# bib

id: finefocus-543
author: Bertuzzi, Stefano
title: Diversity/Inclusion in Microbiology and Science Policy
date: 2018
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 913
sentence: 45
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-543.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-543.txt
summary:
  The power of diversity is that it creates better groups, better schools, and ultimately a better society. The trick is to transform conjunctive tasks into disjunctive tasks.


id: finefocus-529
author: Robinson-Hill, Rona
title: Faculty Perspective
date: 2018
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1039
sentence: 39
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-529.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-529.txt
summary:
  The impact of this program hopefully will change the look of STEM eventually, because the partnership between the BSU and UDM students are conscientiously making an effort to make sure their diverse student body has access to authentic research experiences that effect diverse populations. The educational system for historically underserved and marginalized students is currently ineffective, even though their schools are filled with highly qualified predominately white female teachers that are ill prepared to work with the population of students they serve.


id: finefocus-1543
author: Conant, Stephanie
title: ReBUILDetroit and Fine Focus Collaboration to Foster Successful Stem Education Opportunities
date: 2018
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1292
sentence: 34
flesch: 29
cache: cache/finefocus-1543.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1543.txt
summary:
  In addition, UDM students are provided stipend and tuition support and intensive mentor- ing to help them navigate the academic and personal struggles that may come as they progress through their undergraduate educa- tion. Ten of our highly motivated ReBUILDetroit Scholars, Ball State student editors, staff, and faculty from both UDM and Ball State met four times over the course of the Fall 2017 semes- ter for intensive manuscript review sessions and student interview opportunities.


id: finefocus-613
date: 2016
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2486
sentence: 108
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-613.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-613.txt
author:
  Fjölnisdóttir, Birta Líf; Haraldsdóttir, Pálína; Kristinsdóttir, Sigríður; Tronečková, Kristýna; Kristjánsdóttir, Sigþóra Brynja; Fjölnisdóttir, Birta Líf; Kallio, Saara-Maria; Helgadóttir, Helga

title:
  Undergraduate perspectives from the Fine Focus student team, Fall Term 2015, University of Akureyri, Iceland

summary:
  During Fine Focus Autumn 2015, I was mainly responsible for improving the marketing plan to increase the awareness of Fine Focus, especially in Europe, in order to increase the visibility of the journal and thereby the number of submitted undergraduate papers. Copyright 2016, Fine Focus all rights reserved PERSPECTIVE“UNDERGRADUATE PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FINE FOCUS STUDENT TEAM, FALL TERM 2015, UNIVERSITY OF AKUREYRI, ICELAND As an undergraduate science student, I feel like I have the constant urge to expand my knowledge in every possible way.


id: finefocus-603
author: Beilke, Morgan L.; Fritz, Jeffery D.
title: Frequency of Antibiotic Residues in a Central Wisconsin Dairy
date: 2016
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2336
sentence: 147
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-603.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-603.txt
summary:
  Milk suppliers for these samples spanned a 100-mile radius from the dairy plant where milk samples were processed. Antibiotic residue analysis of milk samples in this study Source of Sample Total Samples Number Positive Percent Positive Disposition per Pounds Bulk Milk Pickup Tanker 3,147,302 429 0.014% 17,754,000 Pasteurized Fluid Milk and Milk Products 37,707 0 0.000% 0 Producer 445,223 266 0.060% 240,000 Other 49,953 8 0.016% 99,000 APPLIED/ENVIRONMENTAL • 19 BULK TANK SAMPLES All 264 samples originating from bulk milk samples were those that were deemed fit for bulk tank inclusion by the dairy producer, and thus added to the truckload.


id: finefocus-609
author: Bange, Jill; Brumfield, Emily; Ellison, Alysha L.
title: Recovery and Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus by the Selective Agar
date: 2016
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3348
sentence: 196
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-609.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-609.txt
summary:
  Artificial injury of S. aureus cells was accomplished by treatment with carvacrol, an extract from oil of oregano. Several stressors have the potential to sublethally injure S. aureus cells prior to recovery by the selective agar overlay method.


id: finefocus-601
author: Chikere, Chioma Blaise; Ajuzieogu, Chinyere Augusta; Miller, Michael Chukwugoziem
date: 2016
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2986
sentence: 244
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-601.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-601.txt
title:
  Characterization of Indigenous Bacterial Communities in Crude-Oil Impacted Sites at Obagi Town, Onelga, Rivers State, Nigeria

summary:
  Table 2: Frequency of occurrence of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria genera isolated from oil impacted soil samples. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference at p>0.05 between Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial (HUB) counts, suggesting that most of the bacteria present in the sampled sites were hydrocarbon utilizers.


id: finefocus-561
author: Habegger, Rachel A.; Marshall, Jordan M.
title: Relationships between algal biomass and diversity with stream size and adjacent land use
date: 2014
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3029
sentence: 223
flesch: 61
cache: cache/finefocus-561.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-561.txt
summary:
  While there is minimal change in land cover types in Indiana, those persistent land cover types adjacent to streams may have sustained and continual influence on water quality. Land cover types provided significant multiple regression models for both algal richness and biomass Fig.


id: finefocus-681
author: Trice, Autumn
title: Book Review: Lab Manual – Microbiology: the Laboratory Experience (Steve Keating)
date: 2017
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 977
sentence: 46
flesch: 46
cache: cache/finefocus-681.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-681.txt
summary:
  In Microbiology: The Laboratory Experience, author Steve Keating takes lab manuals where they have not gone before. BOOK REVIEW: LAB MANUAL – “MICROBIOLOGY– THE LABORATORY EXPERIENCE” (STEVE KEATING) W.W. NORTON & COMPANY, ISBN 978-0-393-92364-3 AUTUMN TRICE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT BIOLOGY BALL STATE UNIVERSITY Copyright 2017, Fine Focus.


id: finefocus-535
author: Schomaker, Rachel; Gasper, Brittany
title: Waterfowl Influence on Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Central Florida Freshwater Lakes
date: 2018
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5222
sentence: 357
flesch: 56
cache: cache/finefocus-535.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-535.txt
summary:
  The relationship between E. coli abundance and lake size resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.191, suggesting a slight positive correlation may exist. While this area of research has been examined before, conflicting conclusions have been reached as to whether or not waterfowl abundance positively correlates with coliform bacteria abundance.


id: finefocus-607
author: Lawton II, James K.; Kumar, Renu B.
date: 2016
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4662
sentence: 239
flesch: 57
cache: cache/finefocus-607.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-607.txt
title:
  Characterization of water-types and their influence on the antimicrobial proper-ties of Kombucha ferments against bacteria and yeast

summary:
  Figure 5: Zone-of-inhibition results of EB and CB treatments against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans S. aureus CB S. aureus E. coli CB E. coli C. albicans CB C. albicans (a -c ) Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) results indicated that high cationic (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) content water (well water) resulted in the largest zone of inhibition against S. aureus, with a 12.3% difference when compared to low cationic content water (type- II water).


id: finefocus-571
author: Bange, Jill
title: Undergraduate Research in the Sciences as a Series of Transformative Opportunities
date: 2014
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5524
sentence: 235
flesch: 48
cache: cache/finefocus-571.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-571.txt
summary:
  The contributions which undergraduate research students make to the body of scientific knowledge are rewarding and stimulate further interest and motivation in scientific work. Undergraduate biology lab courses: comparing the impact of traditionally based ‘cookbook’ and authentic research-based courses on student lab experiences.


id: finefocus-1
author: McKillip, John L.
title: Objective Lens
date: 2018
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 608
sentence: 25
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-1.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1.txt
summary:
  This issue reflects the dedication of dozens of students, faculty, and collaborators who have been active in managing Fine Focus, all while developing new partnerships with universities in the US and Europe over the last several months. 9 OBJECTIVE LENS JOHN L. MCKILLIP, PH.D MANAGING EDITOR, FINE FOCUS BALL STATE UNIVERSITY PERSPECTIVE“ OBJECTIVE LENS • Copyright 2018, Fine Focus.


id: finefocus-545
author: Buhay, Sarah; Issa, Ali; Jones, Christina; Matlock, Shelbi; Sesoko, Channing
date: 2018
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1510
sentence: 61
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-545.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-545.txt
title:
  Undergraduate Perspectives from the Fine Focus Student Team, Fall Term 2017, University of Detroit Mercy

summary:
  We ReBUILDetroit students that have collaborated with Fine Focus value diversity within the STEM fields, and we are ecstatic to see the fire for teaching others and diversifying the field ignite with a group organization like Fine Focus. With all the hard work Fine Focus is doing, I hope that we can establish a similar group on our campus who can publish undergraduate research from the Detroit area or even from all parts of the world.


id: finefocus-569
title: Nicotine: Its Stimulating and Inhibitory Effects on Oral Microorganisms
date: 2014
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5604
sentence: 365
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-569.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-569.txt
author:
  DuBois, Aubrey E.; Bennett, Zachary C.; Khalid, Umara; Khalid, Ariba; Meece, Reed A.; Difiore, Gabrielle J.; Gregory, Richard L.

summary:
  DISCUSSION Significant inhibition occurred with all tested organisms in nicotine concentrations of 16 and 32 mg/ml except E. faecalis, providing a MIC of 32 mg/ml for E. faecalis and a MIC of 16 mg/ml for the remaining organisms. It is possible that the MIC exists at nicotine concentrations between 8 and 16 mg/ml but further studies are required to determine the validity of this supposition.


id: finefocus-559
date: 2014
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5519
sentence: 342
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-559.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-559.txt
author:
  Alfaro, Julius Raynard D.; Alcayde, Donn Lorenz Ivan M.; Agbulos, Joel B.; Dagamac, Nikki Heherson A.; dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E.

