history and philosophy, Schmitt endeavors to theorize the origins of the modern state in the workings of theology. Keywords: beginning; decision; exception; god; judith; modern; poem; politics; power; print; schmitt; sovereignty; state; theology
• Juan Luis Vives as the "Second Quintilian": Transforming Liberal Arts Learning into Christian Piety by none (2016) - He begins, Juan Luis Vives as the “Second Quintilian” 58 When I reflected that there is nothing in life more beautiful or more excellent than the cultivation of the mind through what we call the branches of learning (disciplinae), by means of which we separate ourselves from the way of life and customs of animals and are restored to humanity, and raised towards God Himself, I determined to write on the subject, as far as my powers let me, and to do so, if I am not mistaken, in a manner different from what most of our predecessors have done.38 Locating himself in the Isocratic tradition,39 Vives also affirms the central role that the disciplines or arts of knowledge play in distinguishing ourselves from the animals. Juan Luis Vives as the “Second Quintilian” 60 Piety, Love, and Liberal Learning Undoubtedly, the formation of Vives’s “pious” student draws upon Quintilian’s concept of shaping the “good” student; nevertheless, the motivation for becoming pious is distinct, and it deserves further consideration. Keywords: arts; book; christian; disciplinis; end; god; good; ibid; juan; knowledge; learning; luis; luis vives; press; quintilian; second; teacher; vives; writing
• Kotsko, Adam. The Prince of This World. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2017. 225 pages. $22.95 by none (2018) - Kotsko goes 93 Hughes on to argue that, in the hands of Athanasius and, even more clearly, much later in Anselm, God adopts the role of Satan. Microsoft Word - Hughes final.docx [Expositions 11.2 (2017) 91–94] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Kotsko, Adam. Keywords: book; devil; god; kotsko
• Kevin Hart, University of Virginia by none (2018) - We never get past reading Plato and Aristotle, even though we would do well to read Plotinus and the Stoics more often and more deeply and so be exposed to other ways of thinking of philosophy. Bing Lyu: Professor, your previous scholarly book, Kingdoms of God (2014), is highly recommended by Choice and described as “a beautifully conceived and creative work, one that presses the relationship between phenomenology and theology further and outlines potential future directions for this relationship. Keywords: attitude; god; hart; husserl; kevin; lyu; phenomenology; philosophy; poems; poetry; reduction; revelation; way; world
• The Utopianism of the Obvious by none (2019) - Hirschfeld’s book does a masterful job of clearing away the distortions that mainstream economics has introduced to the way that we think about the basic mechanisms of human choice and recovering a richer, saner, and more common sense picture of human desire. I picked up Hirschfeld’s first book, then, with great anticipation. Keywords: aquinas; economics; economy; god; good; happiness; hirschfeld; life; money; people
• Renewing Catholicism: Toward Recommitting to Gospel Nonviolence throughout the Roman Catholic Church by none (2020) -  Engender numerous initiatives within the Church, including, for example, language in the Catechism affirming the centrality of nonviolence; the proclamation of a Holy Year of Nonviolence; and a call for a global formation process rooted in Gospel nonviolence. –Fr. Emmanuel Katongole, Uganda1 Introduction Jesus proclaimed a universal ethic of nonviolence rejecting violence and killing, returning good for evil, healing divisions, and putting sacrificial love into action for a just, peaceful, and reconciled world.2 In its first three centuries, the Roman Catholic Church publicly practiced the nonviolence that Jesus taught and lived, and since then the spirit of Gospel nonviolence has been kept alive by particular individuals, communities and movements within the Church. Keywords: catholic; church; god; gospel; gospel nonviolence; jesus; life; nonviolence; peace; war; way; world
• Nonviolence: The Witness of a Church of Mercy by none (2020) - That Pope Francis instituted an “extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy” points to the significance of mercy for commemorating the event that was Vatican II, which marked “a new phase” in the Church’s history and “a new way” of proclaiming the gospel.14 Like other Jubilee Years in the Church’s history, they are meant to be a time of pardon, of remission of penalties, of interrupting cycles of injustice and violence, so that persons and communities can heal relationships with one another and with God. Nonviolence as the Means of Mercy Throughout this essay I have attempted to weave together mercy and active nonviolence using texts primarily drawn from Pope Francis and the life of the Church. Keywords: church; francis; gandhi; god; life; love; means; mercy; nonviolence; peace; pope; pope francis; truth; way
• Nonviolence: Building Gospel-based Communities Addressing Situations of Violence Today by none (2020) - In this article, I will reflect on the Gospel basis for nonviolence and Catholic social teaching, the central and essential teaching of the church, based in the life and words of Jesus. With the context of the Beatitudes as the overall program, I will examine each of the seven principles of Catholic social teaching articulated by the USCCB4 and then give a few examples of both the teaching and actions of Jesus which exemplify that principle. Keywords: catholic; community; god; gospel; jesus; love; luke; matthew; nonviolence; peace; teaching; vulnerable; war
• Gods and Friends: C. S. Lewis on Divinization by none (2010) - First, when Lewis speaks of salvation and heaven, as he so often does, not only does he figure it as redemption, perfect happiness, “union with God,” 2 and many other oft-used images, but also as divinization, 3 being made a god, the “blessed participation in [God‟s] Life by a created spirit,” 4 and other traditional though far less common metaphors. Determined to make as much sense of “becoming God” as can be made, Lewis tackles head-on the question which most obviously arises in response to the promise of sharing in God‟s life: how? Keywords: christ; christian; christianity; divinization; friends; friendship; god; gods; letters; lewis; lewis‟s; life; love; man; nature; new
• The Monstrosity of Protestantism by none (2010) - Slavoj Žižek and John Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? By Slavoj Žižek and John Milbank, ed. Keywords: death; god; history; milbank; theology; way; žižek
• To Enchant or Disenchant? A Plea for Ambiguity in the Contrasting Musical Ontologies of Slavoj Žižek and John Milbank by none (2010) - 1 Indeed, the pairing of Žižek and Milbank in this co-authored volume seems wholly fitting, almost inevitable, if at times insufferable. To follow such a path is, Žižek argues, to opt for a direction diametrically opposed from the one Milbank would lead us on. Keywords: christ; god; hegel; milbank; milbank‟s; modern; ontology; religion; sense; žižek
• The Faith of Job and the Recovery of Christian Atheism by none (2010) - But even if we don‟t do this, it remains possible to stick to Žižek‟s basic insight, to be found in On Belief, that “When I, a human being, experience myself as cut off from God, at that very moment of utmost abjection, I am absolutely close to God, since I find myself in the position of the abandoned Christ.” 24 Thus, to conclude: The Monstrosity of Christ is a great opportunity for its readers to (re)discover the suffering and weak God at the heart of Christianity. Here, the figure of Job is introduced as witnessing to a crisis, the crisis caused by what Ricoeur The Faith of Job and the Recovery of Christian Atheism 106 designates as “the hypersubjective reality of sin,” the fact that “my sin [is conceived to be] within the absolute sight (regard) of God” (84). Keywords: atheism; christ; faith; god; job; ricoeur; žižek
• Monstrosity Exhibition by none (2010) - The lesson of Christ‟s life and death is that God becomes human and dies, really dies, and does not continue to exist. And we eat them, out of cans or otherwise; we are eaters of death, dead Christ-flesh resurrecting inside us, granting us life. Keywords: christianity; death; god; milbank; resurrection; time; žižek
• Kearney, Richard. Anatheism: Returning to God After God. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. 272 pp. hb $29.50, ISBN 978-0-231-14788-0.Taylor, Mark C. After God. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 482 pp. pb $35.00, ISBN 978-0-226-79171-5. by none (2010) - Kearney’s “God who may be” and Taylor’s “altarity” exist as infinite creative principles to the degree that they lack any determinate form. Though this antinomy is present both in Anatheism and After God, theists will find a fellow traveler in Kearney far more so than in Taylor. Keywords: anatheism; god; kearney; religion; taylor; world
• The Piety of Socrates and Maimonides: Doing God's Work on Earth by none (2007) - For if his aim were only to differentiate the level of closeness to God attained by Moses, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob from that attainable by other men, a general statement would have sufficed; he need not have said, “someone like myself.” For, on the one hand, helping others seems to go beyond the call of jus- tice: what justice ostensibly requires of people is that they refrain from harming others (see Ap. 37b–c, 41d–e; Crito 49a–e; Rep. 1.335a–e).3 yet, on the other hand, it would be difficult to think of a more fruit- ful way to serve God than by serving man. Keywords: divine; equinox; god; guide; human; justice; ltd; maimonides; men; piety; publishing; socrates; torah
• Dante's Commedia: Theology as Poetry. Edited by Vittorio Montemaggi and Matthew Treherne. Notre Dame, IN: U. of Notre Dame Press, 2010. 388 + xii pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-268-03519-8 (pbk.: alk. paper). by none (2011) - 6 Most of the volume‟s essays, however, concern the other aspect of reading Dante‟s poetry as theology: addressing how the poetic expression of theology may differ fundamentally from, and challenge, those discursive modes of exegesis or systematic exposition often identified with Dante‟s Commedia 82 theology tout court. A lack of crucial distinctions also mars Christian Moevs‟s “„Il punto che mi vinse‟: Incarnation, Revelation, and Self-Knowledge in Dante‟s Commedia.” 11 Moevs focuses on Dante‟s vision of the punto or point of light from the Primum Mobile, which is heretofore the pilgrim‟s closest vision of God; in sum (although Moevs might dispute this account), his thesis elides Dante with Plotinus, by way of eliding Plotinian Neoplatonism with the Aristotelianism to which Dante ostensibly cleaves. Keywords: claim; commedia; dante; dante‟s; god; intellect; poetry; theology; thomas; way
• Donner, Fred M. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam. Cambridge, Mass. and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010. 280 pp, hb $25.95, ISBN: 978-0-674-05097-6. by none (2011) - What sets Donner’s approach apart, however, is that early Islam was a religious phenomenon and that the actors who made early Islamic history were driven by religious motivations: “It is my conviction that Islam began as a religious movement – not as a social, economic, or ‘national’ one; in particular, it embodied an intense concern for attaining personal salvation through righteous behavior. Muhammad and the Believers 128 This conviction that religion, and not something else, lies at the heart of early Islamic history is a constant factor throughout MB. Keywords: believers; community; donner; god; history; islamic; movement; muhammad; muslim; quran; sources; university; verses
• On Reading St. Augustine’s Confessions by none (2008) - In Confessions Augustine—like Cer- vantes in Don Quixote—wishes to inform the mind, stir the spirit, and elevate the soul. Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i1.059 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 On Reading St. Augustine’s Confessions1 Todd BrEyfogLE The Aspen Institute This essay is intended as a guide for beginning readers of Augustine, for teachers charged with helping these readers understand Augustine, and for those interested in a problem that confronted Augustine first as a reader and eventually as an author: how does a book help us understand ourselves even as we understand its author? Keywords: augustine; book; confessions; conversion; equinox; god; ltd; new; press; publishing; reader; reading; soul; words

• Editor's Introduction by none (2015) - Alexander Eodice, Professor of Philosophy at Iona College and Dean of the College’s School of Arts and Sciences from 2001 to 2008, considers the relevance to present-day Catholic institutions of John Tracy Ellis’s “scathing critique of Catholic intellectual life in America” published in 1955. Further, how do the other disciplines in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences serve and express the basic mission of Catholic higher education? Keywords: catholic; college
• The Catholic Intellectual Tradition and American Catholic Higher Education by none (2015) - John Tracy Ellis published a scathing critique of Catholic intellectual life in America.1 While he does acknowledge the profoundly negative consequences of a deeply ingrained anti-Catholic prejudice in American intellectual culture, which when not downright hostile was at least “aloof and unfriendly to Catholic thought,” he argues that it is not primarily this bias that accounts for the poverty of Catholic intellectual thought in his time.2 As Catholic institutions followed every passing intellectual craze—presumably in an effort to be timely and more like their secular counterparts— the secular schools had taken prominence in traditionally “Catholic” scholastic thought (e.g., theology at the University of Chicago, philosophy at Princeton). Keywords: catholic; ellis; intellectual; reason; sense; tradition
• Newman and the Virtue of Philosophy by none (2015) - The central challenges Newman sees for Catholic university education are not unique to Catholic universities, but to university education in general. What he takes philosophy to be, at least in the sense relevant to this role of an organizing principle of university education, is neither a specialized discipline, nor the animating principle of a core curriculum—at least, not merely that. Keywords: catholic; discipline; education; newman; philosophy; science; sense; theology; university; virtue
• Imagining How to Be Christ-Like Together by none (2015) - The straightforward daily interaction of breaking bread at a shared table and taking in one another’s answers to the question “how is your day going?” allow lay staff and faculty to see Holy Cross life not as a set of constraints, but as what it is to the priests and brothers who live it: a way to be Christ-like as they live the life of the mind. Holy Cross staff and faculty mingle with their lay collaborators at each table, lingering over conversations that touch upon every dimension of the intellectual life and popular culture. Keywords: campus; catholic; christ; cross; holy; life; like; mission; work
• Pre-Christian Classics in the Catholic Intellectual Tradition by none (2015) - *** As I considered what would be the right or best way to incorporate pre-Christian truths into a curriculum otherwise dominated by Christian works, or indeed, how more generally to fit ancient and more modern ideas together in a way that does justice to both, a Pauline quotation came to me, “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law” (Galatians 4:4). This setting does pose different challenges for these pre-Christian works (and these apply equally or more so to those non-Western, non-Christian works I have likewise often taught at these institutions), because the temptation is always to treat them as partial revelation, as it were, imperfect expressions of the fuller, Christian truth that would come later (or elsewhere). Keywords: catholic; christian; intellectual; tradition; works
• Philosophy, Theology, and the Core Curriculum: Case Studies at the University of St. Thomas by none (2015) - Obviously, there are many other ways to go about pairing courses and other kinds of activities that one might employ to achieve the same end as our Paired Courses Program. While I am willing to admit that all courses in the Core Curriculum are related or connected to other courses in the Core (even if remotely or tangentially), it is rather obvious that some disciplines are closer to and more intimately connected with some disciplines than others. Keywords: catholic; core; courses; disciplines; students; theology
• Catholic Social Teaching: Transforming Students, Transforming Society by none (2016) - One potential barrier to including CST in the curriculum and co-curriculum is that the official documents themselves do not suggest a particular pedagogy or include plans for how the lessons of CST could be disseminated or implemented.2 The documents constituting official CST seem to assume that familiarity with the corpus of Catholic social teaching necessarily leads to engagement, integration, and application of principles to particular situations, yielding right social action.3 Under the four-fold rubric “act together,” “reach out together,” “pray together,” and “learn together,” the website offers not only the principles of CST but also prayers, resources, success stories from parishes, schools, and 13 Reed-Bouley Catholic Relief Services, and other information about Catholic social teaching. Keywords: analysis; catholic; cst; education; principles; students; teaching
• Justice Matters: A Multi-Faceted Implementation of Catholic Social Teaching across the Curriculum by none (2016) - 21 Zurek Clearly, to teach social justice courses rooted in CST requires considerable faculty development. So when the core curriculum was revised and the number of social justice courses was increased from a single course, the faculty was receptive, though not all faculty were comfortable with the explicit attention to CST. Keywords: cabrini; catholic; course; cst; curriculum; faculty; justice; learning; mission; social; students
• Faculty as Moral Gardeners: Formation Rooted in the Catholic Social Tradition by none (2016) - Concretely, a faculty member can aid student moral formation by assigning a learning activity that brings students into direct contact with ethical issues. For, when students are engaged in ethical practice, they not only are learning about ethics; one could add, they also are teaching other students about ethics. Keywords: catholic; college; cst; faculty; formation; social; students
• Framing Student Appropriation of Catholic Social Teachings and Tradition by none (2016) - Any inclination to presume a student’s level of CST appropriation, based primarily on the quantity or frequency of a student’s exposure to CST programming, should be avoided. The objective of the rubric team was to design and validate a framework distinguishing levels of CST appropriation. Keywords: appropriation; catholic; cst; initiative; programming; rubric; student; team
• Reformation Now by none (2009) - I never expect to encounter a more persuasive explanation of why certain kinds of non-official Protestant churches should be partially (but not completely) concealed, nor a more sophisticated discussion of why non-Christian communities of this era not only accepted but gen- erally welcomed their spatial segregation. Kaplan precedes the central section of his triptych with a sketch of the mutual exclusivity of various churches in post-Reformation Europe. Keywords: catholic; century; city; kaplan; reformation; simpson
• Presence, Privilege, and Moral Appropriation: Reading Zubik as an Act of Protest by none (2017) - Moral cooperation is traditionally understood as assisting in an act of evil; thus, the Zubik plaintiffs regarded assisting in the provision of birth control to employees as moral cooperation. Patricia Miller, “‘Little Sisters’ Being Sold As Face of Contraception Case,” Religion Dispatches, March 22, 2016, http://religiondispatches.org/little-sisters-being-sold-as-face- of-contraception-case/. 4. Keywords: act; appropriation; case; catholic; cooperation; evil; protest; sisters; world; zubik
• Just War or Just Peace? The Future of Catholic Teaching on War and Peace by none (2018) - There are advocates for rejecting just war theory, and there are advocates for rejecting the rejection, but there are also contributors who reject the opposition of just war and just peace principles, who claim that the focus of both camps should be on peacebuilding, who call for renewed attention to the possibility of selective conscientious objection, and who draw attention to the growing edges of just war theory, which as it happens draw the just war tradition closer to its critics. Instead, the new and the old stand in tension, and from this tension developed just war theory, which a critic acknowledges “was and is intended primarily to restrain, not validate war.”13 Keywords: catholic; nonviolence; peace; theory; university; war
• Preventing Unjust War: The Role of the Catholic Church by none (2018) - Crucially, unsuccessful attempts to prevent unjust wars by encouraging acts of personal conscientious refusal need not threaten the capacity to wage just wars in response. The court’s responsibility would be to help resist unjust wars, not to promote just wars. Keywords: catholic; church; court; mcmahan; nonviolence; peace; tradition; war; wars
• The Future of (Catholic) Just War Theory: Marginal by none (2018) - Following John XXIII’s lead, the United States bishops, in their 1983 peace pastoral, The Challenge of Peace: God’s Promise and Our Response,9 maintain that pacifism and just war theory are united by a presumption in favor of peace and against war. In fact, Powers even regards just war theory so conceived as an essential part of preventing war and building peace, insofar as it both provides rationales against the use of force that does not meet strict criteria such as last resort, proportionality, reasonable hope of success, and protection of civilians and also requires securing the conditions of just and peaceful social life going forward. Keywords: bellum; catholic; criteria; force; justice; paul; peace; theory; violence; war
• The Gospels Draw Us Further: A Just Peace Ethic by none (2018) - Likewise, Lisa Sowle Cahill The Gospels Draw Us Further: A Just Peace Ethic 88 describes such developments, “combined with the continued scourge” of war and violence, as ultimately opening “the door to ‘just peace’ as a more adequate way to respond to military and societal violence than the application of just war theory, both from a Christian and from a political or humanistic standpoint. Even Hugo Grotius acknowledged that “just war theory contributes to the likelihood and ferocity of war” (19). Keywords: catholic; church; conflict; ethic; francis; isis; jesus; justice; mccarthy; nonviolent; peace; people; pope; resistance; u.s; violence; war; way
• Our Vocation Is Peacebuilding (Construo pacem est nostra vocatione) by none (2018) - Finally, perhaps the major gap is that the practice of Catholic peacebuilding is so rare. In addressing what is distinctive about Catholic peacebuilding, a synod would have to avoid any hint of triumphalism, exclusivity, or parochialism. Keywords: catholic; church; conflict; ethics; new; nonviolence; peacebuilding; synod; teaching; vocation; war; world
• Why I Shall Continue to Use and Teach Just War Theory by none (2018) - I then conclude with an autobiographical account of why I will continue to teach just war theory, and I propose “integral peace” as an ethical framework that encompasses not only “active 143 Winright nonviolence on the road to just peace” (to use the language of the Appeal) but also the moral reasoning traditionally referred to as just war theory.4 Not the First to Do So: Antecedent Calls to Reconsider Just War This is not the first time that just war theory has been called into question by Catholics, including over the last century or so, particularly in connection with modern, total warfare. Hence, for the editorial, the possibility of just war is much narrower and limited—but nonetheless still a possibility, even as the editorial asserts that there has been “a development of the Christian conscience regarding the absolute immorality of war. Keywords: appeal; catholic; christian; council; criteria; force; michel; new; nonviolence; peace; tobias; use; war; war theory; winright
• Integrating Non-Profit Leadership and Social Entrepreneurship into Catholic Business Education by none (2019) - While a number of business schools are influenced by these two factors in opting for non-profit leadership or social entrepreneurship programs, I think that Catholic business schools should consider these as opportunities for redefining traditional business education rather than just following the pack in starting programs or degrees in non-profit leadership and/or social entrepreneurship. [Expositions 13.1 (2019) 20–30] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Integrating Non-Profit Leadership and Social Entrepreneurship into Catholic Business Education NICHOLAS J.C. SANTOS, S.J. Marquette University Here is the Twitter version of my thesis: If Catholic business schools are to prepare their students for careers in non-profit and social entrepreneurial organizations as well as for-profit organizations, it will result in Catholic business education becoming more Catholic. Keywords: april; business; catholic; education; entrepreneurship; leadership; profit; schools; social; university
• Introduction by none (2020) - In this context, the authors will address some of the arguments raised about supporting just war, which has been an area of recent focus for some scholars in Expositions and elsewhere.10 Others, such as Cardinal Turkson, have argued that the development of understanding and practices of nonviolence may be distracted or obscured by the ongoing commitment to just war in the Catholic community, even when that is not the stated intention.11 There are also significant questions about the consistency of just war with Jesus’s way, how just war has primarily functioned to justify or enable war, how it has been an inadequate or ineffective constraint on war, how it still gets us stuck in vicious cycles of violence even when war appears just, and how it has failed to form us, particularly as peacemakers.12 For example, in 2017, Bishop McElroy said that the just war principles have “become only a little bit less than a green light” for war, and that the Church must “recognize the The Future of Nonviolence in Catholic Social Teaching 4   increasing incapacity of the just war tradition to be an effective constraint on warfare in the modern age. Nearly 66 million people are displaced by war and violence, which comes out to one in every 113 people, with children making up half of all refugees.3 The Yemen war has killed over 100,000 civilians plus one person every hour dying from cholera,4 not to mention wars in South Sudan, Libya, DRC, Somalia, etc. Keywords: catholic; church; nonviolence; peace; teaching; war
• The Realism Objection to Setting Aside Just War Theory: A Response by none (2020) - For them, “Even if the case for just war is rare, such cases still occur. 3. Peter Steinfels, “The War Against Just War: Enough Already,” Commonweal June 16, 2017, https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/war-against-just-war. 4. Keywords: alternatives; catholic; cochran; conflict; international; john; new; nonviolent; order; paul; peace; pope; press; violence; war; wars; world
• Nonviolence as a Tradition of Moral Praxis by none (2020) - Rather, as many have argued across the theological, philosophical, and political spectrum, what we are left with are traditions of reasoned inquiry. First, I explain more fully what I mean by tradition by engaging the work of moral philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre, social theorist Pierre Bourdieu, and theologian Kathryn Tanner. Keywords: argument; catholic; jesus; macintyre; new; nonviolence; praxis; press; social; teaching; tradition; university; war; war tradition
• Catholic Nonviolence: Transforming Military Institutions by none (2020) - There appears to be considerable agreement about this, even from perspectives that still uphold the just war concept.47 However, some of these same supporters have gone so far to claim that I and others fail to see how just war theory has been used to argue against war and to restrain war.48 They further suggest that since it has been used in this way, then this legitimates the ongoing use and refinement of just war theories. Others have suggested that I claim anyone who uses just war theories to assess war are trying to “prepare” for or “seek a just war. Keywords: catholic; church; civilian; conflict; defense; ethic; genocide; institutions; international; mccarthy; military; nonviolent; peace; people; protection; rwandan; violence; war
• What Will It Take: Learning from Pope Francis’s Peacebuilding Pedagogy by none (2020) - At various points throughout the document Pope Francis argues for active nonviolence by citing cycles of violence and the need to escape them. But while Catholic proponents of active nonviolence have already been doing all of these things themselves, Francis also challenges them with additional points of agenda: (4) He sends a clear signal that any Church-wide reception of gospel nonviolence will require more than Learning from Pope Francis’s Peacebuilding Pedagogy 138 critique of the just war theory, but must positively fill the space that just war theory has historically intended to fill. Keywords: catholic; christian; church; francis; mount; nonviolence; peace; pope; sermon; theory; war
• Pope Francis, Nonviolence, and Catholic Teaching on War by none (2020) - Conclusion This paper has explored some of the history of Catholic teaching on war, including the nonviolent ethos of Jesus and the early Church, the subsequent development of just war teaching, and the critical rethinking concerning war that has taken place since Vatican II. In general, though, studies have shown that mass nonviolent action has succeeded in ending repressive regimes more often, more quickly, and with less loss of life than attempts at ending such regimes through violence.60 It should also be noted that those who emphasize a more restrictive version of just war as being preferable to a principled embrace of nonviolence can themselves be criticized for naivety in thinking that such a restrictive version of just war will ever have widespread influence within Church or society and be able to fundamentally impact concrete action. Keywords: catholic; christian; church; francis; john; nonviolence; paul; peace; pope; pope john; teaching; war
• You Say Tertullian, I Say Augustine: An Essay on Intra-Catholic Dialogue on War, Peace, and Justice by Bergman, Roger (2023) - Sniegocki also (unknowingly) gives a nod to the project of my book: “support for refusal to participate [in unjust wars], however, must be an integral part of any serious 41 Bergman application of just war principles, which include the firm moral obligation not to serve in wars that do not meet strict just war criteria. It seems surprising that in more than two dozen references to loving enemies, only Justin Martyr, Clement of Alexandria, and (very briefly) Irenaeus and Lactantius draw any explicit connection between loving enemies and war. Keywords: catholic; christian; church; enemies; expositions; ibid; jesus; john; justice; love; military; new; nonviolence; peace; resistance; tradition; war
• Whither Traditional Catholic Institutions? by none (2010) - 20 He correctly pointed out that in the late 1960s leaders at Catholic institutions did not think carefully enough about how they would preserve their institutional identities with the implementation of, e.g., the famous “Land O’ Lakes” statement. JOHN W. CARLSON Department of Philosophy Creighton University In recent years, concerns about “identity” have increasingly arisen at what may be called traditional Catholic institutions. Keywords: academic; american; bishops; campus; cases; catholic; education; faculty; identity; institutions; issues; students; theology; universities; university

