Plane Thermoelastic Waves in Infinite Half-Space Caused FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Economics and Organization Vol. 14, N o 1, 2017, pp. 57 - 69 DOI: 10.22190/FUEO1701057M Review paper ECONOMIC CRISIS AND CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SERBIAN FAMILY1 UDC 338.124.4(497.11) Predrag Mitrović 1 , Gorica Bošković 2 1 UniCredit bank, Serbia JSC, Serbia 2 Faculty of Economics, University of Niš, Serbia Abstract. Modern society and the world economy are highly contradicted to existing processes and relationships. It could be discerned in large social inequalities, in unfair and unequal opportunities of socio-economic development and in severe conflicts of different contrasting groups and interests. The problem of economic growth, especially of the smaller countries in development, is radicalized by unequal distribution of natural resources, economic and political power. At the moment In Serbia the crisis is visible in almost every sector of society. Unemployment is rising, just like crime rate, corruption and various forms of social pathology. The growing rate of violence and different forms of family abuse are spreading the sense of hopelessness. Not only did the education become more expensive but also the employment availability and social success became inversely proportional to the acquired knowledge. Every year the birth rate declines. All of these affect the young, who become discontent. Being unable to identify themselves with their own country they start to accept the situation with resignation and social apathy. The number of those who leave Serbia is increasing. The roots of very bad economic situation in Serbia are planted in the inherited systemic problems which arose after the disintegration of Yugoslavia and its markets, sanctions and aggression and destruction of economy and infrastructure by NATO, but mostly and primarily is rooted in the acceptance and implementation of arguably detrimental doctrine shaped by the concept of neo-liberal model of economic policy. In this research paper, the authors, in order to minimize potential developmental risk and to maximize the biological survival of Serbian population in future, state that neoliberal globalization begins with destruction of the family and ends with the destruction of the country itself. This hypothesis is confirmed by the current demographic and development trends in Serbia. Key words: economic crisis, neoliberal globalization, the state, the family, Serbia. JEL Classification: J11 1 Received November 21, 2016 / Revised December 6, 2016 / Accepted January 31, 2017 Corresponding author: Gorica Bošković Faculty of Economics, University of Niš, Trg kralja Aleksandra 11, 18000 Niš, Serbia E-mail: gorica.boskovic@eknfak.ni.ac.rs 58 P. MITROVIĆ, G. BOSKOVIĆ INTRODUCTION The problems of current economic crisis, as of the one from 1929-1933, are rooted in matrix of neoliberal capitalism. Individualism, free market, private property as the complete state’s withdrawal from the economic sphere plus the ignoring of the national distinctions, social responsibility, moral worth and ethic principles resulted in deep contradictions of existing processes and relations with high rate of social inequalities and clash of interests among different conflict groups. The neoliberal globalization decreases power of the sovereign state or the country and increases the power of multinational corporations and international organizations that consciously direct their activities towards destruction of the small countries’ economies and population. The neoliberal globalization decreases power of the sovereign state or the country and increases the power of multinational corporations and international organizations that consciously direct their activities towards destruction of the small countries’ economies and population. The destruction of the small countries’ economies, the increasing rate of unemployment, rising social tensions, moral worth degradation, marginalization of state and church institutions represent the fake picture, the illusion of freedom, democracy and globalised education and information. Originated from this illusion the purpose-made primitive entertainment like the advertising campaigns of homosexuals, drug addicts and sects bring a destructive impact on traditional family, its roll and value. This generally reflects on the strength and stability of the country and its development survival perspective. The wealth of a small number of strong and powerful individuals is rising according to the rising poverty rate of most people. 