title:
  The occurrence of myxomycetes from a lowland montane forest and agricultural plantations of Negros Occidental, Western Visayas, Philippines

summary:
  The most note- worthy contribution of this paper relates to the fact that it increases the knowledge about the local ecology of myxomycetes in an ecoregion of the world where investi- gations about myxomycete diversity is still considered to be in its infancy. Myxomycete diversity in the Tarim basin and eastern Tian-Shan, Xinjiang Prov., China.


id: finefocus-597
title: Safe science is good science
date: 2015
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2357
sentence: 132
flesch: 45
cache: cache/finefocus-597.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-597.txt
author:
  Schwartz, Antony; Clarkson, Adam; Baumann, Richard G.; Gentilli, Shruti M.; Potts, Jeffrey; Torres-Cruz, Rafael

summary:
  It is clear that improper adherence to biosafety practices and resulting LAIs could have a devastating impact on the individual. Diligent adherence to biosafety practices and procedures while working in the laboratory will ensure that workers are safe, the community and environment is protected and the progress of vital scientific research is not interrupted.


id: finefocus-591
author: Vasquez-Espinoza, Rosa; Beck, David L.
title: Detection of Borrelia and Ehrlichia in Rhipicephalus sanguineus
date: 2015
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5229
sentence: 385
flesch: 65
cache: cache/finefocus-591.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-591.txt
summary:
  Dantas-Torres, F., Chomel, B. B., & Otranto, D. 2012. Sequencing has confirmed the presence of DNA from Ehrlichia canis and “Candidatus B. lonestari”, corroborating that Borrelia and Ehrlichia are present in domestic dogs in South Texas.


id: finefocus-587
author: Scully, Sean Michael
title: Exploiting an Interdisciplinary Approach Using Undergraduate Research
date: 2016
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6342
sentence: 263
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-587.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-587.txt
summary:
  Two of my professors strongly encouraged me to seek out undergraduate research opportunities and to get involved in education rather than being a passive element in the process of higher education. Fortunately, a diversity of experiences in different types of professional labs as an undergraduate has shaped my interdisciplinary approach towards tackling research problems while giving a diverse skill set with which to take on new problems.


id: finefocus-595
author: Martini, Brooke; Orr, Cody; Webb, Ginny
title: Striking up the conversation: quorum sensing in fungi
date: 2015
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6072
sentence: 451
flesch: 57
cache: cache/finefocus-595.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-595.txt
summary:
  Fungi, along with INTRODUCTION 140 • FINE FOCUS, VOL. 1 (2) FinalJournal.indd 140 9/25/15 11:38 AM REVIEW • 141 other organisms, secrete compounds known as quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) into their environment to communicate with neighboring cells. Communication is accomplished through molecules, known as quorum sensing molecules, which are released into the extracellular environment.


id: finefocus-581
author: Liu, Jun Hong; Guan, Le Luo
date: 2016
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4237
sentence: 271
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-581.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-581.txt
title:
  Application of Molecular Techniques to Better Understand the Roles of Rumen Microbiota in Cattle Feed Efficiency

summary:
  Other than the economic effect, improving feed efficiency can reduce GHG emission, as cattle with higher feed efficiency are reported to produce 20% to 30% less methane than inefficient ones under the same conditions (33). 2 Other than bacteria and rchaea, researchers have also tried to examine the relationship between cattle rumen feed efficiency and fungi or protozoa.


id: finefocus-531
date: 2018
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7111
sentence: 341
flesch: 47
cache: cache/finefocus-531.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-531.txt
author:
  Fjölnisdóttir, Birta Líf; Haraldsdóttir, Pálína; Ingvadóttir, Eva María; Scully, Sean M.; Örlygsson, Jóhann

title:
  Characterization of a 1,2-Propanediol Producing Escherichia Strain Isolated from a Geothermally Heated Intertidal Pool in Northern Iceland

summary:
  Strain CC5C also has various enzyme activities including alkaline and acid phosphatase activity as well as C4 and C8 esterase activity The substrate spectra of CC5C was evaluated using API test panels in parallel with the type strain of E. coli (DSM 30083); results for (Supplementary Table 4). Strain CC5C belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae with greater than 99.1% similarity to Escherichia marmotae and Shigella dysenteriae based upon 16S rRNA gene analysis.


id: finefocus-593
title: Characterization of a mucoid-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
date: 2015
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7388
sentence: 419
flesch: 62
cache: cache/finefocus-593.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-593.txt
author:
  Bauer, Brandon M.; Rogers, Lewis; Macias, Monique; Iacovetti, Gabriella; Woodrow, Alexander M.; Labonte-Wilson, Melissa J.; Tallman, Kathleen G.

summary:
  This indicates that both phenotypes are exhibiting characteristics of biofilm formation; however, the biofilm structure between the two phenotypes remains different as observed by a flatter biofilm structure for non-mucoid biofilms using microscopy. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa biofilms can be classified by their motility patterns and biofilm structure (1, 10, 27).


id: finefocus-589
author: Pearce, Kaitlin M.; Kurtz, Alexandra; Ward, Rebekah J.
date: 2015
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5234
sentence: 330
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-589.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-589.txt
title:
  Rhizofiltration of Lead Contaminated Soil by Helianthus annuus amended with Bacillus megaterium and EDTA

summary:
  Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water: Progresses and perspectives. Pie charts representing the class diversity in the control soil and non-vegetated soil.


id: finefocus-667
author: Kouritzin, Victoria A.; Guan, Leluo
title: The Colonization and Establishment of the Neonatal Mammalian Microbiome
date: 2017
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4883
sentence: 238
flesch: 42
cache: cache/finefocus-667.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-667.txt
summary:
  However, it was determined that future research is needed to investigate the relationship between early life microbiota and calf immune system, behavior, and metabolism (Figure 1). These results have demonstrated the differences in brain function between germ free and colonized mice, suggesting the potential relationship between gut microbiota and animal behavior.


id: finefocus-611
author: Emmert, Elizabeth A.B.
title: Letter
date: 2016
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1020
sentence: 55
flesch: 42
cache: cache/finefocus-611.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-611.txt
summary:
  The article by Schwartz et al. emphasizes the importance of laboratory biosafety through its description of two laboratory accidents with unfortunate and deadly outcomes for the researchers involved who did not practice all aspects of proper biosafety (1). One was the laboratory- associated infections most relevant to undergraduate microbiology students and the other was the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) biosafety guidelines specifically developed for the undergraduate microbiology laboratory (2).


id: finefocus-563
date: 2014
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3380
sentence: 192
flesch: 62
cache: cache/finefocus-563.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-563.txt
author:
  Arena, Christopher M.; Galebach, John L.; Mandichak, Thomas M.; Engle, J. Michael; Anderson, Merrilee G.

title:
  Identification of diatoms in a healthy Pennsylvania stream compared to three downstream sites impacted by Abandoned Mine Drainage

summary:
  At the bridge site (pH 6.68), water quality data was very similar to that of the healthy site; total suspended solids were 9 mg/L, total iron was 1.58 mg/L, aluminum was 70.9 mg/L and sulfate was 1.16 mg/L. At Hughes borehole and settling pond sites extreme amounts of metals were detected. This possibly shows that the genera present, specifically Surirella, can survive in harsh environments at the borehole and settling pond sites but don’t thrive in that environment like at the bridge site where water quality was more suitable for life.


id: finefocus-2077
author: DeWitt, Hannah
title: Objective Lens
date: 2019
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2454
sentence: 123
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-2077.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2077.txt
summary:
  -JLM The Council for Undergraduate Research (CUR) has been supporting undergraduate research initiatives since 1978 and supports over 900 colleges and universities in their endeavors and found that the benefits of undergraduate research are numerous (1). The Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences (SURE) collected data on undergraduate researches and their progress over a 9-month period.


id: finefocus-621
author: Hamm, Ronda L.
title: Become a Spokesperson for Science
date: 2017
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3093
sentence: 157
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-621.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-621.txt
summary:
  I personally find this to be one of the most challenging aspects of science outreach. If you’re still having trouble finding an event, talk to faculty or others doing science outreach and see what suggestions they have to offer.


id: finefocus-675
author: Costlow, Jessica L.; Krow, Erika S.; Steele, J. Jordan
title: Imatinib Mesylate as an Effective Anti-viral Treatment for Alphavirus Infections
date: 2017
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4534
sentence: 291
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-675.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-675.txt
summary:
  BHK cells/well). DISCUSSION IMATINIB MESYLATE • 147 Figure 1: Imatinib inhibition of Sindbis virus and cell viability Flow cytometry analysis of BHK cells infected with dsSINV-GFP at an MOI=1 and treated with dilutions of Imatinib SINV replication (Gray bars) and cell viability (Black line) are shown with increasing concentrations of Imatinib.


id: finefocus-539
author: Evans, M.A.; Spieth, P.T.; Sparks-Thissen, R.L.
date: 2018
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3671
sentence: 248
flesch: 67
cache: cache/finefocus-539.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-539.txt
title:
  The Escherichia coli Inner Membrane Protein YhiM is Necessary for Efficient Attachment of Bacteriophage T4

summary:
  It is also possible that our mutants express abnormal levels of OmpC or LPS, the two receptors involved in T4 attachment on the cell surface. Alternatively, YhiM could be involved in other cell processes that are also necessary for T4 attachment.


id: finefocus-565
author: Willis, Michael G.; Treves, David S.
date: 2014
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4424
sentence: 310
flesch: 61
cache: cache/finefocus-565.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-565.txt
title:
  Isolation and Characterization of Halotolerant 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degrading Bacteria From Sulfidic, Low Salinity Salt Springs

summary:
  The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize 2,4-D degrading bacteria from salt springs at Big Bone Lick State Park in Boone County, KY. The objective of this study was to undertake a culture-based approach to examine 2,4-D degrading bacteria in salt springs at Big Bone Lick State Park.


