id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
fpq-2987	1	1	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	1	2	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	1	3	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	1	4	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	1	5	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	1	6	why	why	SCONJ
fpq-2987	1	7	is	be	AUX
fpq-2987	1	8	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	1	9	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	1	10	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	1	11	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	1	12	?	?	PUNCT
fpq-2987	2	1	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	2	2	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	2	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	2	4	volume	volume	NOUN
fpq-2987	2	5	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	2	6	|	|	ADV
fpq-2987	2	7	issue	issue	VERB
fpq-2987	2	8	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	2	9	article	article	NOUN
fpq-2987	2	10	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	2	11	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	2	12	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	2	13	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	2	14	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	2	15	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	2	17	why	why	SCONJ
fpq-2987	2	18	is	be	AUX
fpq-2987	2	19	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	2	20	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	2	21	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	2	22	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	2	23	?	?	PUNCT
fpq-2987	3	1	lindsey	lindsey	PROPN
fpq-2987	3	2	porter	porter	PROPN
fpq-2987	3	3	sheffield	sheffield	PROPN
fpq-2987	3	4	university	university	PROPN
fpq-2987	3	5	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	3	6	l.porter@sheffield.ac.uk	l.porter@sheffield.ac.uk	NOUN
fpq-2987	3	7	recommended	recommend	VERB
fpq-2987	3	8	citation	citation	NOUN
fpq-2987	3	9	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	3	10	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	3	11	lindsey	lindsey	NOUN
fpq-2987	3	12	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	4	1	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	4	2	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	5	1	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	5	2	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	5	3	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	5	4	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	5	5	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	5	6	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	5	7	why	why	SCONJ
fpq-2987	5	8	is	be	AUX
fpq-2987	5	9	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	5	10	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	5	11	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	5	12	enough?."feminist	enough?."feminist	NOUN
fpq-2987	5	13	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	5	14	quarterly1	quarterly1	PROPN
fpq-2987	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	5	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	5	17	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	5	18	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	5	19	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	1	article	article	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	2	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	6	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	4	doi:10.5206	doi:10.5206	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	5	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	6	6	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	8	gestation)and)parental)rights:)why)is)good)enough)good)enough?1	gestation)and)parental)rights:)why)is)good)enough)good)enough?1	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	9	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	10	lindsey(porter	lindsey(porter	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	15	abstract	abstract	ADJ
fpq-2987	6	16	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	17	in(this(paper(i(explore(the(question(of(whether(gestation(can(ground	in(this(paper(i(explore(the(question(of(whether(gestation(can(ground	ADV
fpq-2987	6	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	19	parental(rights.(i(consider(anca(gheaus’s((2012)(claim(that(the(labour(and(bonding	parental(rights.(i(consider(anca(gheaus’s((2012)(claim(that(the(labour(and(bonde	VERB
fpq-2987	6	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	21	of(gestation(give(one(the(right(to(parent(one’s(biological(child.(i(argue(that,(while	of(gestation(give(one(the(right(to(parent(one’s(biological(child.(i(argue(that,(while	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	23	gheaus’s(gestational(account(of(parental(rights(is(the(most(successful(of(such	gheaus’s(gestational(account(of(parental(rights(is(the(most(successful(of(such	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	25	accounts(in(the(literature,(it(is(ultimately(unsuccessful,(because(the(concept	accounts(in(the(literature,(it(is(ultimately(unsuccessful,(because(the(concept	X
fpq-2987	6	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	27	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	28	maternalgfetal(bonding’(does(not(stand(up(to(scrutiny.(gheaus(argues(that(the	maternalgfetal(bonding’(does(not(stand(up(to(scrutiny.(gheaus(argues(that(the	ADJ
fpq-2987	6	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	30	labour(expended(in(gestation(generates(parental(rights.(this(is(a(standard,(lockean	labour(expended(in(gestation(generates(parental(rights.(this(is(a(standard,(lockean	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	32	sort(of(a(move(in(parental(ethics	sort(of(a(move(in(parental(ethics	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	33	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	34	it(usually(relies(on(the(claim(that(i(have	it(usually(relies(on(the(claim(that(i(have	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	36	proprietary(rights(over(the(products(of(my(labour.(however,(gheaus(argues(that(a	proprietary(rights(over(the(products(of(my(labour.(however,(gheaus(argues(that(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	38	standard(labour(account(of(parental(rights(could(not(generate(parental(rights(over	standard(labour(account(of(parental(rights(could(not(generate(parental(rights(over	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	40	one’s(own(birth(child(via(gestation(without(ownership,(since(the(labour(would	one’s(own(birth(child(via(gestation(without(ownership,(since(the(labour(would	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	42	merely(afford(one(a(right(to(enjoy(the(goods(of(parenthood.(at(best,(then,(labour	merely(afford(one(a(right(to(enjoy(the(goods(of(parenthood.(at(best,(then,(labour	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	43	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	44	alone(would(generate(a(right(to(a(child.((but,(gheaus(argues,(not(only(do	alone(would(generate(a(right(to(a(child.((but,(gheaus(argues,(not(only(do	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	46	gestational(mothers(expend(labour(in(the(course(of(the(pregnancy;(they(also	gestational(mothers(expend(labour(in(the(course(of(the(pregnancy;(they(also	ADV
fpq-2987	6	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	48	develop(emotional(ties(to(the(fetus.(they(‘bond’(with(it.(this,(gheaus(argues	develop(emotional(ties(to(the(fetus.(they(‘bond’(with(it.(this,(gheaus(argue	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	49	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	50	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	51	coupled(with(labour,(gives(the(birth(mother(parental(rights(over(her(birth(child	coupled(with(labour,(gives(the(birth(mother(parental(rights(over(her(birth(child	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	52	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	53	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	54	fathers,(on(her(account,(acquire(rights(over(their(birth(child(by(contributing	fathers,(on(her(account,(acquire(rights(over(their(birth(child(by(contributing	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	55	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	56	labour	labour	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	57	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	58	in(the(form(of(antenatal(support	in(the(form(of(antenatal(support	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	59	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	60	during(the(course(of(the(pregnancy.(i	during(the(course(of(the(pregnancy.(i	ADJ
fpq-2987	6	61	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	62	argue(that(because(‘bonding’(is(not(an(appropriately(morally(salient(phenomenon	argue(that(because(‘bonding’(is(not(an(appropriately(morally(salient(phenomenon	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	63	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	64	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	65	gheaus’s(account(does(not(work(unless(it(relies(on(a(proprietary(claim,(and(this(is	gheaus’s(account(does(not(work(unless(it(relies(on(a(proprietary(claim,(and(this(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	6	66	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	67	prima(facie(reason(to(reject(the(account.(further,(the(fact(that(it(only(confers	prima(facie(reason(to(reject(the(account.(further,(the(fact(that(it(only(confer	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	68	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	69	parental(rights(on(fathers(by(proxy(also(gives(us(reason(to(reject(the(account.(i	parental(rights(on(fathers(by(proxy(also(gives(us(reason(to(reject(the(account.(i	VERB
fpq-2987	6	70	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	6	71	then(offer(a(brief(sketch(of(a(more(promising,(positive(account(of(parental(rights	then(offer(a(brief(sketch(of(a(more(promising,(positive(account(of(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	6	72	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	3	keywords:(gestation,(rights,(parenthood,(gender	keywords:(gestation,(rights,(parenthood,(gender	X
fpq-2987	7	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	5	1(i(would(like(to(thank(alex(barber(and(timothy(fowler;(participants(in(the	1(i(would(like(to(thank(alex(barber(and(timothy(fowler;(participants(in(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	7	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	7	2014(joint(meeting(of(the(canadian(society(for(women(in(philosophy((cswip)(and	2014(joint(meeting(of(the(canadian(society(for(women(in(philosophy((cswip)(and	NUM
fpq-2987	7	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	9	the(association(for(feminist(epistemologies,(methodologies,(metaphysics(and	the(association(for(feminist(epistemologies,(methodologies,(metaphysics(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	7	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	11	science(studies((femmss)(in(waterloo,(ontario;(members(of(the(school(of(politics	science(studies((femmss)(in(waterloo,(ontario;(members(of(the(school(of(politic	NOUN
fpq-2987	7	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	14	international(studies,(and(philosophy(at(queen's(university,(belfast;(and(seminar	international(studies,(and(philosophy(at(queen's(university,(belfast;(and(seminar	NOUN
fpq-2987	7	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	16	participants(at(the(institut(éthique(histoire(humanités(et(centre(interfacultaire(en	participants(at(the(institut(éthique(histoire(humanités(et(centre(interfacultaire(en	PROPN
fpq-2987	7	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	18	bioéthique(et(sciences(humaines(en(médecine,(centre(médical(universitaire(in	bioéthique(et(sciences(humaines(en(médecine,(centre(médical(universitaire(in	NOUN
fpq-2987	7	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	7	20	geneva(for(helpful(discussion(and(feedback	geneva(for(helpful(discussion(and(feedback	NOUN
fpq-2987	7	21	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	8	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	8	2	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	8	3	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	8	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	8	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	8	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	8	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	8	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	8	9	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	8	10	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	8	11	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	ADJ
fpq-2987	8	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	8	13	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	8	14	introduction	introduction	NOUN
fpq-2987	8	15	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	1	in(western(law,(it(is(common(to(take(the(gestational(mother	in(western(law,(it(is(common(to(take(the(gestational(mother	ADV
fpq-2987	9	2	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	3	that(is,(the	that(is,(the	ADJ
fpq-2987	9	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	5	woman(who(carries(the(pregnancy	woman(who(carries(the(pregnancy	NOUN
fpq-2987	9	6	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	7	to(be(the(rightful(mother(of(the(child(in(the	to(be(the(rightful(mother(of(the(child(in(the	PRON
fpq-2987	9	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	9	first(instance.(why(it(is(true(historically(is(no(big(mystery:(gestation(was(easily	first(instance.(why(it(is(true(historically(is(no(big(mystery:(gestation(was(easily	ADV
fpq-2987	9	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	11	proved,(where(genetic(relatedness(was(not.(why(it(is(still(true(today(stands(in	proved,(where(genetic(relatedness(was(not.(why(it(is(still(true(today(stands(in	PROPN
fpq-2987	9	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	13	need(of(explanation.2	need(of(explanation.2	NOUN
fpq-2987	9	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	16	in(this(paper,(i(will(explore(the(question(of(whether(it(ought(to(be:(whether	in(this(paper,(i(will(explore(the(question(of(whether(it(ought(to(be:(whether	ADV
fpq-2987	9	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	18	gestation(generates(a(moral(right(to(parent(that(should(be(codified(in(law.(i(will	gestation(generates(a(moral(right(to(parent(that(should(be(codified(in(law.(i(will	X
fpq-2987	9	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	20	do(this(by(examining(the(viability(of(what(i(take(to(be(the(most(successful	do(this(by(examining(the(viability(of(what(i(take(to(be(the(most(successful	PROPN
fpq-2987	9	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	22	gestational(account(of(parental(rights(on(offer:(anca(gheaus’s(gestational	gestational(account(of(parental(rights(on(offer:(anca(gheaus’s(gestational	PROPN
fpq-2987	9	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	24	account((2012	account((2012	PROPN
fpq-2987	9	25	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	9	26	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	2	gheaus’s(account(is(unique((to(my(knowledge)(in(that(it(purports(to	gheaus’s(account(is(unique((to(my(knowledge)(in(that(it(purports(to	PRON
fpq-2987	10	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	4	motivate(rights(via(biology(but(without(a(proprietary(claim	motivate(rights(via(biology(but(without(a(proprietary(claim	NOUN
fpq-2987	10	5	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	6	without(claiming	without(claime	VERB
fpq-2987	10	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	8	that(biological(parents(own(their(children.(this(account(has(it(that(gestation(can	that(biological(parents(own(their(children.(this(account(has(it(that(gestation(can	ADJ
fpq-2987	10	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	10	motivate(a(parental(rights(claim(in(the(absence(of(a(claim(of(ownership,(because	motivate(a(parental(rights(claim(in(the(absence(of(a(claim(of(ownership,(because	NOUN
fpq-2987	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	13	first,(gestation(is(rightsgconferring(labour,(and(second,(because(in(the(course(of	first,(gestation(is(rightsgconferring(labour,(and(second,(because(in(the(course(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	10	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	10	15	gestation(women(bond(with(their(fetuses	gestation(women(bond(with(their(fetuses	PROPN
fpq-2987	10	16	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	3	i(assume	i(assume	NOUN
fpq-2987	11	4	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	5	and(i(will(do(a(bit(of(work(to(motivate(the(claim(that	and(i(will(do(a(bit(of(work(to(motivate(the(claim(that	NOUN
fpq-2987	11	6	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	7	an	an	PRON
fpq-2987	11	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	9	account(of(parental(rights(that(relies(on(ownership(of(the(child(is(not(one(we	account(of(parental(rights(that(relies(on(ownership(of(the(child(is(not(one(we	PROPN
fpq-2987	11	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	11	ought(to(accept,(all(other(things(equal.(if(gheaus’s(account(can(both(successfully	ought(to(accept,(all(other(things(equal.(if(gheaus’s(account(can(both(successfully	ADV
fpq-2987	11	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	13	ground(parental(rights(in(gestation,(and(do(so(without(relying(on(child(ownership	ground(parental(rights(in(gestation,(and(do(so(without(relying(on(child(ownership	NOUN
fpq-2987	11	14	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	16	then,(it(is(to(be(preferred(over(those(accounts(that(ground(parenthood(in	then,(it(is(to(be(preferred(over(those(accounts(that(ground(parenthood(in	X
fpq-2987	11	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	18	gestation(via(ownership.(so,(if(it(is(successful,(it(is(probably(the(best(gestational	gestation(via(ownership.(so,(if(it(is(successful,(it(is(probably(the(best(gestational	PROPN
fpq-2987	11	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	11	20	account(of(parental(rights(on(offer	account(of(parental(rights(on(offer	PROPN
fpq-2987	11	21	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	3	however,(i(argue(that(the(account(is(unsuccessful(without(an(ownership	however,(i(argue(that(the(account(is(unsuccessful(without(an(ownership	NOUN
fpq-2987	12	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	5	claim,(because(sogcalled(‘maternalgfetal(bonding’(is(not(the(right(sort(of	claim,(because(sogcalled(‘maternalgfetal(bonding’(is(not(the(right(sort(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	12	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	7	phenomenon(for(gheaus’s(purposes.(maternalgfetal(bonding(is,(first(and	phenomenon(for(gheaus’s(purposes.(maternalgfetal(bonding(is,(first(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	12	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	9	foremost,(a(popular(notion	foremost,(a(popular(notion	NOUN
fpq-2987	12	10	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	11	a(set(of(folk(beliefs(about(pregnancy(based(loosely	a(set(of(folk(beliefs(about(pregnancy(based(loosely	ADV
fpq-2987	12	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	13	around(sociallygmotivated(empirical(work(in(psychology((on(‘maternalgfetal	around(sociallygmotivated(empirical(work(in(psychology((on(‘maternalgfetal	X
fpq-2987	12	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	15	attachment’)(stemming,(but(deviating(broadly,(from(midg20thgcentury(theoretical	attachment’)(stemming,(but(deviating(broadly,(from(midg20thgcentury(theoretical	PROPN
fpq-2987	12	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	17	work(on(‘maternalginfant(attachment’.(it(is(an(idea(that(holds(great(sway(in(our	work(on(‘maternalginfant(attachment’.(it(is(an(idea(that(holds(great(sway(in(our	X
fpq-2987	12	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	19	culture,(but(it(is(not(an(idea(that(stands(up(to(scrutiny.(it(just(is(not(a(real	culture,(but(it(is(not(an(idea(that(stands(up(to(scrutiny.(it(just(is(not(a(real	ADJ
fpq-2987	12	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	12	21	phenomenon(of(the(right(sort(to(ground(a(rights(claim	phenomenon(of(the(right(sort(to(ground(a(rights(claim	NOUN
fpq-2987	12	22	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	3	in(section(1(of(this(paper,(i(review(the(conceptual(landscape(of(parental	in(section(1(of(this(paper,(i(review(the(conceptual(landscape(of(parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	13	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	5	rights(as(it(stands.(in(section(2,(i(lay(out(gheaus’s(gestational(account,(and(show	rights(as(it(stands.(in(section(2,(i(lay(out(gheaus’s(gestational(account,(and(show	X
fpq-2987	13	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	7	how(it(avoids(the(pitfalls(of(a(proprietary(account.(in(section(3,(i(present(three	how(it(avoids(the(pitfalls(of(a(proprietary(account.(in(section(3,(i(present(three	PROPN
fpq-2987	13	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	9	initial(worries(about(gheaus’s(account	initial(worries(about(gheaus’s(account	NOUN
fpq-2987	13	10	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	11	though(i(will(argue(that(probably(only	though(i(will(argue(that(probably(only	ADV
fpq-2987	13	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	13	the(third(of(these,(the(worry(over(nonggestational(parental(rights,(is(a(real(worry	the(third(of(these,(the(worry(over(nonggestational(parental(rights,(is(a(real(worry	NOUN
fpq-2987	13	14	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	16	2(see,(for(example,(hfea((1987	2(see,(for(example,(hfea((1987	NUM
fpq-2987	13	17	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	13	18	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	14	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	14	2	2	2	NUM
fpq-2987	14	3	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	14	4	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	14	5	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	14	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	14	7	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	14	8	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	14	9	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	15	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	15	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	15	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	15	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	15	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	15	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	15	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	15	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	15	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	15	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	16	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	16	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	16	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	16	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	16	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	16	8	in(section(4,(however,(i(argue(that(‘bonding’(just(can’t(do(what(gheaus(wants(it	in(section(4,(however,(i(argue(that(‘bonding’(just(can’t(do(what(gheaus(wants(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	16	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	10	to(do;(and(as(such,(her(nongproprietary(gestational(account(is(ultimately	to(do;(and(as(such,(her(nongproprietary(gestational(account(is(ultimately	ADV
fpq-2987	16	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	12	unsuccessful.(given(that(gheaus’s(account(is(probably(the(best(gestational	unsuccessful.(given(that(gheaus’s(account(is(probably(the(best(gestational	ADJ
fpq-2987	16	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	15	indeed,(biological)(account(on(offer,(i(will(suggest(that(this(should(lead(us(to	indeed,(biological)(account(on(offer,(i(will(suggest(that(this(should(lead(us(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	16	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	17	reject(gestational(accounts(of(parental(rights.(in(the(final(section,(then,(i(will	reject(gestational(accounts(of(parental(rights.(in(the(final(section,(then,(i(will	PROPN
fpq-2987	16	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	19	briefly(sketch(out(a(proposal(for(an(alternate(way(of(conceptualising(parental	briefly(sketch(out(a(proposal(for(an(alternate(way(of(conceptualising(parental	X
fpq-2987	16	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	21	rights:(a(deflationary(account(of(parental(rights(that(relies(on(a(general(defeasible	rights:(a(deflationary(account(of(parental(rights(that(relies(on(a(general(defeasible	ADJ
fpq-2987	16	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	23	right(to(fulfil(one’s(moral(obligations	right(to(fulfil(one’s(moral(obligation	NOUN
fpq-2987	16	24	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	28	section)1:)parental)rights)background	section)1:)parental)rights)background	NOUN
fpq-2987	16	29	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	30	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	16	31	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	1	the(two(defining(features(of(the(role(parent(are,(first,(that(the(rolegfiller(has	the(two(defining(features(of(the(role(parent(are,(first,(that(the(rolegfiller(has	PROPN
fpq-2987	17	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	3	special(responsibilities(towards(the(child,(responsibilities(that(other(members(of	special(responsibilities(towards(the(child,(responsibilities(that(other(members(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	17	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	5	the(child’s(community(do(not(have,(even(if(we(all(have(a(general(nongmalevolent	the(child’s(community(do(not(have,(even(if(we(all(have(a(general(nongmalevolent	PROPN
fpq-2987	17	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	7	duty(towards(the(child;(and(second,(that(she(or(he(has(special(entitlements(with	duty(towards(the(child;(and(second,(that(she(or(he(has(special(entitlements(with	PROPN
fpq-2987	17	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	9	respect(to(the(child.3(specifically,(parents(have(the(right(to(decisiongmake(on	respect(to(the(child.3(specifically,(parents(have(the(right(to(decisiongmake(on	PROPN
fpq-2987	17	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	11	behalf(of(their(child,(and(they(have(the(right(to(do(so(even(in(the(absence(of	behalf(of(their(child,(and(they(have(the(right(to(do(so(even(in(the(absence(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	17	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	13	parental(perfection.(that(is,(parents(have(the(right(to(act(in(ways(that(are(not(in	parental(perfection.(that(is,(parents(have(the(right(to(act(in(ways(that(are(not(in	NOUN
fpq-2987	17	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	17	15	the(very(best(interest(of(the(child	the(very(best(interest(of(the(child	NOUN
fpq-2987	17	16	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	3	having(the(right(to(act(in(nongoptimal(ways(with(respect(to(one’s(child	having(the(right(to(act(in(nongoptimal(ways(with(respect(to(one’s(child	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	5	stands(in(need(of(explanation.(children(by(nature(are(vulnerable(and(unable(to	stands(in(need(of(explanation.(children(by(nature(are(vulnerable(and(unable(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	7	secure(what(is(in(their(own(best(interest,(and(thus,(need(care.(but(it(seems	secure(what(is(in(their(own(best(interest,(and(thus,(need(care.(but(it(seem	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	9	indisputable(that(children(have(a(pro$tanto(right(to(that(which(is(in(their(own(best	indisputable(that(children(have(a(pro$tanto(right(to(that(which(is(in(their(own(best	X
fpq-2987	18	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	11	interest:(all(other(things(equal,(children(ought(to(have(what(is(best(for(them	interest:(all(other(things(equal,(children(ought(to(have(what(is(best(for(them	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	12	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	14	given(this,(all(other(things(equal,(it(seems(that(the(caretaker(of(a(child(has(a(duty	given(this,(all(other(things(equal,(it(seems(that(the(caretaker(of(a(child(has(a(duty	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	16	to(provide(the(child(with(what(is(in(their(best(interest.(and(indeed,(for(this(reason	to(provide(the(child(with(what(is(in(their(best(interest.(and(indeed,(for(this(reason	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	18	it(seems(like(those(who(are(best(able(to(provide(the(child(with(what(is(in(its(best	it(seems(like(those(who(are(best(able(to(provide(the(child(with(what(is(in(its(b	ADJ
fpq-2987	18	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	20	interest(should(parent(the(child.(if(a(parent(is(nongoptimal,(it(seems(then(that(we	interest(should(parent(the(child.(if(a(parent(is(nongoptimal,(it(seems(then(that(we	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	22	ought(to(assign(parenthood(to(someone(else	ought(to(assign(parenthood(to(someone(else	ADV
fpq-2987	18	23	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	26	but(again,(it’s(definitional(of(the(role(parent(that(the(rolegfiller(has(an	but(again,(it’s(definitional(of(the(role(parent(that(the(rolegfiller(has(an	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	28	entitlement(to(decisiongmake(even(in(nongoptimal(ways.(in(the(philosophical	entitlement(to(decisiongmake(even(in(nongoptimal(ways.(in(the(philosophical	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	30	literature(on(parenthood,(the(usual(way(to(describe(this(entitlement(is(to(say(that	literature(on(parenthood,(the(usual(way(to(describe(this(entitlement(is(to(say(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	18	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	32	parents(have(a(right(to(parent(their(children(so(long(as(they(are(good(enough	parents(have(a(right(to(parent(their(children(so(long(as(they(are(good(enough	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	33	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	35	that(is,(so(long(as(the(care(they(provide(to(their(children(meets(a(minimum	that(is,(so(long(as(the(care(they(provide(to(their(children(meets(a(minimum	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	37	threshold(of(respect(to(the(child’s(interests,4(the(decisions(parents(make(do(not	threshold(of(respect(to(the(child’s(interests,4(the(decisions(parents(make(do(not	ADV
fpq-2987	18	38	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	39	affect(their(parental(rights(even(in(case(of(nongoptimality	affect(their(parental(rights(even(in(case(of(nongoptimality	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	40	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	43	3(i(am(conceptualising(parenthood(as(a(moral(role(here.(see,(for(example	3(i(am(conceptualising(parenthood(as(a(moral(role(here.(see,(for(example	NUM
fpq-2987	18	44	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	46	hardimon((1994)(or(porter((2012	hardimon((1994)(or(porter((2012	NOUN
fpq-2987	18	47	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	18	48	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	2	4(what(we(ought(to(take(to(count(as(good(enough(is(a(relatively(underexplored	4(what(we(ought(to(take(to(count(as(good(enough(is(a(relatively(underexplored	NUM
fpq-2987	19	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	4	question,(but(there(is(general(agreement(that(there(is(some(good(enough,(such(that	question,(but(there(is(general(agreement(that(there(is(some(good(enough,(such(that	PRON
fpq-2987	19	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	6	3	3	NUM
fpq-2987	19	7	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	8	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	9	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	10	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	19	11	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	19	12	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	13	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	19	14	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	19	15	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	17	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	19	18	given(it(is(clear(that(children(have(a(pro(tanto(right(to(have(their(best	given(it(is(clear(that(children(have(a(pro(tanto(right(to(have(their(best	X
