141 Journal homepage: www.fia.usv.ro/fiajournal Journal of Faculty of Food Engineering, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania Volume XV, Issue 2 - 2016, pag. 141 - 145 RELEVANCE OF NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION OF CANNED MILK TO SOLDIERS’ DAILY DIET *Natalija Valeriivna RYABOKON1, Oksana Valerjanivna KOCHUBEY-LYTVYNENKO1, Dmitro Viktorovich RINDYUK1 1National University of Food Technologies, Ukraine, Kiev, ryabokonnatawa@gmail.com *Corresponding author Received November 22rd 2015, accepted 15th April 2016 Abstract: The article presents soldiers’ needs in nutrients, minerals and vitamins. Drawing on the example of one of the military units of Ukraine, the discrepancy of soldiers’ needs and their daily diet is dealt with, which is based on the principles focused not on quality but quantity. According to the tests made for soldiers’ needs in terms of good nutrition it is recommended to introduce canned milk (dry, condensed), which is characterized by high nutrition value and long-time term of storage under military-field conditions. Keywords: canned milk, level of provision, nutrients, vitamins, military, daily diet, needs, minerals. 1. Introduction The threat of losing peace and holistic functioning of Ukraine as a united and independent country, pose new and pressing issues to society, which needs urgent solution. Mainly, they are concerned with providing military with highly professional military education and training, new equipment, respective living conditions in the field, nutrition. In the author’s opinion, the speed and success of the task of defending the state, in general depend on the state of health of the defines, their training, resistance of organisms to extreme psychological, emotional and physical stresses. These factors greatly depend on the provision of daily military’s needs in basic nutrients. Therefore, the organization of full, high-quality and balanced diet for the military - is an important task for today. The diet, which is based on scientific principles specific to military work will strengthen the health and physical development of the military, raise the body's resistance to stress, positively effect on their combat readiness. 2. Materials and methods Analysis of the nutritional standards of servicemen, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine number 426 of 29 March 2002, showed that none of the rules (combined, air, sea) cannot fully ensure daily physiological needs of the military’s body in the nutrients and energy, vitamins and minerals [1]. On the example of really existing military unit of Ukraine, completed daily ration for soldiers does not stipulate detection of the level that provides nutrients, minerals and vitamins at all. The indicator, on which are oriented officers of the military unit, when are developing the diet -is total weight of food, not its qualitative composition. Table 1 shows the example of menu according to rates for combined-arms ration for one of the military units of Ukraine. http://www.fia.usv.ro/fiajournal http://dspace.nuft.edu.ua:8080/jspui/browse?type=author&value=Kochubey-Lytvynenko%2C+O. mailto:ryabokonnatawa@gmail.com Food and Environment Safety - Journal of Faculty of Food Engineering, Ştefan cel Mare University - Suceava Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016 Natalija Valeriivna RYABOKON, Oksana Valerjanivna KOCHUBEY-LYTVYNENKO, Dmitro Viktorovich RINDYUK, Relevance of nutritional intervention of canned milk to military’s daily diet, Food and Environment Safety, Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016, pag. 141 – 145 142 Table 1 Menu according to rates for combined-arms ration for military unit of Ukraine Canned meat – (1), with barley porridge – (2), Bread, cheese, butter – (3), Tea, sugar – (4), Potato salad with cucumber – (5), Borshch – (6), Canned meat – (7), with combined porridge – (8), sauce - (9), Bread, compot – (10), Potato salad with cucumber - (11), Potato salad with cucumber - (12), Fry fish, with rise and sause - (13), Butter, sugar, tea, baking - (14) D at e an d da ys o f w ee k In ge st io n N am e Name of product and weight in grams per person T ot al w ei gh o f re ad y d is h R ye o r w he at b re ad f ro m fl ou r W he at b re ad f ro m f ir st g ra de fl ou r Se co nd g ra de w he at fl ou r Cereals Meat -fish Fats su ga r T ea , c of fe e D ry p ud di ng Sa lt vegetables Other B uc kw he at O at m ea l B ar le y ri se m ea t Fi sh , h er ri ng M ar ga ri ne bu tte r oi l Po ta to Fe rm en te d ca bb ag e be et ca rr ot O ni on R oo t, gr ee n, to m at oe s, cu cu m be rs T om at o pa st e B ay le af pe pp er vi ne ga r M us ta rd p ow de r Fi rs t g ra de fl ou r ye as t ch ee se M O N D A Y , th e “ _ _ “ o f _ _ (m o n th ) 2 0 _ _ _ (y e a r ) B R E A K F A ST (1) 75 (2) 5 86 5 5 5 30 8 (3) 10 0 15 0 15 15 (4) 30 0. 6 25 0 D IN N E R (5) 5 90 5 5 20 10 0 (6) 12 0 90 30 5 5 50 0 (7) 5 75 44 (8) 28 49 5 5 17 3 (9) 50 50 (10) 15 0 10 0 3 10 20 25 0 SU P P E R (11) 5 50 5 5 20 68 (12) 5 19 5 12 21 2 (13) 81 5 5 5 27 7 (14) 10 0 15 0 15 30 0. 6 50 0. 5 25 0 T ot al nu m be r of pr od uc ts p er da y 35 0 40 0 15 81 28 49 86 15 0 19 5 15 30 25 70 1. 2 20 25 26 0 90 30 30 30 40 6 0. 2 0. 3 1 0. 3 50 0. 5 15 Food and Environment Safety - Journal of Faculty of Food Engineering, Ştefan cel Mare University - Suceava Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016 Natalija Valeriivna RYABOKON, Oksana Valerjanivna KOCHUBEY-LYTVYNENKO, Dmitro Viktorovich RINDYUK, Relevance of nutritional intervention of canned milk to military’s daily diet, Food and Environment Safety, Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016, pag. 141 – 145 143 One of the reasons of the discrepancy between existing norms and the needs, can be called a lack of dairy products in the diet, which have high nutritional, nutritious and biological value [2]. Experts are recommended to consume milk and dairy products every day for people of all ages and different groups of physical activity. And the military are no exception. Recommended 30 grams of butter and 15 grams of solid rennet cheese, that are mentioned in Resolution above, are insufficient to provide the body, that has, increasing level of physical activity, with necessary and valuable proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients of animal origin. However, considering the dairy products in the military’s diet, it is necessary to pay a special attention to the following aspects: availability of the product in the military- field conditions, easiness of preparation to consumption, transportability and expectancy of the term of storage [3]. Taking into account the needs and characteristics of food consumption during military actions, the authors recommend to introduce canned milk (dry and condensed) into military’s diet. Dry canned milk - are products with high content of milk solids (95 ... 98.5%), that ensure their suitability for easy transportation and long-term consumption. When the degree of thickening of milk- base before drying is 3-4, then it causes high food, energy and biological value of dry canned milk compared to whole fresh milk. Thus, dry milk food have a high protein (11.1 ... 37.9%); fat (12.5 ... 44.7%); carbohydrates (30.6 ... 65%); essential amino acids (9568 ... 14 237 mg per 100 g); fatty acids (11.85 ... 40.48 grams per 100 grams) content. Vitamin and mineral composition of the main types of dry canned milk is characterized by containing retinol, β- carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron [4, 5]. Canned condensed milk – are high-calorie nutritional products with a shelf life about 12 months to consumption, mass fraction of protein about 7 ... 11% fat - 8.5 ... 19% lactose - 9 ... 14.5%; sucrose - 37 ... 44%. 100g of condensed product contains about 2,600 mg of essential amino acids; 8 ... 18 g of fatty acids. Chemical constitution of condensed canned milk, consists of the same macro elements and vitamins as dry milk products [4, 5, 6]. 