Microsoft Word - numero 14 articolo 4 B. L 36 H us Br Fed Bra lob AB hyd In com and and Mo lim fac to pre KE IN bri sen imp unn Ho val dec In tho (iii) T Lobato da Silva High-cyc sed in h raitner Lob deral Universi asília, Brazil, batoae@gmail. BSTRACT. T draulic comp that sense, mponents w d the consid d 2.42. In o ood, Stairca mit. For such ctor were co results obta ediction of t EYWORDS. N NTRODUCTIO he fatigu these co invariab ttle materials nsitivity to ge portant trans notched spec owever, the m lue is practica crease quickly 1 f K   f S K S  the last 40 ye ose considera ) Stress field T et alii, Frattura cle notc hydroge bato da Silv ity of Brasília, 70940-910. com.br, jorge@ The presenc ponents is a , specimens was tested. T dered stress order to dete se method w h geometry a ompared thro ained it was the Peterson Notch, fatigu ON ue analysis in omponents a bly occur at st s due to the f eometric disc sformation fa cimen, Sfe. Th most definitio ally unaffecte y with respect  1 t q K  f fe S S ears many ex ations, they ca intensity mo ed Integrità Stru ch sensi enator tu va, Jorge L Mechanical E @unb.br, alex e of notche a current pro s of the AS The specimen concentratio ermine the f was used. T at least 8 spe ough fatigue s possible to n and Neube ue strength, n turbine blad are designed tress concent fatigue. Ther continuities. I actor that rel his relation c on accepts is ed for 106 to t the cycle nu xpressions hav an be classifie odels [2]. In utturale, 14 (201 tivity of urbine c Luiz de Alm Engineering D x07@unb.br es and othe oblem in eng STM A743 ns were test on factors, K fatigue limit This approac ecimens wer e notch redu o conclude r’s empirical staircase me des and other to operate b trators. In th refore, the str In that sense lates the fati an be expres the relation 108 cycles. In umber [1]. ve been deve ed in three m this work, w 10) 36-44; DOI: f alloy s compon meida Ferr Department, Ca er stress co gineering. It CA6NM a ted under un Kt, values, c for such no ch is based re tested. In uction factor that the tes l models. ethod, up an r hydraulic no below its en he cases that t ress concentr e, appears th igue strength ssed by Eq. 1 showed by E n addition, w eloped to the models: (i) Av we work onl 10.3221/IGF-ESI teel AST nents reira, José ampus Univer oncentration t causes a re alloy steel u niaxial fatigu calculated wi otch type, a on the assu addition, th r, Kf, obtain sted materia d down met otch compon ndurance limi the loading is ration factor he fatigue not h of notch sp 1, where q is Eq. 2. Exper when the fatig notch fatigu verage stress m ly with avera IS.14.04 TM A74 Alexander rsitário Darcy ns in turbin duction of e using in sev ue loading w ith respect t reduction d umed target he Peterson a ned from exp al is less sen thod, ASTM nents is a ver it and becau s dynamic, th should be m tch reduction pecimen, Sf, the notch s rimental inve gue life is les ue notch redu models, (ii) F age stress mo 43 CA6N r Araújo Ribeiro, e blades an endurance li veral hydrog with a load ra to net area, data method distribution and Neuber perimental d nsitive to no M A743 CA6N ry important p use fatigue fa he ductile ma modified accor n factor, Kf. with the fat ensibility fact stigations ind ss that 106 cy uction factor, Fracture mech odels: Neube NM nd other no imit of mate genator turb atio equal to were 1.55, 2 d by Dixon n of the fati r’s notch fati data. Accord otches than NM. problem beca ailures in ser aterials behav rding to mat It establishes tigue strength tor and 0 q dicate that th ycles, the Kf v (1) (2) Kf. Accordin hanic models r and Peters otch erial. bine o -1, 2.04 and igue igue ding the ause rvice ve as terial s an h of 1 . he Kf value ng to and on’s http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true mailto: lobatoae@gmail.com.br mailto: jorge@unb.br mailto: alex07@unb.br