1. NEOLIBERALISM IN THE CORE OF ECONOMIC CRISIS The development of global modern society is followed by rising of numerous problems, risks and dangers that can impact the humanity and its institutions. We witness here the contemporary era paradox: by developing new techniques, modern technologies and economies, always steering towards future of predictable security the humanity produced itself instruments and prerequisites for free and decent life but instead it lives degraded and helpless, in constant fear of terrorism, war, violence, economic crisis and ecologic catastrophes. Concerning our insecurity in modern society I would quote Ulrich Beck “it does not decrease but it increases proportionally to the increase of the knowledge, research and expert rationality” (Bek, 2001). Which are the reasons, and what is in the core of such state? „Nowadays Humanity is in claws of manipulative global or mass culture based on the market principles and individual freedoms that promote a certain life style, form stereotypes and make illusion of an idyllic serene life where everything is within the reach of hand. In virtual pseudo-reality, in man, the consumer feelings are growing, which determine many aspects of life and his behaviour standards. People tend to became rich to gain profit so the primary ideal becomes money that controls the value system. Too busy with satisfying his own hedonistic needs the individual becomes indifferent to other people’s sufferings and everything else that concerns one’s material interest and life standard. The individual lives in his own virtual world where the religion and any other system of value except Economic Crisis and Current Problems of Serbian Family 59 money value are absent, where the individual material benefit prevails over general benefit. In a world like that the individual does not have free time or space for family and friends. There is not a social cohesion and to the individual a general benefit loses its importance, he is not willing anymore to make sacrifices for others“ (Dusanic, 2013, p.19), including his own children (added by authors). The modern society inequalities are deeply rooted in contradictory development of globalised world whose perspective and future development depends exclusively on control of availability of already limited resources like oil and fresh water resources or highly educated personnel and neutral media services. The most visible characteristic of modern society is inequality. World wealth is increasing as well as world population and it is unequally distributed on the planet. At the beginning of 2000 a world GDP (Gross Domestic Product) was 3 billion dollars or something like $ 5.000 per head. Still, in Ethiopia it was barely $ 100 and in Switzerland that has the highest GDP rate, was $ 38.000 per head. For The countries with low rate of domestic product (DP), ( under $ 750 per head) even for those with average rate of DP ( between $ 750 and $ 9.500 per head) is hard to achieve the standard of countries with very high rate of DP ( from $ 9.500 and more) (Martin et al. 2006, p. 15). However for the last half of the century this gap is growing and as a consequence the middle class is disappearing. For example during the mid-seventies the number of high rate GDP countries was 8 times higher than of those with average GDP rate and 40 times higher than of those with low GDP rate (1:8:40). Till 2000 the proportion has been significantly changed to 1:15:60, so the proportion points out that the countries with high GDP rate had their GDP rate 60 times higher than the ones with low GDP rate. According to Milovanovic, at the moment, only 14 % of world population could be considered as middle class, barely 4 % as upper or rich class and 78 % is considered as low class on the edge of poverty (Milovanovic, 2006). There is no need to explain further on these differences. Just the fact that there is even a metaphysical chance to live 60 times better is enough to explain why the countries with low GDP rate or with low and middle life standards have high rate of migrations towards countries with high life standards. „Side by side with global society development is developing “the global barbarity” (crime, terrorism, insider trading, prohibited substances trading, human trafficking, war and war threats, children and women exploitation, ecological problems, problems with moral norms). As the biggest consequence of globalisation and global society development is “impatience” of some politic and economic power centres. They wish to “speed-up” the process and to impose themselves as global society leaders, they want to take advantage of their starting positions and to create “monopoly” over globalisation. That causes completely realistic and expected reactions of those ones who suffer the most and who are in “outsider position” comparing to the main streams of globalisation (Dusanic, 2013, p. 19). If the sovereign countries even try to give a resistance to “global trends” they will get sanctioned. They get both economic and military sanctions. The international laws are violated by isolated political decisions and the influence and authority of the United Nations dissolves. Democracy and human rights are misused. The big and financially powerful countries impose the political resolutions in small countries; they even establish the dictatorship regimes that mercilessly lead the society into totalitarianism. In future as the experts predict the international competition and apathy will increase. The same thing will happen with national, racial and religious discrimination. The aim of this possible scenario is to reach the complete domination of use and control over the 60 P. MITROVIĆ, G. BOSKOVIĆ most important world resources, which will encourage the insecurity and fear of individual and social groups around the world. 