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Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 
Volume 4 Issue 2, 2022 

http://faba.bg 

Design of Corporate Project Performance and Labor Productivity at PT 

Vitra Graha Interia   

Moh.Mukhsin1, Syarifaturrodiyah2  

Faculty of Economics and Business, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Indonesia 

Info Articles  
 

Abstract 

Keywords:  

labor productivity; education; 
remuneration; design; project 
performance  
 

 To achieve good project performance, the company must meet three 

indicators: the project must be completed on time and on budget, at a cost 
that does not exceed the budget, and with quality that meets specifications 

or agreements. Labor productivity factors, according to some studies, can 
have an impact on project performance. This study will thus investigate 

the impact of labor productivity factors such as education, experience, 
remuneration, materials, and design on project performance. With an R2 

value of 0.215, productivity has a significant positive effect on project 

performance, implying that variables in this study contribute 21.5% to 
project performance, while the remaining 78.5% is influenced by other 

factors. All PT Vitra Graha Interia employees who are directly involved in 
Bank BTPN's sharia projects from September 2019 to January 2020 are 

included in this study. The sample was drawn from the entire population 
(saturated sample). Eighty of the 270 distributed questionnaires were 

returned in full and could be analyzed. IBM SPSS 25 Applications will 

then be used to process the data. Testing revealed that educational, 
remuneration, and design factors are among the labor productivity factors 

that influence project performance. Meanwhile, at PT Vitra Graha Interia, 
experience and material factors have no effect on project performance. 

Meanwhile, with an R2 value of 0.215, labor productivity has a significant 

positive effect on project performance at PT Vitra Graha Interia. 

 

  

   

*Address Correspondence:   
E-mail: moh.mukhsin@untirta.ac.id1, 

syarifaturrodhiyah04@gmail.com2 

 

 

mailto:moh.mukhsin@untirta.ac.id
mailto:syarifaturrodhiyah04@gmail.com


Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

127 

 

INTRODUCTION 

 

A project can be said to be successful if the entire scope of work can meet the expected quality, 

according to the realization with the schedule, with the minimum cost and can be completed on time that 

has been agreed upon. Therefore, identify time, cost and quality as the three most important indicators to 

measure project performance (Meng 2012). However, due to the size and complexity of this industry, 

construction project implementation often has poor performance and is a concern among practitioners and 

academics (Thomas and Sudhakumar 2015). In its implementation projects often run inefficiently such as 

delays or delays in time, cost overruns, low productivity, poor quality and inadequate customer satisfaction 

(Eriksson and Westerberg 2011).  Labor productivity is an important part of various construction plans 

related to project schedules, quality, and costs (Pawiro, Tjakra, and Arsjad 2015). 

Productivity is a term in production activities as a comparison between output and input, the higher 

the productivity, the higher the level of project accuracy and the lower the wastage of costs that will occur. 

Productivity can also be interpreted as the level of efficiency in producing a good or service (Hernandi and 

Tamtana 2020). Efforts to produce better performance and increase productivity require an understanding 

of various productivity factors as a way to understand project performance (Soekiman et al. 2011). Factors 

that affect labor productivity need to be reviewed in various forms because in each project the factors that 

affect labor productivity are different, so in planning the workforce should be equipped with productivity 

analysis and indications of influencing variables. Thus the workforce can carry out their activities as 

expected (Pawiro, Tjakra, and Arsjad 2015). Poor project performance such as delays is caused by a lack of 

skills and expertise of the workforce where this workforce has low productivity so it takes a long time to 

complete a job on a project (Messah, Widodo, and Adoe 2013). Lack of workforce experience can cause a 

project to be judged to be running slowly (I. P. and Rini and Tenriajeng 2014). Poor performance is also 

found in companies where the determination of the number of wages and the time of receiving wages 

cannot meet workforce satisfaction, so it is following . 