rela fati sm not Ne of Pet fati Ho con EX Ma ten are T ation. The fir igue failure o mooth specime tch opening a 1 f K   euber formula tensile streng 1 f K   10 N a  terson assum igue strength owever, Peter nstant materia 1 f K   0 P a        XPERIMENT aterial he teste turbine properti nsile strength, e showed in T T rst model sho occur when th en Sf. The Eq angle, and A 1 1 t K A w        ated the Eq. 3 gth, Srt, for ste 1 1 t N K a     134 5860 rtS med that the fa h of a smooth rson proposed al and it can b 1 1 ,t r P K S a           700 0,185 207 0, 0254 rt rt S S         TAL PROCED ed material w components ies according , Srt, and yield Tab. 2 and Ta C 0 B. Lo ws by Kuhn he average st q. 3 presents a is a material c A  3 as the Eq. eels with Srt > atigue failure h specimen [5 d that the stre be estimate in 1520MPa rt  1.8 , 0 , 700 9 7 t rt rt S S         DURE was a steel allo s and it requ g to ASTM A d strength, Sy.) b. 3, respectiv C Mn 0.06 1.00 Table 1: Che E (GP 198  Table 2: Me obato da Silva et and Hardrah tress about ch an obtained e constant that 4 [4], where > 550 MPa, ac occur when 5]. Obviously ess near to no n function of 0MPa 00MPa oy, ASTM A uests high m A 743/A 743 ) and fatigue vely. C Si 1.00 11 emical properti Pa) Sy (M  4 575  echanical prope alii, Frattura ed t [3] became haracteristic l expression by is a function   rtN a f S i ccording to E the stress at y, the Peterso otch decrease tensile streng A743 CA6NM mechanical str M [6] are sh properties ba omposition ( Cr Ni 1.5-14 3.5–4 ies of ASTM A MPa) Srt (MP  35 918  erties of ASTM d Integrità Struttu base for aver ength from r y Kuhn and H n of the tensile s a constant m Eq. 5 distance d0 fr on’s model is e linearly. Th gth according M, which has rength and t howed in Tab ased on Paral (%) i Mo 4.5 0.4–1.0 A743 CA6NM Pa) Hardnes 1 273.0  M A743 CA6N urale, 14 (2010) rage stress mo root notch eq Hardraht, whe e strength. material that rom root notc a particular e Eq. 6 expre g to Eq. 7. been used in that it resist b. 1. The mec llel-projected P 0.04  alloy steel [6]. ss (HB)  7.0 NM alloy steel. ) 36-44; DOI: 10 odels. This m quals the end ere  is root n can be quant ch is equal or case of avera ess this relatio n the fabricat the corrosio chanical (You method acco S 0.03 .3221/IGF-ESIS. model assumes durance limit notch radius, (3) tified in func (4) (5) r more than l age stress mo on, where aP (6) (7) tion of hydra on. Its chem ung modulus ording to Silva 14.04 37 s the of a w is ction limit odel. P is a aulic mical s, E, a [7] http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true B. L 38 Ac Ho this Fig fac Sta Th His alte obs stre Tw Mo dis pro wo Th init thr wil dep inc Lobato da Silva cording to P owever, Silva s work. The s g. 1 and its g ctor calculated 3. t K  aircase method he Staircase m storically, its ernative but s serving the re ess or dose, f wo methods o ood [15] and tribution of t ovides better ork. he DM metho tial stress for rough of Para ll be tested at pends on the creased or dec et alii, Frattura Ta Parallel-projec et al. predict specimens we geometric par d by Eq. 8 [10 065 3.370    Kt 2.4 2.0 1.5 d method has be origin is ass similar biolog eaction that i for that an acc of data reduct Zhang-Kecec the fatigue lim and more co od was popul r a specific f allel-projected t a lower stre previous tes creased [17].T ed Integrità Stru Parame A b able 3: Basquin cted method 360.1 14.0 M ere produced rameters are 0]. 