id: finefocus-533
author: Miller, Ryan K.; Kirkham, Robert M.; Kleinschmit, Adam J.
date: 2018
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7360
sentence: 493
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-533.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-533.txt
title:
  Bioinformatics Analysis of Microbial Abundance and Diversity in Acid Mine Drainage from the Solomon Mine Near Creede, Colorado

summary:
  Thus, in conclusion, the unassigned taxa group is composed to a large degree with Chloroflexi taxa, which dominate AMD sample locations, especially wetland Cell 3. taxa richness and evenness (differential abundance), as a community may have a large number of taxa but be dominated by a few select taxa (37). A single statistically significant OTU (Bonferroni corrected; p=0.034), Acidobacteria-6 iii1-15, which was identified down to the order level, was absent in AMD samples, but present at low levels in the EWC samples.


id: finefocus-541
author: Collins, Crystal; Mosovsky, Kara
date: 2018
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4046
sentence: 202
flesch: 44
cache: cache/finefocus-541.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-541.txt
title:
  Antibiotic Tolerance: Distinguishing between Classical Resistance and Persistence in a Macrophage Infection Model

summary:
  Remaining extracellular bacteria were resuspended slowly and carefully, and transferred to 2 ml tubes, combining two identical wells into 1 tube due to low numbers of remaining bacteria. Figure 1: After 18 hour macrophage infection, remaining extracellular bacteria are still sensitive to high doses of antibiotic.


id: finefocus-1545
author: Picardo, Kristen
title: Faculty Perspective
date: 2018
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 687
sentence: 28
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-1545.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1545.txt
summary:
  When students approach me or when I discuss research projects ongoing in my laboratory, I do two things: 1) get them excited and 2) use language that shows them that my research is accessible, understandable, and not just for senior students. Often times, students seek out a welcoming professor to ask about how they can get involved as a student researcher.


id: finefocus-583
author: Preston, Kathryn E.; Huddlestone, Jennifer
title: Gram-Negative, Oxidase-Positive Bacteria in Rainwater and Wind Samples
date: 2016
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4594
sentence: 345
flesch: 59
cache: cache/finefocus-583.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-583.txt
summary:
  Wind Uncultured Novosphingobium clone SeqSEEZ199 99% Sphingomonas 44/40 0.942 KEP4: Wind Uncultured Novosphingobium clone SeqSEEZ199 99% Uncultured Sphingomonadaceae 0.942 KEP5: Rain Uncultured Pseudomonas 100% Pseudomonas fulva 0.98 KEP6: Rain* Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 89% Pseudomonas CPA30 0.520 KEP7: Rain Pseudomonas MC83 99% Pseudomonas MC83 0.974 KEP8: Rain Massilia varians 97% Naxibacter 6981 0.870 KEP9: Wind Pseudomonas JSM 2215099 100% Pseudomonas fulva 0.997 KEP10: Rain Pseudomonas fulva 100% Pseudomonas 471-1 0.997 KEP11: Rain Pseudomonas 9DLP 99% Pseudomonas PSB1 0.992 KEP12: Rain Paracoccus QUEBA07 99% Uncultured Proteobacterium 0.974 KEP13: Rain Paracoccus ‘Mali 27’ 99% Uncultured Proteobacterium 0.962 KEP14: Wind Novosphingobium clone SeqSEEZ199 99% Sphingomonas 40/40 0.949 KEP15: Wind Pseudomonas putida 99% Pseudomonas putida 0.969 KEP16: Wind Uncultured Novosphingobium clone SeqSEEZ199 99% Uncultured Sphingomonadaceae 0.942 KEP17: Rain Pseudomonas MC83 99% Pseudomonas MC83 0.974 KEP18: Rain Massilia varians 97% Naxibacter 6981 0.870 KEP19: Rain Pseudomonas JSM 2215099 100% Pseudomonas fulva 0.997 KEP20: Rain Pseudomonas fulva 100% Pseudomonas U471-1 0.997 KEP21: Rain Pseudomonas 9DLP 99% Pseudomonas PSB1 0.992 KEP22: Rain Uncultured Pseudomonas 100% Pseudomonas fulva 0.983 KEP23: Rain* Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 89% Pseudomonas CPA30 0.520 KEP24: Rain* Mesorhizobium opportunistum 94% Aurantimonas ureilytica 0.911 KEP25: Rain* Mesorhizobium opportunistum 94% Aurantimonas ureilytica 0.916 KEP26: Rain Agrobacterium H13-3 99% Rhizobium Gls-4 0.972 KEP27: Rain* Pseudomonas syringae 96% Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.876 KEP28: Rain* Pseudomonas syringae 93% Pseudomonas S1(2011b) 0.552 APPLIED & ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY• 98 DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS There are many reasons why Aeromonas may not have been found in the samples: 1) the lack of a proximal lake or stream as an initial source of Aeromonas prevents detection of these types of cells, 2)


id: finefocus-619
author: Quigley, Colleen; Lamichhane-Khadka, Reena
date: 2017
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4883
sentence: 356
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-619.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-619.txt
title:
  Metal Susceptibility of a Hetero-Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate

summary:
  Ho, T. T., Cadena, J., Childs, L. M., Gonzalez-Velez, M., & Lewis, J. S. 2012. Crupper, S. S., Worrell, V., Stewart, G. C., & Iandolo, J. J. 1999.


id: finefocus-585
author: McMullan, Patrick J.; Krzyston, Jakob; Osgood, Robert
date: 2016
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5044
sentence: 297
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-585.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-585.txt
title:
  Bactericidal Effects of Low-Irradiance Low Level Light Therapy on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Vitro

summary:
  Furthermore, it is expected that low-irradiance LLLT will provide a greater bactericidal rate when compared to delivering the same LLLT fluence at a higher-irradiance, because of the fact that visible blue LLLT is dependent upon oxygen supplies for ROS formation. However, it was observed that the optimal wavelength for visible blue LLLT was 405-nm (p < 0.0001)..


id: finefocus-1549
author: Rickman, Olivia J.; Sigurbjörnsdóttir, M. Auður; Vilhemsson, Oddur
title: Xylanolytic Psychotrophs From Andosolic Sedge Fens and Moss Heaths in Iceland
date: 2018
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5889
sentence: 382
flesch: 60
cache: cache/finefocus-1549.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1549.txt
summary:
  Raghothama, S., Simpson, P. J., Szabó, L., Nagy, T., Gilbert, H. J., Williamson, M. P. (2000). 8. de Castro, A. L. M., Vollú, R. E., Peixoto, R. S., Grigorevsi-Lima, A. L., Coelho, R. R. R., Bon, E. P. S., Rosado, A. S., Seldin, L. (2011).


id: finefocus-2087
author: Haradean, John A.; Ralph-Epps, Tyler; Whiteacre, Zach; Neumann, Sarah; Becker, Donna M.
date: 2019
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4603
sentence: 272
flesch: 65
cache: cache/finefocus-2087.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2087.txt
title:
  Mixtures of Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve Growth of Lactuca Sativa and Reduce Levels of Zinc in Contaminated Soil

summary:
  But, plants treated with VAM (T5, T6) in zinc amended soils had similar weekly plant diameters and biomass as the treatment groups that had no zinc present (Fig. 1). Plant tissue grown in zinc amended soil with- out VAM (T4) had very high levels of zinc (952 ppm) (Fig. 4).


id: finefocus-1547
author: Shirali, Akio; Huijsmans, Wilson Minter; Sottocornola, Matteo
date: 2018
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2388
sentence: 128
flesch: 60
cache: cache/finefocus-1547.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1547.txt
title:
  Letter to the Editor: Genetic Editing of Secretory Pathway of Penicillium Chrysogenum After Observation of Increased Secretory Rates in an Increased Stress Environment (Microgravity), a Research Proposal by High School Students in Dubai

summary:
  Why the stationary phase is important for secondary metabolites production? Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced through the modification of primary metabolite synthesis.


id: finefocus-679
author: Stedman, Barbara
title: How To Write a Good Recommendation Letter
date: 2017
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2566
sentence: 106
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-679.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-679.txt
summary:
  In creating this “invitation,” consider what kind of impressions the student has made on other faculty in your department or on other students; you may want to quote one or two of them. In my work as the Director of National and International Scholarships at Ball State University, I see dozens of letters of recommendation each year, the vast majority of them written by faculty.


id: finefocus-605
date: 2016
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6965
sentence: 401
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-605.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-605.txt
author:
  Hansen, Gregory M.; Laird, Tyler S.; Woertz, Erica; Ojala, Daniel; Glanzer, Daralynn; Ring, Kelly; Richart, Sarah M.

title:
  Aspergillus sclerotiorum fungus is lethal to both Western drywood (Incisitermes minor) and Western subterranean (Reticulitermes hesperus)termites

summary:
  The response of I. minor termites to increasing doses of A. sclerotiorum APU strain was determined for 4 different doses (150 mg, 70 mg, 30 mg, and 3 mg) by inoculating n=3 groups containing 25 termites each of differing developmental stages with each dose. A. I. minor termites were placed into groups of 25 and exposed to each mg quantity of fungus (n=3) or 75 mg powdered sugar (n=2).


id: finefocus-3321
date: 2020
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1952
sentence: 139
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-3321.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3321.txt
author:
  Runnebohm, Avery M. ; Evans, Melissa D. ; Richardson, Adam E. ; Turk, Samantha M. ; Olesen, James B. ; Smaldino, Philip J.; Rubenstein, Eric M.

title:
  Loss of protein quality control gene UBR1 sensitizes Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the aminoglycoside hygromycin B

summary:
  Yeast were cultured in yeast extract-peptone- dextrose medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glucose, 0.002% adenine, 2% agar) (5) with the indicated concentrations of hygromycin B (Corning). Zenker, M., Mayerle, J., Lerch, M. M., Tagariello, A., Zerres, K., Durie, P. R., . . .


