# bib

id: cord-004477-qu2o2iu1
author: Vlasova, Anastasia N.
title: Editorial: Porcine Anti-Viral Immunity
date: 2020-03-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1586
sentence: 57
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-004477-qu2o2iu1.txt
txt: txt/cord-004477-qu2o2iu1.txt
summary:
  Pigs also serve as zoonotic reservoirs for viruses transmittable to humans and other species, including influenza A virus, Nipah virus, and hepatitis E virus (1) . Since viruses can alter their genome >10 6 times faster than their mammalian hosts (4), the latter would have succumbed to microbial infection were it not for their adaptive immune system that uses somatic gene rearrangement and mutation to counter the rapid diversification of microbes.


id: cord-280924-g6062fwk
author: Hachim, Mahmood Yaseen
date: 2020-06-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2857
sentence: 93
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-280924-g6062fwk.txt
txt: txt/cord-280924-g6062fwk.txt
title:
  Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein (IFITM3) Is Upregulated Explicitly in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lung Epithelial Cells

summary:
  Interestingly valproic acid, carbon nanotubes, nickel, and tert-butylhydroperoxide were shown to upregulate IFITM3 expression while pirinixic acid, acetaminophen, and Ethinyl estradiol decreased such an expression ( Table 5) . IFITM3 polymorphisms have been linked with hospitalization and mortality during influenza virus infection (29) .


id: cord-030803-6i0e2zkd
author: Hu, Wan-Chung
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3171
sentence: 125
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-030803-6i0e2zkd.txt
txt: txt/cord-030803-6i0e2zkd.txt
title:
  A Framework of All Discovered Immunological Pathways and Their Roles for Four Specific Types of Pathogens and Hypersensitivities

summary:
  Besides the protein antigen recognized by B cells and T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells also recognize lipid antigens. TGF-beta induce alloreactive CD4+CD25-T cells to acquire regulatory cell function Antigen-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness in a chronic human helminth infection is mediated by T(h)3/T(r)1-type cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta but not by a T(h)1 to T(h)2 shift Airway memory CD4(+) T cells mediate protective immunity against emerging respiratory coronaviruses CD8+CD28-, suppressive T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus TGFbeta promotes conversion of CD16+ peripheral blood NK cells into CD16-NK cells with similarities to decidual NK cells Continuous administration of anti-interleukin 10 antibodies delays onset of autoimmunity in NZB/W F1 mice A framework of all discovered immunological pathways and their roles for four specific types of pathogens and hypersensitivities The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


id: cord-279105-e2zjxjox
author: Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin
title: Serological Approaches for COVID-19: Epidemiologic Perspective on Surveillance and Control
date: 2020-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3889
sentence: 130
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-279105-e2zjxjox.txt
txt: txt/cord-279105-e2zjxjox.txt
summary:
  SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, on the other hand, can be present as early as 4 days pio, and peak after 17 days pio (10, 11) (Figure 2) . These findings indicate that SARS-CoV-specific antibodies targeting these discontinuous regions may not be able to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 (3, 36) .


id: cord-260452-js4nr4d8
author: Yu, Junyang
date: 2017-10-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4114
sentence: 113
flesch: 16
cache: cache/cord-260452-js4nr4d8.txt
txt: txt/cord-260452-js4nr4d8.txt
title:
  Activation and Role of NACHT, LRR, and PYD Domains-Containing Protein 3 Inflammasome in RNA Viral Infection

summary:
  Viral RNA (vRNA) moleculeinduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation also comes about by post-translational priming, but involving the RIP1/caspase 8/RIP3 signaling pathway (29, 45) , which may ultimately result in the deubiquitination of NLRP3 protein by BRCC3 (46, 47) . Among the other viral proteins involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation are IAV PB1-F2 (a small protein encoded by an alternate + 1 open reading frame in the viral PB1 gene) (7) and EV71 3D protein (an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) (34) .


id: cord-003598-m2fsrwvw
author: Elbahesh, Husni
title: Response Modifiers: Tweaking the Immune Response Against Influenza A Virus
date: 2019-04-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4176
sentence: 134
flesch: 22
cache: cache/cord-003598-m2fsrwvw.txt
txt: txt/cord-003598-m2fsrwvw.txt
summary:
  Regulatory roles of c-jun in H5N1 influenza virus replication and host inflammation Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase impairs influenza virus-induced primary and secondary host gene responses and protects mice from lethal H5N1 infection The MEK-inhibitor CI-1040 displays a broad anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and provides a prolonged treatment window compared to standard of care in vivo The NF-kappaB inhibitor SC75741 protects mice against highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus Phosphoproteomic-based kinase profiling early in influenza virus infection identifies GRK2 as antiviral drug target Transient inhibition of sphingosine kinases confers protection to influenza A virus infected mice PAR1 contributes to influenza A virus pathogenicity in mice Increased survival after gemfibrozil treatment of severe mouse influenza TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells are the necessary evil of lethal influenza virus infection Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase agonists protect against lethal influenza virus challenge in mice Treating influenza infection, from now and into the future Angiopoietinlike 4 interacts with matrix proteins to modulate wound healing Role of Angptl4 in vascular permeability and inflammation H5N1 and 1918 pandemic influenza virus infection results in early and excessive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of mice Excessive neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to acute lung injury of influenza pneumonitis Viable neutrophils release mitochondrial DNA to form neutrophil extracellular traps Molecular pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection and virus-induced regulation of cytokine gene expression Relevance of signaling molecules for apoptosis induction on influenza A virus replication Role of host cytokine responses in the pathogenesis of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in mice Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend or foe? Repurposing host-based therapeutics to control coronavirus and influenza virus Repurposing of drugs as novel influenza inhibitors from clinical gene expression infection signatures Comparative influenza protein interactomes identify the role of plakophilin 2 in virus restriction Network-guided discovery of influenza virus replication host factors Cellular networks involved in the influenza virus life cycle Genetic screens for the control of influenza virus replication: from meta-analysis to drug discovery Meta-and orthogonal integration of influenza OMICs data defines a role for UBR4 in virus budding The magnitude of the T cell response to a clinically significant dose of influenza virus is regulated by TRAIL Pathogenic potential of interferon alphabeta in acute influenza infection Anticancer compound ABT-263 accelerates apoptosis in virus-infected cells and imbalances cytokine production and lowers survival rates of infected mice Antiviral properties of chemical inhibitors of cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins


id: cord-003724-705h5l06
author: Di Lullo, Giulia
title: Identification of a Novel Non-desmoglein Autoantigen in Pemphigus Vulgaris
date: 2019-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4142
sentence: 144
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-003724-705h5l06.txt
txt: txt/cord-003724-705h5l06.txt
summary:
  induced by pathogenic anti-Dsg antibodies may trigger an intermolecular epitope-spreading phenomenon resulting in an antibody response against intracellular antigens, among which α-catenin. The pathogenic role of anti-Dsg antibodies is well-established, while the mechanism of blister formation is only partly defined.


id: cord-015254-xtox2rxs
author: Li, Hao-Ling
date: 2020-03-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4521
sentence: 148
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-015254-xtox2rxs.txt
txt: txt/cord-015254-xtox2rxs.txt
title:
  C-X-C Motif Chemokine 10 Contributes to the Development of Neuropathic Pain by Increasing the Permeability of the Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier

summary:
  anti-CXCL10 antibodies group rats than in the CCI + NS group rats (p < 0.0264; n = 3, independent t-test, Figures 5B,C) . As in our previous studies, CCI group rats exhibited robust post-operative behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli, and this hypersensitivity persisted throughout the experimental period (29, 32) .


id: cord-269170-9f460xbq
author: Kaneko, Kazunari
title: Our Evolving Understanding of Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota
date: 2020-07-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4608
sentence: 149
flesch: 22
cache: cache/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt
txt: txt/cord-269170-9f460xbq.txt
summary:
  Front Pediatrics A presumed etiology of kawasaki disease based on epidemiological comparison with infectious or immune-mediated diseases The gut microbiota-host partnership as a potential driver of kawasaki syndrome Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation Short-chain fatty acids regulate cytokines and Th17/Treg cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro Butyrateproducing gut bacteria and viral infections in kidney transplant recipients: a pilot study Impact of gut colonization with butyrate-producing microbiota on respiratory viral infection following allo-HCT Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrateproducing bacteria from the human large intestine Atopic predilection among kawasaki disease patients: a crosssectional study of 1,187,757 teenagers Increased risk of atopic dermatitis in preschool children with kawasaki disease: a population-based study in taiwan Atopic diathesis in patients with kawasaki disease The role of gut microbiota in atopic asthma and allergy, implications in the understanding of disease pathogenesis Previous antibiotic use and the development of kawasaki disease: a matched-pair casecontrol study The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes Breastfeeding and risk of kawasaki disease: a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan Shaping microbiota during the first 1000 days of life We thank Edanz Group (https://en-author-services.edanzgroup. com/) for editing a draft of this manuscript. Report of the first four Italian cases Presence in kawasaki disease of antibodies to mycobacterial heat-shock protein HSP65 and autoantibodies to epitopes of human HSP65 cognate antigen Ehrlichia chaffeensis and rochalimaea antibodies in kawasaki disease Kawasaki disease in European adult associated with serological response to coxiella burneti Tropospheric winds from northeastern China carry the etiologic agent of kawasaki disease from its source to Japan Murine model of kawasaki disease induced by mannoprotein-betaglucan complex, CAWS, obtained from Candida albicans Neutrophil activation and arteritis induced by C. albicans water-soluble mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex (CAWS) CAWS administration increases the expression of interferon γ and complement factors that lead to severe vasculitis in DBA/2 mice COVID-19 and kawasaki disease in children Kawasaki-like disease: emerging complication during the COVID-19 pandemic An outbreak of severe kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study Kawasaki disease linked to COVID-19 in children Parents with a history of kawasaki disease whose child also had the same disease A genome-wide association study identifies three new risk loci for kawasaki disease Common variants in CASP3 confer susceptibility to kawasaki disease Genome-wide association study identifies FCGR2A as a susceptibility locus for kawasaki disease ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms Transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in patients with kawasaki disease Variations in ORAI1 gene associated with kawasaki disease Relationship of climate, ethnicity and socioeconomic status to kawasaki disease in San Diego county Increased kawasaki disease incidence associated with higher precipitation and lower temperatures Association of early social environment with the onset of pediatric kawasaki disease Th17-and treg-related cytokine and mRNA expression are associated with acute and resolving kawasaki disease The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell imbalance in patients with acute kawasaki disease CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in patients with kawasaki disease Infliximab regulates monocytes and regulatory T cells in kawasaki disease


id: cord-003914-ss8vdpox
author: Wang, Shenghua
date: 2019-10-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4842
sentence: 170
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-003914-ss8vdpox.txt
txt: txt/cord-003914-ss8vdpox.txt
title:
  Oral Immunization of Chickens With Recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum Vaccine Against Early ALV-J Infection

summary:
  The layer chickens (120 in total) were randomly divided into three groups: control group, recombinant L. plantarum group and natural L. plantarum group. One week after vaccination, the BW of chickens in recombinant L. plantarum group were significantly higher than control group at 49, 63, 70, 77, and 84 d (P < 0.05).