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC GENOCIDE OF SERBS The 20th century crisis in Serbia that arose during the 1990s brought to disintegration of former Yugoslavia and seriously wounded the production branches of Serbian economy in transition. Severe political and social problems, like disintegration of Yugoslavia, sanctions, aggression, destruction of infrastructure enforced and introduced by NATO, are in the roots of inequality in Serbia today. The essence of these inequalities is NATO’s, inconsiderate and negligent application of so called neoliberal economic policy, denial of the importance of country in defining of main development aims as of their application and control. Soon after the October revolution of 2000 Serbia faced the steep economic decadence that was systematically encouraged and inspired by IMF. The IMF used the same pattern as usual whenever it had access and possibility to impact the state’s political economy. The most important goal of the IMF as always is protection of financial system stability and its capacity to repay the external debt. Essentially the IMF represents the creditors or creditor countries and protects their interests. The encouragement of liquidation of state-owned enterprises and withdrawal of the state from economic sphere is the safest way that leads to achievement of already mentioned goal, but that encourages introduction of neoliberal economic model. The economic development public officials instead of concentrating on the establishment of adequate institutional infrastructure and instead of creating and establishing the rules and optimal conditions for long term economic growth they, so called “the Serbian experts in economy”, already familiar with the positive and negative experiences of neighbouring countries in transition, are putting the accent on stabilisation, liberalisation and privatisation. The stabilisation, liberalisation and privatisation are basic elements of the original Washington Consensus. With the revolutionary verve, and introduction not to say intrusion of democracy, started the implementation of neoliberal economic doctrine. The stabilisation is revised to “Stable local currency” that reveals the unreal picture of strong Serbian economy, and as overrated, it influences the price growth of domestic goods on international market, discourages the export of domestic products and stimulates the import of goods. An additional impact on domestic economy was the reduction of import duties for the foreign countries goods, and even the complete elimination of duties. A foreign capital without the verification of proofs of origin, from different suspicious funds and sources, right after the October changes in 2000 attacked the free Serbian market. The funds hurled to Serbia because the possibilities of money laundering and its value and asset growth were extremely diverse, without any duty towards the state or towards employees. It is worth to mention that the biggest four domestic banks were closed. It provided the opportunity for foreign countries banks to implement and present to inhabitants and local economy the offensive and aggressive credit policy. The state with its destroyed economy and people eager to have a better life both headed into debts. With high level of foreign currency cash inflow, and with numerous foreign credit lines withdrawals, with privatizations of state property, enterprises, banks, cellular network Economic Crisis and Current Problems of Serbian Family 61 operators, fresh water resources the foreign currency supply was growing and Serbia finished with pegged exchange of “strong” local currency “Dinar”. Export oriented domestic enterprises and enormous state systems that employed thousands of people, started to have a huge financial loses and accordingly to shrink the production volume so people got fired, and with big financial problems they started to lose markets and even to close the companies. The potentates in order to save themselves from revolt of unsatisfied employees and their electoral apparatus they started without any control to pump in the endless financial assets, which end up “in bottomless pit”. A wrong implementation of stabilisation and liberalisation in Serbia brought to domestic production suffocation and resulted in enormous increase of unemployment, big national debt, mass and uncontrolled privatisation of state property and resources. But a bigger problem was that the realized incomes were not used in the right purpose. Instead of being used to solve the problem of unemployment and to encourage the economy development they were used for current Government expenses. It is clear that the economic growth could not be encouraged by increased consumption, especially not by consumption of imported goods as it is case in Serbia. The transitional processes in 2001 were applied in phases: privatisation, restructuration of economy, macroeconomic stabilisation, the liberalisation of unregulated export and cost trade, banking sector consolidation and privatisation, initial phase of joining the EU, numerous legal adaptations in every sector of economy and society, numerous tax system and public sector reforms, adaptation of fiscal and monetary policy improvement of banking system efficiency and financial markets development, development of partnership between especially the infrastructural private and public sectors, the regulation of labour market and relations between employer and employees, attempts in levelling down the grey economy and corruption. The introduced reforms generally should improve the credibility of Serbia and increase its competitiveness. The same ones should decrease the risk