2 0.647 a c        t a (mm) 42 3.00 4 5.00 5 8.00 een recomme sociated to b gical stimuli. I s produces in ceptable prop tion for statis cioglu [16]. B mit, Normal a onservative pr arized by Litt fatigue life. I d or S-N curv ess level. Oth st results and The stress inc utturale, 14 (201 eter Estim Estimate 1659.1 -0.108 n’s fatigue para for fatigue l MPa accordin d in accordanc shown in Ta 2 2 0.658 a c       Figure b (mm) c ( 80.00 3 80.00 3 80.00 3 Table 4: S nded by man biological assa In other word n a living orga portion of spe stical properti Both approach and Weibull, redictions tha tle [18]. It use Initially, the f ve. If the spec herwise, a new the experime crements are 10) 36-44; DOI: mate value e Deviation 116.4 0.006 ameter obtaine life of 2.106 ng to Staircas ce with ASTM ab. 4. In addi 3 2 8 a c       1: Flat plate sp (mm) d (mm 0.00 7.50 0.00 7.50 0.00 7.50 Specimen geom ny standards [ ay. Biologica ds, it is basica anism [14]. In ecimens survi ies of fatigue hes are based respectively. an Zhang-Ke es a simple sy fatigue limit cimen fails be w test will be ent continues usually cons 10.3221/IGF-ESI Confidence Lower 1416.3 -0.120 ed of Parallel-p cycles, the e e method [8] M E 466-96 [ ition, Tab. 4 pecimen. m) e (mm) 0 160.00 0 160.00 0 160.00 metric data. [11-13] to eva al assay is a ally the measu n both cases, ives. strength at a d on maximum According to cecioglu meth ystematic me and its stand efore to infini conducted a s in this mann stant and are IS.14.04 intervals Upper 1901.9 -0.097 projected meth endurance lim . Therefore, t [9] and forged presents the Net area (m 105.00 150.00 180.00 aluate the fatig set of techni urement of th , one want to specific fatig m likelihood o Lin [17], the hod (ZK). Th ethodology wh dard deviatio ite life (say 2· at upper stres ner in sequen in the range hod. mit is 344.00 this is the fati d into flat pla e analytic stre mm2) gue limit stati iques used in he potency of o determine th gue life are m estimation an e Dixon-Moo herefore it wi here the spec on are estima 106 cycles), th ss level. In th nce with the of half to tw 0 24.13 MPa igue limit use ates as shows ess concentra (8) tistical proper n comparison f any stimulu he level stimu most used: Dix nd assume ta od method (D ill be used in cimen is teste ate, for exam he next specim hat way, each stress level b wice the stand [7]. ed in s the ation rties. n of us by ulus, xon- arget DM) this ed at mple, men test eing dard http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true dev rec Sta Th lim the Th equ dis nor Bro De 9 a Th oth or Th to fati acc ord be Th dev ten A m Ló con In viation of th commends ru atistical analys he DM metho mit. It requires e survivals or he stress levels uations propo tributed; (ii) rmal distribu ownlee [21] a enoting by ni t and 10, respec i A   i B   he Eq. 11 sho herwise, it is u DM S  1 DM   0 DM   he Staircase m predict estim igue [22]. Thi curate standar der to evaluat an improvem he Eq. 14 sho viation by Di nd increase th SL   modified corr ren correctio nstants depen PC A  this work the e fatigue lim unning the tes sis od provides a s that the two only the failu s S spaced eq osed by Dix the sample s ution should b assures that th the number o ctively. i in 2 i i n ows the estim used minus si 0 i A S d n       1.62 B n d n      0.53d if methods are n mate accurate is method con rd deviation. te and to imp ment in all ma ows the estim ixon-Mood a he deviation e 3 DM N N         rection was d on. The form ndent on the n 3 DM N A N        e largest devia B. Lo mit. Lee [19] st at least 15 s approximate o statistical p ures. qually with a xon and Moo size should b be grossly es he samples fro of the less fre mate of the ign. The Eqns 1 2      2 2 0.029 i i A n     2 2 i i B n A n   notably accura e of fatigue l ncentrates th Braam and v prove the relia aximum-likelih mate of stand nd N is the t stimate by Di developed wh of the propo number of sa m DMB d       ation will be u obato da Silva et recommends specimens. formulas to properties be chosen increm od [15] respe be big, aroun stimated prev om 5 to 10 sp equent event mean, where s. 12 and 13 s 9    if  B  0.3 ate and efficie limit standard e most exper van der Zwaag ability of stan hood evaluati dard deviation