id: cord-262375-1ex2ow07
author: Qun, Sen
date: 2020-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5193
sentence: 189
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt
txt: txt/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt
title:
  Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Closely Associated With the Severity and Course of Non-mild COVID-19

summary:
  The diagnostic criteria for suspected cases of COVID-19 pneumonia included the following (4): (1) Epidemiological history included: (i) pre-onset history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other areas where local cases continue to spread, (ii) fever or respiratory symptoms in patients who were from Wuhan City or other areas with continued local spread and were exposed 14 days before onset, and (iii) a cluster or epidemiological association with COVID-19 infection; (2) the following clinical features were present: (i) fever, (ii) imaging features indicative of pneumonia, and (iii) a normal or decreased total number of white blood cells in the early stage of the disease or a reduced lymphocyte count; or (3) if there was any epidemiological history, a suspected case could be diagnosed in the presence of any two of the listed clinical manifestations. Cardiovascular disease and pulse are risk factors for COVID-19, which may suggest that cardiovascular disease has a critical impact on COVID-19 patient mortality (44) and requires more attention as a comorbidity.


id: cord-003656-7mzsaz7a
author: Wium, Martha
title: DNA Vaccines Against Mycoplasma Elicit Humoral Immune Responses in Ostriches
date: 2019-05-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5578
sentence: 215
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-003656-7mzsaz7a.txt
txt: txt/cord-003656-7mzsaz7a.txt
summary:
  Elsenburg: Western Cape Department of Agriculture Cross-protection among lethal H5N2 influenza viruses induced by DNA vaccine to the hemagglutinin Protective efficacy of DNA vaccines against duck hepatitis B virus infection Turkeys are protected from infection with Chlamydia psittaci by plasmid DNA vaccination against the major outer membrane protein DNA vaccination in the avian A DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy targeting turkey coronavirus spike protein fragment containing neutralizing epitope against infectious challenge Protection of chickens against infectious bronchitis virus with a multivalent DNA vaccine and boosting with an inactivated vaccine Induction of a protective response in ducks vaccinated with a DNA vaccine encoding engineered duck circovirus Capsid protein Sequential DNA immunization of chickens with bivalent heterologous vaccines induce highly reactive and cross-specific antibodies against influenza hemagglutinin key: cord-003656-7mzsaz7a authors: Wium, Martha; Jonker, Hester Isabella; Olivier, Adriaan Jacobus; Bellstedt, Dirk Uwe; Botes, Annelise title: DNA Vaccines Against Mycoplasma Elicit Humoral Immune Responses in Ostriches date: 2019-05-14 journal:


id: cord-265855-zf52vl11
author: Mayor-Ibarguren, Ander
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5330
sentence: 189
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt
txt: txt/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt
title:
  A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection

summary:
  However, although plasma zinc concentration moderately correlates to habitual intake, the test also has limited specificity because zinc levels are depressed during inflammatory disease states or pregnancy and increase with acute catabolic states (42) . In severe infectious diseases, CRP levels can reach 100-200 mg/L, with a much greater decrease in zinc levels (40-60%) (43) .


id: cord-267134-5gz2dotn
author: Sallenave, Jean-Michel
date: 2020-05-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5364
sentence: 140
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-267134-5gz2dotn.txt
txt: txt/cord-267134-5gz2dotn.txt
title:
  Innate Immune Signaling and Proteolytic Pathways in the Resolution or Exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19: Key Therapeutic Targets?

summary:
  A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis in an in vitro model of the human conducting airway epithelium SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets SARS-associated coronavirus transmitted from human to pig Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Tmprss2 is essential for influenza H1N1 virus pathogenesis in mice This manuscript has been released as a pre-print at OSF (100 Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients Human coronavirus: host-pathogen interaction Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis Structural insights into coronavirus entry The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furinlike cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade Type II transmembrane serine proteases Type II transmembrane serine proteases in cancer and viral infections Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium Influenza virus activating host proteases: identification, localization and inhibitors as potential therapeutics Proteasemediated enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsin-like protease SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.


id: cord-034310-izpt032p
author: Chernomordik, Fernando
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5970
sentence: 233
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-034310-izpt032p.txt
txt: txt/cord-034310-izpt032p.txt
title:
  The Role of T Cells Reactive to the Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Plaque Calcification

summary:
  Mice were then euthanized and splenocytes isolated to assess T cell response at 13 weeks of age using flow cytometry. ApoE−/− mice fed with normal chow were immunized with mCRAMP at 7, 10, and 12 weeks of age and euthanized 1 week later for assessment of T cell response.


id: cord-003378-0ozhye9q
author: Yu, Haijing
date: 2018-12-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5966
sentence: 261
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-003378-0ozhye9q.txt
txt: txt/cord-003378-0ozhye9q.txt
title:
  Clara Cell 10 kDa Protein Alleviates Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis by Inhibiting Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Expression

summary:
  The mice received CC10 protein through tail vein injection before viral infection. Furthermore, hepatic Fgl2, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression was obviously downregulated together with fibrin deposition, and hepatocyte apoptosis was reduced after administration of CC10 protein.


id: cord-030385-btf502ju
author: Sun, Zhiheng
date: 2020-07-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5878
sentence: 269
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-030385-btf502ju.txt
txt: txt/cord-030385-btf502ju.txt
title:
  17β-Estradiol Promotes Trained Immunity in Females Against Sepsis via Regulating Nucleus Translocation of RelB

summary:
  Shock Effects of gender on the severity of sepsis Sexual dimorphism in bacterial infections Gender differences in trauma, shock and sepsis Sex and severe sepsis NFkappaB is a key player in the crosstalk between inflammation and cardiovascular diseases Mutations in the estrogen receptor alpha hormone binding domain promote stem cell phenotype through notch activation in breast cancer cell lines NFkappaB affects estrogen receptor expression and activity in breast cancer through multiple mechanisms An additive interaction between the NFkappaB and estrogen receptor signalling pathways in human endometrial epithelial cells Despite inhibition of nuclear localization of NF-kappa B p65, c-Rel, and RelB, 17-beta estradiol up-regulates NF-kappa B signaling in mouse splenocytes: the potential role of Bcl-3 BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: role for non-specific protection to infection Trained immunity: a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine development Targeting SHIP-1 in myeloid cells enhances trained immunity and boosts response to infection The impact of sex hormones on BCG-induced trained immunity mTOR-and HIF-1alpha-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity Epigenetic programming of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity Increased acetylation of H3K14 in the genomic regions that encode trained immunity enzymes in lysophosphatidylcholine-activated human aortic endothelial cells-novel qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs Severe sepsis and septic shock Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care Trained immunity: a smart way to enhance innate immune defence Differential involvement of RelB in morphine-induced modulation of chemotaxis, NO, and cytokine production in murine macrophages and lymphocytes RelB regulation of chemokine expression modulates local inflammation RelB cellular regulation and transcriptional activity are regulated by p100 Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008. In order to examine the effect of estradiol on trained immunity, we decided to pre-treat the macrophage cell lines with estradiol before trained immunity model.


id: cord-003825-tkqxb1ql
author: Toman, Miroslav
date: 2019-08-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6738
sentence: 252
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-003825-tkqxb1ql.txt
txt: txt/cord-003825-tkqxb1ql.txt
title:
  Dynamics and Differences in Systemic and Local Immune Responses After Vaccination With Inactivated and Live Commercial Vaccines and Subsequent Subclinical Infection With PRRS Virus

summary:
  Vaccine Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) Inactivated and subunit vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: current status and future direction Live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: current status and future direction Comparison of different vaccination schedules for sustaining immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Modified-live PRRSV subtype 1 vaccine UNISTRAIN PRRS provides a partial clinical and virological protection upon challenge with East European subtype 3 PRRSV strain Lena Efficacy and safety of simultaneous vaccination with two modified live virus vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus types 1 and 2 in pigs Development of a broadly protective modified-live vaccine candidate against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Economic analysis of vaccination strategies for PRRS control Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination Cost of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at farm level -an economic model Significance of different types and levels of antigen-specific immunity to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in piglets Cell-mediated immune response in swine infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp Intracellular cytokine detection by flow cytometry in pigs: fixation, permeabilization and cell surface staining Assessment of the efficacy of commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines based on measurement of serologic response, frequency of gamma-IFN-producing cells and virological parameters upon challenge Comparison of serum and oral fluid antibody responses after vaccination with modified live (MLV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in PRRS endemic farms Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific IgM-IgA in oral fluid samples reveals PRRSV infection in the presence of maternal antibody Oral fluid samples used for PRRSV acclimatization program and sow performance monitoring in endemic PRRS-positive farms Ability of ELISAs to detect antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in serum of pigs after inactivated vaccination and subsequent challenge Humoral immune response and viral shedding following vaccination with modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines Long duration of immunity against a type 1 heterologous PRRS virus challenge in pigs immunised with novel PRRS MLV vaccine: a randomised controlled study New species of Torque Teno miniviruses infecting gorillas and chimpanzees Adenovirus infection in savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Issa Valley Safety and immune response after intradermal application of Porcilis PRRS in either neck or the perianal region Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus-specific Interferon-γ + T-cell responses after PRRS virus infection or vaccination with inactivated PRRS vaccine T-helper cells from naive to commited Pig that recover porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus infection develop cytotoxic CD4 + CD8 + and CD4 + CD8 − T-cells that kill virus infected cells Safety of reproductive and respire syndrome modified live virus (MLV) vaccine strains in a young pig infection model Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: a phylogenetic perspective Genomic characterization and pathogenicity of a strain of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Elimination of PRRS virus (EU-type) from farrow-to finish breeding farm by vaccination with Ingel-vac R PRRS MLV under unfavourable conditions Microbial ecology of swine farms and PRRS vaccine vaccination strategies Development and control of an acute PRRS field virus infection in an endemic PRRS breeding herd after vaccination with modified live vaccine Different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine regimes and its effect on pig immunity status at South Asia pig farms Evaluation of the effect of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) modifiedlive virus vaccine on sow reproductive performance in endemic PRRS farm Successful elimination of PRRS virus from an infected farrow-to-finish herd by vaccination By repeated sampling and simultaneous monitoring of the antibody and cell-mediated immunity and virus shedding systematically and locally, we have managed to get comprehensive information about the dynamics of the immune response after vaccination or PRRS virus infection.


id: cord-268501-z4oztgi0
author: Palatnik-de-Sousa, Clarisa B.
title: What Would Jenner and Pasteur Have Done About COVID-19 Coronavirus? The Urges of a Vaccinologist
date: 2020-08-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6333
sentence: 195
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-268501-z4oztgi0.txt
txt: txt/cord-268501-z4oztgi0.txt
summary:
  It was concluded that, the immunopathology of SARS vaccines was a consequence to a Th2 type of response to the antigen and it was avoided in vaccines that drive the response to a Th1 immunity, with or without adjuvants (53) . In fact, inactivated vaccines preserve the intact structure of the antigens and their B-cell epitopes that enable them to interact with the antibody paratopes, and promote the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies.


id: cord-004151-9815ikzg
author: Pan, Xiaocheng
date: 2020-01-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6441
sentence: 231
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-004151-9815ikzg.txt
txt: txt/cord-004151-9815ikzg.txt
title:
  Illumination of PRRSV Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes by the Three-Dimensional Structure and Peptidome of Swine Lymphocyte Antigen Class I (SLA-I)

summary:
  In our study, a novel approach was used to select PRRSV CTL epitopes, i.e., starting from a computer prediction for PRRSV peptides, followed by in vitro complex refolding with SLA-1 * 1502, the analysis of the complex crystal structure, the identification of SLA-1 * 1502-restricted potential epitopes from whole genomes of different PRRSV strains, and finally, verification of the immunogenicity of SLA-1 * 1502-restricted PRRSV epitope. However, there is limited clear and direct evidence of CTLs eliminating PRRSV infection, and more basic immune reagents, such as the tetramer of swine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I with PRRSV peptide epitope, are required to address these important issues (9) .