3. Results and discussion The feasibility of the introduction canned milk into military’s diet is confirmed by a comparative analysis of the value of 100 grams of canned milk with daily needs of the human body in nutrients [1]. For calculation of daily military's energy consumption ,the quantity of basal metabolism is multiplied by a factor of physical activity (2.3) for group IV activity - working hard, especially hard physical labor, high and very high physical activity (Table 2-4). Table 2 Daily requirement of men of 4 group of physical activity in proteins, fats, carbohydrates and energy Age of man (years) Energy [kcal.] Proteins, [g] Fats, [g] Carbohydrates, [g] all animal 18…29 3900 107 59 10 624 30…39 3700 102 56 10 592 40…59 3500 6 53 97 560 Food and Environment Safety - Journal of Faculty of Food Engineering, Ştefan cel Mare University - Suceava Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016 Natalija Valeriivna RYABOKON, Oksana Valerjanivna KOCHUBEY-LYTVYNENKO, Dmitro Viktorovich RINDYUK, Relevance of nutritional intervention of canned milk to military’s daily diet, Food and Environment Safety, Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016, pag. 141 – 145 144 Table 3 Daily requirement of men of 4 group of physical activity in minerals Age of man (years) Са, [mg] Р, [mg] Мg, [mg] Fe, [mg] F, [mg] Zn, [mg] I, [mg] Se, [mg] 18…29 1200 1200 400 15 0.75 15 0.15 70 30…39 1200 1200 400 15 0.75 15 0.15 70 40…59 1200 1200 400 15 0.75 15 0.15 70 Table 4 Daily requirement of men of 4 group of physical activity in vitamins Age of man Е, mg D, mg A, mg B1, mg B2, mg B6, mg PP, mg Folate, mg В12, mg С, mg 18…29 15 2.5 1000 1.6 2.0 2.0 22 250 3 80 30…39 15 2.5 1000 1.6 2.0 2.0 22 250 3 80 40…59 15 2.5 1000 1.6 2.0 2.0 22 250 3 80 On the example of the daily needs of men aged 30 ... 39 years authors defined the integral score of canned milk for protein fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral substances, which are shown in figure 1. It was determining in the products that have the greatest demand among consumers - whole condensed milk with sugar and 8.5% of fat, dry whole milk with 25% of fat. Fig. 1. The integral score of canned milk on the content of nutrients and minerals, vitamins. Food and Environment Safety - Journal of Faculty of Food Engineering, Ştefan cel Mare University - Suceava Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016 Natalija Valeriivna RYABOKON, Oksana Valerjanivna KOCHUBEY-LYTVYNENKO, Dmitro Viktorovich RINDYUK, Relevance of nutritional intervention of canned milk to military’s daily diet, Food and Environment Safety, Volume XV, Issue 2 – 2016, pag. 141 – 145 145 4. Conclusion Analysis of the results shows that canned milk are able to provide military's needs in nutrients, particularly fats, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin B2 on the high-level. In conclusion, I must say that the procedure of drawing up the daily diet for the military of Ukraine needs innovation, radically opposing to the existing concepts in which the primary purpose will be balanced and quality diet for each of the military, not the mere provision of food by weight. This will allow to improve feeling of military, their health and physical fitness in general. 5. References [1]. Law of Ukraine "On Approval norms physiological needs of the population of Ukraine in the nutrients and energy": (official. Text: as of December 2, 1999) / Ukraine Parliament. - K: parliamentary publishing house, - 22 p., (1999) [2]. SKURYHINA I.M., The chemical composition of food products. - Kn.2. - M.: Agropromizdat, - 360 p., (1987) [3]. CHEKULAEVA L.V., GOLUBEV L.V., POLYANSKYY K.K., Storability of new milk canned / Milk industry. - № 5. - S. 27-28. (2000) [4]. GOLUBEVA L.V., BOBKOVA N., Modern technology trends milk curds with Sugar / Milk industry. - № 5. - S. 74-75. (2006) [5]. GOLUBEVA L.V., Directory technologist milk production. Technology and recipe. 9. Tom, Сanning and drying of milk / St. Petersburg: HYORD, - 256 p. (2005) [6]. RYABOKON N. V., The balance of condensed canned milk / NV Ryabokon, T.G. Osmak, T. A. Savchenko // Food agribusiness industry. - № 4. - P. 15-17. (2012) 1. Introduction 4. Conclusion