fpq-2987	19	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	20	interests(catered(to,(then,(we(need(some(explanation(for(why(good(enough(is	interests(catered(to,(then,(we(need(some(explanation(for(why(good(enough(is	X
fpq-2987	19	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	22	good(enough:(we(need(to(know(what(explains(parents’(right(to(be(nongoptimal	good(enough:(we(need(to(know(what(explains(parents’(right(to(be(nongoptimal	PROPN
fpq-2987	19	23	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	25	even(in(the(face(of(children’s(best(interest(rights,(since(otherwise(we(would(have	even(in(the(face(of(children’s(best(interest(rights,(since(otherwise(we(would(have	X
fpq-2987	19	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	27	to(say(that(those(best(able(to(cater(to(children’s(best(interests(ought(to(be	to(say(that(those(best(able(to(cater(to(children’s(best(interests(ought(to(be	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	29	allowed(to(decisiongmake(on(their(behalf.(we(need(an(account(of(parental(rights	allowed(to(decisiongmake(on(their(behalf.(we(need(an(account(of(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	31	in(order(for(the(moral(role(of(parent(to(float	in(order(for(the(moral(role(of(parent(to(float	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	32	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	33	in(order(to(justify(parenthood.(so	in(order(to(justify(parenthood.(so	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	34	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	19	36	there(is(important(theoretical(reason(to(give(an(account(of(parental(rights	there(is(important(theoretical(reason(to(give(an(account(of(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	19	37	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	3	on(the(practical(side(of(things,(what(we(say(about(parental(rights(matters(a	on(the(practical(side(of(things,(what(we(say(about(parental(rights(matters(a	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	5	great(deal(in(a(relatively(small(minority(of(cases.(clearly,(the(rise(in(frequency(of	great(deal(in(a(relatively(small(minority(of(cases.(clearly,(the(rise(in(frequency(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	8	often(regulatorilygmessy)(assisted(reproduction(throws(up(new(challenges(to	often(regulatorilygmessy)(assisted(reproduction(throws(up(new(challenges(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	10	understanding(who(is(entitled(to(rear(a(given(child(and(why.(there(is(a(startling	understanding(who(is(entitled(to(rear(a(given(child(and(why.(there(is(a(startling	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	12	lack(of(clarity,(for(example,(surrounding(parentage(and(citizenship(in(cases(of	lack(of(clarity,(for(example,(surrounding(parentage(and(citizenship(in(cases(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	14	international(surrogacy.5(furthermore,(in(cases(of(nongassisted(reproduction	international(surrogacy.5(furthermore,(in(cases(of(nongassisted(reproduction	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	15	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	17	custody(disputes(are(often(settled(via(deciding(a(custody(arrangement(that	custody(disputes(are(often(settled(via(deciding(a(custody(arrangement(that	X
fpq-2987	20	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	19	simply(maximises(the(bestginterest(of(the(child,(and(without(much(regard(for(the	simply(maximises(the(bestginterest(of(the(child,(and(without(much(regard(for(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	21	rights(of(the(individual(parents.(and(while(the(child’s(best(interests(are(probably	rights(of(the(individual(parents.(and(while(the(child’s(best(interests(are(probably	ADV
fpq-2987	20	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	23	paramount,(still(it(seems(clear(enough(that(this(simple(way(of(settling(things(is	paramount,(still(it(seems(clear(enough(that(this(simple(way(of(settling(things(i	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	25	driven(more(by(practical(necessity(than(justice:(we(simply(don’t(have(a(clear(way	driven(more(by(practical(necessity(than(justice:(we(simply(don’t(have(a(clear(way	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	27	if(a(parent(is(at(or(above(this(standard,(she(has(the(right(to(parent(her(child.(it(has	if(a(parent(is(at(or(above(this(standard,(she(has(the(right(to(parent(her(child.(it(has	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	29	been(suggested(to(me(that(one(might(need(to(specify(what(counts(as(‘good(enough	been(suggested(to(me(that(one(might(need(to(specify(what(counts(as(‘good(enough	ADJ
fpq-2987	20	30	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	32	in(order(to(discuss(parental(rights,(since(we(might(think(that(one(reason(apparently	in(order(to(discuss(parental(rights,(since(we(might(think(that(one(reason(apparently	ADV
fpq-2987	20	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	34	nongoptimal(parents(have(a(right(to(continue(to(parent(their(children(is(that(it’s(in	nongoptimal(parents(have(a(right(to(continue(to(parent(their(children(is(that(it’s(in	ADV
fpq-2987	20	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	36	practice	practice	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	37	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	38	or(even(in(principle	or(even(in(principle	ADJ
fpq-2987	20	39	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	40	impossible(to(rank(parenting:(that(it’s(not(possible(to	impossible(to(rank(parenting:(that(it’s(not(possible(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	42	say(who(is(a(better(parent(than(whom.(but(if(this(is(right,(then(the(parental(rights	say(who(is(a(better(parent(than(whom.(but(if(this(is(right,(then(the(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	43	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	44	question(is,(in(some(sense,(moot,(since(we(would(not,(on(this(state(of(affairs,(be(able	question(is,(in(some(sense,(moot,(since(we(would(not,(on(this(state(of(affairs,(be(able	ADJ
fpq-2987	20	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	46	to(say(that(there(are(any(nongoptimal(parents:(just(that(there(are(apparently(nong	to(say(that(there(are(any(nongoptimal(parents:(just(that(there(are(apparently(nong	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	47	optimal(parents.(what(one(wants(out(of(a(theory(of(parental(rights(is(an(account(of	optimal(parents.(what(one(wants(out(of(a(theory(of(parental(rights(is(an(account(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	48	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	49	why(parents(have(a(right(to(continue(to(parent(their(children(even(if(they(are(indeed	why(parents(have(a(right(to(continue(to(parent(their(children(even(if(they(are(indeed	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	50	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	51	nongoptimal.(so,(the(discussion(of(the(right(can(proceed(on(the(assumption(that	nongoptimal.(so,(the(discussion(of(the(right(can(proceed(on(the(assumption(that	PRON
fpq-2987	20	52	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	53	there(is(some(metric(for(parenting(goodness,(even(if(we(also(have(reason(to(feel(a	there(is(some(metric(for(parenting(goodness,(even(if(we(also(have(reason(to(feel(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	54	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	55	certain(epistemological(or(even(conceptual(skepticism(about(this(claim.(if(it(turns	certain(epistemological(or(even(conceptual(skepticism(about(this(claim.(if(it(turn	NOUN
fpq-2987	20	56	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	57	out(that(judging(some(parents(a(bit(better(than(others(doesn’t(even(make(sense,(we	out(that(judging(some(parents(a(bit(better(than(others(doesn’t(even(make(sense,(we	ADJ
fpq-2987	20	58	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	59	can(still(talk(about(why(parents(have(a(right(that(would(hold(even(if(it(did(make	can(still(talk(about(why(parents(have(a(right(that(would(hold(even(if(it(did(make	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	60	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	61	sense.(if(one(disagrees(that(parents(have(such(rights(in(principle,(then(one(would	sense.(if(one(disagrees(that(parents(have(such(rights(in(principle,(then(one(would	AUX
fpq-2987	20	62	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	63	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	64	indeed,(need(to(say(more(about(what(counts(as(‘good(enough’.(but(in(this(paper,(i	indeed,(need(to(say(more(about(what(counts(as(‘good(enough’.(but(in(this(paper,(i	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	65	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	20	66	will(proceed(on(the(assumption(that(parents(have(such(rights(in(principle	will(proceed(on(the(assumption(that(parents(have(such(rights(in(principle	PROPN
fpq-2987	20	67	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	21	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	21	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	21	3	5(see,(for(example,(the(hcch((2014)(report:(‘the(desirability(and(feasibility(of	5(see,(for(example,(the(hcch((2014)(report:(‘the(desirability(and(feasibility(of	X
fpq-2987	21	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	21	5	further(work(on(the(parentage(/(surrogacy(project	further(work(on(the(parentage(/(surrogacy(project	PROPN
fpq-2987	21	6	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	21	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	22	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	22	2	4	4	NUM
fpq-2987	22	3	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	22	4	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	22	5	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	22	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	22	7	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	22	8	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	22	9	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	23	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	23	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	23	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	23	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	23	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	23	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	23	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	23	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	23	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	23	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	24	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	24	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	24	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	24	8	of(making(parental(rights(decisions(in(the(absence(of(gross(parental	of(making(parental(rights(decisions(in(the(absence(of(gross(parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	24	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	10	incompetence.(an(account(of(how(and(why(a(given(adult(has(a(right(to(rear(a	incompetence.(an(account(of(how(and(why(a(given(adult(has(a(right(to(rear(a	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	12	given(child(in(the(first(instance,(then,(can(help(to(give(a(richer(and(more(accurate	given(child(in(the(first(instance,(then,(can(help(to(give(a(richer(and(more(accurate	PROPN
fpq-2987	24	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	14	picture(of(what(judges(and(arbiters(ought(to(do(in(these(situations.(even(in(simple	picture(of(what(judges(and(arbiters(ought(to(do(in(these(situations.(even(in(simple	PROPN
fpq-2987	24	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	16	situations(of(parental(separation,(there(is(need(for(the(same(clarity,(if(we(are	situations(of(parental(separation,(there(is(need(for(the(same(clarity,(if(we(are	PROPN
fpq-2987	24	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	18	concerned(with(respecting(the(rights(of(individuals(and(families.(so,(there(is(good	concerned(with(respecting(the(rights(of(individuals(and(families.(so,(there(is(good	X
fpq-2987	24	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	20	practical(reason(to(want(a(sound(account(of(parental(rights	practical(reason(to(want(a(sound(account(of(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	21	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	25	standard(accounts(of(parental(rights(tend(to(suppose(some(sort(of	standard(accounts(of(parental(rights(tend(to(suppose(some(sort(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	27	biological(account(of(parenthood.(that(is,(they(tend(to(take(biological(parents(to	biological(account(of(parenthood.(that(is,(they(tend(to(take(biological(parents(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	29	be(the(persons(whose(rights(stand(in(need(of(explanation.(the(reason(for(this(is	be(the(persons(whose(rights(stand(in(need(of(explanation.(the(reason(for(this(is	X
fpq-2987	24	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	31	straightgforward:(in(the(case(of(adoptive(parents,(there(is(an(apparentlygclear	straightgforward:(in(the(case(of(adoptive(parents,(there(is(an(apparentlygclear	NOUN
fpq-2987	24	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	33	contractual(mechanism(for(explaining(both(duties(and(entitlements,(since((in(the	contractual(mechanism(for(explaining(both(duties(and(entitlements,(since((in(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	24	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	35	west(in(contemporary(times)(adoptive(parents(go(through(a(vetting(process,(at	west(in(contemporary(times)(adoptive(parents(go(through(a(vetting(process,(at	PROPN
fpq-2987	24	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	24	37	the(end(of(which(a(legal(contract(is(drawn(and(signed(by(parents(and(state	the(end(of(which(a(legal(contract(is(drawn(and(signed(by(parents(and(state	PROPN
fpq-2987	24	38	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	2	adoptive(parents(have(the(duties(and(more(importantly(the(entitlements(of	adoptive(parents(have(the(duties(and(more(importantly(the(entitlements(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	4	parenthood,(then,(because(those(duties(and(entitlements(have(been(accepted(by	parenthood,(then,(because(those(duties(and(entitlements(have(been(accepted(by	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	6	them(by(contract,(and(have(exactly(been(granted(them(by(appropriate(authority	them(by(contract,(and(have(exactly(been(granted(them(by(appropriate(authority	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	10	biological(parents,(on(the(other(hand,(have(simply(made(a(baby.(in(general	biological(parents,(on(the(other(hand,(have(simply(made(a(baby.(in(general	ADJ
fpq-2987	25	11	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	13	biological(parents(have(not(been(vetted;(they(have(not(signed(a(contract;(there(is	biological(parents(have(not(been(vetted;(they(have(not(signed(a(contract;(there(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	15	no(presumption,(as(in(adoption,(that(these(people(in(particular(are(the(child	no(presumption,(as(in(adoption,(that(these(people(in(particular(are(the(child	NOUN
fpq-2987	25	16	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	25	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	18	best(chance(of(having(her(best(interests(catered(to.(and(yet,(we(tend(to(think	best(chance(of(having(her(best(interests(catered(to.(and(yet,(we(tend(to(think	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	20	that(they(have(parental(entitlement(in(the(same(way(that(adoptive(parents(do	that(they(have(parental(entitlement(in(the(same(way(that(adoptive(parents(do	ADJ
fpq-2987	25	21	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	23	this(seems(to(need(an(explanation(where(adoptivegparental(rights(do(not.6(so	this(seems(to(need(an(explanation(where(adoptivegparental(rights(do(not.6(so	NOUN
fpq-2987	25	24	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	26	the(literature(on(grounding(parental(rights(tends(to(focus(on(biological(parents	the(literature(on(grounding(parental(rights(tends(to(focus(on(biological(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	25	27	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	29	and(the(usual(approach,(then,(is(to(give(a(biological(account(of(parental(rights:(to	and(the(usual(approach,(then,(is(to(give(a(biological(account(of(parental(rights:(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	25	31	ground(the(rights(in(the(biological(relatedness	ground(the(rights(in(the(biological(relatedness	PROPN
fpq-2987	25	32	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	3	the(trouble(with(grounding(the(rights(in(the(biological(relatedness(is(that	the(trouble(with(grounding(the(rights(in(the(biological(relatedness(is(that	X
fpq-2987	26	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	5	biological(accounts(tend(to(collapse(into(proprietary(accounts(of(one(variety(or	biological(accounts(tend(to(collapse(into(proprietary(accounts(of(one(variety(or	PROPN
fpq-2987	26	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	7	other:(they(tend(to(collapse(into(the(claim(that(parents(have(the(right(to(parent	other:(they(tend(to(collapse(into(the(claim(that(parents(have(the(right(to(parent	PROPN
fpq-2987	26	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	9	their(children(because(they(own(their(children.(this(collapse(can(be(immediate	their(children(because(they(own(their(children.(this(collapse(can(be(immediate	ADJ
fpq-2987	26	10	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	12	or(mediated.(an(immediate(collapse(occurs(in(the(case(of(straight(genetic	or(mediated.(an(immediate(collapse(occurs(in(the(case(of(straight(genetic	PROPN
fpq-2987	26	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	14	6(despite(this(explanation,(the(simple(truth(of(it(is(probably(that(the(real	6(despite(this(explanation,(the(simple(truth(of(it(is(probably(that(the(real	NUM
fpq-2987	26	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	16	reason(we(focus(on(biological(parents’(rights(is(that(we(tend(to(think(that(biological	reason(we(focus(on(biological(parents’(rights(is(that(we(tend(to(think(that(biological	PROPN
fpq-2987	26	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	18	parents(are(the(real(parents,(and(as(such,(are(the(ones(with(the(rights.(i(disagree	parents(are(the(real(parents,(and(as(such,(are(the(ones(with(the(rights.(i(disagree	X
fpq-2987	26	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	20	with(this((see(my((2014),(and(section(5(of(this(paper),(but(i(agree(that(parents(having	with(this((see(my((2014),(and(section(5(of(this(paper),(but(i(agree(that(parents(having	X
fpq-2987	26	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	22	rights(in(virtue(of(being(the(biological(progenitors(stands(in(need(of(explanation:(it	rights(in(virtue(of(being(the(biological(progenitors(stands(in(need(of(explanation:(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	26	23	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	26	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	25	not(obvious(why(biological(relatedness(should(be(rightsggenerating,(if(it(is;(and(it	not(obvious(why(biological(relatedness(should(be(rightsggenerating,(if(it(is;(and(it	X
fpq-2987	26	26	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	26	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	26	28	nongobvious(why(giving(birth(to(a(baby(ought(to(entitle(you(to(keep(it(and(raise(it	nongobvious(why(giving(birth(to(a(baby(ought(to(entitle(you(to(keep(it(and(raise(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	26	29	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	27	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	27	2	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	27	3	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	27	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	27	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	27	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	27	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	27	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	27	9	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	27	10	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	27	11	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	27	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	27	13	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	27	14	accounts(of(parental(obligations.(a(mediated(account(occurs(when(labour(is	accounts(of(parental(obligations.(a(mediated(account(occurs(when(labour(is	X
fpq-2987	27	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	27	16	appealed(to(in(order(to(drive(the(rights(claim	appealed(to(in(order(to(drive(the(rights(claim	PROPN
fpq-2987	27	17	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	2	a(straight(genetic(account(says(that((genetic)(parents(have(rights(to(and	a(straight(genetic(account(says(that((genetic)(parents(have(rights(to(and	ADV
fpq-2987	28	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	4	over(their(child(because(the(child(is(the(product(of(their(genetic(material((e.g	over(their(child(because(the(child(is(the(product(of(their(genetic(material((e.g	NUM
fpq-2987	28	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	8	hall(1999).(but(the(story(can’t(end(here,(since(‘genetic(materials’(are(in(the(end	hall(1999).(but(the(story(can’t(end(here,(since(‘genetic(materials’(are(in(the(end	NOUN
fpq-2987	28	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	10	just(chemical(sequences.(chemical(sequences(are(not(the(sorts(of(things,(on(their	just(chemical(sequences.(chemical(sequences(are(not(the(sorts(of(things,(on(their	PROPN
fpq-2987	28	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	12	own,(that(can(be(morally(weighty(enough(to(drive(a(rights(claim.7(so,(in(order(to	own,(that(can(be(morally(weighty(enough(to(drive(a(rights(claim.7(so,(in(order(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	28	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	14	ground(parental(rights(in(genes,(one(must(argue(not(just(that(parent(and(child	ground(parental(rights(in(genes,(one(must(argue(not(just(that(parent(and(child	PROPN
fpq-2987	28	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	16	share(genetic(material,(but(that(the(genetic(material(belongs(to(the(parent,(and	share(genetic(material,(but(that(the(genetic(material(belongs(to(the(parent,(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	28	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	18	thus,(so(do(the(products(of(it((i.e.(the(offspring(produced(with(it	thus,(so(do(the(products(of(it((i.e.(the(offspring(produced(with(it	NOUN
fpq-2987	28	19	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	28	20	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	3	this(is(an(easy(strategy(to(reach(for,(since(it(seems(quite(plausible(that(for	this(is(an(easy(strategy(to(reach(for,(since(it(seems(quite(plausible(that(for	ADV
fpq-2987	29	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	5	each(of(us,(our(bodies(belong(to(ourselves.(if(our(bodies(belong(to(us,(then(surely	each(of(us,(our(bodies(belong(to(ourselves.(if(our(bodies(belong(to(us,(then(surely	ADV
fpq-2987	29	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	7	our(genes(belong(to(us,(since(they(are(just(what(make(up(our(bodies.(just(as(we	our(genes(belong(to(us,(since(they(are(just(what(make(up(our(bodies.(just(as(we	NOUN
fpq-2987	29	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	9	have(rights(over(our(bodies((over(ourselves),(so(we(have(rights(over(other(stuffs	have(rights(over(our(bodies((over(ourselves),(so(we(have(rights(over(other(stuffs	NUM
fpq-2987	29	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	11	produced(by(and(from(our(bodies.(so,(on(this(sort(of(account,(we(can(get(easily	produced(by(and(from(our(bodies.(so,(on(this(sort(of(account,(we(can(get(easily	ADV
fpq-2987	29	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	13	from(our(rights(over(ourselves(to(our(parental(rights.(but(this(belongingness(will	from(our(rights(over(ourselves(to(our(parental(rights.(but(this(belongingness(will	PROPN
fpq-2987	29	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	15	need(to(be(of(a(sort(that(can(generate(rights(over(the(object(of(the(belonging.(it(is	need(to(be(of(a(sort(that(can(generate(rights(over(the(object(of(the(belonging.(it(i	NOUN
fpq-2987	29	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	17	difficult(to(see(what(sort(of(belonging(could(do(so,(other(than(ownership.8	difficult(to(see(what(sort(of(belonging(could(do(so,(other(than(ownership.8	NOUN
fpq-2987	29	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	20	indeed,(when(i(claim(rights(over(my(own(body,(i(do(so(via(the(claim(that(i(own(it:(i	indeed,(when(i(claim(rights(over(my(own(body,(i(do(so(via(the(claim(that(i(own(it:(i	NOUN
fpq-2987	29	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	22	own(my(body,(and(that(is(why(i(have(rights(over(it.(same(will(go,(then,(for(my	own(my(body,(and(that(is(why(i(have(rights(over(it.(same(will(go,(then,(for(my	NOUN
fpq-2987	29	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	24	genetic(children.(a(straight(genetic(account(of(parental(rights,(then,(collapses	genetic(children.(a(straight(genetic(account(of(parental(rights,(then,(collapse	NOUN
fpq-2987	29	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	29	26	immediately(into(a(proprietary(account	immediately(into(a(proprietary(account	ADJ
fpq-2987	29	27	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	3	7(the(problem(is(worse(than(this,(since,(for(example,(we(share(the(vast	7(the(problem(is(worse(than(this,(since,(for(example,(we(share(the(vast	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	5	majority(of(our(genetic(code(with(all(mammals.(the(unique(sameness(between(a	majority(of(our(genetic(code(with(all(mammals.(the(unique(sameness(between(a	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	7	parent(and(her(child(will(be(so(vanishingly(tiny(a(thin(thread(of(code,(it’s(perfectly	parent(and(her(child(will(be(so(vanishingly(tiny(a(thin(thread(of(code,(it’s(perfectly	ADV
fpq-2987	30	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	9	implausible(that(this(should,(on(its(own,(matter(morally(in(such(a(significant(way	implausible(that(this(should,(on(its(own,(matter(morally(in(such(a(significant(way	PROPN
fpq-2987	30	10	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	11	not(to(mention(the(fact(that(siblings,(for(example,(will(share(more(in(common	not(to(mention(the(fact(that(siblings,(for(example,(will(share(more(in(common	PROPN
fpq-2987	30	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	14	geneticallygspeaking,(than(parentgchild(pairs.(big(brother(might(have(a(greater(claim	geneticallygspeaking,(than(parentgchild(pairs.(big(brother(might(have(a(greater(claim	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	16	to(parenthood(than(dad(does	to(parenthood(than(dad(doe	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	17	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	19	8(it(is(not(too(difficult(to(think(of(senses(of(‘belongs(to’(that(do(not(imply	8(it(is(not(too(difficult(to(think(of(senses(of(‘belongs(to’(that(do(not(imply	ADV
fpq-2987	30	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	21	ownership.(for(example,(i(might(say(that(i(belong(to(a(gym((if(i(did).(and(clearly(i’m	ownership.(for(example,(i(might(say(that(i(belong(to(a(gym((if(i(did).(and(clearly(i’m	ADJ
fpq-2987	30	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	23	not(claiming(that(the(gym(owns(me.(but(just(as(clearly,(this(sort(of(belonging(isn’t	not(claiming(that(the(gym(owns(me.(but(just(as(clearly,(this(sort(of(belonging(isn’t	ADJ
fpq-2987	30	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	25	rightsggenerating(for(the(belongee.(the(gym(does(not(have(any(rights(over(me((save	rightsggenerating(for(the(belongee.(the(gym(does(not(have(any(rights(over(me((save	PROPN
fpq-2987	30	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	27	the(rights(it(always(had,(like(the(right(against(my(stealing(towels,(etc.)(in(virtue(of(my	the(rights(it(always(had,(like(the(right(against(my(stealing(towels,(etc.)(in(virtue(of(my	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	29	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	30	belonging(to’(it.(on(the(other(hand,(we(can(think(of(lots(of(instances(of(‘belonging	belonging(to’(it.(on(the(other(hand,(we(can(think(of(lots(of(instances(of(‘belonge	VERB
fpq-2987	30	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	32	to’(that(do(generate(rights:(this(pencil(belongs(to(me;(this(idea(belongs(to(me;(this	to’(that(do(generate(rights:(this(pencil(belongs(to(me;(this(idea(belongs(to(me;(this	X
fpq-2987	30	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	34	puppy(belongs(to(me.(in(all(of(these(examples,(‘belongs(to’(seems(to(mean(is(owned	puppy(belongs(to(me.(in(all(of(these(examples,(‘belongs(to’(seems(to(mean(is(owned	PROPN
fpq-2987	30	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	36	by(me	by(me	PROPN
fpq-2987	30	37	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	38	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	39	6	6	NUM
fpq-2987	30	40	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	30	41	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	42	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	30	43	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	30	44	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	45	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	30	46	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	31	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	31	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	31	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	31	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	31	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	31	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	31	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	31	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	31	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	31	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	32	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	32	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	32	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	32	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	32	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	32	8	the(key(strategy(that(is(often(employed(to(avoid(the(proprietary(collapse(is	the(key(strategy(that(is(often(employed(to(avoid(the(proprietary(collapse(is	NUM
fpq-2987	32	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	10	to(appeal(to(labour:(in(the(style(of(locke,(i(have(rights(over(the(products(of(my	to(appeal(to(labour:(in(the(style(of(locke,(i(have(rights(over(the(products(of(my	X
fpq-2987	32	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	12	labour.9(on(this(sort(of(account,(parental(rights(aren’t(generated(via(bodilyg(or	labour.9(on(this(sort(of(account,(parental(rights(aren’t(generated(via(bodilyg(or	X
fpq-2987	32	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	14	selfgownership,(but(rather,(via(the(bodily((and(other)(labour(involved(in	selfgownership,(but(rather,(via(the(bodily((and(other)(labour(involved(in	X
fpq-2987	32	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	16	producing(progeny.10(this(sort(of(account(both(solves(the(worry(over(how(genetic	producing(progeny.10(this(sort(of(account(both(solves(the(worry(over(how(genetic	X
fpq-2987	32	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	18	material(can(be(rightsggenerating,(and(avoids(the(immediate(collapse(in(to	material(can(be(rightsggenerating,(and(avoids(the(immediate(collapse(in(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	32	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	20	proprietarianism.(but(of(course,(while(it(does(not(collapse(immediately(into(a	proprietarianism.(but(of(course,(while(it(does(not(collapse(immediately(into(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	32	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	22	proprietary(account,(it(certainly(does(collapse.(one(does(not,(on(this(sort(of	proprietary(account,(it(certainly(does(collapse.(one(does(not,(on(this(sort(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	32	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	24	account,(have(to(appeal(to(ownership(of(one’s(body,(and(thereby(ownership(of	account,(have(to(appeal(to(ownership(of(one’s(body,(and(thereby(ownership(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	32	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	26	offspring;(but(one(does(have(to(appeal,(just(as(the(nod(to(locke(implies,(to	offspring;(but(one(does(have(to(appeal,(just(as(the(nod(to(locke(implies,(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	32	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	28	ownership(of(the(fruits(of(one’s(labour.(so,(even(though(this(sort(of(account(is	ownership(of(the(fruits(of(one’s(labour.(so,(even(though(this(sort(of(account(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	32	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	30	less(directly(a(proprietary(account,(it(is(a(proprietary(account(all(the(same.(its	less(directly(a(proprietary(account,(it(is(a(proprietary(account(all(the(same.(its	PROPN