id: finefocus-617
date: 2017
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7393
sentence: 511
flesch: 62
cache: cache/finefocus-617.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-617.txt
author:
  Morgan, Stephanie; Thomas, Matthew J.; Walstrom, Katherine M.; Warrick, Eric C.; Gasper, Brittany J.

title:
  Characterization of prodiginine compounds produced by a Vibrio species isolated from salt flat sediment along the Florida Gulf Coast

summary:
  Lee J. S., Kim Y-S., Park S., Kim J., Kang S-J., Lee M. H., Ryu S., Choi J. M., Oh T. K., and Yoon J. J. 2011. The table shows the AAI of MI-2 putative prodigiosin biosynthetic gene cluster homologs compared to known prodiginine biosynthetic proteins from S. marcescens ATCC 274, H. chejuensis KCTC 2396, and S. coelicor A3(2).


id: finefocus-1541
author: McKillip, John L.
title: Objective Lens
date: 2018
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 558
sentence: 19
flesch: 34
cache: cache/finefocus-1541.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1541.txt
summary:
  In addition to UDM, we have initiated CAP arrangements for two interna- tional universities: the Technical University of Dresden (Germany), and the University of Akureyri (Iceland). Although the frequency and specific format for CAP meetings and activities will vary slightly at each institution, the activities could include: • Cultivate new ideas on how Fine Focus might work with the American Society for Microbiology (ASM, our existing primary community partner) to promote diversity and inclusion in the sciences •


id: finefocus-2089
author: Fluhler, Hannah
title: The Art of the Sciences Through the Lens of Undergraduate Research
date: 2019
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2627
sentence: 77
flesch: 54
cache: cache/finefocus-2089.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2089.txt
summary:
  Needless to say, though I am truly just begin- ning the process of completing undergraduate research, and in a completely different light than microbiology, I have failed more than I have succeeded and am grateful for the opportunity to pass along what little knowledge I have gained from the hurdles along the way. I would love to thank Kelsey Davis for asking me to write this perspective piece and Professor John McKillip for fostering my first spurs of interest in undergraduate research during my time in Fine Focus.


id: finefocus-671
author: Kwok, Annie; Davis, Michael C.; Kang, Sanghoon
title: Antibiotic resistant bacteria in an urban freshwater ecosystem in central Texas
date: 2017
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6120
sentence: 335
flesch: 48
cache: cache/finefocus-671.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-671.txt
summary:
  For example, increasing occurrences of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems elevates the risk of pathogenic microbes acquiring those resistance genes. Call of the wild: antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments.


id: finefocus-3318
author: Lal , Archana; Cheeptham, Naowarat
date: 2020
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6476
sentence: 300
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-3318.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3318.txt
title:
  Factors Affecting Learning Gains among Students in Microbiology Class: A Preliminary Study Between a U.S. Community College and a Canadian Comprehensive University

summary:
  Using test of equality of means, the figure show that hours devoted to learning outside the class and willingness for active class participation were statistically significantly higher amongst USCC students relative to CU students. However, performance of USCC students was statistically significantly lower in only 2 out of 4 post-tests (cell structure and microbial growth) relative to CU students.


id: finefocus-567
title: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus protects Caenorhabditis elegans from bacterial pathogens
date: 2014
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4937
sentence: 323
flesch: 63
cache: cache/finefocus-567.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-567.txt
author:
  Emmert, Elizabeth A. B.; Haupt, Zachary M.; Pflaum, Katherine M.; Lasbury, Jennifer L.; McGrath, Justin P.; Collins, Allison E.; Briand, Christopher H.

summary:
  E. coli HB101 was used as the non- pathogenic control in the biocontrol assays since our early work in this system used B. bacteriovorus 109J, which does not infect E. coli OP50, but does infect E. coli HB101. Worm survival on E. coli HB101 was not significantly different from worm survival on E. coli OP50 (p=0.5482).


id: finefocus-3316
author: McKillip, John
date: 2020
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1012
sentence: 28
flesch: 26
cache: cache/finefocus-3316.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3316.txt
title:
  Addressing the global antibiotic resistance crisis through a microbiology undergraduate course-based research experience (CURE)

summary:
  Transforming the undergraduate microbiology curriculum in this way is completely new teaching and research direction for the PI, and will blend pedagogy and original research into an entirely different direction than at present. 6 | Fine Focus Objective Lens Addressing the global antibiotic resistance crisis through a microbiology undergraduate course-based research experi- ence (CURE) Dr. John McKillip Lead Editor and Professor of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN Volume Six | 7 Fine Focus has, since our first issue back in 2014, showcased undergraduate research efforts globally.


id: finefocus-537
author: Page, Kathleen A.; Flannery, Meghan K.
title: Chytrid Fungi Associated with Pollen Decomposition in Crater Lake, Oregon
date: 2018
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5733
sentence: 363
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-537.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-537.txt
summary:
  We hypothesize that Crater Lake pollen is subject to colonization and decomposition 87APPLIED & ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY • MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample collection and processing: A Crater Lake research and sample collection permit number CRLA-2016-SCI-0005 was obtained from the National Park Service. Phase contrast micrograph of Crater Lake pollen with attached fungal spo- rangia and bacteria.


id: finefocus-3506
author: Kalnina, Liga Astra; Guzelak, Stephanie; Herman, Maryann
title: Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Collegiate Runners
date: 2021
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3878
sentence: 230
flesch: 52
cache: cache/finefocus-3506.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3506.txt
summary:
  Inconsistencies about species identification and recognition exist in the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex due to significant genetic variability and need for further research on differences among species (2,26,30). Macroconidia, typical of Fusarium species, are highlighted with arrows in microscopic morphology of isolates 4R and 13L in Table 2.


id: finefocus-3759
author: Edionwe, Airhenvbahihea; Campaniello, Sammie
title: Undergraduate Student Perspective: Undergraduate research student interview
date: 2021
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 984
sentence: 46
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-3759.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3759.txt
summary:
  Title: Bacteriophage control of Salmonella enterica in artificially contaminated 1%, pasteurized milk The genus Salmonella is made up of over 2,500 serovars between two species: Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. We also expect that the bacteriophage will have a higher affinity to the S1 (unknown Salmonella species we isolated from the farm) bacteria than it does to the lab grown Salmonella enterica .


id: finefocus-3215
date: 2021
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7683
sentence: 567
flesch: 62
cache: cache/finefocus-3215.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3215.txt
author:
  Brenneman, Breanna R.; Adamson, Kyla L. ; Beer, Matthew R. ; Ho, Yenling ; Gracias, Kiev S.; Priest, Chelsea M.; Biernbaum, Erika N.; McKillip, John L.

title:
  Real-time Screening of Foods Using Repetitive Element PCR Reveals a DNA Marker Characteristic for Enterotoxigenic Bacillus Species

summary:
  The B. thuringiensis and B. cereus sample results were expected and confirm earlier work indicating that both are pathogenic (33, 39, 48). The B. cereus group includes B. cereus, B. mycoides, B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis, and B. weihenstephanensis.


id: finefocus-3322
author: Barral, Ana Maria ; Stenson, Ben
title: Enrichment of Microbes Potentially Degrading Polyethylene Using a Microcosm Approach
date: 2020
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4877
sentence: 355
flesch: 57
cache: cache/finefocus-3322.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3322.txt
summary:
  We used PE previously exposed to ocean water as microbial source, and UV-irradiated PE as the sole carbon source in the growth medium. For microbial source, PE that had been previously exposed to ocean water (either in the field or in a laboratory setting, see section below) was added to a synthetic medium containing no carbon.


id: finefocus-2793
author: Kuldell, James C.; Luknauth, Harshani; Ricigliano, Anthony E.; Rigel, Nathan W.
title: Biogenesis of Lipoproteins in Gram-Negative Bacteria: 50 Years of Progress
date: 2021
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7274
sentence: 546
flesch: 54
cache: cache/finefocus-2793.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2793.txt
summary:
  A novel periplasmic carrier protein involved in the sorting and transport of Escherichia coli lipoproteins destined for the outer membrane. Outer membrane lipoproteins have vital functions including aiding in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) insertion in the OM and forming secretion systems (8, 9).


id: finefocus-599
author: Cheeptham, Naowarat (Ann)
date: 2015
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4300
sentence: 186
flesch: 59
cache: cache/finefocus-599.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-599.txt
title:
  Come Dine With Microbes: Where Microbiology, Food, and Culture Meet Community Outreach and Student Engagement

summary:
  At the dinner, we arranged a non-traditional buffet style by having food stations (for each chosen fermented food) and having TRU microbiology students and NorKam students man each station (Fig. 5). Demonstration of bacteria cultured on the plates from swabs that NorKam students did; c)


id: finefocus-3317
author: Roossien, Douglas H.
title: The benefits of mentoring undergraduate research students
date: 2020
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1052
sentence: 58
flesch: 61
cache: cache/finefocus-3317.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3317.txt
summary:
  Volume Six | 9 Faculty Perspective The benefits of mentoring undergraduate research students Douglas H. Roossien, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Biology, Ball State University 10 | Fine Focus Science or history? Thankfully this misconception was shattered through a stint in undergraduate research.


id: finefocus-683
author: Imbery, Jacob; Upton, Chris
title: Organization of the multigene families of African Swine Fever Virus
date: 2017
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4023
sentence: 269
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-683.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-683.txt
summary:
  Interestingly, although these viruses are all denoted as ASFV strains, there is significant divergence between them. ABSTRACT CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Chris Upton * Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada KEYWORDS • African swine fever virus • Multigene family • Annotation • Bioinformatics • Genomics African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a large dsDNA virus in the family Asfarviridae; 23 genotypes have been characterized by sequencing of the p72 gene (1, 12, 13).