rate of investment. Since they were partially and unsystematically applied without any general control or revision and under the influence of strong political factors they just multiplied the negative development effects. In 2008 the global Economic Crisis, impacted additionally Serbian already instable economy and its shaken social and economic activities. At first the crisis existence was negated, and then the optimistic evaluations predicted that the crisis will not hit Serbia. Crisis was even presented as a good chance for development. Unfortunately the crisis effects were not positive at all. With variable intensity they hit the financial and other existing sectors, and negatively reflected in main economic development indicators. The economic recession in 2012 again stopped the recovery of the market. As the result the investment activities decreased, investment resources and capital decreased too, export development slowed down, inflation raised, unemployment increased, external and internal debt of the country increased, inflation weakened the value of local currency “Dinar”. Other negative effects could be seen in state’s constant need for augmentation of fiscal charges, and decreased motion of bank credit activities. The detailed analysis of the Serbian Business Registers Agency’s data published in June 2013 compared with financial data from 2011 and 2012 reveals chronic inefficiency of Serbian economy (Business Registers Agency, 2013). The public release of the business effectiveness of our economy states that there is no possibility for profit oriented economy in Serbia. 62 P. MITROVIĆ, G. BOSKOVIĆ A clear affirmation of this statement is a big problem of Serbian economy which is incapable of dealing with pilled up business organizations losses from previous period. Other indicators of risks and negative effects on future of Serbian economy and its development are the data on country’s excessive indebtedness. Under the constant increase of accumulated losses, the capital of Serbian enterprises dissolves, in order to solve the problem they take credits. The fact is that the companies do not have their assets or capital that represent the difference between assets and duties. So the financing comes from borrowed resources either interest-bearing ones or suppliers’ investments or foreign country legal entities’ investments. Another characteristic of already mentioned enterprises’ dealings is the constant increase of expenses which are followed by further accumulation of losses that will probably result in bankruptcy. A tendency of cumulative losses increase and unequal division of financial performances are easily notable in Serbian economy. In 2012 the business organizations that ran deficit over the level of capital were in 25.338 of them which is 27,5% of the total number of business organizations (Business Registers Agency, 2013, p. 13).Total number of employed people in these companies is 154.293. Taking all of this into consideration it is clear that in the nearest future a huge number of people will remain without work. (Milicevic, 2013.) There are already too many destroyed enterprises, and too many people who remained without work. In 2010 the industrial production is for 11,4% lower then it was in 1998 during the political and economic sanctions, not to mention the period before the war for example if we compare the period of 2012 and period of 1989 it is lower for 46,7% (38,4%) (Sojic, 2015). The absence of any Government vision in creation of economic policy, the wrong application of models, suggested by International financial institutions whose politics is based on principles of “Washington’s Consensus”, brought Serbia to the edge of collapse .these protagonists performed economic genocide over Serbian economy, country itself and their own population. In his work “Neoliberalism transition and crisis” professor Jovan Dusanic states that the economic doctrine based on Washington Consensus principles is applied especially supporting the interests of world oligarchy and big businesses with strong financial power, creating the possibility to design the politics, media, to direct the politic economy according to their own interests, without being publically criticized by the small and poor countries. In order to realize its own interests the world oligarchy tends to weaken the national security systems, government institutions and country sovereignty. It tries to replace them with international law and its institutions, and in this way destroys the national economic structures so they become dependent on transitional capital and its interests. The realization of its goal is easier if the country is involved in debts, and it supports a chaotic state of the society, degrades the authority of the state and its institutions, corrupts and demoralizes the national elite, forms many non-government organisations (most of them are financed from foreign country resources), degrades directly or indirectly the main national institutions like church, academy of sciences. It uses mass media to shape and control the public opinion and change the national history facts, and public opinion through the mass media. There are already chosen compradors that will in adequate moment take the country’s key positions, using different means they try to gain and keep as long as they can the strategic politic functions. We are also offered ready-made solutions Economic Crisis and Current Problems of Serbian Family 63 and independent economic advisors from foreign countries. The ideology of this policy is radical Neoliberalism.