id: cord-253108-p3wlw5d4
author: Olson, Brian M.
title: Interleukin 35: A Key Mediator of Suppression and the Propagation of Infectious Tolerance
date: 2013-10-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7472
sentence: 198
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-253108-p3wlw5d4.txt
txt: txt/cord-253108-p3wlw5d4.txt
summary:
  The importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in balancing the effector arm of the immune system is well documented, playing a central role in preventing autoimmunity, facilitating graft tolerance following organ transplantation, and having a detrimental impact on the development of anti-tumor immunity. These suppressive responses are mediated by a myriad of cell types, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells as well as macrophages with suppressive function [such as tumor-associated macrophages (1) ], but suppressive function is most commonly associated with regulatory T cells (Tregs).


id: cord-267237-wbwlfx7q
author: Gómez-Rial, Jose
date: 2020-09-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2592
sentence: 108
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt
txt: txt/cord-267237-wbwlfx7q.txt
title:
  Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology

summary:
  Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to quantify the association between sCD14 and sCD163 concentration and other lab parameters in non-ICU patients. ng/ml in non-ICU patients.


id: cord-263141-n200x6z1
author: Zelaya, Hortensia
date: 2016-12-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8207
sentence: 265
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-263141-n200x6z1.txt
txt: txt/cord-263141-n200x6z1.txt
title:
  Respiratory Antiviral Immunity and Immunobiotics: Beneficial Effects on Inflammation-Coagulation Interaction during Influenza Virus Infection

summary:
  These observations might be helpful to propose new Influenza A penetrates host mucus by cleaving sialic acids with neuraminidase The amazing innate immune response to influenza A virus infection Critical role of constitutive type I interferon response in bronchial epithelial cell to influenza infection IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza Molecular signatures associated with Mx1-mediated resistance to highly pathogenic influenza virus infection: mechanisms of survival Regulation of IFN-alpha/beta, MxA, 2ʹ,5ʹ-oligoadenylate synthetase, and HLA gene expression in influenza A-infected human lung epithelial cells Induction of innate immunity and its perturbation by influenza viruses The intracellular sensor NLRP3 mediates key innate and healing responses to influenza A virus via the regulation of caspase-1 The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates in vivo innate immunity to influenza A virus through recognition of viral RNA Inflammasome recognition of influenza virus is essential for adaptive immune responses NKp46 O-glycan sequences that are involved in the interaction with hemagglutinin type 1 of influenza virus Recognition of viral hemagglutinins by NKp44 but not by NKp30 Immune responses to influenza virus infection Exploiting mucosal immunity for antiviral vaccines Secretory IgA possesses intrinsic modulatory properties stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses B cell responses to influenza infection and vaccination Regulating the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infection Innate sensing of the gut microbiota: modulation of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases The commensal microbiota drives immune homeostasis Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut Resurrecting the intestinal microbiota to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens Antibiotics and the intestinal microbiome: individual responses, resilience of the ecosystem, and the susceptibility to infections Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza Are similar immune mechanisms activated by the microbiota in high-risk populations (infants, elderly, immunocompromised hosts) in which respiratory viral infections are more frequent and severe?


id: cord-282336-zvc04s39
author: Choudhary, Ishita
date: 2020-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7920
sentence: 288
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-282336-zvc04s39.txt
txt: txt/cord-282336-zvc04s39.txt
title:
  Tristetraprolin Overexpression in Non-hematopoietic Cells Protects Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice

summary:
  These phenotypes were shown to be essentially completely prevented in TTP KO mice with either TNF receptor deficiency, or when TTP KO mice were treated with anti-TNF antibodies (5) . These increases were associated with an increased injury to the pulmonary vascular barrier, as depicted by the presence of red blood cells in the cytospins prepared from the BALF fluid of TTP KO mice ( Figure 1E ; right panel, black arrow) versus control LPS-challenged WT mice ( Figure 1E ; left panel).


id: cord-298458-p7rvupjo
author: Schmidt, Megan E.
title: The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections
date: 2018-04-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8972
sentence: 279
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-298458-p7rvupjo.txt
txt: txt/cord-298458-p7rvupjo.txt
summary:
  Although mice depleted of CD8 T cells exhibited elevated lung viral titers, weight loss and symptom illness scores were significantly reduced in CD8 T cell depleted mice following acute RSV infection (26) . Similar reduction in disease severity was also demonstrated following either HMPV or PVM infection of CD8 T cell depleted mice or mice genetically deficient in CD8 T cells, respectively (40, 103).


id: cord-262673-j2ot35lt
author: Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa
date: 2020-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8607
sentence: 224
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt
txt: txt/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt
title:
  Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections

summary:
  Furthermore, respiratory epithelial cells and lung macrophages are capable of secreting a broad range of chemokines like IL-8, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 Interestingly, previous studies found rapid and significant restoration of lymphocyte subsets including, NK cells, in peripheral blood in patients recovering from the initial stages of SARS infection (249) .


id: cord-003091-uvfppirt
author: Gornati, Laura
title: Dendritic Cells in the Cross Hair for the Generation of Tailored Vaccines
date: 2018-06-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9452
sentence: 266
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-003091-uvfppirt.txt
txt: txt/cord-003091-uvfppirt.txt
summary:
  Functional properties in vitro Dendritic cells display subset and tissue-specific maturation dynamics over human life Unsupervised high-dimensional analysis aligns dendritic cells across tissues and species Lymphoid organ-resident dendritic cells exhibit unique transcriptional fingerprints based on subset and site Single-cell RNA-seq reveals new types of human blood dendritic cells, monocytes, and progenitors Human lymphoid organ dendritic cell identity is predominantly dictated by ontogeny, not tissue microenvironment The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting High-dimensional phenotypic mapping of human dendritic cells reveals interindividual variation and tissue specialization Mapping the human DC lineage through the integration of high-dimensional techniques Development and function of dendritic cell subsets Characterization of resident and migratory dendritic cells in human lymph nodes Candida albicans morphology and dendritic cell subsets determine T helper cell differentiation Skin-resident murine dendritic cell subsets promote distinct and opposing antigen-specific T helper cell responses Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation CCR7 and IRF4-dependent dendritic cells regulate lymphatic collecting vessel permeability Lymph node homing of T cells and dendritic cells via afferent lymphatics Afferent lymph-derived T cells and DCs use different chemokine receptor CCR7-dependent routes for entry into the lymph node and intranodal migration Distinct dendritic cell populations sequentially present antigen to CD4 T cells and stimulate different aspects of cell-mediated immunity Migratory, and not lymphoid-resident, dendritic cells maintain peripheral self-tolerance and prevent autoimmunity via induction of iTreg cells Dendritic cells induce peripheral T cell unresponsiveness under steady state conditions in vivo Tolerogenic dendritic cells Th17 cells in mucosal immunity and tissue inflammation CD14 regulates the dendritic cell life cycle after LPS exposure through NFAT activation Dendritic cell apoptosis in the maintenance of immune tolerance Elimination of antigen-presenting cells and autoreactive T cells by Fas contributes to prevention of autoimmunity Most microbe-specific naïve CD4+ T cells produce memory cells during infection Alum: an old dog with new tricks Cutting edge: alum adjuvant stimulates inflammatory dendritic cells through activation of the NALP3 inflammasome Cutting edge: inflammasome activation by alum and alum's adjuvant effect are mediated by NLRP3 The Nlrp3 inflammasome is critical for aluminum hydroxide-mediated IL-1β secretion but dispensable for adjuvant activity DNA released from dying host cells mediates aluminum adjuvant activity Adjuvantenhanced antibody receptor signaling Alum induces innate immune responses through macrophage and mast cell sensors, but these sensors are not required for alum to act as an adjuvant for specific immunity The Syk-NFAT-IL-2 pathway in dendritic cells is required for optimal sterile immunity elicited by alum adjuvants Different human vaccine adjuvants promote distinct antigen-independent immunological signatures tailored to different pathogens Vaccine adjuvant MF59 promotes retention of unprocessed antigen in lymph node macrophage compartments and follicular dendritic cells Vaccine adjuvant MF59 promotes the intranodal differentiation of antigen-loaded and activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells The two-component adjuvant IC31 ® boosts type I interferon production of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via ligation of endosomal TLRs PEGylation of a TLR2-agonist-based vaccine delivery system improves anti gen trafficking and the magnitude of ensuing antibody and CD8+T cell responses The TLR2/6 ligand PAM2CSK4 is a Th2 polarizing adjuvant in Leishmania major and Brugia malayi murine vaccine models Defined TLR3-specific adjuvant that induces NK and CTL activation without significant cytokine production in vivo Using 3 TLR ligands as a combination adjuvant induces qualitative changes in T cell responses needed for antiviral protection in mice Up to now, vaccines against HIV have not passed phase II clinical trials due to poor protection conferred, requiring revision of delivered antigens (ags) and strategy to improve T cell response (4) .


id: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5
author: Mandl, Judith N.
title: Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance
date: 2018-09-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9488
sentence: 265
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-297790-tpjxt0w5.txt
txt: txt/cord-297790-tpjxt0w5.txt
summary:
  Given the diversity of the Chiroptera order (Figure 1) , we may simply see more bat viruses because there are so many (>1,300) species of bats (31) . Fewer studies have examined the adaptive immune system than those probing innate immune pathways, but experimental infections with bat borne viruses have demonstrated that bats generate low or absent antibody responses which often wane rapidly.


id: cord-262944-9k64f0tw
author: Parker, Elaine L.
title: Viral-Immune Cell Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy
date: 2020-10-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9825
sentence: 313
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-262944-9k64f0tw.txt
txt: txt/cord-262944-9k64f0tw.txt
summary:
  This also demonstrates that dNK cells are able to localize and target HCMV infected cells while sparing fetal derived semiallogenic trophoblast cells (80) . This study proved, through antibody mediated abrogation of the Fas ligand (FasL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) on dNK cells, that death of HCMV infected cells is not initiated by dNK cells through these death receptor-ligand pathways.


id: cord-262575-06i2nv0t
author: Caracciolo, Massimo
date: 2020-08-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2166
sentence: 97
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt
txt: txt/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt
title:
  Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

summary:
  SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high cytokine levels, including interleukin-6 and certain subsets of immune cells, in particular, NK, distinguished according to the cell surface density of CD56. The immune response, including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of T cells, are essential for controlling the viral spread, inflammation, and tissue renewal (5, 6) .


id: cord-003685-jcvrqeew
author: Gelain, Maria Elena
title: Acute Phase Proteins in Marine Mammals: State of Art, Perspectives and Challenges
date: 2019-05-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4636
sentence: 132
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-003685-jcvrqeew.txt
txt: txt/cord-003685-jcvrqeew.txt
summary:
  Some commercial SAA assays showed good results also in marine mammals, such as bottlenose dolphin, manatee and striped dolphin (Stenella ceoreloualba) Thus, the understanding of the genetic, phenotypical and biochemical properties of marine mammals APPs are essential prior to using them as a new biomarker.