id: finefocus-3319
date: 2020
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6340
sentence: 593
flesch: 63
cache: cache/finefocus-3319.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3319.txt
author:
  Warrick, Eric C. ; Thomas, Matthew J.; Barlow, Travis; Dean, Alexis; Ramos, Ambar; Slivonik, Brian; Gasper, Brittany J.

title:
  Genetic classification of two Vibrio species isolated from Florida Gulf Coast using multi-locus sequence analysis

summary:
  There was general agreement between the clustering of organisms in this MLSA and the clade designations from Sawabe et al., 2013 with the exception of the Nereis and Orientalis clades. More clade designation suggestions regarding the Vibrio organisms not included in the MLSA of Sawabe et al., 2013 can be made.


id: finefocus-615
date: 2017
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10505
sentence: 554
flesch: 62
cache: cache/finefocus-615.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-615.txt
author:
  Wei, Lei; Rubenstein, Rebecca J.; Hanlon, Kathleen M.; Wade, Heidi; Peterson, Celeste N.; Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja

title:
  Cutting wedge: bacterial community diversity and structure associated with the cheese rind and curd of seven natural rind cheeses

summary:
  To better understand the differences in community structure and function between communities of cheese rinds and curds, we combined culture-based methods with culture-independent community profiling of curds and rinds. This inconsistency may be attributed to the overall lower taxonomical diversity in the curd communities and that the community samples collected for metabolic analysis were mainly derived from cheese rinds, contributing higher diversity.


id: finefocus-1551
author: Postich, Cody A.; Kiser, Kevin B.
date: 2018
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4864
sentence: 238
flesch: 49
cache: cache/finefocus-1551.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1551.txt
title:
  Characterization of Antibioticproducing Bacterium Isolated From Anthill Sediment With Activity Against ESKAPE Pathogens 

summary:
  23.0 mg of isolate A2 extract was suspended in 5.0 mL of 20% methanol, then was pipetted onto the column. Dried extracts of isolate A2 were resuspended in 1.0 mL of 100% MeOH, then 30-40 µL of the mixture was pipetted onto sterile filter disks (Whatman #3, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Marlborough, MA) in 10 µL increments (10).


id: finefocus-669
author: Lindsey, Maedgen Q.; Huddleston, Jennifer R.
title: Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria from Inland Petroleum- Producing Wells
date: 2017
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3993
sentence: 267
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-669.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-669.txt
summary:
  Microbial life at high salt concentrations: phylogenetic and metabolic diversity. In conclusion, organisms that are phylogenetically similar to marine microorganisms are present in oil well environments, and have variable salt tolerances, which may prove useful in microbial- mediated hydrocarbon bioremediation of high salinity environments.


id: finefocus-1555
author: Wagner, Ellen
title: Undergraduate Perspective: the Benefits of Performing Undergraduate Research
date: 2018
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1685
sentence: 73
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-1555.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1555.txt
summary:
  While it is important for undergraduates to learn research techniques, the most important aspect of research an undergraduate student can learn is how to critically think about scientific questions. It provided me the exposure I needed to understand how research labs work, and it taught me the fundamental skill of thinking critically when approaching a research question.


id: finefocus-3324
author: Jeong, Naari
title: A Pre-Med Graduate’s Gap Year of Community Immersion: Finding a Greater Purpose
date: 2020
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1999
sentence: 91
flesch: 65
cache: cache/finefocus-3324.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3324.txt
summary:
  In this national Americorps-sponsored program, thousands of volunteers are placed in high-need public schools across the country to serve as near- peer mentors for students in elementary, middle, and high schools. After going through the team announcements for the day, we go outside to greet students to get them excited for the school day.


id: finefocus-3761
author: McKillip, John L.
title: Objective Lens: Double-Blind Peer Review
date: 2021
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 734
sentence: 34
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-3761.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3761.txt
summary:
  Double- blind peer review is a good way to ensure that they stay honest and maintain confidence in our system by the submitting authors and editorial staff. Etkin and colleagues (2017) have reported that for one well- known academic journal publisher, 95 percent of physical science and health science journals operate single- blind peer review while 72 percent of life sciences journals are single blind.


id: finefocus-677
author: Baskfield, Amanda
title: Undergraduate Perspective: The Student Grant Application Process
date: 2017
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4140
sentence: 186
flesch: 52
cache: cache/finefocus-677.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-677.txt
summary:
  Other grants available to student researchers include the Ball State Chapter of Sigma Xi (local), the Indiana Academy of Science Senior Research Grant SUMMATION PROCESS ANALYSIS STATEMENT THE GRANT APPLICATION PROCESS (state), or the Sigma Xi Grant-In-Aid Grant (national), and the Federal Pell Grant, which needs to be applied for in conjunction with the primary investigator. Other grants, such as the Indiana Academy of Science Grant, allows up to $2500 to be requested by applicants.


id: finefocus-2081
title: How CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing is Affecting Undergraduate Biology Education
date: 2019
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4904
sentence: 360
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-2081.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2081.txt
author:
  Pickerill, Ethan S.; Embree, Caleb M.; Evans, Ben A.; North, Elena R.; Mager, Gennifer M.; Bernstein, Douglas A.

summary:
  How CRISPR is being applied to undergraduate education CRISPR mediated genome editing becomes widespread The groundbreaking realization that CRISPR genome editing was broadly applicable has since lead to the development of CRISPR systems in numerous organisms. A Candida albicans CRISPR system permits genetic engineering of essential genes and gene families.


id: finefocus-673
author: Scott, Helen G.; Wakeman, Catherine A.
date: 2017
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3844
sentence: 209
flesch: 54
cache: cache/finefocus-673.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-673.txt
title:
  Predictions of Future Geographical Distribution of Two Vectors of American Trypanosomiasis: Implications for Endemic Chagas disease in Texas, USA

summary:
  Changes in temperature and rainfall, as we are currently seeing in anthropogenic climate change, may affect the distribution and abundance of disease vectors (9). A global public database of disease vector and reservoir distributions.


id: finefocus-3320
author: Brock, Orion D. ; Larson, Jennifer R.
date: 2020
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5103
sentence: 428
flesch: 54
cache: cache/finefocus-3320.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3320.txt
title:
  The prevalence and identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria in adjacent ecological systems in the Hocking Hills region of Appalachia

summary:
  Antibiotic resistance genes in the bacteriophage DNA fraction of environmental samples. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial markers in a tropical river receiving hospital and urban wastewaters.


id: finefocus-2083
title: TatC2 is Important for Growth of Acinetobacter baylyi Under Stress Conditions
date: 2019
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5230
sentence: 413
flesch: 64
cache: cache/finefocus-2083.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2083.txt
author:
  Langro, Justin M.; Chamberland, Megan M.; Gwin, Celena M.; Prakash, Natalia; Velez, Danielle T.; Rigel, Nathan W.

summary:
  We believe that biochemical methods will be needed to identify the full suite of Tat proteins in A. baylyi. Role of the Escherichia coli Tat pathway in outer membrane integrity.


id: finefocus-3875
author: Ambrose, Olivia Mae; Nguyen, Tiffany Thanh Mai; Nowicki, Emily M.
title: Antibacterial Effects of Bitter Melon Extract in Combination With Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics
date: 2022
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5710
sentence: 304
flesch: 39
cache: cache/finefocus-3875.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3875.txt
summary:
  We hypothesized that combining the antibiotics with bitter melon extract would result in increased antibacterial effects against one or more bacterial strains. We found that bitter melon extract individually had little to no antibacterial effect against any of the organisms tested.


id: finefocus-2079
author: Salk, Kateri R.; Tomaswick, LeighAnn; Rober, Allison R.
title: Peer Mentoring: the Missing Piece in Graduate Professional Development
date: 2019
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2622
sentence: 135
flesch: 47
cache: cache/finefocus-2079.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2079.txt
summary:
  Using evidence from experience as peer mentors (2011-2017), we examine established characteristics of peer mentoring and evaluate their strengths in the context of a future faculty professional development program. Peer mentors coached mentees by sharing common experiences related to teaching and learning, provided a safe space for mentees to discuss their experiences, and acted as a liaison between mentees and faculty advisors.


id: finefocus-3508
author: Heger, Parker; Russell, Andrew
title: Nylon Oxygen Barrier Tubing Reduces Biofouling in Beer Draught Lines
date: 2021
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3912
sentence: 248
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-3508.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3508.txt
summary:
  In light of this financial burden, draught tubing composition was examined for its role in the prevention of biofouling in beer lines. Fluorescence Microscopy One foot of tubing was taken from each type of beer line and three 12.5mm samples were cut from each foot-long segment.


id: finefocus-4003
author: Pittsley, Rachel
title: Undergraduate Student Perspective: Bacteriophage: An Underutilized Bacterial Combatant
date: 2022
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2068
sentence: 143
flesch: 60
cache: cache/finefocus-4003.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4003.txt
summary:
  Phage with a wide host range can be used to combat multiple bacterial infections, while phage who are selective to a certain bacterial host can be used against one particular infection. The length of the phage tail varies among phage types as some have no tail, some possess a short tail, and others have a tail twice the length of the capsid head.


id: finefocus-5824
author: McKillip, John
title: Objective Lens: Insect antimicrobial peptides as a promising source for antibiotic “substitutes”
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1001
sentence: 69
flesch: 38
cache: cache/finefocus-5824.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-5824.txt
summary:
  Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928 was met with his own prediction that bacterial resistance to this “miracle drug” would soon be documented (3,4). In the 70+ years since penicillin was introduced, overuse and misuse of antibiotics have contributed to the problem of MDR bacterial infections, as has the widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture for prophylaxis and growth promotion (8).