“ (Dušanic, 2013, p. 19). 3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF TRADITIONAL SERBIAN FAMILY DEGRADATION A family is considered a social group or a sub-system of one wider social system (state, community, and nation). Clearly it is a spot where global economic processes and trends are intertwining that put the family in difficult position full of temptations. Modern society and liberal tendencies encourage the need for individual affirmation and ability demonstration. In modern society any person ambition is to have freedom and individuality within family and family relations. It is one of the most important challenges. The important question is how to achieve individual freedom, personal choice and free decision without endangering the position of other family members? Patriarchal and traditional families are directly affected by that individuality, independence, and need for every family member personal respect. Nowadays Serbian families in order to obtain original function and expected roll are faced with numerous difficulties and problems. Unfortunately the results of unaccomplished basic function are: dysfunctional matrimonial relations, growth of social pathology like violence, dehumanisation of family relations, family detached, lonely and insecure individuals. In the concept of any country general economic activities the important roll has labour market with its general state, characteristics and tendencies. Labour market of the republic of Serbia is pointing out high level of unemployment, hidden unemployment and insufficient mobility of manpower. Unemployment is one of the greatest and most severe economic and social problems in Serbia. It is a cause of poverty and social detachment. Poverty affects the family in two ways; firstly due to the poverty they disintegrate quickly and secondly the young can not start their own families in time so they can not fulfil the expected functions like: getting married, giving birth, and giving proper education... As a consequence of modern liberal tendencies arises conclusion that implicates the correlation between already disturbed family relations and social relations. Because of its negative effects father loses his authority, the same thing happens with teacher’s or other expert’s authority. It also affects the state and its institutions’ authority. The family relations analysis, as it is explained by political sociologist Lj. Despotovic, the traditional authority and father’s role in family weakens and dissolves. It makes a vacuum or even a gap in family organisation and its internal harmonious relations. Father’s task since the very beginning was to provide for a child safe and secure environment within family. Raised in healthy family with a strong father’s role of a social and moral norms bearer, the child is slowly introduced to social system with norms. In this way his proper emotional and intellectual development is supported and encouraged. A child needs a father with strong attitudes, with strong moral beliefs, that applies the norms but respects them too serving as an adequate roll model. Anyhow today children have too many rights and they take the positions that do not belong to them. Parents become insecure because the society and state with law obligations take away the current traditional and already established positions. The father’s authority nowadays is pretty shaken or even demolished because the institution of a family where once everybody relies on father is destroyed (Despotovic, 2014). 64 P. MITROVIĆ, G. BOSKOVIĆ The economic reasons also take a great part in it. With economic function loss, job loss, incapability of finding a new job in short period, father loses rolls of protector, husband and pedagogue. In such changed value system a father becomes demoralised and he ceases to be the roll model for his descendants and other family members. Most of them became depressed and a lot of them committed suicide. Some of them became alcohol, drug or even domestic violence addicts.They blamed their own family for their incapability of taking care of already mentioned one. The bigger problem is expansion of violence and aggressive behaviour. Families are endangered both by violence within family and violence from their surrounding. The aggressive behaviour is notable among the spouses, or in relation parents towards children or even in relation children towards parents. High rate of family violence is deeply rooted in frustrations, demoralisation, fear, insecurity, difficulties. These are all brought on individual by society and then the individual consciously or unconsciously transmits them on a family. The conflicts are constantly rising between parents and children concerning individuality, freedom, and obligations or roll that they are supposed to have or expected to prove. Unsatisfied with the situation within family, constant intellectual pressure make them search and find sanctuary in groups that are exact negation of a family. Children and wife represent mirror which reflects man’s failure, and it should be destroyed. In modern society in general and in Serbia too the insufficient tolerance within