Maslow's theory of needs where if remuneration cannot meet the physiological needs of workers, they 

tend to have low productivity (Hatmoko 2014). Then another labor productivity factor that is seen to affect 

project performance is material. material factors are the most influential factors on project performance, 

delays in materials will cause unavailability of materials needed by workers, so workers are forced to 

stop/postpone work where this will interfere with labor productivity and affect the overall schedule 

(Margareth and Simanjuntak 2010). And the design factor has a fairly high influence value, especially in 

large-scale companies (Soekiman et al. 2011).  

PT Vitra Graha Interia is a company engaged in Furniture and Interior Design. As a contractor, PT 

Vitra Graha Intera is the party responsible for the procurement of furniture for construction projects. The 

implementation of company projects is often delayed. Where project delays experienced by this company 

resulted in project cost overruns. One of them is a project owned by the Bank BTPN sharia project period 

from September 2019 to January 2020. The delay in project completion at PT Vitra Graha Interia was 

caused by several obstacles including material procurement problems, obstacles in the design process, 

workers who were unable to complete the project on time, then the quality of the project results are not 

following the agreed specifications so there must be rework. So based on these problems, this study aims to 

analyze labor productivity factors, especially the factors indicated to contribute to project performance 

problems at PT Vitra Graha Interia including education factors, experience factors, remuneration factors, 

material factors and design factors. 

 

LITERATURE REVIEW 

 

Labor Productivity 

Productivity is a measure that states how to manage and utilize resources to achieve optimal results. 

Productivity can be used as a measure of the success of an industry in producing goods or services. So the 

higher the ratio, the higher the product produced (Harris, Alam, and Wibowo 2017). There are two 

measurements of productivity, the first measurement is the measurement of productivity in a wider angle 

called multifactor productivity or total factor productivity (TFP) where the product/service (output) is 

compared to many or all of the resources (input) (Haizer, Render, and Munson 2017). Multifactor 

productivity/total factor productivity (TFP) can be expressed in the following equation: 

 

TFP = 
Total Output

Σ(Labors +Material+Equipment+Energy+Capital)
   (1) 

 

Data for calculating Multifactor productivity/total factor productivity is relatively difficult to obtain, 

but in the process of measuring productivity, it can be done more easily and under control by using single-



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

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factor productivity/partial factor productivity (PFP), namely the comparison of products/services (output) 

compared to specifics. one resource (input). One of the most commonly used PFP measures is labor 

productivity, which is defined as the ratio of output to labor input; the output is the quantity of 

products/services produced by the workforce, and the input is the labor time (Thomas and Sudhakumar 

2015). Labor productivity is expressed in the following equation: 

Labor productivity = 
Output Quantity

Working hours
    (2) 

Productivity is a term in production activities as a comparison between output and input, the higher 

the productivity, the higher the level of project accuracy and the lower the waste of costs that will occur. 

Productivity can also be interpreted as the level of efficiency in producing a good or service  (Hernandi and 

Tamtana 2020).  

 

 Factors of Labor Productivity 

Labor productivity factors are all factors that affect productivity which is seen as a subsystem to show 

where the productivity potential and reserves are stored (Hendra, 2013). In another study, labor 

productivity factors were identified as key factors usually used by stakeholders in each to formulate 

strategies to improve their industry performance (Soekiman et al. 2011). The factors of labor productivity 

are based on several studies, namely research from (I. P. Rini 2017), (I. P. and Rini and Tenriajeng 2014), 

(Hatmoko 2014), and (Berk 2016) and indicators of influence on project performance are as follows: 

1. Educational Factor 

Education is an activity to improve the ability of the workforce by increasing knowledge and 

understanding of general knowledge and economic knowledge in general, including increasing mastery of 

decision-making theory in dealing with organizational problems. While training is an activity to improve 

the ability of employees by increasing knowledge and operational skills in carrying out a job (Masram and 

Mu’ah 2015). Based on several studies, the indicators in this factor are the educational background / final 

level of the workforce, the knowledge, and ability of the workforce in each type of work, and training that 

is carried out periodically by the company to improve the ability of the workforce. 

