[{"id": "fpq-10230", "words": "11098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "McMullen, Amanda", "title": "What Am I, a Piece of Meat? Synecdochical Utterances Targeting Women", "date": "2021", "keywords": "act; bodily; content; female; hearer; meat; perspective; piece; speaker; subject; sutw; term; utterance; way; women", "summary": "I propound a theory of what SUTW speakers do in undertaking an SUTW on which the SUTW speaker prompts the hearer to engage in a certain derogatory pattern of associational thinking\u2014that is, taking a \u201cperspective\u201d in Elisabeth Camp\u2019s sense\u2014on the female subject. Apart from constituting a genuinely synecdochical utterance, there is another condition for an utterance to be an SUTW: (b) a constraint on the type of bodily part.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10609", "words": "11281", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Heck, Richard Kimberly", "title": "How Not to Watch Feminist Pornography", "date": "2021", "keywords": "alex; feminist; films; heck; like; lust; maes; mainstream; nicole; paulo; pornography; scene; scholarship@western; sex; taormino; whisnant; women", "summary": "Mainstream pornography, by contrast, presents facials as something that women either crave or don\u2019t yet know that they crave.34 It is at least arguable that such pornography contributes to women\u2019s (sexual) subordination by encouraging men to feel entitled to have women perform this act for them. Keywords: pornography, feminist pornography, feminism, subordination, sexuality One might reasonably have expected the philosophical literature on pornography to contain significant discussion of actual pornography.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10646", "words": "10599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Stockdale, Katie", "title": "Hope, Solidarity, and Justice", "date": "2021", "keywords": "collective; emotions; feminist; group; hope; justice; movement; outcome; philosophy; possibility; sense; solidarity; stockdale", "summary": "Abstract This article defends an account of collective hope that arises through solidarity in the pursuit of justice. In the context of social movements, collective hope emerges alongside the collective intentions and actions of the solidarity group; namely, in the pursuit of a form of social justice that inspires the movement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10726", "words": "17202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ivy, Veronica", "title": "If \u201cIfs\u201d and \u201cButs\u201d Were Candy and Nuts: The Failure of Arguments Against Trans and Intersex Women's Full and Equal Inclusion in Women's Sport", "date": "2021", "keywords": "advantage; arguments; athletes; categories; category; elite; female; gender; human; inclusion; intersex women; ivy; right; sailors; scholarship@western; sport; trans women; transgender; women; women athletes; world", "summary": "But much more importantly, we have good evidence that there is no such all-purpose competitive advantage due to the utter absence of trans women athletes at the Olympics and other elite level sport.48 They tend to focus exclusively on gender is often only deployed as a reason to exclude trans women from \u201cfemale\u201d rights and spaces.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10836", "words": "16513", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Atherton, Emma", "title": "Moralizing Hunger: Cultural Fatphobia and the Moral Language of Contemporary Diet Culture", "date": "2021", "keywords": "abjection; bodies; body; communities; culture; diet; eating; fat; fatness; fatphobia; fitspo; food; hunger; moralizing; people; self; thinness; thinspo; wellness; women", "summary": "I argue that within the broader social context these moralized vocabularies also function to reproduce fatphobia\u2014a form of bodily normativity that identifies thinness with dignity, normalcy, desirability, and worthiness, and casts fat bodies as undignified, disgusting, socially threatening, and abject. While fatness has been seen as a marker of prestige, prosperity, wealth, fertility, and authority in previous historical eras and in regions of the world characterized by food scarcity, the contemporary United States casts fat bodies as markers of gluttonous lack of self-control, selfishness, burdensomeness, poverty, and greed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10838", "words": "14065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Dean, Megan A.", "title": "Eating as a Self-Shaping Activity: The Case of Young Women\u2019s Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders", "date": "2021", "keywords": "activity; agency; dean; dieting; disorders; eating; effects; feminist; food; girls; hypothesis; journal; loss; philosophy; risk; scholarship@western; self; shaping; values; vegetarianism; way; weight; women", "summary": "Eating disorders are associated with some of the \u201chighest levels of medical and social disability of any psychiatric disorder\u201d (Klump et al. 2009, 100), and can be lethal; anorexia nervosa in particular has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder (Klump et al. 2009, 100; Smink, van Hoeken, and Hoek 2012, 411). Some authors emphasize the importance of interrogating girls\u2019 and young women\u2019s motivations for vegetarianism in light of the finding that being motivated by weight loss seems to increase the likelihood of disordered eating or eating disorders: for example, \u201cWhen an adolescent begins a vegetarian diet or expresses interest in making this dietary choice, a close examination of his or her general eating attitude is warranted\u201d (Bardone-Cone et al. 2012, 1250\u201351), and Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 2021, Vol. 7, Iss. 3, Article 2 Published by Scholarship@Western, 2021 6 \u201cWhen guiding adolescent and young adult vegetarians in proper nutrition and meal planning, it may also be important to investigate an individual\u2019s motives for choosing a vegetarian diet\u201d (Robinson-O\u2019Brien et al. 2009, 655).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10839", "words": "13420", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Dryden, Jane", "title": "Food Choices and Gut Issues", "date": "2021", "keywords": "article; autonomy; choices; disability; dryden; eating; ethics; feminist; food; food choices; gut; gut issues; health; issues; people; philosophy; relational; scholarship@western; university; work", "summary": "Still, even in these cases, the experience of food constraints and the pressures around food choices is shaped by context. Similarly, with regard to gut issues, while the biomedical condition plays a role, the experience of making food choices is highly affected by social, relational, and environmental factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10846", "words": "10244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Hey, Maya", "title": "Attunement and Multispecies Communication in Fermentation", "date": "2021", "keywords": "attunement; bodies; body; brewers; communication; feminist; fermentation; food; human; microbes; multispecies; practices; response; rice; sense; song; work", "summary": "As such, brewers need to attune to microbial life with the unaided eye, calling upon other senses and the perceptions of other brewers to ascertain the fermentation processes in progress. Because fermentation mediates the relations across human bodies, microbial bodies, and a shared environment, its hands-on praxis provides a way of engaging with the microbes that we cannot easily see or sense.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10850", "words": "11234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Shotwell, Alexis", "title": "Flourishing Is Mutual: Relational Ontologies, Mutual Aid, and Eating", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aid; care; choices; eating; flourishing; food; individual; living; making; ontologies; ontology; people; practices; relations; scholarship@western; settlers; substance; water; way; world", "summary": "So, we see regressive people deeply committed to healthism, individualism, and eugenics disavowing their disabilities through promoting eating practices that are in fact supports for living disabled lives. So my thinking about settler food practices is helped by thinking with people like Robinson about what it would mean to be a settler in better relation with histories of Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki and Mi\u2019kmaq peoples, even as I now live in unceded Algonquin land.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-10905", "words": "11448", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kapusta, Stephanie", "title": "Mary Daly\u2019s Philosophy: Some Bergsonian Themes", "date": "2021", "keywords": "article; beauvoir; bergson; daly; duration; experience; feminist; intuition; life; mary; mary daly; new; philosophy; press; scholarship@western; self; time; university; women", "summary": "Keywords: Mary Daly, Henri Bergson, radical feminism, intuition, time, memory, self, patriarchy, process philosophy, metaphor Introduction: The Works of Mary Daly and Their Sources The thought of pioneering radical feminist Mary Daly has been discussed principally within feminist theology, feminist studies in religion, and feminist spirituality (Monagle 2019; Wood 2015; Hunt 2014; Plaskow 2012), or more generally in relation to Daly\u2019s historical role within feminist thought (Telling 2012). Daly\u2019s phrase from Beyond God the Father (Daly 1985b, 190) that liberation from patriarchy requires \u201ca kick in the imagination, a wrenching of tired words\u201d and that Kapusta \u2013 Mary Daly\u2019s Philosophy: Some Bergsonian Themes Published by Scholarship@Western, 2021 19 It is in Pure Lust that Daly provides a methodological rationale for the use of metaphor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13518", "words": "13579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "George, B. R. ; Goguen, Stacey", "title": "Hermeneutical Backlash: Trans Youth Panics as Epistemic Injustice", "date": "2021", "keywords": "2020; backlash; bechdel; dysphoria; epistemic; feminist; gay; gender; health; injustice; liberation; movements; new; onset; panics; people; resources; scholarship@western; self; trans; trans youth; women; youth", "summary": "Certain kinds of hermeneutical liberation have their moment or tipping point: as new hermeneutical resources spread, their increasing availability leads to a rapid increase (an \u201cepidemic\u201d in the backlash\u2019s pathologizing language) in the number of personal hermeneutical breakthroughs (or a shift in who is experiencing these breakthroughs), which is the expected and desired result. In this paper, we have used the case study of trans youth panics to highlight some common backlash vulnerabilities of hermeneutical liberation movements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13623", "words": "11614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Klieber, Anna", "title": "On the Epistemology of Trigger Warnings: Or, why the Coddling Argument against Trigger Warnings is Misguided", "date": "2021", "keywords": "education; epistemology; feminist; haidt; knowledge; lukianoff; need; people; scholarship@western; social; students; things; trauma; trigger warnings; vices", "summary": "For example, the report On Trigger Warnings, drafted by the American Association of University Professors (2014, 1) argues that trigger warnings pose a \u201cthreat to academic freedom in the classroom.\u201d Making Sense of Arguments against Trigger Warnings as Epistemic Arguments Lukianoff and Haidt (2015, 2018) argue that trigger warnings are bad not only because they undermine free speech but also because they encourage hyperfragility, emotional reasoning, hiding, and looking away from contents one finds difficult or disagrees with\u2014according to them, they stand in the way of the educational pursuit of knowledge.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13639", "words": "8117", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Lee, J. Y.", "title": "Normative competence, autonomy, and oppression", "date": "2022", "keywords": "agents; autonomy; competence; feminist; oppression; stoljar; view", "summary": "One way to flesh this out might be in terms of the costliness involved for either party when it comes to conforming to or rejecting gendered social norms, which implicates what the agents are able or unable to do in their lives. While Jenkins\u2019s discussion of ontic injustice does not directly reference autonomy, it is clear that it implicates individual agency, given the connection between being a member of a certain social kind and the attendant constraints and enablements that attach to certain social kinds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13641", "words": "7391", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Edidin, Aron", "title": "Epistemic Agency and the Value of Knowledge and Belief", "date": "2022", "keywords": "agency; belief; credit; exercise; feminist; information; knowledge; value; way", "summary": "If the value of knowing is the value of exercising epistemic agency, then given the way human agency and human epistemic agency work, that\u2019s going to be the value of participating in appropriate ways in social practices and structures and systems surrounding the acquisition, propagation, and mobilization of true beliefs. In the first place, the credit-worthiness approach to the value of knowledge locates that value in the broad domain of epistemic agency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13713", "words": "7731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Bayruns Garc\u00eda, Eric", "title": "Racial Injustice and Information Flow", "date": "2021", "keywords": "community; distribution; flow; group; information; information flow; injustice; marisol; members; philosophy; prejudice; subjects", "summary": "On Greco\u2019s view, epistemic communities have norms that regulate both information acquisition and information distribution such that its members reliably receive information that is relevant to accomplishing its practical task or tasks. Greco calls this the norm of information distribution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13959", "words": "10741", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Rea, Michael", "title": "Gender as a Self-Conferred Identity", "date": "2022", "keywords": "account; attributes; gender; gender identity; identities; identity; person; representation; sci; self; view", "summary": "But here I want to work with two different notions of identity, one of which is prevalent in the philosophical literature on narrative identity and in the psychological literature on identity and identity development, and the other of acknowledges that the norm-relevancy account of gender identity developed in her work (Jenkins 2016, 2018) accords only ethical first-person authority to gender judgments. According to Jenkins, the self-identification account fails with respect to two of what she takes to be the six desiderata that must be satisfied by any adequate account of gender identity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-13967", "words": "11186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Holroyd, Jules", "title": "Oppressive Praise", "date": "2021", "keywords": "blame; esteem; expectations; feminist; holroyd; people; philosophy; practices; praise; problem; responsibility; scholarship@western; stereotypes; white; women", "summary": "One might think that praise is not a finite resource\u2014in principle, we could just generate more praise to go around. This makes it appropriate to think of appraisals in these domains as continuous with moral praise.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14191", "words": "13677", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Lin, Ting-An; Chen, Po-Hsuan Cameron", "title": "Artificial Intelligence in a Structurally Unjust Society", "date": "2022", "keywords": "ai bias; ai systems; algorithm; bias; care; chen; data; development; example; fairness; groups; health; injustice; intelligence; people; philosophy; problem; process; responsibility; scholarship@western; structure; systems; use", "summary": "Using AI in health care as a case study, we argue that AI bias is a form of structural injustice that exists when AI systems interact with other social factors to exacerbate existing social inequalities, making some groups of people more vulnerable to undeserved burdens while conferring unearned benefits to others. In other words, this paper aims to conduct what Sally Haslanger (2000) calls an ameliorative project for the notions of AI bias and AI fairness by asking how these concepts should be used to better serve the purposes of using them.2 We suggest understanding AI bias as a form of structural injustice that exists when AI systems interact with other social factors to exacerbate existing social inequalities, making some groups of people more vulnerable to undeserved burdens 2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14239", "words": "11251", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Anderson, Ellie", "title": "A Phenomenological Approach to Sexual Consent", "date": "2022", "keywords": "account; approach; body; consent; ethics; experience; feminist; giving; intentionality; merleau; perception; permission; phenomenology; ponty; sex", "summary": "Kukla (2021) has recently developed a nonideal theory of sexual consent arguing that consent comes in degrees, while Manon Garcia (2021) takes consent to be a conversation. Philosophical literature on sexual consent takes consent to transform an otherwise impermissible action into a permissible one: consent transforms rape into intercourse by giving someone permission to take what is rightfully one\u2019s own\u2014namely, one\u2019s own body (Hurd 1996, 123; McGregor 2005, 115).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14264", "words": "10028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Falbo, Arianna; LaCroix, Travis", "title": "Est-ce que Vous Compute? Code-Switching, Cultural Identity, and AI", "date": "2022", "keywords": "autism; code; cultural; data; example; falbo; identity; intelligence; lacroix; language; learning; machine; models; nlp; philosophy; research; scholarship@western; smothering; switching; systems; technologies", "summary": "We have highlighted one important way these technologies can potentially be sites for epistemic oppression: by imposing imperfect choice situations or double binds onto nondominant social groups. AI/NLP research on code-switching typically concentrates on the morphosyntactic features of 1 The term \u201ccode-switching\u201d (sometimes referred to as code-mixing, codeshifting, language alternation, language mixture, or language switching) appears in the 1950s; however, observations of these linguistic phenomena in academic writing predate this baptism by several decades; see Benson (2001) for an historical discussion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14273", "words": "11171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Park, Shelley M", "title": "Uncomfortably Close to Human: Robots and the Neocolonial Politics of Care", "date": "2022", "keywords": "anita; article; care; feminist; human; jibo; joe; mori; new; park; past; philosophy; politics; press; problem; robots; sally; scholarship@western; sense; synth; technology; valley", "summary": "We are living in the so-called age of robots; more specifically, we are living in an era of social robots. The largest share of this growth is in social robots\u2014personal robots that rely on machine learning (AI) to respond to human desires and that are designed to elicit an emotional connection with humans.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14275", "words": "10705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Kassam, Alysha; Marino, Patricia", "title": "Algorithmic Racial Discrimination: A Social Impact Approach", "date": "2022", "keywords": "algorithm; approach; context; data; discrimination; effects; fairness; groups; impact; parity; people; proxy; racism; scholarship@western; theories; use", "summary": "Our contribution thus offers a new understanding of what algorithmic racial discrimination is. But we argue that, from the structural point of view, framing the problem of algorithmic racial discrimination as a lack of parity is insufficient: algorithms should be evaluated with respect to their broader social impact and whether their use exacerbates or mitigates racial stratification.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14276", "words": "14158", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "McClure, Emma; Wald, Benjamin", "title": "Algorithmic Microaggressions", "date": "2022", "keywords": "algorithms; autocomplete; bias; black; content; data; examples; google; groups; learning; machine; mcclure; members; microaggressions; new; people; philosophy; pierce; responsibility; results; scholarship@western; search; training; wald", "summary": "We theorize two kinds of algorithmic microaggression, stereotyping and erasure microaggressions, and argue that corporations are responsible for the microaggressions their algorithms create. We\u2019ll argue that virtual environments can also be chilly climates: algorithmic microaggressions communicate that online spaces were not built for members of marginalized groups, that they do not belong in these spaces.