fpq-2987	32	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	32	punchline(is(that(parents(own(their(children,(and(that(parental(rights(follow(from	punchline(is(that(parents(own(their(children,(and(that(parental(rights(follow(from	PROPN
fpq-2987	32	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	32	34	this	this	PRON
fpq-2987	32	35	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	3	i(will(claim	i(will(claim	NOUN
fpq-2987	33	4	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	5	and(i(assume(it(is(fairly(uncontentious	and(i(assume(it(is(fairly(uncontentious	ADJ
fpq-2987	33	6	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	7	that(a(proprietary	that(a(proprietary	ADJ
fpq-2987	33	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	9	account(of(parenthood(shout(be(avoided.(that(is,(we(don’t(want(to(give(an	account(of(parenthood(shout(be(avoided.(that(is,(we(don’t(want(to(give(an	NOUN
fpq-2987	33	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	11	account(of(parenthood(that(tells(us(that(parents((or(anyone,(for(that(matter)(own	account(of(parenthood(that(tells(us(that(parents((or(anyone,(for(that(matter)(own	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	13	their(children.(proprietary(accounts(have(a(long(history(in(western(thinking(about	their(children.(proprietary(accounts(have(a(long(history(in(western(thinking(about	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	15	parenthood.(for(example,(aristotle(writes(that	parenthood.(for(example,(aristotle(writes(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	19	[	[	X
fpq-2987	33	20	t]here(is(no(injustice(in(an(unqualified(sense(in(relation(to(what(is(one	t]here(is(no(injustice(in(an(unqualified(sense(in(relation(to(what(is(one	NOUN
fpq-2987	33	21	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	33	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	23	own,(and(a(chattel,(or(a(child(until(it(is(of(a(certain(age(and(becomes	own,(and(a(chattel,(or(a(child(until(it(is(of(a(certain(age(and(become	NOUN
fpq-2987	33	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	25	independent,(is(like(a(part(of(oneself,(and(oneself(–(no(one(decides(to(harm	independent,(is(like(a(part(of(oneself,(and(oneself(–(no(one(decides(to(harm	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	27	that.(.(.((as(cited(in(austin(2007,(13)11	that.(.(.((as(cited(in(austin(2007,(13)11	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	30	in(the(contemporary(literature,(authors(like(edgar(page(and(others(have	in(the(contemporary(literature,(authors(like(edgar(page(and(others(have	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	33	32	offered(more(nuanced(proprietary(arguments((e.g	offered(more(nuanced(proprietary(arguments((e.g	PROPN
fpq-2987	33	33	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	1	,(page(1984).(and(it(is(easy(to	,(page(1984).(and(it(is(easy(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	34	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	3	see(why(proprietary(accounts(would(be(common:(in(the(first(instance,(it(is(just	see(why(proprietary(accounts(would(be(common:(in(the(first(instance,(it(is(just	PROPN
fpq-2987	34	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	5	quite(common(to(think(of(children(as(possessions,(even(if(these(days(fewer	quite(common(to(think(of(children(as(possessions,(even(if(these(days(fewer	PROPN
fpq-2987	34	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	7	people(are(willing(to(talk(or(think(about(them(in(this(way.(and(further	people(are(willing(to(talk(or(think(about(them(in(this(way.(and(further	NUM
fpq-2987	34	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	10	theoreticallygspeaking,(ownership(is(a(very(good(way(to(ground(rights(over(a	theoreticallygspeaking,(ownership(is(a(very(good(way(to(ground(rights(over(a	VERB
fpq-2987	34	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	34	12	thing.(but(there(are(many(reasons(why(we(ought(not(accept(such(a(view	thing.(but(there(are(many(reasons(why(we(ought(not(accept(such(a(view	NOUN
fpq-2987	34	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	3	michael(austin((2007),(for(example,(argues(that(because(babies(are(human	michael(austin((2007),(for(example,(argues(that(because(babies(are(human	X
fpq-2987	35	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	5	beings,(and(human(beings(cannot(be(owned,(proprietary(accounts(of(parenthood	beings,(and(human(beings(cannot(be(owned,(proprietary(accounts(of(parenthood	ADJ
fpq-2987	35	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	7	are(incoherent((12).(such(an(objection(is(problematic(for(all(the(reasons(that	are(incoherent((12).(such(an(objection(is(problematic(for(all(the(reasons(that	X
fpq-2987	35	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	9	9(though(note(that(locke(does(not(give(a(labourgbased(account(of(parental	9(though(note(that(locke(does(not(give(a(labourgbased(account(of(parental	NUM
fpq-2987	35	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	11	rights.(see(brennan(and(noggle((1997,(11	rights.(see(brennan(and(noggle((1997,(11	NOUN
fpq-2987	35	12	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	35	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	36	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	36	2	10(see(e.g.(narveson((1988	10(see(e.g.(narveson((1988	NUM
fpq-2987	36	3	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	36	4	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	37	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	37	2	11(taken(from(nicomachean$ethics(book(v,(1134b	11(taken(from(nicomachean$ethics(book(v,(1134b	NUM
fpq-2987	37	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	2	7	7	NUM
fpq-2987	38	3	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	38	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	38	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	9	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	38	10	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	38	11	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	13	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	38	14	speciesist(accounts(of(moral(status(are(problematic	speciesist(accounts(of(moral(status(are(problematic	ADJ
fpq-2987	38	15	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	16	since(babies(aren’t(moral(or	since(babies(aren’t(moral(or	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	18	rational(agents,(etc.—but(the(objection(does(point(us(towards(clear(problems	rational(agents,(etc.—but(the(objection(does(point(us(towards(clear(problem	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	20	with(baby(ownership(accounts.12(in(particular,(it’s(not(clear(how	with(baby(ownership(accounts.12(in(particular,(it’s(not(clear(how	X
fpq-2987	38	21	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	38	22	why(it(could(be	why(it(could(be	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	24	the(case(that(i(both(own(my(child,(and(that(i(undoubtedly(own(myself.(both	the(case(that(i(both(own(my(child,(and(that(i(undoubtedly(own(myself.(both	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	26	biological(and(labourgbased(proprietary(accounts(need,(for(their(validity,(the	biological(and(labourgbased(proprietary(accounts(need,(for(their(validity,(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	28	claim(that(i(own(myself;(that(every(person(is(such(that(she(or(he(owns(herself(and	claim(that(i(own(myself;(that(every(person(is(such(that(she(or(he(owns(herself(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	30	her(body.(biological(accounts(need(it,(since(this(is(how(we(get(to(the(claim(that(i	her(body.(biological(accounts(need(it,(since(this(is(how(we(get(to(the(claim(that(i	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	32	own(my(gametes;(and(labour(accounts(need(it,(since(this(is(how(we(ground(the	own(my(gametes;(and(labour(accounts(need(it,(since(this(is(how(we(ground(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	34	claim(that(i(own(my(labour.(but,(if(it’s(foundational(that(i(own(myself,(how(can(it	claim(that(i(own(my(labour.(but,(if(it’s(foundational(that(i(own(myself,(how(can(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	36	be(that(someone(else((namely,(me)(owns(my(child?(doesn’t(she(own(herself?(we	be(that(someone(else((namely,(me)(owns(my(child?(doesn’t(she(own(herself?(we	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	38	might(tell(some(story(or(other(about(ownership(being(transferred(from(parent(s	might(tell(some(story(or(other(about(ownership(being(transferred(from(parent(s	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	39	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	41	to(child(at(some(age(or(level(of(maturity,(but(we(would(need(to(tell(a(story	to(child(at(some(age(or(level(of(maturity,(but(we(would(need(to(tell(a(story	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	42	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	43	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	44	indeed:(we(would(need(to(explain(how,(why(and(when(ownership(is(so	indeed:(we(would(need(to(explain(how,(why(and(when(ownership(is(so	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	46	transferred.(13(does(it(happen(automatically,(or(must(parents(surrender	transferred.(13(does(it(happen(automatically,(or(must(parents(surrender	NUM
fpq-2987	38	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	48	ownership?(can(parents(refuse(such(surrender?(if(so,(then(how(is(it(undoubted	ownership?(can(parents(refuse(such(surrender?(if(so,(then(how(is(it(undoubted	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	49	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	50	that(even(every(adult(owns(herself?(mightn’t(some(adults(still(be(owned(by(their	that(even(every(adult(owns(herself?(mightn’t(some(adults(still(be(owned(by(their	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	51	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	52	parents?(if(parents(cannot(refuse(surrender,(then(how(does(this(sort(of	parents?(if(parents(cannot(refuse(surrender,(then(how(does(this(sort(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	53	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	54	ownership	ownership	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	55	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	56	a(sort(that(must(be(relinquished,(willingly(or(unwillingly,(after(a	a(sort(that(must(be(relinquished,(willingly(or(unwillingly,(after(a	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	57	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	58	certain(period	certain(period	PROPN
fpq-2987	38	59	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	60	relate(to(other(sorts(of(ownership?(and(why(should(we(think(it	relate(to(other(sorts(of(ownership?(and(why(should(we(think(it	ADV
fpq-2987	38	61	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	38	62	rightsggenerating(in(the(way(that(other(sorts(of(ownership(are?(and(so(on	rightsggenerating(in(the(way(that(other(sorts(of(ownership(are?(and(so(on	NOUN
fpq-2987	38	63	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	3	it(might(be(the(case(that(we(could(devise(a(crafty(and(nuanced(account(of	it(might(be(the(case(that(we(could(devise(a(crafty(and(nuanced(account(of	X
fpq-2987	39	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	5	how(it(can(be(that(every(adult(owns(herself,(while(children(are(owned(by	how(it(can(be(that(every(adult(owns(herself,(while(children(are(owned(by	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	7	someone(else,(but(it’s(not(clear(why(we(would(want(to(try.(it(would(not(be(a	someone(else,(but(it’s(not(clear(why(we(would(want(to(try.(it(would(not(be(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	9	simple(way(to(explain(parental(rights,(and,(once(we(sort(out(all(the(details	simple(way(to(explain(parental(rights,(and,(once(we(sort(out(all(the(detail	NOUN
fpq-2987	39	10	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	12	neither(would(it(be(intuitive.(most(importantly,(there(is(simply(something	neither(would(it(be(intuitive.(most(importantly,(there(is(simply(somethe	VERB
fpq-2987	39	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	14	unsavoury(about(the(claim(that(parents(own(their(children.(as(samantha(brennan	unsavoury(about(the(claim(that(parents(own(their(children.(as(samantha(brennan	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	16	and(robert(noggle((1997)(put(it,(‘[c]ounting(a(person(as(the(property(of(another	and(robert(noggle((1997)(put(it,(‘[c]ounting(a(person(as(the(property(of(another	ADV
fpq-2987	39	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	18	is(clearly(inconsistent(with(granting(her(equal(moral(consideration’(11).(what(it	is(clearly(inconsistent(with(granting(her(equal(moral(consideration’(11).(what(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	20	seems(that(we(want(is(an(account(of(parental(rights(that(can(explain(why(good	seems(that(we(want(is(an(account(of(parental(rights(that(can(explain(why(good	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	22	enough(is(good(enough	enough(is(good(enough	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	23	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	24	that(is,(why(parents(have(the(right(to(rear(and(to	that(is,(why(parents(have(the(right(to(rear(and(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	26	decisiongmake(on(behalf(of(their(children(even(if(someone(else(would(do(it	decisiongmake(on(behalf(of(their(children(even(if(someone(else(would(do(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	28	better	well	ADJ
fpq-2987	39	29	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	39	30	without(appealing(to(ownership	without(appealing(to(ownership	PROPN
fpq-2987	39	31	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	3	in(the(next(section,(i(will(present(anca(gheaus’s(nongproprietary(gestational	in(the(next(section,(i(will(present(anca(gheaus’s(nongproprietary(gestational	X
fpq-2987	40	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	5	account(of(parental(rights.(gheaus(takes(her(account(to(ground(parental(rights(in	account(of(parental(rights.(gheaus(takes(her(account(to(ground(parental(rights(in	PROPN
fpq-2987	40	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	7	the(labour(of(gestation,(and(to(do(so(successfully(without(appealing(to	the(labour(of(gestation,(and(to(do(so(successfully(without(appealing(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	40	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	9	ownership.(if(it(works,(then,(it(is(just(what(we(want:(an(account(of(parental(rights	ownership.(if(it(works,(then,(it(is(just(what(we(want:(an(account(of(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	40	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	11	12(see(singer((2006	12(see(singer((2006	NUM
fpq-2987	40	12	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	40	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	41	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	41	2	13(and(indeed,(i(think(this(sort(of(story(will(be(very(acceptable(to(some(more	13(and(indeed,(i(think(this(sort(of(story(will(be(very(acceptable(to(some(more	NUM
fpq-2987	41	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	41	4	conservative(types	conservative(type	NOUN
fpq-2987	41	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	42	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	42	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	42	3	8	8	NUM
fpq-2987	42	4	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	42	5	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	42	6	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	42	7	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	42	8	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	42	9	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	42	10	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	43	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	43	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	43	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	43	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	43	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	43	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	43	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	43	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	43	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	43	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	44	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	44	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	44	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	44	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	44	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	44	8	that(explains(why(good(enough(is(good(enough,(using(a(clear(explanatory	that(explains(why(good(enough(is(good(enough,(using(a(clear(explanatory	ADJ
fpq-2987	44	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	10	mechanism(and(grounding,(that(gets(us(validly(from(the(facts(about(biological	mechanism(and(grounding,(that(gets(us(validly(from(the(facts(about(biological	ADJ
fpq-2987	44	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	12	parenthood(to(parental(rights	parenthood(to(parental(rights	PROPN
fpq-2987	44	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	16	in(section(3,(i(will(canvass(three(initial(objections(one(might(raise(to	in(section(3,(i(will(canvass(three(initial(objections(one(might(raise(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	44	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	44	18	gheaus’s(account,(and(argue(that(two(of(them,(anyway,(can(be(done(away(with	gheaus’s(account,(and(argue(that(two(of(them,(anyway,(can(be(done(away(with	PROPN
fpq-2987	44	19	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	45	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	2	but(in(section(4,(i(will(argue(that(all(the(same(the(account(does(not(work.(because	but(in(section(4,(i(will(argue(that(all(the(same(the(account(does(not(work.(because	NOUN
fpq-2987	45	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	4	the(account(hinges(crucially(on(an(empirical(claim	the(account(hinges(crucially(on(an(empirical(claim	NOUN
fpq-2987	45	5	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	6	the(claim(that(pregnant	the(claim(that(pregnant	X
fpq-2987	45	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	8	women(‘bond’(with(their(fetuses,(and(that(this(bonding(is(an(interpersonal	women(‘bond’(with(their(fetuses,(and(that(this(bonding(is(an(interpersonal	ADJ
fpq-2987	45	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fpq-2987	45	11	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	12	that(turns(out(to(be(problematic(at(best,(we(cannot(get(from(the	that(turns(out(to(be(problematic(at(best,(we(cannot(get(from(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	45	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	14	labour(of(gestation(to(parental(rights(in(the(way(gheaus(proposes;(it(just(doesn’t	labour(of(gestation(to(parental(rights(in(the(way(gheaus(proposes;(it(just(doesn’t	PROPN
fpq-2987	45	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	45	16	work	work	NOUN
fpq-2987	45	17	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	4	section)2:)gheaus’s)nondproprietary)gestational)account	section)2:)gheaus’s)nondproprietary)gestational)account	NOUN
fpq-2987	46	5	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	6	gheaus(argues(that(gestation(generates(parental(rights.(she(writes	gheaus(argues(that(gestation(generates(parental(rights.(she(write	NOUN
fpq-2987	46	7	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	11	given(that(babies(come(into(the(world(through(a(gradual,(sometimes	given(that(babies(come(into(the(world(through(a(gradual,(sometime	NOUN
fpq-2987	46	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	13	complicated,(approximately(ninegmonth(long(gestation(in(their(mothers	complicated,(approximately(ninegmonth(long(gestation(in(their(mother	NOUN
fpq-2987	46	14	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	16	bodies,(by(the(time(of(the(birth(the(birth(parents(will(have(already	bodies,(by(the(time(of(the(birth(the(birth(parents(will(have(already	PROPN
fpq-2987	46	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	46	18	shouldered(various(burdens(necessary(to(bring(the(child(into(existence	shouldered(various(burdens(necessary(to(bring(the(child(into(existence	NOUN
fpq-2987	46	19	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	3	2012,(436	2012,(436	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	4	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	7	she(points(out(that(the(physical(burdens(of(pregnancy(carry(high(cost(for	she(points(out(that(the(physical(burdens(of(pregnancy(carry(high(cost(for	PROPN
fpq-2987	47	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	9	the(expectant(mother,(and(have(a(significant(effect(on(many(women’s(ability(to	the(expectant(mother,(and(have(a(significant(effect(on(many(women’s(ability(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	11	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	12	carry(on(with(life(as(usual’((447).(pregnant(women(often(endure(fatigue,(aches	carry(on(with(life(as(usual’((447).(pregnant(women(often(endure(fatigue,(ache	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	14	and(pains,(nausea(and(so(on(and(for(some,(much(worse(than(this.(these(aches	and(pains,(nausea(and(so(on(and(for(some,(much(worse(than(this.(these(ache	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	15	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	17	pains(and(other(troubles(interfere(with(their(ability(to(perform(tasks,(carry(on	pains(and(other(troubles(interfere(with(their(ability(to(perform(tasks,(carry(on	X
fpq-2987	47	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	19	with(paid(employment(as(usual,(and(maintain(interpersonal(relationships.(she	with(paid(employment(as(usual,(and(maintain(interpersonal(relationships.(she	X
fpq-2987	47	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	21	writes(that	writes(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	47	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	25	some(of(the(most(important(burdens(of(pregnancy(result(from(the(extent	some(of(the(most(important(burdens(of(pregnancy(result(from(the(extent	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	27	and(pace(of(change,(undergone(by(all(pregnant(women,(which(often	and(pace(of(change,(undergone(by(all(pregnant(women,(which(often	VERB
fpq-2987	47	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	29	contributes(to(a(distinctive(sense(of(losing(control(over(one’s(life(and	contributes(to(a(distinctive(sense(of(losing(control(over(one’s(life(and	X
fpq-2987	47	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	31	diminished(ability(to(pursue(other(projects(and(interests(during(pregnancy	diminished(ability(to(pursue(other(projects(and(interests(during(pregnancy	PROPN
fpq-2987	47	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	33	as(well(as(during(recovery(from(childbirth.((447	as(well(as(during(recovery(from(childbirth.((447	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	34	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	38	furthermore,(many(women(also(pay(behavioural(costs(during(pregnancy	furthermore,(many(women(also(pay(behavioural(costs(during(pregnancy	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	39	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	40	such	such	ADJ
fpq-2987	47	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	42	as(limits(to(what(they(can(eat(and(drink	as(limits(to(what(they(can(eat(and(drink	ADJ
fpq-2987	47	43	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	44	and(social(ones(like(patronising	and(social(ones(like(patronise	VERB
fpq-2987	47	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	47	46	behaviour(from(strangers	behaviour(from(stranger	NOUN
fpq-2987	47	47	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	3	all(of(these(effects(of(pregnancy,(gheaus(argues,(should(be(understood(as	all(of(these(effects(of(pregnancy,(gheaus(argues,(should(be(understood(as	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	5	costs(borne(in(anticipation,(and(borne(precisely(because(of(anticipation,(that(the	costs(borne(in(anticipation,(and(borne(precisely(because(of(anticipation,(that(the	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	7	9	9	NUM
fpq-2987	48	8	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	9	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	10	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	11	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	48	12	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	48	13	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	14	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	48	15	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	48	16	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	17	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	18	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	48	19	outcome(will(be(a(child(to(parent.(because(of(this,(she(argues(that(gestational	outcome(will(be(a(child(to(parent.(because(of(this,(she(argues(that(gestational	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	21	mothers(have(a(right(to(parent.(so(in(other(words,(because(pregnant(women	mothers(have(a(right(to(parent.(so(in(other(words,(because(pregnant(woman	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	23	expend(labour(and(endure(hardship(towards(the(cause(of(bringing(a(child(into	expend(labour(and(endure(hardship(towards(the(cause(of(bringing(a(child(into	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	25	existence(and(towards(the(aim(of(parenting(a(child,(they(thereby(have(a(right(to	existence(and(towards(the(aim(of(parenting(a(child,(they(thereby(have(a(right(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	27	do(so.(gheaus(does(not(argue(that(this(right(is(inalienable.(where(serious	do(so.(gheaus(does(not(argue(that(this(right(is(inalienable.(where(serious	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	29	concerns(over(the(child’s(wellbeing(would(be(warranted(were(the(child(left(with	concerns(over(the(child’s(wellbeing(would(be(warranted(were(the(child(left(with	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	31	the(birth(parent,(the(child’s(interests(can(swamp(that(of(the(birth(mother	the(birth(parent,(the(child’s(interests(can(swamp(that(of(the(birth(mother	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	32	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	34	however,(where(the(birth(mother(is(a(good(enough(parent(to(meet(a(baseline(of	however,(where(the(birth(mother(is(a(good(enough(parent(to(meet(a(baseline(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	48	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	48	36	good(care,(she(has(a(right(to(do(so(in(virtue(of(gestation	good(care,(she(has(a(right(to(do(so(in(virtue(of(gestation	PROPN
fpq-2987	48	37	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	3	but(this(account,(as(gheaus(rightly(acknowledges,(does(not(give(birth	but(this(account,(as(gheaus(rightly(acknowledges,(does(not(give(birth	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	5	mothers(a(right(to(parent(any(particular(baby.(rather,(it(seems(only(able(to(give	mothers(a(right(to(parent(any(particular(baby.(rather,(it(seems(only(able(to(give	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	7	the(birth(mother(the(right(to(parent(a(baby.(this(right(then(would(be(consistent	the(birth(mother(the(right(to(parent(a(baby.(this(right(then(would(be(consistent	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	9	with((for(example)(a(babygswapping(scheme,(whereby(all(gestators(who(have(a	with((for(example)(a(babygswapping(scheme,(whereby(all(gestators(who(have(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	11	right(to(parent(have(an(equal(chance(at(raising((say)(a(healthy(child;(or(a(clever	right(to(parent(have(an(equal(chance(at(raising((say)(a(healthy(child;(or(a(clever	ADJ
fpq-2987	49	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	13	child;(or(etc	child;(or(etc	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	14	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	17	on(a(classical(sort(of(a(gestational(account,(this(gap(between(having(a(right	on(a(classical(sort(of(a(gestational(account,(this(gap(between(having(a(right	VERB
fpq-2987	49	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	19	to(parent,(and(having(a(right(to(parent(one’s(own(biological(child(would(be(filled	to(parent,(and(having(a(right(to(parent(one’s(own(biological(child(would(be(fille	VERB
fpq-2987	49	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	21	by(ownership:(mum(owns(her(own(baby;(she(has(a(right(not(just(to(parent(a(child	by(ownership:(mum(owns(her(own(baby;(she(has(a(right(not(just(to(parent(a(child	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	22	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	24	but(to(parent(her(child.(but(of(course,(as(was(said,(there(is(something(unsavoury	but(to(parent(her(child.(but(of(course,(as(was(said,(there(is(something(unsavoury	X
fpq-2987	49	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	26	about(the(claim(that(babies(can(be(owned;(that(they(can(be(property	about(the(claim(that(babies(can(be(owned;(that(they(can(be(property	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	27	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	30	gheaus(agrees(that(this(is(the(wrong(account	gheaus(agrees(that(this(is(the(wrong(account	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	31	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	32	she(assumes(that(the(idea(of	she(assumes(that(the(idea(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	34	child(ownership(is(‘outgdated’—and(relies(instead(on(bonding(between(woman	child(ownership(is(‘outgdated’—and(relies(instead(on(bonding(between(woman	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	36	and(fetus(in(the(course(of(gestation.(she(writes(that(‘during(pregnancy(many	and(fetus(in(the(course(of(gestation.(she(writes(that(‘during(pregnancy(many	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	37	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	38	perhaps(most	perhaps(most	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	39	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	40	expectant(parents(form(a(poignantly(embodied,(but(also	expectant(parents(form(a(poignantly(embodied,(but(also	ADV
fpq-2987	49	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	42	emotional,(intimate(relationship(with(their(fetus’((gheaus(2012,(446).(because	emotional,(intimate(relationship(with(their(fetus’((gheaus(2012,(446).(because	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	43	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	44	women(bond(with(their(fetuses(in(the(course(of(gestating(them,(gheaus(argues	women(bond(with(their(fetuses(in(the(course(of(gestating(them,(gheaus(argue	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	45	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	47	they(have(a(right(to(parent(the(baby(with(which(they(have(bonded.(during(the	they(have(a(right(to(parent(the(baby(with(which(they(have(bonded.(during(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	48	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	49	course(of(pregnancy,(she(argues,(women(form(a(‘highly(emotional’(relationship	course(of(pregnancy,(she(argues,(women(form(a(‘highly(emotional’(relationship	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	50	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	51	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	52	a(bond(that(is(both(physical(and(imaginative’—with(their(babies(that(is(‘already	a(bond(that(is(both(physical(and(imaginative’—with(their(babies(that(is(‘already	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	53	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	54	quite(developed(at(birth’((449).(it(is(this(relationship,(then,(that(generates(a(right	quite(developed(at(birth’((449).(it(is(this(relationship,(then,(that(generates(a(right	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	55	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	56	on(the(part(of(the(gestational(mother(to(rear(her(birth(child.(she(writes(that	on(the(part(of(the(gestational(mother(to(rear(her(birth(child.(she(writes(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	57	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	58	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	59	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	60	bonding(during(pregnancy(provides(a(very(solid(reason(for(thinking(that	bonding(during(pregnancy(provides(a(very(solid(reason(for(thinking(that	X
