id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
fuelectenerg-11680	Popović, Ljubivoje M.	DETERMINING THE ACTUAL REDUCTION FACTOR OF DISTRIBUTION CABLE LINES WITH APPLIED CROSS-BONDING	2023	16	.pdf	application/pdf	7157	277	48	However, these components of currents It and I1 are negligibly small in practical conditions because of the following facts: ▪ current Ie is only a few percent of It because of strong inductive coupling between the phase conductor with current It on the one side and the additional phase conductor including all surrounding metal installations and cable line sheaths on the other side, and ▪ lengths of cable lines in HV distribution networks, L, is so large that almost always satisfies the following inequality: LZZZ phBA  (14) If – ground-fault current component coming from substation A, In – ground-fault current fraction circulating through the line neutral conductors, Ii – ground-fault current fraction induced in the surrounding metal installations (Fig. 3) and current induced in the surrounding metal installations including cable line sheaths (Fig. 5), Ie – ground-fault current fraction dissipated through the grounding system of substation B into the surrounding earth, d – the distance between two adjacent single-core cables (m), Zsh – self-impedances of the cable sheath, rsh – mean radius of the cable sheath (m), Ua – auxiliary voltage source, Un0, Un1, Un2, …, UnN – voltages induced in an arbitrary (nth) metal installation by the current in each of the surrounding electrical conductors including metal installations, It – simulated ground-fault current through one of the phase conductors of the considered line, I1 – current through the sheath of the single-core cable carrying test current It (Fig. 3) and current induced in the additional phase conductor (Fig. 4 and 5) I2, I3 – currents induced in the sheaths of the other two single-core cables, I4, I5, …, In, …, IN – currents induced in the individual surrounding metal installations (Fig. 3), Zph – self-impedance of the phase conductor, Z4, Z5, Z6, …, ZN – self-impedances of the individual surrounding metal installations, Determining the Actual Reduction Factor of Distribution Cable Lines with Applied Cross-Bonding 463 N – an arbitrarily large number representing the total number of surrounding metal installations enlarged by the number of the sheaths of the considered cable line, R′n – longitudinal resistance of an arbitrary, nth, surrounding metal installation (Ω/km), rn – mean radius of an arbitrary, nth, surrounding metal installation (m), dnm – the distance between two arbitrary, nth and mth, surrounding metal installations (m), ωt – angular test frequency: 2 t, µ0 – magnetic permeability of vacuum: 4π∙10–7 Vs/Am, µr – relative magnetic permeability of the metal that is used for the installation production, δt – equivalent earth penetration depth (m), ρ – equivalent soil resistivity along and around the considered cable line (Ωm), ft – test circuit frequency, I2, I3, and I4 (Fig. 4) – currents through the individual cable line sheaths, A – ampere-meter, U01 (Ueq1) – voltages that current I0 (Ii) induces in the phase conductor with current It, U10 (U1eq) – voltage that current It (Ii) induces in the additional phase conductor with I0, Ueq0 (Ueq1) – voltages that current It (I0) induces in the equivalent sheath, Z′eq – self-impedance of the introduced equivalent sheath (Ω/km), R'eq – longitudinal resistance of the equivalent sheath (Ω/km), and req – mean radius of the imagined cylinder representing the equivalent sheath (m).	cache/fuelectenerg-11680.pdf	txt/fuelectenerg-11680.txt