id: finefocus-1553
title: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bacillus spp., with Emphasis on the Dairy Industry
date: 2018
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8995
sentence: 605
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-1553.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-1553.txt
author:
  Grutsch, Alyssa A.; Nimmer, Pierre S.; Pittsley, Rachel H.; Kornilow, Katherine G.; McKillip, John L.

summary:
  B. cereus and other closely-related species produce several types of exotoxins, including at least four hemolysins, three phospholipases, a heat/acid stable emetic toxin called cereulide, and three well-studied heat-labile enterotoxins that all cause gastroenteritis following ingestion. While a great deal of information on virulence gene presence and expression is known in B. cereus, very little has been done to explore the virulence potential of thermoduric spore-formers that may be found in ultrahigh temperature (UHT) pasteurized milk, and their ability to produce biofilms.


id: finefocus-4311
author: Dery, Hanna; Holland, Chase; Baker, Jessica
title: Embracing Ignorance and Failure Promotes Research Excellence
date: 2023
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2743
sentence: 145
flesch: 64
cache: cache/finefocus-4311.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4311.txt
summary:
  Undergraduate research is a rare opportunity to do research without the expectations and burdens of graduate school. In contrast, good research expands and works at the boundary of the known and unknown.


id: finefocus-5781
author: Smith, Abigail; Madison Wheeler
title: Stepping into the Unknown: A Graduate’s Guide to the Real World
date: 2025
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4117
sentence: 163
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-5781.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-5781.txt
summary:
  Author Smith: As graduation grew nearer and the daunting task of applying to jobs and enter- ing the workforce became more than a distant thought, I sought advice from those around me who had been through the process. Initially, I was overwhelmed by the sheer volume of job listings requiring a PhD or 10+ years of experience.


id: finefocus-5541
author: Ebrahimbabie, Parisa
title: Parisa Ebrahimbabaie’s Academic Sojourn at Bethune-Cookman University: Unraveling the Complexities
date: 2024
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 786
sentence: 36
flesch: 13
cache: cache/finefocus-5541.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-5541.txt
summary:
  As she continues navigating this intricate journey, her story stands as a testament to the resilience and adaptability required to thrive in the dynamic and diverse academic environments shaping the modern educational landscape. This adaptive resilience characterizes her approach to academic research within the distinctive institutional context.


id: finefocus-4318
author: Williams, Sarah
date: 2023
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1814
sentence: 83
flesch: 57
cache: cache/finefocus-4318.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4318.txt
title:
  Utilizing your Academic Advisor to Maximize your Opportunities and Success as an Undergraduate STEM Student

summary:
  Since becoming an academic advisor six years ago, I’ve thought about this question a lot, and now it defines how I approach my job working with undergraduate biology students each day. This is a huge step forward for student success in college.


id: finefocus-3323
author: Kutlesic, Nemanja R. ; Milosavljevic, Dimitrije
title: Opinions and attitudes of Serbian high school students regarding usage of antibiotics
date: 2020
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6589
sentence: 432
flesch: 56
cache: cache/finefocus-3323.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3323.txt
summary:
  These worrying data related to antibiotics usage have been the motivation for the conduction of this research, which has encompassed a sample of 130 students of different age groups within a Serbian high school located in the country’s third-largest city that features a specialized clinical center [38]. The study’s main objective was to examine the overall knowledge, beliefs and habits of Serbian high school students from the sample regarding antibiotics usage.


id: finefocus-4004
author: McKillip, John L.
title: Objective Lens
date: 2022
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 304
sentence: 8
flesch: 34
cache: cache/finefocus-4004.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4004.txt
summary:
  Since our inception in 2013, Fine Focus is managed as an “immersive learning” course at BSU – that is, a product- based course with the following unique attributes: • A project offered to undergraduate students for academic credit • Is conducted under the guidance of a faculty mentor • Fills a need or solves a problem for a community partner • Results in a specific outcome or deliverable • Is conducted by a team or teams of undergraduate students (in classes of 10 or more) working collaboratively These faculty-led, student-driven team model puts the students at the helm of day-to-day decision making (1). Fine Focus 6 I Fine Focus Objective Lens John L. McKillip, Managing Editor, Fine Focus Professor, Microbiology, Ball State University Vol 8 I 7 Fine Focus was not only the first international journal for undergraduate microbiology research, but also the Ball State University Chapter of the American Society for Microbiology (BSUASM) – that is, a campus recognized student organization, and an honor’s course at BSU.


id: finefocus-3634
author: Saha, Kreesha; Gedney, Clark
title: The Impact of PETase’s Active Site Disulfide Bond on PET Biodegradation
date: 2022
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6046
sentence: 309
flesch: 60
cache: cache/finefocus-3634.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3634.txt
summary:
  When compared with PET degradation activity of all reported enzymes, PETase demonstrated the best performance (Table 1). Protein concentrations of A1 PETase in the absence and presence of PMSF are 31.57 ± 3.09 μg/mL and 37.52 ±2.


id: finefocus-4316
author: Pearson, Chelsea; Gawel, Rochelle; Maki, Donna
date: 2023
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6382
sentence: 306
flesch: 53
cache: cache/finefocus-4316.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4316.txt
title:
  Effects of Vermicompost and Beneficial Microbes on Biomass and Nutrient Density in Purple Lady Bok Choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in A Vertical Hydroponic Grow Tower System

summary:
  Overall, research results indicate there may be no “one size fits all” when it comes to the implementation of amendments to hydroponic systems to reach the goals of improvements in plant biomass and nutrient profiles. There are two fundamental systems for growing plants: in soil and soilless media.


id: finefocus-4672
author: Datta, Neelabh
title: JN.1: A New Threat to Global Health
date: 2025
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3084
sentence: 137
flesch: 56
cache: cache/finefocus-4672.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4672.txt
summary:
  More mutations and deletions and less protection to COVAXIN and COVISHILD vaccines were shown by spike protein of JN.1 along with more resis- tance to antibody of previously coronavirus-in- fected individual (6). Abstract A new coronavirus variation known as JN.1 first appeared in Luxembourg in August 2023 and has since spread to a number of nations.


id: finefocus-5274
title: Analyzing selected FDA approved drugs for effects on template switch mutagenesis in E. coli
date: 2025
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4080
sentence: 239
flesch: 48
cache: cache/finefocus-5274.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-5274.txt
author:
  Swain, April; Colburn, Emily; De Andrade, Kamila; Rosales, Pamela; Addorisio, Sydney; Stuart, Taylor; Galvao, Angelina; Hubisz, Leigha; Ouellette, Margaret; Hamssa, Rana; Laranjo, Laura; Pina, Cara

summary:
  Further studies examining the interaction between the dexameth- asone-glucocorticoid receptor complex, and DNA have suggested the potential for dexamethasone to behave as an intercalating agent (18), giving it the potential to cause template switch mutations. | Analyzing selected FDA approved drugs for effects on template switch mutagenesis in E. coli 13 Introduction DNA mutations, changes that occur during DNA replication, can induce genetic instability.


id: finefocus-5934
author: Paxton, Kaikeyi
title: A Universal Tongue?
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1156
sentence: 78
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-5934.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-5934.txt
summary:
  English Language-Old English, Middle English, Modern English. It is true that it is convenient to have some kind of common spoken language in case of travel, but does it make sense?


id: finefocus-3760
author: Yi, Irene
title: Undergraduate Student Perspective
date: 2021
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3032
sentence: 104
flesch: 54
cache: cache/finefocus-3760.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3760.txt
summary:
  For example, I’ve done a handful of research projects where I realized quickly that certain ways of gathering data and analyzing it wasn’t anything I would want to do in the future. I decided to pick a topic and a few methodologies that I would never get tired of (after having experiences that I learned from on research projects where I would get tired of a certain method or not enjoy the methods to begin with), and it made all the difference.


id: finefocus-4211
author: Little, William; Lopez, Andrea; Carris, Eleanna; Smith, Allie
title: Polymicrobial Conditions Aﬀect Antibiotic Susceptibility in Clinically Relevant Bacterial Species
date: 2024
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5722
sentence: 321
flesch: 39
cache: cache/finefocus-4211.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4211.txt
summary:
  Resulting in thousands of amputations per year and billions of dollars spent globally in treatment, chronic wounds are notoriously difficult to successfully treat. Two hallmarks of chronic wounds are that they are thought to harbor biofilm-associated bacteria and tend to be polymicrobial.


id: finefocus-3492
author: Evans, Jadon; Jones, Aaron; Blumenthal, Elliott; Soule, Tanya
date: 2021
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3437
sentence: 186
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-3492.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3492.txt
title:
  Anti-proliferation of Melanoma Cells and Immune Stimulation by the Cyanobacterial Indole-alkaloid Scytonemin

summary:
  The results of this study support that scytonemin inhibits melanoma cell proliferation and enhances the immune response via spleen cell proliferation. Scytonemin inhibits cell proliferation and arrests cell cycle through downregulating Plk1 activity in multiple myeloma cells.


id: finefocus-4860
author: McKillip, John
title: Objective Lens: Cora Wilson as a pioneer in education in rural Kentucky & beyond
date: 2024
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 764
sentence: 32
flesch: 51
cache: cache/finefocus-4860.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4860.txt
summary:
  Objective Lens: Cora Wilson as a pioneer in education in rural Kentucky & beyond John L. McKillip, Fine Focus Managing Editor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Objective Lens: Cora Wilson as a pioneer in education in rural Kentucky & beyond 3 Figure 1 Cora Stewart Wilson (1875-1958) in a photograph from January 1916, from Press Reference Book of Prominent Ken- tuckians, 1916, p. 224 (royalty-free im- age). During the first 30 years of the 20th Century, many scholars agree that Cora Wilson Stewart was the most widely known authority of adult literacy in the world.


