Focus on German Studies 20 iii The twentieth volume of Focus on German Studies was made possible by the continued financial, academic, and institutional support of the University of Cincinnati Graduate Student Governance Association. We are deeply indebt- ed to them for their sustained support of our endeavors. Department Head Professor Todd Herzog and Faculty Advisor Professor Tanja Nusser deserve our sincere grati- tude for facilitating the operation of Focus in myriad ways. Several graduate students at UC and other institutions also volunteered their time to contribute their expertise to this volume. Special thanks to all members of our EDITORIAL BOARD, BOARD OF RE- VIEWERS, and BOARD OF GRADUATE STUDENT REVIEWERS. Each article considered for this volume was refereed by two or more of the following professors: Acknowledgements Dr. Monika Albrecht, University of Limerick Dr. Matthias Bauer, Universität Flensburg Dr. Thomas Beebee, Penn State University Dr. Jeff Bowersox, Southern Mississippi University Dr. Rebecca Braun, Lancaster University Dr. Medardus Brehl, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Dr. Stefan Davies, University of Bristol Dr. Yasemin Dayioglu-Yücel, University of Pennsylvania Dr. Hannah Eldrige, University of Wisconsin- Madison Dr. Edwin Gentzler, University of Massachu- setts, Amherst Dr. Rolf Goebel, University of Alabama, Huntsville Dr. David Gramling, University of Arizona Dr. Serge Glitho, University de Lome, Togo Dr. Dirk Göttsche, University of Nottingham Dr. Stefanie Harris, Texas A & M Dr. Todd Heidt, Knox College Dr. Calvin Jones, University of Southern Alabama Dr. James W. Jones, University of Wisconsin- Madison Dr. Michael Jones, University of Kentucky Dr. Joshua Kavaloski, Drew University Dr. Florian Krobb, National University of Ireland, Maznooth Dr. Volker Langbehn, San Francisco State University Dr. Mark McCulloh, Davidson College Dr. Tanja Nusser, University of Cincinnati Dr. Claudia Öhlschläger, Universität Paderborn Dr. Rolf Parr, Universität Duisburg-Essen Dr. Martin Rector Dr. Christine Rinne, University of Southern Alabama Dr. Michael Rothberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dr. Richard Schade, University of Cincinnati Dr. Caroline Schaumann, Emory University Dr. Martin Schierbaum, Universität Hamburg Dr. Walter Schönau, Rijks University Groningen Dr. Rainer Schulte, University of Texas at Dallas Dr. Elke Segelcke, Illinois State University Dr. Kate Sturge, Aston University Dr. Albert Pascal Temgoua, University de Yaounde Dr. Jason Verber, Austin Peay State University Dr. Valerie Weinstein, University of Cincinnati Dr. Mark Zisselsberger, University of Miami We reserve the right to make any necessary editing changes without the express written permission of the authors. iv