• Ethics Education: More Than a Good Idea? by none (2013) - 15 In light of this conception of morality as developing out of our “structuring tendencies,” the aim of moral education, Kohlberg claims, “should be to stimulate people’s thinking ability over time in ways which will enable them to use more adequate and complex reasoning patterns to solve moral problems” 16 : reduced to a catchphrase, “stimulation of movement to the next stage of moral reasoning.” 17 Kohlberg presents some evidence that students at higher stages of moral judgment cheat much less than do students at lower stages, 18 but it is important to understand that, for him, “[s]tructures of moral judgment must be distinguished from the content of moral judgment,” which is to say both that how persons formulate a judgment does not issue in an invariant judgment about what ought to be done (or all the more that they will do it) and that, again in Kohlberg’s words, “the mere fact that a stage is later does not make it morally better.” 19 Another way to put this point is to say that, even as a person grows able “to use more adequate and complex reasoning patterns to solve moral problems,” whether he or she will in fact come to the correct solution of a problem is a further question. Instead, how we think about these questions bears concretely on the business of colleges and universities in our world today: more precisely, on what ethics courses at these levels should look like and aim for; on whether they have any place at all in college or core curricula; and on whether it is legitimate or even sensible for colleges to include character formation or, more modestly, increased facility in “moral reasoning” among the aims of liberal education. Keywords: education; ethics; good; kohlberg; mearsheimer; virtue
• What’s the Purpose of Ethics Education? by none (2013) - RONALD DUSKA Business Ethics Zone Consulting The purpose or aim of ethics education seems simple. However, we might ask whether ethics education can achieve this goal of improving behavior. Keywords: education; ethics; knowledge; people; reasons; rules; student
• Why Teach Moral Development? by none (2013) - I think moral education helps us to realize our power and be aware of how what we do really does matter to a grander scale. If it is delivered to students in a lecture format, it cannot teach virtue or moral reasoning. Keywords: class; development; education; ideas; students; teaching
• Educating for Ethical Engagement: Teaching Ethics to Graduate and Professional Students by none (2013) - In this essay, I will describe the goals of ethics education for two main categories of post- baccalaureate students: graduate students and professional students. I conclude with a discussion of evaluation and 73 Schonfeld assessment of ethics education for graduate and professional students, and demonstrate how these essential features ultimately cycle back to goal development and curricular design. Keywords: curriculum; education; ethics; graduate; health; journal; medical; medicine; professional; research; students; teaching
• Introduction to the Symposium: Civic Education in the Ancients and America by none (2014) - When the conversation turns to civic education today, several questions are immediately raised: What are the conditions for civic education? Keywords: cicero; civic; education; good
• Aristotelian Pluralism and Diversity: The Conditions for Civic Education and the Common Good by none (2014) - Socratic Education This reliance upon the golden mean for education also explains Aristotle’s criticism of Plato’s Republic where Socrates prescribes a political unity that reduces the polis to the household and, thus, destroys the political community as such (Politics 1261a21–22).11 Socrates proposes that all citizens regard one another as siblings by sharing family life and property communally, which, in turn, would reconcile conflicts of interest that destroy political communities (Republic 464a4– c4). While speaking about how political communities should educate children for its own peculiar ends, Aristotle concludes that “the best character (ethos) is always a cause of a better political community (politeias)” (Politics 1137a16–17). Keywords: aristotle; citizens; community; education; friendship; good; household; justice; politics; press; university
• The Civic Education of Cicero’s Ideal Orator by none (2014) - Likewise, in de Oratore, Crassus implies that contemporary orators lack the legal expertise of their ancestors: there are fewer who know the law and can effectively advise their fellow citizens and more whose ignorance threatens the welfare of others.56 Cicero thus posits a correlation between the decline of legal knowledge and the Republic’s increasing lawlessness. 3.2–10).22 Cicero sets his dialogue, a work of historical fiction, on the eve of this crisis. Keywords: antonius; cicero; clodius; crassus; dialogue; education; greek; ideal; knowledge; law; men; orator; people; press; republic; roman; rome; senate; university
• Presidential Statesmanship as Civic Education by none (2015) - One would be hard pressed to deny FDR’s lasting influence on our expectations of presidential speechmaking, and on our expectations about the kind of civic education presidents should offer to the American people. In the remaining sections, relying particularly on their public rhetoric, I explain and compare civic “lessons” provided by Presidents Lincoln, Wilson, and Franklin Roosevelt.1 By comparing the fundamental ideas presented in their respective writings and speeches, we can discern an important development in the character and content of presidential civic education. Keywords: american; education; founders; government; lincoln; nature; new; people; presidents; principles; rights; roosevelt; statesmanship; wilson
• “It Must Develop Men”: Frederick Douglass and Education in Nineteenth-Century America by none (2015) - Douglass later favored classical education but black education in antebellum America needed to serve immediate financial ends and prove the black man could flourish in freedom, develop a sound work ethic, and become a productive citizen in society. Considered the “community leaders” and “interracial diplomats” of the black community, teaching oftentimes served as a springboard into politics.74 Black teachers invested in the success of the Republican Party for they knew that ensured Southern black education. Keywords: bureau; douglass; education; frederick; freedom; ibid; lincoln; man; new; race; reconstruction; slavery; war
• American Paideia: Public and Private Leadership and the Cultivation of Civic Virtue by none (2015) - The problem, as Emerson sees it, is that man is divorced from nature and, consequently, alienated from himself.49 Emerson portrays alienated man as the opposite of the child who is described as being whole.50 Children are whole in the sense that their inward and outward senses remain truly adjusted to one another.51 This allows the child to be “independent” whereas the divided adult is “clapped into jail” by his or her 137 Barkalow consciousness.52 By consciousness, Emerson does not refer to the internal mechanism that regulates human behavior. The scholar aids us is the re- discovery of our soul and the ethical codes that reside there.94 Emerson, like Plato’s statesman, recognizes that the great aim of philosophy and education is the soul.95 Only when the soul is properly educated is liberation possible and, at a political level, is genuine self-governance possible.96 Emersonian Prospects Keywords: american; education; emerson; fate; ibid; leadership; man; press; private; public; scholar; self; statesman; university; virtue
• Crisis, Opportunity, Danger? Mark C. Taylor’s “End the University as We Know It" by none (2009) - Of course, Taylor—long a professor of religion at Williams College, more recently chair of the religion department at Columbia University—is hardly a lone voice in his criticism of what Alasdair MacIntyre, to name another critic, has called “the fragmentation of the American university.” This is the context for the bombshell opening sentences of Mark C. Taylor’s April 26, 2009 New York Times op-ed, “End the University as We Know It.” Keywords: education; taylor
• Needed: Some (Any!) Philosophy of Higher Education by none (2009) - Faculty griping about administration is old hat, but faculty need to do more than gripe. If the aim of classical education was training in character, the dominance of religion and its teachers fit this aim. Keywords: curriculum; education; faculty; research; university
• What’s the Matter with Footnotes? by none (2009) - But specialization is not always-already narrowness; if it were, then the academic collaboration that Taylor extols would entail locking several blinkered professors in a room and hoping they come up with answers to global problems. Mark C. Taylor disparages academic specialization as “more and more about less and less,” as if specialization requires small-mindedness and lack of intellectual ambition. Keywords: education; religion; study; taylor; university; work
• Ethics after Kohlberg: Catholic Social Teaching as Example and Test by none (2016) - According to this school, “morality […] is neither ‘taught’ nor ‘caught’ but is inexorably developed out of each individual’s personal struggle to make sense of the world”7—more technically, the personal struggle to come to terms with “problematic situations of conflict” in which a previously settled mode of structuring our relationships with others is found no longer to fit with, or quite literally to “do justice to,” new elements of our experience that we are invested in maintaining.8 In light of this conception of morality as developing out of our “structuring tendencies,” the aim of moral education, Kohlberg claims, “should be to stimulate people’s thinking ability over time in ways which will enable them to use more adequate and complex reasoning patterns to solve moral problems”9: reduced to a Ethics after Kohlberg 2 catchphrase, “stimulation of movement to the next stage of moral reasoning. This question is pressing in light of research finding that, in the words of a onetime representative of Kohlberg’s school, “there is only a weak link between moral reasoning and moral action.”11 Keywords: character; cst; education; ethics; kohlberg; reasoning
• Madison, Lincoln, and Civic Education by none (2016) - “Conscious or Subconscious Caesarism: A Critique of Recent Scholarly Attempts to Put Lincoln on the Analyst’s Couch.” The type of civic education Lincoln is calling for then is not one that will produce a blind faith, a willingness to follow the Constitution no matter the consequences. Keywords: attachment; constitution; education; federalist; government; lincoln; madison; passions; people; reason
• The Public Value of Higher Education by none (2018) - Some critics of higher education have followed the concerns laid out in the 2006 Spellings Commission’s Report, A Test of Leadership, that finds the American workforce is increasingly ill- prepared for a globalized “knowledge economy” because of the marginalization of undergraduate learning in American colleges and universities.1 Works like Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses and We’re Losing Our Minds: Rethinking American Higher Education confirm these fears that American higher education is not providing the requisite skills for a twenty-first-century workforce.2 According to these critics, the crisis of American higher education is its inability to deliver an education for the United States to remain competitive in a globalized economy. Books like Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities, Why Choose the Liberal Arts, and Education’s End: Why Our Colleges and Universities Have Given up on the Meaning of Life defend the need of liberal education in an academic environment that is increasingly being defined by economic utility.3 Although these authors differ in their reasons as to why liberal education is essential to American higher education, they all agree that liberal education, particularly the humanities, should return to the center of colleges’ and universities’ curriculum—a similar argument that was made more than thirty years ago in Allan Bloom’s Closing the American Mind.4 Keywords: american; colleges; education; mission; new; press; public; universities; university
• The Character Model for the American University by none (2018) - Stop Treating It Like One,” Selingo criticizes higher education for promoting the economic benefits of a college degree, the mismatch between curriculum and student success, and the growth of administrative staff at the expense of faculty to make the four-year degree into an “assembly line” experience for students.14 For Selingo, American higher education is primarily responsible for the public seeing colleges and universities as a business that only looks out for their own interests: students are customers, faculty are employees, and alumni are financial donors. [Expositions 12.2 (2018) 132–151] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 The Character Model for the American University LEE TREPANIER Saginaw Valley State University The collapse of confidence in American higher education highlights two public concerns about its value: the cost no longer outweighs its economic benefits and colleges and universities have become havens for liberal ideologues whose values are at odds with most Americans. Keywords: american; character; colleges; education; faculty; model; new; press; public; students; universities; university; value
• Public Higher Education and the Responsibility to Invite Students to the Political by none (2018) - The article, then, raises the possibility that the problem lies with a deficiency of civic education in American schools: Public schools are failing at what the nation’s founders saw as education’s most basic purpose: preparing young people to be reflective citizens who would value liberty and democracy and resist the appeals of demagogues. It is not, however, quite the case that civic education has been eradicated from the realm of higher education policy. Keywords: american; community; democracy; education; government; ideas; identity; learning; life; lilla; new; students; university
• “We’ll Manage”? -- European Public Universities and the Refugee Crisis by none (2018) - Among other services, we established a “discovery semester,” i.e., the possibility for refugee students to attend university courses during one term. After all, public universities draw on one main funding source: taxpayers. Keywords: courses; crisis; education; germany; institutions; public; refugees; society; students; switzerland; und; universities; university
• On Being Quite a Few Things to Quite a Few People: Ethics Pedagogy as Stratified, Personal, Utopian Nudging by none (2020) - MacIntyre, “Alasdair MacIntyre on Education: MacIntyre, “Alasdair MacIntyre on Education: Keywords: comte; course; education; ethics; freud; good; life; love; macintyre; morality; pedagogy; people; sponville; students; teacher; university; virtues
• Forming Moral Agents in Bioethics Education “after Morality” by none (2020) - So the student of medical ethics turns to moral philosophy.32 He goes on to describe the failures of moral philosophy to respond to this kind of dilemma, and he concludes that good ethics education needs to form the moral character of the person so that she is equipped to respond to whatever comes her way.33 Not only is every medical ethics case different depending on particularities of the situation, but the kinds of quandaries that arise are often completely unpredictable. Another way that ethics education in health care can improve is through a commitment not only to teaching students about virtue ethics (as most textbooks in medical ethics do), but also to fostering their growth in virtue. Keywords: bioethics; care; clinicians; education; ethics; goods; health; macintyre; medicine; patients; physician; practice
• What Colleges Can Learn from Covid-19: A Conversation with Ted Dintersmith by Carpenter, Kaley M. (2023) - Supposing we gave academic credit to college students who can’t be on campus for finding children in their community who are desperate for instruction. Dintersmith 60 Ted Dintersmith: I’m a big supporter of a different way to apply to colleges, called the Coalition for Access, and in theory it looks at real examples of student work. Keywords: carpenter; college; dintersmith; education; history; kids; school; students; ted; way; world
• Serf or Savior? The Struggle For Equity on Behalf of Adjunct Faculty by none (2010) - The Struggle for Equity on Behalf of Adjunct Faculty JEANNE BRODY Program in Art History Villanova University The status of university faculty variously designated as Adjuncts, Part-timers, Lecturers, or Instructors is unquestionably connected to the notion of collegiality on today‟s campus. The question to ask in 2010 is this: Should adjunct faculty, many of whom hold terminal degrees, who have a lifetime of experience after having taught semester after semester at the same institution, and who contribute to the strength of the programs in which they teach, be considered primarily as cost-savers for their university? Keywords: adjuncts; education; faculty; students; tenure; time; universities; university
• Classics in Italy and Great Britain by none (2011) - Publishing responds to school education much more directly than to University programs. From the mid-40s, grammar schools became selective, state- funded institutions. Keywords: education; homer; italy; latin; school
• W.E.B. DuBois and Socratic Questioning by none (2008) - DuBois appeals to Socrates and Francis early in Souls, in his first discussion and critique of Booker T. Washington, a critique that takes aim at Washington’s willingness to endure the exclusion of black youth from higher education. In what follows we will examine a series of Socratic themes in the writings of W.E.B. DuBois: the paradoxical status of images, poten- tially enslaving and liberating, and the nature of liberal education; the appeal to nature as a basis for a critique of corrupt customs; and DuBois’s response to the charge of elitism, a charge often leveled against Socrates as well. Keywords: america; black; dubois; education; equinox; human; life; ltd; publishing; questioning; socrates; souls; w.e.b; white