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14291", "words": "11925", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Stewart, Heather; Cichocki, Emily; McLeod, Carolyn", "title": "A Perfect Storm for Epistemic Injustice: Algorithmic Targeting and Sorting on Social Media", "date": "2022", "keywords": "algorithms; content; example; facebook; feminist; groups; injustice; media; new; people; philosophy; scholarship@western; sorting; speech; stewart; storm; targeting; users", "summary": "Although our focus is generally on understanding algorithmic injustice or oppression better, and more specifically how algorithmically driven social media platforms can worsen unjust social and epistemic conditions, we acknowledge that social media can (and often does) serve a valuable role in solidaristic efforts at resisting social injustice and creating positive social change (Stephen 2015; Tufekci 3 We are grateful to audiences at the CEPE/IACAP Joint Conference on the Philosophy and Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, hosted by the University of Hamburg, as well as the Feminism, Social Justice, and AI Workshop, hosted by the University of Waterloo. We are interested in understanding how algorithmic processes on social media increase social injustice and oppression in our interpersonal lives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14292", "words": "12976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Deery, Ois\u00edn; Bailey, Katherine", "title": "The Bias Dilemma: The Ethics of Algorithmic Bias in Natural-Language Processing", "date": "2022", "keywords": "accuracy; bias; biases; correctness; data; debiasing; dilemma; example; language; models; nlp; normative; people; scholarship@western; systems; use; word", "summary": "In brief, even if we could eliminate bias from language models or their outputs, we would thereby often withhold descriptively or ethically useful information, despite avoiding perpetuating or amplifying bias. We must ask whether (1) it is practically speaking possible to debias language models and (2) whether we should do so, if possible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14294", "words": "13309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Elder, Alexis", "title": "Siri, Stereotypes, and the Mechanics of Sexism", "date": "2022", "keywords": "abuse; alexa; assistants; devices; etiquette; feminist; gender; gendered; norms; people; philosophy; robots; scholarship@western; sexism; siri; stereotypes; users; voice; ways", "summary": "In current surveillance-capitalist implementations of AI voice assistants, there is ambiguity about how voice recordings and related metadata are stored and used (Ng 2019). Elder \u2013 Siri, Stereotypes, and the Mechanics of Sexism Published by Scholarship@Western, 2022 5 To get a handle on the many issues involved, I begin by surveying some general-audience essays that are useful for identifying intuitive concerns about gendered virtual assistants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14295", "words": "12522", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Barnes, Michael Randall", "title": "Online Extremism, AI, and (Human) Content Moderation", "date": "2022", "keywords": "algorithms; companies; content; content moderation; extremism; facebook; harms; human; media; moderation; moderators; new; platforms; problem; scholarship@western; systems; tech; users; work; youtube", "summary": "As Perrigo (2022) notes, \u201cMany Facebook content moderators employed by the outsourcing firm Accenture are now asked to sign a waiver before they begin their jobs, acknowledging that they may develop PTSD and other mental health disorders.\u201d As Tarleton Gillespie (2020, 1) puts it, \u201cAs social media platforms have grown, so has the problem of moderating them.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14296", "words": "10014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Henning, Tempest M.", "title": "Don\u2019t Just \"Google It\": Argumentation and Racist Search Engines", "date": "2022", "keywords": "argumentation; arguments; black; engines; evidence; exploitation; google; individuals; interlocutor; oppression; philosophy; racist; scholarship@western; search; white", "summary": "Falling under the taxonomy of epistemic oppression, epistemic exploitation can be difficult to pinpoint due to its subtlety as well as its pervasiveness. This mode of epistemic oppression can occur in blog/article comment sections, tweets, Facebook comments, the office breakroom, family gatherings, or even grocery store checkout lines.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14303", "words": "9931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Amy McKiernan", "title": "Blaming from Inside the Birdcage: Strawsonian Accounts of Blame and Feminist Care Ethics", "date": "2022", "keywords": "attitudes; blame; blaming; care; ethics; feminist; oppression; practices; resentment; scholarship@western; strawson", "summary": "Keywords: moral blame, Strawson, reactive attitudes, feminist care ethics, oppression In Blame: Its Nature and Norms, D. Justin Coates and Neal Tognazzini deem \u201cFreedom and Resentment,\u201d by P. F. Strawson, \u201cthe founding document of contemporary work on blame\u201d (2013, 5). Her research interests include moral blame, feminist care ethics, and topics in practical ethics, biomedical ethics, and philosophy of emotion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14313", "words": "10590", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Keyes, Os; Creel, Kathleen", "title": "Artificial Knowing Otherwise", "date": "2022", "keywords": "adam; article; creel; cyc; data; feminist; human; keyes; knowing; knowledge; learning; machine; machine learning; model; new; philosophy; privacy; scholarship@western; search; systems; trust; university; work; world", "summary": "Machine learning systems alone, while not agnostic, can be adapted to diverse purposes. Although the particular \u201cpolitical orders\u201d resulting from the incorporation of machine learning systems into political life are new (Amoore 2022), feminist concerns with the epistemology of machine learning are not.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14347", "words": "12336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Huang, Linus Ta-Lun; Chen, Hsiang-Yun; Lin, Ying-Tung; Huang, Tsung-Ren; Hung, Tzu-Wei", "title": "Ameliorating Algorithmic Bias, or Why Explainable AI Needs Feminist Philosophy", "date": "2022", "keywords": "2020; assumptions; bias; biases; epistemic; features; feminist; gender; huang; knowledge; model; philosophy; race; resources; scholarship@western; science; shap; social; system; values; xai", "summary": "First, different XAI models provide different explanations. Due to different simplifying assumptions, different XAI models will provide different explanations, which latch on to different causal patterns of the same system in different ways.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14348", "words": "9459", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Moser, Shelby; Xhignesse, Michel-Antoine", "title": "A Garden of One's Own: or Why Are There No Great Lady Detectives?", "date": "2023", "keywords": "art; assumption; detectives; garden; genius; genre; lady; lady detectives; mysteries; properties; reality; standard; stories; story; women; world", "summary": "Cozy mysteries\u2014and lady detective stories in particular\u2014remain in thrall to the kinds of properties which became standard when the subgenre first coalesced in the twentieth century\u2014a time when gender norms significantly restricted women\u2019s flourishing. Introduction There is no shortage of lady detectives in English-language television series.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14386", "words": "13285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Pearlman, Savannah; Williams, Elizabeth", "title": "Why You Ought to Defer: : Moral Deference and Marginalized Experience", "date": "2022", "keywords": "act; assurance; cases; defer; deference; epistemic; good; group; person; reason; receiver; testifier; testimony; trust", "summary": "We distinguish between two types of deference: epistemic deference, which refers to believing p in virtue of trusting the testifier, and actional deference, which involves acting appropriately in response to the testimony given. In this paper, we set aside the traditional puzzle of moral deference, which focuses on explaining (or denying) an asymmetry between the straightforward acceptability of nonmoral deference and the controversial nature of moral deference.3 Instead, we focus on a subset of moral deference, which we take to be not only permissible but prima facie obligatory in cases in which the testifier is a member of a marginalized social group that the receiver is not and testifies about their marginalized experience.4 Deference is justified in these cases in part because marginalized people have more relevant nonmoral information with regard to moral claims about their own experience as a member of that marginalized group as compared to their nonmarginalized counterparts.5 We argue that there are two distinct varieties of deference: epistemic and actional.6 At its broadest level, epistemic deference refers to believing p in virtue of 3 For discussion of this puzzle, see McGrath (2009, 2011), Hills (2009), Sliwa (2012), Enoch (2014), Howell (2014), Davia and Palmira (2015), Callahan (2018), and Lewis (2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14490", "words": "10477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "King, Caroline", "title": "Spaces for Becomings? : Heterotopic Fictions in Preciado\u2019s Testo yonqui", "date": "2023", "keywords": "article; becomings; body; book; fictions; foucault; gender; genre; heterotopias; preciado; que; reality; scholarship@western; self; spaces; testo; testosterone; theory; yonqui", "summary": "Facilitated by testosterone, this second turn denotes the start of B. P.\u2019s transformation into a 1 Throughout the paper, I will be using he/his pronouns when referring to both Preciado and Testo yonqui\u2019s narrator, B. P. (Beatriz Preciado). \u201cTalking Revolution with Paul B. Preciado.\u201d Interviewed by GucciFest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14514", "words": "9258", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Weigel, Chris", "title": "Supererogatory Duties and Caregiver Heroic Testimony", "date": "2023", "keywords": "account; actions; caregivers; caregiving; dorsey; duties; duty; family; heroes; heroism; nurses; people; sacrifice; supererogation; supererogatory; testimony", "summary": "Understanding supererogatory moral duty and compulsory heroism demonstrates that for caregivers, something needs to change. (We shall see that the standard account of supererogation would say that these actions cannot be supererogatory because they are moral duties, but that Dorsey\u2019s account can say they are supererogatory.)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14565", "words": "11750", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Fakhoury, Tamara", "title": "Violent Resistance as Radical Choice", "date": "2023", "keywords": "cases; choice; eltahawy; fakhoury; form; morality; oppression; philosophy; reasons; resistance; scholarship@western; self; violence; wolf", "summary": "Keywords: resistance, oppression, violence, nonviolence, radical choice, partiality, impartiality, morality, ethical theory, moral reasons 1. Moreover, it centers what I will call paradigmatic moral reasons for or against the use of violence\u2014that is, reasons that arise from impartial moral principles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14738", "words": "11588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kohpei\u00df, Henrike", "title": "Concepts as Shelter: Toward a Feminist Theory of Philosophical Concepts", "date": "2023", "keywords": "ahmed; concepts; deleuze; experience; feminist; guattari; meltzer; philosophy; scholarship@western; shelter; spivak; subject; theory; trauma; tuck; work; world", "summary": "Toward a Feminist Theory of Philosophical Concepts Henrike Kohpei\u00df Free University Berlin henrike.kohpeiss@fu-berlin.de Kohpei\u00df \u2013 Concepts as Shelter: Toward a Feminist Theory of Philosophical Concepts Published by Scholarship@Western, 2023 1 Concepts as Shelter: Toward a Feminist Theory of Philosophical Concepts Henrike Kohpei\u00df Abstract Eve Tuck\u2019s reflection on a \u201cbreakup with Deleuze\u201d and her critical feminist relationship toward Deleuze\u2019s philosophical position leads to my exploration of a feminist approach to a theory of concepts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-14865", "words": "11095", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Horden, John; L\u00f3pez de Sa, Dan", "title": "Gender Essentialisms", "date": "2023", "keywords": "essentialism; gender; human; individual; kinds; norms; person; philosophy; property; roles; witt; woman", "summary": "Consider for example the following passage, on why she takes social individuals to be numerically distinct from persons: Social individuals are essentially relational beings and their existence is dependent upon the existence of social reality. Witt\u2019s version of gender essentialism is thus social constructionist in character, crucially involving social norms concerning biological reproduction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15004", "words": "11959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lemay, Marie-Pier", "title": "Engaged Solidaristic Research: Developing Methodological and Normative Principles for Political Philosophers", "date": "2023", "keywords": "accountability; deference; ethics; feminist; fieldwork; humility; justice; knowledge; philosophers; philosophy; power; principles; research; researchers; scholarship@western; solidarity; struggle; theory; university", "summary": "Given the increasing recognition of this type of research, examining methodological hazards arising from the unequal power relations created through research is vital\u2014otherwise, engaged research may lose its pertinence as a distinct research paradigm. Therefore, for engaged research in philosophy to effectively support the efforts of those in the struggle for justice, there needs to be an implicit norm and stance of deference: we defer our assessment of a social justice struggle to those who are intrinsically involved in it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15065", "words": "9411", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Emerick, Barrett; Stockdale, Katie; Yap, Audrey", "title": "Weapon and Shield: Apologies and the Duty to Be Vulnerable", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anger; apologies; apologizing; apology; emerick; feminist; people; philosophy; victim; vulnerability; way; wrongdoer", "summary": "In this section we argue that good apologies require not only sincerity but vulnerability. We suggest that, whereas bad apologies function to protect wrongdoers from the vulnerability of being held accountable and the reparative obligations they might bear toward victims and other members of the moral community, good apologies involve embracing vulnerability of two different kinds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15077", "words": "10792", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Engelhardt, Jeff", "title": "Some Reflections on Gaslighting and Language Games", "date": "2023", "keywords": "challenge; doubts; games; gaslighting; ignorance; injustice; language; normative; norms; reports; rules; speakers; systems", "summary": "Prima facie, reports of systemic injustice challenge epistemic systems that produce ignorance of these injustices.10 If so, and if Mills is right, then reports of systemic injustice will tend to provoke the reactions that enforce conformity to the system of ignorance. Unintentional gaslighting: Gaslighting occurs when (i) a speaker uses words without the intention that a hearer come to form negative attitudes toward her own interpretive abilities, but (ii) the use of such words is apt to cause the hearer to form such attitudes (iii) owing to the hearer being subject to systemic epistemic injustice that has disposed her to do so.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15151", "words": "10878", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Kane, Laura", "title": "Weighing Identity in Procreative Decisions", "date": "2023", "keywords": "child; children; decisions; experience; identity; motherhood; new; parent; parenthood; philosophy; procreation; relationship; role; scholarship@western; self; women", "summary": "Women are expected to have children\u2014to become mothers\u2014and this expected identity shift shapes and, in some important respects, binds certain narratives about women\u2019s lives to individual women who either define themselves within this narrative or in opposition to this narrative.1 Additionally, there are material effects imposed upon women who choose to become parents, and there are material effects imposed upon women who choose not to become parents. Women who are childless due to circumstances beyond their control are stigmatized for not being able to \u201cfulfill their reproductive function,\u201d while women who choose to remain childless are seen as defying social norms (160).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15240", "words": "12672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Merritt, Michele", "title": "Be Grateful or Be Quiet: Confronting the Epistemic Harms of Adoptism", "date": "2024", "keywords": "adoptees; adoption; adoptism; article; birth; child; children; family; feminist; fricker; harms; health; injustice; institution; knowledge; merritt; parents; philosophy; scholarship@western; self; testimony; ways; women", "summary": "I began meeting other adoptees, something I had not experienced before, except for the adopted sibling with whom I had grown up. The fear, obligation, and guilt that I and other adoptees often experience when, say, entering into reunion with our biological families underscores the way adoptees are in an inferior position within a power dynamic and, hence, at risk for marginalization and oppression.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15370", "words": "10944", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "McKittrick-Sweitzer, Lavender", "title": "Care Exploitation: Taking Advantage of One\u2019s Caring about Another", "date": "2023", "keywords": "account; advantage; aid; alex; care; care exploitation; caring; case; exploitation; marie; mother; vulnerability; wrong", "summary": "For the wrong of care exploitation to arise because Marie is simply no match to Alex seems more promising; it is Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 2023, Vol.9, Iss. 3, Article 4 Published by Scholarship@Western, 2023 8 substantially less likely Marie will reject the call to aid another in their flourishing than her sibling (due to her caring more). McKittrick-Sweitzer \u2013 Care Exploitation: Taking Advantage of One\u2019s Caring about Another Published by Scholarship@Western, 2023 11 My account of the wrong of care exploitation here draws on the Kantian account insofar as it highlights that Alex undermines Marie\u2019s dignity by simply assuming she will take care of their mother, foreclosing on the possibility that she will choose to do otherwise.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15401", "words": "11342", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Pitton, Camilla", "title": "The Limitations of Duality: Reexamining Sexual Difference in Feminist Philosophies of Nature", "date": "2023", "keywords": "culture; difference; duality; duality view; feminist; irigaray; nature; objectification; philosophy; stone; view", "summary": "Since, as I will show, Pitton \u2013 The Limitations of Duality: Reexamining Sexual Difference in Feminist Philosophies of Nature Published by Scholarship@Western, 2023 9 On the other hand, the first position implies that there can be no ontological and necessary connection between articulations of nature and nature itself, meaning that nature does not require its own apprehension or conceptual mediation. As Stone rightfully stresses, the violence against nature and femaleness, resulting from the male propensity to deny duality, can be Pitton \u2013 The Limitations of Duality: Reexamining Sexual Difference in Feminist Philosophies of Nature Published by Scholarship@Western, 2023 15 considered a tendency whose actualisation is not inevitable.14 This also means that the duality view can establish a continuity between nature and culture without positing that patriarchy and domination are inevitable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15569", "words": "11246", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Lennie, Tyra", "title": "Self-Improvement in Astellian Friendship", "date": "2023", "keywords": "astell; astellian; astellian friendship; custom; epicurean; friendship; improvement; ladies; love; philosophy; retirement; self", "summary": "This article highlights how these existing characterizations overlook a primary feature of Astell\u2019s description of friendship as a self-improvement project that can only be 1 I am indebted to the wonderful community who works on Mary Astell. Finally, a very specific type of friendship is central on both accounts: one focused on improving the self and gaining security through a community of like-minded individuals.4 Ultimately, examining these shared 2 Jacqueline Broad mentions connections between Astell\u2019s writing and Epicurean philosophy in her 2015 book, The Philosophy of Mary Astell: An Early Modern Theory of Virtue.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-15643", "words": "2813", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Fehr, Carla", "title": "Feminism, Social Justice, and Artificial Intelligence", "date": "2022", "keywords": "algorithms; fehr; feminism; intelligence; justice; papers; philosophy", "summary": "Falbo and LaCroix point out that we exist in relationship with AI systems that encode conventions of dominant cultures. As a result, cultural smothering can be mediated by AI systems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16491", "words": "12260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Hallstr\u00f6m, Ina", "title": "Endo Episteme: Epistemic Injustice and the Misrecognition of Endometriosis", "date": "2024", "keywords": "article; diagnosis; endo; endometriosis; episteme; experience; feminist; fricker; health; ignorance; injustice; interviewees; knowledge; pain; philosophy; practices; recognition; scholarship@western; self; women", "summary": "Using endo as a case from \u201cmessy empirical reality\u201d (Zala et al. 2020) can provide valuable contributions to current theories of epistemic practices and recognition. Through the analysis of endo episteme, I identify and conceptualize a number of epistemic practices in the lifeworld of interviewees: comparing-with, expressive uptake, a pedagogy of pain, the struggle for diagnosis, an epistemology of ignorance, and epistemic activism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16598", "words": "4345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Rodier, Kristin", "title": "Telling Feminist Philosophy Stories: Introduction to the FPQ Symposium on Cressida Heyes\u2019s _Anaesthetics of Existence: Essays on Experience at the Edge_", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anaesthetics; cressida; feminist; heyes; introduction; philosophy; stories; work", "summary": "Keywords: Clare Hemmings, feminist philosophy, Cressida Heyes, feminist agency, resistance, embodiment, feminist storytelling \u201cMy interest in suffering is perhaps indicative of my unease with feminism-as- martyrdom and my (unfulfillable) desire to challenge authority and break free of docility in the name of a kind of liberation that I am ostensibly arguing against. My introduction takes the example of this symposium as a provocation to reflect on feminist philosophical practices, considering specifically framing, storytelling, and intellectual inheritances.