fpq-2987	49	61	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	62	redistributing(babies(would(likely(destroy(already(existing(intimate	redistributing(babies(would(likely(destroy(already(existing(intimate	PROPN
fpq-2987	49	63	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	64	relationships(between(newborns(and(their(bearing(parents.(the(fact(that	relationships(between(newborns(and(their(bearing(parents.(the(fact(that	X
fpq-2987	49	65	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	66	the(relationship(with(one’s(future(child(starts(during(pregnancy(provides	the(relationship(with(one’s(future(child(starts(during(pregnancy(provide	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	67	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	68	the(missing(step(in(the(justification(of(a(fundamental(parental(right(to(keep	the(missing(step(in(the(justification(of(a(fundamental(parental(right(to(keep	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	69	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	70	and(raise(one’s(birth(baby(and(the(answer(to(the(question(of(how(to	and(raise(one’s(birth(baby(and(the(answer(to(the(question(of(how(to	X
fpq-2987	49	71	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	72	determine(fundamental(moral(rights(to(parent(particular(babies.((450	determine(fundamental(moral(rights(to(parent(particular(babies.((450	NUM
fpq-2987	49	73	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	74	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	75	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	76	10	10	NUM
fpq-2987	49	77	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	49	78	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	79	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	49	80	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	49	81	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	82	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	49	83	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	50	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	50	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	50	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	50	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	50	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	50	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	50	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	50	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	50	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	51	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	51	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	51	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	51	8	so(in(other(words,(because(a(‘bond’(forms(between(the(gestating(woman	so(in(other(words,(because(a(‘bond’(forms(between(the(gestating(woman	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	10	and(the(fetus(prior(to(birth,(taking(newborns(away(from(their(birth(parents(at	and(the(fetus(prior(to(birth,(taking(newborns(away(from(their(birth(parents(at	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	12	birth(is(no(different(from(taking(children(away(from(their(social(parents:(it(is(a	birth(is(no(different(from(taking(children(away(from(their(social(parents:(it(is(a	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	14	disruption(of(a(meaningful(relationship,(against(which(the(birth(parents(have(a	disruption(of(a(meaningful(relationship,(against(which(the(birth(parents(have(a	X
fpq-2987	51	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	16	right((on(the(assumption(that(their(parenting(is(good(enough).(furthermore	right((on(the(assumption(that(their(parenting(is(good(enough).(furthermore	VERB
fpq-2987	51	17	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	19	gestational(‘bonding’(generates(‘additional,(childgcentred(justification’(for(the	gestational(‘bonding’(generates(‘additional,(childgcentred(justification’(for(the	X
fpq-2987	51	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	21	recognition(of(such(a(right,(since(not(only(does(the(gestating(woman(bond(with	recognition(of(such(a(right,(since(not(only(does(the(gestating(woman(bond(with	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	23	the(fetus,(but(the(fetus(also(bonds(with(the(woman:(can(recognise(her(voice(and	the(fetus,(but(the(fetus(also(bonds(with(the(woman:(can(recognise(her(voice(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	25	heartbeat,(for(example.(so,(taking(birth(mother(away(would(harm(baby(just(as(it	heartbeat,(for(example.(so,(taking(birth(mother(away(would(harm(baby(just(as(it	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	27	would(harm(mother	would(harm(mother	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	28	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	33	gheaus’s(account,(then,(seems(to(motivate(biological(parental(rights	gheaus’s(account,(then,(seems(to(motivate(biological(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	35	without(collapsing(into(a(proprietary(account.(since(the(right(to(parent(one	without(collapsing(into(a(proprietary(account.(since(the(right(to(parent(one	X
fpq-2987	51	36	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	51	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	38	biological(baby,(on(this(account,(is(motivated(by(a(relationship(with(the(fetus	biological(baby,(on(this(account,(is(motivated(by(a(relationship(with(the(fetus	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	39	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	41	coupled(with(a(right(to(enjoy(the(good(of(parenting(in(virtue(of(having(laboured	coupled(with(a(right(to(enjoy(the(good(of(parenting(in(virtue(of(having(laboured	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	43	for(it,(it(seems(to(use(biology(and(labour(to(ground(the(rights(directly.(in(the(next	for(it,(it(seems(to(use(biology(and(labour(to(ground(the(rights(directly.(in(the(next	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	45	section,(i(will(canvass(three(initial(worries(about(this(account,(and(argue(that	section,(i(will(canvass(three(initial(worries(about(this(account,(and(argue(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	47	gheaus(can(answer(at(least(two(if(not(all(three(of(these(worries.(however,(in	gheaus(can(answer(at(least(two(if(not(all(three(of(these(worries.(however,(in	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	48	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	49	section(4,(i(will(argue(that(the(account(is(ultimately(unsuccessful,(because	section(4,(i(will(argue(that(the(account(is(ultimately(unsuccessful,(because	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	50	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	51	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	52	bonding’(simply(can’t(do(what(gheaus(needs(it(to(do.(in(section(5,(i(will(offer(a	bonding’(simply(can’t(do(what(gheaus(needs(it(to(do.(in(section(5,(i(will(offer(a	VERB
fpq-2987	51	53	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	54	brief(sketch(of(what(i(think(is(a(more(promising(avenue(for(grounding(parental	brief(sketch(of(what(i(think(is(a(more(promising(avenue(for(grounding(parental	PROPN
fpq-2987	51	55	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	51	56	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	51	57	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	3	section)3:)apparent)problems)with)the)account	section)3:)apparent)problems)with)the)account	NOUN
fpq-2987	52	4	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	5	in(this(section,(i’ll(discuss(three(possible(worries(about(gheaus’s(account(of	in(this(section,(i’ll(discuss(three(possible(worries(about(gheaus’s(account(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	52	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	7	parental(rights:(nonggenetic(gestation,(nongparental(gestation,(and(nong	parental(rights:(nonggenetic(gestation,(nongparental(gestation,(and(nong	PROPN
fpq-2987	52	8	gestational(parents.(i(will(argue(that(the(first(worry(is,(in(part,(a(semantic	gestational(parents.(i(will(argue(that(the(first(worry(is,(in(part,(a(semantic	ADJ
fpq-2987	52	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	10	confusion.(the(second(two(worries,(i(argue,(can(be(resolved(by(rejecting	confusion.(the(second(two(worries,(i(argue,(can(be(resolved(by(rejecte	VERB
fpq-2987	52	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	12	intuitions(we(have(about(them,(but(that((especially(in(the(case(of(nonggestational	intuitions(we(have(about(them,(but(that((especially(in(the(case(of(nonggestational	ADJ
fpq-2987	52	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	52	14	parents)(it(is(unclear(whether(we(ought(to(do(so	parents)(it(is(unclear(whether(we(ought(to(do(so	NOUN
fpq-2987	52	15	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	3	nondgenetic)gestation	nondgenetic)gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	53	4	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	5	one(might(have(the(following(worry:(gheaus’s(account(does(not(work	one(might(have(the(following(worry:(gheaus’s(account(does(not(work	PROPN
fpq-2987	53	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	7	because,(in(cases(where(a(woman(gestates(a(fetus(that(was(not(conceived(using	because,(in(cases(where(a(woman(gestates(a(fetus(that(was(not(conceived(using	NOUN
fpq-2987	53	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	9	her(own(gamete,(she(thereby(has(parental(rights(where(the(biological(mother	her(own(gamete,(she(thereby(has(parental(rights(where(the(biological(mother	PROPN
fpq-2987	53	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	11	does(not.14(imagine(a(case(in(which(two(women(undergo(ivf(at(the(same(clinic	does(not.14(imagine(a(case(in(which(two(women(undergo(ivf(at(the(same(clinic	PROPN
fpq-2987	53	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	13	and(their(eggs(are(accidentally(switched,(such(that(woman(a(gestates(a(fetus	and(their(eggs(are(accidentally(switched,(such(that(woman(a(gestates(a(fetus	X
fpq-2987	53	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	15	created(using(woman(b’s(ovum,(and(vicegversa.(in(this(case,(according(to	created(using(woman(b’s(ovum,(and(vicegversa.(in(this(case,(according(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	53	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	17	14(the(basic(shape(of(this(worry(is(taken(from(comments(by(s.(matthew(liao	14(the(basic(shape(of(this(worry(is(taken(from(comments(by(s.(matthew(liao	NUM
fpq-2987	53	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	20	2014	2014	NUM
fpq-2987	53	21	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	53	22	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	3	11	11	NUM
fpq-2987	54	4	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	54	5	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	6	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	54	7	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	54	8	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	54	9	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	54	10	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	54	11	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	54	12	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	ADJ
fpq-2987	54	13	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	14	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	54	15	gheaus’s(account,(woman(a(would(have(parental(rights(over(b’s(genetic	gheaus’s(account,(woman(a(would(have(parental(rights(over(b’s(genetic	NOUN
fpq-2987	54	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	17	offspring,(and(woman(b(would(have(parental(rights(over(a’s(genetic(offspring	offspring,(and(woman(b(would(have(parental(rights(over(a’s(genetic(offspre	VERB
fpq-2987	54	18	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	20	this(seems(to(show(that(gheaus’s(account(cannot(properly(motivate(a(right(to	this(seems(to(show(that(gheaus’s(account(cannot(properly(motivate(a(right(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	54	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	22	parent(one’s(biological(child,(since(it’s(clear(in(this(case(that(a(would(not(have(a	parent(one’s(biological(child,(since(it’s(clear(in(this(case(that(a(would(not(have(a	ADJ
fpq-2987	54	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	24	right(to(parent(her(biological(child((and(nor(b	right(to(parent(her(biological(child((and(nor(b	NOUN
fpq-2987	54	25	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	54	26	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	3	but(of(course,(there(is(biology(and(there(is(biology.(gestation,(after(all,(is(a	but(of(course,(there(is(biology(and(there(is(biology.(gestation,(after(all,(is(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	55	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	5	biological(process(that(helps(to(bring(about(a(child(where(once(there(was(a	biological(process(that(helps(to(bring(about(a(child(where(once(there(was(a	X
fpq-2987	55	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	7	bundle(of(cells.(so,(it’s(not(clear(why(we(ought(not(take(the(nonggenetic(gestator	bundle(of(cells.(so,(it’s(not(clear(why(we(ought(not(take(the(nonggenetic(gestator	NUM
fpq-2987	55	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	9	to(be(a(biological(mother((on(the(assumption(that(she(is,(at(least,(a(mother	to(be(a(biological(mother((on(the(assumption(that(she(is,(at(least,(a(mother	NUM
fpq-2987	55	10	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	55	11	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	2	indeed,(it(seems(clear(to(me(that(we(should.(she(bears(a(unique(biological	indeed,(it(seems(clear(to(me(that(we(should.(she(bears(a(unique(biological	X
fpq-2987	56	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	4	relationship(to(the(child,(and(one(that(we(typically(take(to(be(definitional(of	relationship(to(the(child,(and(one(that(we(typically(take(to(be(definitional(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	56	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	6	biological(motherhood,(setting(genes(aside.(the(birth(mother(is(a(biological	biological(motherhood,(setting(genes(aside.(the(birth(mother(is(a(biological	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	8	mother.(she(is(not,(however,(a(genetic(mother.(and,(according(to(this(worry	mother.(she(is(not,(however,(a(genetic(mother.(and,(according(to(this(worry	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	9	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	11	genetics(are(what(matters.(genetic(parenthood(is(rightful(parenthood;(biological	genetics(are(what(matters.(genetic(parenthood(is(rightful(parenthood;(biological	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	13	parenthood(is(just(genetic(parenthood,(according(to(this(line(of(thinking.(as(such	parenthood(is(just(genetic(parenthood,(according(to(this(line(of(thinking.(as(such	NOUN
fpq-2987	56	14	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	16	gheaus’s(account(simply(does(not(explain(the(biological(parent’s(right(to(parent	gheaus’s(account(simply(does(not(explain(the(biological(parent’s(right(to(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	56	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	18	her(child	her(child	X
fpq-2987	56	19	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	22	i(suspect(that(gheaus’s(reply(to(this(worry(would(be(something(like(‘so	i(suspect(that(gheaus’s(reply(to(this(worry(would(be(something(like(‘so	X
fpq-2987	56	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	24	what?’(attributing(parental(rights(to(the(genetic(parent(fits(with(our(intuitions	what?’(attributing(parental(rights(to(the(genetic(parent(fits(with(our(intuition	NOUN
fpq-2987	56	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	26	about(biological(parenthood	about(biological(parenthood	NUM
fpq-2987	56	27	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	28	but(so(does(attributing(them(to(gestational	but(so(does(attributing(them(to(gestational	ADJ
fpq-2987	56	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	30	parents.(indeed,(most(of(us(probably(do(not(have(intuitions(fineggrained(enough	parents.(indeed,(most(of(us(probably(do(not(have(intuitions(fineggrained(enough	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	32	to(sort(these(two(out,(since(the(vast(majority(of(‘biological(mothers’(we(will(come	to(sort(these(two(out,(since(the(vast(majority(of(‘biological(mothers’(we(will(come	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	34	across(in(life(are(both(genetic(and(gestational(mothers.(there’s(no(clear(reason	across(in(life(are(both(genetic(and(gestational(mothers.(there’s(no(clear(reason	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	35	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	56	37	in(the(first(instance,(to(go(with(genes(instead(of(gestation	in(the(first(instance,(to(go(with(genes(instead(of(gestation	PROPN
fpq-2987	56	38	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	3	on(reflection,(however,(the(gestational(account(just(works(better.(as(was	on(reflection,(however,(the(gestational(account(just(works(better.(as(was	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	5	said(in(section(1,(it(is(unclear(how(genes,(on(their(own,(could(be(rightsg	said(in(section(1,(it(is(unclear(how(genes,(on(their(own,(could(be(rightsg	ADJ
fpq-2987	57	6	generating.(genes(are(just(chemical(sequences;(physical(stuff.(having(physical	generating.(genes(are(just(chemical(sequences;(physical(stuff.(having(physical	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	8	stuff(in(common(seems(an(unlikely(way(to(acquire(rights(over(someone	stuff(in(common(seems(an(unlikely(way(to(acquire(rights(over(someone	NOUN
fpq-2987	57	9	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	11	gestation,(on(the(other(hand,(is(doing(something.(there(are(lots(of(examples(in	gestation,(on(the(other(hand,(is(doing(something.(there(are(lots(of(examples(in	X
fpq-2987	57	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	13	life(of(acquiring(rights(by(doing(something.(if(i(pay(money(to(the(shopkeeper(for(a	life(of(acquiring(rights(by(doing(something.(if(i(pay(money(to(the(shopkeeper(for(a	X
fpq-2987	57	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	15	bag(of(carrots,(i(have(a(right(that(she(give(me(the(carrots(for(which(i(paid(the	bag(of(carrots,(i(have(a(right(that(she(give(me(the(carrots(for(which(i(paid(the	X
fpq-2987	57	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	17	money;(if(i(write(a(masterpiece,(i(have(a(right(to(a(share(of(the(profits(when(it	money;(if(i(write(a(masterpiece,(i(have(a(right(to(a(share(of(the(profits(when(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	18	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	57	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	20	sold;(and(so(on.(so,(it(doesn’t(seem(at(all(clear(that(there(is(any(reason(to	sold;(and(so(on.(so,(it(doesn’t(seem(at(all(clear(that(there(is(any(reason(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	22	suppose(that(genetics(are(the(primary(element(of(biological(parenthood,(and(it	suppose(that(genetics(are(the(primary(element(of(biological(parenthood,(and(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	24	seems(there(is(reason(to(suppose(gestation(might(be.(the(worry(over(nonggenetic	seems(there(is(reason(to(suppose(gestation(might(be.(the(worry(over(nonggenetic	ADJ
fpq-2987	57	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	26	parenthood,(then,(seems(little(obstacle(to(gheaus’s(account	parenthood,(then,(seems(little(obstacle(to(gheaus’s(account	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	27	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	31	nondparental)gestation	nondparental)gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	57	32	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	33	a(related(worry(is(the(worry(over(nongparental(gestators:(that(is,(gestators	a(related(worry(is(the(worry(over(nongparental(gestators:(that(is,(gestator	NOUN
fpq-2987	57	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	35	who(we(intuitively(do(not(think(of(as(parents.(in(the(previous(worry,(we	who(we(intuitively(do(not(think(of(as(parents.(in(the(previous(worry,(we	PROPN
fpq-2987	57	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	37	12	12	NUM
fpq-2987	57	38	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	57	39	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	57	40	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	57	41	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	57	42	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	57	43	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	57	44	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	58	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	58	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	58	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	58	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	58	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	58	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	58	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	58	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	58	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	58	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	59	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	59	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	59	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	59	8	considered(a(woman(who(gestates(a(fetus((that(is(not(genetically(related(to(her	considered(a(woman(who(gestates(a(fetus((that(is(not(genetically(related(to(her	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	10	with(the(intention(of(parenting(it.(i(argued(that(there(is(no(prima(facie(reason	with(the(intention(of(parenting(it.(i(argued(that(there(is(no(prima(facie(reason	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	12	why(we(ought(to(suppose(that(the(genetic(progenitor(is(the(rightful(parent(in(this	why(we(ought(to(suppose(that(the(genetic(progenitor(is(the(rightful(parent(in(this	PROPN
fpq-2987	59	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	14	case.(and(it(is(indeed(relatively(easy(to(feel(at(least(unsure(what(to(say(about(a	case.(and(it(is(indeed(relatively(easy(to(feel(at(least(unsure(what(to(say(about(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	59	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	16	parent(in(such(a(situation.(but(in(the(case(of(surrogacy,(many(of(us,(anyway,(will	parent(in(such(a(situation.(but(in(the(case(of(surrogacy,(many(of(us,(anyway,(will	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	18	have(strong(intuitive(reason(to(think(in(a(way(that(seems(to(fly(in(the(face(of	have(strong(intuitive(reason(to(think(in(a(way(that(seems(to(fly(in(the(face(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	20	gheaus’s(proposal.(in(surrogacy,(a(woman(gestates(a(child(for(another(parent	gheaus’s(proposal.(in(surrogacy,(a(woman(gestates(a(child(for(another(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	21	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	22	for(the(sake(of(someone(else(parenting(the(child.(and(given(the(pregnancy(only	for(the(sake(of(someone(else(parenting(the(child.(and(given(the(pregnancy(only	PROPN
fpq-2987	59	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	24	comes(about(because(the(‘someone(else’(wants(to(parent(a(child,(and((in(many	comes(about(because(the(‘someone(else’(wants(to(parent(a(child,(and((in(many	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	26	surrogacy(arrangements)(because(the(‘someone(else’(is(actually(paying(the	surrogacy(arrangements)(because(the(‘someone(else’(is(actually(paying(the	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	28	gestator(for(her(services,(it(seems(like(we(want(to(say(that(the(gestator(does(not	gestator(for(her(services,(it(seems(like(we(want(to(say(that(the(gestator(does(not	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	30	have(a(right(to(parent(the(child;(or(anyway,(that(it(is(nothing(like(a(throwgaway	have(a(right(to(parent(the(child;(or(anyway,(that(it(is(nothing(like(a(throwgaway	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	59	32	claim(to(say(that(she(does	claim(to(say(that(she(doe	NOUN
fpq-2987	59	33	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	3	that(said,(it(seems(to(me(that(gheaus’s(account(can(accommodate(the	that(said,(it(seems(to(me(that(gheaus’s(account(can(accommodate(the	X
fpq-2987	60	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	5	intuition(that(surrogates(do(not(have(parental(rights((or(anyway,(that(they	intuition(that(surrogates(do(not(have(parental(rights((or(anyway,(that(they	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	7	mightn’t).(her(account,(again,(relies(on(labour(and(bonding.(labour(gives(one(a	mightn’t).(her(account,(again,(relies(on(labour(and(bonding.(labour(gives(one(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	9	right(to(parent(a(child,(while(bonding(gives(one(a(right(to(parent(this(child.(in(the	right(to(parent(a(child,(while(bonding(gives(one(a(right(to(parent(this(child.(in(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	11	case(of(the(surrogate,(the(labour(is(often(compensated:(surrogates(are(often	case(of(the(surrogate,(the(labour(is(often(compensated:(surrogates(are(often	ADJ
fpq-2987	60	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	13	paid.(in(the(uk(this(payment(is,(in(theory((and(in(law),(restricted(to(compensation	paid.(in(the(uk(this(payment(is,(in(theory((and(in(law),(restricted(to(compensation	X
fpq-2987	60	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	15	for(‘costs’.(in(the(us,(surrogates(are(outright(paid,(as(if(in(employment.(when	for(‘costs’.(in(the(us,(surrogates(are(outright(paid,(as(if(in(employment.(when	ADV
fpq-2987	60	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	17	surrogacy(is(simply(restricted(to(compensation(for(‘costs’,(it(may(be(the(case(that	surrogacy(is(simply(restricted(to(compensation(for(‘costs’,(it(may(be(the(case(that	X
fpq-2987	60	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	19	the(‘cost’(is(rather(a(lot,(if(gheaus(is(right(that(gestation(comes(with(high(physical	the(‘cost’(is(rather(a(lot,(if(gheaus(is(right(that(gestation(comes(with(high(physical	ADJ
fpq-2987	60	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	21	and(emotional(costs.(in(this(case,(it(may(be(that(surrogates(ought(to(be	and(emotional(costs.(in(this(case,(it(may(be(that(surrogates(ought(to(be	ADJ
fpq-2987	60	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	23	compensated(for(a(lot,(and(that(if(they(are(not,(residual(entitlement(might	compensated(for(a(lot,(and(that(if(they(are(not,(residual(entitlement(might	VERB
fpq-2987	60	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	25	remain.(but(it(might(also(be(the(case(that(many(of(the(costs(borne(by(typical	remain.(but(it(might(also(be(the(case(that(many(of(the(costs(borne(by(typical	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	27	gestators((i.e.(parental(gestators)(are(not(borne(by(surrogates.(surrogates,(for	gestators((i.e.(parental(gestators)(are(not(borne(by(surrogates.(surrogates,(for	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	29	example,(probably(do(not(take(on(the(emotional(weight(of(adjusting(to(life	example,(probably(do(not(take(on(the(emotional(weight(of(adjusting(to(life	NOUN
fpq-2987	60	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	31	changes,(since(for(them(the(change(is(only,(presumably,(temporary.15(either(way	changes,(since(for(them(the(change(is(only,(presumably,(temporary.15(either(way	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	32	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	34	in(the(absence(of(ownership,(and(in(the(absence(of(the(aim(of(parenting(the(child	in(the(absence(of(ownership,(and(in(the(absence(of(the(aim(of(parenting(the(child	ADJ
fpq-2987	60	35	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	37	it(seems(that(the(labour(of(surrogate(gestation(can(be(compensated(in(such(a	it(seems(that(the(labour(of(surrogate(gestation(can(be(compensated(in(such(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	38	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	60	39	way(that(it(will(not(generate(parental(rights	way(that(it(will(not(generate(parental(rights	PROPN
fpq-2987	60	40	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	3	as(regards(the(bonding,(gheaus(might(plausibly(argue(that(surrogates	as(regards(the(bonding,(gheaus(might(plausibly(argue(that(surrogates	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	5	simply(do(not(bond(with(the(fetus(in(the(same(way(that(intending(mothers(do.16	simply(do(not(bond(with(the(fetus(in(the(same(way(that(intending(mothers(do.16	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	7	in(this(case,(even(if(the(labour(cannot(be(compensated(such(that(no(right(to	in(this(case,(even(if(the(labour(cannot(be(compensated(such(that(no(right(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	9	15(i(say(‘presumably’(because(it(may(be(the(case(that(pregnancy(changes(a	15(i(say(‘presumably’(because(it(may(be(the(case(that(pregnancy(changes(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	11	person(even(if(it(is(a(surrogacy.(but(in(that(case,(we(might(need(to(rethink(the	person(even(if(it(is(a(surrogacy.(but(in(that(case,(we(might(need(to(rethink(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	13	intuition(that(parental(rights(ought(not(be(attributed(to(surrogates	intuition(that(parental(rights(ought(not(be(attributed(to(surrogate	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	14	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	17	16(again,(i(will(say(more(about(maternalgfetal(bonding(in(the(next(section	16(again,(i(will(say(more(about(maternalgfetal(bonding(in(the(next(section	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	18	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	21	13	13	NUM
fpq-2987	61	22	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	23	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	24	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	25	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	61	26	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	61	27	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	28	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	61	29	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	61	30	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	31	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	32	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	61	33	parent(arises,(still(no(right(to(parent(this(baby(would(arise.17(so,(it(seems(that	parent(arises,(still(no(right(to(parent(this(baby(would(arise.17(so,(it(seems(that	X
fpq-2987	61	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	35	gheaus’s(account(can(accommodate(the(intuition(that(gestational(surrogates(do	gheaus’s(account(can(accommodate(the(intuition(that(gestational(surrogates(do	ADJ
fpq-2987	61	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	37	not(have(parental(rights(over(the(fetuses	not(have(parental(rights(over(the(fetuse	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	38	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	61	39	infants(they(gestate,(since(the(cost(of	infants(they(gestate,(since(the(cost(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	41	the(pregnancy(to(them(is(presumably(less(than(that(for(the(parental(gestator;(the	the(pregnancy(to(them(is(presumably(less(than(that(for(the(parental(gestator;(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	43	costs(can(be(compensated;(and(the(surrogate(does(not((or(may(not)(bond(with	costs(can(be(compensated;(and(the(surrogate(does(not((or(may(not)(bond(with	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	45	the(infant(in(the(way(that(the(intending(mother(would(do.18	the(infant(in(the(way(that(the(intending(mother(would(do.18	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	48	nondgestational)parents)(parental)parity	nondgestational)parents)(parental)parity	NOUN
fpq-2987	61	49	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	50	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	51	the(third(initial(worry(one(might(have(about(gheaus’s(account(is(that(it(is	the(third(initial(worry(one(might(have(about(gheaus’s(account(is(that(it(i	VERB