total specime ixon-Mood. hich attempted osed standard amples, see T used, SL or alii, Frattura ed s a value 5% calculate the determined b ment d are nu ect three assu nd 40 to 50 s viously in ord pecimens are at the stress l e the plus sig show the estim  2 2 0. i i n A n     ent in terms d deviation u rimental point g [23], Svenss ndard deviatio ion procedur n corrected b en number. T d to allow a g d deviation es ab. 5. PC . d Integrità Struttu % less than fa mean, DM , a by using the d umbered i wh umptions: (i) specimens or der to specify reliable to de level i, two qu gn is used if mate of stand .3 to quantify th using these m ts near the m son and de M on and propo res. by Svensson-L This correctio greater range stimate, PC , i urale, 14 (2010) atigue limit i and standard data of the le here i=0 for t the fatigue r more and ( y the step of etermine the m uantities can f the more fr dard deviation he mean fatig methods with mean therefore Maré [24], Lin sed a linear c Lóren [26], on is a strictly of unbiased e is shown in E ) 36-44; DOI: 10 nitially estim deviation,  ess frequent e the lowest str strength sho (iii) the stand f stress increm mean fatigue be calculated requent even n. gue strength h small samp e is more diffi [17] and Rab correction fac SL , where D y function of estimation th Eq. 15, where .3221/IGF-ESIS. mated. Collin DM ,of the fat event, either o ress level S0. ould be norm dard deviation ments. Howe limit. d: A and B, E (9) (10) nt is survival (11) (12) (13) but very diffi les at high c ficult to obtain bb [25] worke ctor and foun DM is the stand f sample size (14) an the Svenss e A, B, and m (15) 14.04 39 [20] tigue only The mally n of ever, Eqns. and ficult cycle n an ed in nd to dard and son- m are http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true B. L 40 Fa In stre stan the lim 5% RE En En Fig Dix exp abo nor con wit wit T Lobato da Silva tigue testing order to dete ess ratio, R, ndard deviati e percentile b mit intervals ar % of fatigue lim Notch T ESULTS AND ndurance limit f hree exp the Stair ndurance limit f g. 3 plots the xon-Mood a perimental tim ove average f rmal distribu nstant. It can th specimens th less accura T et alii, Frattura ermine experi of -1 at a fr ion number u between step re presented mit initially es h radius (mm 3 51 52 8 Table 6: Exper D DISCUSSIO for notch radi perimental ge rcase testing r Figur for notch radi Staircase test and Svensson me, the tests s fatigue streng ution. In addi be verified th 6 to 10. The cy in the stan ed Integrità Stru Table 5: Con imentally the requency of used to determ size and mat too in the sam stimated by S m) Deviation 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.6 rimental param N ius of 8 mm eometric cond results for no e 2: Plot of Sta ius of 3 mm ting results fo n-Lóren equ started from b gth estimate, ition, from s hat experimen erefore, in thi ndard deviatio 203 214 225 236 247 258 270 281 292 303 0 S tr es s le v el ( M P a) utturale, 14 (201 Specimens 8 10 12 15 20 nstants used in fatigue limit 15 Hz with mine the clas terial enduran me table. It c Staircase meth n Class d 10 3 10 5 10 1 10 1 meters of Stairc ditions were t otch radius of aircase testing or notch radi uations, respe bigger class. I the probabil second specim ntal results fo is case five sp on. 1 2 3 Failure Su 10) 36-44; DOI: # (N) A 1.30 1.08 1.04 0.97 1.00 n proposed stan of notched m a universal s ss of Staircase nce limit for 2 can be observ hod in Silva [8 (mm) fd  3.99 1. 5.47 1. 1.82 0. 