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16599", "words": "2021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Heyes, Cressida J.", "title": "Heyes\u2019s Introduction to _Anaesthetics of Existence: Essays on Experience on the Edge_", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anaesthetics; existence; experience; feminist; heyes", "summary": "Because it was about self-transformation and technologies of the self, it oriented my attention toward lived experience, which I quickly realized I could describe fluently enough using the everyday language of first- personal narrative, even while I lacked a richer philosophical vocabulary to give structure and meaning to those stories. I spent several years after that second book trying to teach myself phenomenology\u2014an arduous and fraught process that was really only possible because of the brilliant contributions of critical phenomenologists such as Alia Al-Saji, Lisa Guenther, and Gayle Salamon, who showed how politics and ethics could be woven through rigorous accounts of lived experience.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16600", "words": "5059", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Burke, Megan", "title": "Life at the Edge: Punctuated Time and Time Poverty", "date": "2023", "keywords": "2020; edge; experience; heyes; poverty; sleep; sleeping; time", "summary": "Accordingly, this paper suggests that the particular experience of punctuated time endured by individuals who are unhoused can be understood as a violent interruption of subjectivity that pushes them to the edge of lived time. My reading traces Heyes\u2019s initial insights on sleep in order to develop a preliminary account of punctuated time\u2014a form of time poverty that is particularly acute for those who must sleep outside.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16601", "words": "3914", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Bettcher, Talia Mae", "title": "Phenomenology, Agency, and Rape: Comments on Heyes\u2019s _Anaesthetics of Existence_", "date": "2023", "keywords": "agency; boundaries; existence; heyes; rape; time", "summary": "While Heyes\u2019s account of postdisciplinary time is richer than this, one key point is that the experience of the present is made smaller, narrower, while the future looms ever closer, moving with increasing speed. Here it is also important to recall what Heyes herself points out\u2014namely, that the ability to exert this destabilized agency in postdisciplinary time at all is a privilege in light of those who are cast out of the machinery altogether through joblessness, homelessness, and the like.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16602", "words": "4107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Bierria, Alisa", "title": "Being Time", "date": "2023", "keywords": "agency; bierria; feminist; heyes; life; people; prison; time", "summary": "In this discussion, I consider the problem of time, unstable subjectivity, and agency in the context of prison economies and the contradictions within the self-making and self-advocacy incarcerated people sometimes engage to navigate the possibility of freedom. Instead, new prisons largely increase opportunities for those outside the town who are already plugged into the statewide prison employment network.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16603", "words": "5422", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Heyes, Cressida J.", "title": "Heyes\u2019s Responses to Readers", "date": "2023", "keywords": "2023; agency; bettcher; burke; death; experience; heyes; people; sleep; time", "summary": "Being intermittently woken gasping for air to survive is a very literal version of the sleep interruptions experienced by the houseless, which, according to Burke, push them to the edge of lived time and annihilate their existence. In her response to the book, Talia Bettcher argues that two of the overly dichotomous framings need to be broken up: postdisciplinary and anaesthetic time, and agency and passivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16618", "words": "11076", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Vargas Gonz\u00e1lez, Jessica", "title": "Political and Antipolitical Anger: The Challenge of Keeping One\u2019s Anger at Structural Injustice Properly Political", "date": "2024", "keywords": "anger; arendt; blaming; cherry; emotion; harm; injustice; life; people; politics; scholarship@western", "summary": "Likewise, my analysis differs from Nussbaum\u2019s (2016, 23) more specific assessment of anger in Anger and Forgiveness, where she claims that anger is intrinsically normatively problematic because it involves, conceptually, a retributive dimension. Anger\u2019s social and malleable nature only entails that there is no necessary connection between anger and violence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16644", "words": "9946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Fife, Maggie", "title": "The Generative Power of Collective Hope", "date": "2024", "keywords": "action; activist; activities; collective; commitments; hope; imagination; individual; new; power", "summary": "Collective hope avoids this worry deftly, because not all individuals who share in collective hope are required to hope individually. Through the contemporary example of the prison abolition movement, I address pessimistic and pragmatic worries about political hope, show how collective hope motivates political action through activities of shared imagination, and introduce the concept of holding hope.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16686", "words": "11916", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Yumu\u015fak, Ege", "title": "What\u2019s in a Perspective? : Perspectives, Interpretation, and Inquiry", "date": "2024", "keywords": "agenda; beliefs; camp; dispositions; feminist; feminist perspective; filter; inquiry; interpretation; perspective; philosophy; questions; scholarship@western; social; view; way", "summary": "To capture social perspectives, we need an account that emphasizes different features of perspectival experience and imposes new constraints on what counts as a social perspective. 3 Political philosophers have taken an interest in a \u201csocial perspective\u201d before; however, they consider social perspectives not as psychological phenomena but rather as properties of social groups that can be represented in political discourse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16722", "words": "13341", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Edwards, Kirsten T.", "title": "White Concealment", "date": "2025", "keywords": "amy; anne; aspen; black; cecily; color; concealment; edwards; feminist; ignorance; jalese; labor; people; power; press; process; race; scholarship@western; story; university; white; whiteness; women", "summary": "White concealment is a particular type of action on the part of white people to protect white ignorance by concealing and/or not acknowledging critical information relevant to a specific racist situation. White concealment is what whiteness tells and does not tell, asks and does not ask Black people with the goal of preventing Black people from forwarding perspectives that might disrupt white ignorance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16798", "words": "13246", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Joseph, Felicity", "title": "The Degendering of Virtue: Beauvoir and Wollstonecraft on Virtue and Equality", "date": "2024", "keywords": "beauvoir; degendering; equality; feminine; feminist; gendered; human; nature; patriarchy; philosophy; reason; scholarship@western; virtues; wollstonecraft; women", "summary": "That is, under patriarchy women have to deal with not just an unfair system of gendered morals but also an obfuscatory moral language that conceals the contradiction and double standard therein. Despite the different approaches of their respective key feminist works, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and The Second Sex, Wollstonecraft and Beauvoir describe the situation of women in extraordinarily similar ways, and at the heart of this similarity is their analysis of gendered virtue.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-16832", "words": "8222", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Buttgereit, T.J.", "title": "Disability, Self-Representation, and Care: Nothing about Us without Us", "date": "2025", "keywords": "care; disability; disabled; identity; individual; kittay; label; person; reason; representation; self", "summary": "Keywords: disability studies, care ethics, disability identity, self-representation 1. The movement\u2019s commitment to the value of self-representation has implications for how we understand the very concept of disability identity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-17527", "words": "13498", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Gasdaglis, Katherine", "title": "Whose Anger Matters? Methodological Mistakes in the Philosophy of Emotion", "date": "2025", "keywords": "agency; anger; cases; cherry; emotion; experiences; face; feminist; gasdaglis; matters; oppression; pereboom; philosophy; scholarship@western; way; ways; women; world", "summary": "For example, Alice MacLachlan argues that \u201cmoralistic\u201d defenses of resentment (a species of anger) define it in a way that centers only certain specific cases of moral anger, generating a purely technical concept that is woefully extensionally inadequate. Nor are they open to the possibility that theirs might not be the paradigm case of moral anger.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-17738", "words": "10708", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Bell, Rowan", "title": "The Role of a Lifetime: Trans Experience and Gender Norms", "date": "2025", "keywords": "categories; category; experience; feminine; feminist; gender; gender norms; individuals; norms; people; traits; trans; view", "summary": "But trans and gender-nonconforming people are often responsive to gender norms that don't match our gender categories. Gender norms apply to individuals on the basis of the gender-coded traits that they express.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18025", "words": "11989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Cosker-Rowland, Rach", "title": "Paternalistic Restrictions on Gender-Affirming Health Care", "date": "2025", "keywords": "access; adults; affirming; antipaternalism; blockers; care; children; dysphoria; gahrt; gender; health; limits; paternalism; people; puberty; restrictions; state; teenagers; trans", "summary": "Abstract Recently the UK and many US states have brought in policies and laws that limit or entirely prevent access to gender-affirming health care for trans adults and/or trans youth. Second, the paper argues that paternalistic restrictions on trans adults accessing gender-affirming care that have been implemented in Florida, Missouri, and the UK fall afoul of this weak antipaternalist principle (\u00a73\u20135).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18639", "words": "11000", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Richardson, Kevin", "title": "The Metaphysics of Gender and the Gender Binary", "date": "2025", "keywords": "antitrans; definition; gender; gender binary; gender kinds; gender terms; gender violence; kinds; meaning; metaphysics; people; philosophy; structural; terms; trans; violence; woman", "summary": "Keywords: gender, metaphysics, gender binary, feminist metaphysics, philosophy of language 1. Furthermore, gender binaries are not quite as rigid as I have made them out to be.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18657", "words": "14238", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Forbes, Allauren Samantha", "title": "Early Modern Feminists on Wooing as a Gendered Epistemic Harm", "date": "2025", "keywords": "alinda; astell; cavendish; consent; feminist; flattery; gendered; gournay; injustice; lady; marriage; modern; power; women; wooers; wooing", "summary": "Women are not seen as knowers when it comes to wooing; they cannot be, else wooing might be ineffective at securing women\u2019s agreement to marry. 2.3. Women think they are experiencing a 8 Some scholars, such as Nora Berenstain (2020), have recently argued that there are grievous moral and structural errors with Fricker\u2019s articulation of hermeneutical injustice\u2014most centrally, that it fails to ascribe epistemic agency to women of color and their epistemic resistance; this is white feminist gaslighting.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18717", "words": "8922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Ciurria, Mich", "title": "Revolutionizing Responsibility: Intersecting Feminist Perspectives", "date": "2024", "keywords": "change; feminist; oppression; people; philosophers; philosophy; praise; quarterly; responsibility; scholarship@western; strawson; theory; white; women", "summary": "This so-called commonsense intuition is reflected in Strawson\u2019s argument that \u201cpeople who are \u2018neurotic,\u2019 \u2018warped or deranged,\u2019 \u2018schizophrenic,\u2019 \u2018compulsive,\u2019 \u2018insane,\u2019 or \u2018delusional\u2019 Ciurria \u2013 Revolutionizing Responsibility: Intersecting Feminist Perspectives Published by Scholarship@Western, 2024 5 are not members of the moral community, that is, should not be regarded as moral agents who participate in the relationships that characterize responsibility practices\u201d (Tremain, 5; citing Strawson 1962). First, I will offer a brief genealogy of moral responsibility, focusing on the shift from metaphysical concerns to social concerns to, as of late, a more political orientation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18718", "words": "12787", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Holroyd, Jules", "title": "The Distortions of Oppressive Praise: Challenges for Practice-Dependent Theories of Moral Responsibility", "date": "2024", "keywords": "agency; approaches; attitudes; blame; ciurria; feminist; holroyd; mcgeer; norms; people; practices; praise; responsibility; scholarship@western", "summary": "1/2, Article 1 Published by Scholarship@Western, 2024 4 enforce oppressive norms, rather than track whatever qualities are supposed to be relevant to moral responsibility, then looking to those practices is unlikely to illuminate the conditions for moral responsibility; rather, it is likely to misrepresent them. But\u2014 with respect to fashion, grammar, and moral responsibility practices, inter alia\u2014this oversimplifies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18719", "words": "3963", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "McHugh, Hannah", "title": "A Taxonomy of Oppressive Praise", "date": "2024", "keywords": "agent; blame; norms; praise; praising; responsibility", "summary": "Oppressive praise is an erroneous attribution of moral or normative responsibility that contributes to the production and reproduction of oppressive and dominating structures. Oppressive praise will track and enforce oppressive norms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18720", "words": "12679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "28", "author": "Tremain, Shelley Lynn", "title": "When Moral Responsibility Theory Met My Philosophy of Disability", "date": "2024", "keywords": "apparatus; article; barnes; botts; disability; feminist; ontology; people; philosophers; philosophy; power; responsibility; responsibility theory; scholarship@western; theory; tremain; work", "summary": "Insofar as Barnes employs a decompositional approach to disability in order to argue in this way, she simplifies inescapably complex social phenomena, an adequate understanding and examination of which require an account of how networks of productive apparatuses of power generate disability and its putatively natural foundation, impairment. My argument is that the practices of structural gaslighting, according to which there is no causal connection between the conception of disability as a natural misfortune and the inequities and injustice that disabled people confront\u2014that, in other words, philosophers who advance the prevailing (mis)conception of disability as a defect of individuals bear no culpability for the social Tremain \u2013 When Moral Responsibility Theory Met My Philosophy of Disability Published by Scholarship@Western, 2024 5 exclusion and disenfranchisement of disabled people as a group\u2014are strategic elements of what I call \u201cthe apparatus of disability\u201d (Tremain 2017a, 2020a).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18721", "words": "12191", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Gorman, August", "title": "Against Neuronormativity in Moral Responsibility", "date": "2024", "keywords": "agency; article; capacities; disability; ethics; example; experience; gorman; health; kind; neurodiversity; neuronormativity; oxford; people; person; philosophy; responsibility; scholarship@western; way", "summary": "But in accounts of the actual lived experience of people with Tourette syndrome, many people report their tics as being voluntary responses to a build-up of internal pressure and report being able to withhold their ticcing for short periods of time (Schroeder 2005).18 People with Tourette syndrome, from a neurodiversity perspective, could be seen as people who tend to have more itch-like facets of their motivational psychology than other people do.19 17 I use a similar example to motivate slightly different points in my chapter \u201cThe Minimal Approval Account of Attributability\u201d (Gorman 2019, 152) and in the article \u201cWhat Is the Difference between Weakness of Will and Compulsion?\u201d For example, the setup of the room an agent is in might count as part of the environment\u2014maybe there\u2019s only one door to the room, and the person can\u2019t leave without pushing past other people.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18722", "words": "12419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Murthy, T. Virgil", "title": "Against Arguing about Addict Agency", "date": "2024", "keywords": "aabps; actions; addiction; addicts; agency; article; blame; children; disease; drug; feminist; murthy; nonblamers; people; philosophy; pickard; responsibility; sanctions; scholarship@western; self; substance; treatment; use; view", "summary": "In particular, discussion of addict moral responsibility is irrelevant to the material conditions of addicts. Hence the disagreement over addict moral responsibility is a distinction without a difference.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18723", "words": "13731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Ranganathan, Shyam", "title": "Reason and Solidarity with Persons against White Supremacy and Irresponsibility: A South Asian Analysis", "date": "2024", "keywords": "beliefs; colonialism; good; interpretation; irresponsibility; language; lat; people; persons; philosophy; ranganathan; reason; scholarship@western; self; south; supremacy; thought; tradition; west; white; yoga", "summary": "If the only people who seem to care about moral responsibility and moral philosophy are the people from the colonizing tradition, then colonizers seem to be doing the colonized a paternal favor by taking over. And if one can simply erase moral philosophy from traditions that were averse to engaging in colonization\u2014traditions that were colonized, like those of South Asia\u2014one erases views on responsibility that are anticolonial.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18724", "words": "12305", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Meissner, Shelbi Nahwilet; Smith, Andrew Frederick", "title": "Climate Crisis as Relational Crisis: Centering Indigenous Feminist Conceptions of Responsibility in Environmental Discourse", "date": "2024", "keywords": "article; change; climate; climate change; climate crisis; colonialism; colonizers; communities; conditions; crisis; default; feminist; gibson; global; human; meissner; motif; new; philosophy; press; relational; routledge; scholarship@western; settler; smith; university; whyte; world; york", "summary": "Framing climate crisis as relational crisis hereby creates discursive space for much needed transformational Indigenous feminist visions for justly and effectively addressing climate change. But it is not until quite recently that the language of climate change morphed definitively into that of climate crisis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18725", "words": "10259", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Villa, Katherine", "title": "Affective Injustice and Responsibility for Emotion Regulation", "date": "2024", "keywords": "affective; emotion; emotion regulation; feminist; girls; harassment; injustice; labor; norms; oppression; philosophy; practices; regulation; responsibility; scholarship@western; women", "summary": "That being said, we open ourselves to judgement for our emotional reactions and expressions, based on emotion norms, yet those judgments rarely involve others taking accountability for creating the conditions that require emotion regulation in the first place. Keywords: emotion regulation, moral responsibility, oppression, social norms, affective injustice 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18726", "words": "11369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Peters, Katie", "title": "Not My Fault: Far-Right Women and the Exculpatory Narratives of Misogyny and Infantilization", "date": "2024", "keywords": "actions; article; black; control; feminist; infantilization; kathleen; knowledge; misogyny; narrative; power; responsibility; right; right women; view; white; women", "summary": "Kate Manne\u2019s (2017, 33) concept of the logic of misogyny offers a compelling alternative view to what she calls the na\u00efve conception of misogyny, where misogyny is primarily a property of individual misogynists who are prone to hate women qua women\u2014that is, because of their gender. Consider the following example, adapted (and shortened) from Mamta Motwani Accapadi\u2019s \u201cWhen White Women Cry\u201d: A group of student affairs professionals were in a meeting to discuss retention and wellness issues pertaining to a specific racial community on our campus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18727", "words": "8687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Leventi, Marianna", "title": "Victim Blaming, Justified Risks, and Imperfect Victims", "date": "2024", "keywords": "article; blame; blaming; choice; example; harm; people; responsibility; risks; victim; victim blaming; women", "summary": "I also refrain from talking about people who are pressed by circumstances, such as being impoverished, and have no choice but to walk through the park.11 This idea that such victims are blameworthy is obviously false. When people engage in victim blaming, they shift the burden of the harmful act from the perpetrators and place it upon the victims instead.