2. Experience Factor 

Experience is a measure of the length of time or period of work that the workforce has taken in 

understanding the tasks of a job and has carried it out well. The wider a person's work experience, the 

more skilled a person is in acting to achieve the goals set (Rizkie, Ani, and Hartanto 2019). Based on 

several studies, the indicators in this factor are the length of the workforce working in the same field, the 

skills of the workforce, and the experience of the project manager 

3. Remuneration Factor 

A remuneration is a form of imbalance received by the workforce for their distribution to the 

organization (Jawad and Iqbal 2018). The focus of financial remuneration indicators on this factor is the 

number of wages received by workers who have met the needs of the workforce, the number of wages 

received by workers according to or commensurate with their work, and the timeliness of payment of labor 

wages. 

4. Material Factor 

Material is the main component of the construction. Material is an item (goods) that is processed to 

make another item (Labombang and Qamaria 2012). The indicators for this factor are the availability of 

material that is maintained, the quality of the material is the best material quality, the scheduling/duration 

of time in material procurement so that the supply system is maintained and the material supplier is the 

chosen partner or supplier trusted by the company. 

5. Design Factor 

One of the important documents in project activities is the Design document. A design document is a 

communication tool between the planning consultant and the contractor related to the design to be built. 

Design documents are generally submitted in the form of construction drawings and specifications (RKS) 

(Mahirudin 2010). Indicators of these factors are a complete design, clearly legible design drawings, no 

errors in the design, no changes to the design, duration of time for revision and distribution of design 

money, duration of time for approval of changes to the scope of work, rework resulting from design 

changes or production errors. , and impractical designs. 

 

 Project Performance 

Project performance is a measure of how well a project is carried out in terms of objectives, time and 

budget constraints, and organizational policies and procedures (Institute 2017). Each project, as a distinct 

set of activities, has a specific goal to achieve. Limits have been established in the process of achieving 

these objectives, namely the amount of cost (budget) allocated, time/schedule, and quality limits that must 

be met. The triple constraint refers to these three constraints. These three constraints are critical parameters 



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

129 

 

for project implementation and are frequently linked to project goals. Because the three limits are mutually 

exclusive, it is generally followed if you want to improve the performance of the product that has been 

agreed upon in the contract. Project performance is a measure of how well a project is carried out in terms 

of objectives, time and budget constraints, and organizational policies and procedures (Institute 2017). 

Each project, as a distinct set of activities, has a specific goal to achieve. Limits reached in the process of 

achieving these objectives are typically followed by an increase in quality, which in turn increases costs 

that exceed the budget. On the other hand, if you want to cut costs, you usually have to sacrifice quality or 

timeliness. From a technical standpoint, the extent to which these three objectives can be met is the 

measure of project success (Dharmayanti, Adnyana, and Nugraha 2020). 

 

 Project Performance Indicator 

The level of success in carrying out tasks and the ability to achieve the goals that have been set is 

referred to as performance. If the desired goals are met correctly, performance is deemed good and 

successful. Many performance indicators related to various dimensions can be used to measure and 

evaluate project performance. such as time, cost, quality, customer satisfaction, client change, business 

performance, health, and safety. time, cost, and quality are the dominant dimensions of performance 

evaluation, which can be defined as follows: 

1. Time Performance 

Time performance is one element of a project's performance indicator is construction time. Time 

performance is the comparison between the agreed time between the owner and the contractor with the 

actual time of project completion. In this case, to achieve good project performance, the company must be 

able to carry out and complete the project on time according to the agreed schedule. 

2. Cost Performance 

Cost performance is an important criterion in project success. Cost performance is the most important 

indicator of project success that is used by many parties. This performance not only presents the 

profitability of the company but ut also the productivity of the organization at any time during the project 

process. Poor project cost performance is a major concern of customers. Based on the consequences above, 

the company must be able to ensure that the costs incurred for project work are the most optimal costs, do 

not experience swelling, and exceed the agreed budget. 