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
author: Bachmann, María Consuelo
date: 2020-10-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11154
sentence: 327
flesch: 18
cache: cache/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt
txt: txt/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt
title:
  The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease

summary:
  The impact on Tregulatory cell related immune responses in rural women exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in household air pollution in Gansu, China: A pilot investigation PM 2.5 induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro Blocking IL-17A Promotes the Resolution of Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Via TGF-b1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Effects of sub-chronic exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 on fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the livers of rats Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived Effects of airborne pollutants on mitochondrial DNA Methylation Prenatal particulate air pollution and DNA methylation in newborns: An epigenomewide meta-analysis Dose-and time-effect responses of DNA methylation and histone H3K9 acetylation changes induced by traffic-related air pollution Air pollution and DNA methylation: Effects of exposure in humans Epigenetic response profiles into environmental epigenotoxicant screening and health risk assessment: A critical review Air pollution, particulate matter composition and methylation-based biologic age Air Pollution Stress and the Aging Phenotype: The Telomere Connection The effect of exposure time and concentration of airborne PM2.5 on lung injury in mice: A transcriptome analysis Facing up to the global challenges of ageing Coming of age: molecular drivers of aging and therapeutic opportunities Find the latest version: Review series introduction Coming of age: molecular drivers of aging and therapeutic opportunities Disability incidence and functional decline among older adults with major chronic diseases Quality of life assessment instruments for adults: a systematic review of population-based studies Comparative financing analysis and political economy of noncommunicable diseases The integration of inflammaging in age-related diseases Scavenger Receptor-A deficiency impairs immune response of microglia and astrocytes potentiating Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology Source of Chronic Inflammation in Aging Microglial cell dysregulation in brain aging and neurodegeneration Aging and the immune system: An overview Cellular senescence and Alzheimer disease: the egg and the chicken scenario The epigenetics of inflammaging: The contribution of age-related heterochromatin loss and locus-specific remodelling and the modulation by environmental stimuli These sex-related differences can determine the ability of immune cells to generate an effective inflammatory response, which translates into epidemiological differences on the prevalence of various pathologies, including allergies (22), asthma (23, 24), autoimmune diseases (25), anaphylaxis (26), neonatal sepsis (27), and cancer (28), among several pathologies.


id: cord-003368-f8f2utzx
author: Lutterberg, Karina
title: A Functionally Different Immune Phenotype in Cattle Is Associated With Higher Mastitis Incidence
date: 2018-12-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5059
sentence: 203
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-003368-f8f2utzx.txt
txt: txt/cord-003368-f8f2utzx.txt
summary:
  After in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood derived lymphocytes (PBL), we detected distinctly deviant expression levels of several master regulators of immune responses in BNP cells, pointing to a changed immune phenotype with severe dysregulation of immune response in BNP cows. Further studies will be needed to clarify whether immune cells from control cows differentiate to Th1 or Tr subsets and if BNP donor cows develop Tfh, Th17, or Th22 cells after immune stimulation.


id: cord-020770-wpub7krf
author: Benmamar-Badel, Anouk
date: 2020-04-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11492
sentence: 379
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-020770-wpub7krf.txt
txt: txt/cord-020770-wpub7krf.txt
title:
  Protective Microglial Subset in Development, Aging, and Disease: Lessons From Transcriptomic Studies

summary:
  This early description led the community to consider microglial cells as a homogeneous population, even though the first description of a microglial subset (satellite microglia) appeared as early as 1919 (1) . This signature includes genes such as P2ry12, Fclrs, Tmem119, Hexb, Mertk, Cx3cr1, Csf1r, etc. that have been used in numerous studies thereafter to identify microglial cells.


id: cord-268438-bjs5oliw
author: Jin, Yilin
date: 2019-12-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5084
sentence: 186
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-268438-bjs5oliw.txt
txt: txt/cord-268438-bjs5oliw.txt
title:
  Zebrafish TRIM25 Promotes Innate Immune Response to RGNNV Infection by Targeting 2CARD and RD Regions of RIG-I for K63-Linked Ubiquitination

summary:
  Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), as intracellular PRRs, composed of RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2, recognize non-self signatures of viral RNAs in the cytosol of cells. RIG-I, as an important component of RLR signaling pathway, can detect viral dsRNAs in the cytoplasm and induce type I IFN production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to suppress virus spread during virus infection (22) .


id: cord-284867-p4jgyusp
author: Schöler, Lara
date: 2020-10-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4356
sentence: 171
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-284867-p4jgyusp.txt
txt: txt/cord-284867-p4jgyusp.txt
title:
  A Novel In-Cell ELISA Assay Allows Rapid and Automated Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 to Analyze Neutralizing Antibodies and Antiviral Compounds

summary:
  In addition to its genetic similarity, SARS-CoV-2 not only shares some clinical characteristics with SARS-CoV-1 (4) but also exhibits some highly relevant particularities such as an increased spreading efficacy and the length of the course of disease (5) . However, to our knowledge, these assays rely on laborious microscopic counting of virus plaques or antibody-stained foci by trained personnel (20) (21) (22) or on genetically modified viruses such as transgenic SARS-CoV-2 mutants (23) or pseudo-typed viruses [e.g., vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)] expressing the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (24, 25) .


id: cord-267567-w39f584z
author: Pombo, Joao Palma
title: Perturbation of Intracellular Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Homeostasis During Flavivirus Infections
date: 2018-06-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4049
sentence: 120
flesch: 17
cache: cache/cord-267567-w39f584z.txt
txt: txt/cord-267567-w39f584z.txt
summary:
  Elucidating the specific alterations incurred upon virus infections would allow novel therapeutic approaches to emerge through targeted inhibition of such metabolic pathways. Different strategies can be employed to interfere with virus infection, including those involving lipid utilization; notwithstanding, it is tempting to speculate that drugs already in clinical use against cholesterol and fatty acid metabolic pathways might be repurposed to boost antiviral immunity and provide resistance to infection.


id: cord-033488-du8heorx
author: Ho, Thuong Thi
date: 2020-09-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5443
sentence: 191
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-033488-du8heorx.txt
txt: txt/cord-033488-du8heorx.txt
title:
  Plant-Derived Trimeric CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope Induced Neutralizing Antibodies Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

summary:
  One of the possible reasons for the increase in the molecular weight of COE protein is that the N-glycosylation sites located within the COE-S protein of PEDV at amino acids 511 and 533 may influence the electrophoretic behavior during the PAGE separation (16, 17) . The COE-GCN4pII protein expression level in the leaf crude extract was semi-quantified via Western blotting by comparison of the Western blot signal intensities and The COE sequence encoding the COE protein of PEDV was fused with the C-terminal trimeric motif (GCN4pII) for generating trimeric COE protein.


id: cord-257116-6td3efjw
author: Zhou, Yanrong
date: 2017-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5540
sentence: 195
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-257116-6td3efjw.txt
txt: txt/cord-257116-6td3efjw.txt
title:
  Cellular RNA Helicase DDX1 Is Involved in Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus nsp14-Induced Interferon-Beta Production

summary:
  For each immunoprecipitation, 500 µg of cell lysate protein was incubated with 2 µg of indicated antibody and 25 µl of protein A/G-agarose (Beyotime) overnight at 4°C. MAb against TGEV N protein was prepared by our laboratory.


id: cord-003545-corvd5cs
author: Li, Chen
date: 2019-03-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4535
sentence: 203
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-003545-corvd5cs.txt
txt: txt/cord-003545-corvd5cs.txt
title:
  Fish Autophagy Protein 5 Exerts Negative Regulation on Antiviral Immune Response Against Iridovirus and Nodavirus

summary:
  The amount and severity of vacuoles induced by RGNNV infection also increased in EcAtg5 overexpressing cells compared to the empty vector transfected cells. At the transcription level, the expression of SGIV MCP, ICP18, VP19, and LITAF increased in EcAtg5 overexpressing cells after SGIV infection ( Figure 5B) .


id: cord-268511-dx2cqqt5
author: Kunkl, Martina
date: 2020-10-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6394
sentence: 178
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-268511-dx2cqqt5.txt
txt: txt/cord-268511-dx2cqqt5.txt
title:
  CD28 Autonomous Signaling Orchestrates IL-22 Expression and IL-22-Regulated Epithelial Barrier Functions in Human T Lymphocytes

summary:
  We found that IL-22 gene expression and secretion was strongly up-regulated by CD28 in human CD4 + T cells. In order to verify whether CD28-induced IL-22 expression was also effective in HD and clarify the molecular basis of this activity, we performed a kinetic analysis of IL-22 gene expression by stimulating human CD4 + T cells from HD with an agonistic anti-CD28 Ab (CD28.2) binding the same epitope recognized by B7 molecules (40) or anti-CD3 (UCHT1) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Abs.


id: cord-254192-86ksgl5t
author: Li, Liang
date: 2019-10-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7276
sentence: 240
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-254192-86ksgl5t.txt
txt: txt/cord-254192-86ksgl5t.txt
title:
  IFN-Lambda 3 Mediates Antiviral Protection Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Inducing a Distinct Antiviral Transcript Profile in Porcine Intestinal Epithelia

summary:
  The IFN family is categorized into three different types: type I IFN (IFN-α/β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ). Mice with type I IFN or III IFN receptor knockout experience more severe viral intestinal infections, but Ifnl −/− mice show higher viral loads and more serious clinical symptoms than IFNAR −/− mice (17, 18) .


id: cord-268781-6l74rrlm
author: Poh, Chek Meng
title: Multiplex Screening Assay for Identifying Cytotoxic CD8(+) T Cell Epitopes
date: 2020-03-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6136
sentence: 225
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-268781-6l74rrlm.txt
txt: txt/cord-268781-6l74rrlm.txt
summary:
  This can greatly reduce the amount of starting clinical materials for a systematic screening of CD8 + T cell epitopes. The expression of IFNγ in epitope-specific CD8 + T cells has been widely used to measure cell activation and hence represents a marker to evaluate the efficacy of CD8 + T cell epitopes.


id: cord-003319-u88gznxq
author: Huang, Weishan
date: 2018-11-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6395
sentence: 166
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-003319-u88gznxq.txt
txt: txt/cord-003319-u88gznxq.txt
title:
  Beyond Type 1 Regulatory T Cells: Co-expression of LAG3 and CD49b in IL-10-Producing T Cell Lineages

summary:
  In contrast to the composition of IL-10-producing LAG3 + CD49b + T cells induced by Nb infection, in which the Foxp3 − CD4 + subset is the majority (72% in Figure 2D ), in HDM-induced allergic asthma model, the largest subset of the IL-10-producing LAG3 + CD49b + T cells in the lungs are Foxp3 + CD4 + T cells (60%), followed by Foxp3 − CD4 + T cells (32%), while CD8 + T cells are only around 1.4% (Figure 3B ). In the SR-triggered farmer's lung disease model, Foxp3 + CD4 + T cells are the majority of the IL-10producing LAG3 + CD49b + T cell subset in the lungs, however, there are similar percentages of Foxp3 − CD4 + and CD8 + T cells (16% each) (Figure 3D) .


id: cord-000647-uofygmeu
author: Stäger, Simona
title: CD8(+) T Cells in Leishmania Infections: Friends or Foes?
date: 2012-01-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6691
sentence: 197
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-000647-uofygmeu.txt
txt: txt/cord-000647-uofygmeu.txt
summary:
  In vitro stimulation to recall memory CD8 + T cells from Leishmania-infected individuals and intracellular cytokine assays for IFN-γ-producing cells confirmed that HLA A2 positive individuals that recovered from an L. major infection successfully generated CD8 + T cell responses against peptides derived from LmsTI1 and LPG-3 (Seyed et al., 2011) . CD8 + T cells play a major role in protective immunity to a wide variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites.