• Enhancement and Cheating by none (2008) - ought we still to be worried about the fairness of cognitive enhancement? cognitive enhancement could help prevent such lapses. Keywords: enhancement; qualifications; students
• Making the Case For What Matters: The Future of the English Department by none (2012) - Donoghue also notes a fundamental tension between teaching and research that pulls at humanities scholars; more so than other fields, the humanities, especially English, is defined in large part by labor-intensive teaching, usually in writing. Media outlets ranging from NPR to the Wall Street Journal to the New York Daily News interrogate the worth of a liberal arts degree on an almost weekly basis, and members of English departments everywhere have wrung their hands in desperation at having to answer for it as they watch the numbers of majors and the size of enrollments Making the Case for What Matters 50 dwindle. Keywords: department; discipline; english; humanities; students
• Learning from the Labs: Reimagining Ethics Instruction by none (2013) - Margaret Urban Walker calls this approach a theoretical-juridical model, which she describes in this way: “The regnant type of moral theory in contemporary ethics is a codifiable (and usually compact) set of moral formulas (or procedures for selecting formulas) that can be applied by any agent to a situation to yield a justified and determinate action-guiding judgment.” But it is just as striking to observe the paucity of studies and assessment done of traditional ethics courses and their outcomes, including not only student knowledge of ethical theories, but also, more important, how students think about actual choices they encounter. Keywords: approach; ethics; learning; reasoning; science; students; teaching; theory
• Mearsheimer’s Mistakes: Why Colleges Should (and Inevitably Do) Provide Moral Guidance by none (2013) - College students are older and have less plastic characters; there is more emphasis in college on intellectual and career training and less on social adjustment; and as Mearsheimer notes, there is a greater stress on teaching students “how to think,” as opposed to “what to think.” At a minimum, as we have seen, such values include (a) academic success virtues such as accuracy, hard work, and honesty and (b) student handbook values such as respect for privacy and responsible use of information technology. Keywords: college; ethics; fish; mearsheimer; professors; students; teaching; values
• Slimmer, Brighter, and Nearly Perfect: The New Big History Textbook Is Here by none (2014) - The book that triggered such reaction is a seemingly unassuming volume, Big History: Between Nothing and Everything (2013), written by historians David Christian, Cynthia Stokes Brown, and Craig Benjamin, and published by McGraw-Hill. Big history brings together the whole of natural and human history, all 13.8 billion years of it. Keywords: big; faculty; history; students; textbook; year
• Reforming Graduate Science Education: Start in the Classroom by none (2009) - Teaching require- ments for science graduate students are often minimal and do not afford a real opportunity to learn about pedagogy. Whereas Taylor suggests tying different universities together, it appears that science graduate students would benefit instead from training from other schools within the university. Keywords: faculty; graduate; research; science; students; teaching
• The Challenge of Teaching Analytic Philosophy to Undergraduates by none (2016) - Students perceive analytic philosophy to be “hard”; and more importantly, they find it too abstract, too nit-picking, too technical, and ultimately having no relevance to their lives or their concerns. The alienation between analytic philosophy and the current college student body is not a reflection of the demise of student intellect or the incompetence of instructors, but the current state of analytic philosophy. Keywords: analysis; chinese; language; philosophers; philosophy; reality; students; time
• Professional Philosophy, “Diversity,” and Racist Exclusion by none (2018) - Some of these claims manifest in Van Norden’s book, and as nonwhite Mexican-American in professional philosophy, I must admit that I am happy to see more “mainstream” (read “white”) philosophers willing to engage in this type of metaphilosophical debate. That being said, whereas Taking Back Philosophy poses a series of internal challenges to professional philosophy, it pales in comparison to the critical work on the diversification of philosophy done from the margins of academic philosophy, from the decolonial, Latin American, indigenous, feminist, and Africana thought of the past three decades. Keywords: american; color; diversification; diversity; justice; norden; people; philosophers; philosophy; students; van
• The Return on Investment of a Non-Profit Career by none (2019) - Regardless of employee age, non-profit employees note greater contentment in their posts than their confrères in business. Recommendations for the future First and foremost, I highly recommend non-profit jobs as a means of discovering unparalleled satisfaction. Keywords: anera; business; employees; job; leadership; new; non; profit; servant; staff; students; work; world; years
• Moral Education in the Classroom: A Lived Experiment by none (2020) - [Expositions 14.1 (2020) 34–50] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Moral Education in the Classroom: A Lived Experiment REBECCA KONYNDYK DEYOUNG Calvin University [I]t is perhaps the principal task of the political and moral theorist to enable rational agents to learn what they need to learn from the social and cultural tradition that they inherit, while becoming able to put in question that particular tradition’s distortions and errors and so, often enough, engaging in a quarrel with some dominant forms of their own political moral culture.1 What would a course on ethics look like if it took into account Alasdair MacIntyre’s concerns about actually teaching students ethical practices? As a last point of objection, (e) moral judgment and choice cannot be captured in or taught as technique to be applied by just anyone (e.g., just any college undergraduate), regardless of moral character or experience. Keywords: approach; character; course; ethics; exercise; good; life; macintyre; practice; self; students; university; virtue
• Teach the Stories, not the Debates: On MacIntyre’s Suggestion to Use Novels to Teach Ethics by none (2020) - And certainly any novel that will develop the kind of moral outlook MacIntyre promotes will present the challenge of needing to understand what character traits allow the characters to understand and respond well to the 81 Rodgers problems of their own situation, and how the reader herself might cultivate those same traits in herself. And in both Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity and After Virtue, MacIntyre points to Sartre’s La Nausée as an example of a novel whose primary import is precisely to undermine the points about narrative MacIntyre is keen to stress.13 Nor will it do to advance the familiar argument that novels (or fictions generally, including short stories, films, etc.) serve well in an introductory capacity for ethics and other philosophy subjects, since they are accessible entry points. Keywords: course; debates; ethics; macintyre; novels; students
• Homeless Chic in the Classroom by none (2011) - Students consider the challenges United States culture faces in its attempts to think differently about homelessness – at the ways it appropriates or makes use of figures of homelessness, and the ways literature markets, thematizes, racializes, and symbolizes homelessness. In it, we examine poverty in its most extreme form – through the experience of homelessness. Keywords: chic; class; homelessness; students
• Classics in American Schools by none (2011) - Because reading is integral to the classroom and part of the daily life of Latin students, it is important to articulate the skills it develops: comprehension, analytical thinking, and flexible thinking. Latin students improve reading comprehension by using root words, prefixes and suffixes to increase word recognition. Keywords: classical; classics; latin; standards; students; study
• Care of the Soul: Service-Learning and the Value of the Humanities by none (2008) - Examination of the social nature of the person is complemented by discussions of solidarity through service work; the problem of evil by reflections on human suffering; the meaning of race by consid- eration of the demographics of Philadelphia; end-of-life issues by students working at nursing homes; moral questions concerning impairments and disabilities by students serving wheelchair com- munities; theories of distributive justice by stories from soup kitch- ens and homeless outreach agencies—and so on. But it’s just as important that questions about God, the divine, faith and the rationality (or irration- 10 Care of the Soul © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008 ality) of religious belief are not dismissed altogether, as they might be by students who would equate all forms of religious commitment with “fundamentalism.” Keywords: care; humanities; kronman; service; students

• 2. Comments on A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth by none (2012) - So while he acknowledges that a disturbed site has experienced a disruption or discontinuity that cannot be undone, Rolston wants us to recognize that there are other aspects of natural value that can return: a restored site can again be natural and wild, in the sense that natural processes can return as can significant freedom from human control. Elliot highlights the free play of natural processes as a source of natural value, and argues that restored sites lack that value: they are inevitably diminished in relation to their undisturbed counterparts. Keywords: ethics; nature; new; restoration; rolston; value; world
• Pater's Portraits: The Aesthetic Hero in 1890 (Part II) by none (2009) - After the death of Pater in 1894, both C.L. Shadwell and Edmund Gosse prepared a number of his important remaining manuscripts for posthumous publication; but when Macmillan suggested publish- ing still other manuscripts, Clara Pater, her brother’s administrator, declined because she felt the remainder not sufficiently finished and did not wish “that any work of his should appear in a form less complete than he would himself have approved” (1896, vii). In conjunction with Walter Pater’s unfinished manuscript, “Gaudioso, the Second,” recently published in Expositions (Monsman 2008), a sec- ond manuscript fragment from among Pater’s papers is now also printed here for the first time: “Tibalt the Albigense” (circa 1890). Keywords: beauty; equinox; hero; like; ltd; matter; monsman; pater; portraits; publishing; renaissance; spirit; tibalt; world
• 2. Shaping Worldviews: Contextualizing Roman Science by none (2012) - While the Romans are at the heart of this study, the questions examined by Lehoux extend beyond the geographical and chronological parameters of the book, making it a welcome contribution to the history of science. In addressing the question raised in his title, Lehoux describes the social, political, and religious context in which scientific ideas were developed in the Roman world between the first century BCE and the second century CE. Keywords: lehoux; ptolemy; science; world
• 3. Getting “Wrong” Right by none (2012) - Indeed, on one way of looking at it, the history of the sciences is virtually a catalogue of different ways of doing it…” (Lehoux 2012, 1) Estrangement of Roman thought, and of ancient science more generally, is a crucial part of Lehoux’s strategy for allowing his reader to see Roman scientific thought through new eyes. In rejecting the received wisdom of a 20th-century philosophy of science which strives at all costs to fit scientific theories into a deductive model, Lehoux’s approach can be constructively juxtaposed with that of Rom Harré’s The Principles of Scientific Thinking (1970). Keywords: harré; laws; lehoux; nature; science; world
• Going Global: Cervantes’ Don Quixote Rides into the Future by none (2012) - Courses that focus more closely on the Quixote could discuss the reception of the novel across cultures and time periods, for that study reveals much about the audience and circulation of bestsellers, the growth of print technology, translation on a global scale, and the history of ideas, as Don Quixote has garnered new interpretations with the passage of time. Another commonplace with a basis in fact is that every novel composed since Don Quixote engages consciously or unconsciously with Cervantes’ masterpiece in one way or another, and so some professors may choose to address the huge topic of the Quixote’s influence, in courses which might include such varied works as Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1818), Flaubert’s Madame Bovary (1856), Dostoyevsky’s The Idiot (1868-69), Soseki’s Grass Pillow (1906), or more contemporary works like Paul Auster’s City of Glass (1985). Keywords: books; cervantes; don; don quixote; new; novel; quixote; sancho; university; world
• An Award Heard Around the World? Ismail Kadare and the Inaugural Man Booker International Prize by none (2007) - Th e Successor. Kadare’s most recent U.S. publications include Agamemnon’s Daugh- ter: A Novella and Stories (2006) and Th e Successor (2005). Keywords: albanian; casanova; english; international; kadare; prize; publishing; successor; world; writers
• Clearing Being: Donald Barthelme’s Snow White and the Thought of Martin Heidegger by none (2015) - With his 1965 novel Snow White, he turned to the ancient genre of the fairy tale to accomplish this goal. The tale of Snow White, with its beautiful young girl, a malicious older woman, and a combination of magic, evil, love, and transformation, has been called “one our most powerful cultural stories” (Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm 243) and Snow White herself “the best known fairy-tale character in this country” (Tatar, The Classic Fairy Tales 70). Keywords: barthelme; fairy; heidegger; language; new; novel; snow; snow white; tale; white; world
• Jonathan Bate, Worcester College, Oxford by none (2017) - And there was that mutual suspicion between Shakespeare theater people and Shakespeare academics, whereas now, though there are occasional moments of bafflement, on the whole it’s a fantastically positive relationship. That then of course got me interested in early Shakespeare, and when in the mid-1990s the Arden Shakespeare series was being restarted, Richard Proudfoot, the General Editor of the Arden, read my book on Shakespeare and Ovid and thought I was the obvious person to edit Titus Andronicus. Keywords: bate; book; life; lot; oxford; people; reading; shakespeare; spiro; theater; thinking; time; way; work; world
• The Function of Pantagruelion in Rabelais’s Quart Livre by none (2018) - Thus Pantagruelion, like Atropos, signifies death, inevitability, and necessity, but also the The Function of Pantagruelion in Rabelais’s Quart Livre 10     future and eternity—something that, as La Rochefoucauld later wrote, “ne se peuvent regarder fixement” [cannot be looked on fixedly].31 In Rabelais’s text, however, some can look at death more fixedly than others. Smith, Paul J. Voyage et Écriture: Etude sur le Quart Livre de Rabelais. Keywords: atropos; belief; comme; function; human; les; leviathan; livre; moly; narrator; nature; odysseus; pantagruelion; panurge; physeter; plant; point; quart; quart livre; rabelais; things; tiers; whale; world
• Pleading the Case: Paying Attention to Works of Fiction as well as Fictional Worlds by none (2018) - What kind of philosophical work can be done by paying attention to things such as characterization, plot, or perspective? In this section I want to draw attention to the tendency of PLC to focus almost exclusively on the fictional worlds that are realized through various works of fiction. Keywords: attention; features; fiction; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; plc; press; shakespeare; university; way; work; world
• Just War in the Twenty-First Century: Nonviolence, Post Bellum Justice, and R2P by none (2018) - Pope Francis, in response to the suggestion of some Pax Christi members that he should condemn just war, wrote, “the Council recognized that, since war has not been eradicated from the human condition, ‘governments cannot be denied the right to legitimate defense once every means of peaceful settlement has been exhausted.’” In these reflections on the future of just war, I want, however, to approach three different issues that have emerged from the past thirty years of conflict and that require further examination and refinement. Keywords: building; conflict; forgiveness; intervention; john; justice; new; nonviolence; peace; pope; post; r2p; reconciliation; responsibility; rights; state; u.s; war; world
• Jumping into Combat without a Parachute—on Purpose? by none (2018) - Today’s warrior ethic includes a mode of thought that incorporates the tenets of just war theory, the so-called laws of armed conflict, and international humanitarian laws, embodied in such agreements as the conventions of Hague and Geneva. The concepts of just war theory developed by early theologians and the related concepts of chivalry extant in the medieval period explain much of the warrior ethos as it exists today. Keywords: military; peace; soldiers; theory; violence; war; world
• Taking Back Philosophy -- Through Reform, not Revolution by none (2018) - 2. Nicholas Tampio, “Not All Things Wise and Good Are Philosophy,” Aeon September 13, 2016, https://aeon.co/ideas/not-all-things-wise-and-good-are-philosophy; Jay Garfield, Foreword to Taking Back Philosophy by Bryan Van Norden (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), xvi; Van Norden, Taking Back Philosophy, 12–13. Jay Garfield and Bryan Van Norden, “If Philosophy Won’t Diversify, Let’s Call It What It Really Is,” The Stone May 11, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/opinion/if- philosophy-wont-diversify-lets-call-it-what-it-really-is.html; Van Norden 36. Keywords: arts; canon; change; chapter; lctp; mainstream; norden; philosophy; van; van norden; world
• Globalizing Philosophy by none (2018) - Microsoft Word - 5 Wawrytko.docx [Expositions 12.2 (2018) 54–68] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Globalizing Philosophy SANDRA A. WAWRYTKO San Diego State University One of the most important lessons I have learned from Chinese philosophy is the power of the Image, which challenges the logocentrism of Amero-eurocentric philosophies. Is this the true meaning of our multicultural endeavor?2 I heartily agree with Van Norden that Chinese philosophy, like other “non-Western” philosophies, has a vital role to play in the world today, and that it has much to contribute to global culture. Keywords: class; human; image; meaning; new; nietzsche; philosophers; philosophy; trans; university; wawrytko; world; york
• Classics and Comparative Study by none (2011) - E.g., G. E. R. Lloyd, Adversaries and Authorities: Investigations into Ancient Greek and Chinese Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); The Ambitions of Curiosity: Understanding the World in Ancient Greece and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections: Philosophical Perspectives on Greek and Chinese Science and Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004); The Delusions of Invulnerability: Wisdom and Morality in Ancient Greece, China and Today (London: Duckworth, 2005); Principles and Practices in Ancient Greek and Chinese Science (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006); Geoffrey Lloyd and Nathan Sivin, The Way and the Word. Among the wealth of inspiring work on material culture one might single out Sarah P. Morris, Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992) and Margaret Christina Miller, Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study Classics and Comparative Study 8 in Cultural Receptivity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). Keywords: classics; greek; literature; oxford; press; study; university; world
• Neo-Missionaries and the Polemics of Helping by none (2011) - The authors also recognize that “This is not a tidy world of tyrannical men and victimized women, but a messier realm of oppressive social customs adhered to be men and women alike” (Kristof and WuDunn 2009, 69). Hundreds of millions of women are living in peril. Keywords: action; authors; helping; individual; kristof; problem; women; world; wudunn
• The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Study in the Unconscious Appeal of Contempt by none (2011) - For example, Alan Bullock, author of Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, and perhaps the most famous of the biographers of the Nazi leader, is cited in Ron Rosenbaum’s 1998 book, Explaining Hitler, as saying: “The more I learn about Hitler, the harder I find it to explain” (in Rosenbaum 1998, vii). Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil. Keywords: contempt; hitler; kubizek; mind; nazi; new; people; realism; right; siegel; world; york
• Pater's Portraits: the Aesthetic Hero in 1890 by none (2008) - Art, love, and beauty had been for Pater, during the first 1880s phase of writing Gaston de Latour, a particular preoccupation but one that had grown so much after the publication of Dorian that by his 1890 August–September long vacation period Pater felt compelled, after a two-year hiatus in the novel’s serialization, to resume composition with an intention to finish. In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Walter Pater’s various projects included both the writing of Gaston de Latour (1988, 1890–1893), a novel set in Renaissance France, and “Gaudioso, the Second,” a story of Renaissance Italy—neither of which were ever brought to comple- tion. Keywords: art; beauty; dorian; equinox; gaston; gaudioso; love; ltd; new; pater; plato; publishing; wilde; world