3. Quality Performance 

A quality performance is considered as a function of the procedures applied during the construction 

process. Quality is an important element for sustainable customer satisfaction. In the project, the 

contractor's quality performance is considered important for customer satisfaction. The company must be 

able to ensure that it can complete the project with results by the specifications agreed upon by the 

customer (Agsarini and Wiguna 2015). 

 

METHOD 

 

PT Vitra Graha Interia, Jalan Manis Raya No. 13, Manis industrial area, Tangerang Regency, Banten, 

conducted this study. And the project under consideration is the Bank BTPN Sharia project, which will run 

from September 2019 to January 2020. This study's population is the workforce at PT Vitra Graha Interia, 

which is directly involved in The Bank BTPN sharia project from September 2019 to January 2020, 

totaling 270 workers from various positions ranging from top management to workers from all divisions. 

The sample in this study is drawn from a saturated sampling technique, or it is drawn from the entire 

existing population. Sugyono (2013) The independent variable (X) and the dependent variable (Y) were the 

variables in this study (Y). The independent variables are labor productivity factors based on the results of 

the literature study and adjusted to the research problem in this article, while the dependent variable is 

project performance. The variables used in this study are presented in the following figure : 

 



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

130 

 

 
Figure 1. Variable 

 

The types of data needed in this research are secondary data and primary data. Secondary data is 

obtained from literature studies, both previous research through journals or books, and project time 

schedule reports from companies. Primary data were obtained through interviews and distributing 

questionnaires directly to respondents. The scale used in the questionnaire is the Likert scale. Where the 

Likert Scale is used to measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group of people about 

social phenomena. Using a Likert scale, each respondent's answer is scored as follows: 

 

Table 1. Likert Scale 

Qualification Answer Score 

Strongly disagree 1 

Disagree 2 

Neutral 3 

Agree 4 

Strongly agree 5 

 

A validity test is used to measure the validity or validity of a questionnaire. A valid instrument or 

questionnaire has a high level of validity. The instrument can be said to be valid if it can measure what is 

desired, able to reveal data from the variables studied appropriately. Using the SPSS 25 ordinal data 

application, the test is carried out by analyzing the correlation coefficient with the decision criteria if r > 

3% with a significant level of 5% (Sugiyono 2013). Reliability is a tool to measure the questionnaire which 

is an indicator of a variable. A questionnaire compiled can be said to be reliable or reliable if a person's 

answers to questions can be stable from time to time (Ghozali 2013). Calculation of reliability using the 

SPSS 25 application by looking at the reliability coefficients on alpha, the interpretation can be said to be 

reliable if the Cronbach alpha value > 0.6 (Sugiyono 2013). This study uses data with an ordinal scale, so it 

is necessary to transform the data into data with an interval scale using the successive interval method.The 

successive method is used to change the data that was originally in the form of ordinal data into interval 

data. Several studies stated that the Likert scale is included in the ordinal scale (Suliyanto 2011). An 

ordinal data must be converted into an interval first as a condition to be able to perform mathematical 

procedures such as regression (Wahyuni 2021). Data analysis carried out in this research is a multiple 

linear regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of each variable X (labor 

productivity factors) on variable Y (project performance) at PT Vitra Graha Interia. Data analysis was 

carried out with the help of the SPSS 25 application.  

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

 

Of the 270 questionnaires that have been distributed, as many as 85 questionnaires were returned, 80 

questionnaires were answered completely and could be analyzed, as many as 5 questionnaires were not 



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

131 

 

answered properly, and as many as 185 questionnaires were not returned. With the number of 

questionnaires returned complete and can be analyzed, namely 80 questionnaires, the number of samples 

in this study has met the requirements of the right sample size. Based on Roscoe's opinion in (Sugiyono 

2013), namely the number of samples in research with multivariate analysis (correlation or multiple 

regression), the minimum number of sample members is 10 times the number of variables studied. Where 

in this study there are 6 variables used (5 independent variables and 1 dependent variable), then the 

number of sample members is at least 10 x 6 = 60. 