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18728", "words": "10622", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Patrizio, Ross", "title": "\u201cFriendly\u201d Men and Social Roles: Collective Responsibility for a Culture of Rape", "date": "2024", "keywords": "culture; dworkin; individual; injustice; men; rape; responsibility; roles; women; zheng", "summary": "Witt (2011, 79\u201380) characterizes gender as a mega social role: a special kind of social role that serves to unify, organize, and define one\u2019s membership in many\u2014 or perhaps all\u2014other social roles. Keywords: collective responsibility, structural injustice, social roles, rape culture, Andrea Dworkin Introduction In 1983, Andrea Dworkin gave a speech at the Midwest Regional Conference of the National Organization for Changing Men entitled \u201cI Want a Twenty-Four-Hour Truce during Which There Is No Rape.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18729", "words": "11454", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Haulotte, Penelope", "title": "Gender Dysphoria for Critical Theory", "date": "2024", "keywords": "action; alienation; cisgender; cisgender society; concept; gender; gender dysphoria; gendered; life; marx; people; proletariat; scholarship@western; society; theory; trans; trans people", "summary": "If the medicalized concept of gender dysphoria tacitly takes for granted, identifies with, and thereby reinforces cisgender patriarchal society, a critical theory of gender dysphoria instead approaches the issue from the perspective of trans people, their lived experiences and social situation, to offer a critique of society. Third, while the medicalized concept of gender dysphoria claims that trans people live in the \u201cwrong-body,\u201d the critical theory of gender dysphoria claims that trans people live in the \u201cwrong-society.\u201d5", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18730", "words": "12639", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Delston, J. B.", "title": "Do Virtue Ethicists Parent Poorly? The Threat of Developmental Psychology for Moral Education and Responsibility in Virtue Ethics", "date": "2024", "keywords": "action; appraisal; behavior; character; character appraisal; children; education; ethicists; example; feminist; good; person; philosophy; praise; psychology; rearing; scholarship@western; self; theory; virtue; virtue ethics", "summary": "Virtue ethics uniquely asks us to focus on person evaluations, and so virtue ethics uniquely falls prey to the results of these studies. In this paper, I argue that virtue ethics is unfortunately committed to a developmentally detrimental form of moral evaluation in its traditional iterations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-18855", "words": "17275", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Sledge, Piper; Rice, Collin", "title": "Reimagining the Potential of Feminist Epistemologies in Science: Epistemic Achievements, Social Structure, and Diversity", "date": "2025", "keywords": "communities; community; diversity; epistemologies; epistemology; explanations; feminist; implementation; individual; knowing; knowledge; objectivity; perspectives; philosophy; potential; practices; rice; scholarship@western; science; standpoint; structures; understanding; ways", "summary": "We think the above arguments make the case for additional interventions into the interactional and institutional aspects of scientific epistemic communities. Despite each of these theoretical literatures refocusing on structural aspects of scientific communities, within scientific practice\u2014and academia more generally\u2014social categories of identity such as gender and race tend to be treated as an aspect of the situated knowledge of individual researchers who are impervious to the cultural conditioning implicit in scientific training.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-20166", "words": "10894", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Cohn, Bobbi", "title": "Gaslighting-Up: When Gaslighting Is Good", "date": "2025", "keywords": "abuse; agents; credibility; gaslighting; good; huck; injustice; kind; matilda; philosophy; power; safety; scholarship@western; self; target; victims; way", "summary": "Cohn \u2013 Gaslighting-Up: When Gaslighting Is Good Published by Scholarship@Western, 2025 9 appears to be problematic gaslighting, we understand it as a form of safety planning\u2014 as a desperate attempt by victims to keep themselves safe while in abusive relationships and while they are trying to exit them.7 4.B. Defending against Gaslighting When gaslighting-up is used for defense and safety planning, it also comes with another, subtler benefit: gaslighting-up helps abuse victims maintain their epistemic agency and thus psychologically defend against abusive gaslighting. The examples listed at the start of this paper are classic examples of epistemic gaslighting, and moral gaslighting occurs, for example, when someone is made to feel ashamed or like a \u201cbitch\u201d for being unforgiving, even though she is entitled to withhold forgiveness (see Manne 2023, 124n2, 142\u201343).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-20393", "words": "11637", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Zurn, Perry", "title": "How Cis Went Mainstream: Critical Junctures and Costs", "date": "2025", "keywords": "cis; cis privilege; cisgender; cisness; cissexual; community; episode; feminist; junctures; killerman; mainstream; park; people; philosophy; privilege; scholarship@western; sense; serano; south; studies; term; trans; transgender; zurn", "summary": "Trans people are as naturally occurring as cis people; we are categorical equals (Dame-Griff 2023). In doing so, the episode continues to function within a normal/abnormal binary and, by pathologizing cis people in its work of depathologizing trans people, it practices a form of Nietzschean ressentiment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-20989", "words": "9207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Bogin, Emily N.", "title": "Confessing Victims and Victim Testimony: Misogyny\u2019s Role in the Structuring of Subjects", "date": "2025", "keywords": "antigone; butler; confession; guilt; hill; manne; self; speech; subject; testimony; victim; women", "summary": "Confession is one scene of address in which this recognition can take place, and the self is structured by the response one gives a Bogin \u2013 Confessing Victims and Victim Testimony: Misogyny\u2019s Role in the Structuring of Subjects Published by Scholarship@Western, 2025 3 Girl, I show how women\u2019s testimony is often treated as confession on account of the subject position of the testifier. Leveraging Kate Manne\u2019s theory of victimhood, I bring victim testimony into a conversation that often imagines confession as the paradigmatic speech act that forms the subject.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-21632", "words": "11206", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Ryan, Nanette", "title": "Autonomy and Gendering in Childhood", "date": "2025", "keywords": "autonomy; childhood; children; example; gender; gender norms; gop; identity; model; norms; open; parenting; parents; respect; scholarship@western; self; ways", "summary": "This is problematic as it leaves arguments in its favor based on 1 This model is also part of what Jake Pyne (2014,1) refers to as a boarder \u201cparadigm shift\u201d in approaches to raising gender nonconforming children. There is also ample evidence that reinforcing patriarchal gender norms is harmful for children\u2014and especially for gender nonconforming children who find themselves in unsupportive environments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-22204", "words": "812", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "18", "author": "Norlock, Kathryn J.", "title": "Acknowledgment of Editors, Graduate Student Assistants, and Referees", "date": "2024", "keywords": "acknowledgment; amy; assistants; catherine; editors; feminist; graduate student; laura; mark; philosophy; referees; sarah; scholarship@western; shannon; student assistants", "summary": "Dana Miranda Gregory Morgan Swer Deborah M\u00fchlebach Amy Mullin Cecilea Mun L. Ryan Musgrave Mark Navin Mariana Ortega Julinna Oxley Elisabeth Paquette Shelley M. Park Javiera Perez Gomez Menaka Philips Carissa Phillips-Garrett Andrea Pitts Paul-Mikhail Catapang Podosky Gaile Pohlhaus Jr. Theron Pummer Alison Reiheld Joel Michael Reynolds Sarah Richardson Louise Richardson-Self Regina Rini Catherine Rioux Sarah Roe Monique Roelofs Dorothy Rogers Miriam Ronzoni Phyllis Rooney Amanda Roth Jennifer Rycenga Ronni Gura Sadovsky Pamela Sailors Mark Sanders Jennifer Saul Joe Saunders Marina Sbis\u00e0 Naomi Scheman Elizabeth Schiltz Angela Schneider Sally Scholz Timothy Schroeder Jeanine Weekes Schroer Falguni Sheth Liam Shields Alexis Shotwell Maureen Sie Laura Soter Eddy Souffrant Andrew Spear David Spewak Susanne Sreedhar Joshua St. Pierre Titus Stahl\u202f Cynthia Stark Edward Stein Rachel Sterken Katie Stockdale Laura Specker Sullivan Anita Superson Adkins Linda Mart\u00edn Alcoff Mark Alfano Muhammad Ali Khalidi Hannah Allen Ben Almassi Luvell Anderson Scott Anderson Kristin Andrews Louise Antony Kiran Asher Lauren M. Ashwell B. Lee-Harrison Aultman Amy Baehr Michael", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-22668", "words": "10976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hedges, Tris", "title": "The Affective Enforcement of Heterosexism: Self-Doubt and Queer Desire", "date": "2025", "keywords": "affective; desire; doubt; erotic; experience; feelings; heterosexism; milieu; philosophy; queer; queer desire; scholarship@western; self; sense; sexuality; ways", "summary": "In the case of queer desire, by internalizing heterosexist attitudes from one\u2019s milieu, the intensity and frequency at which one experiences queer desires may be causally affected (D\u00edaz-Le\u00f3n 2017, 242). To do this, I synthesize a phenomenological understanding of sexuality with contemporary work in philosophy of emotion to thematize a form of self-doubt that is felt in relation to the experience of queer desires.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-24028", "words": "7311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Bettcher, Talia Mae", "title": "Social Kinds and Semantics: Notes on Katharine Jenkins\u2019s Ontology and Oppression", "date": "2025", "keywords": "account; gender; jenkins; kinds; ontology; semantics; trans; woman", "summary": "Human social kinds\u2014 social kinds with humans as members\u2014are, in this framework, constituted through shared sets of constraints and enablements (83). In the first of these, I introduce one of the objections to Jenkins\u2019s account that Jenkins herself considers\u2014namely, the misgendering objection (roughly, the worry that positing social gender kinds at odds with trans self-identities is to engage in misgendering).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-24029", "words": "9183", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Khalidi, Muhammad Ali", "title": "Pluralism, Opacity, and Values in the Social World: Commentary on Jenkins\u2019s Ontology and Oppression", "date": "2025", "keywords": "gender; injustice; jenkins; kinds; ontology; oppression; philosophy; pluralism; race; science; values; world", "summary": "Second, I consider how Jenkins\u2019s central notion of \u201contic injustice\u201d interacts with a prominent distinction between social kinds that have to be explicitly represented (\u201ctransparent\u201d) and those that need not be represented (\u201copaque\u201d). Keywords: social ontology, oppression, ontic injustice, social kinds 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-24030", "words": "6112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Russel, Camisha", "title": "Where to Start with an Ontology That Doesn\u2019t Come First?", "date": "2025", "keywords": "approach; framework; gender; identity; jenkins; kinds; ontology; people; race", "summary": "While Jenkins discusses gender kinds most thoroughly, my analysis focuses on race kinds. While Jenkins discusses gender kinds most thoroughly, my analysis will focus on race kinds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-24031", "words": "9341", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Jenkins, Katharine", "title": "Reply to Comments by Bettcher, Khalidi, and Russell on Ontology and Oppression", "date": "2025", "keywords": "approach; bettcher; book; gender; khalidi; kinds; ontology; people; russell; woman", "summary": "The first of Khalidi\u2019s three main points concerns the question of whether a pluralist position can be maintained in the face of the obvious causal interconnections between membership in hegemonic race and gender kinds, in interpersonal race and gender kinds, and in race and gender identity kinds. In response to Khalidi, it discusses pluralism and hybridism about social kinds, the applicability of ontic injustice to social kinds that are not represented, and the role of values in investigating social kinds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2975", "words": "8986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Code, Lorraine", "title": "Care, Concern, and Advocacy: Is There a Place for Epistemic Responsibility?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "advocacy; angell; care; code; concern; feminist; frechette; knowing; knowledge; objectivity; philosophy; responsibility; shrader; social", "summary": "Whether advocacy practices participate in making knowledge possible or in contesting its claims, or whether they are denied epistemic respectability, it matters who the advocates are, what credentials and justifications they supply for advocating as they do, and how their trustworthiness is established or gainsaid in deliberative processes. In the public imagination, as I have shown in my discussion of the challenge Dr. Marcia Angell faced, advocacy practices are routinely charged with egregious epistemological violations: with a failure of objectivity where vested interests override the detachment on which such starkly conceived objectivity depends; with blatant abuses of power and of the integrity of inquiry; with initiating a pernicious slide into relativism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2978", "words": "9176", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Harding, Sandra", "title": "After Mr. Nowhere: What Kind of Proper Self for a Scientist?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "feminist; groups; harding; knowledge; new; objectivity; philosophy; press; relations; research; science; self; social; university; women; work", "summary": "No wonder mainstream responses to social justice research have been so emotionally fraught. Sections Two, Three, and Four identify three distinctive kinds of proper scientific selfs that have become visible in recent social justice research.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2981", "words": "10783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Pohlhaus, Gaile", "title": "Different Voices, Perfect Storms, and Asking Grandma What She Thinks: Situating Experimental Philosophy in Relation to Feminist Philosophy", "date": "2015", "keywords": "attention; differences; feminist; gender; intuitions; philosophers; philosophy; stich; voices; way; work; world", "summary": "Had I known more about experimental philosophy at the time I would have understood how and why differences in philosophical intuitions matter to experimental philosophers. Keywords: experimental philosophy, women in philosophy, diversity in philosophy, metaphilosophy At first glance it might appear that experimental philosophers and feminist philosophers would make good allies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2984", "words": "11698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Dougherty, Tom; Baron, Samuel; Miller, Kristie", "title": "Female Under-Representation Among Philosophy Majors: \u2028A Map of the Hypotheses and a Survey of the Evidence", "date": "2015", "keywords": "causes; effect; et al; evidence; female; gender; hypotheses; majors; philosophy; philosophy majors; representation; research; schema; stereotype; students; university; women", "summary": "6. Conclusion Discussions of female under-representation among philosophy students have provided a rich set of candidate hypotheses that posit effects either in the classroom or in students\u2019 experiences before they arrive at university. However, empirical research into these effects on philosophy students is still in its nascence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2987", "words": "1504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-416", "author": "Porter, Lindsey", "title": "Gestation and Parental Rights: Why is Good Enough Good Enough?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "art; doi; fpq/2015.1.5; gestation; http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5; iss; philosophy; porter; rights; scholarship@western", "summary": "5 http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5 DOI: 10.5206/fpq/2015.1.5 ( LINDSEY(PORTER(works(on(issues(in(reproductive(and(parental(ethics.(Her(research( has(been(published(in(the(Journal$of$Social$Philosophy,$the(Journal$of$Medical$ Ethics,$and(the$Journal$of$Applied$Philosophy.( 27 Porter: Gestation and Parental Rights Published by Scholarship@Western, 2015 Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 2015 Gestation and Parental Rights: Why is Good Enough Good Enough? Article 5. doi:10.5206/fpq/2015.1.5. Gestation)and)Parental)Rights:)Why)is)Good)Enough)Good)Enough?1) Lindsey(Porter( ( ( ( Abstract) In(this(paper(I(explore(the(question(of(whether(gestation(can(ground( parental(rights.(I(consider(Anca(Gheaus\u2019s((2012)(claim(that(the(labour(and(bonding( of(gestation(give(one(the(right(to(parent(one\u2019s(biological(child.(I(argue(that,(while( Gheaus\u2019s(gestational(account(of(parental(rights(is(the(most(successful(of(such( accounts(in(the(literature,(it(is(ultimately(unsuccessful,(because(the(concept( \u2018maternalGfetal(bonding\u2019(does(not(stand(up(to(scrutiny.(Gheaus(argues(that(the( labour(expended(in(gestation(generates(parental(rights.(This(is(a(standard,(Lockean( sort(of(a(move(in(parental(ethics\u2014it(usually(relies(on(the(claim(that(I(have( proprietary(rights(over(the(products(of(my(labour.(However,(Gheaus(argues(that(a( standard(labour(account(of(parental(rights(could(not(generate(parental(rights(over( one\u2019s(own(birth(child(via(gestation(without(ownership,(since(the(labour(would( merely(afford(one(a(right(to(enjoy(the(goods(of(parenthood.(At(best,(then,(labour( alone(would(generate(a(right(to(a(child.((But,(Gheaus(argues,(not(only(do( gestational(mothers(expend(labour(in(the(course(of(the(pregnancy;(they(also( develop(emotional(ties(to(the(fetus.(They(\u2018bond\u2019(with(it.(This,(Gheaus(argues,( coupled(with(labour,(gives(the(birth(mother(parental(rights(over(her(birth(child.( Fathers,(on(her(account,(acquire(rights(over(their(birth(child(by(contributing( labour\u2014in(the(form(of(antenatal(support\u2014during(the(course(of(the(pregnancy.(I( argue(that(because(\u2018bonding\u2019(is(not(an(appropriately(morally(salient(phenomenon,( Gheaus\u2019s(account(does(not(work(unless(it(relies(on(a(proprietary(claim,(and(this(is( prima(facie(reason(to(reject(the(account.(Further,(the(fact(that(it(only(confers( parental(rights(on(fathers(by(proxy(also(gives(us(reason(to(reject(the(account.(I( then(offer(a(brief(sketch(of(a(more(promising,(positive(account(of(parental(rights.( ( Keywords:(gestation,(rights,(parenthood,(gender( 1(I(would(like(to(thank(Alex(Barber(and(Timothy(Fowler;(participants(in(the( 2014(joint(meeting(of(the(Canadian(Society(for(Women(in(Philosophy((CSWIP)(and( the(Association(for(Feminist(Epistemologies,(Methodologies,(Metaphysics(and( Science(Studies((FEMMSS)(in(Waterloo,(Ontario;(members(of(the(School(of(Politics,( International(Studies,(and(Philosophy(at(Queen's(University,(Belfast;(and(seminar( participants(at(the(Institut(\u00c9thique(Histoire(Humanit\u00e9s(et(Centre(interfacultaire(en( bio\u00e9thique(et(sciences(humaines(en(m\u00e9decine,(Centre(M\u00e9dical(Universitaire(in( Geneva(for(helpful(discussion(and(feedback.( 1 Porter: Gestation and Parental Rights Published by Scholarship@Western, 2015 Introduction)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2990", "words": "10833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Billingsley, Amy", "title": "Technology and Narratives of Continuity in Transgender Experiences", "date": "2015", "keywords": "change; change narratives; experiences; gender; identity; narratives; non; people; person; self; technology; trans; trans people; transgender; transition", "summary": "Considering the potential for emerging trans narratives indicates that fundamental change narratives are socially and historically situated. While this essay introduces narratives of fundamental change as distinct from Hausman\u2019s emphasis on the effacement of technology in transition narratives, fundamental change narratives similarly risk purifying and demarcating a post- transition body from bodies in transition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2993", "words": "5328", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Clough, Sharyn", "title": "Fact/Value Holism, Feminist Philosophy, and Nazi Cancer Research", "date": "2015", "keywords": "beliefs; cancer; claims; feminist; nazi; philosophy; research; science", "summary": "I conclude that even by the criteria available at the time, Nazi cancer research was empirically weak, and the weaknesses in their research are continuous with their moral failures in just the ways predicted by the holism I support. Even judged by the scientific standards of their time, Nazi cancer research was not as empirically strong as it could have been, and in fact, the descriptive failures of Nazi cancer research are related to the moral failures of Nazis in just the ways we might expect if beliefs are interwoven in web-like fashion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2996", "words": "11049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Reiheld, Alison", "title": "Just Caring for Caregivers: What Society and the State Owe to Those Who Render Care", "date": "2015", "keywords": "agents; caregivers; caregiving; dependency; family; justice; labor; leave; obligations; public; society; state; unpaid; women; work", "summary": "(66) Without changing the basic structures of paid work, including programs that allow paid leave as well as unpaid leave, and for a wider variety of those who often perform unpaid dependency work, caregivers will continue to be vulnerable precisely because they provide care. x to reform the basic structure of paid work so that it does not inherently disadvantage those who perform unpaid dependency work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-2999", "words": "9651", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Almassi, Ben", "title": "Feminist Reclamations of Normative Masculinity: On Democratic Manhood, Feminist Masculinity, and Allyship Practices", "date": "2015", "keywords": "allyship; feminist; gender; hooks; kimmel; manhood; masculinity; men; model; social; women; work", "summary": "So understood, feminist masculinity involves something akin to the awareness Alcoff describes\u2014in this case, involving feminist men acknowledging how men benefit from and are complicit in gender oppression, while celebrating the contributions to undoing oppression that men make and have made.10 I make no claim of masculine double consciousness, however, as I would not mean to suggest something comparable to what Du Bois (2007) describes as the pervasive lived experience of oppressed peoples. Neither proposal provides a viable stance for feminist men without collapsing into androgyny or risking erasure of some men\u2019s and women\u2019s identities and experiences.