1.18 3. case method (1 tested in this f 8 mm. The f results for not ius of 3 mm. ectively, for It can be obs lity of experi men to eight or the specim pecimens wer 3 4 5 Specimen uspension 10.3221/IGF-ESI B m 1.2 1.72 1.2 1.10 4 1.2 0.78 1.2 0.55 1.2 0.45 ndard deviation materials for servo-hydraul e method; the 2.106 cycles. ved from Tab 8] as Lee reco f (%) Uppe .1 .5 .5 .0 fist testing sta study and th fatigue limit f ch radius of 8 The average this case a served that th imental limit th specimen ens from 1 to re sufficiently 6 7 8 number IS.14.04 n correction [2 2.106 cycles, lic MTS mac e quantity of In addition, b. 6 that the s ommends [19 r lim. (MPa) 190.2 223.0 228.5 303.2 age and 2 secon he results are for this case is mm for 2.106 fatigue limit are 184.2 2. his class corre fatigue is un the experim o 5 is statistic y to determine 9 10 1 22]. all testing wa chine. The T class used, S the upper an stress increme 9]. Lower lim. 154.3 173.8 212.1 202.6 nd testing stage shown in Ta s 355.1 19.1 cycles. and its scatte .6 MPa. In o sponds 1.6 st nder is more ental behavio ally similar to e the average 1 as performed Tab. 6 shows S; the step siz nd lower stair ents are less t (MPa) 3 8 1 6 e). ab. 9. Fig. 2 p MPa. er determined order to red tandard devia than 89% f or is regular o results obtai e fatigue limit at a the ze, d; rcase than plots d by duce ation for a and ined t but http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true En Sta spe the sec Th inc of No Ac dec ndurance limit f arting from th ecimens were e result was r cond stage is he results obta crement of th step size is re otch strength a cording to o crease in endu for notch radi he obtained re e used and the refined and m 214.6 1.2 M Fi ained in secon he Staircase m esponsible for nd notch fatigu obtained resu urance limit w Fi B. Lo Figure 3: Pl ius of 5 mm esults previou e endurance l more five spe MPa. igure 4: Plot of nd stage pres method. The s r this fact. ue reduction st ults starting f when notch ra igure 5: Plot of 154 158 162 166 170 174 178 182 186 190 0 1 S tr es s le ve l (M P a) 174 179 185 190 196 201 207 212 218 223 0 1 S tr es s le v el ( M P a) Fa 212 214 216 218 219 221 223 225 227 228 0 1 S tr es s le v el (M P a) obato da Silva et lot of Staircase usly the Stairc limit determin ecimens were f Staircase testi sented a reduc standard devi trength, Kf , b from experim adius decreas f Staircase testi 2 3 2 3 ilure Suspens 1 2 3 alii, Frattura ed e testing results case method f ned was 220. e tested as it ing results for ction at avera iation decreas behavior mental data an se for ASTM ing results for 4 5 6 Specimen numb 4 5 6 Specimen numb sion 4 5 6 Specimen numb d Integrità Struttu s for notch rad for notch rad 3 3.6 MPa. F can be seen notch radius o age endurance sed three tim nd shown in A743 CA6NM notch radius o 7 8 9 ber Failure Su 6 7 8 ber 6 7 8 ber Failure Sus urale, 14 (2010) dius of 3 mm. dius was execu Fig. 4 shows in Fig. 5. Th of 5 mm (stage e limit becaus mes in relation n Tab. 7 and M alloy steel. of 5 mm (stage 10 11 spension 9 10 9 10 spension ) 36-44; DOI: 10 uted at two st the testing re he fatigue lim e 1). se the refinem n to first stag d Fig. 6 we c . e 2). .3221/IGF-ESIS. tages. Firstly, esults. Follow mit taken acco ment in the st ge. The decrea can to observ 14.04 41 five wing, ount tress ased ve a http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true B. L 42 Tab Pet not em Lobato da Silva b. 8 and Fig. terson and N tch size the mpirical model et alii, Frattura . 7 show an Neuber’s empi notch factor ls shows that Table 8: E Figure 7: Com 150. 200. 250. 300. S fe ( M P a) K f ed Integrità Stru Not Table 7: End increase of n irical models r are more d ASTM A743 Figure 6: Com Notch radiu 3 5 8 Experimental an mparison betw 3.02.00 0 0 0 0 32.