 

Validity Analysis. The instrument used in this study was declared feasible, as evidenced by the results 

of the following reliability and multicollinearity tests. The results of the validity test on all variables are as 

follows: 

 

Table 2. Validity Test Results 

Variable Indikator 
Correlation coefficient (r 

statistic) 

Education (X1) 

x1-1 0.698 

x1-2 0.786 

x1-3 0.804 

Experience (X2) 

x2-1 0.851 

x2-2 0.827 

x2-3 0.719 

Remuneration (X3) 

x3-1 0.813 

x3-2 0.835 

x3-3 0.466 

x3-4 0.620 

Material (X4) 

x4-1 0.800 

x4-2 0.853 

x4-3 0.847 

x4-4 0.741 

Design (X5) 

x5-1 0.766 

x5-2 0.641 

x5-3 0.808 

x5-4 0.855 

x5-5 0.850 

x5-6 0.793 

x5-7 0.852 

x5-8 0.771 

Project Performance (Y) 

y1-1 0.900 

y1-2 0.874 

y1-3 0.695 

Source : Primer 2021  

 

Based on Table 2 above, it can be seen that all items or indicators of the variables studied, both the 

independent and dependent variables have a correlation coefficient value > 0.3. So it can be concluded that 

all of the instrument items are declared valid. 

 

  



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Reliability analysis. The results of the reliability test on all variables are as follows: 

 

Table 3 Reliability Test Results 

Variable  Alpha Cronbach Result 

Education (X1) 0.611 Reliable 

Experience (X2) 0.698 Reliable 

Remuneration (X3) 0.643 Reliable 

Material (X4) 0.822 Reliable 

Design (X5) 0.913 Reliable 

Project Performance (Y) 0.770 Reliable 

Source : Primer 2021  

 

Based on Table 3 above, it can be seen that all items or indicators of the variables studied, both the 

independent and dependent variables have Cronbach's alpha values > 0.6. It is concluded that all variables 

are declared reliable. 

 

Demographic Characteristics of Respondents. Based on data processing, several profiles of 

respondents were obtained which were presented with several groupings of respondents' characteristics, 

namely based on position/work section, length of work, and last education which can be seen in the 

following table: 

 

Table 4. Respondents Work Section 

Work section Frequency Percentage 

Top Management 16 20.0% 

Staff 3 3.8% 

Div. Production 38 47.5% 

Div. Glass 1 1.3% 

Div. Metal 4 5.0% 

Div. finishing 7 8.8% 

Div. Sofa 9 11.3% 

Div. Fiber and marble 1 1.3% 

Div. Packing 1 1.3% 

Div. Set up  0 0% 

Div. shipment  0 0% 

Total 80 100% 

Source : Primer 2021  

 

Based on the table above, it can be seen that most of the respondents were from the production 

division, namely 38 people or 47.5% of the total respondents. Then in the second place the most 

respondents were from the top management as many as 16 people or 20% of the total respondents. 

Furthermore, in the third place, namely from the sofa division, as many as 9 people or 11.3% of the total 

respondents. In fourth place, namely the finishing division, there were 7 people or 8.8% of the total 

respondents. Then in fifth place are respondents from the metal division 4 people or 5% of the total 

respondents. Then the staff ranks sixth, namely 3 respondents or 3.8% of the total respondents. Then the 

seventh place is the glass division, fiber & marble division, and the packing division with 1 respondent or 

1.3% of the total respondents. Finally, the part where there are no respondents is from the setup division 

and the shipping division. 