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3002", "words": "11806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Morris, Justin", "title": "Queer Earth Mothering: Thinking Through the Biological Paradigm of Motherhood", "date": "2015", "keywords": "child; children; earth; earth mothering; feminist; human; motherhood; mothering; nature; new; overall; parent; philosophy; procreation; qem; queer; women; young", "summary": "Feminist theorists with biological children are responsible for some of the most devastating criticisms of BPM and count as the most obvious examples of this possibility. Third, without the distinction, QEM might be construed as a thinly veiled attempt to shame affluent women with biological children.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3005", "words": "5851", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Lehan, Vanessa", "title": "Reducing Stereotype Threat in First-Year Logic Classes", "date": "2015", "keywords": "classes; female; logic; math; philosophy; stereotype; stereotype threat; students; threat; women; year", "summary": "We can reduce stereotype threat in introduction to logic classes by making sure that, when we introduce role models for our students, we concentrate less on \u201cgenius\u201d and \u201cinnate talent\u201d and more on the time and hard work that goes into mathematical and logical discoveries. Reducing Stereotype Threat in First-Year Logic Classes Vanessa Lehan Abstract I examine successful strategies to diminish or eliminate stereotype threat in mathematics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3008", "words": "2959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Gottlieb, Paula; Tirrell, Lynne", "title": "Remembering Claudia Card: Two Tributes", "date": "2015", "keywords": "card; claudia; feminist; life; philosophy; university", "summary": "Remembering Claudia Card: Two Tributes1 Lynne Tirrell and Paula Gottlieb Editor\u2019s note: On behalf of the editors of FPQ, I thank our colleagues for providing us their public addresses at the Celebration of Life of Professor Claudia Falconer Card of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who died on Saturday, September 12, 2015. Remembering Claudia Card Published by Scholarship@Western, 2015 Despite living a brilliant life of the mind, she also loved embodied life; Claudia loved to sing, dance, and play her gorgeous piano.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3011", "words": "15666", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Brown, Matthew J", "title": "Love Slaves and Wonder Women: Radical Feminism and Social Reform in the Psychology of William Moulton Marston", "date": "2016", "keywords": "appetite; brown; comics; emotions; feminist; lepore; love; marston; new; philosophy; psychology; reform; research; role; science; self; stimulus; submission; values; william; william marston; woman; wonder; wonder woman; work", "summary": "However, note that Lepore's book paints a coherent narrative over evidence of inconsistent quality, some of which is based on careful archival research, other parts of which are based on interviews with people who knew the details only second- or 7 Brown: Feminism and Social Reform in the Psychology of William Marston Published by Scholarship@Western, 2016 Some call into question Marston's status as a scientist, but a full look at his academic career makes it clear that he is worth taking seriously. This leading idea clearly follows from his thoroughgoing opposition to a kind of naturalization of the status quo\u2014Marston everywhere opposes the idea that because something is a 11 Brown: Feminism and Social Reform in the Psychology of William Marston Published by Scholarship@Western, 2016 certain way in our society, that it is natural, normal, healthy, or necessary that it be so.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3014", "words": "8387", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Drabek, Matt L", "title": "Pornographic Subordination, Power, and Feminist Alternatives", "date": "2016", "keywords": "causal; content; feminist; gender; langton; material; people; pornography; power; sex; subordination; women", "summary": "I do not think feminist pornography is a panacea for the ills of 10 Eaton in particular distinguishes four categories of remedies to the harms of pornography: criminalization, civil action, state regulation that falls short of bans or criminalization, and moral condemnation (Eaton 2007, 690). Eaton, for instance, distinguishes between inegalitarian pornography and all other types of pornography (non-inegalitarian pornography), defining inegalitarian pornography as \u201csexually explicit representations that as a whole eroticize relations (acts, scenarios, or postures) characterized by gender inequality\u201d (2007, 676).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3017", "words": "5700", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kittay, Eva F", "title": "Two Dogmas of Moral Theory? Comments on Lisa Tessman\u2019s Moral Failure", "date": "2016", "keywords": "failure; master; ought; slave; tessman; theory", "summary": "Comments on Lisa Tessman\u2019s Moral Failure Eva Feder Kittay Abstract In Moral Failure, Lisa Tessman argues against two principles of moral theory, that ought implies can and that normative theory must be action-guiding. Although Tessman provides a trenchant account of how we are thrust into the misfortune of moral failure, often by our very efforts to act morally, and although she shows, through a discussion well-informed by the latest theorizing in ethics, neuroethics, and psychology, how much more moral theory can do than provide action-guiding principles, I argue that the two theses of moral theory that she disputes remain indispensable for ethical theory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3020", "words": "6692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Rivera, Lisa", "title": "Possible Dilemmas Raised by Impossible Moral Requirements", "date": "2016", "keywords": "account; dilemmas; phenomena; reasons; requirements; sense; tessman; theory", "summary": "What makes Tessman\u2019s argument so powerful is that she tackles both of these dilemmas for moral theory holistically and offers a view of moral requirements that squares the moral phenomena with a normative theory that is designed to square with neuropsychology. 5 http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol2/iss1/5 DOI: 10.5206/fpq/2016.1.5 A second dilemma for normative moral theory lies in wait.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3023", "words": "8854", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tessman, Lisa", "title": "Moral Failure \u2014 Response to Critics", "date": "2016", "keywords": "action; cases; failure; judgments; kittay; need; requirements; response; theory", "summary": "Keywords: moral failure, nonideal theory, moral psychology, constructivism, moral demandingness In Moral Failure: On the Impossible Demands of Morality (2015), I argue that there can be situations of unavoidable moral failure, or, put differently, that there can be impossible moral requirements, moral requirements that contravene the principle that \u201cought implies can.\u201d We apprehend impossible moral requirements intuitively, when we grasp both that \u201cI must\u201d and \u201cI can\u2019t.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3026", "words": "282", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Assistants, Student; FPQ, Editors", "title": "Acknowledging our Referees from September 2014 through June 2016", "date": "2016", "keywords": "fpq; june; referees; september", "summary": "Kate McGowan Jose Medina Letitia Meynell Amy Mullin Julinna Oxley Shelley Park Gaile Pohlhaus Linda Radzik Kristin Rodier Phyllis Rooney Jennifer Saul Laurie J. Shrage Daniel Silvermint Lissa Skitolsky James Sterba Shari Stone-Mediatore Shannon Sullivan Erin Tarver Chlo\u00eb Taylor Lisa Tessman Laurence Thomas Lynne Tirrell Joan Tronto Maura Tumulty Georgia Warnke Lori Watson Rivka Weinberg Shay Welch Shannon Winnubst Catherine Womack George Yancy 1 Assistants and FPQ: Acknowledging Referees Published by Scholarship@Western, 2016 Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 2016 Acknowledging our Referees from September 2014 through June 2016 Student Assistants Editors FPQ Recommended Citation Acknowledging our Referees from September 2014 through June 2016 Acknowledging our Referees from September 2014 through June 2016 Feminist Philosophy Quarterly Volume 2 Issue 1 Spring/Summer 2016 Article 7 2016", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3029", "words": "10402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Emerick, Barrett", "title": "Love and Resistance: Moral Solidarity in the Face of Perceptual Failure", "date": "2016", "keywords": "anger; beliefs; disappointment; love; oppression; philosophy; resistance; solidarity; way; work", "summary": "I argue that loving others means meeting them where they are and working to understand the role that oppressive ideologies, coupled with cognitive biases, play in generating and entrenching their problematic mental states. Loving Others and Helping Them to Grow Loving others involves not accepting them as they are and saying that they never need to change8; that is anathema to Baldwin\u2019s claim, and as I have argued, avoids creating the epistemic and affective friction necessary for them to grow.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3032", "words": "9902", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Lockard, Claire A", "title": "Unhappy Confessions: The Temptation of Admitting to White Privilege", "date": "2016", "keywords": "admissions; ahmed; anti; people; privilege; racism; sullivan; unhappy; white", "summary": "These declarations can be thought of as Foucauldian confessions; they make white people feel as though they have purified and transformed their core selves, which is why they/we think the statements work to combat racism or privilege.3 I conclude by suggesting that a better understanding of the unconscious habits of white privilege that tempt us toward confession can actually offer white people a more productive way forward than our confessions of privilege. 2 http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol2/iss2/2 DOI: 10.5206/fpq/2016.2.2 For Ahmed, these admissions allow white people to avoid engaging with their/our racism and white privilege while also reinforcing this racism and white privilege.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3035", "words": "11236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Blankschaen, Kurt M", "title": "Allied Identities", "date": "2016", "keywords": "allies; ally; community; doi; gay; help; john; lgbt; marriage; obligations; people; rights; status; support; tasks", "summary": "Though we don\u2019t often enumerate what tasks we expect allies to do, a fairly common conception is that allies \u201csupport the LGBT community.\u201d I then develop a positive account by starting with whom allies are allied to instead of what allies are supposed to do.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3038", "words": "2128", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Mudde, Anna", "title": "Introduction to The Challenge of Epistemic Responsibility: Essays in Honour of Lorraine Code", "date": "2016", "keywords": "code; feminist; responsibility; work", "summary": "Turning to Code\u2019s thinking about the ways the credibility of a knower\u2019s testimony is shaped by social imaginaries, and the ensuing challenge of and need for dialogical advocacy work (that is, the work of thinking across differences and articulating knowledge not yet 3 Mudde: Introduction to Essays in Honour of Lorraine Code Published by Scholarship@Western, 2016 part of the/a social imaginary), Maloney draws out the connections between testimony, advocacy, and autonomy in Code\u2019s Ecological Thinking (2006). The papers in this Symposium cast Code\u2019s concept of epistemic responsibility as a uniquely feminist contribution to thinking about subjectivity, agency, and power, and as an early and persistent antidote to debates that continue in social epistemology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3041", "words": "7369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Koggel, Christine M.", "title": "The Epistemological and the Moral/Political in Epistemic Responsibility: Beginnings and Reworkings in Lorraine Code\u2019s Work", "date": "2016", "keywords": "code; ethics; feminist; knowledge; responsibility; theory; virtue; work; world", "summary": "Epistemic Responsibility: Virtue Ethics and the Beginnings of Relational Theory The virtue ethics framework that Code adopts in Epistemic Responsibility ties knowing well to being virtuous\u2014with others and in a community of knowers. Second, Epistemic Responsibility is a much more sustained and explicit examination of moral theory and, in particular, of virtue ethics than Code\u2019s later work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3044", "words": "5930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Dieleman, Susan", "title": "Responsibilism and the Analytic-Sociological Debate in Social Epistemology", "date": "2016", "keywords": "code; debate; epistemology; feminist; goldman; knowledge; responsibility; social; virtue", "summary": "Social epistemology, in this respect, is much like other fields, and is the focus of this paper. The first is to show that the debate between analytic and sociological versions of social epistemology is overly simplistic and doesn\u2019t take into account additional positions that are available and, indeed, have been available since social epistemology was (re)introduced in the mid to late 1980s.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3047", "words": "5749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Maloney, Catherine", "title": "From Epistemic Responsibility to Ecological Thinking: The Importance of Advocacy for Epistemic Community", "date": "2016", "keywords": "advocacy; code; community; knowing; responsibility; thinking; understanding; work", "summary": "Code writes that advocacy practices work to get at truths operating imperceptibly, implicitly, below the surface of the assumed self-transparency of evidence. Revisiting and building on the notion of epistemic responsibility in her 2006 book Ecological Thinking: The Politics of Epistemic Location, Code suggests that while her earlier work was sound in its basic assumptions, it relied on \u201can excessively benign conception of community, imagined without contest to provide space for and uniform access to debate\u201d (2006, vii).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3050", "words": "7268", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Shotwell, Alexis", "title": "Fierce Love: What We Can Learn about Epistemic Responsibility from Histories of AIDS Advocacy", "date": "2016", "keywords": "aids; code; drug; hiv; knowledge; living; people; responsibility; shotwell; work", "summary": "Partially for pragmatic reasons about coalitional political work with other \u201cdisease groups,\u201d as they were called, but also perhaps for other reasons, AIDS activists refused the easier deal that would have secured funding for AIDS drugs only. So, as soon as they got re-elected, the first thing that the new Minister of Health did was to announce that the EDRP would be open for a number of experimental AIDS drugs, and then it got expanded.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3053", "words": "3620", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Code, Lorraine", "title": "Knowing Responsibly, Thinking Ecologically: Response to Panelists", "date": "2016", "keywords": "epistemology; feminist; knowing; philosophy; responsibility; social; thinking", "summary": "Article 9. doi:10.5206/fpq/2016.2.9. Knowing Responsibly, Thinking Ecologically Lorraine Code By way of background though not by way of dissembling, I have to note that it was difficult to find a publisher for Epistemic Responsibility in the late 1980s. So many things come to mind in response to these so fine essays: oddly, for example, before reading Christine Koggel\u2019s splendid analysis, I had forgotten that Kant figured so prominently both in my \u2018everyday\u2019 philosophical thinking then, and in writing Epistemic Responsibility.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3056", "words": "10458", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Khader, Serene J", "title": "Transnational Feminisms, Nonideal Theory, and \u201cOther\u201d Women\u2019s Power", "date": "2017", "keywords": "cultural; culture; feminist; forms; gender; ideal; justice; power; practices; questions; theory; western; women", "summary": "Western feminists \u201calready know\u201d that \u201cother\u201d cultures oppress women more than Western culture and so assign particular weight to data that would confirm this. If the genesis of normative ideals that associate Western culture with gender justice is not up for discussion, Western feminists may not only make arbitrary ethnocentric judgments; they may not even realize they are doing it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3059", "words": "12355", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Phelan, Kate M", "title": "Is Feminism Yet a Theory of the Kind That Marxism Is?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "feminism; labour; mackinnon; marxism; men; sex; sexuality; theory; value; women; work", "summary": "Hence, sex as conquest, as suggested by the fact that to have sex is for men to \u201chave\u201d women, which is to say, for men to possess women, for men to make women men\u2019s own, which is for men to get dominance over them.8 While MacKinnon argues that a sex act is just an act in which men get dominance, she does not explain exactly what getting dominance involves. It makes sense of, for instance, why persons are socially divided into two groups, man and woman, why the word sex refers to both the categories male and female and the sex act, why virility is the measure of manhood, why women are seen as, indeed are, masochistic, why sexual intercourse, the paradigmatic sex act, takes the form of penetration, why rape is rarely seen as such.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3062", "words": "14515", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Heiner, Brady T; Tyson, Sarah K", "title": "Feminism and the Carceral State: Gender-Responsive Justice, Community Accountability, and the Epistemology of Antiviolence", "date": "2017", "keywords": "accountability; antiviolence; carceral; change; community; feminist; gender; grj; heiner; incarceration; justice; kim; movement; new; order; philosophy; press; prison; process; processes; state; tyson; university; violence; women; work", "summary": "In the words of community accountability theorists, incarceration has effected an epistemic occupation such that many of us encounter profound difficulty imagining and conceptualizing the redress and prevention of violence (including state violence) without recourse to the heteropatriarchal violence of the state (Durazo et al. 2012b, 2; see also Brown 1992; Brown and Halley 2002; Kim 2015; Richie 2012, 88\u201389; Smith 2012, 41). Recent feminist scholarship has articulated the multiple ways in which feminist movements\u2014including, if not especially, feminist antiviolence work\u2014have been complicit in the build-up of mass incarceration and the proliferation of state violence (e.g., Bevacqua 2000, Gottschalk 2006, Kim 2015; Richie 2012).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3065", "words": "10379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Baehr, Amy R", "title": "A Capacious Account of Liberal Feminism", "date": "2017", "keywords": "account; arrangements; doctrines; feminist; ideal; justice; philosophy; society; state; structure; workings", "summary": "As I suggest in section 3.1, when liberal feminist doctrines propose measures to secure liberal feminist justice, it is often not clear whether they mean to propose remedial measures to bring society closer to a fully just liberal feminist society or to describe that fully just society itself. This section explores the capacious account\u2019s definition by showing what sorts of doctrines it sweeps into the family of liberal feminist doctrines.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3068", "words": "1410", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Watson, Lori", "title": "Introduction: Symposium on Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, Twenty-Five Years Later", "date": "2017", "keywords": "feminist; mackinnon; symposium; theory", "summary": "Later Lori Watson First, I would like to thank the editors of Feminist Philosophy Quarterly for agreeing to publish this symposium and allowing me to guest edit it. The papers collected here, along with Catharine A. MacKinnon\u2019s response to them, grew out of a book symposium on Toward held at the Pacific Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association in the spring of 2015.