fpq-2987	61	52	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	53	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	54	quite(obviously,(bettergsuited(to(grounding(the(rights(of(mothers(than(those(of	quite(obviously,(bettergsuited(to(grounding(the(rights(of(mothers(than(those(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	55	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	56	fathers.((and(indeed,(it(is(less(wellgsuited(to(grounding(the(rights(of(nong	fathers.((and(indeed,(it(is(less(wellgsuited(to(grounding(the(rights(of(nong	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	57	gestational(parents,(full(stop.19)(if(the(labour(and(bonding(that(take(place(in(the	gestational(parents,(full(stop.19)(if(the(labour(and(bonding(that(take(place(in(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	58	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	59	17(one(might(recall(that(gheaus(thinks(that(both(the(gestator’s(attachment(to	17(one(might(recall(that(gheaus(thinks(that(both(the(gestator’s(attachment(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	60	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	61	the(fetus(and(the(fetus’s(attachment(to(the(gestator(are(salient.(if(this(is(right,(we	the(fetus(and(the(fetus’s(attachment(to(the(gestator(are(salient.(if(this(is(right,(we	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	62	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	63	might(still(worry(about(surrogacy.(however,(i(take(it(that(the(fetus’s(attachment(is	might(still(worry(about(surrogacy.(however,(i(take(it(that(the(fetus’s(attachment(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	64	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	65	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	66	in(some(sense,(incidental(to(the(parental(right.(that(is,(it(is(the(parent’s(attachment	in(some(sense,(incidental(to(the(parental(right.(that(is,(it(is(the(parent’s(attachment	ADJ
fpq-2987	61	67	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	68	that(matters(to(parental(rights.(the(fetus’s(attachment(is,(with(respect(to(parental	that(matters(to(parental(rights.(the(fetus’s(attachment(is,(with(respect(to(parental	PROPN
fpq-2987	61	69	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	61	70	rights,(merely(a(happy(bonus	rights,(merely(a(happy(bonus	NUM
fpq-2987	61	71	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	3	18(gheaus(briefly(discusses(surrogacy,(writing(that(‘if(having(borne(a(baby(is(a	18(gheaus(briefly(discusses(surrogacy,(writing(that(‘if(having(borne(a(baby(is(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	5	ground(for(a(right(to(keep(that(baby,(the(important(question(for(surrogacy(is	ground(for(a(right(to(keep(that(baby,(the(important(question(for(surrogacy(i	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	7	whether(this(right(is(alienable(and(under(what(conditions.(is(it(possible(to(wave	whether(this(right(is(alienable(and(under(what(conditions.(is(it(possible(to(wave	X
fpq-2987	62	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	9	one’s(right(to(keep(one’s(birth(baby(before(one(knows(exactly(what(burdens(the	one’s(right(to(keep(one’s(birth(baby(before(one(knows(exactly(what(burdens(the	PRON
fpq-2987	62	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	11	pregnancy(will(entail,(and(what(kind(of(relationship(one(will(establish(with(the(new	pregnancy(will(entail,(and(what(kind(of(relationship(one(will(establish(with(the(new	ADV
fpq-2987	62	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	13	born?(in(other(words,(can(a(surrogacy(contract(pregempt(the(rights(of(the(gestating	born?(in(other(words,(can(a(surrogacy(contract(pregempt(the(rights(of(the(gestate	VERB
fpq-2987	62	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	15	mother(or(couple?(i(remain,(in(this(article,(agnostic(about(this’((454).(but(this,(of	mother(or(couple?(i(remain,(in(this(article,(agnostic(about(this’((454).(but(this,(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	17	course,(is(the(same(sort(of(question(that(arises(with(pregarranged(adoptions((though	course,(is(the(same(sort(of(question(that(arises(with(pregarranged(adoptions((though	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	19	of(course,(most(western(nations(now(have(laws(that(preclude(the(enforcement(of	of(course,(most(western(nations(now(have(laws(that(preclude(the(enforcement(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	21	adoption(contracts(where(the(birth(mother(has(changed(her(mind);(in(thinking(about	adoption(contracts(where(the(birth(mother(has(changed(her(mind);(in(thinking(about	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	23	surrogacy(this(way,(gheaus(is(just(imagining(surrogacy(as(a(sort(of(adoption.(but(i(do	surrogacy(this(way,(gheaus(is(just(imagining(surrogacy(as(a(sort(of(adoption.(but(i(do	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	25	not(think(there(is(anything(about(gheaus’s(basic(account(that(commits(us(to	not(think(there(is(anything(about(gheaus’s(basic(account(that(commits(us(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	27	accepting(an(adoption(account(of(surrogacy	accepting(an(adoption(account(of(surrogacy	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	28	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	31	19(i(am(hesitant(about(how(i(ought(to(handle(the(heteronormativity(of(this	19(i(am(hesitant(about(how(i(ought(to(handle(the(heteronormativity(of(this	NUM
fpq-2987	62	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	33	objection(as(it(usually(occurs(in(the(literature.(on(the(one(hand,(heteronormativity	objection(as(it(usually(occurs(in(the(literature.(on(the(one(hand,(heteronormativity	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	35	seems(a(bad(sort(of(normativity(to(perpetuate.(on(the(other(hand,(it(is(only(within	seems(a(bad(sort(of(normativity(to(perpetuate.(on(the(other(hand,(it(is(only(within	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	37	the(context(of(a(biological(account(of(parental(rights(that(the(worry(over(parity	the(context(of(a(biological(account(of(parental(rights(that(the(worry(over(parity	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	38	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	39	arises(in(a(truly(pernicious(form:(it(is(only(when(our(goal(is(to(secure(the(rights(of	arises(in(a(truly(pernicious(form:(it(is(only(when(our(goal(is(to(secure(the(rights(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	41	biological(parents(that(the(parity(principle(becomes(a(sticking(point.(an(alternate	biological(parents(that(the(parity(principle(becomes(a(sticking(point.(an(alternate	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	43	strategy(for(giving(an(account(that(attributes(rights(to(nonggestational(parents(is(to	strategy(for(giving(an(account(that(attributes(rights(to(nonggestational(parents(is(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	45	simply(claim(that,(for(want(of(a(better(way(to(put(it,(biology(isn’t(where(it’s(at.(my	simply(claim(that,(for(want(of(a(better(way(to(put(it,(biology(isn’t(where(it’s(at.(my	PROPN
fpq-2987	62	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	47	14	14	NUM
fpq-2987	62	48	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	62	49	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	50	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	62	51	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	62	52	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	53	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	62	54	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	63	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	63	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	63	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	63	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	63	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	63	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	63	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	63	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	63	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	64	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	64	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	64	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	64	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	64	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	64	8	course(of(pregnancy(are(what(ground(parental(rights,(then(it(seems,(at(first	course(of(pregnancy(are(what(ground(parental(rights,(then(it(seems,(at(first	ADJ
fpq-2987	64	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	10	glance,(that(fathers(mustn’t(be(parents;(or(anyway,(that(they(mustn’t(have	glance,(that(fathers(mustn’t(be(parents;(or(anyway,(that(they(mustn’t(have	X
fpq-2987	64	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	12	parental(rights.(if(this(is(right,(then(it(seems(as(though(gheaus’s(account(is(only	parental(rights.(if(this(is(right,(then(it(seems(as(though(gheaus’s(account(is(only	ADV
fpq-2987	64	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	14	half(of(an(account(of(parental(rights.(again,(what(we(want(out(of(an(account(is(an	half(of(an(account(of(parental(rights.(again,(what(we(want(out(of(an(account(is(an	ADJ
fpq-2987	64	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	16	account(that(tells(us(why(good(enough(is(good(enough,(in(the(case(of(biological	account(that(tells(us(why(good(enough(is(good(enough,(in(the(case(of(biological	PROPN
fpq-2987	64	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	18	parents.(if(we(can’t(explain(why(this(is(so(for(both(mothers(and(fathers,(then(it	parents.(if(we(can’t(explain(why(this(is(so(for(both(mothers(and(fathers,(then(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	64	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	20	seems(we(are(left(saying(that(mothers(have(a(right(to(parent(their(biological	seems(we(are(left(saying(that(mothers(have(a(right(to(parent(their(biological	PROPN
fpq-2987	64	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	22	children(so(long(as(they(are(good(enough,(but(that(subgoptimal(fathers(may	children(so(long(as(they(are(good(enough,(but(that(subgoptimal(fathers(may	NOUN
fpq-2987	64	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	64	24	rightfully(have(their(children(snatched(away	rightfully(have(their(children(snatched(away	NOUN
fpq-2987	64	25	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	65	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	65	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	65	3	this(is(not(a(view(many(of(us(would(want(to(endorse.(i(take(it(that(the	this(is(not(a(view(many(of(us(would(want(to(endorse.(i(take(it(that(the	X
fpq-2987	65	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	65	5	prevailing(assumption,(these(days(anyway,(is(that(mothers(and(fathers(are	prevailing(assumption,(these(days(anyway,(is(that(mothers(and(fathers(are	PROPN
fpq-2987	65	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	65	7	equally(parents;(and(that(our(theory(of(parenthood(ought(to(reflect(this(equality	equally(parents;(and(that(our(theory(of(parenthood(ought(to(reflect(this(equality	NOUN
fpq-2987	65	8	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	2	kolers(and(bayne(take(this(assumption(as(a(key(principle(in(parental(ethics,(and	kolers(and(bayne(take(this(assumption(as(a(key(principle(in(parental(ethics,(and	X
fpq-2987	66	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	4	call(it(the(parity(principle.(according(to(the(parity(principle,(‘being(a(mother	call(it(the(parity(principle.(according(to(the(parity(principle,(‘being(a(mother	X
fpq-2987	66	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	6	doesn’t(make(a(person(more(of(a(parent(than(being(a(father,(or(vice(versa((kolers	doesn’t(make(a(person(more(of(a(parent(than(being(a(father,(or(vice(versa((koler	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	8	and(bayne(2001,(280).((what(we(want,(all(other(things(equal,(is(an(account(that	and(bayne(2001,(280).((what(we(want,(all(other(things(equal,(is(an(account(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	10	explains(why(both(mothers(and(fathers(are(parents.(so,(with(respect(to(the(parity	explains(why(both(mothers(and(fathers(are(parents.(so,(with(respect(to(the(parity	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	12	principle,(an(account(like(gheaus’s(does(not(look(like(one(that(we(ought(to	principle,(an(account(like(gheaus’s(does(not(look(like(one(that(we(ought(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	14	accept	accept	VERB
fpq-2987	66	15	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	19	that(said,(we(needn’t(give(a(unified(account(of(parenthood(in(order(to(give	that(said,(we(needn’t(give(a(unified(account(of(parenthood(in(order(to(give	ADJ
fpq-2987	66	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	21	an(account(of(parental(rights(that(adheres(to(the(parity(principle.(that(is,(it’s(at	an(account(of(parental(rights(that(adheres(to(the(parity(principle.(that(is,(it’s(at	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	23	least(conceptually(possible(that(what(accounts(for(mothers’(rights(is(not(what	least(conceptually(possible(that(what(accounts(for(mothers’(rights(is(not(what	X
fpq-2987	66	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	25	accounts(for(fathers’(rights,(though(both(mothers(and(fathers(have(rights,(and	accounts(for(fathers’(rights,(though(both(mothers(and(fathers(have(rights,(and	ADV
fpq-2987	66	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	27	have(them(equally.(this(sort(of(separategbutgequal(approach(is(just(the(approach	have(them(equally.(this(sort(of(separategbutgequal(approach(is(just(the(approach	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	29	gheaus(takes(to(saving(her(account(from(the(parity(worry.(she(writes(that	gheaus(takes(to(saving(her(account(from(the(parity(worry.(she(writes(that	X
fpq-2987	66	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	32	while(they(cannot(share(all([the](costs([of(pregnancy],(involved(partners	while(they(cannot(share(all([the](costs([of(pregnancy],(involved(partner	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	34	typically(can(and(do(share(many(of(them.(they(often(are(the(main(source(of	typically(can(and(do(share(many(of(them.(they(often(are(the(main(source(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	36	emotional,(practical(and(financial(support(of(their(pregnant(partner:(they	emotional,(practical(and(financial(support(of(their(pregnant(partner:(they	X
fpq-2987	66	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	38	can(accompany(her(on(medical(visits(and(support(her(during(childbirth	can(accompany(her(on(medical(visits(and(support(her(during(childbirth	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	39	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	41	share(and(try(to(soothe(her(worries,(relieve(her(of(some(of(her(regular	share(and(try(to(soothe(her(worries,(relieve(her(of(some(of(her(regular	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	43	work(and(serve(as(an(oftengneeded(interface(between(her(and(the	work(and(serve(as(an(oftengneeded(interface(between(her(and(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	45	insufficiently(accommodating(outer(world.((2012,(448	insufficiently(accommodating(outer(world.((2012,(448	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	46	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	48	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	49	own(view(is(that(it(isn’t,(but(defending(that(view(is(out(of(the(scope(of(this(paper	own(view(is(that(it(isn’t,(but(defending(that(view(is(out(of(the(scope(of(this(paper	X
fpq-2987	66	50	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	51	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	52	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	53	see(my((2014).)(all(that(said,(we(ought(still(to(think(in(terms(of(gestational(and(nong	see(my((2014).)(all(that(said,(we(ought(still(to(think(in(terms(of(gestational(and(nong	ADJ
fpq-2987	66	54	gestational(parents	gestational(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	55	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	56	rather(than(mothers(and(fathers	rather(than(mothers(and(father	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	57	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	58	since(in(principle(a(female	since(in(principle(a(female	NOUN
fpq-2987	66	59	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	60	parent(might(easily(be(nonggestational(and(biological((the(genetic(progenitor)(and	parent(might(easily(be(nonggestational(and(biological((the(genetic(progenitor)(and	X
fpq-2987	66	61	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	66	62	someone(who(we(pregtheoretically(think(ought(to(count(as(a(rightful(parent	someone(who(we(pregtheoretically(think(ought(to(count(as(a(rightful(parent	PROPN
fpq-2987	66	63	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	3	15	15	NUM
fpq-2987	67	4	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	67	5	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	6	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	67	7	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	67	8	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	67	9	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	67	10	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	67	11	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	67	12	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	13	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	14	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	67	15	and(later,(that	and(later,(that	PRON
fpq-2987	67	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	18	pregnant(women’s(supporting(partners(are(capable(of(being(direct	pregnant(women’s(supporting(partners(are(capable(of(being(direct	ADJ
fpq-2987	67	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	20	participants(in(the(process(of(creating(a(relationship(with(the(baby(during	participants(in(the(process(of(creating(a(relationship(with(the(baby(during	NOUN
fpq-2987	67	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	22	pregnancy.(with(the(help(of(medical(technology(they(can(see(the(fetus(and	pregnancy.(with(the(help(of(medical(technology(they(can(see(the(fetus(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	24	hear(its(heartbeat(as(early(as(the(bearing(mother;(during(the(last(stages(of	hear(its(heartbeat(as(early(as(the(bearing(mother;(during(the(last(stages(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	26	pregnancy(they(can(feel(the(baby,(talk(to(it(and(be(heard(by(it.(just(like(the	pregnancy(they(can(feel(the(baby,(talk(to(it(and(be(heard(by(it.(just(like(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	28	mother,(they(can(experience(the(fears,(hopes(and(fantasies(triggered(by	mother,(they(can(experience(the(fears,(hopes(and(fantasies(triggered(by	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	30	the(growing(fetus.((450	the(growing(fetus.((450	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	31	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	34	so,(the(idea(is(that,(because(the(nonggestational(parent(contributes(to(the	so,(the(idea(is(that,(because(the(nonggestational(parent(contributes(to(the	X
fpq-2987	67	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	36	labour(of(gestation,(and(bonds(with(the(fetus((though(in(ways(different(to(the	labour(of(gestation,(and(bonds(with(the(fetus((though(in(ways(different(to(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	38	gestator),(he((or(she)(too(can(thereby(acquire(parental(rights,(even(though(he	gestator),(he((or(she)(too(can(thereby(acquire(parental(rights,(even(though(he	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	41	she)(does(not(actually(gestate(the(baby.(the(account,(then,(appears(to(get	she)(does(not(actually(gestate(the(baby.(the(account,(then,(appears(to(get	NOUN
fpq-2987	67	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	67	43	around(the(parity(worry	around(the(parity(worry	PROPN
fpq-2987	67	44	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	3	but(on(closer(inspection,(it(does(so(only(at(the(expense(of(intuitive	but(on(closer(inspection,(it(does(so(only(at(the(expense(of(intuitive	NOUN
fpq-2987	68	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	5	plausibility,(since(cogparent(and(pregnancy(partner(need(not(and(often(do(not	plausibility,(since(cogparent(and(pregnancy(partner(need(not(and(often(do(not	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	7	coincide.(in(an(idealized((modern,(western)(procreative(situation(it(might(be(the	coincide.(in(an(idealized((modern,(western)(procreative(situation(it(might(be(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	9	case(that(the(nonggestational(parent(is(the(primary(coglabourer(and(cogbonder	case(that(the(nonggestational(parent(is(the(primary(coglabourer(and(cogbonder	NOUN
fpq-2987	68	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	11	during(pregnancy;(but(surely(in(reality(this(is(not(always(so,(and(probably(it(is(not	during(pregnancy;(but(surely(in(reality(this(is(not(always(so,(and(probably(it(is(not	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	13	often(so,(taking(all(pregnancies(in(all(cultures,(classes(and(circumstances(into	often(so,(taking(all(pregnancies(in(all(cultures,(classes(and(circumstances(into	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	15	account.(indeed,(it(might(very(well(be(the(case(that,(even(amongst(modern	account.(indeed,(it(might(very(well(be(the(case(that,(even(amongst(modern	ADJ
fpq-2987	68	16	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	18	western(middlegclass(heterosexual(procreators,(people(other(than(the(biological	western(middlegclass(heterosexual(procreators,(people(other(than(the(biological	X
fpq-2987	68	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	20	father(routinely(play(a(bigger(role(in(supporting(the(pregnant(woman(than(does	father(routinely(play(a(bigger(role(in(supporting(the(pregnant(woman(than(doe	NOUN
fpq-2987	68	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	22	the(father:(the(pregnant(woman’s(mother(or(sister(or(friends(will(very(often(be	the(father:(the(pregnant(woman’s(mother(or(sister(or(friends(will(very(often(be	NOUN
fpq-2987	68	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	24	the(primary(source(of(emotional(and(practical(support(to(her(during(her	the(primary(source(of(emotional(and(practical(support(to(her(during(her	ADJ
fpq-2987	68	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	26	pregnancy.(it(would(seem,(then,(that(if(labouring(and(bonding(by(proxy(are	pregnancy.(it(would(seem,(then,(that(if(labouring(and(bonding(by(proxy(are	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	28	sufficient(to(generate(parental(rights,(then(granny(and(auntie(and(so(on(have	sufficient(to(generate(parental(rights,(then(granny(and(auntie(and(so(on(have	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	68	30	parental(rights,(too	parental(rights,(too	PROPN
fpq-2987	68	31	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	69	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	2	one(way(to(respond(to(this(worry(would(be(to,(first,(bite(the(bullet(on	one(way(to(respond(to(this(worry(would(be(to,(first,(bite(the(bullet(on	X
fpq-2987	70	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	4	granny(and(auntie	granny(and(auntie	ADJ
fpq-2987	70	5	—	—	NOUN
fpq-2987	70	6	accept(the(consequence(that(they(too(may(have(parental	accept(the(consequence(that(they(too(may(have(parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	70	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	8	rights(if(their(labour(contributes(significantly(to(the(production(of(the(child	rights(if(their(labour(contributes(significantly(to(the(production(of(the(child	NOUN
fpq-2987	70	9	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	10	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	70	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	12	second,(to(claim(that(only(fathers(who(do(contribute(significantly(to(the(labour	second,(to(claim(that(only(fathers(who(do(contribute(significantly(to(the(labour	ADJ
fpq-2987	70	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	14	thereby(acquire(parental(rights.(but(this(response(both(fails(to(cohere(with	thereby(acquire(parental(rights.(but(this(response(both(fails(to(cohere(with	NOUN
fpq-2987	70	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	16	intuition((supportive(aunties(are(aunties,(not(parents)(and(fails(to(dissolve(the	intuition((supportive(aunties(are(aunties,(not(parents)(and(fails(to(dissolve(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	70	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	18	parity(worry,(since(if(this(is(right,(then(good(enough(is(after(all(not(good(enough	parity(worry,(since(if(this(is(right,(then(good(enough(is(after(all(not(good(enough	PROPN
fpq-2987	70	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	20	for(dads:(we(will(be(left(with(an(account(on(which(gestators(have(parental(rights	for(dads:(we(will(be(left(with(an(account(on(which(gestators(have(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	70	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	22	in(virtue(of(gestating,(no(matter(how(they(do(it,(whereas(nonggestational(parents	in(virtue(of(gestating,(no(matter(how(they(do(it,(whereas(nonggestational(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	70	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	70	24	only(have(parental(rights(if(they(are(good(nonggestational(parents	only(have(parental(rights(if(they(are(good(nonggestational(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	70	25	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	71	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	71	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	71	3	16	16	NUM
fpq-2987	71	4	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	71	5	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	71	6	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	71	7	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	71	8	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	71	9	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	71	10	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	72	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	72	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	72	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	72	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	72	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	72	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	72	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	72	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	72	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	72	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	73	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	73	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	73	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	73	8	if(what(we(want(out(of(a(theory(of(parental(rights(is(a(grounding(for(the	if(what(we(want(out(of(a(theory(of(parental(rights(is(a(grounding(for(the	X
fpq-2987	73	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	10	rights(of(biological(parents(to(parent(their(children,(then(it(seems(gheaus	rights(of(biological(parents(to(parent(their(children,(then(it(seems(gheaus	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	11	’s	’s	PART
fpq-2987	73	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	13	account(will(not(do(the(trick,(since(it(fails(to(ground(such(rights(for(the(nong	account(will(not(do(the(trick,(since(it(fails(to(ground(such(rights(for(the(nong	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	14	gestational(biological(parent.(it(is,(of(course,(open(to(gheaus(to(bite(the(bullet(on	gestational(biological(parent.(it(is,(of(course,(open(to(gheaus(to(bite(the(bullet(on	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	16	parental(parity:(to(reject(the(claim(that(mothers(and(fathers((or(gestational(and	parental(parity:(to(reject(the(claim(that(mothers(and(fathers((or(gestational(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	18	nonggestational(parents)(are(equally(parents;(and(i(have(not(given(a(robust	nonggestational(parents)(are(equally(parents;(and(i(have(not(given(a(robust	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	20	argument(to(the(contrary.(for(this(reason,(the(nonggestational(parent(objection(is	argument(to(the(contrary.(for(this(reason,(the(nonggestational(parent(objection(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	22	by(no(means(a(knockgdown(objection(to(gheaus’s(account.(however,(first	by(no(means(a(knockgdown(objection(to(gheaus’s(account.(however,(first	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	23	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	25	gheaus’s(account(isn’t(really(an(account(of(the(rights(of(biological(parents,(tout	gheaus’s(account(isn’t(really(an(account(of(the(rights(of(biological(parents,(tout	PRON
fpq-2987	73	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	27	court,(in(this(case.(and(further,(it(seems(to(me(that(the(parity(principle(is,(even	court,(in(this(case.(and(further,(it(seems(to(me(that(the(parity(principle(is,(even	PRON
fpq-2987	73	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	29	without(argument,(obviously(a(good(starting(point(in(crafting(an(account(of	without(argument,(obviously(a(good(starting(point(in(crafting(an(account(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	31	parenthood:(it’s(the(sort(of(claim(that,(unless(there(is(compelling(theoretical	parenthood:(it’s(the(sort(of(claim(that,(unless(there(is(compelling(theoretical	ADJ
fpq-2987	73	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	33	soundness(to(be(had(by(rejecting(it	soundness(to(be(had(by(rejecting(it	PRON
fpq-2987	73	34	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	35	or(compelling(argument(that,(despite(the	or(compelling(argument(that,(despite(the	ADJ
fpq-2987	73	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	37	intuitions(we(have,(the(principle(is(a(bad(one	intuitions(we(have,(the(principle(is(a(bad(one	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	38	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	39	we(ought(to(accept	we(ought(to(accept	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	40	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	43	my(argument(is(that(there(is(no(such(theoretical(soundness(to(be(had(from	my(argument(is(that(there(is(no(such(theoretical(soundness(to(be(had(from	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	45	gheaus’s(account,(since,(even(if(we(bite(the(bullet(on(parental(parity,(the(account	gheaus’s(account,(since,(even(if(we(bite(the(bullet(on(parental(parity,(the(account	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	47	still(does(not(work(as(an(account(of(the(rights(of(gestational(parents.(in(the(next	still(does(not(work(as(an(account(of(the(rights(of(gestational(parents.(in(the(next	X
fpq-2987	73	48	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	49	section,(i(will(argue(that(the(real(problem(for(gheaus’s(account(is(with(bonding	section,(i(will(argue(that(the(real(problem(for(gheaus’s(account(is(with(bonding	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	50	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	73	51	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	52	the(claim(that(pregnant(women(bond(with(their(fetuses(in(a(morallygsalient	the(claim(that(pregnant(women(bond(with(their(fetuses(in(a(morallygsalient	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	53	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	54	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	55	rightsggenerating(way(simply(does(not(stand(up(to(scrutiny.(given(this,(the	rightsggenerating(way(simply(does(not(stand(up(to(scrutiny.(given(this,(the	X
fpq-2987	73	56	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	57	account(does(not(work(for(mothers(any(better(than(it(does(for(fathers	account(does(not(work(for(mothers(any(better(than(it(does(for(father	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	58	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	59	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	60	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	61	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	62	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	63	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	64	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	65	section)4:)maternaldfetal)bonding	section)4:)maternaldfetal)bonde	VERB
fpq-2987	73	66	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	73	67	gheaus’s(argument(relies(on(two(features(of(gestation:(labour(and(bonding	gheaus’s(argument(relies(on(two(features(of(gestation:(labour(and(bonding	NOUN