id: cord-026866-0hlre9i6
author: Perruzza, Lisa
date: 2020-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9391
sentence: 289
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-026866-0hlre9i6.txt
txt: txt/cord-026866-0hlre9i6.txt
title:
  Prophylactic Activity of Orally Administered FliD-Reactive Monoclonal SIgA Against Campylobacter Infection

summary:
  Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01011 sha: doc_id: 26866 cord_uid: 0hlre9i6 Campylobacter infection is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and a major global health threat due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Our work emphasizes the potential of FliD as a target for the development of vaccines and supports the concept that orally administered FliD-reactive SIgA can be developed to prevent or mitigate the severity of Campylobacter infections as well as the development of post-infection syndromes.


id: cord-032953-qy4b2l2f
author: Picard-Sánchez, Amparo
date: 2020-09-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8220
sentence: 300
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-032953-qy4b2l2f.txt
txt: txt/cord-032953-qy4b2l2f.txt
title:
  Passive Immunization Delays Disease Outcome in Gilthead Sea Bream Infected With Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa), Despite the Moderate Changes in IgM and IgT Repertoire

summary:
  Detailed repertoire analyses have helped to define fish Ig responses upon infections of different etiology (17, 23) . IgM is highly abundant in fish serum with concentrations between 800 and 9,000 µg/ml (16) .


id: cord-261367-i1n8x0uc
author: Hwang, Ji Young
date: 2020-09-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7628
sentence: 237
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-261367-i1n8x0uc.txt
txt: txt/cord-261367-i1n8x0uc.txt
title:
  Inducible Bronchus–Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT) Attenuates Pulmonary Pathology in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Disease

summary:
  To isolate lung epithelial cells, we perfused the lungs with PBS containing 0.05 mM EDTA (Lonza), instilled with 1 ml Dispase (160 µg/ml; Corning), and incubated them in a shaker at 37 • C for 15 min. Using forceps, lungs were torn into small pieces, and put back in the shaker at 37 • C for an additional 30 min in Dispase (160 µg/ml; Corning) and DNaseI (250 µg/ml; Worthington Biochemical). Lung epithelial cells were sorted with FACSAria II (BD Biosciences) located at University of Alabama at Birmingham Flow Cytometry Core Facility.


id: cord-255578-0ltb9dpa
author: Li, Xiangru
date: 2020-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6409
sentence: 296
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-255578-0ltb9dpa.txt
txt: txt/cord-255578-0ltb9dpa.txt
title:
  Deficiency of Mouse FHR-1 Homolog, FHR-E, Accelerates Sepsis, and Acute Kidney Injury Through Enhancing the LPS-Induced Alternative Complement Pathway

summary:
  The quantity of red blood cells in Cfhr1 −/− mice at 12 h after LPS challenge was dramatically lower than the wild-type mice, which indicates that much more congestion could happen in Cfhr1 deletion mice (Figure 6G) . As expected, Cfhr1 −/− mice showed more deposited C3b on LPS ( Figure 4C) .


id: cord-255034-x100xo2t
author: Theresine, Maud
title: Airway Natural Killer Cells and Bacteria in Health and Disease
date: 2020-09-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10643
sentence: 331
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-255034-x100xo2t.txt
txt: txt/cord-255034-x100xo2t.txt
summary:
  Nowadays, NK cells are considered as a strong weapon for cancer immunotherapy and can for example be transduced to express tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors or harnessed with therapeutic antibodies such as the so-called NK engagers. Whereas a large body of literature exists about the antiviral and antitumoral properties of NK cells, their potential role in bacterial infections is not that well delineated.


id: cord-265005-e6rpryrh
author: Tomasello, Elena
date: 2014-10-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18121
sentence: 594
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-265005-e6rpryrh.txt
txt: txt/cord-265005-e6rpryrh.txt
title:
  Harnessing Mechanistic Knowledge on Beneficial Versus Deleterious IFN-I Effects to Design Innovative Immunotherapies Targeting Cytokine Activity to Specific Cell Types

summary:
  Further knowledge on the functions and the dynamic regulation of ISGs is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies against viral infections aiming at modulating IFN responses to promote their protective anti-viral cell-intrinsic functions over their deleterious toxic effects. This inhibition is relieved upon cell infection through negative regulation of the function of the RNA-induced silencing complex.


id: cord-003122-a3f4l6iu
author: Dou, Dan
title: Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement
date: 2018-07-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10292
sentence: 286
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-003122-a3f4l6iu.txt
txt: txt/cord-003122-a3f4l6iu.txt
summary:
  Isolation and characterization of the signal recognition particle receptor Inefficient SRP interaction with a nascent chain triggers a mRNA quality control pathway Substratespecific translocational attenuation during ER stress defines a pre-emptive quality control pathway Solving the membrane protein folding problem X-ray structure of a protein-conducting channel Molecular code for transmembrane-helix recognition by the Sec61 translocon Polar residues and their positional context dictate the transmembrane domain interactions of influenza a neuraminidases Protein translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum The cotranslational maturation program for the type II membrane glycoprotein influenza neuraminidase N-linked carbohydrates act as lumenal maturation and quality control protein tags The number and location of glycans on influenza hemagglutinin determine folding and association with calnexin and calreticulin Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution Structure of the influenza virus glycoprotein antigen neuraminidase at 2.9 A resolution The 2009 pandemic H1N1 neuraminidase N1 lacks the 150-cavity in its active site Influenza virus M2 integral membrane protein is a homotetramer stabilized by formation of disulfide bonds Steps in maturation of influenza A virus neuraminidase Assembly of subtype 1 influenza neuraminidase is driven by both the transmembrane and head domains The influenza virus neuraminidase protein transmembrane and head domains have coevolved Influenza A viral replication is blocked by inhibition of the inositolrequiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) stress pathway Influenza induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase-12-dependent apoptosis, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated transforming growth factor-beta release in lung epithelial cells Influenza a virus host shutoff disables antiviral stress-induced translation arrest Real-time RT-qPCR assay for the analysis of human influenza A virus transcription and replication dynamics Strand-specific real-time RT-PCR for distinguishing influenza vRNA, cRNA, and mRNA Translational regulation of viral secretory proteins by the 5' coding regions and a viral RNA-binding protein The signal sequence coding region promotes nuclear export of mRNA The NS1 protein from influenza virus stimulates translation initiation by enhancing ribosome recruitment to mRNAs Major contribution of the RNA-binding domain of NS1 in the pathogenicity and replication potential of an avian H7N1 influenza virus in chickens Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI is a cellular target for NS1 protein, a translational activator of influenza virus Influenza virus NS1 protein stimulates translation of the M1 protein Influenza virus NS1 protein enhances the rate of translation initiation of viral mRNAs Influenza viruses cause hemolysis and fusion of cells Interaction of influenza virus hemagglutinin with target membrane lipids is a key step in virus-induced hemolysis and fusion at pH 5.2 Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease fur gene expression as a discriminating marker for small cell and nonsmall cell lung carcinomas Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium Proteolytic activation of the 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin Cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin in human respiratory epithelium is cell associated and sensitive to exogenous antiproteases Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin by airway proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT differs in subcellular localization and susceptibility to protease inhibitors Amantadine selection of a mutant influenza virus containing an acid-stable hemagglutinin glycoprotein: evidence for virus-specific regulation of the pH of glycoprotein transport vesicles Influenza virus M2 protein ion channel activity stabilizes the native form of fowl plague virus hemagglutinin during intracellular transport Influenza and SARS-coronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle Influenza virus assembly and budding Association of influenza virus proteins with membrane rafts Mutations at palmitylation sites of the influenza virus hemagglutinin affect virus formation Acylation-mediated membrane anchoring of avian influenza virus hemagglutinin is essential for fusion pore formation and virus infectivity S acylation of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses: mass spectrometry reveals site-specific attachment of stearic acid to a transmembrane cysteine Influenza virus hemagglutinin concentrates in lipid raft microdomains for efficient viral fusion Role of transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail amino acid sequences of influenza a virus neuraminidase in raft association and virus budding Influenza virus M2 protein mediates ESCRT-independent membrane scission Influenza virus assembly: effect of influenza virus glycoproteins on the membrane association of M1 protein Influenza virus assembly and lipid raft microdomains: a role for the cytoplasmic tails of the spike glycoproteins Identification of the domains of the influenza A virus M1 matrix protein required for NP binding, oligomerization and incorporation into virions Membrane curvature in cell biology: an integration of molecular mechanisms Influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, but not the matrix protein, are required for assembly and budding of plasmid-derived virus-like particles Formation of virus-like particles from human cell lines exclusively expressing influenza neuraminidase Budding capability of the influenza virus neuraminidase can be modulated by tetherin Structural analysis of the roles of influenza A virus membrane-associated proteins in assembly and morphology influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins Transport of incoming influenza virus nucleocapsids into the nucleus Nuclear import of microinjected influenza virus ribonucleoproteins Nuclear import of influenza virus RNA can be mediated by viral nucleoprotein and transport factors required for protein import The NPI-1/NPI-3 (karyopherin alpha) binding site on the influenza a virus nucleoprotein NP is a nonconventional nuclear localization signal An unconventional NLS is critical for the nuclear import of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein and ribonucleoprotein Ultrastructural analysis of the nuclear localization sequences on influenza A ribonucleoprotein complexes Colocalization of different influenza viral RNA segments in the cytoplasm before viral budding as shown by single-molecule sensitivity FISH analysis Influenza a virus assembly intermediates fuse in the cytoplasm Analysis of IAV replication and co-infection dynamics by a versatile RNA viral genome labeling method Differential use of importin-alpha isoforms governs cell tropism and host adaptation of influenza virus The RNA polymerase of influenza a virus: mechanisms of viral transcription and replication Structural insights into RNA synthesis by the influenza virus transcription-replication machine Interaction of the influenza a virus nucleocapsid protein with the viral RNA polymerase potentiates unprimed viral RNA replication Isolation and characterization of the positive-sense replicative intermediate of a negative-strand RNA virus Single-molecule FRET reveals the pre-initiation and initiation conformations of influenza virus promoter RNA Different de novo initiation strategies are used by influenza virus RNA polymerase on its cRNA and viral RNA promoters during viral RNA replication Genetic trans-complementation establishes a new model for influenza virus RNA transcription and replication Internal initiation of influenza virus replication of viral RNA and complementary RNA in vitro Structural insight into cap-snatching and RNA synthesis by influenza polymerase A unique cap(m7GpppXm)-dependent influenza virion endonuclease cleaves capped RNAs to generate the primers that initiate viral RNA transcription Association of the influenza A virus RNAdependent RNA polymerase with cellular RNA polymerase II RNA-free and ribonucleoproteinassociated influenza virus polymerases directly bind the serine-5-phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain of host RNA polymerase II Structural basis of an essential interaction between influenza polymerase and Pol II CTD The structural basis for cap binding by influenza virus polymerase subunit PB2


id: cord-284156-btb4oodz
author: Liu, Yiliu
title: Host and Viral Modulation of RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Immunity
date: 2017-01-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7075
sentence: 211
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-284156-btb4oodz.txt
txt: txt/cord-284156-btb4oodz.txt
summary:
  ISGF3 then translocates to the nucleus and coordinates the transcription of hundreds of ISGs including RIG-I, thus generating an amplifying loop leading to the accumulation of RIG-I during several types of infections (8) (Figure 1B ). On the other hand, some viruses encode enzymes that directly deubiquitinate RIG-I. For instance, KSHV encoded deubiquitinase ORF64 cleaves Lys63-ubiquination chains on CARDs, blocks CARDs interaction between RIG-I and MAVS, thereby downregulating RIG-I signaling (105) .