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3071", "words": "9053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Nenadic, Natalie", "title": "Catharine MacKinnon, Feminism, and Continental Philosophy: Comments on Toward a Feminist Theory of the State\u2014Twenty-Five Years Later", "date": "2017", "keywords": "continental; feminist; heidegger; mackinnon; nenadic; new; philosophy; theory; thought; way; women; work; world", "summary": "Keywords: MacKinnon, feminism, Heidegger, continental philosophy, sexual violence Introduction It\u2019s a pleasure and an honor to comment on and celebrate Catharine MacKinnon\u2019s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (TFTS).1 I first read this book shortly after it was published twenty-five years ago and have returned to it on numerous occasions, with every reading revealing another layer of depth and 1 I presented a version of this paper at the Pacific Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association (April 1\u20134, 2015), on a panel marking the twenty-fifth anniversary of the publication of Catharine MacKinnon\u2019s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989). Catharine MacKinnon, Feminism, and Continental Philosophy: Comments on Toward a Feminist Theory of the State\u2014Twenty-Five Years Later Natalie Nenadic Abstract Catharine MacKinnon\u2019s feminist work on sexual abuse and violence has had a major impact on law and on policy in the United States and internationally.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3074", "words": "4922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Brison, Susan J.", "title": "'We Must Find Words or Burn': Speaking Out against Disciplinary Silencing", "date": "2017", "keywords": "burn; feminist; mackinnon; philosophy; theory; women; words", "summary": "Gender, in other words, is lived as ontology, not as epistemology. So, as MacKinnon has discussed, when Justice Potter Stewart says, of legally proscribable obscenity, \u201cI know it when I see it\u201d\u2014and then asserts, of the film in question, that this isn\u2019t it\u2014what he says goes, because he has the power to make his perspective the truth about the law, or, in other words, he has the ability to make the world conform to the way he sees it (1989, 195\u2013214).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3077", "words": "6735", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Ru\u00edz, Elena; Dotson, Kristie", "title": "On the Politics of Coalition", "date": "2017", "keywords": "coalition; color; feminisms; feminist; gender; mackinnon; politics; power; state; theory; women", "summary": "In the wake of continued structural asymmetries between women of color and white feminisms, this essay revisits intersectional tensions in Catharine MacKinnon\u2019s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State while exploring productive spaces of coalition. Keywords: women-of-color feminisms, intersectionality, Catherine MacKinnon, coalitional theory Historically, the discourse of allyship has been marked by asymmetrical conditions of exchange that ask women of color to work within the political projects of white feminism, even to have our difference recognized as such.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3080", "words": "9822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Chambers, Clare", "title": "Judging Women: Twenty-Five Years Further Toward a Feminist Theory of the State", "date": "2017", "keywords": "biology; female; feminist; judging; judgment; mackinnon; male; people; question; sex; theory; women", "summary": "21 Chambers: Judging Women Published by Scholarship@Western, 2017 Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 2017 Judging Women: Twenty-Five Years Further Toward a Feminist Theory of the State Clare Chambers Recommended Citation Judging Women: Twenty-Five Years Further Toward a Feminist Theory of the State 3 Issue 2 Symposium on Catharine A. MacKinnon\u2019s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State Article 5 2017 Judging Women: Twenty-Five Years Further Toward a Feminist Theory of the State Clare Chambers cec66@cam.ac.uk Recommended Citation Chambers, Clare. 2017.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3083", "words": "8776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "MacKinnon, Catharine A", "title": "Response to Five Philosophers: Toward a Feminist Theory of the State Some Decades Later", "date": "2017", "keywords": "chambers; feminist; law; mackinnon; philosophers; philosophy; power; question; reality; sex; state; theory; women; work", "summary": "The examples she cites that consider women criticizing other women\u2019s parenting styles as just as dangerous as the sexualization of children, or women judging other women as a plague worse than Donald Trump, have lost any sense of reality. Women, a social status, includes transwomen because in the system of male dominance, they are seen and treated as women, coupled with gendered subordination based on their trans-status when visible or known.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3086", "words": "10399", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Romdenh-Romluc, Komarine", "title": "Hermeneutical Injustice and the Problem of Authority", "date": "2017", "keywords": "authority; cases; culture; experience; fricker; group; injustice; problem; resources; understanding; way; world", "summary": "Keywords: hermeneutical injustice, cultural relativity, dialogue Introduction Miranda Fricker (2008) identifies a wrong she calls \u2018hermeneutical injustice.\u2019 Fricker characterizes hermeneutical injustice as involving a lack of concepts, on the part of the disadvantaged group, to capture some important aspect of their experience.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3089", "words": "9334", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Rudow-Abouharb, L Brooke", "title": "Dismantling Purity: Toward a Feminist Curdling of Hawaiian Identity", "date": "2017", "keywords": "blood; haole; hawaiian; identity; kanaka; kauanui; land; maoli; nation; purity; race; white; women", "summary": "By redefining Hawaiian identity in order to more easily acquire Hawaiian lands, the haole was set up nicely to remain dominant in a fragmented society, creating a vast divide between \u201cnative\u201d Hawaiians and those \u201cfor all intents and purposes\u201d-but-just-not-quite whites. Through the combination of the rapidly declining Kanaka Maoli population, powerful missionaries, and the strategic positioning of haole businessmen in the Hawaiian government, US interests were increasingly served by new laws regulating the sale of Hawaiian land which almost exclusively benefited American-owned sugar plantations (Silva 2004, 39\u201343).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3092", "words": "9156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Ciurria, Michelle", "title": "Objectivity, Diversity, and Uptake: On the Status of Women in Philosophy", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bias; biases; conditions; diversity; feminist; group; harding; knowledge; objectivity; people; philosophy; research; uptake; value; women; work", "summary": "Keywords: feminist philosophy; standpoint epistemology; objectivity; diversity; uptake; implicit bias 1. But not all values are equally justified: we need a way to discriminate between productive values and unproductive ones (such as implicit biases based on someone\u2019s demographic attributes).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3095", "words": "10535", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Wolfe, Katharine L.", "title": "Are Second Person Needs \u2018Burdened Virtues\u2019?: Exploring the Risks and Rewards of Caring", "date": "2017", "keywords": "care; flourishing; good; life; needs; person; person needs; sensitivity; suffering; tessman; virtue; vulnerability", "summary": "The need to care for others is one such ethically obligating need, a need we all share as second persons. This paper argues that being second persons means having a unique set of vulnerabilities and, among these vulnerabilities, a distinctive set of needs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3098", "words": "10755", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Yap, Audrey S", "title": "Credibility Excess and the Social Imaginary in Cases of Sexual Assault", "date": "2017", "keywords": "assault; cases; credibility; example; excess; fact; injustice; people; perpetrators; philosophy; rape; rapists; stories; story; victims", "summary": "But these stories are not in fact representative of sexual assaults in North America, even though our understanding of what constitutes sexual assault is in part constituted by paradigm cases such as these, which are prevalent in the social imaginary. I will use these points to argue that we should look closer at sources of credibility excess in cases of sexual assault.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3101", "words": "10240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Sidzinska, Maja", "title": "Not One, Not Two: Toward an Ontology of Pregnancy", "date": "2017", "keywords": "account; condition; dupr\u00e9; ontology; organism; phenomenon; philosophy; pregnancy; pregnant; subject; tyler", "summary": "Does Bapteste and Dupr\u00e9\u2019s processual ontological account accommodate pregnant organisms, including pregnant subjects? How can we attempt to represent pregnant organisms in general?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3104", "words": "11050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Irvin, Sherri", "title": "Resisting Body Oppression: An Aesthetic Approach", "date": "2017", "keywords": "aesthetics; art; attractiveness; bodies; body; experience; exploration; irvin; judgments; nature; oppression; oxford; people; philosophy; practice; relation; standards; university", "summary": "But other aesthetic practices are available to us. Instead, I will argue we should choose to cultivate a specific kind of aesthetic practice, one that does not involve assessing bodies in relation to standards that are derived either from natural response tendencies or from culture or convention.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3107", "words": "11324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lockard, Claire A; Meskhidze, Helen; Wilson, Sean; Batchelor, Nim; Bloch-Schulman, Stephen; Cahill, Ann J", "title": "Using Focus Groups to Explore the Underrepresentation of Female-Identified Undergraduate Students in Philosophy", "date": "2017", "keywords": "class; classes; department; female; focus; growth; mindset; participants; philosophy; philosophy class; students; underrepresentation; university", "summary": "In one of these instances, a student mentioned her professor\u2019s comment that she \u201chad a knack\u201d for philosophy and that she should keep taking philosophy classes. The knowledge students did have about philosophy classes at Elon came from their friends who had taken philosophy before and had had positive experiences.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3110", "words": "22875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Bhandary, Asha L", "title": "The Arrow of Care Map: Abstract Care in Ideal Theory", "date": "2017", "keywords": "arrangements; arrow; care; care map; care needs; caregiving; dependency care; feminist; ideal; justice; labor; needs; philosophy; society; theory", "summary": "This framework, which I call the arrow of care map, is a descriptive tracking model that is a necessary component of a theory of justice, but it is not a normative prescription in itself. In this way, the idea of the arrow of care map serves as a conceptual frame with which to identify societies\u2019 caregiving arrangements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3113", "words": "8857", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Baber, H. E.", "title": "Is Utilitarianism Bad for Women?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "account; affairs; conditions; desire; life; nussbaum; preference; utilitarianism; women", "summary": "If well-being is understood as preference satisfaction, it is easy to see why poor women in the Global South are badly off: even if they do not desire more favorable conditions, they nevertheless prefer them, and that preference is not satisfied. Utilitarianism, therefore, insofar as utility is understood as preference satisfaction, is good for women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3116", "words": "16231", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Varden, Helga", "title": "Kant on Sex. Reconsidered. -- A Kantian account of sexuality: sexual love, sexual identity, and sexual orientation", "date": "2018", "keywords": "account; beings; good; human; kant; kantian; love; marriage; nature; philosophy; self; sexual; sexuality; varden; way; ways", "summary": "Rather what we have a duty to do in these regards\u2014what Kant calls the \u201cduty of apathy\u201d (6: 408)\u2014is to be able to be around strong affects and emotions without immediately acting on them and generally not simply to live our lives as dictated by our affects.12 Moreover, growing in these emotional and moral ways is obviously not an end- project; being engaged in it, becoming better at it, challenging oneself not only to 11 Relatedly, in the second Critique Kant clarifies that rational self-love \u201cmerely infringes upon [animalistic] self-love, inasmuch as it only restricts it, as natural and active in us even prior to the moral law\u201d (Kant 1996a, CPrR 5: 73). Part 2 (\u201cReconsidering Kant on Sex\u201d) develops important elements of Kant\u2019s own account, arguing that a more plausible account of morally justifiable, emotionally healthy human sexuality that encompasses also the sexual identities and orientations of LGBTQIA can be found without abandoning Kant\u2019s basic philosophical framework.3 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3119", "words": "6520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Apostolova, Iva; Gauthier-Mamaril, Elaina", "title": "Care and the Self: A Philosophical Perspective on Constructing Active Masculinities", "date": "2018", "keywords": "care; connell; ethics; feminist; gender; masculinities; masculinity; ricoeur; self; tronto", "summary": "But before we get there, we need to shed more light on what we mean by the relational self, since it will be the relational self that acts as a springboard for caring masculinities. Since care structure is intimately linked to recognizing and catering to the needs of groups and individuals in a unique way, as opposed to a standardized way, it is paramount that the complex\u2014and often fraught with ambiguity and vagueness\u2014discourse of determining needs (as opposed to, or in conjunction with, wants) is taken seriously.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3122", "words": "11722", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Huseyinzadegan, Dilek", "title": "For What Can the Kantian Feminist Hope? Constructive Complicity in Appropriations of the Canon", "date": "2018", "keywords": "claims; complicity; feminist; hope; kant; kantian; kantianism; philosophical; philosophy; press; problems; racism; university; work", "summary": "The distinction between pre-critical and critical works of Kant is so pervasive in mainstream Kant scholarship that it is impossible to cite all those who maintain it; one may refer to the series which contain the complete English language edition of Kant\u2019s works, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, edited by Paul Guyer and Allen Wood (Cambridge University Press, 1995 \u2013 present). For these reasons, tackling these problems in the context of Kant scholarship should also be a feminist concern.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3125", "words": "13023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Zheng, Robin", "title": "Bias, Structure, and Injustice: A Reply to Haslanger", "date": "2018", "keywords": "accountability; action; agency; agent; attributability; bias; feminist; habitus; haslanger; individuals; injustice; organizing; person; philosophy; responsibility; social; structure", "summary": "I argue that questions of individual responsibility and implicit bias, properly understood, do constitute an important part of addressing structural injustice, and I propose an alternative conception of social structure according to which implicit biases are themselves best understood as a special type of structure. Indeed, Haslanger herself acknowledges a number of practical advantages of discussing implicit bias, including as a starting point for discussion (because we all have biases), as a site for moral improvement, and as an explanation for the intractability of social injustice (2015, 12).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3479", "words": "9490", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Draz, Marie", "title": "Burning it in? Nietzsche, Gender, and Externalized Memory", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bathroom; body; data; feminist; forgetting; gender; identity; memory; nietzsche; past; press; sex; state; university; way; work", "summary": "To the contrary, he positively marks the ability to enact what one promises as a sign of a sovereign individual; this sovereignty is held up as the \u201cripest fruit\u201d of this process, or as at least one possible outcome of such memory work (Nietzsche 1989, 59). Keywords: Nietzsche, memory, forgetting, gender, feminism, transgender, identity documents, sex-segregated bathrooms \u201cFeminist work is often memory work.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3482", "words": "10949", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Wesch, Samantha N", "title": "Resisting Ilsa: Foucaultian Ethics and the Sexualization of Nazism", "date": "2018", "keywords": "ethics; evil; fascism; foucault; good; hitler; ilsa; logic; media; nazism; new; philosophy; power; representations; sexuality; truth; vol; wesch; york", "summary": "Both the sover- eign \u201cblood right\u201d to rule and biopower\u2019s claim for \u201cthe greater good\u201d are blended 10 Foucault speaks directly of his encounters with Nazi power while writing about Spain under the Franco dictatorship (Foucault 1994, 775). Such atrocity brought forth from evil intention and exploitation of the desperate usually invokes compassion and mourning, yet the conflation of \u201csexy\u201d and German fascism is so pervasive in Western media it has become mundane, and even considered an actual quality of historical Nazism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3485", "words": "3438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Heyes, Cressida J", "title": "Dislocation and Self-Certainty: Remarks on Disorientation and Moral Life", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; certainty; disorientation; harbin; philosophy; self; value", "summary": "The kinds of commonplace unmoorings caused by having a child, getting sick, ending a relationship, coming out (or becoming queerer), bereavement, and so on, are not just wobbles on an otherwise straight course toward moral certainty; the very dislocations they provoke have moral value. When one is being gaslighted in a philosophy department, one craves moral certainty.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3488", "words": "3006", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Rutland, Ted", "title": "Disoriented Life: A Review of Ami Harbin, Disorientation and Moral Life", "date": "2018", "keywords": "book; disorientation; harbin; life; moments", "summary": "Thinking about my experience in the reading group, for example, I notice something more about the pushes and pulls of white self- identification, including the tricky ways that white people\u2019s necessary criticism of whiteness, white actions, or white supremacy can unwittingly perform a kind of dis- identification with whiteness\u2014an implicit suggestion that the problem lies else- where, among other white people. It was the same kind of moments that I found most interesting when the book touches on political actions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3491", "words": "3977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Ben-Moshe, Liat", "title": "Dis-orientation, dis-epistemology and abolition", "date": "2018", "keywords": "abolition; dis; disorientation; epistemology; harbin; knowing; knowledge; new", "summary": "But carceral abolition is 5 Ben-Moshe: Dis-orientation, dis-epistemology and abolition Published by Scholarship@Western, 2018 also (and some abolitionists might say more importantly) about ridding ourselves of carceral logics. These are some of the questions that Ami Harbin\u2019s Disorientation and Moral Life brought up for me and which I explore below, using prison abolition as one brief example.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3494", "words": "3021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Harbin, Ami", "title": "Response to commentaries on Disorientation and Moral Life", "date": "2018", "keywords": "commentaries; contexts; disorientation; life; philosophy", "summary": "I argue for attention to the disorienting aspects of prison abolition, the use of disorientations in improving the context of academic philosophy, and the importance of moments of disorientation in white anti-racist work and social justice organizing. Agents are fundamentally disorientable\u2014even if one is not disoriented by one thing (e.g., a charge of bias), one still might be disoriented by other things (e.g., being diagnosed with an illness, or facing grief), and disorientations can have morally beneficial effects beyond just the realm within which they occur\u2014the tenderizing effects of disorientation in one\u2019s personal life may have beneficial effects in one\u2019s professional life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-3522", "words": "3919", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Schwartzman, Lisa H", "title": "Action-Guidance, Oppression, and Nonideal Theory", "date": "2016", "keywords": "action; ideal; nonideal; oppression; theorists; theory", "summary": "Keywords: ideal theory, nonideal theory, Rawls, oppression, idealization, action- guidance I. Introduction In Moral Failure: On the Impossible Demands of Morality, Lisa Tessman (2015) offers a brilliant and thought-provoking analysis of the problem of moral failure. Action-Guidance, Oppression, and Nonideal Theory Lisa Schwartzman Abstract Lisa Tessman\u2019s Moral Failure: On the Impossible Demands of Morality raises important questions about ideal theory, oppression, and the role of action-guidance in normative philosophy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5418", "words": "10380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Walsh, Joseph", "title": "Caregiving and the Abuse of Power", "date": "2019", "keywords": "abuse; care; caregiving; carers; caring; example; exercise; life; power; use; values", "summary": "4.1 Caring Values One of the values which guides any form of caregiving is that of the quality of life of the cared-for. So far, we have seen that the risk of abusing one\u2019s power over a cared-for does not stem merely from the possession of such power.