id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
fueconorg-7277	Cristea, Mirela; Noja, Graţiela Georgiana; Thalassinos, Yannis	POPULATION AGEING AND WELFARE DISSIMILARITIES WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION: A NEW APPROACH BASED ON CLUSTER ANALYSIS	2021	11	.pdf	application/pdf	4597	174	46	By reviewing the relevant underpinnings of the literature related to our own research subject, we have grouped the data into three categories of indicators, namely: welfare variable, ageing credentials and labour market specific indicators, as follows: (i) Welfare indicator: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (GDP_C) (measured in constant 2010 United States Dollars – USD), for which the data were extracted from the World Development Indicators (WDI) (The World Bank, 2020); (ii) Ageing representative indicators: Old age dependency ratio (OD_65) as share of population over 65 years aged to active population (15-64 years) (%); Life expectancy at birth total population (LE) (years); Crude birth rate (BR) (measured in “number of live births per 1,000 persons”), with data extracted from the Eurostat (European Commission, 2020a); (iii) Labour market specific indicators: Employment rate, 55-64 years aged group or workforce ageing (ER_55_64) (% of total population), data extracted from the Eurostat (European Commission, 2020a); Active labour market policies (ALMP) (% of GDP) and Passive labour market policies (PLMP) (% of GDP), with data extracted from the Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion (European Commission, 2020b). The Population Ageing And Welfare Dissimilarities Within The European Union 23 lowest participation of labour market policies in GDP is in Romania and Cyprus (Fig. 4(b)), considering ALMP, and Malta and Romania (Fig. 4(c)), as regards PLMP.	cache/fueconorg-7277.pdf	txt/fueconorg-7277.txt