family, egoism, excessive demands for freedom and individuality, as postulates of liberalism, are the most common causes of increased number of divorces. For example in 2013 in Serbia comparing with data from 2012, marriage and divorce statistics shows that the number of marriages raised for 5%, but number of divorces raised too for 11%. Most of divorced marriages concern married couples with children 55% of them. After the divorce the custody of the dependants or children are usually entrusted to mother (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Marriage and Divorce Statistics in the Republic of Serbia in the year of 2013, public announcement, 30/06/14). The published data of The USA organization that did the research named “Fatherhood factor” show how boys and girls raised in broken families with divorced parents specially the ones without father, have two times more chances to end up in prison, and four times more chance to be in need for professional help for dealing with emotional and behavioural issues. In the USA in families where the father’s authority is marginalised and not important or not present grow up 43% of children; there are even 90% of children that run away from their homes; also 80% of the rapist and people with anger control issues come from such families; 71% of teenage girls that got pregnant are from those families too. The single parent families also bread 75% of adolescents that end up in rehab centres; 70% of juveniles that grew up without father are in correctional institutions and 85% of the young finish in penitentiary (U.S. Fatherless Statistics). The analysis of the population census data from 2011 the total number of population in Serbia was 7.258.753 people (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2012). The analysis warned about other serious problems like: decrease of the total number of population, clearly visible negative natural birth rate, migrations especially migrations of young and highly educated population. The ones that remain at least most of them are with bad health and emotional condition. All of these caused changes in demographic structure. Only in the last few years precisely in the period from 2002 till 2011, the total Economic Crisis and Current Problems of Serbian Family 65 number of citizens in Serbia decreased for 241.237 people which is 3,21% of total number of population. Table 1 Natural movement of the population of Serbia, 2002 - 2013 Y e a r P o p u la ti o n i n m id y e a r B ir th s D e a th s N a tu ra l in c re a se M a rr ia g e s D iv o rc e s B ir th s D e a th s N a tu ra l in c re a se M a rr ia g e s In fa n t d e a th s p e r 1 0 0 0 li v e b ir th s T o ta l In fa n ts per 1000 inhabitants 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 7.500.031 7.440.769 7.411.569 7.381.579 7.350.222 7.320.807 7.291.436 7.258.753 7.199.077 7.164.132 78.101 72.180 70.997 68.102 69.083 70.299 68.304 65.598 67.257 65.554 102.785 106.771 102.884 102.805 102.711 104.000 103.211 102.935 102.400 100.300 790 579 525 484 460 492 460 414 415 413 -24.684 -34.591 -31.887 -34.703 -33.628 -33.701 -34.907 -37.337 -35.143 -34.746 41.947 38.846 39.756 41.083 38.285 36.853 35.815 35.808 34.639 36.209 9.982 7.661 8.204 8.622 8.502 8.472 6.644 8.251 7.372 8.170 10,4 9,7 9,6 9,2 9,4 9,6 9,4 9,0 9,3 9,2 13,7 14,3 13,9 13,9 14,0 14,2 14,2 14,2 14,2 14,0 -3,3 -4,6 -4,3 -4,7 -4,6 -4,6 -4,8 -5,2 -4,9 -4,8 5,6 5,2 5,4 5,6 5,2 5,0 4,9 4,9 4,8 5,0 10,1 8,0 7,4 7,1 6,7 7,0 6,7 6,3 6,2 6,3 Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2014). Statistical Yearbook of Serbia, p. 36 By the vital statistics analysis in 2011 the natural birth rate was -5,2‰. the natural birth rate was 9‰, and the mortality rate was 14,2‰. These results state out that in Serbia in 2011 were born 37.337 babies less then it is necessary for simple reproduction of the population ( Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2014, p. 36). The young do not decide easily to get married and have children. And even if they do decide, they will satisfy only with one child. The decrease of fertility rate is clearly visible if we compare the number of newly born babies and number of women capable of reproduction. Thinking of numerous factors that affect the fertility, we can point out most important ones; like socio-economic, cultural factors, intertwined socio-psychological factors. Yes it is clear that the fertility is a natural phenomenon but it is affected by all of previously mentioned factors. The total number of fertility rate is under the border line of simple reproduction. For the last ten years it decreased from 1,6 to 1,4 babies per woman, which demonstrates that an average household or average Serbian family has 2,86 members. So Serbia per a married couple doesn’t have even one whole child (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2012, p. 25). In Serbia rises a kind of paradox which is evident in number of abortions performed in public, state hospitals which are around 100.000 per year. Not to mention the statistic number of abortions from private hospitals that is unavailable. Anyway it is supposed to be somewhere around 200.000 abortions per year. On the other side there are many married couples that have problem with fertility and are looking for help in order to become parents. 