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 utturale, 14 (201 tch radius (mm 3 5 8 durance limit f notch fatigue are statistica different. The 3 CA6NM all mparison betwe us (mm) Ex 1 2 1 nd theory fatig ween experimen 00 4.00 3.00 4.00 10) 36-44; DOI: m) Enduran Mean 184.2 214.6 255.1 for each notch reduction st ally very simil e comparison oy steel is les een endurance Fatigue notc xperimental Eq. 2 .96  0.08 2.04  0.07 .55  0.12 gue notch redu ntal and theory 5.00 notch radiu 5.00 Notch radius 10.3221/IGF-ESI nce limit. Sfe (M n Deviatio 2 2.6 6 1.2 1 19. based on Stair trength with lar when notc n between ex s sensitive th limits of notch ch reduction Neuber Eq. 4 2.27  0.03 1.95  0.05 1.51  0.06 uction factor es y models for no 76.00 us (mm) 7.006.00 s (mm) IS.14.04 MPa) on 6 2 .1 rcase method. decrease of n ch radius is b xperimental an prediction hed specimens factor. Kf Peterson Eq. 6 2.37  0.03 2.02  0.05 1.54  0.06 stimate for each otch fatigue re .00 8.00 Experimen 0 8.00 Experime Neuber Peterson notch radius. big. However notch fatigue ns (Fig.7). s. h geometry. duction factor 9.00 ntal data 9.00 ental In addition, r, when decre e factor and . , the eases the http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true CO pro aro dec rad em mo AC RE [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] T T N Specim 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sf (M ONCLUSION he aim o Staircase sizes. A operties are e ound average creases as it w dius, the pred mpirical model odels used. CKNOWLEDG his proje are grate EFERENCES A. Buch, Fa W. Yao, K. P. Kuhn, H NACA TN H. Neuber, R. E. Peters ASTM/A74 Resistant fo B. L. Silva, J Mechanical B. L. Silva, J Engineering ASTM/E46 (2002). T T Notch radius men # S (M 1 190 2 186 3 182 4 186 5 182 6 186 7 182 8 186 9 182 0 178 MPa) 1 NS of this work w e method wa reduction da easily determ e. However, was waited. T dictions are s ls does not p GEMENTS ect was suppo efully acknow S atigue Strengt Xia, Y. Gu, I H. F. Hardrat 2805, Langley Int. J. of App son, In: Meta 43/A743M – or General Ap J. L. A. Ferre Engineering J. L. A. Ferre g, Gramado, R 66-96, Standa B. Lo (3 mm) MPa) Cycles .19 1.2.106 .19 1.4.106 .20 run ou .19 8.1.105 .20 run ou .19 1.2.106 .20 run ou .19 9.1.105 .20 1.7.106 .21 7.5.105 184.2  2.6 Table was to evalua as used to det ata method b mined and the the standard Therefore, th tatistically sim predict correc orted by Cen wledged. We a th Calculation Int. J. Fatigue th, An Engin y Aeronautica plied Mec., 2 al Fatigue, G. – 06, Standard pplication, (20 eira, F. Olivei , Gramado, R eira, J. A. Araú Rio Grande d ard Practice obato da Silva et Not Specimen 6 1 6 2 t 3 5 4 t 5 6 1 t 2 5 3 6 4 5 5 Sf (MPa) 9: Staircase te ate the effect termine the e y Dixon and e mean value d deviation d e notch fatig milar and can tly. In additi trais Elétricas are thankful t n, Trans Tech e, 17 (1994) 2 neering Metho al Laboratory 8 (1961) 544. Sines & J. L. d Specification 006). ira, J. A.Araúj Rio Grande d újo, In: Proce do Sul, Brazil for Conducti alii, Frattura ed tch radius (5 m n # S (MPa) 223.03 217.56 223.03 217.56 223.03 221.20 219.38 217.56 215.73 213.91 ) 214. sting results fo of notch fati endurance lim Mood was v e is has very does not reli gue reduction n to predict t ion, the alloy s do Norte do o God for th h Publications 245. od for Estim y, Washington Waisman edi n for Casting jo, In: Procee o Sul, Brazil ( eedings of CO l (2009). ing Constant d Integrità Struttu mm) ) Cycles 8.2.105 run out 5.2.105 run out 4.0.105 7.4.105 7.6.105 4.5.105 9.4.105 run out 8  1.2 or 2.106 cycles igue behavior mit and its sta very efficientl y accuracy be iable. The fa factor decre the fatigue be steel tested in o Brasil S. A. he blessing of s, Switzerland mating the No n (1952). itors, New Yo gs, Iron–Chro edings of CO (2009). OBEM 2009, t Amplitude A urale, 14 (2010) Notch Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sf (MPa) (R=-1). r of ASTM A andard deviat ly to determin ecause the te atigue limit d eases when no ehavior, othe n this researc - Eletronorte to live, to pro d (1988). otch-Size Effe ork, McGraw omium, Iron- OBEM 2009, 2 20th Internat Axial Fatigue ) 36-44; DOI: 10 radius (8 mm S (MPa) 258.49 269.67 280.86 