fpq-2987	73	68	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	2	labour,(according(to(the(account,(generates(a(right(to(the(goods(of(parenthood	labour,(according(to(the(account,(generates(a(right(to(the(goods(of(parenthood	PROPN
fpq-2987	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	5	since(the(labour(is(sufficiently(significant(to(justify(compensation;(and(since(the	since(the(labour(is(sufficiently(significant(to(justify(compensation;(and(since(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	74	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	7	labour(is(undertaken(towards(the(aim(of(enjoying(the(goods(of(parenthood.(but	labour(is(undertaken(towards(the(aim(of(enjoying(the(goods(of(parenthood.(but	PROPN
fpq-2987	74	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	9	the(entitlements(that(can(be(derived(from(labour(cannot(generate(a(right(to	the(entitlements(that(can(be(derived(from(labour(cannot(generate(a(right(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	74	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	11	parent(one’s(biological(child(in(particular	parent(one’s(biological(child(in(particular	NOUN
fpq-2987	74	12	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	13	cannot(generate(a(right(against(baby	cannot(generate(a(right(against(baby	NOUN
fpq-2987	74	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	15	redistribution	redistribution	NOUN
fpq-2987	74	16	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	17	and(thus(cannot(explain(why(good(enough(parenting(is(good	and(thus(cannot(explain(why(good(enough(parenting(is(good	NOUN
fpq-2987	74	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	74	19	enough.(for(this,(gheaus’s(account(relies(on(bonding(in(pregnancy	enough.(for(this,(gheaus’s(account(relies(on(bonding(in(pregnancy	NOUN
fpq-2987	74	20	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	3	because,(gheaus(writes,(the(bonding(that(happens(between(woman(and	because,(gheaus(writes,(the(bonding(that(happens(between(woman(and	X
fpq-2987	75	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	5	fetus(during(pregnancy(constitutes(a(‘highly(emotional’(relationship,(and(‘a(bond	fetus(during(pregnancy(constitutes(a(‘highly(emotional’(relationship,(and(‘a(bond	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	7	that(is(both(physical(and(imaginative’,(that(is(‘already(quite(developed(at(birth	that(is(both(physical(and(imaginative’,(that(is(‘already(quite(developed(at(birth	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	8	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	9	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	11	gestational(parents(have(the(right(to(retain(the(meaningful(relationship(with(their	gestational(parents(have(the(right(to(retain(the(meaningful(relationship(with(their	X
fpq-2987	75	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	13	baby(that(is(already(underway(at(birth((2012,(449).(thus,(they(have(a(right(to	baby(that(is(already(underway(at(birth((2012,(449).(thus,(they(have(a(right(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	15	parent(their(biological(child,(and(as(such,(baby(redistribution(would(violate(their	parent(their(biological(child,(and(as(such,(baby(redistribution(would(violate(their	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	17	rights,(and(so(good(enough(is(good(enough	rights,(and(so(good(enough(is(good(enough	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	18	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	21	the(problem(with(this(step(is(that(maternalgfetal(‘bonding’(simply(doesn’t	the(problem(with(this(step(is(that(maternalgfetal(‘bonding’(simply(doesn’t	NUM
fpq-2987	75	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	23	hold(water(as(a(concept.(though(it(holds(strong(sway(in(the(popular(imagination	hold(water(as(a(concept.(though(it(holds(strong(sway(in(the(popular(imagination	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	24	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	26	17	17	NUM
fpq-2987	75	27	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	28	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	29	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	30	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	75	31	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	75	32	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	33	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	75	34	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	75	35	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	36	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	37	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	75	38	the(claim(that(pregnant(women(bond(with(their(fetuses(is(simply(a(popgclaim.(it	the(claim(that(pregnant(women(bond(with(their(fetuses(is(simply(a(popgclaim.(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	40	has(no(good(basis(in(science,(and(appears,(indeed,(to(be(primarily(normative(in	has(no(good(basis(in(science,(and(appears,(indeed,(to(be(primarily(normative(in	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	42	nature:(it(is(a(concept(that(serves(primarily(to(police(women’s(feelings(about	nature:(it(is(a(concept(that(serves(primarily(to(police(women’s(feelings(about	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	43	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	44	maternity,(rather(than(to(describe(healthy(fetal(development(or(indeed(to	maternity,(rather(than(to(describe(healthy(fetal(development(or(indeed(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	75	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	46	describe(a(real(and(medically(or(socially(salient(relationship.(not(to(put(too(fine(a	describe(a(real(and(medically(or(socially(salient(relationship.(not(to(put(too(fine(a	ADJ
fpq-2987	75	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	48	point(on(it:(maternalgfetal(bonding(is(sexist(junk(science.(it’s(not(a(real(thing(that	point(on(it:(maternalgfetal(bonding(is(sexist(junk(science.(it’s(not(a(real(thing(that	X
fpq-2987	75	49	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	75	50	could(generate(a(real(and(enforceable(right	could(generate(a(real(and(enforceable(right	PROPN
fpq-2987	75	51	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	7	maternalgfetal(bonding(is(a(popular(notion(that(grew(out(of(research	maternalgfetal(bonding(is(a(popular(notion(that(grew(out(of(research	NOUN
fpq-2987	76	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	10	primarily(in(psychology(and(nursing)(into(‘maternalgfetal(attachment’((mfa	primarily(in(psychology(and(nursing)(into(‘maternalgfetal(attachment’((mfa	NOUN
fpq-2987	76	11	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	76	12	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	2	mfa(was(proposed(as(an(extension(of(the(1950’s(developmental(theory(of	mfa(was(proposed(as(an(extension(of(the(1950’s(developmental(theory(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	4	maternalginfant(attachment((miat).(20(according(to(miat,(infants(have(an	maternalginfant(attachment((miat).(20(according(to(miat,(infants(have(an	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	6	evolutionarily(selected(drive(to(both(cling(to(caregivers,(and(to(stimulate	evolutionarily(selected(drive(to(both(cling(to(caregivers,(and(to(stimulate	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	8	caregiving(from(their(primary(carers.(further,(miat(hypothesized(that(the(extent	caregiving(from(their(primary(carers.(further,(miat(hypothesized(that(the(extent	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	10	to(which(infants(exhibited(this(clinggandgsolicit(behaviour(was(a(good(indicator(of	to(which(infants(exhibited(this(clinggandgsolicit(behaviour(was(a(good(indicator(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	12	healthy(infant(development:(infants(who(were(properly(‘attached’(were(likely(to	healthy(infant(development:(infants(who(were(properly(‘attached’(were(likely(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	14	grow(up(to(be(wellgadjusted(adults.(brandon(et(al.((2009)(write(that	grow(up(to(be(wellgadjusted(adults.(brandon(et(al.((2009)(write(that	X
fpq-2987	77	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	17	[	[	X
fpq-2987	77	18	john(bowlby,(the(originator(of(attachment(theory](conceptualized(human	john(bowlby,(the(originator(of(attachment(theory](conceptualized(human	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	20	attachment(as(a(system(of(evolutionary(behaviors(beginning(at(birth(and	attachment(as(a(system(of(evolutionary(behaviors(beginning(at(birth(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	22	persisting(through(adulthood,(motivated(by(or(toward(fear,(affection	persisting(through(adulthood,(motivated(by(or(toward(fear,(affection	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	23	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	25	exploration,(and(caregiving	exploration,(and(caregive	VERB
fpq-2987	77	26	...	...	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	27	(regulation(of(the(dyadic(attachment	(regulation(of(the(dyadic(attachment	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	29	interactions(of(mother(and(infant,(bowlby(reasoned,(was(solely(biological	interactions(of(mother(and(infant,(bowlby(reasoned,(was(solely(biological	ADJ
fpq-2987	77	30	;	;	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	32	he(posited(that(the(infant’s(primary(goal(was(to(maintain(a(certain(degree	he(posited(that(the(infant’s(primary(goal(was(to(maintain(a(certain(degree	X
fpq-2987	77	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	34	of(physical(proximity(to(the(mother(for(survival.(bowlby(later(added(to(his	of(physical(proximity(to(the(mother(for(survival.(bowlby(later(added(to(his	X
fpq-2987	77	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	36	stance(that(attachment(would(include(psychological(goals(on(the(part(of	stance(that(attachment(would(include(psychological(goals(on(the(part(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	38	the(developing(child(and(mother.((.(.(.(attachment,(as(bowlby(understood	the(developing(child(and(mother.((.(.(.(attachment,(as(bowlby(understood	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	40	it,(was(a(reciprocal(behavioral(process(initiated(by(the(neonate(to(ensure	it,(was(a(reciprocal(behavioral(process(initiated(by(the(neonate(to(ensure	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	42	survival.((201	survival.((201	X
fpq-2987	77	43	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	46	measures(of(attachment,(on(this(picture,(are(both(measures(of(proper	measures(of(attachment,(on(this(picture,(are(both(measures(of(proper	X
fpq-2987	77	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	48	biological(functioning(on(the(part(of(the(infant((infant(has(the(right(innate(drive	biological(functioning(on(the(part(of(the(infant((infant(has(the(right(innate(drive	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	49	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	50	towards(attachment)(and(measures(of(biologicallyggood(parenting((mother(is	towards(attachment)(and(measures(of(biologicallyggood(parenting((mother(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	77	51	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	52	stimulated(appropriately(by(infant(cues,(thus(perpetuating(an(attachment	stimulated(appropriately(by(infant(cues,(thus(perpetuating(an(attachment	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	53	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	54	feedback(loop).(the(classic(measure(of(mia(is(the(strange(situation(test,(in(which	feedback(loop).(the(classic(measure(of(mia(is(the(strange(situation(test,(in(which	X
fpq-2987	77	55	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	56	infants(are(placed(in((nongthreatening,(but)(strange(situations(on(their(own,(and	infants(are(placed(in((nongthreatening,(but)(strange(situations(on(their(own,(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	77	57	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	58	then(observed(when(they(are(reunited(with(their(mothers.(a(child(who(quickly	then(observed(when(they(are(reunited(with(their(mothers.(a(child(who(quickly	ADV
fpq-2987	77	59	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	60	20(see,(for(example,(bowlby((1958	20(see,(for(example,(bowlby((1958	NUM
fpq-2987	77	61	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	77	62	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	78	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	78	2	18	18	NUM
fpq-2987	78	3	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	78	4	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	78	5	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	78	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	78	7	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	78	8	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	78	9	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	79	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	79	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	79	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	79	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	79	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	79	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	79	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	79	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	79	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	79	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	80	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	80	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	80	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	X
fpq-2987	80	8	and(unreservedly(goes(to(mother(and(clings(to(her(exhibits(what(is(taken(to(be(a	and(unreservedly(goes(to(mother(and(clings(to(her(exhibits(what(is(taken(to(be(a	ADJ
fpq-2987	80	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	10	healthy(attachment.21	healthy(attachment.21	ADJ
fpq-2987	80	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	12	contrast(this(with(mfa,(which(is(pretty(straightgforwardly(a(measure(of	contrast(this(with(mfa,(which(is(pretty(straightgforwardly(a(measure(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	14	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	15	appropriate’(parental(attitude(alone.(mfa(is(measured(through(selfgreport	appropriate’(parental(attitude(alone.(mfa(is(measured(through(selfgreport	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	16	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	18	pregnant(women(are(given(a(questionnaire(asking(them(to(rate(the(strength(with	pregnant(women(are(given(a(questionnaire(asking(them(to(rate(the(strength(with	INTJ
fpq-2987	80	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	20	which(they(agree(or(disagree(with(statements(such(as((a)(i(have(the(room(all	which(they(agree(or(disagree(with(statements(such(as((a)(i(have(the(room(all	PRON
fpq-2987	80	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	22	ready(for(the(baby’s(arrival(and((b)(there(will(be(time(enough(after(the(birth(to	ready(for(the(baby’s(arrival(and((b)(there(will(be(time(enough(after(the(birth(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	24	get(clothes(and(things(for(the(baby.(agreeing(strongly(with(statements(like((a)(will	get(clothes(and(things(for(the(baby.(agreeing(strongly(with(statements(like((a)(will	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	26	get(you(a(strong,(good(attachment(score;(whereas(agreeing(strongly(with	get(you(a(strong,(good(attachment(score;(whereas(agreeing(strongly(with	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	28	statements(like((b)(will(get(you(a(strong,(bad(attachment(score.22(so(in(other	statements(like((b)(will(get(you(a(strong,(bad(attachment(score.22(so(in(other	NUM
fpq-2987	80	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	30	words,(pregnant(women(who(exhibit(the(sorts(of(attitudes(to(their(fetuses(that	words,(pregnant(women(who(exhibit(the(sorts(of(attitudes(to(their(fetuses(that	X
fpq-2987	80	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	32	we(think(‘good’(get(a(good(score	we(think(‘good’(get(a(good(score	X
fpq-2987	80	33	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	36	mfa(has(been(shown(to(correlate(‘modestly’(with(later(mia((muller(1996	mfa(has(been(shown(to(correlate(‘modestly’(with(later(mia((muller(1996	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	37	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	38	;	;	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	40	but	but	CCONJ
fpq-2987	80	41	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	42	and(this(seems(key	and(this(seems(key	ADJ
fpq-2987	80	43	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	44	only(when(the(classic(model(of(mia(investigation	only(when(the(classic(model(of(mia(investigation	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	45	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	47	observation(of(motherginfant(interaction,(importantly(via(strange(situation)(is	observation(of(motherginfant(interaction,(importantly(via(strange(situation)(is	X
fpq-2987	80	48	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	49	replaced(with(maternal(attitudinal(selfgreport.23((in(other(words,(maternalgfetal	replaced(with(maternal(attitudinal(selfgreport.23((in(other(words,(maternalgfetal	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	50	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	51	attachment(is(quantifiably(related(to(maternalginfant(attachment(only(when	attachment(is(quantifiably(related(to(maternalginfant(attachment(only(when	ADJ
fpq-2987	80	52	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	53	maternal(attitudes,(and(not(motherginfant(interactions(are(measured.(so,(the	maternal(attitudes,(and(not(motherginfant(interactions(are(measured.(so,(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	54	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	55	right(feelings(on(the(part(of(the(pregnant(woman(are(predictive(of(the(right	right(feelings(on(the(part(of(the(pregnant(woman(are(predictive(of(the(right	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	56	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	57	feelings(on(the(part(of(the(new(mother((and(only(modestly(so);(they(are(not	feelings(on(the(part(of(the(new(mother((and(only(modestly(so);(they(are(not	ADV
fpq-2987	80	58	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	59	significantly(related(to(the(quality(of(the(actual(relationship(between(new(mother	significantly(related(to(the(quality(of(the(actual(relationship(between(new(mother	NUM
fpq-2987	80	60	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	61	and(baby.(this(is(no(surprise,(since(mfa(is(a(set(of(attitudes;(not(a(relationship(in	and(baby.(this(is(no(surprise,(since(mfa(is(a(set(of(attitudes;(not(a(relationship(in	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	62	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	63	the(way(that(mia(is.(brandon(et(al.((2009)(write(that	the(way(that(mia(is.(brandon(et(al.((2009)(write(that	PRON
fpq-2987	80	64	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	65	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	66	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	67	21(from(brandon(et(al:(‘the(strange(situation(is(a(20gminute(procedure	21(from(brandon(et(al:(‘the(strange(situation(is(a(20gminute(procedure	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	68	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	69	composed(of(eight(episodes(of(motherginfant(separation(and(reunion.(infant	composed(of(eight(episodes(of(motherginfant(separation(and(reunion.(infant	ADJ
fpq-2987	80	70	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	71	behaviors(are(evaluated(to(examine(attachment(and(exploratory(behaviors(under	behaviors(are(evaluated(to(examine(attachment(and(exploratory(behaviors(under	X
fpq-2987	80	72	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	73	conditions(of(high(and(low(stress,(resulting(in(the(classification(of(one(of(three	conditions(of(high(and(low(stress,(resulting(in(the(classification(of(one(of(three	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	74	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	75	attachment(styles:(a,(b,(or(c((ainsworth(et(al	attachment(styles:(a,(b,(or(c((ainsworth(et(al	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	76	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	77	,(1978).(later(studies(have(given(these	,(1978).(later(studies(have(given(these	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	78	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	79	categories(labels:(a(=(avoidant,(insecureg(avoidant,(or(anxiousgavoidant;(b(=(secure	categories(labels:(a(=(avoidant,(insecureg(avoidant,(or(anxiousgavoidant;(b(=(secure	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	80	;	;	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	81	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	82	c(=(anxious,(anxiousg(ambivalent,(insecuregambivalent,(anxiousgresistant,(or	c(=(anxious,(anxiousg(ambivalent,(insecuregambivalent,(anxiousgresistant,(or	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	83	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	84	insecureg(resistant	insecureg(resistant	PROPN
fpq-2987	80	85	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	86	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	87	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	88	22(i.e	22(i.e	NOUN
fpq-2987	80	89	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	90	,(‘positive,(preoccupied’(and(‘negative,(preoccupied’;(see(cranley((1981	,(‘positive,(preoccupied’(and(‘negative,(preoccupied’;(see(cranley((1981	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	91	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	80	92	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	81	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	81	2	23(muller((1996)(used(the(mai((maternal(attachment(inventory),(which(asks	23(muller((1996)(used(the(mai((maternal(attachment(inventory),(which(asks	NUM
fpq-2987	81	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	81	4	mothers(to(agree	mothers(to(agree	ADJ
fpq-2987	81	5	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	81	6	disagree(with(statements(like(i(feel(love(for(my(baby(and(i(look	disagree(with(statements(like(i(feel(love(for(my(baby(and(i(look	PROPN
fpq-2987	81	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	81	8	forward(to(being(with(my(baby;(as(well(as(the(msas((maternal(separation(anxiety	forward(to(being(with(my(baby;(as(well(as(the(msas((maternal(separation(anxiety	NOUN
fpq-2987	81	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	81	10	scale):(i(don’t(enjoy(myself(when(i(am(away(from(my(child;(and(the(hifbn((how(i	scale):(i(don’t(enjoy(myself(when(i(am(away(from(my(child;(and(the(hifbn((how(i	PROPN
fpq-2987	81	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	81	12	feel(about(my(baby(now):(i(feel(giving(towards(my(baby	feel(about(my(baby(now):(i(feel(giving(towards(my(baby	NOUN
fpq-2987	81	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	3	19	19	NUM
fpq-2987	82	4	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	82	5	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	6	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	82	7	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	82	8	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	82	9	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	82	10	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	82	11	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	82	12	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	82	13	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	14	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	82	15	it(has(been(proposed(that(prenatal(attachment(is(more(appropriately	it(has(been(proposed(that(prenatal(attachment(is(more(appropriately	ADV
fpq-2987	82	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	17	viewed(as(an(“emotional(bond”(that(bears(similarities(to(attachment(but(is	viewed(as(an(“emotional(bond”(that(bears(similarities(to(attachment(but(i	NOUN
fpq-2987	82	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	19	not(the(same(as(traditional(infant(and(adult(attachment(.(.(.(along(this(line	not(the(same(as(traditional(infant(and(adult(attachment(.(.(.(along(this(line	X
fpq-2987	82	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	21	of(thinking,(it(has(been(suggested(that(prenatal(attachment(inventories(are	of(thinking,(it(has(been(suggested(that(prenatal(attachment(inventories(are	PROPN
fpq-2987	82	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	23	no(more(than(attitude(measures(that(may(be(confounded(by(social	no(more(than(attitude(measures(that(may(be(confounded(by(social	ADJ
fpq-2987	82	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	25	desirability(and(adjustment.((208)24	desirability(and(adjustment.((208)24	ADJ
fpq-2987	82	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	28	in(other(words,(while(mia(describes(‘healthy’(interactions(between(mother	in(other(words,(while(mia(describes(‘healthy’(interactions(between(mother	X
fpq-2987	82	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	30	and(infant25	and(infant25	PROPN
fpq-2987	82	31	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	32	and(quantifies(a(relationship(between(them	and(quantifies(a(relationship(between(them	NOUN
fpq-2987	82	33	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	34	mfa(quantifies(an	mfa(quantifies(an	X
fpq-2987	82	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	36	emotional(attachment(on(the(part(of(the(pregnant(woman(to(her(fetus;(and	emotional(attachment(on(the(part(of(the(pregnant(woman(to(her(fetus;(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	82	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	38	quantifies(it(in(a(sociallygnormative(way.(it(measures(whether(pregnant(women(feel	quantifies(it(in(a(sociallygnormative(way.(it(measures(whether(pregnant(women(feel	PROPN
fpq-2987	82	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	40	the(‘right’fpq(1.1((x(way,(rather(than(measuring(the(extent(to(which(they(are(in(a	the(‘right’fpq(1.1((x(way,(rather(than(measuring(the(extent(to(which(they(are(in(a	ADV
fpq-2987	82	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	82	42	good(relationship	good(relationship	NOUN
fpq-2987	82	43	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	2	the(raison(d’etre(of(the(literature(on(mfa(seems(to(be(a(perceived	the(raison(d’etre(of(the(literature(on(mfa(seems(to(be(a(perceive	VERB
fpq-2987	83	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	4	predictive(advantage:(good(mfa(is(predictive(of(good(mia((though,(again,(only	predictive(advantage:(good(mfa(is(predictive(of(good(mia((though,(again,(only	ADV
fpq-2987	83	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	6	when(mia(is(measured(by(maternal(attitudinal(selfgreport);(and(it(is(also	when(mia(is(measured(by(maternal(attitudinal(selfgreport);(and(it(is(also	ADV
fpq-2987	83	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	8	predictive(of(good(takegup(of(antenatal(care((lindgren(2001).(the(thinking,(then	predictive(of(good(takegup(of(antenatal(care((lindgren(2001).(the(thinking,(then	NOUN
fpq-2987	83	9	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	11	seems(to(be(that(by(measuring(mfa,(clinicians(can(spot(problems(early(on(in(a	seems(to(be(that(by(measuring(mfa,(clinicians(can(spot(problems(early(on(in(a	PROPN
fpq-2987	83	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	13	woman’s(career(as(a(gestator	woman’s(career(as(a(gestator	NOUN
fpq-2987	83	14	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	83	15	mother,(and(intervene.(but(even(as(a(mere	mother,(and(intervene.(but(even(as(a(mere	PROPN
fpq-2987	83	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	17	predictor(of(later(trouble,(it(isn’t(clear(what(purpose(mfa(actually(serves.(good	predictor(of(later(trouble,(it(isn’t(clear(what(purpose(mfa(actually(serves.(good	NOUN
fpq-2987	83	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	19	mfa(is(positively(correlated(with(stability(of(relationship(with(the(future(father	mfa(is(positively(correlated(with(stability(of(relationship(with(the(future(father	ADV
fpq-2987	83	20	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	22	and(with(high(sociogeconomic(status,(among(other(things;(and(is(negatively	and(with(high(sociogeconomic(status,(among(other(things;(and(is(negatively	ADV
fpq-2987	83	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	24	correlated(with(depression(and(having(previous(children.26(since(it(is(presumably	correlated(with(depression(and(having(previous(children.26(since(it(is(presumably	ADV
fpq-2987	83	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	26	24(pollock(and(percy((1999)(actually(use(the(acronym(‘maea’,(rather(than	24(pollock(and(percy((1999)(actually(use(the(acronym(‘maea’,(rather(than	NUM
fpq-2987	83	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	28	mfa—‘maternal(antenatal(emotional(attachment’—thus(removing(reference(to(the	mfa—‘maternal(antenatal(emotional(attachment’—thus(removing(reference(to(the	PRON
fpq-2987	83	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	83	30	fetus,(and(adding(explicit(reference(to(emotional(state	fetus,(and(adding(explicit(reference(to(emotional(state	NOUN
fpq-2987	83	31	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	3	25(though,(of(course,(there(seems(inadequate(evidence(that(‘good’(mia(really	25(though,(of(course,(there(seems(inadequate(evidence(that(‘good’(mia(really	ADV
fpq-2987	84	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	5	means(anything(necessarily(for(the(future(wellbeing(of(the(child.(while(poor(mia	means(anything(necessarily(for(the(future(wellbeing(of(the(child.(while(poor(mia	X
fpq-2987	84	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	7	may(be(predictive(of(future(interpersonal(shortcoming,(there(is(no(evidence(that(it(is	may(be(predictive(of(future(interpersonal(shortcoming,(there(is(no(evidence(that(it(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	9	inevitable.(in(metaganalysis(of(research(on(attachment(in(adopted(children,(for	inevitable.(in(metaganalysis(of(research(on(attachment(in(adopted(children,(for	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	11	example,(van(den(dries(et(al((2009)(found(that(adopted(children’s(attachment	example,(van(den(dries(et(al((2009)(found(that(adopted(children’s(attachment	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	13	security(‘catches(up’(as(years(pass(in(the(adoptive(home((for(children(adopted(after	security(‘catches(up’(as(years(pass(in(the(adoptive(home((for(children(adopted(after	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	15	the(age(of(12(months;(for(children(adopted(before(this(age,(there(was(no(statistically	the(age(of(12(months;(for(children(adopted(before(this(age,(there(was(no(statistically	ADV
fpq-2987	84	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	17	significant(difference(in(attachment(quality).(it’s(not(clear,(then,(why(we(should	significant(difference(in(attachment(quality).(it’s(not(clear,(then,(why(we(should	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	19	suppose(that(attachment(in(infancy(is(crucial,(rather(than(simply(desirable(all(other	suppose(that(attachment(in(infancy(is(crucial,(rather(than(simply(desirable(all(other	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	84	21	things(equal	things(equal	PROPN
fpq-2987	84	22	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	3	26(for(example,(in(their(study(condon(and(corkindale((1997)(tell(us(the	26(for(example,(in(their(study(condon(and(corkindale((1997)(tell(us(the	PRON
fpq-2987	85	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	5	following:(‘the(findings(confirmed(these(hypothesized(effects.(in(particular,(the	following:(‘the(findings(confirmed(these(hypothesized(effects.(in(particular,(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	85	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	7	subgroup(of(women(having(low(attachment(was(characterized(by(high(levels(of	subgroup(of(women(having(low(attachment(was(characterized(by(high(levels(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	85	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	9	20	20	NUM