id: cord-256582-x2grfhov
author: Sung, Pei-Shan
title: CLEC2 and CLEC5A: Pathogenic Host Factors in Acute Viral Infections
date: 2019-12-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5227
sentence: 161
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-256582-x2grfhov.txt
txt: txt/cord-256582-x2grfhov.txt
summary:
  CLEC5A is critical for dengue-virus-induced lethal disease Distinct regulation of dengue virus-induced inflammasome activation in human macrophage subsets CLEC5A-mediated enhancement of the inflammatory response in myeloid cells contributes to influenza virus pathogenicity in vivo Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Platelet-neutrophilinteractions: linking hemostasis and inflammation Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity The role of platelets in the recruitment of leukocytes during vascular disease Toll-like receptors as potential therapeutic targets for multiple diseases The critical role of toll-like receptors-from microbial recognition to autoimmunity: a comprehensive review Toll-like receptor co-receptors as master regulators of the immune response Induction of type I IFNs by intracellular DNA-sensing pathways STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity Protect this house: cytosolic sensing of viruses Sensing and responding to cytosolic viruses invasions: an orchestra of kaleidoscopic ubiquitinations Cytosolic sensing of viruses Chapter 31: C-type lectins C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis DC-SIGN (CD209) mediates dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)-mediated enhancement of dengue virus infection is independent of DC-SIGN internalization signals Lectin switching during dengue virus infection DC-SIGN (CD209) The mannose receptor mediates dengue virus infection of macrophages The C-type lectin receptors CLEC-2 and Dectin-1, but not DC-SIGN, signal via a novel YXXL-dependent signaling cascade Complement-mediated neutralization of dengue virus requires mannose-binding lectin Crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of human CLEC5A (MDL-1), a dengue virus receptor CLEC5A is critical for dengue virus-induced inflammasome activation in human macrophages CLEC5A is critical for dengue virus-induced osteoclast activation and bone homeostasis CLEC5A regulates Japanese encephalitis virus-induced neuroinflammation and lethality


id: cord-259131-36udb7uc
author: Hunegnaw, Ruth
date: 2019-07-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7487
sentence: 267
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-259131-36udb7uc.txt
txt: txt/cord-259131-36udb7uc.txt
title:
  Alveolar Macrophage Dysfunction and Increased PD-1 Expression During Chronic SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques

summary:
  Here, using the SIV rhesus macaque model, we document the effect of SIV infection on the phenotypic and functional properties of AMs. These findings provide new insight into the dynamics of SIV infection leading to AM dysfunction and alteration of pulmonary innate immunity.


id: cord-001674-tp4o7fxx
author: Oliveira, Cláudia C.
title: Alternative Antigen Processing for MHC Class I: Multiple Roads Lead to Rome
date: 2015-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6641
sentence: 208
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-001674-tp4o7fxx.txt
txt: txt/cord-001674-tp4o7fxx.txt
summary:
  Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00298 sha: doc_id: 1674 cord_uid: tp4o7fxx The well described conventional antigen-processing pathway is accountable for most peptides that end up in MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. Proteasomal cleavage typically creates a peptide's C-terminus compatible with MHC class I binding, and peptides are typically extended at their N-terminus (2, 3) .


id: cord-252568-b8sbvy0g
author: Marques Neto, Lázaro Moreira
date: 2017-03-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5321
sentence: 183
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-252568-b8sbvy0g.txt
txt: txt/cord-252568-b8sbvy0g.txt
title:
  Role of Metallic Nanoparticles in Vaccinology: Implications for Infectious Disease Vaccine Development

summary:
  For example, how chemical and physical properties (including material composition, size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity) impact vaccine immune response (5) . Moreover, signals may elicit different function in neutrophils and therefore, influence the quality of T cell responses.


id: cord-298604-tn8hc6jv
author: Khawaja, Akif A.
title: Identification of a Novel HIF-1α-α(M)β(2) Integrin-NET Axis in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease
date: 2020-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8011
sentence: 302
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-298604-tn8hc6jv.txt
txt: txt/cord-298604-tn8hc6jv.txt
summary:
  Evidence of lung inflammation in unaffected family members Pharmacologic suppression of the neutrophil component of the alveolitis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Peripheral blood proteins predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Increase of lung neutrophils in hypersensitivity pneumonitis is associated with lung fibrosis Neutrophil extracellular traps promote differentiation and function of fibroblasts Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 promotes age-related organ fibrosis G-CSF and IL-8 but not GM-CSF correlate with severity of pulmonary neutrophilia in acute respiratory distress syndrome Neutrophils and acute lung injury We aimed to determine how neutrophil activation occurs in ILD and the relative importance of hypoxia.


id: cord-271419-v6dfel3l
author: Adachi, Shun
title: Commentary: Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses
date: 2020-04-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1213
sentence: 54
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-271419-v6dfel3l.txt
txt: txt/cord-271419-v6dfel3l.txt
summary:
  The type of adaptation phenomena in virus evolution is testable either in clinical medicine or in vitro evolution system. Since RNA viruses are easy to mutate and coronaviruses have high potentials for recombination, we can easily see the track of mutations and evolutions of the viruses, especially for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. RNA recombination by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with a low fidelity is widely observed and is supposed to shape current viruses by rearranging their genomes or disseminating functional modules (6) .


id: cord-303017-4zx94rm6
author: Barbieri, Antonio
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3572
sentence: 120
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt
txt: txt/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt
title:
  Can Beta-2-Adrenergic Pathway Be a New Target to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome?—Lessons Learned From Cancer

summary:
  An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib Distinct immune response in two MERS-CoV-infected patients: Can we go from bench to bedside Cell host response to infection with novel human coronavirus EMC predicts potential antivirals and important differences with SARS coronavirus IL-17 response mediates acute lung injury induced by the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Molecular mechanisms of b2-adrenergic receptor function, response, and regulation Beta-adrenergic receptors, from their discovery and characterization through their manipulation to beneficial clinical application Autoradiographic visualization of betaadrenoceptor subtypes in human lung Bidirectional role of b2-adrenergic receptor in autoimmune diseases b2-Adrenergic agonists bias TLR-2 and NOD2 activated dendritic cells towards inducing an IL-17 immune response Regulation of Differentiation and Function of Helper T Cells by Lymphocyte-Derived Catecholamines via a 1 -and b 2 -Adrenoceptors Lymphocyte-derived catecholamines induce a shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization Stress-induced alterations in interferon production and class II histocompatibility antigen expression Nondegradative role of Atg5-Atg12/Atg16L1 autophagy protein complex in antiviral activity of interferon gamma Type I and Type II Interferons Inhibit the Translation of Murine Norovirus Proteins Identification of interferon-g, as the lymphokine that activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity Enhancement of mouse natural killer cell activity by type II interferon Gammainterferon is one of several direct B cell-maturing lymphokines Distinct Requirements for IFNs and STAT1 in NK Cell Function ILC1 Confer Early Host Protection at Initial Sites of Viral Infection Long acting propranolol and HSP-70 rich tumor lysate reduce tumor growth and enhance immune response against fibrosarcoma in Balb/c mice Propranolol attenuates hemorrhage and accelerates wound healing in severely burned adults Propranolol for disruptive behaviors in nursing home residents with probable or possible Alzheimer disease: A placebo-controlled study Propranolol treatment of assaultive patients with organic brain disease: A double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled study Perioperative inhibition of b-adrenergic and COX2 signaling in a clinical trial in breast cancer patients improves tumor Ki-67 expression, serum cytokine levels, and PBMCs transcriptome Propranolol Attenuates Surgical Stress-Induced Elevation of the Regulatory T Cell Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Mastectomy Perioperative COX-2 and b-Adrenergic Blockade Improves Metastatic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients in a Phase-II Randomized Trial Effect of b-blockers on platelet aggregation: A systematic review and meta-analysis The effects of aspirin and nonselective beta blockade on the acute prothrombotic response to psychosocial stress in apparently healthy subjects Beta-receptor blockade decreases elevated plasma levels of factor VIII: C in patients with deep vein thrombosis Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in chronic stress-promoted tumour growth The stress hormone norepinephrine increases migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice Anti-IL6R role in treatment of COVID-19-related ARDS Propranolol and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy b-Adrenergic receptors (b-AR) regulate VEGF and IL-6 production by divergent pathways in high b-AR-expressing breast cancer cell lines Norepinephrine and adenosine-5'-triphosphate synergize in inducing IL-6 production by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells Norepinephrine upregulates VEGF, IL-8, and IL-6 expression in human melanoma tumor cell lines: Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options The emerging novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: The knowns and unknowns Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.


id: cord-273277-4ewvwg4o
author: Rudd, Christopher E.
date: 2020-06-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2215
sentence: 79
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-273277-4ewvwg4o.txt
txt: txt/cord-273277-4ewvwg4o.txt
title:
  GSK-3 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach Against SARs CoV2: Dual Benefit of Inhibiting Viral Replication While Potentiating the Immune Response

summary:
  This is based on two key observations, that GSK-3 inhibitors can simultaneously block SARs viral replication, while boosting CD8+ adaptive T-cell and innate natural killer (NK) responses. This is based on two key observations, that GSK-3 inhibitors can simultaneously block SARs viral replication, while boosting CD8+ adaptive T-cell and innate natural killer (NK) responses.


id: cord-291941-9a4tt4f7
author: Barber-Axthelm, Isaac M.
date: 2020-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5277
sentence: 178
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-291941-9a4tt4f7.txt
txt: txt/cord-291941-9a4tt4f7.txt
title:
  Understanding the Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cells in Non-human Primate Models of HIV Infection

summary:
  NHPs also maintain MAIT cell frequencies more comparable to humans, compared to other common animal models, and provide a unique opportunity to study MAIT cells in the circulation and mucosal tissues in a longitudinal manner. Mice carry a functional MR1 gene but have a relatively low abundance of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood (median: 0.1%) necessitating the generation of transgenic mice expressing an invariant mVα19-Jα33 TCRα to increase MAIT cell frequencies (15, 16) , or the boosting of tissue MAIT cell frequencies by administration of antigen and TLR agonists (17) .