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5424", "words": "10982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Ramsoomair, Nicole", "title": "Uneven Epithets: A Case for an Extension of Shiffrin\u2019s Thinker-Based Approach", "date": "2019", "keywords": "approach; case; development; environment; expression; harms; regulation; scholarship@western; self; shiffrin; speech; thinker; value", "summary": "I will extend her argument to show that, rather than promoting autonomous mental development, derogatory speech may be detrimental to the interests of the thinker despite the fact that such speech is protected on her account. If derogatory speech can be shown to have similar debilitating effects on the discursive environment, then regulation of such speech may too be warranted by appeal to these broader interests of the thinker.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5433", "words": "10312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Koukal, D. R.", "title": "Precarious Embodiment: Unwanted Pregnancy and Bodysubject Interruptus", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bodies; body; bodysubject; bodysubjectivity; diprose; embodiment; experience; level; new; philosophy; pregnancy; scholarship@western; sense; way; women; world", "summary": "Such judgments make such bodies \u201cproblematic,\u201d with concern shifting from that of the bodysubject to the fetus and the fetus alone. Animated by consciousness, they move toward beckoning horizons, gesturing toward and orienting themselves in relation to things, spaces, situations, and other subjects with bodies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5772", "words": "14524", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tirrell, Lynne", "title": "Authority and Gender: Flipping the F-Switch", "date": "2018", "keywords": "acts; authority; entrance; expertise; game; gender; index; language; master; moves; philosophy; powers; practices; scholarship@western; speaker; speech; switch; uptake; women", "summary": "After examining both legitimate and illegitimate challenges to speaker authority, I argue that the F-switch should not be construed as a sub-switch on the speaker-item on the index, making only minor changes in play, but rather as a master switch that ranges across the entire index, changing the very game. Successful speech acts require speaker authority and discursive action to match within an appropriate domain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5775", "words": "10146", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Sertler, Ezgi", "title": "The Institution of Gender-Based Asylum and Epistemic Injustice: A Structural Limit", "date": "2018", "keywords": "applicants; asylum; board; comfort; country; gender; injustice; institution; migration; protection; refugee; resources; wikstr\u00f6m", "summary": "This national order of things, for example, is reflected in the arguments made by opponents to gender asylum. Within this context, Wikstr\u00f6m suggests, \u201casylum assessments largely rest on credibility assessments,\u201d which leads to the argument that asylum applicants suffer from testimonial injustice (Wikstr\u00f6m 2014, 210).11 Testimonial injustice, for Miranda Fricker, \u201coccurs when prejudice causes a hearer to give a deflated level of credibility to a speaker\u2019s word\u201d (Fricker 2007, 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5778", "words": "14607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Dean, Megan", "title": "Eating Identities, \u201cUnhealthy\u201d Eaters, and Damaged Agency", "date": "2018", "keywords": "actions; agency; control; control narrative; eaters; eating; environment; fat; feminist; food; health; identities; identity; model; narrative; obesity; people; scholarship@western; self; values; ways", "summary": "In response to the failures of traditional approaches to solving the \u201cobesity crisis\u201d (Hill and Peters 1998; Egger and Swinburn 1997), an environmental model of eating agency was developed in the 1990s. There are two key ways that contemporary environments compromise eating agency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5781", "words": "9107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Randall, Thomas E.", "title": "Values in Good Caring Relations", "date": "2018", "keywords": "attentiveness; care; caring; ethics; good; needs; practices; relations; responsiveness; values", "summary": "Relations, and their surrounding institutional context, can be criticized and called for modification when they become \u201cdominating, exploitative, mistrustful, or hostile\u201d, precisely because they undermine caring values and therefore the possibility for good caring relations (Held 2006, 37). Held\u2019s method for deriving caring values follows a process of reflective equilibrium, applied in the following way.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5784", "words": "11486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Vince, Rosa", "title": "Testimonial Smothering and Pornography: Silencing Refusing Sex and Reporting Assault", "date": "2018", "keywords": "assault; case; dotson; ignorance; incompetence; myths; pornography; rape; refusal; sex; silencing; smothering; testimony; women", "summary": "18 I am aware that not all rape victims are women, but seeing as this is a paper about women\u2019s silencing, and women represent upwards of 90% of rape victims, I will continue talking about women rape victims. New stories appear on the When Women Refuse page every day, and 20% of women in one study had consented to sex because when they refused in the past their current partner had assaulted them (Basile 1999, 1050).36", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-5898", "words": "6677", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Cull, Matthew J", "title": "Against Abolition", "date": "2019", "keywords": "abolition; abolitionism; category; feminist; gender; ideal; people; society; trans; women", "summary": "Positions that attempt to undermine the political significance of gender in one way or another, whilst maintaining the existence of gender categories for identification or other uses, are, to my mind, mislabelled when called abolitionist. Whilst the gender nihilist view of gender does not insist on merely two genders arranged hierarchically, but rather a number of different genders linked by diffing power relations, it does insist that power, and therefore harms, are conceptually linked to the existence of gender categories.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6210", "words": "13907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pascoe, Jordan", "title": "On Finding Yourself in a State of Nature: A Kantian Account of Abortion and Voluntary Motherhood", "date": "2019", "keywords": "abortion; body; child; consent; fetus; freedom; kant; law; nature; philosophy; pregnancy; right; sex; state; women", "summary": "Third, I explore Kant\u2019s treatment of the infanticidal mother and draw out the parallels between this case and contemporary abortion rights in order to develop a distinctly Kantian framework of reproductive rights in non-ideal conditions. Under this framework, both the viability standard and fetal protection laws must be rejected, and the right to an abortion at any state of pregnancy must be a legally protected feature of innate right, which makes the exercise of other rights possible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6227", "words": "1482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Giladi, Paul; McMillan, Nicola", "title": "Introduction: Epistemic Injustice and Recognition Theory", "date": "2018", "keywords": "injustice; philosophy; recognition; theory", "summary": "The development and sustaining of generic epistemic peerage amounts to the realisation of the virtues of the spirit of epistemic recognition. For Fricker, the inherently cooperative ethos of mutual epistemic recognition is a creative resource for many different kinds of virtuous epistemic enterprise.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6228", "words": "12234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Congdon, Matthew", "title": "\u201cKnower\u201d as an Ethical Concept: From Epistemic Agency to Mutual Recognition", "date": "2018", "keywords": "cambridge; concept; form; fricker; honneth; knower; life; perception; philosophy; press; recognition; scholarship@western; self; sense; university", "summary": "In order to give the idea of epistemic recognition some determinacy, I want to develop three basic types of epistemic recognition along with corresponding types of epistemic recognition failure. Once we have elaborated these three sorts of epistemic recognition, we can see a set of corresponding types of epistemic recognition failures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6229", "words": "10859", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Cook, Anna", "title": "Recognizing Settler Ignorance in the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission", "date": "2018", "keywords": "canada; canadian; colonial; colonialism; ignorance; knowledge; past; recognition; reconciliation; schools; settler; settler colonialism; settler ignorance; state; trc; truth; violence; white", "summary": "In order to explain an account of settler ignorance, I expand Charles Mills\u2019s account of white ignorance to a consideration of white settler ignorance. This is settler ignorance at work, habitually invoking settler colonialism in a manner that blurs the line between past and present, and further reinscribing the practices of present-day settler violence and dispossession.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6230", "words": "10283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Doan, Michael", "title": "Resisting Structural Epistemic Injustice", "date": "2018", "keywords": "credibility; doan; fricker; injustice; norms; power; practices; recognition; relations; scholarship@western; self; struggles; theory; water", "summary": "To begin with, in order to conceptualize the statewide struggle for clean, safe, affordable water as, in part, a struggle for epistemic recognition and self- determination, a theory of epistemic injustice needs to at least acknowledge the agency of victims in abusive epistemic relations, such as relations between government officials and city residents. The status model of epistemic recognition locates the fundamental wrong of epistemic injustice in social relations and institutions, rather than in individual or interpersonal psychology, without thereby denying the importance of healing and redressing the psychological suffering and incapacitation produced through various forms of social hierarchy and domination.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6231", "words": "8769", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Jackson, Debra L.", "title": "\u201cMe Too\u201d: Epistemic Injustice and the Struggle for Recognition", "date": "2018", "keywords": "assault; experiences; feminist; harassment; injustice; metoo; philosophy; rape; recognition; scholarship@western; self; struggle; testimony; victims; women", "summary": "Concerns about false allegations and the threat of retaliation for speaking up have long afflicted victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault, shaping the rhetorical spaces in which victim testimonies are expressed (or not expressed, as in the case of testimonial smothering) and heard (or not heard as in the case of testimonial quieting). I offer the #MeToo movement as a case study to demonstrate how the process of mutual recognition makes visible and helps overcome the epistemic injustice suffered by victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6232", "words": "10083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Lobb, Andrea", "title": "\u201cPrediscursive Epistemic Injury\u201d: Recognizing Another Form of Epistemic Injustice?", "date": "2018", "keywords": "case; feminist; form; fricker; harm; honneth; injury; injustice; knower; knowledge; philosophy; recognition; scholarship@western; subject", "summary": "Precisely because epistemic recognition can be \u201cattributive,\u201d it can also be actively \u201cdetractive,\u201d stripping away from the knowing subject capacities she might otherwise have had. In other words, when testimonial injustice operates, speech may get \u201cheard\u201d perceptually but not socially.12 Such cycles of respective deflation and inflation of credibility in the realm of public and professional esteem can be tracked at all levels, including at the highest level of epistemic recognition (right up 11", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6233", "words": "7093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Medina, Jos\u00e9", "title": "Misrecognition and Epistemic Injustice", "date": "2018", "keywords": "communication; images; injustice; king; lynching; misrecognition; narrative; people; recognition; violence", "summary": "I distinguish between two different kinds of recognition deficiency\u2014 quantitative recognition deficits and misrecognitions\u2014and I ague that while the rectification of the former simply requires more recognition, the rectification of the latter calls for a shift in the mode of recognition, that is, a deep transformation of the recognition dynamics so that other forms of recognition can emerge. When we encounter quantitative recognition deficits, what is needed is more recognition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6234", "words": "10307", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Richardson-Self, Louise", "title": "Offending White Men: Racial Vilification, Misrecognition, and Epistemic Injustice", "date": "2018", "keywords": "australians; complaints; credibility; hate; injustice; men; misrecognition; people; pohlhaus; scholarship@western; self; speech; vilification; white; zanetti", "summary": "Further, with reference to a contemporary case study, I argue that white vilification complaints can both constitute and cause epistemic injustices, and that it is the aforementioned misrecognition which grounds these injustices. He also recommends, \u201cBefore filing a complaint with the AHRC, always identify as an aboriginal woman\u201d (Zanetti 2017).7 In the remainder of this article, I will argue that, though \u201cwhite vilification\u201d is no more than a mere slight within the Australian context, we ought to be concerned when white vilification complaints like these are aired in the public", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6235", "words": "2144", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Fricker, Miranda", "title": "Epistemic Injustice and Recognition Theory: A New Conversation \u2014Afterword", "date": "2018", "keywords": "esteem; injustice; recognition; self", "summary": "Might we talk intelligibly\u2014 while staying in tune with Honneth\u2019s concepts and their Hegelian key\u2014of a generic idea of epistemic recognition? The papers in this volume surely sound a chord in the affirmative, and together they steer us towards a multifaceted conception of how epistemic injustice is related to epistemic misrecognition, and indeed how we might construe a positive relation of epistemic recognition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-6308", "words": "10538", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Luttrell, Johanna C", "title": "Women\u2019s Work and Assets: Considering Property Ownership from a Transnational Feminist Perspective", "date": "2020", "keywords": "assets; development; feminist; gender; housing; labor; land; locke; ownership; people; philosophy; poverty; property; right; scholarship@western; state; women; work; world", "summary": "I use the terms here as a cursory description of the kind of work women do\u2014the terms are not essential to the Lockean defense against forced evictions. Like Virginia Woolf wrote about a \u201croom of one\u2019s own\u201d as a necessary precondition for women\u2019s basic growth and empowerment, so urban women may need \u201ca house of one\u2019s own,\u201d or rather, control over housing assets for themselves and the well-being of their families.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7235", "words": "10673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Rea, Michael Cannon", "title": "Representational and Attitudinal Sexual Objectification: Philosophical Insights from James Tiptree Jr.\u2019s \u201cAnd I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill\u2019s Side\"", "date": "2019", "keywords": "aliens; attention; cargo; desires; interests; keats; objectification; person; scholarship@western; story; subject; tiptree; way", "summary": "Sexual objectification is not the only kind of objectification, but it is the primary focus in this paper. In this paper, I explore what I take to be some of the important insights about the nature and harm of sexual objectification conveyed in one of Tiptree\u2019s (2004)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7282", "words": "9574", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Khader, Serene J.", "title": "Global Gender Justice and The Feminization of Responsibility", "date": "2019", "keywords": "chant; development; domination; feminization; gender; global; household; justice; labor; northerners; poverty; responsibility; south; women; work", "summary": "As the title of a paper by Maxine Molyneux, \u201cWomen at the Service of the New Poverty Agenda,\u201d suggests, women increasingly occupy a role analogous to that of paid development workers. Though the feminization of responsibility undoubtedly increases the amount of labor women do, effects on decision-making power are not reducible to effects on time use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7283", "words": "9676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Jaggar, Alison M.", "title": "Thinking about Justice in the Unjust Meantime", "date": "2019", "keywords": "feminist; ideal; injustice; jaggar; justice; new; people; philosophers; philosophy; rawls; social; society; theory; thinking; women; world", "summary": "5. Challenges for Doing Non-ideal Theory in the Unjust Meantime Philosophers doing non-ideal theory are advised to begin our thinking about justice with \u201ca diagnosis of injustices in our actual world, rather than from a picture of an ideal world\u201d (Anderson 2010, 3). How should philosophers respond to these criticisms of the twentieth century\u2019s most influential ideal of social justice?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7284", "words": "6536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Lowe, Dan", "title": "The Study of Moral Revolutions as Naturalized Moral Epistemology", "date": "2019", "keywords": "beliefs; cases; change; epistemology; feminist; justification; method; philosophy; revolutions; study", "summary": "Keywords: moral epistemology, feminist epistemology, naturalized epistemology, Alison Jaggar Moral and political philosophers can greatly enrich their work through the study of moral revolutions. Although the study of moral revolutions can provide insight into many areas, I believe the most promising is moral epistemology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7285", "words": "16517", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Gosselin, Abigail", "title": "\u201cClinician Knows Best\u201d? Injustices in the Medicalization of Mental Illness", "date": "2019", "keywords": "clinician; disorders; ethics; experience; feminist; gosselin; health; ideal; illness; individual; injustices; jaggar; journal; medicalization; model; oxford; patients; people; philosophy; press; psychiatry; recovery; schizophrenia; scholarship@western; stereotypes; symptoms; theory; treatment; university; women", "summary": "When it conceives of mental disorders as defects of the person, it endorses a stereotype of people with mental illness as incompetent, which enables the exploitation, manipulation, coercion, and epistemically unjust treatment of people with serious mental disorders. When medicalization locates mental disorders solely as problems of individual biology, without regard to social factors, and when it treats mental disorders as personal defects, it perpetuates injustice in several ways: by enabling biased diagnoses through stereotyping, by exploiting and coercing people who are seen as insufficiently competent, and by perpetuating idealized conceptions of choice and control that do not take into account people\u2019s real limitations and the social context of health.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7289", "words": "10277", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Catala, Amandine", "title": "Multicultural Literacy, Epistemic Injustice, and White Ignorance", "date": "2019", "keywords": "citizens; controversy; culture; dominant; dutch; groups; ignorance; injustice; literacy; pete; racism; tradition; white", "summary": "Catala \u2013 Multicultural Literacy, Epistemic Injustice, and White Ignorance Published by Scholarship@Western, 2019 19 propose to term male hermeneutical injustice, the Black Pete controversy, to cite but this example, illustrates what I propose to term white hermeneutical injustice. White Ignorance1 Amandine Catala Abstract The traditional blackface character Black Pete has been at the center of an intense controversy in the Netherlands, with most black citizens denouncing the tradition as racist and most white citizens endorsing it as harmless fun.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7290", "words": "13249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Tobin, Theresa W.", "title": "Religious Faith in the Unjust Meantime: The Spiritual Violence of Clergy Sexual Abuse", "date": "2019", "keywords": "abuse; catholic; church; clergy; dwyer; experience; faith; feminist; gender; god; person; relationship; scholarship@western; survivors; trauma; violence; worship", "summary": "5 Redmond\u2019s analysis comports with a large body of testimony from adults who were childhood victims of clergy sexual abuse and who identified the priest with God. We are now in a better position to examine more precisely how religiously traumatic spiritual violence of clergy sexual abuse undermines religious faith by diminishing survivors\u2019 religious capacities\u2014the cognitive, affective, and imaginative capacities activated in worship and through which they come to know and love God.