 

Table 5. Respondents Length Of Work 

Length of work Frequency Percentage 

1-9 years 34 42.5% 

10-19 years 27 33.8% 

20-29 years 15 18.8% 

≥ 30 years 4 5.0% 

Total 80 100% 

Source : Primer 2021  

 



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

133 

 

Based on the following table, the number of respondents with the most length of work is in the range 

of 1-9 years having worked, namely 34 people or 42.5% of the total respondents. Then in second place the 

most are respondents with 10-19 years of work experience with a total of 27 people or 33.8% of the total 

respondents. Then in the range of 20-29 years of work there are 15 people or 18.8% of the total respondents 

and the group with the least number of respondents is in the range of 30 years with a total of 4 people or 

5% of the total respondents. 

 

Table 6 Respondents Education 

Education Frequency Percentage 

Bachelor degree 8 10% 

Senior High School 64 80% 

Junior High School 8 10% 

Total 80 100% 

Source : Primer 2021  

 

Based on the table, it is known that most respondents have the latest Senior high school education with 

a total of 64 people or 80% of the total respondents. Then the respondents whose last education was 

Bachelor degree and Junior High School had 8 people or 10% of the total respondents. 

 

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the analysis of this study through the multiple 

linear regression method obtained several results. First, the direction of the influence of productivity factors 

(X) on Project Performance (Y) both positively and negatively through Unstandardized Coefficients (B) 

analysis which forms the regression model equation. Second, testing the effect of variable X on variable Y 

partially through t-test with Criteria tvalue > t table, sig < 0.05 and simultaneously through F test with Criteria 

Fvalue > F table, sig < 0.05. Then the third, the large percentage of the contribution of the influence of 

Productivity Factors on project performance through the value of the coefficient of determination. All 

outputs can be seen in the following table: 

 

Table 7 Multiple Linear Regression Results 

Variable Unstandardized Coefficients (B) t statistic Sig 

Constant 2.709 4.060 0.000 

Education (X1) 0.222 2.508 0.014 

Experience (X2) -0.087 -0.012 0.991 

Remuneration (X3) 0.291 3.036 0.003 

Material (X4) -0.239 -0.813 0.418 

Design (X5) 0.117 2.257 0.027 

Fstatistic = 5.329 

Sig     = 0.000 

R2      = 0.215 

Source : Primer 2021  

 

Based on table 7, it is found that the multiple regression model equation is  Y =   2.709 + 0.222X1 – 

0.087X2+ 0.291X3 – 0.239X4 + 0.117X5. The value of Unstandardized Coefficients (B) / regression 

coefficient shows that from the 5 variables studied 3 variables have a positive effect, namely Education, 

remuneration, design; and 2 other variables have a negative effect, namely experience and material. 

Variable The positive value of the regression coefficient means that changes in the X variable will have a 

unidirectional effect on the Y variable. In this case study the increase in project performance by education 

is 22.2%, remuneration is 29.1%, and Design 11.7%. While the variable with a negative value of the 

regression coefficient can be interpreted that changes in the X variable will have the opposite effect on the 

Y variable. In this case study, the decline in project performance by experience is 8.7% and material is 

23.9%. 

Testing the influence of labor productivity factors on project performance simultaneously through the 

F test found that labor productivity has a significant positive effect on project performance, this can be seen 

through the test results, namely the calculated F value > F table (5.329> 0.226) and the significance value 

< 0.05 (0.000< 0.05), it can be concluded that all variables (education (X1), experience (X2), remuneration 

(X3), material (X4), and design (X5)) have a significant positive effect. simultaneously on project 

performance. Then based on the t test, the labor productivity factor that proved to have a significant effect 

on project performance was education with a t statistic value > t table (2.508 > 1.993) and a significance 



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

134 

 

value of < 0.05 (0.014 < 0.05). Remuneration with statistical t value > t table (3,036> 1,993 ) and its 

significance value < 0.05 (0.003 < 0.05). And a design with a static t value > t table (2.257 > 1.993 ) and a 

significance value of < 0.05 (0.027 < 0.05).Then the result of the  coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.189 

or 18.9%, it can be concluded that the value of the dependent variable, namely project performance can be 

explained by the regression equation of 21.5% while the remaining 78.5% is explained by other variables 

outside the model. regression equation in this study.  