fpq-2987	85	10	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	85	11	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	85	12	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	85	13	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	85	14	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	85	15	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	85	16	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	86	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	86	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	86	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	86	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	86	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	86	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	86	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	86	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	86	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	86	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	87	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	87	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	87	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	87	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	87	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	87	8	already(known	already(known	NOUN
fpq-2987	87	9	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	10	or(anyway,(is(just(common(sense	or(anyway,(is(just(common(sense	NOUN
fpq-2987	87	11	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	12	that(an(unstable(economic	that(an(unstable(economic	ADJ
fpq-2987	87	13	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	15	social(or(relationship(status,(additional(children,(depression(might(go(handging	social(or(relationship(status,(additional(children,(depression(might(go(handge	VERB
fpq-2987	87	16	hand(with(things(like(missed(antenatal(appointments,(it(is(not(clear(why(testing	hand(with(things(like(missed(antenatal(appointments,(it(is(not(clear(why(testing	PROPN
fpq-2987	87	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	18	whether(pregnant(women(have(good(attitudes(towards(their(fetuses(should(add	whether(pregnant(women(have(good(attitudes(towards(their(fetuses(should(add	PROPN
fpq-2987	87	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	20	anything(to(what(is(already(known(about(them(as(patients.(nonetheless,(mfa	anything(to(what(is(already(known(about(them(as(patients.(nonetheless,(mfa	PROPN
fpq-2987	87	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	22	research(has(continued(apace,27(and(has(caught(the(popular(imagination(in(its	research(has(continued(apace,27(and(has(caught(the(popular(imagination(in(it	NOUN
fpq-2987	87	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	24	folk(variant,(‘maternalgfetal(bonding	folk(variant,(‘maternalgfetal(bonding	NOUN
fpq-2987	87	25	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	87	26	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	4	bonding(has(so(saturated(our(popular(discourse(on(pregnancy(and	bonding(has(so(saturated(our(popular(discourse(on(pregnancy(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	6	maternity(that(it(seems(to(be(taken(as(a(given(in(contemporary(western(culture	maternity(that(it(seems(to(be(taken(as(a(given(in(contemporary(western(culture	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	8	that(pregnant(women(bond(with(their(fetuses,(and(that(this(bonding(is(either	that(pregnant(women(bond(with(their(fetuses,(and(that(this(bonding(is(either	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	10	developmentally(or(morally(important.(a(quick(scan(of(online(pregnancy	developmentally(or(morally(important.(a(quick(scan(of(online(pregnancy	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	12	resources(reveals(a(vast(wealth(of(folk(knowledge(about(bonding.(for(example	resources(reveals(a(vast(wealth(of(folk(knowledge(about(bonding.(for(example	NOUN
fpq-2987	88	13	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	15	one(website(counsels(that(‘it's(never(too(early(or(too(late(to(start(communicating	one(website(counsels(that(‘it's(never(too(early(or(too(late(to(start(communicating	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	17	and(bonding(with(your(baby.(parenting(is(a(journey(that(really(begins(the	and(bonding(with(your(baby.(parenting(is(a(journey(that(really(begins(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	19	moment(you(find(out(you(are(pregnant	moment(you(find(out(you(are(pregnant	ADJ
fpq-2987	88	20	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	21	’28	’28	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	24	advice(on(bonding(with(your(fetus(is(often(mixed(with(findings(from(the	advice(on(bonding(with(your(fetus(is(often(mixed(with(findings(from(the	X
fpq-2987	88	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	26	empirical(literature(on(mfa.(for(example,(the(my(virtual(medical(centre(website	empirical(literature(on(mfa.(for(example,(the(my(virtual(medical(centre(website	NOUN
fpq-2987	88	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	28	informs(the(reader(that(failure(to(bond(with(the(fetus(‘is(associated(with	informs(the(reader(that(failure(to(bond(with(the(fetus(‘is(associated(with	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	30	indicators(of(sociogeconomic(status(like(income(and(level(of(education’(and	indicators(of(sociogeconomic(status(like(income(and(level(of(education’(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	32	depression(and(anxiety,(low(levels(of(social(support((outside(the(partner	depression(and(anxiety,(low(levels(of(social(support((outside(the(partner	ADV
fpq-2987	88	33	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	34	relationship)(and(high(levels(of(control,(domination(and(criticism(within(the(partner	relationship)(and(high(levels(of(control,(domination(and(criticism(within(the(partner	NOUN
fpq-2987	88	35	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	36	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fpq-2987	88	37	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	88	38	’(also(pollock(and(percy((1999)(report(similarly	’(also(pollock(and(percy((1999)(report(similarly	PROPN
fpq-2987	88	39	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	2	27(though(note(that(most(of(two(decades(ago,(mary(muller	27(though(note(that(most(of(two(decades(ago,(mary(muller	NOUN
fpq-2987	89	3	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	4	a(leading(mfa	a(leading(mfa	NOUN
fpq-2987	89	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	6	researcher	researcher	NOUN
fpq-2987	89	7	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	8	cautioned(against(excessive(focus(on(mfa.(in(her((1996)(she(writes(that	cautioned(against(excessive(focus(on(mfa.(in(her((1996)(she(writes(that	ADP
fpq-2987	89	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	10	‘	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	11	until(a(conclusive(body(of(evidence(emerges(supporting(the(promotion(of(prenatal	until(a(conclusive(body(of(evidence(emerges(supporting(the(promotion(of(prenatal	ADJ
fpq-2987	89	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	13	attachment,(nurses(should(continue(to(focus(their(care(on(the(individual	attachment,(nurses(should(continue(to(focus(their(care(on(the(individual	ADJ
fpq-2987	89	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	15	circumstances(of(each(pregnant(woman.(specific(nursing(activities(include(exploring	circumstances(of(each(pregnant(woman.(specific(nursing(activities(include(exploring	PROPN
fpq-2987	89	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	17	with(the(pregnant(woman(her(experience(of(carrying(that(particular(baby,(teaching	with(the(pregnant(woman(her(experience(of(carrying(that(particular(baby,(teaching	PROPN
fpq-2987	89	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	19	women(to(avoid(and	women(to(avoid(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	89	20	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	89	21	or(cope(with(stress,(promoting(a(woman’s(feelings(of(selfg	or(cope(with(stress,(promoting(a(woman’s(feelings(of(selfg	PROPN
fpq-2987	89	22	esteem,(reassuring(women(that(attachment(is(a(lifeglong(process,(and(providing	esteem,(reassuring(women(that(attachment(is(a(lifeglong(process,(and(providing	PROPN
fpq-2987	89	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	24	information(about(pregnancy(and(motherhood(that(will(help(to(relieve(fear(and	information(about(pregnancy(and(motherhood(that(will(help(to(relieve(fear(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	89	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	26	increase(a(woman’s(confidence(in(her(ability(to(be(a(good(mother’((165).(to(my	increase(a(woman’s(confidence(in(her(ability(to(be(a(good(mother’((165).(to(my	NOUN
fpq-2987	89	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	89	28	knowledge,(this(conclusive(body(of(evidence(has(not(emerged(in(the(interim	knowledge,(this(conclusive(body(of(evidence(has(not(emerged(in(the(interim	PROPN
fpq-2987	89	29	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	4	28("how(to(bond(with(your(unborn(baby	28("how(to(bond(with(your(unborn(baby	NUM
fpq-2987	90	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	6	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	90	8	http://www.birth.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancyg29g40gweeks/emotionsgduringgtheg	http://www.birth.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancyg29g40gweeks/emotionsgduringgtheg	PROPN
fpq-2987	90	9	lastgthreegmonthsgofgpregnancy	lastgthreegmonthsgofgpregnancy	PROPN
fpq-2987	90	10	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	90	11	communicatinggwithgyourgunborngbabyghowgtog	communicatinggwithgyourgunborngbabyghowgtog	PROPN
fpq-2987	90	12	bondgw#.vaxc2flviko	bondgw#.vaxc2flviko	NOUN
fpq-2987	90	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	2	21	21	NUM
fpq-2987	91	3	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	91	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	91	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	91	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	91	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	91	9	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	91	10	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	91	11	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	13	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	91	14	suggests(that(race(and(ethnicity(might(also(be(factors.29(many(pregnancy(and	suggests(that(race(and(ethnicity(might(also(be(factors.29(many(pregnancy(and	NUM
fpq-2987	91	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	16	parenting(websites(also(offer(‘tips’(for(how(to(successfully(bond(with(your(baby	parenting(websites(also(offer(‘tips’(for(how(to(successfully(bond(with(your(baby	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	17	:(	:(	X
fpq-2987	91	18	play(music(or(sing(to(your(bump;30(write(letters(to(your(unborn(child;31(take(time	play(music(or(sing(to(your(bump;30(write(letters(to(your(unborn(child;31(take(time	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	20	out(to(reflect(on(the(person(growing(inside(you;(32(massage(or(in(other(ways(make	out(to(reflect(on(the(person(growing(inside(you;(32(massage(or(in(other(ways(make	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	21	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	22	physical(contact(with(the(fetus;33(do(yoga;34(and(so(on	physical(contact(with(the(fetus;33(do(yoga;34(and(so(on	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	23	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	26	maternalgfetal(bonding(is(popgscience,(and(the(science(it(is(popularizing(is	maternalgfetal(bonding(is(popgscience,(and(the(science(it(is(popularizing(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	91	27	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	28	not(particularly(coherent(to(begin(with.(additionally,(inasmuch(as(the(attachment	not(particularly(coherent(to(begin(with.(additionally,(inasmuch(as(the(attachment	NOUN
fpq-2987	91	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	30	version(of(the(bonding(story(picks(out(any(real(phenomenon,(the(phenomenon(it	version(of(the(bonding(story(picks(out(any(real(phenomenon,(the(phenomenon(it	ADV
fpq-2987	91	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	91	32	is(picking(out(is(attitudinal,(or(at(best(attitudinal	is(picking(out(is(attitudinal,(or(at(best(attitudinal	ADJ
fpq-2987	91	33	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	91	34	behavioural,(and(not(relational	behavioural,(and(not(relational	NOUN
fpq-2987	91	35	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	2	there(is(no(suggestion(in(any(of(the(literature(that(fetuses(share(in(the(good	there(is(no(suggestion(in(any(of(the(literature(that(fetuses(share(in(the(good	NOUN
fpq-2987	92	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	4	attitude.(indeed,(beyond(the(predictive(power(of(mfa(as(regards(takegup(of	attitude.(indeed,(beyond(the(predictive(power(of(mfa(as(regards(takegup(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	92	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	6	antenatal(care,(there(is(no(indication(that(mfa(has(any(causal(effect(on(the	antenatal(care,(there(is(no(indication(that(mfa(has(any(causal(effect(on(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	92	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	8	developing(fetus.(more(importantly,(there(is(no(indication(that(the(fetus(has(any	developing(fetus.(more(importantly,(there(is(no(indication(that(the(fetus(has(any	NOUN
fpq-2987	92	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	10	affective(causal(effect(on(the(pregnant(woman.(given(that(the(woman’s(feelings	affective(causal(effect(on(the(pregnant(woman.(given(that(the(woman’s(feeling	NOUN
fpq-2987	92	11	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	12	aren’t(affecting(the(fetus,(and(the(fetus’s(feelings(aren’t(affecting(the(woman,(it(is	aren’t(affecting(the(fetus,(and(the(fetus’s(feelings(aren’t(affecting(the(woman,(it(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	92	13	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	14	implausible(to(suppose(that(the(right(way(to(characterize(mfa((or(‘bonding’)(is(as	implausible(to(suppose(that(the(right(way(to(characterize(mfa((or(‘bonding’)(is(as	PROPN
fpq-2987	92	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	92	16	a(relationship.(it(isn’t(a(relationship;(it’s(an(attitude	a(relationship.(it(isn’t(a(relationship;(it’s(an(attitude	PROPN
fpq-2987	92	17	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	3	what(all(of(this(means(is(that(grounding(a(right(to(parent(one’s(biological	what(all(of(this(means(is(that(grounding(a(right(to(parent(one’s(biological	ADJ
fpq-2987	93	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	5	child(on(bonding(doesn’t(work.(again,(gheaus(argues(that(parents(have(a(right	child(on(bonding(doesn’t(work.(again,(gheaus(argues(that(parents(have(a(right	ADJ
fpq-2987	93	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	7	against(baby(redistribution(in(the(same(way(that(parents35(have(a(right(against	against(baby(redistribution(in(the(same(way(that(parents35(have(a(right(against	ADJ
fpq-2987	93	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	9	their(children(being(taken(from(them(later(on,(because(at(birth(the(parents(are	their(children(being(taken(from(them(later(on,(because(at(birth(the(parents(are	PROPN
fpq-2987	93	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	11	already(in(a(morallygsignificant(relationship(with(the(baby,(having(bonded(with(it	already(in(a(morallygsignificant(relationship(with(the(baby,(having(bonded(with(it	ADV
fpq-2987	93	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	13	antenatally.(she(writes	antenatally.(she(write	NOUN
fpq-2987	93	14	:(	:(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	93	15	29("bonding(with(your(baby(during(pregnancy	29("bonding(with(your(baby(during(pregnancy	NUM
fpq-2987	93	16	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	1	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	3	http://www.myvmc.com/pregnancy/bondinggwithgyourgbabygduringgpregnancy/.	http://www.myvmc.com/pregnancy/bondinggwithgyourgbabygduringgpregnancy/.	NOUN
fpq-2987	94	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	5	30("how(to(bond(with(your(unborn(baby	30("how(to(bond(with(your(unborn(baby	NUM
fpq-2987	94	6	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	7	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	94	9	http://www.birth.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancyg29g40gweeks/emotionsgduringgtheg	http://www.birth.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancyg29g40gweeks/emotionsgduringgtheg	PROPN
fpq-2987	94	10	lastgthreegmonthsgofgpregnancy	lastgthreegmonthsgofgpregnancy	PROPN
fpq-2987	94	11	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	94	12	communicatinggwithgyourgunborngbabyghowgtog	communicatinggwithgyourgunborngbabyghowgtog	PROPN
fpq-2987	94	13	bondgw#.vaxc2flviko	bondgw#.vaxc2flviko	NOUN
fpq-2987	94	14	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	3	31("bonding(with(babygtogbe	31("bonding(with(babygtogbe	NOUN
fpq-2987	95	4	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	5	"(http://www.parents.com	"(http://www.parents.com	ADJ
fpq-2987	95	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	95	7	pregnancy	pregnancy	NOUN
fpq-2987	95	8	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	95	9	myg	myg	PROPN
fpq-2987	95	10	life	life	NOUN
fpq-2987	95	11	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	95	12	preparinggforgbaby	preparinggforgbaby	NOUN
fpq-2987	95	13	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	95	14	bondinggwithgbabygtogbe/.	bondinggwithgbabygtogbe/.	PROPN
fpq-2987	95	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	16	32(ibid	32(ibid	NUM
fpq-2987	95	17	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	19	33("bonding(with(your(baby(during(pregnancy	33("bonding(with(your(baby(during(pregnancy	NUM
fpq-2987	95	20	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	21	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	23	http://www.myvmc.com/pregnancy/bondinggwithgyourgbabygduringgpregnancy/.	http://www.myvmc.com/pregnancy/bondinggwithgyourgbabygduringgpregnancy/.	X
fpq-2987	95	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	25	34("how(to(bond(with(your(unborn(baby	34("how(to(bond(with(your(unborn(baby	NUM
fpq-2987	95	26	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	27	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	95	29	http://www.birth.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancyg29g40gweeks/emotionsgduringgtheg	http://www.birth.com.au/pregnancy/pregnancyg29g40gweeks/emotionsgduringgtheg	PROPN
fpq-2987	95	30	lastgthreegmonthsgofgpregnancy	lastgthreegmonthsgofgpregnancy	PROPN
fpq-2987	95	31	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	95	32	communicatinggwithgyourgunborngbabyghowgtog	communicatinggwithgyourgunborngbabyghowgtog	PROPN
fpq-2987	95	33	bondgw#.vaxc2flviko	bondgw#.vaxc2flviko	NOUN
fpq-2987	95	34	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	96	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	96	2	35(or(anyhow,(the(gestating(parent	35(or(anyhow,(the(gestating(parent	NUM
fpq-2987	96	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	97	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	97	2	22	22	NUM
fpq-2987	97	3	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	97	4	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	97	5	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	97	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	97	7	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	97	8	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	97	9	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	98	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	98	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	98	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	98	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	98	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	98	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	98	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	98	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	98	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	98	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	99	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	99	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	99	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	99	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	9	other(defenders(of(fundamental(parental(rights	other(defenders(of(fundamental(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	10	…	…	SYM
fpq-2987	99	11	have(argued(that(it(is	have(argued(that(it(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	13	impermissible(to(disrupt(already(established(intimate(relationships	impermissible(to(disrupt(already(established(intimate(relationships	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	14	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	15	between(birth(parents(and(children,(for(reasons(of(both(parents’(and	between(birth(parents(and(children,(for(reasons(of(both(parents’(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	17	children’s(welfare.(but(no(reason(was(provided(for(why(such(relationships	children’s(welfare.(but(no(reason(was(provided(for(why(such(relationship	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	18	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	19	are(permitted(to(develop(in(the(first(place(if(better(parents(are(available.(if	are(permitted(to(develop(in(the(first(place(if(better(parents(are(available.(if	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	21	the(same(process(which(brings(babies(into(the(world(also(generates(their	the(same(process(which(brings(babies(into(the(world(also(generates(their	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	23	first(intimate(relationships([with](adults,(then(relationships(between(birth	first(intimate(relationships([with](adults,(then(relationships(between(birth	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	25	parents(and(their(babies(need(no(justification:(they(are(already(there(from	parents(and(their(babies(need(no(justification:(they(are(already(there(from	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	26	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	27	the(beginning.((451	the(beginning.((451	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	28	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	31	the(plausibility(of(this(claim(rests(on(the(popular(belief(that(pregnant	the(plausibility(of(this(claim(rests(on(the(popular(belief(that(pregnant	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	33	women(‘bond’(with(their(fetuses,(and(that(this(bonding(constitutes(an(already	women(‘bond’(with(their(fetuses,(and(that(this(bonding(constitutes(an(already	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	35	existent(interpersonal(relationship.(but(the(latter(claim(does(not(stand(up(to	existent(interpersonal(relationship.(but(the(latter(claim(does(not(stand(up(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	36	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	37	scrutiny.(insofar(as(pregnant(women(form(‘attachments’(with(their(fetuses,(these	scrutiny.(insofar(as(pregnant(women(form(‘attachments’(with(their(fetuses,(these	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	38	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	39	attachments(are(onegway:(they(consist(in(the(woman(feeling(attached(to(the	attachments(are(onegway:(they(consist(in(the(woman(feeling(attached(to(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	40	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	41	fetus.36(while(being(in(a(relationship(with(a(child(might(plausibly(ground(a(right(to	fetus.36(while(being(in(a(relationship(with(a(child(might(plausibly(ground(a(right(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	42	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	43	continue(in(that(relationship,(simply(feeling(attached(to(a(child(cannot.(feeling	continue(in(that(relationship,(simply(feeling(attached(to(a(child(cannot.(feeling	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	44	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	45	attached(to(something(cannot(generate(a(right(to(that(something.37(feeling	attached(to(something(cannot(generate(a(right(to(that(something.37(feeling	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	47	attached(to(something(that(is(one’s(own(might(plausibly(mean(having(a(right(to(it	attached(to(something(that(is(one’s(own(might(plausibly(mean(having(a(right(to(it	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	48	;	;	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	49	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	50	but(if(the(claim(is(that(a(pregnant(woman(feels(attached(to(her(fetus(and(it’s(her	but(if(the(claim(is(that(a(pregnant(woman(feels(attached(to(her(fetus(and(it’s(her	X
fpq-2987	99	51	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	52	own(fetus,(then(the(account(collapses(into(a(proprietary(account	own(fetus,(then(the(account(collapses(into(a(proprietary(account	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	53	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	54	just(the(sort(of	just(the(sort(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	55	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	56	account(gheaus(set(out(to(avoid.(since(‘bonding’(is(additionally(a(socially	account(gheaus(set(out(to(avoid.(since(‘bonding’(is(additionally(a(socially	ADV
fpq-2987	99	57	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	58	pernicious(construct	pernicious(construct	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	59	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	60	demanding(not(just(perfect(behaviour(from(future	demanding(not(just(perfect(behaviour(from(future	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	61	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	62	mothers,(but(indeed(perfect(thoughts	mothers,(but(indeed(perfect(thought	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	63	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	64	there(is(just(no(good(reason(to(accept(the	there(is(just(no(good(reason(to(accept(the	PRON
fpq-2987	99	65	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	66	claim(that(maternalgfetal(bonding(is(what(grounds(parental(rights	claim(that(maternalgfetal(bonding(is(what(grounds(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	67	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	68	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	69	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	70	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	71	section)5.)should)we)abandon)parental)rights	section)5.)should)we)abandon)parental)right	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	72	?	?	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	73	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	74	labour	labour	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	75	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	76	even(gestation	even(gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	77	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	78	cannot(ground(parental(rights(on(its(own.(as(we	cannot(ground(parental(rights(on(its(own.(as(we	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	79	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	80	saw(in(section(1,(simple(genetic(accounts(are(even(more(troubled.(it(is(difficult(to	saw(in(section(1,(simple(genetic(accounts(are(even(more(troubled.(it(is(difficult(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	81	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	82	see(how(we(can(ground(parental(rights(claims(at(all(without(claiming(that,(in	see(how(we(can(ground(parental(rights(claims(at(all(without(claiming(that,(in	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	83	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	84	some(sense(or(other,(parents(own(their(children;(and(it(seems(that(we(shouldn’t	some(sense(or(other,(parents(own(their(children;(and(it(seems(that(we(shouldn’t	ADJ
fpq-2987	99	85	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	86	make(this(claim.(a(tempting(way(to(respond(to(the(problem(is(to(reject(parental	make(this(claim.(a(tempting(way(to(respond(to(the(problem(is(to(reject(parental	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	87	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	88	rights(altogether:(parents(just(don’t(have(rights;(parents(have(obligations,(and	rights(altogether:(parents(just(don’t(have(rights;(parents(have(obligations,(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	89	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	90	nothing(more.(if(anyone(thinks(it(unfair(that(parents(labour(towards(the(end(of	nothing(more.(if(anyone(thinks(it(unfair(that(parents(labour(towards(the(end(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	91	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	92	36(to(be(clear,(pregnant(women(certainly(are(physically(attached(to(their	36(to(be(clear,(pregnant(women(certainly(are(physically(attached(to(their	PROPN
fpq-2987	99	93	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	94	fetuses.(something(more(than(this(is(being(claimed(in(saying(that(the(pregnant	fetuses.(something(more(than(this(is(being(claimed(in(saying(that(the(pregnant	NOUN
fpq-2987	99	95	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	99	96	woman(is(in(an(‘intimate(relationship’(with(her(fetus	woman(is(in(an(‘intimate(relationship’(with(her(fetus	NUM
fpq-2987	99	97	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	100	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	100	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	100	3	37(compare(with:(i(am(fond(of(my(neighbour’s(dog(or(i(love(switzerland	37(compare(with:(i(am(fond(of(my(neighbour’s(dog(or(i(love(switzerland	NUM
fpq-2987	100	4	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	2	23	23	NUM
fpq-2987	101	3	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	101	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	101	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	9	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	101	10	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	101	11	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	13	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	101	14	enjoying(the(goods(of(parenthood,(and(then(have(no(right(to(it,(well,(no(one	enjoying(the(goods(of(parenthood,(and(then(have(no(right(to(it,(well,(no(one	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	16	forced(them(to,(so(they(can(hardly(complain.38	forced(them(to,(so(they(can(hardly(complain.38	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	17	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	18	but(this(bulletgbiting(doesn’t(answer(the(question(of(why(‘good(enough’(is	but(this(bulletgbiting(doesn’t(answer(the(question(of(why(‘good(enough’(i	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	19	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	20	good(enough.(even(if(we(bite(the(bullet(on(baby(regdistribution	good(enough.(even(if(we(bite(the(bullet(on(baby(regdistribution	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	21	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	22	even(if(we	even(if(we	ADJ
fpq-2987	101	23	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	24	accept(the(claim(that(parents(rights(would(not(be(violated(by(having(their	accept(the(claim(that(parents(rights(would(not(be(violated(by(having(their	X
fpq-2987	101	25	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	26	children(redistributed(to(more(worthy(parents	children(redistributed(to(more(worthy(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	27	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	28	we(are(still(left(with(a(question	we(are(still(left(with(a(question	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	29	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	30	to(answer:(why(are(we(not(violating(children’s(rights(by(not(redistributing(them	to(answer:(why(are(we(not(violating(children’s(rights(by(not(redistributing(them	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	31	?	?	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	33	why(is(it(okay(to(leave(children(with(nongideal(parents?(we(need(some(account	why(is(it(okay(to(leave(children(with(nongideal(parents?(we(need(some(account	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	35	of(what(competing(considerations(are(tempering(children’s(rights(to(good(care	of(what(competing(considerations(are(tempering(children’s(rights(to(good(care	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	36	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	37	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	38	otherwise,(most(of(us(are(violating(the(rights(of(our(children(daily.39(what(i	otherwise,(most(of(us(are(violating(the(rights(of(our(children(daily.39(what(i	X