66 P. MITROVIĆ, G. BOSKOVIĆ In period from 2002 to 2011, the total number of population younger from 15 and older from 65 in percentage varied a lot. The percentage of the young (0-14) in 2002 decreased from 16,1% to 15% in 2011 while the percentage of the old (65 and over) rose from 16,6% in 2002 to 16,8% in 2011. The population quota for people from 14 to 64 rose from 67,3% in 2002 to 68,2% in 2011. During the same period the natural birth rate decreased from 10,4‰ to 9‰, meanwhile the number of fertile women decreased form 24,1% to 22,9%. Mortality rate per each 1000 inhabitants rose from 13,7% to 14,2%. The leading causes of death are still cardiovascular and neoplasm diseases concerning both male and female. Neonatal mortality decreased importantly from 10,1 to 6,3 dead babies per 1000 live born babies (Republic Institute for Statistics, 2012, p. 25). In Serbia many young couples do not even want to procreate and have their descendants. They are convinced that first they have to solve housing and any other problem. They run after their carriers, they wish to have economic independence. Young women become much more egoistic, they do not even think of the new life that they should procreate. The average population age in period from 1953 to 2011 increased for 12, 2. An average male and female life span in Serbia is prolonged for almost 2 years (from 69,7 years to 71,6 years concerning male population and from 75 years to 76,8 years concerning female population). Observing the period from 2002 to 2011 we can notice that the participation of population younger than 20 decreased from 22,3% to 20,7% while the participation of population older than 60 rose from 22,7% to 23,7%. During the same period the average population age increased from 40,2 to 41,5 years. The average age of women in Serbia is 42,9 years. It means that the average woman entered in fifth decade of her life. The total number of communities under observation is 145. Even 85 of those municipalities are in the stadium of advanced old demographic age, and in 51 of them is noted the last stadium of ancient demographic age. That means that more than 93% of population there is demographically very old (Development Report, 2010, p. 66). Ageing and migrations seriously endanger the rural areas in Serbia. The number of working age population is decreasing and side by side is decreasing the capability of sustainable managing of natural resources. The extended volume of mostly aged and economically inactive population in Serbia inevitably causes the increase in public consumption especially in areas of health and social insurance and retirement insurance of old individuals. The changes in age structure clearly reflect on the social structure of population because the number of retired people or elderly depending ratio is growing from year to year. In the context of basic economic and demographic characteristics of Serbia we can find the information that for the last half century we have eight times more retired people and we can also find the information that the number of dependants makes a third of the total number of population. If this trend continues by the prognosis of the Republic Bureau of Statistics by the 2041 Serbia will have 5,5 million of inhabitants, which is relative indicator of 1,7 million or 23, 6% of inhabitants less then it is shown in the census records from 2011 and with much more unfavourable age structure (Kupiszewski, et.al. 2012, p. 91). Economic Crisis and Current Problems of Serbian Family 67 Table 2 The average age of the population, aging index and the life expectancy of live births in the Republic of Serbia Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2012). Demography, vital statistics. CONCLUSION The global economic crisis clearly indicates that it is completely necessary to reanalyse the economic patterns and science in general. Modern Neoliberalism through a doctrine became an ideology, based on values of classic liberal capitalism that ignores any national individuality or characteristic, social responsibility, ethic norms and moral principles. Such society organisation system where profit, capital and market are the most important and self-sufficient goals and man with once specified position in society that provided him self respect and security now is brutally degraded and treated as object, as product. The sense of injustice, poverty, social detachment, humiliation, being a cast off with no perspective, treated like product input, insecure and chronically frightened had a deep impact on people’s psychological stability and direct destruction of traditional family. Neoliberal globalisation begins with destruction of the family and ends with destruction of complete sovereign country leaving the space for world oligarchy and transnational companies to control and use limited resources of the country like: raw materials, oil, fresh water, cultivated terrains, experts and highly educated personnel, neutral media services. The negative results of applied “transition” strategy, reflected in application of neoliberal economic model, are legal product of contradictions of any capitalistic production manner directed to profit gaining and unpaid work accumulation. That is one of the main reasons of contemporary dramatic situation in Serbian economy and even demographic situation. In order to minimise the development potential risks and biologic survival risks in Serbia we suggest