• 3. Interpretive Skills for Environmental Ethics by none (2012) - But the choice of which ecological narrative to use to structure a new environmental ethics remains an outstanding issue. With no final arbiter on this question, readers might wonder if it makes sense to use ecological narratives to structure a new environmental ethics. Keywords: earth; ethics; evolution; hypersea; life; moral; narrative; new; rolston
• 4. Unnaturally Cruel: Rolston on Animals, Ethics, and the Factory Farm by none (2012) - Of course, Rolston is well aware that, of the reasons he advances for accepting the suffering of wild animals, one has little if any relevance to a discussion of agricultural animals. Expressed in terms closer to Rolston’s, we could just say that our commentary thus far shows that even if wild animals ought only to be spared unnatural suffering, we still have every reason to posit that domesticated agricultural animals ought to be spared highly artificial forms of suffering that only very loosely conform to some presumably natural or ecological pattern. Keywords: agricultural; animals; ethics; nature; pain; predation; rolston; suffering; wild
• Edward Said: a Remembrance and a Tribute by none (2014) - By ethics here I do not mean roles of proper private or public conduct but what is defined as the relationship between the self and the other, and the person who among other scholars investigated and theorized this relationship and gave it an extreme form is no one but the Jewish French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas. Later in the interview, Shlomo Malka, the program’s presenter, puts the following question to Levinas: “Emmanuel Levinas, you are the philosopher of the ‘other.’ Keywords: edward; ethics; intellectual; levinas; orient; orientalism; real
• Shame on You: The Virtuous Use of Shame in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics by none (2016) - Shame is a mean (1108a32) of the appropriate feeling of pain.8 Second, Aristotle notes precisely what type of pain shame deals with: “evils that appear to pertain to disrepute” (1383b20). [Expositions 9.2 (2015) 1–15] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Shame on You: The Virtuous Use of Shame in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics NICHOLAS HIGGINS Regent University ABSTRACT Aristotle presents shame as a non-virtue, but through a careful analysis of his definition and discussion of shame the reader can conclude that there is an appropriate type of shame; a prospective as opposed to retrospective feeling of shame. Keywords: action; aidos; aristotle; ethics; feeling; nicomachean; shame; virtue
• The Ethics of Cooperation and the Contraceptive Mandate: Legal, Political, and Moral Dimensions by none (2017) - Religious liberty is popularly called “America’s first freedom,” not merely because it is enshrined in the First Amendment of the Constitution, but because it is a fundamental freedom, the recognition of which ensures the recognition of further rights to freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and privacy, among others.6 By contrast, a government that does not recognize religious liberty is sure to limit other freedoms. Time will tell.2 This iteration of the forum “Ethics in Focus” concerns the ethics of cooperation as it applies to religious liberty cases like Zubik, Hobby Lobby, and no doubt others that will come before the Supreme Court. Keywords: action; contraceptive; cooperation; ethics; hobby; justice; material; oderberg; question; wrongdoing
• After “Morality”: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Teaching of Ethics by none (2020) - The upshot is that it is perhaps fitting that the Notre Dame committee After “Morality”: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Teaching of Ethics 2 charged with examining ethics in the curriculum, though it did not argue for a required course, concluded by indicating ambivalence.6 This iteration of the forum “Ethics in Focus” takes as its subject the relevance of MacIntyre’s work to the teaching of ethics to college students (and, in one instance, medical students). Readers should go to Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity to decide for themselves whether they find persuasive MacIntyre’s account of the “structuring of desires” by what he terms the ethics-of- After “Morality”: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Teaching of Ethics 4 the-state, the ethics-of-the-market (both “parodies of ethics”), and Morality.21 Suffice it to say here that MacIntyre himself finds expressivism “convincing” about Morality: “each contending party’s Moral judgments give expression to underlying prerational commitments, to attitudes and sentiments that find expression in the unargued premises of [the parties’] arguments. Keywords: conflicts; ethics; ibid; macintyre; modernity; morality; philosophy
• The Story Is the Point: Alasdair MacIntyre, Reading Literature, and Teaching Ethics by none (2020) - My account will be based on my regard for three important strands of MacIntyre’s work: first, his insistence that every ethic presupposes a sociology, which is to say, a particular set of normative social arrangements; second, the emphasis in his work on the significance of exemplars, practices, and apprenticeship in moral formation; and third, his longstanding attention to the significance of narrative in human life. Instead, narrative “works” as a mode of characterizing the actions of others because human lives are lived narratives.40 To say that a human life is a lived narrative, with a beginning, a middle, and an end, is to say that we are not simply actors in our life stories, but the authors of those stories, as well. Keywords: actions; berry; ethics; ibid; life; literature; macintyre; membership; stories
• Desire, Conflict, and Tradition in Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity by none (2020) - See John Horton and Susan Mendus, “Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and After,” in After MacIntyre: Critical Perspectives on the Work of Alasdair MacIntyre, eds. For an important interpretation of MacIntyre as a thinker more in need of Marx for sustained inquiry about justice than he knows, see Jeffery Nicholas, “Alasdair MacIntyre and Utopia: An Introduction,” International Critical Thought 9.3 (2019): 411–419. 29. Keywords: conflict; desire; ethics; good; liberalism; macintyre; modernity; tradition
• Whose Revolution? Which Future? The Legacy of Alasdair MacIntyre for a Radical Pedagogy in Virtue by none (2020) - On the cusp of the socio- cultural fragmentation detailed above, MacIntyre boldly named the already-unfolding The Legacy of Alasdair MacIntyre for a Radical Pedagogy in Virtue 100 fragmentation underlying an emergent cultural reality: the irresolvability of moral disputes. MacIntyre notes how radically Hume’s account differed from the account of morality that had held for centuries, in which human virtue and flourishing were deeply interwoven with both individual and common goods necessarily achieved through specific social roles, the local political order, and contextual relationships.39 Such a position continued to be held by many The Legacy of Alasdair MacIntyre for a Radical Pedagogy in Virtue 104 in Hume’s context, particularly by those in different social classes, who accounted very differently for desires, sentiments, and more importantly goods.40 What is more, MacIntyre unveils Hume’s subtle bias toward wealth. Keywords: alasdair macintyre; capitalism; communities; community; economic; ethics; freire; hume; ibid; life; macintyre; modernity; new; pedagogy; practice; society; theory; university; virtue; way
• Interview: Susan D. Collins, University of Houston by none (2011) - Spiro: How is Aristotle misunderstood? 1747-5376 Interview: Susan D. Collins, University of Houston JOHN-PAUL SPIRO Aristotle’s Greek is notoriously arduous and any translator of Aristotle faces difficult interpretive work as well as navigating through various controversies about the meanings of his most basic, fundamental terms. Keywords: aristotle; collins; ethics; good; life; spiro
• Caring, Journalism, and the Power of Particularism by none (2011) - Half the Sky also gives direct channels for caring action. 5 A global feminist analysis with sensitivity to local context might have given Half the Sky a richer analysis of the lives of international women. Keywords: action; care; caring; empathy; ethics; feminist; new; sky; women

• 4. Society, the Self, and Spirituality in Herzog by none (2012) - Finding meaning, Herzog realizes, comes from finding his place in God’s plan, which inherently supplies that meaning: A man doesn’t need happiness for himself […] provided there is something great, something into which his being, and all beings, can go. 3 Thus, as Herzog notes, “[his] generation thinks – and this is its thought of thoughts – that nothing faithful, vulnerable, fragile can be durable or have any true power” (353). Keywords: culture; herzog; language; life; man; people; self; soul
• Interview: Drucilla Cornell, Rutgers University by none (2014) - Is that a reaction that you get very often, because when I talk about care ethics with other people, that’s the reaction that I get from them. As this interview indicates, her work has taken a new direction with her discovery of uBuntu, a system of relational ethics practiced in South Africa. Keywords: africa; coletti; cornell; people; south; ubuntu; way; work
• Bart van Es, St Catherine’s College, Oxford by none (2017) - At the same time I got my professorship here, my permanent job in Oxford, and I was asked to do a lecture series on Shakespeare that related Shakespeare to his contemporaries, because people had this tendency to write undergraduate work that didn’t really consider Shakespeare a Renaissance writer, or they just looked at Shakespeare studies as a self-enclosed category. So I’m actually quite hostile to a lot of the current trends in Shakespeare studies, which have tended to talk a lot about stylometrics as a way of pulling apart the canon. Keywords: book; kind; people; shakespeare; spiro; things; think; thinking; van; way; work
• Simon Palfrey, Brasenose College, Oxford by none (2017) - He is the author of several books on Shakespeare: Late Shakespeare: A New World of Words (1997), Doing Shakespeare (2004; revised and extended 2nd edition, 2011), Shakespeare in Parts (co-authored with Tiffany Stern, 2007), The Connell Guide to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (2012), Shakespeare’s Possible Worlds (2014), Poor Tom: Living King Lear (2014), and the “critical fiction” Macbeth, Macbeth (co-authored with Ewan Fernie, 2016). “Doing More Shakespeare.” Keywords: book; kind; moment; palfrey; people; sense; shakespeare; sort; spiro; stuff; thing; way; words; work; writing
• Socrates’ Homer in the Republic: Retaining the Poetic Past and Preparing for the Philosophic Future by none (2017) - Another instance when Socrates modifies Homer poetry for his own philosophical aims is when he approves of Homer’s characterization of Diomedes, who says: Friend, be quiet and attend to my words And what follows: The first references to Homer in the Republic confirm the poet’s commanding civilizational influence on the Hellenes when both Socrates and Adeimantus speak of Homer in the context of what people have learned from him. Keywords: achilles; gods; hellenes; homer; iliad; people; philosophy; plato; poetry; poets; press; rep; republic; socrates; university
• Just Peace and Just War by none (2018) - Just Peace principles work on a continuum to prevent all sorts of conflicts at various levels of society, to mediate and end conflict, and to restore societies after conflict; Just Peace criteria are not limited to a narrow timeline or a narrow set of governmental and combatant activities and actors; Just Peace is the larger category, not a subset of JWT. [Expositions 12.1 (2018) 60–71] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376     Just Peace and Just War MARYANN CUSIMANO LOVE Catholic University of America Just War or Just Peace? Keywords: bellum; conflict; international; jus; jwt; peace; people; post; principles; tradition; war
• A Return to W.E.B. Du Bois’s "A Conservation of Races" by none (2019) - Beginning one’s reading of “Conservation” at the point where Du Bois defines race is an unsuitable place to commence an analysis.15 Furthermore, race is not defined until after history is introduced as a plausible explanation for racial differences. For Du Bois nations are formed first by their racial identity and common blood, and then by their common history, laws, religion, habits of thought, conscious striving and ideals of life. Keywords: address; american; american negro; assimilation; black; conservation; crummell; differences; du bois; future; history; ideals; identity; negro; negro race; people; question; race; section; w.e.b
• War: Reversing the Works of Mercy by none (2020) - Yet by January 16, 1991, the world was at war. The admonition of the U.S. bishops in the peace pastoral of 1983 called for Catholics to view war “with an entirely new attitude.” Keywords: gulf; iraq; love; mercy; people; u.s; war; water; works
• John Lukacs by none (2010) - This leads me to the principle you’ve also established, and I hope it is in The Future of History, that history is about the words the historian uses. But I was thinking about history writing and I offered this to the substitute woman at Yale, and she was interested. Keywords: chestnut; college; hill; history; lukacs; people
• Sean Carroll by none (2011) - Science fiction, number one, absolutely is a key driver of getting young people interested in science. It was in this spirit that Dolan and Carroll discussed the connection of science to the humanities, using as a touchstone Carroll’s own work and the collected writings in Science Keywords: carroll; dolan; humanities; it‟s; people; right; science; things; time
• Public Rhetorics and Homeless Chic by none (2011) - As people in the wider public repeatedly see images of homeless people conflated with fashion objects, some people pick up on and respond to the idea of homeless chic and morph it beyond the runway into other cultural venues. Additionally each of these images builds its reality merely by looking at homeless people, by what Robert Desjarlais calls ―spectral means‖: Keywords: attention; chic; example; fashion; homeless; homelessness; images; looking; man; new; people; public; street
• 'Homeless Chic' as Domestic Poverty Tourism: Street Retreats, Urban Plunges, and North American Class Boundaries by none (2011) - Unlike other urban plunges, the ad describing Stone‟s street retreat makes no mention of “raising awareness about” or “bearing witness to” the social consequences of our affordable housing crisis, lack of supportive and transitional housing, and overflowing emergency shelters. Like the writers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the contemporary generation of plungers generally use two methods: sensational third party accounts of homelessness, like Jennifer Toth‟s Mole People and Margaret Morton‟s photographs in The Tunnel and Fragile Dwellings; and formalized urban plunge programs, such as National Coalition for the Homeless‟s alternative spring break program for university students. Keywords: class; homelessness; new; people; plunge; poverty; programs; retreat; street; tourism

• Preliminary Reflections on the Rhetoric of Aristotle’s Rhetoric by none (2008) - Nevertheless, we can suggest that if Aristotelian dialectics resembles Socratic dialectics, then one prominent theme of this method of investigation will be the “ethical virtues,” or the “whatness” of justice and nobility (Aristotle Metaphysics 1078b18–30); and it is precisely the articula- tion of these ethical-political endoxa that form the bulk of Books 1 and 2 of the Rhetoric. [Expositions 2.2 (2008) 163–188] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i2.163 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Preliminary Reflections on the Rhetoric of Aristotle’s Rhetoric1 BryAN-PAUL FroSt Department of Political Science University of Louisiana at Lafayette Perhaps the first question anyone would ask when reading a book whose theme is rhetoric is the following: What sort of rhetoric is the author going to employ in this work? Keywords: aristotle; case; chapter; endoxa; equinox; ltd; politics; press; princeton; publishing; rhetoric; rhetorician; university
• Gregory, Brad S. The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012. 574 pp, hb $39.95. ISBN: 978-0-674-04563-7. by none (2012) - Gregory’s relatively sympathetic treatment of the intentions of Luther, Calvin, et al. distinguishes his account from the trope employed by Catholic opponents in the first few centuries following the Reformation break, namely, that of ascribing intellectual or moral defects to the Reformers.5 However, the overarching narrative of the book does fit into another well-established, if more generous and modern, category of counter-Reformation critique: the notion that Protestant valorization of private judgment (as regards matters of scriptural interpretation and church doctrine) and predilection towards schism would extend past the inner-ecclesial intentions (however noble) of the reformers, and would in fact come to undermine the common structures of society as a whole. Indeed, the fact that the Reformation was to a certain degree justified is central to Gregory’s argument. Keywords: book; church; gregory; hyperpluralism; life; modernity; press; reformation
• Re-“art”-iculating Orientalism: Musings on Said and Gérôme by none (2014) - That artists, such as Gérôme, found the African type in the Orient posed another dangerous beauty that has been elided by modern scholars of all persuasions, and that now, as Cohen has argued, challenges “epistemological paradigms,” particularly those which are racially constructed. What does this black man – his demeanor, even that of his dogs – say to us of an “Orient” that those like Gérôme sought to construct, even “capture,” yet could not completely control? Keywords: africa; black; empire; figure; gérôme; men; orient; orientalism; power; press; subjects; university; work
• An Introduction to Big History by none (2014) - Helium had virtually no interest in other atoms. It is a wholly other set of problems to stay together for many years to raise children, a problem that hominids did have to figure out if they were to survive. Keywords: atoms; big; cells; energy; helium; history; hydrogen; life; nature; new; press; protons; quarks; relationships; species; time; universe; way; years; york
• Cicero and America by none (2014) - In other words, not only does the book treat the idea of natural law in its theoretical dimension, it is meant to show the fundamental connection of that idea to moral virtue, and thereby to illustrate Cicero’s belief in the unbreakable link between political theory and political practice. Otis was convinced that his brethren across the ocean would eventually see the error of their ways, and so counseled obedience in what he believed would prove to be the interim.36 Eventually, of course, as it became clear there would be no admission of wrongdoing and the situation only continued to deteriorate, obedience to a higher law would trump obedience to the so-called British constitution or British civil law, and the result was the Declaration of Independence.37 It is here that the natural law makes its most obvious, but also most important, appearance: the Declaration’s argument relies explicitly on “the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God” as its guiding principle.38 Edward Corwin, in his indispensable little book The “Higher Law” Background of American Constitutional Law (1955), shows that the notion of natural law or a higher law, while it may have entered the American political tradition most directly or explicitly through the writings of John Locke, has deep and important roots in the writings of Cicero. Keywords: american; cicero; founders; kind; law; legibus; moderation; nature; officiis; press; publica; reason; regime; republic; university; virtue
• Dissolving the Debunker’s Puzzle by none (2015) - These sciences, after all, have nothing to say about moral facts. On the one hand, the Debunker’s Puzzle may rely on a very strong claim, such as the: Extreme Explanatory Claim (EEC): the content of our moral beliefs across the board: (i) reflects deep shaping by evolutionary forces that operated on the moral belief-forming dispositions of ancestral humans, according to principles insensitive to the truth of the content of moral beliefs, and (ii) does not reflect any independent influence from developed forms of moral reflection guided by independent moral facts as such, through a grasp of their grounds as such. Keywords: debunker; nagel; non; oxford; press; puzzle
• Paul Beyond the Jew/Gentile Dichotomy: A Perspective from Benjamin by none (2015) - Scholars from an “Old” perspective view Paul primarily as a religious Christian who was sent to both Jews and Gentiles, whereas scholars from a “New” perspective view Paul primarily as an ethnic Jew who was called either to both Jews and Gentiles (similar to the “Old” perspective) or only to Gentiles (a so-called “Radical” new perspective, which is sometimes complemented with a positive valuation of Judaism as a religion for ethnic Jews). According to the so-called New Perspective, Paul was a Jew who was called as a prophet only to ethnic Gentiles (i.e., non-Jews). Keywords: gentiles; ioudaia; ioudaioi; israel; jews; letters; new; paul; pauline; press; scholars
• Poetry and Philosophy by none (2017) - Microsoft Word - 1 Plato Trepanier Intro.docx [Expositions 11.1 (2017) 72–78] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Poetry and Philosophy LEE TRAPANIER Saginaw Valley State University Of the three branches of literary studies, theory traditionally has been given the most attention by scholars since the time of Aristarchus, with philosophy playing an instrumental role in theory’s development and growth.1 However, philosophy itself has been influenced by literature, and specifically by poetry, since its inception.2 Although some thinkers, such as Dilthey and Nietzsche, praise the wisdom of poets and see poetry and philosophy as mutually beneficial pursuits, most philosophers and theorists resent, diminish, or eliminate the importance of poetry in philosophy and theory. Keywords: human; philosophy; poetry; press; socrates; trans; university
• An Apology of Euripides: Defending the Poets by none (2017) - Importantly, Euripides provides a serious account of such questions and reveals that a poetic education may be not only beneficial, but essential in any democratic regime. Significantly, although Euripides reflects similar content to philosophic explanations, because he contextualized this question within a larger dramatic story, he exposes potential limits of a purely rational account of such questions. Keywords: apology; athenian; critique; euripides; ion; plato; poetry; poets; press; republic; socrates; theseus; trans; university
• “We Are the Champions”: Mousikē and Cultural Chauvinism in Plato’s Republic by none (2017) - Modern readers often struggle to make sense of why during a discussion on music Socrates quickly shifts to talking about poetry, yet for Plato’s contemporaries the transition would have seemed seamless. The Mousikē of Kallipolis: Simple Harmony Though many have written on the Republic’s censuring of Greek music, often unnoted is that Socrates and his interlocutors go on to propose a form of music that harmonizes Greek and non- Greek myths and musical modes. Keywords: city; greek; harmony; kallipolis; mousikē; music; myth; new; non; plato; poetry; press; republic; socrates; university