fpq-2987	101	39	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	40	would(like(to(propose(very(briefly(in(this(closing(section,(is(that(we(would(fare	would(like(to(propose(very(briefly(in(this(closing(section,(is(that(we(would(fare	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	41	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	42	better(explaining(why(good(enough(is(good(enough(by(building(a(deflationary	better(explaining(why(good(enough(is(good(enough(by(building(a(deflationary	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	43	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	44	account(of(parental(rights,(one(that(piggybacks(on(parental(obligation	account(of(parental(rights,(one(that(piggybacks(on(parental(obligation	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	45	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	46	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	47	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	48	a(good(starting(point(for(such(an(account(is(brennan(and(noggle’s((1997	a(good(starting(point(for(such(an(account(is(brennan(and(noggle’s((1997	ADJ
fpq-2987	101	49	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	50	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	51	stewardship(account(of(parental(rights.(according(to(this(account,(parental(rights	stewardship(account(of(parental(rights.(according(to(this(account,(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	52	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	53	are(‘stewardship(rights’.(‘a(stewardship(right(is(a(right(someone(has(in(virtue(of	are(‘stewardship(rights’.(‘a(stewardship(right(is(a(right(someone(has(in(virtue(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	54	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	55	being(a(steward	being(a(steward	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	56	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	57	as(opposed(to(an(owner	as(opposed(to(an(owner	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	58	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	59	of(someone(or(something	of(someone(or(something	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	60	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	61	’(the	’(the	PRON
fpq-2987	101	62	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	63	owner(of(a(thing(has(a(right(to(dispose(of(it,(neglect(it,(sell(it(on;(and(no(obligation	owner(of(a(thing(has(a(right(to(dispose(of(it,(neglect(it,(sell(it(on;(and(no(obligation	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	64	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	65	to(care(for(it.(the(steward(of(a(thing,(on(the(other(hand,(has(an(obligation(to(care	to(care(for(it.(the(steward(of(a(thing,(on(the(other(hand,(has(an(obligation(to(care	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	66	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	67	for(it,(and(those(rights(necessary(for(doing(so.(parental(rights,(then,(including(the	for(it,(and(those(rights(necessary(for(doing(so.(parental(rights,(then,(including(the	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	68	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	69	right(to(continue(to(parent(even(in(case(of(nongoptimality,(are(‘necessary(to(allow	right(to(continue(to(parent(even(in(case(of(nongoptimality,(are(‘necessary(to(allow	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	70	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	71	the(parents(the(freedom(to(effectively(protect(and(nurture(children’,(since(the	the(parents(the(freedom(to(effectively(protect(and(nurture(children’,(since(the	PRON
fpq-2987	101	72	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	73	duty(to(promote(the(interest(of(the(child(is(an(imperfect(duty,(and(as(such,(the	duty(to(promote(the(interest(of(the(child(is(an(imperfect(duty,(and(as(such,(the	PRON
fpq-2987	101	74	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	75	parent(must(have(‘the(right(to(exercise(her(own(judgment(in(carrying(it(out	parent(must(have(‘the(right(to(exercise(her(own(judgment(in(carrying(it(out	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	76	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	77	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	78	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	79	brennan(and(noggle(1997,(12g13).40	brennan(and(noggle(1997,(12g13).40	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	80	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	81	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	82	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	83	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	84	it(is(not(clear,(however,(that(stewardship(rights(can(explain(why(good	it(is(not(clear,(however,(that(stewardship(rights(can(explain(why(good	X
fpq-2987	101	85	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	86	enough(is(good(enough.(sometimes(it(is(perfectly(clear(that(one’s(parenting(is	enough(is(good(enough.(sometimes(it(is(perfectly(clear(that(one’s(parenting(is	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	87	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	88	nongoptimal,(and(yet(we(think(that(this(is(not(a(reason(to(reassign(parentage,(and	nongoptimal,(and(yet(we(think(that(this(is(not(a(reason(to(reassign(parentage,(and	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	89	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	90	nor(is(it(a(violation(of(the(child’s(rights,(so(long(as(the(parenting(meets(the(‘good	nor(is(it(a(violation(of(the(child’s(rights,(so(long(as(the(parenting(meets(the(‘good	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	91	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	92	enough’(standard,(whatever(that(is.(even(if(our(duties(to(our(children(are	enough’(standard,(whatever(that(is.(even(if(our(duties(to(our(children(are	PROPN
fpq-2987	101	93	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	94	imperfect(duties,(multiplygrealisable(and(multiplygfulfilled,(it(is(easy(enough(to	imperfect(duties,(multiplygrealisable(and(multiplygfulfilled,(it(is(easy(enough(to	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	95	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	96	pick(out(clear(‘better’(or(‘worse’(parental(decisions.(so,(although(stewardship	pick(out(clear(‘better’(or(‘worse’(parental(decisions.(so,(although(stewardship	NOUN
fpq-2987	101	97	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	98	38(there(are(obvious(exceptions(to(the(claim(that(‘no(one(forced(them(to	38(there(are(obvious(exceptions(to(the(claim(that(‘no(one(forced(them(to	NUM
fpq-2987	101	99	’	'	PUNCT
fpq-2987	101	100	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	102	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	102	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	102	3	39(while(i(certainly(have(days(when(this(feels(true,(i(hope(that(it(is(not	39(while(i(certainly(have(days(when(this(feels(true,(i(hope(that(it(is(not	ADV
fpq-2987	102	4	!	!	PUNCT
fpq-2987	103	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	103	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	103	3	40i(have(obviously(not(done(justice(to(the(richness(and(complexity(of(brennan	40i(have(obviously(not(done(justice(to(the(richness(and(complexity(of(brennan	NUM
fpq-2987	103	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	103	5	and(noggle’s(account(with(this(very(brief(rungthrough,(but(i(hope(it(is(sufficient(for	and(noggle’s(account(with(this(very(brief(rungthrough,(but(i(hope(it(is(sufficient(for	ADP
fpq-2987	103	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	103	7	my(purposes(in(this(section	my(purposes(in(this(section	NOUN
fpq-2987	103	8	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	104	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	104	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	104	3	24	24	NUM
fpq-2987	104	4	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	104	5	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	104	6	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	104	7	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	104	8	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	104	9	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	104	10	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	105	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	105	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	105	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	105	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	105	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	105	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	105	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	105	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	105	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	105	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	106	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	106	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	106	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	106	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	106	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	106	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	106	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	106	8	gets(us(a(fair(way(to(explaining(nongproprietary(parental(rights,(it(alone(cannot	gets(us(a(fair(way(to(explaining(nongproprietary(parental(rights,(it(alone(cannot	NOUN
fpq-2987	106	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	106	10	answer(the(goodgenough(worry	answer(the(goodgenough(worry	PROPN
fpq-2987	106	11	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	4	my(very(brief(and(speculative(answer(to(this(is(that,(in(addition(to(being(their	my(very(brief(and(speculative(answer(to(this(is(that,(in(addition(to(being(their	X
fpq-2987	107	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	6	children’s(stewards,(parents	children’s(stewards,(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	107	7	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	8	like(all(moral(agents	like(all(moral(agent	NOUN
fpq-2987	107	9	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	10	have(a((negative,(defeasible	have(a((negative,(defeasible	NUM
fpq-2987	107	11	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	13	right(to(meet(their(moral(obligations	right(to(meet(their(moral(obligation	NOUN
fpq-2987	107	14	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	15	either(by(meeting(them(themselves,(or(by	either(by(meeting(them(themselves,(or(by	PROPN
fpq-2987	107	16	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	17	actively(ensuring(that(they(are(met	actively(ensuring(that(they(are(met	NUM
fpq-2987	107	18	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	19	and(this(right(competes(with(children’s(rights	and(this(right(competes(with(children’s(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	107	20	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	21	to(best(care.41(because(biological(parents(are(causal(parents((when(they(are)—that	to(best(care.41(because(biological(parents(are(causal(parents((when(they(are)—that	X
fpq-2987	107	22	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	23	is,(because(biological(parents(make(it(the(case(that(their(children(exist(and(need(care	is,(because(biological(parents(make(it(the(case(that(their(children(exist(and(need(care	PROPN
fpq-2987	107	24	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	25	in(the(first(instance	in(the(first(instance	NOUN
fpq-2987	107	26	—	—	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	27	biological(parents(have(an(obligation(to(make(it(the(case(that	biological(parents(have(an(obligation(to(make(it(the(case(that	PROPN
fpq-2987	107	28	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	29	their(children’s(lives(are(good(ones,(so(far(as(they(are(able.42(and(because(parents	their(children’s(lives(are(good(ones,(so(far(as(they(are(able.42(and(because(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	107	30	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	31	have(a(right(to(ensure(the(fulfilment(of(their(obligations,(biological(parents(thereby	have(a(right(to(ensure(the(fulfilment(of(their(obligations,(biological(parents(thereby	ADV
fpq-2987	107	32	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	33	have(a(limited(right(to(parent(their(biological(children.(the(limit(to(this(right(is((you	have(a(limited(right(to(parent(their(biological(children.(the(limit(to(this(right(is((you	PRON
fpq-2987	107	34	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	107	35	guessed(it)(good(enough	guessed(it)(good(enough	PROPN
fpq-2987	107	36	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	108	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	108	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	108	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	108	4	references	reference	NOUN
fpq-2987	108	5	)	)	PUNCT
fpq-2987	108	6	austin,(michael(w.(2007.(conceptions$of$parenthood:$ethics$and$the$family	austin,(michael(w.(2007.(conceptions$of$parenthood:$ethics$and$the$family	ADV
fpq-2987	108	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	109	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	109	2	burlington:(ashgate	burlington:(ashgate	NOUN
fpq-2987	109	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	110	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	110	2	bowlby,(john.(1957.("the(nature(of(the(child's(tie(to(his(mother	bowlby,(john.(1957.("the(nature(of(the(child's(tie(to(his(mother	ADP
fpq-2987	110	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	111	1	"(the$international$	"(the$international$	PROPN
fpq-2987	111	2	journal$of$psycho	journal$of$psycho	PROPN
fpq-2987	111	3	<	<	X
fpq-2987	111	4	analysis(39(5):(350g373	analysis(39(5):(350g373	NOUN
fpq-2987	111	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	112	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	112	2	brandon,(anna(r	brandon,(anna(r	NUM
fpq-2987	112	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	112	4	,(sandra(pitts,(wayne(h.(denton,(c.(allen(stringer,(and(h.(m.(evans	,(sandra(pitts,(wayne(h.(denton,(c.(allen(stringer,(and(h.(m.(evans	X
fpq-2987	112	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	113	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	113	2	2009.("a(history(of(the(theory(of(prenatal(attachment	2009.("a(history(of(the(theory(of(prenatal(attachment	NUM
fpq-2987	113	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	114	1	"(journal$of$prenatal$&$	"(journal$of$prenatal$&$	PROPN
fpq-2987	114	2	perinatal$psychology$&$health:$apppah(23(4):(201g222	perinatal$psychology$&$health:$apppah(23(4):(201g222	PROPN
fpq-2987	114	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	115	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	115	2	brennan,(samantha,(and(robert(noggle.(1997.("the(moral(status(of(children	brennan,(samantha,(and(robert(noggle.(1997.("the(moral(status(of(children	X
fpq-2987	115	3	:(	:(	SYM
fpq-2987	115	4	children's(rights,(parents'(rights,(and(family(justice	children's(rights,(parents'(rights,(and(family(justice	NOUN
fpq-2987	115	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	116	1	"(social$theory$and$	"(social$theory$and$	PROPN
fpq-2987	116	2	practice(23((1):(1g26	practice(23((1):(1g26	NUM
fpq-2987	116	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	117	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	117	2	41(i(take(it(that(this(right(is(agentive.(that(is,(as(an(obligor,(i(have(a(right(to	41(i(take(it(that(this(right(is(agentive.(that(is,(as(an(obligor,(i(have(a(right(to	PROPN
fpq-2987	117	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	117	4	steer(my(own(moral(ship,(so(to(speak:(taking(decision(and(acting(power,(with	steer(my(own(moral(ship,(so(to(speak:(taking(decision(and(acting(power,(with	NOUN
fpq-2987	117	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	117	6	respect(to(my(doing(morally(right,(away(from(me(violates(this(right.(as(the(moral	respect(to(my(doing(morally(right,(away(from(me(violates(this(right.(as(the(moral	PROPN
fpq-2987	117	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	117	8	agent(with(the(obligation,(my(right(is(that(i(be(given(the(opportunity(to(do(the(job	agent(with(the(obligation,(my(right(is(that(i(be(given(the(opportunity(to(do(the(job	NOUN
fpq-2987	117	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	117	10	that(is(mine(to(do	that(is(mine(to(do	NOUN
fpq-2987	117	11	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	3	42(a(causal(account(of(parental(obligation(will(not(always(coincide(with	42(a(causal(account(of(parental(obligation(will(not(always(coincide(with	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	4	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	5	biological(parenthood.(for(example,(when(a(couple(have(a(child(using(donor(sperm	biological(parenthood.(for(example,(when(a(couple(have(a(child(using(donor(sperm	PROPN
fpq-2987	118	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	8	the(nonggestational((social)(parent(is(a(causal(parent(but(not(a(biological(parent	the(nonggestational((social)(parent(is(a(causal(parent(but(not(a(biological(parent	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	9	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	11	however,(causal(parenthood(coincides(with(most(of(what(we(take(to(be(paradigm	however,(causal(parenthood(coincides(with(most(of(what(we(take(to(be(paradigm	PROPN
fpq-2987	118	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	13	biological(parenthood.(see(my((2012)(and((2014)(for(more(on(causal(parenthood	biological(parenthood.(see(my((2012)(and((2014)(for(more(on(causal(parenthood	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	14	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	15	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	16	25	25	NUM
fpq-2987	118	17	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	18	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	19	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	20	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	118	21	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	118	22	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	23	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	118	24	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	118	25	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	118	26	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	27	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	118	28	condon,(john(t	condon,(john(t	X
fpq-2987	118	29	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	30	,(and(carolyn(corkindale.(1997.("the(correlates(of(antenatal	,(and(carolyn(corkindale.(1997.("the(correlates(of(antenatal	PROPN
fpq-2987	118	31	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	118	32	attachment(in(pregnant(women	attachment(in(pregnant(woman	NOUN
fpq-2987	118	33	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	119	1	"(british$journal$of$medical$psychology(70(4	"(british$journal$of$medical$psychology(70(4	X
fpq-2987	119	2	):	):	PUNCT
fpq-2987	119	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	119	4	359g372	359g372	NUM
fpq-2987	119	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	120	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	120	2	cranley,(mecca(s.(1981.("development(of(a(tool(for(the(measurement(of(maternal	cranley,(mecca(s.(1981.("development(of(a(tool(for(the(measurement(of(maternal	PROPN
fpq-2987	120	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	120	4	attachment(during(pregnancy	attachment(during(pregnancy	NOUN
fpq-2987	120	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	121	1	"(nursing$research(30(5):(281g284	"(nursing$research(30(5):(281g284	INTJ
fpq-2987	121	2	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	122	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	122	2	gheaus,(anca.(2012.("the(right(to(parent(one's(biological(baby*."(journal$of$political$	gheaus,(anca.(2012.("the(right(to(parent(one's(biological(baby*."(journal$of$political$	PROPN
fpq-2987	122	3	philosophy(20(4):(432g455	philosophy(20(4):(432g455	PROPN
fpq-2987	122	4	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	123	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	123	2	hall,(barbara.(1999.("the(origin(of(parental(rights	hall,(barbara.(1999.("the(origin(of(parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	123	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	124	1	"(public$affairs$quarterly(13(1	"(public$affairs$quarterly(13(1	VERB
fpq-2987	124	2	):	):	PUNCT
fpq-2987	124	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	124	4	73g82	73g82	NUM
fpq-2987	124	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	125	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	125	2	hardimon,(michael(o.(1994.("role(obligations	hardimon,(michael(o.(1994.("role(obligation	NOUN
fpq-2987	125	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	125	4	"(the$journal$of$philosophy(91(7	"(the$journal$of$philosophy(91(7	NOUN
fpq-2987	125	5	):	):	PUNCT
fpq-2987	125	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	125	7	333g363	333g363	NOUN
fpq-2987	125	8	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	126	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	126	2	hague(conference(on(international(private(law((hcch).(2014.("the(desirability(and	hague(conference(on(international(private(law((hcch).(2014.("the(desirability(and	NOUN
fpq-2987	126	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	126	4	feasibility(of(further(work(on(the(parentage	feasibility(of(further(work(on(the(parentage	NOUN
fpq-2987	126	5	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	126	6	surrogacy(project	surrogacy(project	PROPN
fpq-2987	126	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	127	1	"(the(hague	"(the(hague	PROPN
fpq-2987	127	2	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	127	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	127	4	netherlands:(hague(permanent(bureau	netherlands:(hague(permanent(bureau	PROPN
fpq-2987	127	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	127	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	127	7	http://www.hcch.net/upload/wop/gap2014pd03b_en.pdf	http://www.hcch.net/upload/wop/gap2014pd03b_en.pdf	PROPN
fpq-2987	127	8	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	128	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	128	2	human(fertilisation(and(embryology(authority((hfea).(1987.(act(2008(uniform	human(fertilisation(and(embryology(authority((hfea).(1987.(act(2008(uniform	NOUN
fpq-2987	128	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	128	4	parentage(act(§(3,(9b(u.l.a.(297g98	parentage(act(§(3,(9b(u.l.a.(297g98	PROPN
fpq-2987	128	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	129	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	129	2	kolers,(avery,(and(tim(bayne.(2001.("'are(you(my(mommy?'(on(the(genetic(basis(of	kolers,(avery,(and(tim(bayne.(2001.("'are(you(my(mommy?'(on(the(genetic(basis(of	PROPN
fpq-2987	129	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	129	4	parenthood	parenthood	NOUN
fpq-2987	129	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	130	1	"(journal$of$applied$philosophy(18(3):(273g285	"(journal$of$applied$philosophy(18(3):(273g285	PROPN
fpq-2987	130	2	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	131	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	131	2	liao,(s.(matthew.(2014.(“[insert(title(of(talk].”(paper(presented(at(family(ethics	liao,(s.(matthew.(2014.(“[insert(title(of(talk].”(paper(presented(at(family(ethics	X
fpq-2987	131	3	:(	:(	X
fpq-2987	131	4	partiality(revisited,(berne,(switzerland,(january(24	partiality(revisited,(berne,(switzerland,(january(24	PROPN
fpq-2987	131	5	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	131	6	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	131	7	lindgren,(kelly.(2001.("relationships(among(maternal	lindgren,(kelly.(2001.("relationships(among(maternal	ADJ
fpq-2987	131	8	–	–	PUNCT
fpq-2987	131	9	fetal(attachment,(prenatal	fetal(attachment,(prenatal	ADJ
fpq-2987	131	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	131	11	depression,(and(health(practices(in(pregnancy	depression,(and(health(practices(in(pregnancy	NOUN
fpq-2987	131	12	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	1	"(research$in$nursing$&$health	"(research$in$nursing$&$health	NOUN
fpq-2987	132	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	3	24(3):(203g217	24(3):(203g217	PROPN
fpq-2987	132	4	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	6	müller,(mary(e.(1984.("prenatal(and(postnatal(attachment:(a(modest(correlation	müller,(mary(e.(1984.("prenatal(and(postnatal(attachment:(a(modest(correlation	NOUN
fpq-2987	132	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	8	"	"	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	9	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	132	10	journal$of$obstetric,$gynecologic,$&$neonatal$nursing(25(2):(161g166	journal$of$obstetric,$gynecologic,$&$neonatal$nursing(25(2):(161g166	NOUN
fpq-2987	132	11	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	133	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	133	2	narveson,(jan.(2001.(the$libertarian$idea.(peterborough:(broadview(press	narveson,(jan.(2001.(the$libertarian$idea.(peterborough:(broadview(press	NUM
fpq-2987	133	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	134	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	134	2	page,(edgar.(1984.("parental(rights	page,(edgar.(1984.("parental(right	NOUN
fpq-2987	134	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	135	1	"(journal$of$applied$philosophy(1(2):(187g203	"(journal$of$applied$philosophy(1(2):(187g203	X
fpq-2987	135	2	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	136	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	136	2	pollock,(philip(h	pollock,(philip(h	X
fpq-2987	136	3	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	136	4	,(and(andrew(percy.(1999.("maternal(antenatal(attachment(style	,(and(andrew(percy.(1999.("maternal(antenatal(attachment(style	PROPN
fpq-2987	136	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	136	6	and(potential(fetal(abuse	and(potential(fetal(abuse	PROPN
fpq-2987	136	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	137	1	"(child$abuse$&$neglect(23(12):(1345g1357	"(child$abuse$&$neglect(23(12):(1345g1357	ADJ
fpq-2987	137	2	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	138	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	138	2	porter,(lindsey.(2012.("adoption(is(not(abortionglite	porter,(lindsey.(2012.("adoption(is(not(abortionglite	NOUN
fpq-2987	138	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	138	4	"(journal$of$applied$philosophy	"(journal$of$applied$philosophy	PROPN
fpq-2987	138	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	138	6	29(1):(63g78	29(1):(63g78	NUM
fpq-2987	138	7	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	138	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	139	1	_	_	PUNCT
fpq-2987	140	1	_	_	PUNCT
fpq-2987	141	1	_	_	PUNCT
fpq-2987	141	2	.(2014.("why(and(how(to(prefer(a(causal(account(of(parenthood	.(2014.("why(and(how(to(prefer(a(causal(account(of(parenthood	PROPN
fpq-2987	141	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	142	1	"$journal$of$	"$journal$of$	PROPN
fpq-2987	142	2	social$philosophy(45(2):(182g202	social$philosophy(45(2):(182g202	NOUN
fpq-2987	142	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	143	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	143	2	singer,(peter.(1986.("all(animals(are(equal	singer,(peter.(1986.("all(animals(are(equal	ADJ
fpq-2987	143	3	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	144	1	"(in(applied$ethics,(edited(by(peter(singer	"(in(applied$ethics,(edited(by(peter(singer	NOUN
fpq-2987	144	2	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	144	3	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	144	4	215g228.(oxford:(oxford(university(press	215g228.(oxford:(oxford(university(press	NUM
fpq-2987	144	5	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	2	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	3	van(den(dries,(linda,(femmie(juffer,(marinus(h.(van(ijzendoorn,(and(marian(j	van(den(dries,(linda,(femmie(juffer,(marinus(h.(van(ijzendoorn,(and(marian(j	X
fpq-2987	145	4	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	5	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	6	bakermansgkranenburg.(2009.("fostering(security?(a(metaganalysis(of	bakermansgkranenburg.(2009.("fostering(security?(a(metaganalysis(of	NOUN
fpq-2987	145	7	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	8	attachment(in(adopted(children	attachment(in(adopted(children	NOUN
fpq-2987	145	9	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	10	"(children$and$youth$services$review(31(3	"(children$and$youth$services$review(31(3	X
fpq-2987	145	11	):	):	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	12	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	145	13	410g421	410g421	PROPN
fpq-2987	145	14	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	146	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	146	2	26	26	NUM
fpq-2987	146	3	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	146	4	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	146	5	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	146	6	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	146	7	vol	vol	NOUN
fpq-2987	146	8	.	.	NOUN
fpq-2987	146	9	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	147	1	[	[	X
fpq-2987	147	2	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	147	3	]	]	PUNCT
fpq-2987	147	4	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	147	5	iss	iss	PROPN
fpq-2987	147	6	.	.	PROPN
fpq-2987	147	7	1	1	NUM
fpq-2987	147	8	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	147	9	art	art	NOUN
fpq-2987	147	10	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	148	1	5	5	NUM
fpq-2987	148	2	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fpq/vol1/iss1/5	NOUN
fpq-2987	148	3	doi	doi	NOUN
fpq-2987	148	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	148	5	10.5206	10.5206	NUM
fpq-2987	148	6	/	/	SYM
fpq-2987	148	7	fpq/2015.1.5	fpq/2015.1.5	NUM
fpq-2987	148	8	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	148	9	lindsey(porter(works(on(issues(in(reproductive(and(parental(ethics.(her(research	lindsey(porter(works(on(issues(in(reproductive(and(parental(ethics.(her(research	PROPN
fpq-2987	148	10	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	148	11	has(been(published(in(the(journal$of$social$philosophy,$the(journal$of$medical$	has(been(published(in(the(journal$of$social$philosophy,$the(journal$of$medical$	PROPN
fpq-2987	148	12	ethics,$and(the$journal$of$applied$philosophy	ethics,$and(the$journal$of$applied$philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	148	13	.	.	PUNCT
fpq-2987	149	1	(	(	PUNCT
fpq-2987	149	2	27	27	NUM
fpq-2987	149	3	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	149	4	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	149	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	149	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	149	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	149	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	149	9	published	publish	VERB
fpq-2987	149	10	by	by	ADP
fpq-2987	149	11	scholarship@western	scholarship@western	PROPN
fpq-2987	149	12	,	,	PUNCT
fpq-2987	149	13	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	149	14	feminist	feminist	ADJ
fpq-2987	149	15	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
fpq-2987	149	16	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fpq-2987	149	17	2015	2015	NUM
fpq-2987	149	18	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	149	19	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	149	20	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	149	21	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	149	22	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	149	23	why	why	SCONJ
fpq-2987	149	24	is	be	AUX
fpq-2987	149	25	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	149	26	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	149	27	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	149	28	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	149	29	?	?	PUNCT
fpq-2987	150	1	lindsey	lindsey	NOUN
fpq-2987	150	2	porter	porter	NOUN
fpq-2987	150	3	recommended	recommend	VERB
fpq-2987	150	4	citation	citation	NOUN
fpq-2987	150	5	gestation	gestation	NOUN
fpq-2987	150	6	and	and	CCONJ
fpq-2987	150	7	parental	parental	ADJ
fpq-2987	150	8	rights	right	NOUN
fpq-2987	150	9	:	:	PUNCT
fpq-2987	150	10	why	why	SCONJ
fpq-2987	150	11	is	be	AUX
fpq-2987	150	12	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	150	13	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	150	14	good	good	ADJ
fpq-2987	150	15	enough	enough	ADV
fpq-2987	150	16	?	?	PUNCT