and indicate the necessity of new economic model introduction. Year The average age of the population Ageing index Life Expectancy Total Male Female Total Male Female Men Children Women Children 1953 29.4 28.4 29.9 24.1 19.7 8.4 58.7 60.4 1961 30.5 29.6 31.4 28.7 24.4 33.3 62.4 64.9 1971 32.4 31.5 33.3 37.9 33.7 42.3 66.2 70.0 1981 33.7 32.8 34.6 39.7 34.3 45.4 67.8 72.6 1991 34.9 33.9 36.0 51.5 43.9 59.5 68.8 74.4 2002 40.2 39.0 41.5 99.1 84.2 114.8 69.7 75.0 2003 40.3 39.0 41.5 99.5 84.4 115.3 69.9 75.1 2004 40.4 39.1 41.7 100.4 84.9 116.6 69.9 75.4 2005 40.6 39.3 41.8 100.6 84.9 117.2 69.9 75.4 2006 40.7 39.4 42.0 101.4 85.4 118.2 70.6 75.9 2007 40.9 39.6 42.2 103.2 86.9 120.3 70.7 76.2 2008 41.1 39.7 42.4 105.9 89.3 123.4 71.1 76.3 2009 41.2 39.9 42.5 108.6 91.7 126.4 71.1 76.4 2010 41.4 40.0 42.7 111.4 94.2 129.6 71.4 76.6 2011 41.6 40.2 42.9 114.3 96.8 132.9 71.6 76.8 68 P. MITROVIĆ, G. BOSKOVIĆ Serbian modern society “a society of the irresponsible ones” in order to survive has to remember that man and his wellbeing are to be in the focus of economic activity, life promotion, giving birth, creation of healthy patriotism, unselfish love, primal freedom, individual’s valuable creativity. Above everything The Serbs must remember to respect and praise The Holy Orthodox Church and original moral and traditional values. REFERENCES Bek, U., (2001). Rizično društvo [Risky Society]. Beograd: Filip Višnjić. Business Registers Agency (2013). Statement on the operations of the economy in the Republic of Serbia in 2012, comparative data from financial statements for 2011 and 2012, Belgrade. Caldwell, J C., Caldwell, P. & McDonald, P. (2002). Policy responses to low fertility and its consequences: A Global survey. Journal of Population Research, 19 (1), 1–24. Despotović, Lj., (2014). 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Gubici iznad visine kapitala privrede Srbije [Losses Above Equity of the Serbian Economy]. Makroekonomija, http://www.makroekonomija.org/0-dragovan-milicevic/gubici-iznad-visine- kapitala-privrede-srbije/, Accessed on: 17 November 2016. Republic Institute for Statistics, Statistical Yearbook of Serbia 2012, Belgrade. Centar za naučno istraživački rad SANU i Univerzitet u Nišu, (2012). Stanovništvo jugoistočne Srbije: Uticaj demografskih promena u jugoistočnoj Srbiji na društveni razvoj i bezbednost [The Population of Southeast Serbia: The Impact of Demographic Change in Southeastern Serbia on Social Development and Security]. Beograd – Niš. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia - Demography, vital statistics, (2012). Belgrade, Public announcement No 184 - LXII 29/06/2012 (Republički zavod za statistiku Republike Srbije, Statistika stanovništva, Saopštenje broj 184 – god. LXII 29.06.2012. godine) Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2013). 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U.S. Fatherless Statistics, http://fatherhoodfactor.com/us-fatherless-statistics/ Accessed on: 10 November 2016. UNDP. (2013). The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World Serbia HDI values and rank changes in the 2013. Human Development Report. http://www.makroekonomija.org/0-dragovan-milicevic/gubici-iznad-visine-kapitala-privrede-srbije/ http://www.makroekonomija.org/0-dragovan-milicevic/gubici-iznad-visine-kapitala-privrede-srbije/ http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=1272264 http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=1272264 http://fatherhoodfactor.com/us-fatherless-statistics/ Economic Crisis and Current Problems of Serbian Family 69 EKONOMSKA KRIZA I AKTUELNI PROBLEMI SRPSKE PORODICE Savremeno društvo i svetska privreda nalaze se u dubokim protivrečnostima postojećih procesa i odnosa, u velikim društvenim nejednakostima, sa neravnopravnim i nejednakim šansama za društveno-ekonomski razvoj, u izraženim sukobima različitih konfliktnih grupa i interesa. Nejednakim rasporedom prirodnog bogatstva, ekonomske i političke moći, radikalizovan je problem privrednog rasta i razvoja, pre svega manjih zemalja i zemalja u razvoju. Kriza je, danas, u Srbiji vidljiva bezmalo u svakom segmentu društvenog života. Nezaposlenost raste, baš kao i kriminal,korupcija i razni vidovi društvene patologije. Nasilje je sve izraženije i opasnije, a širenjem osećaja besperspektivnosti, mnogobrojni vidovi bolesti zavisnosti sve su učestaliji. Obrazovanje je sve skuplje i nedostupnije, a šanse za zaposlenje i društveni uspeh obrnuto proporcionalni stečenom znanju. Iz godine u godinu natalitet opada. Broj onih koji napuštaju Srbiju je sve veći. Koreni izrazito loše ekonomske situacije u Srbiji ne nalaze se samo u nasleđenim sistemskim problemima, raspadu SFRJ i njenog tržišta, sankcijama, agresiji i razaranju privrednih i infrastrukturnih objekata od strane NATO pakta, već ponajviše i prevashodno u prihvatanju i bezpogovornom sprovođenju, po Srbiju, pogubne ekonomske doktrine, uobličene u konceptu neoliberalnog modela ekonomske politike. U radu, autori, s ciljem minimiziranja potencijalnih razvojnih rizika i rizika biološkog opstanka stanovništva Srbije u budućnosti, iznose stav da neoliberalna globalizacija počinje s rušenjem porodice, a završava sa rušenjem nacionalnih država. Tu trdnju potvrdjuju aktuelna demografska i razvojna kretanja u Srbiji. Ključne reči: ekonomska kriza, neoliberalna globalizacija, država, porodica, Srbija.