• Must the "Violent Bear It Away"? A Restorative Critique of Just War by none (2018) - Or, as Michael Walzer urges, is war still a “rule-governed activity, a world of permissions and prohibitions—a moral world,” even “in the midst of hell”?4 The norms of just war, after all, remain a stubborn inheritance, an “overlapping consensus” of permissions and prohibitions enshrined in international positive law, i.e., the Geneva Conventions and Protocols.5 Critics like James Turner Johnson and George Weigel object that the prima facie duty or presumption against war is “is radically at odds with the classical idea of just war,” displacing the original and proper presumption against injustice.16 Lisa Cahill takes the opposite tack, arguing that “to phrase the prohibition against war as a ‘presumption’ is already to contemplate the inevitability of exceptions.”17 Keywords: childress; christian; duties; facie; facie duties; framework; good; justice; pacifism; peace; prima; prima facie; rights; tradition; violence; war

• Grasping the “Raw I”: Race and Tragedy in Philip Roth’s The Human Stain by none (2008) - Comparing Coleman’s intolerance of the “big they” and the “little we” to Walt’s willingness to fight one in the name of the other, Roth’s narrator Zuckerman offers only their respective identities as explana- tion: “Walt was Walt, vigorously Walt, and Coleman was vigorously not” (Roth 2000, 105). But Cole- man’s success is at the price of a betrayal of self and family: Coleman is black, but light-skinned enough to “pass” and so to take advantage of the upward mobility offered to white men of his generation. Keywords: coleman; equinox; fact; hegel; injustice; life; ltd; publishing; roles; roth; self; society; tragedy
• Shakespeare's "Philosophy": Looking or Thinking? by none (2009) - To these we might add problems from the so-called “continental” tradition, systematically ignored by McGinn, but which have been central to Shakespeare critics’ interrogation of the possibility of value-free knowl- edge: the historical situatedness of the observer; his or her formation by ideological and social forces; and the hermeneutic problems of match- ing the reader’s “horizon of expectation” with the “past significance” of a literary text, on the one hand, and the impossibility of fixing a context absolutely, on the other. For Nuttall, Shakespeare thinks through the embodied interaction of his characters; for McGinn, Shakespeare shapes play and character in order to express an underlying philosophical theme. Keywords: equinox; language; mcginn; nuttall; philosophy; plays; self; shakespeare
• Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine by none (2007) - In Figures of Bloom: Th e Salt Companion to Harold Bloom, ed. In a new twist, Bloom appears to have become possessed by that evil spirit that has possessed so many humanists of late: the Demon of Political Engagement. Keywords: bible; bloom; christian; christianity; equinox; jesus; new; publishing; work; yahweh
• What is the Good of the “Examined Life”? Some Thoughts on the Apology and Liberal Education by none (2009) - What is the Good of the “Examined Life”? I could not, indeed, help doing so; 174 What is the Good of the “Examined Life”? Keywords: equinox; good; life; publishing; self; socrates; tolstoy
• Practice and Improvise: A Christian Response to the Politics of Morality by none (2007) - The context of this maxim is Augustine’s reflection on the proper disposition required to admonish others in The Rule of St. Augustine, translated in G. Lawless, Augustine of Hippo and His Monastic Rule, cited in Martin 2005, 182. Connolly made his case initially by attacking themes in the theological writings of Augustine of Hippo. Keywords: augustine; connolly; equinox; ltd; picture; politics; practice; publishing; responsibility
• Sincerity and Seduction in 'Don Giovanni' by none (2007) - In fact, Don Giovanni is the only character in the opera for whom mozart has not fashioned a characteristic style consistent with social rank.6 For Joseph Kerman, this is an element of his incomplete depiction, and to claim 182 Sincerity and Seduction in Don Giovanni © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2007 Example 5. 186 Sincerity and Seduction in Don Giovanni © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2007 opera, cursing Giovanni as a monster one moment and eager to marry him the next. Keywords: don; don giovanni; equinox; giovanni; ltd; mozart; music; opera; publishing; sincerity; zerlina
• Humanity at the Turning Point by none (2007) - There is widespread agreement, then, on the idea that human beings are fast approaching a turning point where we may cease to exist owing to the impact of technology on human nature. The rhetorically charged trope of the posthuman, with its emphasis on a break or turning point, risks cutting us off from significant resources for understanding human nature, including the resources of philosophical anthropology, and does not advance our understanding of our current situ- ation and the current dilemmas human beings face in light of our advanc- ing technological powers. Keywords: anthropology; equinox; human; humanity; landmann; ltd; nature; new; point; posthuman; publishing; self; technology; turning; turning point
• Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation: The Beginning of our Religious Tradition. Alfred A. Knopf. New York/Toronto, 2006. pp. 469 by none (2007) - The question, however, is whether the re- sulting coherent narrative is an adequate portrayal of reality, or in- stead—and this appears increasingly likely as we read on—Armstrong’s Axial Age is a sort of a theological Procrustean bed, where the limbs of different traditions are broken by willful overstretching. In her introduction, Armstrong resorts to Jaspers’ notion of an “Axial Age” to denote the period between 900 BCE and 200 BCE, when “the great world traditions that have continued to nourish humanity” (xii) came into being. Keywords: age; armstrong; book; equinox; time
• The Evolution of Evolution Theory and Its Controversies by none (2008) - In the nearly 150 years since that landmark publication, evolution theory has been under attack from conservative religionists all over the world, particularly in the United States. Three recent books (Kirschner and Gerhart 2005; Thomas 2005; ruse 2006) take different approaches to explain why evolution theory has been so hard for some to accept, or to expand on “classical” evolu- tion theory to put forward a new explanation for the diversity of life http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/expo.v2i1.111 112 The Evolution of Evolution Theory and Its Controversies © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008 on earth. Keywords: changes; darwin; development; equinox; evolution; evolution theory; life; new; origin; processes; theory; variation

• Editors' Preface by none (2012) - Posing and answering such questions was always part of Expositions. Should scholarship focus more on contemporary problems than on antiquated questions? Keywords: expositions; issue; work
• What Has Mozart to Do with Coltrane?: The Dynamism and Built-in Flexibility of Music by none (2009) - Authorship indeed “becomes more complex” since the performer not only participates as co-author of the piece, but the piece itself and the traditions from which it came re-author and hence change the performer.4 Here, it is not difficult to see parallels between musical pieces and written texts and musical performers and textual interpreters. From this perspective, musical works are more prop- erly understood as dynamic rather than static, finished products. Keywords: benson; composition; improvisation; jazz; music; performance; piece; work
• In and Out of Context by none (2009) - If the work is one of retrenchment, its methodological decisions re- veal Skinner capable of arraying in different ways to fight recurring battles. Meticulous interrogation, Skinner argues, enables recognition of two features of hobbes’ career denied or underappreciated by existing scholarship: hobbes’ definition of liberty did not remain static throughout his career, and these shifts were driven by hobbes’ desire to respond to the outpouring of works propounding the republican theory of liberty. Keywords: cambridge; context; hobbes; liberty; skinner; work
• Cantor, Paul A. The Invisible Hand in Popular Culture: Liberty vs. Authority in American Film and TV. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. 488 pp. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978-0-813-14082-7. by none (2014) - (235–7) Later on in the same essay, he turns to how The Black Cat enacts aristocratic continental European anxieties about American culture, and the way that “the decay of the aristocratic culture of Europe” is seen by Ulmer’s film (and Heidegger) as the inevitable result of democratization. The blandness of the Americans, then, is both their saving graces and “ominous […] on a meta-level in the movie, American pop culture is obliterating European elite culture— the mass-produced mystery novel is taking the place of the European Gothic tale” (241). Keywords: american; book; cantor; culture; film; hand; noir; ulmer; work
• Mining History by none (2018) - But a lot of other philosophy we consider worth our time despite, and not because of, how it is written. Even if God revealed to us the list of the thirty objectively best philosophers in history, we would still want to read all sorts of other philosophy, because diversity trumps ability. Keywords: canon; diversity; gold; history; lctp; mining; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; time; value; work; worth
• Humanizing Economics Theologically by none (2019) - It is a splendid work, the best book on theological economics available in English. Tanner’s and Hirschfeld’s works offer similarities and contrasts that should be the state of the question for theological economics today. Keywords: apple; economics; hirschfeld; reasoning; tanner; theology; thomas; work
• The Problem of Stupidity in Chekhov's Three Sisters by none (2011) - 10 The first types of stupidity – honorable stupidity – is commonly recognized and therefore not always threatening, while the second type – intelligent stupidity – is not commonly recognized and consequently is always dangerous. Honorable stupidity is illustrated by its poverty of words and ideas, its slow comprehension of facts, and its stubborn preference for the familiar, while intelligent stupidity is distinguished by its claims to insights beyond its ability, the privileging of emotions over reason, and the ability to produce convincing rationalizations to justify its viewpoints: The higher, pretentious form of stupidity stands only too often in crass opposition to [its] honorable form. Keywords: house; irina; life; natasha; olga; play; sisters; stupidity; time; tusenbach; work
• Reference, Autonomy and Nationalism in Early German Romantic Art by none (2011) - The Nazarenes In 1810 a group of artists known as the Nazarenes traveled to Italy to master and revive the Italian style of painting which was then seen as the only viable future for German art (Andrews 1964). Read autonomously, and without concern for extrinsic meaning, both paintings depict Germany’s return to the Italian school of the Middle Ages as important for the future of German Art, but the relationship between the two cultures, as expressed by each artist, is quite different. Keywords: art; autonomy; example; expression; german; hoffmann; ideal; italian; maria; music; opera; schelling; style; symbolic; wagner; weber; work
• Classics and Digital Humanities by none (2011) - The Andrew Mellon Foundation has devoted big money to support Digital Humanities centers like Hamilton College’s Digital Humanities Initiative and the cross- institution Project Bamboo.15 And Google has thrown its weight behind Digital Humanities with its Digital Humanities Research Awards.16 Of interest to the Classics scholar, Google has already made available 500 digitized books and out-of-copyright works of scholarship.17 And their n- gram viewer of word frequency for their digital book archive is not a trivial tool for surgical slices across intellectual history.18 Classics is perhaps more fortunate than other disciplines in having major repositories of digital texts, including epigraphic and papyrological texts, online for some time now. [Expositions 5.2 (2011) 142-146] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Classics and Digital Humanities ALLEN J. ROMANO Florida State University “Digital Humanities” is the current umbrella term, one which is gaining wide currency, despite its relatively recent popularization, for a variety of activities at the intersection of humanities and computing.1 Keywords: classics; data; digital; humanities; new; project; work

• Waiting for the Revolution by none (2016) - In 1905 Russell developed his theory of descriptions, the theory Frank Ramsey would later characterize as “that paradigm of philosophy”; and in 1910 the first volume of Russell and Whitehead’s Principia Mathematica appeared.2 Thus was begun the intellectual movement that would come to be known as analytic philosophy. The fundamental idea of analytic philosophy, at least at first, was to assume that philosophical difficulties arise because we fail adequately to understand the notions on which those difficulties are based and then to resolve those difficulties by providing conceptual analyses of the problematic notions, analyses that would reveal their underlying logical form. Keywords: logic; numeration; philosophy; science; system
• Less Manifesto, More Philosophy by none (2018) - There, as Van Norden notes, Scalia lampooned the majority opinion as “having descended from the disciplined legal reasoning of John Marshall and Joseph Story to the mystical aphorisms of the fortune cookie. The comments certainly did reflect an 17 Taliaferro   animus towards non-Western philosophy (e.g., labeling Van Norden and Garfield’s impetus “an ooshy gooshy need to pretend that all cultures are equally advanced”; another asks “Does anyone want to fly in a plane built with non-Western math?” Keywords: book; manifesto; norden; philosophers; philosophy; thought; van; van norden
• The Cultures of Academic Philosophy by none (2018) - It is unfortunate that Van Norden doesn’t mention Jullien either in this book or in the bibliography on Chinese philosophy on his webpage, for Jullien brings Chinese thinkers to bear on fundamental questions of ontology, society, and politics. In Taking Back Philosophy Van Norden does not assert (though he may well believe) that contemporary Chinese philosophy is understudied in America. Keywords: american; chinese; departments; norden; philosophy; purposes; taught; texts; university; van; van norden
• “Citizens of the Universe”: Bryan Van Norden and the Taking Back of Philosophy by none (2018) - So to imply, as Van Norden does, that one merely has to pick up a book on Indian philosophy and one will immediately see that this tradition is much like that of Western philosophy—with which it can readily “be brought into productive dialogue”—is, as it stands, in need of qualification. Like Joshua’s Israelite army at Jericho, Van Norden wants to destroy walls, but not in order to invade the city of a perceived enemy. Keywords: hermeneutics; norden; philosophers; philosophy; relativism; texts; traditions; truth; van; van norden; yoga
• The Political Role of the Public University by none (2018) - Public universities, like universities generally, are therefore restricted in what they can say. In the meantime, a liberal democratic regime can offer public universities the freedom to investigate the defects of liberal democratic regimes. Keywords: democracy; liberal; philosophy; public; regime; state; universities; university
• Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Islamic Philosophy from its Origins to the Present. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2006. 380 pp. by none (2007) - Nasr looks at Islamic philosophy from different viewpoints, and he not only writes about well known figures of Islamic thought but also provides useful information about less known figures. His emphasis on the metaphysical dimen- sion of Islamic thought is likewise important, but his scorn for non- traditionalist historians of Islamic philosophy and his assumption that certain schools of Islamic philosophy represent the criterion of being Islamic are quite open to discussion. Keywords: islamic; nasr; philosophy; prophecy

• Tiffany Stern, University College, Oxford by none (2017) - And at a point when Shakespeare studies… another reason, maybe, why Oxford has become more prominent is because we are more visible in America. So, anyway, we’ve been having these thoughts at New Mermaids, but I think where it’s really becoming crucial is that I’m one of the three General Editors of Arden Shakespeare 4, the next iteration of Arden, and Arden is a very particular, a very important thing. Keywords: lot; shakespeare; spiro; stern; things; think; way
• Alcibiades on Socrates’s Silenic Ways: A Gadamerian-Inflected Hermeneutical Interrogation of Socrates as a Dialogue Partner by Nielsen, Cynthia (2023) - That is, he is neither a noble, courageous warrior like Achilles, nor a clever statesman like Nestor.36 Socrates has no place within this schema; thus, he is a-topos and more like the not- human or even the monstrous—the Sileni.37 To explore additional dimensions of Socrates as atopos, let us turn to Socrates’s conjured mouthpiece, Diotima.38 In Diotima’s retelling of the myth of Eros, we have a presentation of Eros that emphasizes both its lack or poverty (Penia) and its wealth (Poros)—that is, the wholeness, even if fleeting, it provides when one experiences it. It was precisely here that Agathon called Socrates hybristês. Keywords: alcibiades; dialogue; diotima; eros; example; experience; gadamer; human; life; plato; socrates; symposium; way; ways
• Why We Read the Analects of Confucius by none (2011) - Accordingly, in the passage immediately following that quoted above, the Analects speak of that process as grounded in the life of the family, wherein, initially by acquiring habits of Why We Read the Analects of Confucius 32 respectful conduct toward others – first of all towards parents and then to one’s siblings – one engenders traits essential to human life, whether one’s own – in the self – or in others. Thus the Analects early exposition of the Way of Humaneness includes the following: Why We Read the Analects of Confucius 34 Keywords: analects; confucius; heaven; learning; life; person; read; way
• Interview: Mark Shiffman, Villanova University by none (2011) - Spiro: How is Aristotle misunderstood? It’s always dialectical in two senses: there’s the Platonic sense of dialectic, in which, among other things, in order to understand something you follow out different possibilities of how to account for it, and then that process gets you deeper into the principles that you need to recognize in order to understand it, and you come back on that basis and reconsider it; but also there’s the sense in which Aristotle himself tends to use “dialectic” which more has to do with the common opinions about things. Keywords: aristotle; sense; shiffman; spiro; way

• Framing Pains, Pills, and Professors by none (2008) - In thinking through concerns around treating psychological pain, it is use- ful to review how medical developments historically dealt with the treatment of physical pain. Uncertainties about how to treat physical pain appropriately are similar to uncertainties about how to treat psychological pain. Keywords: academics; childbirth; frame; good; pain; practice; professors; use
• An Analysis of Augustine's Argument in Confessions That Evil Does Not Exist by none (2009) - 73–96] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v3i1.73 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Notes, INsIghts aNd Flashes An Analysis of Augustine’s Argument in Confessions That Evil Does Not Exist BErNArd G. PrUSAk Villanova University bernard.g.prusak@villanova.edu For Augustine, following Genesis, it is a bedrock belief that creation is good. But it immediately gives rise to what is perhaps the Augustinian problem, namely, the problem of evil. Keywords: good; things

• Question: Are Human Beings Ultimately Affective? by none (2007) - Th e parts of the Platonic soul-structure, its “forms or dispositions” [eide kai ethe], are set out in the Republic (435 d). I cite this—I believe acceptable—translation because it points up what will become the mainstream view: Th e passions or emotions occupy the central location in the constitution of the soul. Keywords: aff; beings; ective; emotions; human; passions; publishing; question; reason; soul