id: cord-274557-2071770h
author: Späth, Peter J.
title: On the Dark Side of Therapies with Immunoglobulin Concentrates: The Adverse Events
date: 2015-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10245
sentence: 326
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-274557-2071770h.txt
txt: txt/cord-274557-2071770h.txt
summary:
  Epidemic hepatitis B caused by commercial human immunoglobulin Intravenous administration of human γ-globulin Adverse reactions following administration of human gamma-globulin IgG antibodies to IgA in two patients with hypogammaglobulinemia treated with commercial gammaglobulin Contact-activated factors: contaminants of immunoglobulin preparations with coagulant and vasoactive properties Fatal thrombotic events during treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous immunoglobulin in elderly patients Effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on blood rheology Pathogen safety of immunoglobulin preparations Population screening for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease using a novel blood test: diagnostic accuracy and feasibility study Intravenous immunoglobulin: exploiting the potential of natural antibodies Inherent specificities in natural antibodies: a key to immune defense against pathogen invasion The natural human IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibody recognizes a conformational IgG1 hinge epitope Stimulation of complement amplification by F(ab') 2 -containing immune complexes and naturally occurring anti-hinge antibodies -possible role in systemic inflammation Natural autoantibodies to Fcγ receptors in intravenous immunoglobulins Multi-faceted role of naturally occurring autoantibodies in fighting pathogens Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin Intravenous immunoglobulin: an update on the clinical use and mechanisms of action Demonstration of a thrombocytopenic factor in the blood of patients with thrombocytopenic purpura High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood Concurrent presence of agonistic and antagonistic anti-CD95 autoantibodies in intravenous Ig preparations A differential concentration-dependent effect of IVIg on neutrophil functions: Relevance for anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory mechanisms Verträglichkeit und Virussicherheit von intravenösen Immunglobulinen Occurrence of hemolytic reactions (HRS) on the same day as immune globulin (IG) product administrations during Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis associated with subcutaneous immunoglobulin injection and oral contraceptive use Multiple immunoglobulin intolerance without antibody's anti-immunoglobulin A: a case report Common variable immunodeficiency: a patient with anaphylaxis to intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin Prospective study on CVID patients with adverse reactions to intravenous or subcutaneous IgG administration Severe adverse reaction to subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency Evaluation of the relationship between injection site reaction rate and SCIg doses in patients with primary immunodeficiencies Immunthemotherapy: A Guide to Immunoglobulin Prophylaxis and Therapy Prophylactic infusions with an unmodified intravenous immunoglobullin product causing few side-effects in patients with antibody deficiency syndromes The role of anti-IgA antibodies in causing adverse reactions to gamma globulin infusion in immunodeficient patients: a comprehensive review of the literature Prevalence of immunoglobulin a deficiency (IgAD) in Shanghai blood donors and efforts to establish a rare blood bank of IgAD in Shanghai Hammarström L, Persson MAA, Smith CIE. The complement-mediated AEs were considered to be caused by aggregates in the product (spontaneous complement activation or anti-complementary activity or ACA) or by in vivo formation of immune complexes (ICs, patient's condition related; e.g., subclinical infections or the unnoticed presence of anti-IgA antibodies) and therefore only IgG concentrates with low or absent ACA is accepted by authorities for human use.


id: cord-278081-tk7vn1v1
author: Brooks, Wesley H.
title: Viral Impact in Autoimmune Diseases: Expanding the “X Chromosome–Nucleolus Nexus” Hypothesis
date: 2017-11-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9826
sentence: 332
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-278081-tk7vn1v1.txt
txt: txt/cord-278081-tk7vn1v1.txt
summary:
  In addition, CDK1 cyclin kinases have a key role in controlling nucleoli during cell cycling, and centromere complexes are generated in the nucleolus giving further importance to nucleoli in cell cycling. F1000Prime Rep The nucleolus: structure/function relationship in RNA metabolism Nucleolus and nuclear periphery: velcro for heterochromatin Proteins of the nucleolus: an introduction The nucleolus -guardian of cellular homeostasis and genome integrity Crosstalk between the nucleolus and the DNA damage response Nucleolar DNA: the host and guests Perinucleolar targeting of the inactive X during S phase: evidence for a role in the maintenance of silencing Regulation of Epstein-Barr virus latency type by the chromatin boundary factor CTCF Alu element-containing RNAs maintain nucleolar structure and function The nucleolus under stress The multifunctional nucleolus NOPdb: nucleolar proteome database-2008 update Role of polyamine in the regulation of RNA synthesis in uterine nucleoli Assembly and disassembly of the nucleolus during the cell cycle Structure of the p53 binding domain of HAUSP/USP7 bound to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 implications for EBV-mediated immortalization Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome The proto-oncogene c-myc is a direct target of gene of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 Epstein-Barr virus induces cellular transcription factors to allow active expression of EBER genes by RNA polymerase III Direct activation of RNA polymerase III transcription by c-Myc c-Myc binds to human ribosomal DNA and stimulates transcription of rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I An overview of MYC and its interactome Autoimmune diseases and polyamines The ornithine decarboxylase gene is a transcriptional target of c-Myc c-Myc targets genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis, and metabolism Targeting ornithine decarboxylase in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis prevents tumor formation Ultrastructural changes in vitro of rat liver nucleoli in response to polyamines Relationship between polyamine accumulation and RNA biosynthesis and content during the cell cycle RNA viruses: hijacking the dynamic nucleolus Modifications of both selectivity factor and upstream binding factor contribute to poliovirus-mediated inhibition of RNA polymerase I transcription Viruses and the nucleolus: the fatal attraction Virus infection induces redistribution and membrane localization of the nuclear antigen La (SS-B): a possible mechanism for autoimmunity X chromosome inactivation and autoimmunity Nucleolin: the most abundant multifunctional phosphoprotein of nucleolus Nucleophosmin: from structure and function to disease development Increased polyamines alter chromatin and stabilize autoantigens in autoimmune diseases Noncoding RNAs and epigenetic mechanisms during X-chromosome inactivation X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females Intense correlation between protein-conjugated acrolein and primary Sjogren's syndrome Recent insights into the regulation of X-chromosome inactivation LINE-mediated retrotransposition of marked Alu sequences Plasma DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus Post-translational modifications, subcellular relocation and release in apoptotic microparticles: apoptosis turns nuclear proteins into autoantigens cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity STING: infection, inflammation and cancer Autoantibodies in patients with Alzheimer's disease: pathogenetic role and potential use as biomarkers of disease progression Brain polyamine levels are altered in Alzheimer's disease Polyamines in frontal cortex of patients with Downs syndrome and Frontiers in Immunology | www Alzheimer disease Acrolein is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain and is toxic to primary hippocampal cultures Brain S-adenosylmethionine levels are severely decreased in Alzheimer's disease Endogenous polyamines reduce the toxicity of soluble Aβ peptide aggregates associated with Alzheier's disease Nucleolar PARP1 expression is decreased in Alzheimer's disease: consequences for epigenetic regulation of rDNA and cognition The disappearing Barr body in breast and ovarian cancers Triple-negative breast cancer Epigenetic connections between autoimmune disorders and haematological malignancies Cancer risk in systemic lupus: an updated international multi-centre cohort study Systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune diseases are antigen-driven epigenetic diseases Autoimmune disorders result from loss of epigenetic control following chromosome damage Rare X chromosome abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome


id: cord-288496-7rrh2gg6
author: Stryhn, Anette
title: A Systematic, Unbiased Mapping of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T Cell Epitopes in Yellow Fever Vaccinees
date: 2020-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 15253
sentence: 491
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-288496-7rrh2gg6.txt
txt: txt/cord-288496-7rrh2gg6.txt
summary:
  This suggests that CD4 + T cell epitopes are more numerous than CD8 + T cell epitopes, perhaps as much as 2-3 times greater. Our T cell epitope discovery approach uses a combination of (1) overlapping peptides representing the entire Yellow Fever virus proteome to search for peptides containing CD4 + and/or CD8 + T cell epitopes, (2) predictors of peptide-HLA binding to suggest epitopes and their restricting HLA allotypes, (3) generation of peptide-HLA tetramers to identify T cell epitopes, and (4) analysis of ex vivo T cell responses to validate the same.


id: cord-267166-ecmayzr6
author: Savarin, Carine
date: 2018-06-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7749
sentence: 285
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-267166-ecmayzr6.txt
txt: txt/cord-267166-ecmayzr6.txt
title:
  Distinct Gene Profiles of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and Microglia During Neurotropic Coronavirus-Induced Demyelination

summary:
  While altered microglia gene expression coincided with the time of early, yet robust demyelination, it remains to be determined whether these changes are sustained at later time points during JHMV persistence, when clinical disease improves and remyelination occurs. Finally, a wide variety of upregulated gene transcripts are associated with MHC class II antigen presentation and modulation of T cell function.


id: cord-275779-ocbygkyb
author: Ye, Zi-Wei
date: 2017-03-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5468
sentence: 189
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-275779-ocbygkyb.txt
txt: txt/cord-275779-ocbygkyb.txt
title:
  Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Epitopes on the Hemagglutinin Head Region of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Play Detrimental Roles in H1N1-Infected Mice

summary:
  inTrODUcTiOn Influenza viruses, as one of the major zoonotic pathogens, have continuously caused global health concerns due to their high propensity for unpredictable genetic mutation in major surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA), and neuramindase. Neutralizing antibodies have traditionally been thought to provide protection against influenza viruses.


id: cord-268483-joiajgs4
author: Shah, Vibhuti Kumar
title: Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10674
sentence: 311
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt
txt: txt/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt
summary:
  A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for covid-19 Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Cinanserin is an inhibitor of the 3c-like proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and strongly reduces virus replication in vitro Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids Diarylheptanoids from Alnus japonica inhibit papain-like protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 Feasibility of using convalescent plasma immunotherapy for MERS-CoV infection, Saudi Arabia Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Available online at SARS vaccines: where are we? Neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus spike is highly effective for the protection of mice in the murine SARS model SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus: application of monoclonal antibodies and development of an effective vaccine Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Effects of toll-like receptor stimulation on eosinophilic infiltration in lungs of BALB/c mice immunized with UV-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus vaccine Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection Identification of human single-domain antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: immunogenicity and rapid translational development SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Mast cells contribute to coronavirus-induced inflammation: new anti-inflammatory strategy Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan A phase 3, single-arm, prospective study of remestemcel-l, ex vivo culture-expanded adult human mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of pediatric patients who failed to respond to steroid treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease Remestemcel-L: Human mesenchymal stem cells as an emerging therapy for Crohn's disease Transplantation of ACE2-mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness | Coronavirus | COVID-19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in lung tissue Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Vulnerability of children with COVID-19 infection and ACE2 profiles in lungs Possible causes for decreased susceptibility of children to coronavirus Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and canadian pediatric intensive care units Outbreak of Kawasaki disease in children during COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective observational Features of COVID-19 post-infectious cytokine release syndrome in children presenting to the emergency department Links between innate and adaptive immunity via type I interferon Interferon and cytokine responses to SARScoronavirus infection SARS-CoV regulates immune function-related gene expression in human monocytic cells Profiles of antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus recombinant proteins and their potential use as diagnostic markers Early detection of antibodies against various structural proteins of the SARSassociated coronavirus in SARS patients Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses : challenges and pitfalls Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus T cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in humans Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2 : an observational cohort study Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Viral kinetics and antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 Protective humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 Medical countermeasures analysis of 2019-nCoV and vaccine risks for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS coronavirus infection and its role in the pathogenesis of SARS Molecular mechanism for antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus entry Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine Novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: a featured HLA-A * 2402-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with severe acute respiratory syndrome in the Vietnamese population Epidemiological and genetic correlates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the hospital with the highest nosocomial infection rate in Taiwan in 2003 Humanleukocyte antigen class


id: cord-278839-uu2wlpmp
author: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley
title: Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19
date: 2020-07-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7256
sentence: 221
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt
txt: txt/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt
summary:
  retrospective cohort study Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China First case of neonatal infection due to COVID 19 in Spain COVID-19 vaginal delivery-a case report Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: a case series COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate COVID-19 Infection in First Trimester of Pregnancy Marked by a Liver Cytolysis: A Case Report Evidence of mother-to-newborn infection with COVID-19 Maternal death due to COVID-19 Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records Testicular effects following in utero exposure to the antivirals acyclovir and ganciclovir in rats Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Interleukin-2 receptor serum concentrations in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia The involvement of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage Abnormal IL-2 receptor levels in non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage IL-7/IL-7R signaling pathway might play a role in recurrent pregnancy losses by increasing inflammatory Th17 cells and decreasing Treg cells Association of tumor necrosis factoralpha 308G/A polymorphism with recurrent miscarriages in women Human tumour necrosis factor: physiological and pathological roles in placenta and endometrium Tumor necrosis factor-α and pregnancy complications: a prospective study Placental TNF-α signaling in illness-induced complications of pregnancy Programming of fetal insulin resistance in pregnancies with maternal obesity by ER stress and inflammation TNF-alpha is a predictor of insulin resistance in human pregnancy Maternal circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis Prenatal immune challenge affects growth, behavior, and brain dopamine in offspring In utero exposure to virus infections and the risk of developing anorexia nervosa Maternal infection: window on neuroimmune interactions in fetal brain development and mental illness Prenatal exposure to maternal infection alters cytokine expression in the placenta, amniotic fluid, fetal brain Prenatal LPS-exposurea neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia-differentially affects cognitive functions, myelination and parvalbumin expression in male and female offspring Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure promotes dyslipidemia in the male offspring rats Prenatal viral exposure followed by adult stress produces glucose intolerance in a mouse model Prenatal initiation of endotoxin airway exposure prevents subsequent allergeninduced sensitization and airway inflammation in mice Thrown off balance: the effect of antenatal inflammation on the developing lung and immune system Maternal stress during pregnancy increases neonatal allergy susceptibility: role of glucocorticoids Hertz-Picciotto I. Is maternal influenza or fever during pregnancy associated with autism or developmental delays? Although there is little knowledge about placental findings associated with the common coronaviruses, Ng et al. reported placental pathology in seven women with SARS infection in Hong Kong (43) .