id: finefocus-4315
author: McKillip, John
title: Objective Lens
date: 2023
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1695
sentence: 113
flesch: 40
cache: cache/finefocus-4315.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4315.txt
summary:
  This approach solves the core problem facing antibiotic drug development: the pressing need for innovative drugs that don’t have high sales potential in the private drug market. Traditionally, pharmaceutical profit margins are typically tied to how much of a drug is sold; however, PASTEUR contracts would instead pay for new antibiotics based on their exceptional value to public health.


id: finefocus-2085
author: Cole, Sarah E.; Gasper, Brittany J.
title: The Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus on Hospital Privacy Curtains
date: 2019
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5088
sentence: 337
flesch: 60
cache: cache/finefocus-2085.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-2085.txt
summary:
  Staphylococci on hospital curtains • 53 The persistence of staphylococcus aureus on hospital privacy curtains. Despite the possi- bility of hospital curtains being a mode of infection transmission, studies have shown that 53% of hospitals surveyed did not have a policy for cleaning or changing their curtains.


id: finefocus-3325
author: Popson, Devon
title: STEMinists: An Exploration of the Impact of Female Educators in STEM Fields
date: 2020
pages: 27
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13054
sentence: 629
flesch: 56
cache: cache/finefocus-3325.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3325.txt
summary:
  For now, the wheels of progress for the inclusion of women in STEM education fields are slowly turning. The Historical Role of Women in STEM The first step in addressing the lack of women in STEM fields today is to look at past interactions.


id: finefocus-4235
date: 2024
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5696
sentence: 265
flesch: 47
cache: cache/finefocus-4235.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4235.txt
author:
  Miller, Grace; Necessary, Kaley; Burchell, Robert; Iwase, Yui; Lautensack, Nicole; Russell, Blake; Holder, Erik; Knee, Emma; Sattley, Matthew

title:
  Positive effects of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala seed and leaf extracts against selected bacteria

summary:
  For preparation of Moringa seed extracts, 3 g of the powdered seed were combined with 15 ml of warm (60 °C) ddH2O and mixed by hand for 5 minutes using a glass rod. Antibacterial Activity of Moringa Leaf Extracts In addition to testing the antibacterial activity of Moringa seed extracts, we also collected and tested the potential for bacterial growth inhibi- tion using both aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts.


id: finefocus-4313
author: Hernandez, Julissa; Ugochukwu, Anieto
date: 2023
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3748
sentence: 157
flesch: 43
cache: cache/finefocus-4313.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4313.txt
title:
  Preliminary Studies on a Novel Antimicrobial Compound Producing Bacterium Discovered in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

summary:
  Abstract We analyzed different soil samples collected across the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of Texas for bacteria capable of producing antimicrobial compounds. In addition to antimicrobial compounds derived from bacteria, a few studies have reported the use of other chemical compounds in our fight against multi-drug resistant bacteria, notably Behroozian et al.


id: finefocus-4513
author: Marble, Lillia; McKillip, John
title: Daily Case Trends of COVID-19: A Comparative Analysis of Indiana and Washington State
date: 2024
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6005
sentence: 368
flesch: 48
cache: cache/finefocus-4513.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4513.txt
summary:
  During the peak of the Omicron wave, Washington state also increased access to testing due to the increased incidence and prevalence of cases, which ultimately led to higher reported cases during the wave and throughout the rest of 2022; Indiana presum- ably had similar case levels but due to lack of Fine Focus | Volume 1052 testing accessibility, cases undoubtedly went untested, and therefore, unreported to the state. Furthermore, Washington’s response to the pandemic included an 93% increase in state public health spending per person from 2019 to 2021 ($46/person and $89/person, respectively), while Indiana’s state public health spending remained stagnant at $15 per person from 2019 to 2021 (30).


id: finefocus-3661
title: Oxidative Stress Response in Bacteria: A Review
date: 2022
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4934
sentence: 363
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-3661.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3661.txt
author:
  Sydney Rose Addorisio; Shteynberg, Rebecca; Dasilva, Matheus; Mixon, Jacob; Mucciarone, Kyla; Vu, Lily; Arsenault, Kristina; Briand, Vanessa; Parker, Sarah; Smith, Savannah; Vise, Claudia; Pina, Cara; Laranjo, Laura

summary:
  The presence of ROS and oxidative stress in bacteria is connected to the evolution of microbes in an aerobic environment millions of years ago [25]. Oxidative stress is created by the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the production of ROS and can be driven by numerous endogenous and exogenous factors


id: finefocus-4312
author: Edamkue, Israel; Chikere, Chioma; Okafo, Chidinma
title: Elevational Gradient Effects on Microbial Distribution in Crude Oil Polluted Sites
date: 2023
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5410
sentence: 371
flesch: 55
cache: cache/finefocus-4312.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4312.txt
summary:
  It tested 3 null hypotheses: H01: That Soil depth has no significant effect on microorganism distribution H02: That Soil texture has no significant effect on microorganism distribution H03: That the interaction between soil texture and soil depth has no effect on microorganism distribution The two-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference (p=0.08) in the relationship between soil depth and microorganism distribution and no significant difference (p=0.998) in the relationship between soil texture and microorganism distribution. Soil samples were collected at 15 cm and 30 cm from each site.


id: finefocus-3631
author: Immadi Siva Ratnakar
title: Phage Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities
date: 2022
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9561
sentence: 838
flesch: 52
cache: cache/finefocus-3631.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3631.txt
summary:
  Phages offered a great scope of enquiry, but the simplicity in the production of antibiotics gave antibiotic therapy a lead over phage therapy. Phages are found to be safe in all the trials, but only a single double-blind clinical trial claims the efficacy of phage therapy.


id: finefocus-4317
title: Bacteria Isolated from Canada’s White Rabbit Cave Revealed Antimicrobial Activities
date: 2023
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4861
sentence: 276
flesch: 48
cache: cache/finefocus-4317.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4317.txt
author:
  Walsh, Monica; Ghosh, Soumya; Ponce, Alfredo; James, Chris; Kam, Gabriella; Lauriente, Tanna; Yu, Vincent; Safford, Kirk; Cheeptham, Naowarat

summary:
  The current study has evaluated the antimicrobial activities of one hundred and six bacterial isolates cultured from White Rabbit Cave, among which only five have exhibited antimicrobial activities. In this study, we would like to understand whether there are some bacteria that live in this Canadian White Rabbit Cave who can produce antimicrobial activity against some chosen multidrug resistant bacteria in the hope to explore and discovery more potential new antibiotic sources.


id: finefocus-4314
author: Lee, Spencer; Jonas, Robert
title: Genomic Evolution in Pseudomonas fluorescens as a Result of Gradual Temperature Changes
date: 2023
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3662
sentence: 189
flesch: 50
cache: cache/finefocus-4314.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4314.txt
summary:
  Temperature selection experiments involve subjecting organisms to temperatures outside of their ideal temperature range and measuring the changes between the initial and final organisms. Temperature selection experiments were performed on Pseudomonas fluorescens to select for growth at lower temperatures.


id: finefocus-4294
author: Froese, Jordan; Betts, Phillip
title: Investigation of the Effects of Mutating Iron-Coordinating Residues in Rieske Dioxygenases
date: 2024
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6037
sentence: 316
flesch: 46
cache: cache/finefocus-4294.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4294.txt
summary:
  Inspired by the success of other recent enzyme engineering reports, our research group investigated the potential to alter or improve the reactivity of Rieske dioxygenases by altering or eliminating iron coordination in the active site of these enzymes. Rieske dioxygenases are non-heme iron dioxy- genases that are commonly found in soil bacte- ria (39).


id: finefocus-3637
author: Waynick, Geneva; Carmichael, Mary J.
date: 2022
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10095
sentence: 577
flesch: 58
cache: cache/finefocus-3637.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-3637.txt
title:
  The Influence of Infant Formulae on the Growth of Commensal and Pathogenic Streptococcus Species in the Infant Oral Cavity

summary:
  A commensal species, S. mitis, and a pathogenic species, S. mutans, were used to represent beneficial and pathogenic Streptococcus species commonly found in the infant oral cavity. Like S. mutans, S. mitis metabolizes carbohydrates such as lactose and sucrose into lactic acid (30, 38).


id: finefocus-5596
author: Sanchez, Leah; Hennigan, Jennifer
title: Distribution of Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Within the Fort Phantom Hill Reservoir Watershed
date: 2025
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5537
sentence: 294
flesch: 48
cache: cache/finefocus-5596.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-5596.txt
summary:
  A study in Portugal found that TET resistance genes were present in all multi- drug resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry, swine, and cattle manures (6). Antibiotic resistance genes and associated bacterial communities in agricultural soils amended with different sources of animal manures.


id: finefocus-4245
author: Gaetano, Andrew; Danka , Elizabeth
title: Borrelia burgdorferi: The Deer Tick’s Dark Secret
date: 2024
pages: 29
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10760
sentence: 825
flesch: 41
cache: cache/finefocus-4245.pdf
txt: txt/finefocus-4245.txt
summary:
  The goal of this literature review is to increase public knowledge of B. burgdorferi, its vector, and the disease it causes, along with suggesting preventative measures to protect individuals who reside in high-risk areas. Unlike most gram-negative organisms, B. burgdorferi lacks lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the outer membrane and instead displays other immuno- genic glycolipids (70).