• Bryant, Levi R. The Democracy of Objects. Ann Arbor: Open Humanities Press, 2011. 326 pp, pb $23.99. ISBN: 978–1–60785–204–9. by none (2012) - In order to reformulate this notion of what (and how) objects are, Bryant draws on the work of Roy Bhaskar, who argues that objects must exist independently of their relations with other objects if they are able to produce the effects that scientific inquiry does, in fact, observe (68). Bryant calls this independence of the object (qua substance) from its relations (i.e., its attributes) “withdrawal”: objects relate to other objects insofar as they have attributes or qualities, but at the same time they always withdraw from their relations. Keywords: book; bryant; objects; relations
• The People Has Its Political Reason, of Which Political Theory Knows Nothing by none (2007) - In the work of Freud, Laclau fi nds the best support for this theory of identifi cation with the leader. For Laclau and Mouff e, this was not a coincidence, or a mere phase. Keywords: book; demands; diff; erfani.indd; laclau; populism
• The Imitative Arts Will Tear Us Apart in the Republic by none (2017) - It seems that Socrates equivocates on the number of parts. Nearly all interpreters assume what some call the “canonical” interpretation: the text requires all constitutions to have the same number of parts.2 I reject the canonical interpretation and argue that the number of parts in a constitution is contingent. Keywords: appetite; book; city; class; constitutions; parts; socrates; soul
• Avignon vs. Rome: Dante, Petrarch, Catherine of Siena by none (2010) - J. E. Wrigley is not convinced that the papacy‟s return to Rome was a cause of the Schism: “Pétrarque, Avignon et Rome: une interprétation,” in Genèse et débuts du Grand Schisme d‟Occident, Avignon, 25–8 sept. 1978. While he seems not to have given much thought to what a post-Avignon Roman Church would look like, Petrarch views the two cities – classical Rome and Christian Rome – as symbiotic and complementary. Keywords: avignon; babylon; book; catherine; century; christian; church; city; curia; dante; dante‟s; empire; french; italy; letter; new; papacy; petrarch; place; popes; roman; rome; siena; studies
• Half the Sky: Only Part of the Story by none (2011) - To take one small example, the four United Nations’ World Conferences on Women beginning in 1975 in Mexico City and drawing tens of thousands of women to Copenhagen (1980), Nairobi (1985), and finally Beijing (1995) demonstrate the global scope of women’s movements. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 concentrated efforts on violence against women and created the Beijing Platform for Action. Keywords: authors; book; issues; kristof; movements; violence; women; wudunn
• Arendt and the "Banality" of Evil: A Note on Neiman by none (2008) - Arendt, Hannah and Mary McCarthy 1995 Between Friends: The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy, 1949–1975. Arendt, Hannah and Gershom Scholem 1964 “Eichmann in Jerusalem”: An Exchange of Letters between Gershom Scholem and Hannah Arendt. Keywords: arendt; book; evil; mccarthy; neiman

• Noble Characters, Hard Truths, and Invincible Whining in the Opening Parts of Portis’ True Grit by none (2013) - So we learn that her father Frank was a good man who earned the friendship of other good men. Friends, in each case, served each other quite voluntarily as free men. Keywords: christian; course; death; father; grace; indian; man; mattie; men
• Big History by none (2014) - Perhaps unknowingly I was practicing big history avant la lettre. Thus the practitioners of big history seemed to be cosmologists rather than historians. Keywords: big; christian; consciousness; history
• Was Erasmus’s Christian Politics Too Uncompromising? by none (2014) - By dismissing “whatever things the common people shrink from,” Erasmus carves out of a new sphere of appropriate activity for Christian princes. Microsoft Word - haglund-finalrevised.docx [Expositions 8.1 (2014) 168–175] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376   Was Erasmus’s Christian Politics Too Uncompromising? Keywords: christian; ecp; erasmus; jesus; machiavelli; politics; prince; rulers
• Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine’s “Jews in the Head" by none (2009) - Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine’s “Jews in the Head” 221 © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 References Brown, Peter 2009 A Surprise from St. Augustine. And Fredriksen is careful to lay old mis- Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine’s “Jews in the Head” 219 © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 conceptions to rest, for example by explaining that late Antique Jews were not active missionizers: what makes the synagogue so dangerous—or at least so very aggravat- ing—to many Christian bishops in the fourth century CE is precisely its continuing exercise of the practice that stretched back to the Hel- lenistic centuries BCE. Keywords: augustine; bishop; christian; cohen; fredriksen; jews

• Socrates on Drugs: The Controversy over Cognitive Enhancement by none (2008) - Nature both opened a “public forum” online (see, “Would you boost your brain power?”) and con- ducted an anonymous online survey to determine the prevalence of off-label use of such drugs. would disparities increase?); whether there would be coercive pressure to use such drugs—and have our children use such drugs—should “everyone” be doing it in the most competitive, high- ly-compensated professions and in the schools that prepare students for these professions;5 whether the use of such drugs is in fact unprecedented (think of coffee, tea, and nicotine), or in other words “only” different in degree rather than kind from the consumption of more familiar substances;6 and finally whether pharmacological enhancements are different in a morally significant way from more mundane forms of “life enhancers” that some people have the fortune to benefit from (like tutors or test-preparation courses).7 Keywords: drugs; enhancement; kass; knowledge; nature; new; use
• Editor's Preface by none (2007) - [Expositions 1.1 (2007) 001-002] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i1.1 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Editors’ Preface JOHN A. DOODY, KIM PAFFENROTH, AND PETER BUSCH We introduce our new journal assuming two things about the humani- ties: fi rst, that they should be understood less as islands of specializa- tion than as centers of conversation; and second, that they interest us not only as scholars, but also and especially as human beings. What do the humanities reveal about human nature? Keywords: draft.indd; nature; preface
• 4. What Can We Know of What the Romans Knew? by none (2012) - Truth is a stamp of approval that we give things as a way of saying that they meet certain – and most rigorous – criteria” (Lehoux 2012, 237; emphasis Lehoux’s). I would contend that one of the examples Lehoux presents might meet the specificity criterion. Keywords: ancient; criterion; law; lehoux; nature; ptolemy; reason; truth
• Umphrey, Stewart. Natural Kinds and Genesis: The Classification of Material Entities. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016. 186 pages. $80.00 (cloth). ISBN 978–1–498–53141–2. by none (2017) - (2) Are there reasons to suppose that there are natural kinds? Umphrey claims that his book is “[…] short on doctrine […] [and] does not, for example, present anything like a complete theory of natural kinds” and he offers instead a “map of the rugged conceptual landscape on which all natural philosophers today must proceed whether they like it or not” (10, cf. 158). Keywords: continuants; kinds; nature; realism; sense; things; umphrey

• Adjusting the Body-Clock: Archaic Aspirations and Contemporary Chemicals by none (2008) - Time conceived of as flying away from me is time portrayed as separate from and even indifferent to me. A better and more voli- tional control of our sleep is assumed to be another way in which we, aided by biochemistry, will be better able to control time—at least, the time of our lives. Keywords: dôgen; sleep; smith; time
• The Tension of the Perennial, Traditional and Historical in John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty by none (2007) - Th e Tension of the Perennial, Traditional and Historical in Mill’s On Liberty © Equinox Publishing Ltd. [Expositions 1.1 (2007) 003–014] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i1.3 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Th e Tension of the Perennial, Traditional and Historical in John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty TIMOTHY FULLER Colorado College Refl ection on teaching courses in the Western tradition over many years leads the author to identify some unavoidable fundamental questions, among them: What does one mean by “tradition”? Keywords: liberty; mill; perennial; society; thought; time; tradition
• The Future of the English Department by none (2012) - Like many English faculty, I currently belong to a department that bears little resemblance to the one that trained me. Whereas research-intensive institutions typically weigh publication records most heavily in their evaluation of faculty productivity, pedagogy and service activities are essential components in faculty evaluation at teaching-intensive colleges and universities. Keywords: english; faculty; time
• Lorenzo Valla and the Donation of Constantine in Historical Context, 1439–40 by none (2014) - Analyses of Valla and Alfonso V in Giovanni Antonazzi, Lorenzo Valla e la polemica sulla Donazione di Costantino (Rome: Storia e Letteratura, 1985), 49–69, 107–8, 169; Mario Fois, Il pensiero cristiano di Lorenzo Valla nel quadro storico-culturale del suo ambiente (Rome: Libreria editrice dell’Università Gregoriana, 1969), chaps. In particular, Valla’s defense, often unstated in the Discourse, for King Alfonso V of Aragon, the nemesis of Eugenius IV, is emphasized.10 At times the references in modern Lorenzo Valla and the Donation of Constantine 2 studies to contemporary events are merely recited, as if the connections with Valla’s comments are self-evident. Keywords: alfonso; basel; constantine; council; discourse; donation; emperor; empire; eugenius; frederick; holy; iii; italy; king; lorenzo valla; naples; new; pope; pope eugenius; power; roman; rome; states; time; valla
• Big History’s Risk and Challenge by none (2014) - In its broadest sense, cosmic evolution, which includes the subject of big history, comprises a holistic explanatory narrative of countless changes within and among organized systems extending over about fourteen billion years from the big bang to humankind. To most big historians, big history itself is naturally anthropocentric—to them, it’s unapologetically our story. Keywords: big; complexity; energy; evolution; historians; history; life; science; scientists; systems; time
• Saint Louis IX and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III by none (2016) - From that day until to 1790 when the Revolution abolished it, the Parlement of Paris officially celebrated this feast, although in practice the cult of Saint Charlemagne always remained tepid in France.35 In 1454 a painting of the Crucifixion which included the figures of Charlemagne and Saint Louis was placed in the Great Hall of the royal palace, meant to symbolize the triumph of divine justice. In 1475 Louis XI declared January 28 the feast of Saint Charlemagne, who possessed great virtue and performed saintly deeds. Keywords: aeneas; century; charlemagne; charles; church; des; die; eds; electors; emperor; emperor frederick; empire; france; frederick; frederick iii; french; gaposchkin; german; holy; hre; iii; karl; king; louis; lupold; otto; paris; peter; pope; power; renna; roman; saint; saint louis; time; und; university; vol; von

• 6. Immortality in Ravelstein by none (2012) - In the novel, Chick, who is the narrator, provides an absurd picture of Ravelstein as a Moses- like lawgiver creating a religion for his students and friends based on the Platonic dialogues. Much of the conversation between Chick and Ravelstein is devoted to the discovery and discussion of Chick’s “paradoxical oddities” (109), “absurdities,” and his “unaccountable” tastes, whether these are his strange marriages (to both Rosamund and Vela), his proprietary interest in his solitary vacation home, or his “weaknesses, [his] corrupt shameful secrets” and “thought- murders” (95). Keywords: chick; longing; novel; plato; ravelstein; socrates; symposium
• Ousia Aphanes: Justice and the Market in light of Plato’s Republic, I and II by none (2014) - What makes the Greek experience unique is the rapidity of the spread of coinage and the peculiar association between Greek money and Greek civic religion. Like the appetitive soul, Platonic money is the manifestation of need and desire in the city. Keywords: allen; authority; coinage; exchange; gift; justice; market; money; order; plato; polis; public; punishment; reciprocity; republic; socrates; value
• Diagnosing the Dissonance of Achilles by none (2017) - The invention and spread of coinage facilitated greater autonomy for such “transactional” relationships, but Plato sought to circumscribe transactional relationships within the civic relationship, the sphere of political justice. As the final sentence indicates, Plato’s myth retains the traditional association between coinage and the short-term transactional order; however, the market is subordinated to the long term order circumscribed by the comprehensive virtue of political justice. Keywords: achilles; allen; coinage; justice; literacy; metals; money; myth; plato; poetry; socrates; writing
• Socrates’ Apology and Plato’s Poetry: A Speculative Exegesis by none (2017) - “Poetry makes nothing happen” —W. H. Auden1 Everybody knows that Socrates and Plato hated the poets. Socrates seemingly seeks to banish the toxic power of poetry from his ideal city. Keywords: apology; athens; city; divine; gods; human; plato; poetry; poets; power; socrates; soul; wisdom; words
• Editors' Preface by none (2008) - for martha Nussbaum, meanwhile, Socratic questioning is central to the life of the mind and to life itself: “Socrates said that the unexam- ined life is not worth living for a human being. 00Preface.indd © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008, Unit 6, The Village, 101 Amies Street, London SW11 2JW Keywords: expositions; life; new; socrates

• Introduction to the Roundtable: Big History by none (2014) - Individual natural scientists and people working in the humanities have been teaching versions of big history for decades, but within the past few years big historians have begun churning out primary, secondary, and post-secondary big history curricula. Big historian David Christian launched the Big History Project (http://www.bighistoryproject.com) with a TED talk (http://www.ted.com/talks/ david_christian_big_history) and big historians Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth opened a long- term museum exhibit entitled “From the Big Bang to the World Wide Web” along with an accompanying website (www.bigbangtowww.org). Keywords: big; history
• We Are Stardust … Concentrated by Earth! by none (2014) - In this essay, to convey the flavor of Earth history and its relevance to humanity, let me pick up on a point made strongly and correctly by Christian, Brown, and Benjamin—that almost all of the chemical elements important to humans were made in stars. ade all of th as allowed u bilities of th Toth and Ka ge Institute makers and u an Acheulea 5 and half a mans to star y. Stone tool es who were oncentrated by e part of the works of art ing abilities his possible s humans, w e animals w athy Shick, p at Indiana users of ston an hand axe a million yea rt eating ene ls gave us th interested in y Earth! tool makers t as well as p increased to is that some with our blun ith the sharp paleoanthrop University, ne tools, and e, for examp ars ago. Keywords: big; earth; elements; glass; grains; history; iron; oxygen; quartz; rocks; sand; silica; silicon; sio2; stardust; stone; tools; use
• Digging Down and Reaching Out: A Story of Biblical Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century by none (2015) - Moreover, also in keeping with the intellectual mood of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, they were optimistic, in retrospect even overconfident, operating on the assured conviction that with sufficient data and careful analysis of the data an objective, accurate, and complete understanding of the Bible was possible.10 Since the mid-twentieth century, however, and especially since the last quarter of that century, many began to view the (by then) traditional historical modes of engaging biblical texts as far too limited. As those scholars who developed the edifice of the historical-critical model were “experts in a variety of fields,” so too do contemporary scholars study, master, and use tools from a variety of academic specializations to ask new questions of biblical texts. Keywords: century; history; interpretation; new; robbins; scholars; scholarship; texts
• Visions of History: Simon Schama, Mark Noll, and Paul Ricoeur by none (2011) - Visions of History 76 For Schama, then, history constitutes a critical practice through which it strives to continually produce better histories, a practice that informs and embodies good citizenship. 1 Schama carefully insists that history is not a placebo for the arguments and ills that any given community may be plagued by, but neither will critical history allow a genealogy of self-congratulation. Keywords: history; memory; noll; ricoeur
• Classics in Greece by none (2011) - I think I would not err in claiming that as a result of a fierce ideological and political struggle the victorious tenet was the one that saw the modern Greeks as the direct descendants of the creators of classical Greek civilization. This peculiarity poses serious difficulties for any attempt at quantifying classical studies in the context of Greek universities. Keywords: classics; greece; greek; history; studies; university

• 3. The Search to Be Human in Dangling Man by none (2012) - 1747–5376 The Search to Be Human in Dangling Man LEE TREPANIER Saginaw Valley State University Bellow’s first novel, Dangling Man (1944), is about a man named Joseph who does not know how to integrate himself in American life without losing the spiritual value of his isolation from society. At the end of the novel, Joseph admits to himself that he has failed to use his freedom, his gift of existence, and that his self- The Search to Be Human in Dangling Man 54 identity has become increasingly fractured as his reason is unable to find ultimate meaning to what it means to be “human.” Keywords: bellow; human; joseph; life; novel; reason
• Of Virgins and Vampires: Twilight and the Issues of Beauty and Soul by none (2010) - 8 Telling Bella his life story, Edward clarifies that though human memories fade, he can “remember how it felt” (287) to be saved. Feeling the desires of and pressures on young women today, Bella has looming insecurities that are resolved only through her attachment to Edward and mark a focus on the physical side of life, culminating in the price she willingly pays for beauty and eternal love: her soul. Keywords: bella; edward; human; meyer; soul; vampire

• Tomasi, John. Free Market Fairness. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. Xxvii + 348 $35.00 (cloth). ISBN: 9780691144467. by none (2013) - The reciprocity principle and the exchange process are commonly referred to as social justice. Social justice provides each citizen an equal and actual, not merely formal, claim to the basket of basic rights that form the fundamental structure of society. Keywords: fairness; justice; liberty; market; social; society; tomasi

• Yeshiva, Thirty Years Later by none (2010) - [Expositions 4.1&2 (2010) 1-3] Expositions ISSN: 1747–5376 Yeshiva, Thirty Years Later BERNARD G. PRUSAK Center for Liberal Education Villanova University Thirty years ago, the United States Supreme Court decided, by a vote of 5 to 4, that the full-time faculty of Yeshiva University should be categorized as “managerial employees” and, as such, excluded from the benefits of collective bargaining under the National Labor Relations Act. The majority opinion in what has come to be known as the Yeshiva decision noted that “the faculty at each school [at Yeshiva University] effectively determine its curriculum, grading system, admission and matriculation standards, academic calendars, and course schedules.” 1 Moreover, “The faculty at each school make recommendations to the Dean or Director in every case of faculty hiring, tenure, sabbaticals, termination, and promotion,” and “the overwhelming majority of faculty recommendations are implemented.” 2 These facts led the majority to reflect that, whereas “[t]he [National Labor Relations] Act was intended to accommodate the type of management-employee relations that prevail in the pyramidal hierarchies of private industry,” contemporary universities are in the main organized quite differently, with a “system of „shared authority‟ evolved from the medieval model of collegial decision-making, in which guilds of scholars were responsible only to themselves.” 3 Given the persistence of the collegial model, the majority reasoned, Yeshiva‟s full-time faculty “exercise authority which, in any other context, unquestionably would be managerial.” 4 Since managerial employees are charged with representing management interests and so excluded from the benefits of collective bargaining under the Act, the Court‟s conclusion followed that full-time faculty are excluded as well. Keywords: faculty; majority; university; yeshiva
• Yeshiva, Thirty Years Later: Tension Remains by none (2010) - Faculty members, whose focus is on academic matters (students, teaching, research, scholarship), rightly expect administrators to support these efforts. Faculty members want support for their activities: good salaries, quality classrooms, adequate technology, a good library, funding for research and academic travel, summer support or access to summer teaching, assistance in securing grants, top-notch equipment and instrumentation, recreational and cultural amenities (the students have taught us a lesson here!), and so on. Keywords: administrators; faculty; faculty members; governance; issues; matters; members; university
• Is Yeshiva Relevant? by none (2010) - Before Dean Mulligan got hold of the case, the law governing faculty bargaining rights approached crystal clarity, with the National Labor Relations Act clearly delineating those rights for “professional employees.” Instead, today, private institutions with a religious affiliation rely on defenses based in the claim that faculty employees at “religious institutions” are excluded from NLRA protections. Keywords: faculty; law; nlrb; rights; yeshiva