269.67 258.49 269.67 280.86 269.67 258.49 247.30 255.1  A743 CA6NM tion for three ne fatigue lim echnique con decreases wh otch radius in erwise Peterso ch is less sens e and Finatec oduce and to fect in Fatigu w Hill, (1959) Chromium-N 20th Internatio tional Congre e Tests of M .3221/IGF-ESIS. m) Cycles run out run out 1.1.106 9.6.105 run out run out 15.105 4.1.105 2.2.105 run out 19.1 M alloy steel. e different no mit. The statis ncentrates po hen notch ra ncreases. For on and Neub sitive than the c. These supp develop scie e Tests on S 293. Nickel, Corro onal Congres ess of Mechan Metallic Mater 14.04 43 The otch tical oints adius r big ber’s eory ports ence. Steel, sion ss of nical rials, http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true B. L 44 [10 [11 [12 [13 [14 [15 [16 [17 [18 [19 [20 [21 [22 [23 [24 [25 [26 RE T Lobato da Silva 0] W. C. Youn 1] British Stan Keynes: Bri 2] Standard m 3] Normalizati Normalisati 4] D. J. Finney 5] W. J. Dixon 6] J. Zhang, D Washington 7] S-K. Lin, Y 8] R. E. Little, 9] Y-L. Lee, J Butterworth 0] J. A. Collin Wiley and S 1] K. A. Brow 2] R. Pollak, A 3] J. J. Braam, 4] T. Svensson 5] B. R. Rabb, 6] T. Svensson ESPONSIBILI he autho T et alii, Frattura ng, R. G. Bud ndard 3518: m itish Standard method of stati ion Francais ion (1991). y, Probit Ana n, A. M. Moo D. B. Kececio n, (1998) 297. Y-L. Lee, M-W , Statistical D J. Pan., R. B h-Heinemann n, Failure of Sons. Inc. (19 wnlee, J. L. Ho A. Palazotto, T S. van der Zw n, S. Lorén, J. , Trans. Eng. n, S. Lorén, J. ITY NOTICE ors are the on ed Integrità Stru dynas, Roark’s methods of fa d Institution ( istical fatigue e A 03-405: alysis, Cambri od, J. Amer St oglu, In: The . W. Lu, Int. J. o esign of Fatig B. Hathaway, n, Oxford, UK materials in 93) odges Jr., M. R T. Nicholas, M wang, J. Testi . de Maré, Ex Sci., 40 (2003 . de Maré, B. E nly responsibl utturale, 14 (201 s Formulas fo atigue testing; (1966). e testing, JSM Essais de F idge Universit tar Assoc., 43 4th ISSAT In of Fatigue, 23 gue Experime M. E. Bark K (2005). mechanical d Rosenblatt, J. Mechanical o ing Eval., 26 xtremes, 2:2 ( 3) 447. Wadman, Ex le for the prin 10) 36-44; DOI: or Stress & St ; part 5: guide E S 002, Japa Fatigue, Tou ty Press, Cam 3 (1948) 109. nternational C 3 (2001) 75. ents, John Wi key, Fatigue design – anal . Am. Stat. A of Material, 38 (1998)125. (1999) 165 xtremes, 2 (20 nted material 10.3221/IGF-ESI train, 7th ed., M e to the appli an Society of ur Europe. P mbridge (1971 Conference on iley & Sons, N Testing and lysis. predicti ssoc., 48 (195 8 (2006) 1170 000) 165. included in th IS.14.04 McGraw-Hill ication of sta Mechanical E Paris La Defe 1). n Reliability a New York (19 Analysis (Th ion. preventio 53) 262. 0. his paper. l (2002). atistics, Linfor Engineers (19 fense: L’assoc and Quality i 975). heory and Pr on, 2nd ed., N rd Wood, Mi 981),. ciation Franc in Design, Se ractice), Else New York: J ilton caise eatle, evier John http://www.gruppofrattura.it http://dx.medra.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.14.04&auth=true << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /None /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Error /CompatibilityLevel 1.4 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.0000 /ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 100 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness true /PreserveHalftoneInfo false /PreserveOPIComments true /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts true /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages true /ColorImageMinResolution 300 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False /CreateJDFFile false /Description << /ARA /BGR /CHS /CHT /CZE /DAN /DEU /ESP /ETI /FRA /GRE /HEB /HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. 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