# url

id: finefocus-3318
domain: www.aera.net
url:
  http://www.aera.net/newsroom/aera-highlights-e-newsletter/aera-highlights-archivalissues/aera-highlights-february-2012/pcast-report-recommends-action-to-increase-number


id: finefocus-3875
domain: www.who.int
url:
  https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2017-who-publisheslist-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed


id: finefocus-5824
domain: obamawhitehouse.archives.gov
url:
  https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf


id: finefocus-4318
domain: www.edsurge.com
url:
  https://www.edsurge.com/news/2018-02-13report-advising-attendance-is-up-but-more-in-depth-student-support-isstill-needed


id: finefocus-5934
domain: interestingengineering.com
url:
  https://interestingengineering.com/science/prestigious-journals-hinder-non-english-speaking-scientists-study-finds


id: finefocus-3323
domain: www.mayoclinic.org
url:
  www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-alcohol/faq20057946


id: finefocus-4315
domain: www.jec.senate.gov
url:
  http://www.jec.senate.gov/public//index.cfm?a=files.serve&file_id=6aaa7e1f9586-47be-82e7-326f47658320


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.cdc.gov
url:
  https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html#:~:text=january%2020%2c%202020,respond%20to%20the%20emerging%20outbreak


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.indystar.com
url:
  https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/2021/03/18/indiana-covidtimeline-key-dates-states-fight-vs-pandemic/6813412002


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.indystar.com
url:
  https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/2021/03/18/indiana-covid-timeline-key-dates-states-fight-vs-pandemic/6813412002


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.pewresearch.org
url:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdchighly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.news-medical.net
url:
  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210222/an-overview-of-spikeprotein-antigen-covid-19-vaccine-candidates.aspx


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.pewresearch.org
url:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdc-highly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.pewresearch.org
url:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearing-masks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/ft_2020-08-27_maskwearing_01a


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.news-medical.net
url:
  https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2021https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210222/an-overview-of-spike-protein-antigen-covid-19-vaccine-candidates.aspx


id: finefocus-4513
domain: www.news-medical.net
url:
  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210222/an-overview-of-spike-protein-antigen-covid-19-vaccine-candidates.aspx


id: finefocus-4513
domain: doh.wa.gov
url:
  https://doh.wa.gov/data-and-statistical-reports/diseases-and-chronic-conditions/communicable-disease-surveillance-data/respiratory-illness-data-dashboard


id: finefocus-4513
domain: doh.wa.gov
url:
  https://doh.wa.gov/newsroom/masking-requirements-healthcare-long-term-care-and-correctional-facilities-end-april-3#:~:text=olympia%20%2d%2d%20effective%20april%203,people%20age%205%20and%20older


id: finefocus-3325
domain: news.microsoft.com
url:
  https://news.microsoft.com/features/why-do-girls-lose-interest-in-stemnew-research-has-some-answers-and-what-we-can-do-about-it/


id: finefocus-3325
domain: www.theverge.com
url:
  https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/17/17580942/girl-scouts-stemrelated-badges-space-exploration-cybersecurity


id: finefocus-3325
domain: nsf.gov
url:
  https://nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/report/sections/science-and-engineeringlabor-force/women-and-minorities-in-the-s-e-workforce


id: finefocus-5596
domain: www.fda.gov
url:
  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/antimicrobial-resistance/2022-summary-report-antimicrobials-sold-or-distributed-use-food-producing-animals


id: finefocus-5596
domain: www.tsswcb.texas.gov
url:
  https://www.tsswcb.texas.gov/sites/default/files/files/programs/agency-reports/fort%20phantom%20hill%20reservoir.pdf


id: finefocus-4245
domain: escholarship.org
url:
  https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vj3t37b/qt9vj3t37b_nosplash_13d2b56576d2ac55d60a1dd32ddc3074.pdf


id: finefocus-4245
domain: www.cdc.gov
url:
  www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/survfaq.html#:~:text=limitations%20of%20surveillance%20data&text=not%20every%20case%20of%20lyme,occur%20in%20low%20incidence%20areas


id: finefocus-4245
domain: www.cdc.gov
url:
  https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/datasurveillance/index.html?cdc_aa_refval=https%3a%2f%2fwww.cdc.gov%2flyme%2fstats%2findex.html


id: finefocus-4245
domain: www.dovepress.com
url:
  www.dovepress.com/lyme-borreliosis-a-review-of-data-on-transmission-time-after-tick-attapeer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ijgm


id: finefocus-4245
domain: www.dovepress.com
url:
  https://www.dovepress.com/lyme-borreliosis-a-review-of-data-on-transmission-time-after-tick-atta-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ijgm


id: finefocus-4245
domain: www.cell.com
url:
  https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/fulltext/s1471-4922(15)00210-x?_returnurl=https%3a%2f%2flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2fretrieve%2fpii%2fs147149221500210x%3fshowall%3dtrue


id: finefocus-4245
domain: journals.aai.org
url:
  https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/188/11/5612/86779/delays-and-diversions-mark-the-development-of-b


id: finefocus-4245
domain: portal.ct.gov
url:
  https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/departments-and-agencies/dph/dph/infectious_diseases/lyme/1976circularletterpdf.pdf


# ent

id: finefocus-591
sid: 90
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  e. species ab024928 e. canis a17s-m1 e. canis a17s-f5 e. ruminantium af069758 e. canis a17s-f7 e. muris u15527


id: finefocus-3318
sid: 226
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://sp-exchange.ca/images/reports/ student%20perspective%20of%20stem%20education%20in%20canada%2c%20spe%20white%20


id: finefocus-5824
sid: 49
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/82532 https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/threats-report/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf


id: finefocus-4211
sid: 208
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.02198-14 https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.02198-14 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5461-9


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 244
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.coronavirus.in.gov/vaccine/vaccine-dashboard/ https://www.coronavirus.in.gov/vaccine/vaccine-dashboard/ https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 289
eid: 2
type: DATE
entity:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdc-highly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19/ https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdc-highly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19/


id: finefocus-5596
sid: 272
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138033 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkad276


id: finefocus-5596
sid: 272
eid: 2
type: DATE
entity:
  https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13020171 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13020171 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2503-2507.2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.003


id: finefocus-5596
sid: 293
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03383.x http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03383.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3731744.x https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600938103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxad034


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 387
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1718595115 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7043737 https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vj3t37b/qt9vj3t37b_nosplash_13d2b56576d2ac55d60a1dd32ddc3074.pdf https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vj3t37b/qt9vj3t37b_nosplash_13d2b56576d2ac55d60a1dd32ddc3074.pdf


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 477
eid: 1
type: LOC
entity:
  https://dx.doi.org/10.2147%2fijgm.s73791 https://www.dovepress.com/lyme-borreliosis-a-review-of-data-on-transmission-time-after-tick-atta-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ijgm https://www.dovepress.com/lyme-borreliosis-a-review-of-data-on-transmission-time-after-tick-atta-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ijgm https://www.dovepress.com/lyme-borreliosis-a-review-of-data-on-transmission-time-after-tick-atta-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ijgm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2015.09.008


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 477
eid: 2
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004976 https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1004976


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 534
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06613.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06613.x https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12245 https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12245 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4912954/ https://dx.doi.org/10.3201%2feid2702.202731


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 589
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05716.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05716.x


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 750
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://academic.oup.com/jme/article-abstract/28/1/32/2220853?redirectedfrom=fulltext https://academic.oup.com/jme/article-abstract/28/1/32/2220853?redirectedfrom=fulltext


id: finefocus-4245
sid: 751
eid: 1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  https://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2fvbz.2012.1003 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3610442/ https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0207067 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207067 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207067


# pos

id: finefocus-4318
sid: 77
tid: 8
pos: VERB
token:
  https://www.edsurge.com/news/2018-02-13report-advising-attendance-is-up-but-more-in-depth-student-support-isstill-needed

lemma:
  https://www.edsurge.com/news/2018-02-13report-advising-attendance-is-up-but-more-in-depth-student-support-isstill-neede


id: finefocus-3875
sid: 295
tid: 1
pos: VERB
token:
  https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2017-who-publisheslist-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed

lemma:
  https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2017-who-publisheslist-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-neede


id: finefocus-5934
sid: 66
tid: 1
pos: NOUN
token:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 114 characters]

lemma:
  https://interestingengineering.com/science/prestigious-journals-hinder-non-english-speaking-scientists-study-find


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 243
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/2021/03/18/indiana-covidtimeline-key-dates-states-fight-vs-pandemic/6813412002/

lemma:
  https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/2021/03/18/indiana-covidtimeline-key-dates-states-fight-vs-pandemic/6813412002/


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 244
tid: 12
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/2021/03/18/indiana-covid-timeline-key-dates-states-fight-vs-pandemic/6813412002/

lemma:
  https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/2021/03/18/indiana-covid-timeline-key-dates-states-fight-vs-pandemic/6813412002/


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 253
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdchighly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19/

lemma:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdchighly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19/


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 266
tid: 3
pos: PROPN
token:
  pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearingmasks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/ft_2020-08-27_maskwearing_01a/

lemma:
  pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearingmasks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/ft_2020-08-27_maskwearing_01a/


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 289
tid: 5
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdc-highly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19/

lemma:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2020/06/29/americans-rate-cdc-highly-trump-and-his-administration-poorly-on-getting-the-facts-right-about-covid-19/


id: finefocus-4513
sid: 289
tid: 10
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearing-masks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/ft_2020-08-27_maskwearing_01a/

lemma:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/08/27/more-americans-say-they-are-regularly-wearing-masks-in-stores-and-other-businesses/ft_2020-08-27_maskwearing_01a/


id: finefocus-5596
sid: 200
tid: 1
pos: NOUN
token:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 144 characters]

lemma:
  https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/antimicrobial-resistance/2022-summary-report-antimicrobials-sold-or-distributed-use-food-producing-animal


id: finefocus-3325
sid: 529
tid: 3
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://news.microsoft.com/features/why-do-girls-lose-interest-in-stemnew-research-has-some-answers-and-what-we-can-do-about-it/.

lemma:
  https://news.microsoft.com/features/why-do-girls-lose-interest-in-stemnew-research-has-some-answers-and-what-we-can-do-about-it/.