• Editors' Introduction by none (2008) - This fall we feature articles and interdisciplinary exchanges on a variety of enduring and controversial topics, ranging from rhetoric to tragedy, from the translation of sacred texts to the use of drugs in education. Devoted to the theme of Enchantment, issue 3.1 will feature several new “Notes, Insights, and flash- es.” Keywords: expositions
• Editors' Preface by none (2012) - Here, in a stimulating and refreshingly direct interview with Alasdair MacIntyre, one can learn that “[i]t is the task of any worthwhile university not just to educate in particular disciplines, but to enable its students to understand how each discipline contributes to an overall understanding of the human condition and so to become reflective.” Needless to say, we are deeply indebted to Alasdair MacIntyre for granting us an interview, and special thanks must be given to Liam Kavanagh for conducting it. Keywords: expositions; interdisciplinary
• Editors' Preface by none (2009) - our new website will offer more of the features that distinguish us from other academic journals as well as free access to archives of our first three volumes. © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009, Unit 6, The Village, 101 Amies Street, London SW11 2JW Keywords: expositions
• Editors' Preface by none (2010) - 1747-5376 Editors’ Preface John A. Doody, Gregory Hoskins, John Paul Spiro With the publication of Vol. 4, Nos. 1 and 2, we mark the successful transition of Expositions from a print publication to an on-line journal. In this volume and those to come, readers will find the features that have helped define us – Overheard in the Academy, Academic Roundtable, Notes & Insights – as well as new features, such as Interviews. Keywords: expositions; journal
• Editor's Preface by none (2007) - Upcoming themed issues our articles in spring 2008 will be devoted to “Socratic Questions.” our second author, roslyn Weiss, also investigates service to others, but her focus is on philosophers rather than saints. Keywords: expositions; issue
• Editors' Preface by none (2011) - 1747-5376 Editors’ Preface John A. Doody, Gregory Hoskins, John-Paul Spiro With the publication of the previous volume we celebrated the successful transition of Expositions: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities to an on-line only publication. [Expositions 5.1 (2011)] Expositions (online) Keywords: expositions; publication
• Editor's Preface by none (2011) - But it is the juxtaposition of such works that makes Expositions what it is: a journal that, in its insistent interest in our common humanity, refuses to privilege any particular discipline, discourse, or ideology. Classics, as a discipline, has been pronounced dead many times over, just as now all the Humanities are said to be dying (or are in the process of being murdered), and yet students continue to respond to good teaching, scholars continue to produce good work, and new technologies present us with new ways of reading and thinking about classical texts. Keywords: expositions; issue

• Edmundson, Mark. Self and Soul: A Defense of Ideals. Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 2015. 283 pages. $29.95 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-674-08820-7. by none (2016) - Hardly anyone ever had the ideals Edmundson claims have been lost. ”1 Edmundson has special disdain for the little pleasures of video gaming, football fandom, journalism, and popular music, all of which he believes offer counterfeits of the true ideals. Keywords: compassion; edmundson; ideals; jesus; self; soul; taylor

• Keeping the Faith Alive: The Tertön as Mythological Innovator in the Tibetan Treasure Tradition by none (2015) - Encryption of Treasure Treasure is encrypted (usually) in a dakini alphabet following the Tantric Empowerment Ceremony. In reality, there are no shortcuts to liberation in Buddhist doctrine, the Nyingma School included, although many Nyingma Terma texts profess their capacity to liberate by one of the six senses, which Chögyam Trungpa lists as hearing, wearing, seeing, remembering, tasting, and touching.34 If a person achieves liberation through a sensorial medium, as opposed to meditation, it is because that individual was mentally and morally prepared to do so. Keywords: buddha; buddhism; liberation; nyingma; padmasambhava; revelation; school; teachings; terma; tertön; text; tibetan; tradition; treasure

• The Good News (and Who’s Listening) in Tim O’Brien’s The Things they Carried by none (2009) - But back to Martha: is the biblical Martha and her story or stories connected to the Martha that Jimmy Cross would love? In John’s Gospel Mary comes to Jesus after Martha returns home, to tell Mary Jesus has sent for her. Keywords: cross; jesus; martha; o’brien; story
• Two Augustines? by none (2009) - When Jesus prays from the cross, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34), Augustine is clear about which Jews Jesus is Two Augustines? She reinforces her case for Augustine’s contri- bution with an astute discussion of his correspondence with the far less 210 Academic Roundtable © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 accommodating Jerome (on the legitimacy of the Jewish practices of the earliest followers of Jesus) and with a cogent presentation of what the bishop does not say on the use of force against Jews (as compared to his approval of it against Donatists). Keywords: augustine; homilies; jesus; jews; john

• Robert Alter and the Resistance to Theory by none (2008) - Going through his annotations to one of my favorite episodes in Genesis, cain’s slaying of his brother Abel, the only verse Alter skips over where I tend to pause is 4:13, where cain’s reply to the LORD’s judgment, “gadol ‘avoni minso’ ” can mean either that cain’s “sin” or his “punishment” is greater than 214 Robert Alter and the Resistance to Theory © Equinox Publishing Ltd. Similarly, in his introduction to his translation and commentary on the Book of Samuel, Alter contends that “much of the richness and complexity 216 Robert Alter and the Resistance to Theory © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008 of the story is lost by those who imagine this book as a stringing together of virtually independent sources” (The David Story x). Keywords: alter; david; genesis; narrative; samuel; saul; story; text; theory
• Frazer, Elizabeth, and Kimberly Hutchings. Violence and Political Theory. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2020. 224 pages. $22.95 (paper). ISBN: 978–1–509–53672–6. by Alexander, Alexios (2023) - Moreover, not only do these “slippages between accounts of political violence and discourses on war and gender do a great deal of legitimating work, they are also key to political theorists’ failure to engage fully with conditions and practices of violence” (6). Frazer and Hutchings assert that, in their view, “feminist reflections on political violence, through debates on pacifism and war, push to its limits the political theory repertoire for thinking about the relation between politics and violence” (175). Keywords: authors; frazer; hutchings; politics; theory; violence

• Papal Approval of Holy Roman Emperors, 1250-1356 by none (2018) - De ecclesiastica potestate, especially 1:37 (translatio imperri and its relation to the transfer to the Germans, and the papal approval) and 1:38 (imperial election and coronation, and papal approbation). In terms of the evolution of the theory of papal approbation, as opposed to the popes’ actual ventures into the diplomatic entanglements associated with the imperial candidates, the period of the Interregnum and Rudolf of Habsburg was as important as the decretals and the precedent- setting events of 1245–1257. Keywords: approbation; approval; bull; charles; conrad; coronation; der; des; election; electors; emperor; empire; frankfurt; german; holy; innocent; king; louis; ockham; papal; pope; power; princes; right; roman; rome; und; von

• The Ethics of Metaethics: On Thomas Nagel’s Mind and Cosmos by none (2015) - Are we really supposed to abandon a massively successful scientific research program because Nagel finds some scientific claims hard to square with what he thinks is obvious and “undeniable,” such as his confidence that his “clearest moral…reasonings are objectively valid”?7 An irony, however, should not go unnoticed.8 Nagel finds materialist naturalism problematic because, among other reasons, he thinks it undermines the distinction between appearances and reality in matters of value: in brief, moral realism. ”23 Evaluative truth—on which Street takes a constructivist view24—is understood as “a function of the evaluative attitudes we have”: more fully, a function of these attitudes brought into reflective equilibrium by evaluative judgments drawing on precisely our fund of attitudes shaped by selective pressures.25 Nagel summarizes: “Street holds that a Darwinian account is strongly supported by contemporary science, so she concludes that moral realism is false.”26 Keywords: darwinian; ibid; mind; nagel; new; realism; street
• The Peculiar Flavor of Nagel’s Metaethics by none (2015) - ”10 Nagel provides several colorful examples: “someone gives a complicated speech in support of a motion that has already passed; a notorious criminal is made president of a major philanthropic foundation; you declare your love over the telephone to an answering machine; as you are being knighted, your pants fall down. Nagel’s Philosophy of Philosophizing Throughout his career, Nagel’s thinking has been characterized by the belief that philosophizing is ultimately grounded in, for lack of a better word, a certain choice about how best to respond to various tensions, especially tensions between subjectivity and objectivity, that arise within our lives as reflective creatures.7 Nagel evinces this belief about philosophizing for the first time in “The Absurd.” Keywords: cosmos; ibid; life; lives; mind; nagel; pursuits; realism; value

• Creativity and Cleverness within Discipline in the Study of Man and the Study of Happiness by none (2019) - Economics, as a social science, is not primarily concerned with “allocation” so much as “exchange relationships” and the institutions within which exchange takes place.6 Much of Hirschfeld’s rightful criticisms of textbook economics stem from this conflation in some presentations of the subject. This undue emphasis on measurable objectives over richer qualities also influences the economists’ obsession with economic growth.15 Hirschfeld asks: “We will always be infinitely far from satiety, so what sort of good does economic growth actually achieve?” Keywords: aquinas; boettke; choice; conversation; discipline; economics; economy; happiness; hirschfeld; person; problems; theology; view
• Missed Encounter, Missed Opportunity by none (2010) - As the author of a book entitled Žižek and Theology, I have a special stake in this book. I‘ll begin by discussing why I found the first two pieces by Žižek and Milbank, respectively, to be a chore. Keywords: milbank; reading; theology; žižek; žižek‘s

• The “Reflexive Humanities” by none (2008) - Fish’s small concession of the intrinsic pleasures the humanities bring to those who practice them is a slim peg on which to hang an entire tradition of intellectual inquiry and at the same time appears suspi- ciously cozy with the pressures of the very market forces from which he seeks to protect humanities departments. Auden who, in an elegy for W.B. Yeats, wrote that “poetry makes nothing hap- pen” (Auden 1977, 241–243). Keywords: auden; fish; humanities; new; poetry; yeats; york

• Of the Coming of John: W.E.B. Du Bois, Lohengrin, and the Marriage Function of Truth by none (2019) - Imagining John Jones and John Henderson as blood-brothers gives us another angle from which to appreciate the symbolic value Du Bois ascribes to Lohengrin in “Of the Coming of John.” The fact that John Jones hums that hymn of Faith in advance of his suicide is Du Bois’s way of suggesting that John has found that Something worth trusting in, that something worth dying for.6 In the famous conclusion of Chapter 6, “Of the Training of Black Men,” Du Bois provides what I think is a compelling rationale for that faith. Keywords: bois; du bois; henderson; jennie; john; john jones; jones; judge; lohengrin; narrator; peggy; w.e.b; white

• The Reality of Fictional Characters and the Cognitive Value of Literature: Some Surprising Insights from Philosophy by none (2015) - Fictional realism is the claim that fictional characters— things like Antigone, Hamlet, Shere Khan, the city of Minas Tirath, and the like—actually do exist. Under fictional realism, the same applies to fictional characters. Keywords: characters; literature; properties; property; realism; simpliciter; story; things

• The Presence of the Past: The Scholarly Afterlife of Adversus Judaeos Rhetoric by none (2009) - First, if Paul indeed wrote to non-Israelites about his quarrels with Israelites, he would, in a moment, cease being a bystander innocent (as he is often portrayed to be) of setting in motion the Wirkungsgeschichte of Adversus Judaeos rhetoric. Did Paul Believe in Justification by Works? Keywords: adversus; israelites; jews; judaeos; judean; law; non; paul; rhetoric; romans

• Classics as Cost Centers? by none (2011) - This model is moralistically termed Responsibility Center Management, or RCM, for those in the know, and this is the road most large, public universities are traveling as the fetishization of accountability in the crudest of quantitative terms sweeps throughout this country and the halls of the Academy. Universities the world over have been dealing with trying financial times (real and imagined) by optimizing their management structures and aligning all their varying divisions more closely with their corporate goals. Keywords: center; classics; cost; market; universities; university

• Overheard in the Academy: Stanley Fish on the Humanities by none (2008) - The conclusion that Fish draws is that “[i]t is not the business of the humanities to save us”—for they can’t, or in any event in his experience haven’t—“no more than it is their business to bring revenue to a state or a university,” recalling the question with which his column began, “How does one justify funding the arts and humanities?” 01Prusak academy.indd © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2008, Unit 6, The Village, 101 Amies Street, London SW11 2JW [Expositions 2.1 (2008) 005–006] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i1.005 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Overheard in the academy Stanley Fish on the Humanities BErNArd G. PrUSAk Villanova University “How does one justify funding the arts and humanities?” Keywords: fish; humanities
• Is There a Donor in This Class? by none (2008) - Gradu- ate students all over the country threw a fit of pique and indignation similar to the one that Fish has inspired among humanities scholars. In closing, he made this statement about what humanities scholars do: “We construct and tell the story of the human condition, in all of its beauty, horror, inspiration, and condemnation. Keywords: fish; humanism; humanities; scholars
• The Useful Uselessness of the Humanities by none (2008) - Aristotle’s conception of theoretical knowledge is significantly differ- ent from what we take to be the humanities, or even from what we take to be theoretical knowledge, for it embraces the natural sciences, math- ematics, and theology, as well as philosophy.4 Nonetheless, it shares the central feature that Fish attributes to the humanities: it is auto-telic; it is its own good and so need not make any reference to an external result in order to justify itself. But without the humanities, without the pursuit of what Aristotle called theoretical knowledge, the city would be composed only of citizens who are constantly in pursuit of goods whose attainment leads only to further pursuit of more of the same. Keywords: aristotle; city; humanities; knowledge; leisure

• Writing Bible: Robert Alter’s David Story by none (2008) - Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i2.223 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Writing Bible: Robert Alter’s David Story ELSIE StErN Reconstructionist Rabbinical College For more than twenty years, robert Alter has been making a case for the validity and value of reading the Bible as literature. Alter’s choice of parameters is one of the strongest strategies for creating a coherent David Story. Keywords: alter; david; david story; narrative; story; text
• Translating the Bible: A New Approach to an Old Task by none (2008) - Alter also speaks in stringent terms of the use of lexical variation in Bible translation. I believe that Alter is too insistent on a literal approach to Bible translation. Keywords: alter; approach; bible; english; hebrew; text; translation
• A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges of Biblical Studies by none (2015) - Under the weight of the postmodernist critique, Bible scholars cannot claim objectivity in their methods, nor can they proclaim the truth of their discoveries. Certainly, biblical scholarship has changed over the years to accommodate the cultural shift to postmodernism, but more importantly to the field, I argue, is the ways in which Bible scholars have changed. Keywords: bible; communities; scholars; scholarship; studies; text
• The Frankenstein of Biblical Studies? by none (2015) - “Biblical Figures King David and Solomon May Have Actually Existed, Say Archaeologists.” “Discovery of Official Clay Seals Support Existence of Biblical Kings David and Solomon, Archaeologists Say.” Keywords: david; king; text; university

• Multiple Choice Questions: Career Opportunities versus Career Tracks by none (2012) - My job description puts me at an interesting crossroads of outreach, teaching, coaching, and programming: I reach out to faculty, I research academic writing, and I work closely with other departments to organize programs for graduate student writers. I provide support for graduate student writers as well as faculty and staff who work with graduate student writers to help these students succeed in their writing projects. Keywords: english; graduate; writing
• Searching for Authority by none (2012) - We specialize in geographical regions because English literature is, still, mostly identified as British and American literature. And we specialize in time periods for the same reason: nobody can read everything, and English departments should be able to teach their students, at a minimum, the history of English language literature from Chaucer to Toni Morrison. Keywords: department; english; literature

• 2. Bellow’s Spiritual Quest by none (2012) - [Expositions 6.1 (2012) 43–51] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Bellow’s Spiritual Quest GLORIA L. CRONIN Brigham Young University “The Truth, whatever it is, is strange” –Saul Bellow All of his life Bellow sought the “strange truth” of what might lie behind the appearances of life. Saul Bellow Journal 23:1–2 (Winter), 95–116. Keywords: bellow; cronin; death; jewish; language; life; new; saul; university
• Madness Defamiliarized: The Value of Poetic Description of Mental Illness by none (2014) - It seems reasonable, then, that most people Madness Defamiliarized 30 who are free from the extremes of mental illness might overestimate their ability to understand madness or sympathize with those who are suffering in its grip. The intent of describing madness in poetic, even bizarre language is not to undermine its severity or trivialize the very unpoetic pain of the sufferer; rather, poetic language can help us see madness where we have overlooked it before; and this goal finds a direct link with Shklovsky’s assertion that “After being perceived several times, objects acquire the status of ‘recognition.’ Keywords: defamiliarization; depression; experience; illness; language; madness; pain
• Evolution and Value by none (2015) - Human values are not determined by biological evolution, but by cultural evolution. Values differ among human societies and even among human individuals, even within the same human population or human social group; and human values change through time, that is, not only in the scale of human evolution (hundreds of thousands or millions of years), but in the scale of human history (hundreds or thousands of years), and even in the scale of a human life (tens of years). Keywords: ability; ayala; biology; evolution; humans; language; values

• Some Principles at Work in Hesiod’s Theogony by none (2012) - So a fourth principle emerges, one that is visible very early – the principle that generation implies degeneration, that is, it implies the process of growing old and being replaced by succeeding generations, one’s own children in fact. Zeus halts the process of divine generation by swallowing Metis, his first wife, by using her power within him to organize the cosmos, to order it through various dispensations, by assigning prerogatives to the deities under his sway, but he preserves the generative principle by continuing to engage in a series of dynastic “marriages,” which in various ways produce either deities that do not generate or humans that do but are not a threat to him because they are mortal. Keywords: earth; form; generation; hesiod; names; power

• A Reply to My Critic by none (2009) - I acknowledge: 1) that what is at question is, put precisely, whether evil has independent or metaphysical existence; 2) that Augustine’s argument is traditional, with antecedents in Platonic thought; 3) that Augustine elaborates much the same argument elsewhere in his œuvre; 4) that Augustine appeals to revelation in the course of his argument; and 5) that rejecting the privation theory of evil raises big questions. © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2009 A Reply to My Critic BErNArd G. PrUSAk Villanova University bernard.g.prusak@villanova.edu Jonathan Yates’s response to my analysis of Augustine’s argument is a pleasure to read; I am tickled that my little analysis—composed to make sense for myself of a text that many of us at Villanova regularly teach to undergraduates—has elicited a response of such impressive historical and theological learning. Keywords: argument; augustine

• The Rage for Originality and the Curse of Prestige by none (2009) - As a student of postmod- ernism, Taylor ought to know that Scotus plays a central role in the critique of modern reason developed by scholars of the Radical Orthodoxy school, like John Milbank and Katherine Pickstock. As I look from this vantage point, Taylor’s vision of the interdisciplinary academy strikes me as pure folly. Keywords: discipline; originality; taylor; trusteeship

• Editor’s Preface by none (2017) - We have chosen to devote an entire issue to a series of interviews with Shakespeare scholars that I conducted at the University of Oxford in the summer of 2016. At the same time, Shakespeare is the most performed playwright in the English-speaking world (by far), and many Shakespeare scholars write with the awareness that their work will be studied not just by students and scholars but by theater professionals and common readers. Keywords: scholars; shakespeare

• Does It Matter Whether Ecosystems Are Real? by none (2015) - 74 is this: in developing an environmental public policy, should we follow Fitzsimmons and encourage scientists to first settle the empirical question of whether ecosystems exist (and if so, what their boundaries are), and then leave it to the public and policymakers to determine whether ecosystems are worth preserving in the face of competing moral and public duties, or should we follow Norton, first identifying what sorts of things communities value, and then framing a public policy that selectively introduces expressions such as “ecosystem health” and “sustainability” with the goal of upholding this chosen set of community values? Much to the surprise of Fitzsimmons and the new paradigmists, their controversy on whether ecosystems are real is, if Norton is right, actually a debate about who is right as regards how best to serve the prevailing set of community values. Keywords: anti; ecosystems; fitzsimmons; mind; norton; policy; scientists; sense; values; view

• Explaining Value: Nagel on Normative Realism and the Teleology of Evolution by none (2015) - Nagel on Normative Realism and the Teleology of Evolution MICAH LOTT Boston College In chapter 5 of Mind and Cosmos, Thomas Nagel argues that value realism shows that “something is missing from Darwinism, and from the standard biological conception of ourselves. But I wish to raise some doubts about Nagel’s claim that value realism calls for historical teleology of this sort. Keywords: explanation; life; nagel; realism; street; understanding; value