Through this research it was found that labor productivity factors can affect performance, in this case 

study these factors are education, remuneration, and design. The results of this study are in line with 

research from Permono (2015) that the formal education of the workforce is an important indicator in the 

placement of workers on a project. In addition, formal education also influences the achievement of project 

quality. The level of knowledge and skills of the workforce is also important for project performance, while 

in the study of Noumeiry and Aqli Mursadin (2017) where the resource factor indicators of the quality and 

skills of the workforce have a high influence on project performance. then, at PT Vitra Graha Interia 

project work is a job that is done manually and relies on the ability of each workforce. Workers are 

required to have high skills in carrying out their work, so every ability must continue to be honed to 

increase knowledge which will increase effectiveness and efficiency in work, in line with research from 

Djukardi and Semiawan (2018) where periodic training has a significant impact on overall project 

performance. The results of a person's work based on his ability can be seen directly in the quality of 

project results. 

Then through this study, it can be, from the number of wages received and the time of receiving the 

wages can have an impact on the workforce, in line with research Hatmoko (2014) where workers who are 

not satisfied with the wages given compared to the workload tend to reduce their productivity which will 

interfere with project work. As a contractor, PT Vitra Graha Interia must always ensure that every product 

is following what the project owner wants, then the limited work time puts pressure on the workforce plus 

wages that are considered not following the workload and payment of wages that are often not following 

the workload. The schedule is one of the causes of the low motivation of the workforce working this is in 

line with research from Rini and Tenriajeng (2014 ) where the lack of motivation in the workforce can have 

an impact on the productivity of the workforce so that it will cause delays in project completion 

 Design factors can affect project performance in this case study, it can be seen in how the company 

conducts business. As a company that produces goods with a custom system that requires a high level of 

art, design drawings of course become important items for the running of the project. at PT Vitra Graha 

Interia, the project will start running if the design drawings have been approved by all parties, the changes, 

approval of the design drawings will affect the project implementation time. Then, incomplete images, 

unclear images even design errors and others of course will affect the results of the product considering that 

the product made will be adjusted to what the customer wants through the design drawing. This is in line 

with the results of research from Ferdian et al. (2018) the design factor shows a very high relationship and 

becomes the dominant factor that affects project quality performance. Then it is also supported by research 

from Kartika, Robial, and Agung (2020) that changes in design will affect project performance and based 

on research Soekiman et al. (2011) where based on the value of the Relative Importance Index (RII) the 

design has a high influence on project performance. 

 

CONCLUSION 

 

At PT Vitra Graha Interia, labor productivity has a significant positive impact on project performance. 

The labor productivity factors tested in this study, namely education, remuneration, and design factors, 

had a significant positive effect on project performance, whereas experience and material factors had no 

significant positive effect. Labor productivity factors, as independent variables, can explain 21.5% of 

project performance as the dependent variable, with the remainder explained by variables outside of this 

study. 

The identification of labor productivity factors can be used by the company as a strategy to improve 

project performance. Companies can effectively create change by paying more attention to labor 

productivity factors that are considered capable of influencing or in this discussion improving project 

performance. Based on the results of this study, companies need to pay attention to the education factor of 

the workforce, ensuring that the workforce has sufficient education and skills that are continuously honed. 

To achieve the desired project performance, the company must also ensure the satisfaction of the 

workforce with the remuneration they receive and at the same time pay attention to the design factors in 

each project activity that has been running well. 

Projects are unique activities and different circumstances in each company can be influenced by 

different productivity factors, so further research is expected to add to the variables tested. Then it can also 

add data and test on other types of respondents and a wider scope of research. 



Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis 4 (2) 2022 

135 

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

 

The author appreciates the Head of HRD and Operations Manager and the entire workforce of PT 

Vitra Graha Interia who have supported and provided a lot of help and information for this research. 

 

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