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7291", "words": "8426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Higgins, Peter", "title": "Three Hypotheses for Explaining the So-Called Oppression of Men", "date": "2019", "keywords": "examples; feminist; frye; gender; group; hypothesis; masculinity; men; oppression; women", "summary": "If (it is not disputed that) people of color are oppressed by racism and the poor and working class are oppressed by economic institutions, no explanatory purpose is served by positing that men are oppressed (in race- and class-specific ways): police violence against black men and the overrepresentation of men of color and poor and working class men in military service are already accounted for by race oppression, class oppression, and their intersection with gender categories. Higgins \u2013 Three Hypotheses for Explaining the So-Called Oppression of Men Published by Scholarship@Western, 2019 3 that men are oppressed as men.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7294", "words": "9374", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Aragon, Corwin", "title": "Global Gender Justice and Epistemic Oppression: A Response to an Epistemic Dilemma", "date": "2019", "keywords": "dilemma; feminist; gender; global; injustice; jaggar; oppression; philosophy; responsibility; western; women", "summary": "To address this epistemic dilemma, I argue that Western feminists need to examine our epistemic relationships to the women for whom we speak, utilizing the concept of epistemic injustice to locate our own complicity in global epistemic injustices. In Epistemic Injustice: Power & The Ethics of Knowing, Miranda Fricker (2007) names Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 2019, Vol. 5, Iss. 2, Article 3 Published by Scholarship@Western, 2019 12 the concept of epistemic injustice.8 Epistemic injustice is, according to Fricker, \u201ca kind of injustice in which someone is wronged specifically in her capacity as a knower\u201d (2007, 20; emphasis in original).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7299", "words": "11991", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Narayan, Uma", "title": "Sisterhood and \"Doing Good\": Asymmetries of Western Feminist Location, Access and Orbits of Concern", "date": "2019", "keywords": "article; asymmetries; concern; contexts; countries; feet; feminist; global; good; jaggar; non; pogge; poor; scholarship@western; subjects; ways; westerners; women", "summary": "Non-Western countries, especially the smaller and poorer ones, are full of Western subjects working for aid agencies, agencies that range from the official aid agencies of Western states (such as USAID) to a huge variety of private NGOs that receive Western (private and state) funding. Abstract There are a variety of discourses and practices that position Western feminists (and Western political subjects more generally) as people who have a moral and political obligation to concern themselves with the welfare, suffering, or empowerment of non-Western subjects, often women, and intervene to \u201cdo good\u201d on their behalf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7311", "words": "11448", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Suen, Alison", "title": "The Construction of a Consumable Body", "date": "2019", "keywords": "animals; bodies; body; breastfeeding; child; consumption; eating; feminist; fetus; food; health; meat; mother; nature; new; pregnancy; responsibility; risk; scholarship@western; women", "summary": "While the handmaids exist only in the fictional world of Gilead, the novel depicts an all too real cultural tendency to regard pregnant women as consumable bodies to be disciplined and managed. From a stranger\u2019s disapproving look at the wine store to a restaurant server\u2019s unsolicited advice, pregnant women are targets of constant public scrutiny.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7312", "words": "10405", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Leboeuf, C\u00e9line", "title": "Anatomy of the Thigh Gap", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bartky; beauty; bodies; body; feminist; images; phenomenon; philosophy; self; sensualism; thigh gap; thinspo; weight; women", "summary": "In fact, users of such apps have reported that they forget what their faces and bodies look like through long-term use of them.10 Overall, these technological advances skew our perception of what real bodies look like, thus widening the gap\u2014no pun intended!\u2014between our actual bodily shapes and sizes and our perception of them. This is a result of the angle in which the photos, mostly selfies, are taken: the images focus on thigh gap, while the face recedes into the background.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7313", "words": "11023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Kirkland, Katie L.", "title": "Feminist Aims and a Trans-Inclusive Definition of \u201cWoman\u201d", "date": "2019", "keywords": "account; feminist; gender; haslanger; identities; identity; oppression; trans; trans women; violence; women", "summary": "Article 3. 2019 Feminist Aims and a Trans-Inclusive Definition of \u201cWoman\u201d Katie L. Kirkland Arizona State University kkirkla3@asu.edu Kirkland \u2013 Feminist Aims and a Trans-Inclusive Definition of \u201cWoman\u201d Published by Scholarship@Western, 2019 1 Feminist Aims and a Trans-Inclusive Definition of \u201cWoman\u201d1 Katie L. Kirkland Abstract In \u201cAmelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman,\u201d Katharine Jenkins argues that Sally Haslanger\u2019s focal analysis of gender problematically excludes nonpassing trans women from the category \u201cwoman.\u201d However, in \u201cAmelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman,\u201d Katharine Jenkins argues that Haslanger\u2019s focal analysis of gender problematically excludes nonpassing trans women from the category \u201cwoman.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7316", "words": "11739", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Crapo, Ruthanne; Cahill, Ann J; Jacquart, Melissa", "title": "Bearing the Brunt of Structural Inequality: Ontological Labor in the Academy", "date": "2020", "keywords": "academic; academy; brunt; cahill; faculty; feminist; groups; inequality; jacquart; kim; labor; members; minority; philosophy; press; race; research; scholarship@western; students; time; university; work", "summary": "As Ahmed acknowledges in her analysis, this work is undervalued in the institutional reward mechanisms, and for those who undertake such labor it can feel like one is banging their head against a brick wall (135). Such labor, we hold, requires a closer look and a more detailed analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7322", "words": "9623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Ciurria, Michelle", "title": "The Mysterious Case of the Missing Perpetrators: How the Privileged Escape Blame and Accountability", "date": "2020", "keywords": "blame; case; manne; mills; misogyny; narratives; oppression; people; perpetrators; power; responsibility; social; white; women", "summary": "Hence, NC 2 I should clarify that it is white men who are typically exonerated by patriarchal scripts. Kant is famous for developing the categorical imperative, which (on one formulation) says never to treat a person as a mere means; but his \u2018scientific\u2019 theory reserved the term \u201cperson\u201d for white men.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7574", "words": "11436", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "McAuliffe, Jana", "title": "Ethical Openness in the Work of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak", "date": "2020", "keywords": "chakravorty; critique; ethics; feminist; gayatri; idea; justice; new; openness; philosophy; reading; rights; scholarship@western; spivak; way; women; work", "summary": "Keywords: complicity, ethics, political critique, racism, Spivak, US American feminism Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has argued that US American subjects considering social justice too easily fall into the trap of thinking \u201cI am necessarily better, I am necessarily indispensable, I am necessarily the one to right wrongs, I am necessarily the end product for which history happened, and . . . I am not suggesting that Spivak is the only postcolonial thinker to take a critical stance toward postcolonialism from the perspective of thinking through postcoloniality; such a critical position might be one hallmark of responsible theory in general, and in the context of postcolonial theory, as the editors of the \u201cThird McAuliffe \u2013 Ethical Openness in the Work of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Published by Scholarship@Western, 2020 7 of a world where the Global North and Global South are differentially affected by economics, arguing that this dynamic becomes more clear if ones sees \u201cthe \u2018third world\u2019 as a displacement of the old colonies, as colonialism proper displaces itself into neocolonialism. . . .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7929", "words": "8114", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "McLennan, Matthew R.", "title": "Beauvoir\u2019s Concept of \u201cDecline\u201d", "date": "2020", "keywords": "ageing; beauvoir; case; concept; decline; dementia; personality; sartre; self; sex; subject; world", "summary": "In particular, the vision of decline that Beauvoir privileges appears to be only one possible means of conceptualizing what happens to the person suffering from dementia, and it arguably proves restrictive or troubling in the context of her own intimate relationships. As we will see, this comes to a head in her dealings with ageing friends and family members: arguably her mother Fran\u00e7oise de Beauvoir (Beauvoir 1964), but quite obviously her companion and intellectual collaborator Jean-Paul Sartre (Beauvoir 1981).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-7938", "words": "11754", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Smith, Rebecca Hannah", "title": "The Morality of Resisting Oppression", "date": "2020", "keywords": "action; duties; duty; hay; obligation; oppression; reasons; resistance; self; victim", "summary": "For example, Thomas Hill (1973) has argued that a failure to value one\u2019s moral rights is a violation of a duty to oneself, while Daniel Silvermint (2013, 406) Smith \u2013 Morality of Resisting Oppression Published by Scholarship@Western, 2020 3 has argued that individuals have moral duties towards their own well-being, and under conditions of oppression these duties entail resistance to that mistreatment. Much of this seems to match Kant\u2019s own characterisation of the absolute nature of moral duty and the possibility of conflicts between moral obligations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8030", "words": "10638", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Freedman, Karyn L", "title": "The Epistemic Significance of #MeToo", "date": "2020", "keywords": "cases; feminist; freedman; harassment; ignorance; metoo; new; philosophy; scholarship@western; significance; stories; story; survivors; testimony; university; value; violence; women; york", "summary": "These women, both sexual assault survivors, demanded, in a brief elevator encounter, that Flake witness their pain and acknowledge the need for perpetrators of sexual violence to take responsibility for their actions.37 Almost directly following this encounter, Flake, reversing his previous position on the matter, demanded an investigation into the sexual assault allegations that had been brought against Kavanaugh.38 In telling their stories of sexual violence and sexual harassment, women have the power to challenge dominant misconceptions, overturn rape myths, and debunk traditional victim-blaming narratives, thereby effecting broad social and cultural change through their testimony. The \u201cMe Too\u201d campaign was started in 2007 by activist Tarana Burke, herself a survivor of sexual violence, as a grassroots movement to aid sexual assault survivors in underprivileged communities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8063", "words": "12317", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Huget, Hailey", "title": "Care Workers on Strike", "date": "2020", "keywords": "care; care workers; conditions; conflict; example; failure; institutions; nurses; philosophy; provision; reasons; role; scholarship@western; strike; striking; students; teachers; workers; working", "summary": "If we want to say that such criticisms of care worker strikes are unwarranted (as I do), one way to do so would be to categorically deny that striking care workers are doing anything bad or wrong. However, I argue that we should place blame for said moral failures not upon striking care workers themselves but upon employers and others responsible for creating the decision contexts in which care workers must morally fail.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8101", "words": "7476", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Stark, Cynthia A.", "title": "Why Luck Egalitarianism Fails in Condemning Oppression", "date": "2020", "keywords": "choice; choice principle; egalitarianism; luck; objection; oppression; principle; segall", "summary": "Barry aims to show that luck egalitarians are \u201cfundamentally\u201d concerned with inequalities caused by, for example, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation, and that \u201caddressing social oppression becomes a very important goal of luck egalitarianism\u201d once well-being is adopted as the currency of justice (Barry 2006, 93). A virtue of this approach, Segall explains, is that it enables luck egalitarianism to avoid the \u201cabandonment criticism,\u201d which accuses luck egalitarians of leaving to terrible fates those whose choices have bad outcomes.9", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8162", "words": "12493", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Anderson, Derek", "title": "Linguistic Hijacking", "date": "2020", "keywords": "corruption; deference; groups; hijacking; model; oppression; people; race; racism; semantic; term; theory; usage; use; white; word", "summary": "In this way, the reactionary community leads itself to stop thinking falsely about racism and believe only truths about a gerrymandered set of facts that excludes facts about racial oppression, white privilege, or any other aspects of true racism. I consider an objection alleging the semantic corruption model gets the semantic data wrong because it entails those who hijack terms like \u201cracist\u201d speak truly, whereas it\u2019s natural to see such hijacking misuses as false speech about racism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8168", "words": "9416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Johnson, Casey Rebecca", "title": "Mansplaining and Illocutionary Force", "date": "2020", "keywords": "act; force; kind; mansplaining; martha; ralph; rebecca; speech; utterance; woman", "summary": "First, a single utterance might have different effects on different audience members, and those effects might be conventional for different illocutionary forces. Keywords: illocutionary force, speech acts, mansplaining, discursive injustice 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8184", "words": "1633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Emerick, Barrett; Wisor, Scott", "title": "Introduction to the Special Issue: In the Unjust Meantime", "date": "2019", "keywords": "issue; jaggar; justice; meantime", "summary": "Narayan further develops Jaggar\u2019s critique (as well as her own earlier critique) of the use of \u201cadaptive preferences\u201d to claim that women in non-Western contexts are mistaken about what is best for them. 2, Introduction Published by Scholarship@Western, 2019 4 Devine, Philip E. Devine, and Alison Jaggar, 120\u2013179.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8217", "words": "10351", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2, Ol\u00faf\u1eb9\u0301mi O.", "title": "Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor", "date": "2020", "keywords": "character; compression; emotionality; emotions; feminist; gender; labor; male; management; masculinity; men; new; philosophy; scholarship@western; self; socialization; stoicism; strategy; trait; t\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2; women", "summary": "T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2 \u2013 Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor Published by Scholarship@Western, 2020 5 the stakes of men\u2019s access to emotional labor, this would carry the implication that emotional compression could serve an important positive role in struggle against misogyny, rather than serve it. The mere fact that self-management is unwaged doesn\u2019t seem to get the job of invalidating emotional compression as emotional labor done.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8302", "words": "13818", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Ichikawa, Jonathan Jenkins", "title": "Presupposition and Consent", "date": "2020", "keywords": "alice; behest; bob; cases; consent; consent language; ethics; feminist; language; like; paper; philosophy; presupposition; scholarship@western; sex; use", "summary": "Consent language, I have argued, requires that one is doing something at someone else\u2019s behest; since there can be permissible sex that doesn\u2019t involve one person yielding to another\u2019s request\u2014the kind of sex where consent language won\u2019t even come up\u2014we cannot maintain that consent is necessary for ethical sex. Happily, the answer to both questions is yes.1 Alice agreed to everything 1 One sometimes hears the advice that sexual consent must be enthusiastic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8390", "words": "10069", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Clausen, Ginger Tate", "title": "Next Time Means \"No\": Sexual Consent and the Structure of Refusals", "date": "2020", "keywords": "ansari; case; consent; dennis; grace; model; power; refusals; sex; time; violence; women", "summary": "This paper emphasizes a need to recognize sexual refusals both in public discourse and in the context of particular interactions. However, I hope to make the modest case in this essay that there is more to understand about the nature of sexual refusal than has been widely accepted, with the hope that the arguments here will support the baseline project of ending sexual violence even if they don\u2019t speak to the equally important project of theorizing the conditions under which sex is ethical and fulfilling rather than merely consensual.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8437", "words": "11221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Protasi, Sara", "title": "Teaching Ancient Women Philosophers: A Case Study", "date": "2020", "keywords": "article; aspasia; class; diotima; feminist; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; plato; protasi; pythagorean; scholarship@western; sources; students; teaching; texts; university; women; women philosophers", "summary": "I am sure this is not an exhaustive list of ancient women philosophers who are being discovered, or rediscovered. However, even his interpretation\u2014in my view\u2014falls prey to the default skepticism toward ancient women philosophers, since he presents Aspasia exclusively as Plato\u2019s mouthpiece, albeit a distinctive one.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-8482", "words": "10584", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Dular, Nicole", "title": "Mansplaining as Epistemic Injustice", "date": "2021", "keywords": "case; hearer; injustice; kind; knowledge; mansplaining; role; silencing; speaker; way; women", "summary": "X-splaining: a dysfunctional subversion of epistemic roles (of hearer/receiver of knowledge and speaker/giver of knowledge in a testimonial exchange) due to the operation of a prejudicial identity stereotype.23 Having analyzed what mansplaining is as a type of epistemic injustice, we should now move to consider what the core wrong of it is that makes it so pernicious. As I\u2019ve argued in this paper, it is a type of epistemic injustice as a dysfunctional subversion of epistemic roles of hearer and speaker due to the operation of prejudicial identity stereotypes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-9346", "words": "427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "9", "author": "Norlock, Kathryn J", "title": "Acknowledgements of Referees for Volumes 1 through 5", "date": "2019", "keywords": "ann; feminist; iss; lisa; philosophy; robin; sarah; vol", "summary": "4 1 Acknowledging our Referees for the first five volumes of Feminist Philosophy Quarterly In honor of the close of our fifth year as an open-access, peer-reviewed, triply anonymous journal, the editors express sincere gratitude to all those who have refereed for Feminist Philosophy Quarterly for these first five years. Ada Jaarsma Carrie Jenkins Katharine Jenkins Heather Keith Daniel Kelly Elselijn Kingma Joshua Knobe Christine Koggell Rebecca Kukla Sarah LaChance Adams Ann Levey Hallie Liberto Maureen Linker Heidi Lockwood Helen Longino Colin Macleod Alex Madva Hans Maes Ishani Maitra Patricia Marino Lori Marso Rebecca Mason Simon May Emily McGill-Rutherford Aidan McGlynn Mary McGowan Robin McKenna Carolyn McLeod Jose Medina Diana Meyers Mari Mikkola Sarah Clark Miller Kristie Miller Monica Mookherjee Sarah Moss Amy Mullin Mark Navin Mariana Ortega Christine Overall Julinna Oxley Shelley Park Robert Piercey Gaile Pohlhaus Jr. Nancy Potter Linda Radzik Amy Reed-Sandoval Todd Reeser Alison Reiheld Kristin", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "fpq-9395", "words": "9622", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Tremain, Shelley Lynn", "title": "Field Notes on the Naturalization and Denaturalization of Disability in (Feminist) Philosophy: What They Do and How They Do It", "date": "2020", "keywords": "apparatus; disability; feminist; foucault; gage; naturalization; people; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; power; scholarship@western; tremain; widdows; work", "summary": "In the schema of the PhilPapers database, that is, feminist philosophy of disability is represented as on par with \u201ctopics\u201d in feminist philosophy such as \u201cAutonomy\u201d and \u201cIdentity Politics\u201d rather than represented as on par with and in relationship with other subjecting apparatuses in a more comprehensive superior category of \u201cPhilosophy of Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Disability.\u201d Problematization of Disability in Feminist Philosophy and Feminist Bioethics One might think that the ongoing problematization and naturalization of disability in feminist philosophy is puzzling given the concerted effort that feminist philosophers and theorists have expended to denaturalize and de-biologize other categories of identity and subjection, with feminist epistemologists and feminist philosophers of science articulating some of the most powerful arguments designed to denaturalize sex and gender.", "mime": "application/pdf"}]