• Hollander, Paul. From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. by none (2018) - Hollander here discusses a phenomenon that characterized the relationship of many intellectuals to both Stalin’s USSR and Mao’s China: the indifference to evidence that might run counter to one’s intellectual or political commitments. From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship. Keywords: century; hollander; intellectuals; lilla; new; regimes; tyranny
• Divico in Oil and Metal: Caesar and the Helvetians in Nineteenth-Century Swiss Painting and Contemporary Folk-Death Metal by none (2019) - Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Divico in Oil and Metal: Caesar and the Helvetians in Nineteenth-Century Swiss Painting and Contemporary Folk-Death Metal CHRISTOPHER M. MCDONOUGH The University of the South “Needless cruelty and bloodshed at times stained his conduct, but these cannot obscure the greatness of his personality or essentially alter the measure of his achievements” (Bennett xiii). As their viewpoint has no ancient literary account and no standard edition, however, how the Helvetians felt about Caesar can never be recovered. Keywords: caesar; century; divico; eluveitie; gallic; glanzmann; gleyre; helvetians; les; metal; romains; swiss; wars

• Introduction to the Academic Roundtable by none (2010) - Slavoj Žižek and John Milbank, The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? I don‟t know for reasons I‟ve been trying to explore for years and years.” 1 Readers of the recent encounter between the Lacanian neo-Marxist, Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek and the “Radical Orthodox,” Anglo-Catholic theologian John Milbank, orchestrated and edited by Creston Davis and published under the titled The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? 2 cannot help but feel that a figure like Derrida, with his scruples and gentle, civil demeanor would be quite out of place among such robust protagonists. Keywords: milbank; žižek

• The Future of the Classics: Introduction by none (2011) - It remains to thank my fellow contributors, who took time out of their ongoing work to share their thoughts on the state of the discipline – these papers stand as testaments to their commitment to fostering the kind of public debate without which the future of the Classics would be rather uncertain. When I was first asked by the editorial team of Expositions to offer my ruminations on the state of Classics, I had the good fortune to be in residence at the Center for Hellenic Studies (CHS). Keywords: classics; future

• Enhancing Me, Enhancing You: Academic Enhancement as a Moral Duty by none (2008) - Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v2i2.157 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Enhancing Me, Enhancing You: Academic Enhancement as a Moral Duty MUIrEANN QUIgLEy Centre for Social Ethics and Policy and Institute for Science, Ethics, and Innovation School of Law, University of Manchester Introduction Enhancements come in many shapes and forms: physical enhancements, cognitive enhancements, emotional enhancements, and, there is even a new kid on the block, moral enhancements (see Persson and Savulescu 2008; Douglas 2008). It is, however, the issue of cognitive enhancement that really gets the debate going. Keywords: academics; enhancement; enhancing; sport; use

• Fashion/ing Statements: Reading Homeless Bodies in Contemporary Fiction by none (2011) - To some extent, then, narrative containment of homeless bodies in fictional representation parallels the policing of homeless bodies as well as their exclusion from the public and the political. “Homeless chic,” it turns out, is the epitome of homeless representation, a practice that rarely operates without inclusive exclusion. Keywords: body; exclusion; girl; homeless; homelessness; novel; representation; savage; shakar; woman

• Contribution to Roundtable Discussion on Biblical Studies by none (2015) - The multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the relationship between texts and intertexts, between texts and contexts, and between literature and history, characterizes to a large extent the research trends not only in the study of rabbinic literature but biblical studies as well as the humanities at large. This development did not come about overnight, but in many respects is the product of a process going back to the early 1980s, a watershed period when scholars began to draw on the innovations taking place in literary studies and to apply them to the study of rabbinic literature. Keywords: literature; rabbinic; studies; study

• Alexander Nagel and Christopher S. Wood, Anachronic Renaissance. New York: Zone Books, 2010. 455 pp. $39.95. by none (2010) - The brilliance of this book is its dedication to the careful unfolding of substitutional thinking, and to its eventual erosion as a mode for understanding not only time but also material works. The authors contextualize material substitution within a famous reading of medieval typology of the figura by Erich Auerbach, in which a historical event in the present is absorbed and understood in relation to a historical event in the past, both legitimizing each other as events within the Christological understanding of time that will only be fulfilled by Christ’s parousia. Keywords: hobbes; nagel; renaissance; ship; substitution; wood

• Aquinas’s Sheep: A Note on Anscombe on Freedom by none (2009) - To make an initial contribution, Anscombe’s remark that it is a “mistake to think that the relation of being done in execution of a certain intention, or being done intentionally, is a causal relation” suggests that describing an action as intentional does not rule out giving a causal explanation of it in different terms (Anscombe 2005, 95).1 To close, I want to consider briefly Anscombe’s oft-cited remark that there is nothing unacceptable about the idea that [the] “physical hap- hazard” should be the only physical correlate of human freedom of action; and perhaps also of the voluntariness and intentionalness in the conduct of other animals which we do not call “free.” Putting this claim in different words, he also says that, “if determinism turns out to be true, then all our talk about human actions and human agents…would be ‘just a highly convenient, nay indispensable, façon de parler’” (Sullivan 2007, 236, quoting Anscombe 2005, 103); and “if one were to hold that a given movement were necessitated by prior perceptions, beliefs, desires, and intentions, then…there would be nothing for the intention embodied in that action to explain” and it would make no sense to count that movement as an intentional action (Sullivan 2007, 237). Keywords: action; anscombe; freedom; sullivan

• Introduction to the Academic Roundtable by none (2011) - The impetus for the contradictory term, “homeless chic,” initially emerged on the scene in the spring of 2000, when designer Jo [Expositions 5.1 (2011) 41-43] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Introduction to the Academic Roundtable “Homeless Chic:” The Cultural Contradictions of Representations of the Homeless and of Homelessness JENNIFER JOYCE KISSKO Center for Liberal Education and the Center for Peace and Justice Education Villanova University The contradictory term “homeless chic” was initially employed in the spring of 2000, when designer John Galliano introduced his “boho-meets-hobo chic” spring-summer haute couture collection for the House of Dior in Paris. Yet despite a general reaction of shock and repulsion toward the oddity and absurdity of even the mere term “homeless chic,” there still lingered in the media a kind of fascination with such a contradictory and slippery concept. Keywords: chic; doll; fashion; homelessness; spring

• Introduction to the Academic Roundtable: Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide by none (2011) - – Chinese Proverb The topic of discussion for this Academic Roundtable is Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn’s 2009 work of what is perhaps best described as “advocacy journalism:” Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. Introduction to the Academic Roundtable 72 Works Cited Kristof, Nicholas D. and Sheryl WuDunn. 2009. Keywords: women; wudunn
• Half the Sky: Considering the Audience-conscious Persuasive Genius of Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn by none (2011) - Deriving initial credibility from their status as Pulitzer Prize-winning international journalists (ethos), Kristof and WuDunn grab audience attention with the story of a Cambodian girl’s cruel sexual enslavement. To appeal to popular audiences, presumably unfamiliar with the issues at hand, authors must relate problems in a way simple enough to hold audience attention, recognizable enough to invoke empathy, and exciting enough to motivate action. Keywords: american; audience; authors; choices; gender; individual; kristof; narrative; women; wudunn

• Co-operation in the Age of Hobby Lobby: When Sincerity is Not Enough by none (2017) - When it comes to working out what sort of reason can justify certain behavior in a given situation, the question in co-operation cases is how the effects relate to the co-operator’s action: the more the co-operator is implicated in the principal act, the graver the reason they need for co-operating. My purpose has been to show that there is a principled way of looking at co-operation cases that does not involve appeal to religious doctrine or expression per se and that is not wholly subjective. Keywords: act; belief; case; court; coverage; lobby; objectors; operation
• Religious Doctrine and the HHS Mandate by none (2017) - Therefore, if compliance with the HHS mandate intrinsically constitutes formal cooperation with evil, then— regardless of relative to which action(s) of which principal(s) it does—it necessarily involves intention of the end that those who as a result acquire contraceptive coverage use contraception. If by doing  C is cooperating with P’s pursuit of end E, then (FC)  constitutes formal cooperation with evil relative to E if and only if (a) P’s pursuit of E is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it P intends E, and (b)  is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it C intends E; whereas (MC)  constitutes material cooperation with evil relative to E if and only if (a) P’s pursuit of E is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it P intends E, but (-b) it is not the case that  is impermissible in virtue of the fact that in doing it C intends E. Religious Doctrine and the HHS Mandate 36     Keywords: case; compliance; cooperation; end; evil; mandate

• 1. Introduction to the Roundtable: Holmes Rolston III’s A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth by none (2012) - The pieces collected here stand, no doubt, as just one of the first of many thoughtful conversations that A New Environmental Ethics will inspire, and they are offered in the same spirit that one finds in Rolston’s own works: that of passionate, reflective and critical engagement with the question of how best to live a meaningful human life on a valuable planet Earth. One thing that the contributors to this roundtable discussion have in common – Marion Hourdequin (Colorado College), Nicole Klenk (University of New Brunswick), and myself (University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point) – is that we are all from a generation of environmental thinkers that has always been able to look to the pioneering work that Rolston did long before we came on the scene. Keywords: rolston

• 1. Introduction to the Symposium: The Search for the Spiritual in Saul Bellow by none (2012) - Rather than deriding the modern world or celebrating its fragmentation and disorder, Bellow writes about the comedy inherent in life and the possible paths of spiritual fulfillment. This roundtable explores this theme of faith and spiritual fulfillment in Bellow’s own life and works. Keywords: bellow; spiritual

• Edward Said and the Culture behind Orientalism by none (2014) - As an intellectual committed to secular humanism and at the same time a relentless critic of the Western colonial enterprise that perpetuated the notion that Western culture was the only vehicle for that humanism, Said wrote with passion about the discourse he labeled “Orientalism.” Microsoft Word - Varisco Said-final [Expositions 7.2 (2013) 52–54] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Edward Said and the Culture behind Orientalism DANIEL MARTIN VARISCO Hofstra University A decade after the passing of Edward Said, his legacy lives on. Keywords: culture; edward; orientalism; varisco

• 1. Introduction to the Roundtable:Daryn Lehoux's “What Did the Romans Know? An Inquiry Into Science and Worldmaking” by none (2012) - A work in the history and philosophy of science, Lehoux offers a set of historical studies of select Roman scientific problems and texts (by such figures as Cicero, Lucretius, Ptolemy, and Galen) from the first century BCE to the second century CE with the aim of illuminating “the historical, intellectual, and experiential context of fact-making.” [Expositions 6.2 (2012): 9] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Introduction to the Roundtable: Daryn Lehoux’s “What Did the Romans Know? Keywords: lehoux

• The Chic Homeless: A Vogue Special by none (2011) - Auf die- sen und den vorigen sechs Sei- ten: Frisuren und Make-up von der Natur so gewachsen, von Claudia Kunzmann nachgeholfen. Diese Seite: Schmetterlingsbrosche aus Gelb- und Weiß- gold mit vier Diamantenrosen von zusammen 9,8 Keywords: homeless; mit; seite; und; von

• Coerced Proximate Contingent Material Cooperation: An Analysis of the HHS Contraceptive Mandate by none (2017) - 51 Cavanaugh The selling of spray paint—to have recourse to the spray paint example once again—lends itself to many further acts by others, very few of which are objectionable acts of vandalism. Given one’s (defeasible but real) obligation to prevent objectionable acts, the more the principal’s act depends on the cooperator’s, the greater the justification required of the cooperator to act. Keywords: act; cooperation; employer; form; mandate; material; material cooperation; paint; principal

• Ngai, Sianne. Theory of the Gimmick: Aesthetic Judgment and Capitalist Form. Cambridge, MA, and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. 416 pages. $35.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978–0–674–98454–7. by Schlauraff, Kristie (2023) - Ngai’s sweeping account of gimmicks in literature, horror films, photography, digital installation art, and advertising, among other things, captures the pervasiveness of an aesthetic category that raises significant questions about how capitalism structures our social interactions and how much longer we can (or should) sustain an economic system that renders certain lives disposable. What this example ultimately does is force readers to confront their own complicity in a system the excludes certain individuals from social protection; those who lack social and political power are more vulnerable to gimmicks, not because their aesthetic judgments are less refined or nuanced, but because they often have to subscribe to or utilize gimmicks as a means of survival, as Ngai points out not only in this chapter but also in her introduction. Keywords: capitalism; chapter; gimmick; labor; ngai

• Editor's Preface by none (2009) - What is it that we glimpse in chaplin’s story? can enchantment find a home in modern times? Dawn If we turn to the end of chaplin’s movie hoping to learn the fate of en- chantment in modern times, what we find is deeply ambiguous. Keywords: chaplin; enchantment; modern; wetzel

• Bound to Remember by none (2009) - Consequently, Blustein defines genuine collective shame in the following manner: Shared membership shame: group shame is truly collective when and only when there is shame over something the group has done that is widespread among the members of the group, the shame is publicly expressed and socially unifying, and it is aroused by actions or prac- tices that call into question the group’s fidelity to its collective norma- tive self-conception. He elucidates the genuine notion of collective shame by distinguishing it from other, inadequate characterizations of group shame. Keywords: blustein; group; memory; past; responsibility; shame

• Editor’s Introduction by none (2019) - The March 2019 conference hosted by King’s College on “The Horizons of Business Education” had a threefold purpose: first, to come to a greater understanding both of non-profits and of social entrepreneurship; second, to learn about initiatives to prepare business students for the possibility of jobs and careers in non-profit organizations and as social entrepreneurs; and third, to learn about non-profits and social entrepreneurs currently making a difference in northeastern Pennsylvania and beyond.1 Expositions publishes two papers from this conference. 19 Prusak The second paper, by Nicholas Santos, S.J., Assistant Professor of Marketing at Marquette University, focuses on the paradigm of business education now dominant in the United States. Keywords: business; profit

• Interview: Jonathan Lear, The University of Chicago by none (2012) - And as I read some of the later work, especially pseudonymous works by Johannes Climacus, I realized that Climacus was very critical of his own work on irony, the original book, The Concept of Irony,1 so I also realized that if you read contemporary lit on Socrates and irony they would all refer to passages in [The Concept of] Irony and there were no references to the thought Interview: Jonathan Lear 2 that Kierkegaard had gone on to reject in significant ways that early work of his. Drawing on his studies of Socrates, Kierkegaard, and psychoanalysis, Lear provides a compelling account for us to rethink irony today and commit ourselves to a different understanding of it. Keywords: irony; kierkegaard; lear; pichanick

• Prusak, Bernard G. Parental Obligations and Bioethics: The Duties of a Creator. New York: Routledge, 2013). 162pp. $125.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978–0–415–70333–8. by none (2015) - Prusak does assess the case of children born through donation or surrogacy and notes that, while there are documented burdens associated with the lack of social ties to their biological progenitors, the lives of such children are not so disproportionately burdensome to conclude that the practices of gamete donation or surrogacy are inherently bad; however, he still finds the practice problematic for other reasons (76–7). He argues that giving one’s child up for adoption can be a justifiable response when one has procreated and then realized that they would Review of Parental Obligations and Bioethics 156 not be capable of fulfilling their parental obligations; nevertheless, this does not render the transfer of one’s parental responsibility to an adoptive couple good simpliciter, as harms may accrue to children whose foundational relationship of unconditional love with their birth parents has been disrupted. Keywords: child; children; obligations; prusak

• Representations of Multicultural Dance in Photographic Images by none (2014) - 35 Stolar and Sacchetti These compositional elements visually stress the thematic representation of Aboriginal dance in Northern Mosaic. Focusing on the subject matter and compositional elements of dance photographs, we tease out some of the unexpected meanings that surround multiculturalism (see Mirzoeff 2002). Keywords: bay; cover; dance; dancers; images; mosaic; multiculturalism; thunder

• Clements, Niki Kasumi. Sites of the Ascetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. 288 pages. $65.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978–0–268–10785–7. by Squires, Stuart (2023) - Cassian offered the dietary practices of the Egyptian monks as models for monastic practice in Gaul. Sites of the Ascetic Self: John Cassian and Christian Ethical Formation. Keywords: cassian; formation; life; practices

• Tracking Failures, Imagining Alternatives: Du Bois and the Myth of Guaranteed Progress by none (2019) - [Expositions 13.1 (2019) 112–120] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747–5376 Tracking Failures, Imagining Alternatives: Du Bois and the Myth of Guaranteed Progress THEODRA BANE Villanova University Much of what surrounds contemporary controversies along the color line—the central problem of the twentieth century according to W.E.B. Du Bois—in the popular rhetoric and imaginary is the inexplicability of the problem’s resurgence today after over 50 years of Civil Rights “victories” and demonstrative “social progress.” Both within and without the academy, the thoughts of W.E.B. Du Bois prove fruitful in combatting the myth of guaranteed progress, or the promise of social evolutionary advancement through understanding alone.1 In this brief analysis, I argue that one of the most important legacies left to us by Du Bois is his practice of shifting the litmus of understanding from a reliance on a progressive guarantee to the necessity of ongoing struggle. Keywords: bois; brown; du bois; failure; new; progress

• Barnes, Julian. The Sense of an Ending. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. 163 pp, E-book, $11.99, eISBN: 978–0–307–95733–7. by none (2012) - Tony Webster is our narrator, a likable and unreliable narrator, a British man who came of age in the 1960s, read History at Bristol, married, had a child, divorced, and now finds himself in his later years reflecting on where and who he has been. Tony Webster experiences his own memory erasures, most notably when courting his wife. Keywords: barnes; ending; tony

• De Bary, Wm. Theodore. The Great Civilized Conversation: Education for World Community. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. 416 pages. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-231- 16276-0. by none (2016) - In doing so, he gave ritual form to a judgment that many had long held: Ted de Bary is a national treasure, a teacher and scholar who has made the world a better place by deepening understanding between West and East. How deeply de Bary has lived out his vocation! Keywords: bary; columbia; confucianism; zhu

• Correction: Academic Roundtable on Paula Fredriksen’s Augustine and the Jews: A Christian Defense of Jews and Judaism (Expositions 3.2 [2009]) by none (2010) - Fredriksen lists Cohen‟s book in her bibliography on page 440; she cites it on page 377, n. 2, and explains her disagreements with it on pages 417-418, n. 2, and pages 424-425, n. 25. [Expositions 4.1&2 (2010) 139] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Correction In her contribution, “Living, Breathing Jewish People and Augustine‟s „Jews in the Head‟” to our last issue‟s Academic Roundtable on Paula Fredriksen‟s Augustine and the Jews: A Christian Defense of Jews and Judaism, Rebecca Winer writes that she “would have expected in [Fredriksen‟s] fifty pages of notes and twenty-five pages of bibliography to find [Jeremy] Cohen‟s Living Letters of the Laws: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity” (Expositions 3.2 Keywords: pages

• Kathryn Hughes, The Short Life and Long Times of Mrs. Beeton. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. $29.95 cloth by none (2007) - The Short Life and Long Times of Mrs. Beeton. In the pages of the Book of House- hold Management, Mrs. Beeton is more than happy to answer it, in a voice which remains worth reading: at once knowledgeable, reassuring, practical, and nostalgic. Keywords: beeton; hughes; mrs

• Neglected Classic: Flatland by none (2007) - Neglected Classic: Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions 243 © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2007 The construction of Flatland society allows Abbott to foreground the disruptive power of higher dimensionality. For our first issue, we present a review of a new scholarly edi- tion of Edwin A. Abbott’s “Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions,” a beguiling piece of Victorian literature that addresses the connections—and conflicts—between the humanities and the sciences. Keywords: abbott; banchoff; dimensions; flatland

Epilogue

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