id: cord-284409-xiyeceib
author: Prabakaran, Ponraj
date: 2014-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5279
sentence: 157
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-284409-xiyeceib.txt
txt: txt/cord-284409-xiyeceib.txt
title:
  The Antibody Germline/Maturation Hypothesis, Elicitation of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against HIV-1 and Cord Blood IgM Repertoires

summary:
  We have further hypothesized that the immunogenicity of highly conserved epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) may be reduced or eliminated by their very weak or absent interactions with germline antibodies and immune responses leading to the elicitation of bnAbs may not be initiated and/or sustained. This led us to the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of the highly conserved epitopes on the HIV-1 native envelope glycoproteins (Envs) is reduced or eliminated by their very weak or absent interactions with germline antibodies, which could not initiate and/or sustain immune responses leading to elicitation of bnAbs: even if immune responses are initiated and sustained, the maturation pathways are so complex that help and long times may be needed for their elicitation.


id: cord-269222-g2ibmo75
author: Valenti, Piera
title: Role of Lactobacilli and Lactoferrin in the Mucosal Cervicovaginal Defense
date: 2018-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9646
sentence: 311
flesch: 19
cache: cache/cord-269222-g2ibmo75.txt
txt: txt/cord-269222-g2ibmo75.txt
summary:
  Lactobacilli exert their protective effects by several mechanisms: (i) microbial competition for the nutrients and for adherence to the vaginal epithelium; (ii) reduction of the vaginal pH by the production of organic acids, especially lactic acid, through the degradation of glycogen released by vaginal cells thus exerting selective antimicrobial activity against non-resident microbiota; (iii) production of antimicrobial substances, such as bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) able to suppress the growth of several microorganisms; and (iv) modulation of the local immune system (16) . Daily temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota before, during and after episodes of bacterial vaginosis Vaginal microbiota of adolescent girls prior to the onset of menarche resemble those of reproductive-age women A metagenomic approach to characterization of the vaginal microbiome signature in pregnancy Pregnancy's stronghold on the vaginal microbiome Vaginal microbiome and epithelial gene array in post-menopausal women with moderate to severe dryness Prevalent and incident bacterial vaginosis are associated with sexual and contraceptive behaviours in young Australian women Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is significantly associated with posttreatment sexual activities and hormonal contraceptive use Hormonal contraception decreases bacterial vaginosis but oral contraception may increase candidiasis: implications for HIV transmission Changes in vaginal community state types reflect major shifts in the microbiome Cervicovaginal bacteria are a major modulator of host inflammatory responses in the female genital tract Association between injectable progestin-only contraceptives and HIV acquisition and HIV target cell frequency in the female genital tract in South African women: a prospective cohort study Hormonal contraceptive use modulates the local inflammatory response to bacterial vaginosis Injectable progestin-only contraception is associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the female genital tract Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition: reanalysis using marginal structural modeling Cervical inflammation and immunity associated with hormonal contraception, pregnancy, and HIV-1 seroconversion Estrogen regulation of lactoferrin expression in human endometrium Lactoferrin gene expression and regulation: an overview Lactoferrin: the path from protein to gene Regulation of mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: the role of sex hormones in immune protection against sexually transmitted pathogens Differential expression and estrogen response of lactoferrin gene in the female reproductive tract of mouse, rat, and hamster Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the female reproductive tract of the rat: influence of progesterone on infectivity and immune response Antigen-presenting cells in the female reproductive tract: influence of estradiol on antigen presentation by vaginal cells The complex role of estrogens in inflammation Immunoendocrine mechanisms associated with resistance or susceptibility to parasitic diseases during pregnancy A new strategy to understand how HIV infects women: identification of a window of vulnerability during the menstrual cycle Bone health in menopausal women: a role for general practitioners.


id: cord-313117-0qur0isb
author: Gardinassi, Luiz G.
title: Immune and Metabolic Signatures of COVID-19 Revealed by Transcriptomics Data Reuse
date: 2020-06-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3566
sentence: 121
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt
txt: txt/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt
summary:
  Front Immunol Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients A dynamic immune response shapes COVID-19 progression Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19 Heightened innate immune responses in the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data Expanding the immunology toolbox: embracing public-data reuse and crowdsourcing Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Plasticity and virus specificity of the airway epithelial cell immune response during respiratory virus infection Gene expression patterns in blood leukocytes discriminate patients with acute infections Aberrant cell cycle and apoptotic changes characterise severe influenza To address such issues, recent studies have reported transcriptomic profiles of cells, tissues and fluids from COVID-19 patients that mainly demonstrated activation of humoral immunity, dysregulated type I and III interferon expression, intense innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling.


id: cord-263433-oldy0gta
author: Barriocanal, Marina
date: 2015-01-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8780
sentence: 344
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-263433-oldy0gta.txt
txt: txt/cord-263433-oldy0gta.txt
title:
  Long Non-Coding RNA BST2/BISPR is Induced by IFN and Regulates the Expression of the Antiviral Factor Tetherin

summary:
  The proteomics identifications (PRIDE) database and associated tools: status in 2013 Global mapping of translation initiation sites in mammalian cells at single-nucleotide resolution Identification of small ORFs in vertebrates using ribosome footprinting and evolutionary conservation Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes Quantification of different human alpha interferon subtypes and pegylated interferon activities by measuring MxA promoter activation Influenza A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus infection in epithelial cells by alpha interferon-induced soluble secreted proteins An abundance of bidirectional promoters in the human genome Complex Loci in human and mouse genomes Identification of a member of the interferon regulatory factor family that binds to the interferonstimulated response element and activates expression of interferon-induced genes Comparison of microarrays and RNA-seq for gene expression analyses of dose-response experiments Large scale comparison of gene expression levels by microarrays and RNAseq using TCGA data Transcription factor binding and modified histones in human bidirectional promoters Systematic analysis of headto-head gene organization: evolutionary conservation and potential biological relevance Bidirectional gene organization: a common architectural feature of the human genome Expression of the murine RanBP1 and Htf9-c genes is regulated from a shared bidirectional promoter during cell cycle progression Divergent transcription is associated with promoters of transcriptional regulators Functional consequences of bidirectional promoters Induced ncR-NAs allosterically modify RNA-binding proteins in cis to inhibit transcription Antisense expression increases gene expression variability and locus interdependency Tetherin inhibits HIV-1 release by directly tethering virions to cells BST-2/tetherin: structural biology, viral antagonism, and immunobiology of a potent host antiviral factor Intrinsic cellular defenses against human immunodeficiency viruses BST-2 expression in human hepatocytes is inducible by all three types of interferons and restricts production of hepatitis C virus Mechanism of HIV-1 virion entrapment by tetherin BST2/Tetherin inhibits hepatitis C virus production in human hepatoma cells Vpu binds directly to tetherin and displaces it from nascent virions Influenza virus partially counteracts restriction imposed by tetherin/BST-2 Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu Interferoninduced cell membrane proteins, IFITM3 and tetherin, inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus infection via distinct mechanisms Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus Interferon type I gene expression in chronic hepatitis C Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C Intrahepatic gene expression during chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees Hepatitis C virus controls interferon production through PKR activation Hepatitis C virus blocks interferon effector function by inducing protein kinase R phosphorylation Interferon-induced ISG15 pathway: an ongoing virus-host battle The antiviral activities of ISG15 Positive regulation of interferon regulatory factor 3 activation by Herc5 via ISG15 modification The interferon stimulated gene 15 functions as a proviral factor for the hepatitis C virus and as a regulator of the IFN response IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses ISG15, a ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene, promotes hepatitis C virus production in vitro: implications for chronic infection and response to treatment Negative feedback regulation of RIG-Imediated antiviral signaling by interferon-induced ISG15 conjugation The antiviral protein viperin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via interaction with nonstructural protein 5A Regulation of Interferon-stimulated gene BST2 by a lncRNA transcribed from a shared bidirectional promoter Barriocanal contributed to the writing of the manuscript; Victor Segura was in charge of all the bioinformatic analyses; and Puri Fortes conceived the project and the required experiments, provided the budget, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. The NeST long ncRNA controls microbial susceptibility and epigenetic activation of the interferon-gamma locus Cutting edge: influence of Tmevpg1, a long intergenic noncoding RNA, on the expression of Ifng by Th1 cells An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome The rise of regulatory RNA Human cancer long non-coding RNA transcriptomes Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain Landscape of transcription in human cells Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a Control of alternative splicing through siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta-secretase Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor gene p15 by its antisense RNA Long noncoding RNAs: fresh perspectives into the RNA world Thermodynamic instability of siRNA duplex is a prerequisite for dependable prediction of siRNA activities Comparison of approaches for rational siRNA design leading to a new efficient and transparent method Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome Adenovirus VA RNA-derived miRNAs target cellular genes involved in cell growth, gene expression and DNA repair Induction and evasion of type I interferon responses by influenza viruses


id: cord-305936-tdswzj7r
author: Freitas, André Ricardo Ribas
date: 2018-01-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4346
sentence: 144
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-305936-tdswzj7r.txt
txt: txt/cord-305936-tdswzj7r.txt
title:
  Excess of Mortality in Adults and Elderly and Circulation of Subtypes of Influenza Virus in Southern Brazil

summary:
  Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Influenza and the winter increase in mortality in the United States, 1959-1999 Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions Epidemiology of seasonal influenza: use of surveillance data and statistical models to estimate the burden of disease Influenza-related hospitalizations among children in Hong Kong Trends in mortality from respiratory diseases among the elderly and the influenza vaccine intervention Mortality associated with influenza in tropics, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011: the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods Influenza-related deaths -available methods for estimating numbers and detecting patterns for seasonal and pandemic influenza in Europe Excess mortality associated with influenza epidemics in Portugal Time series methods for obtaining excess mortality attributable to influenza epidemics Influenza associated mortality in the subtropics and tropics: results from three Asian cities Influenza in tropical regions Seasonality of influenza in Brazil: a traveling wave from the Amazon to the subtropics Methods for current statistical analysis of excess pneumonia-influenza deaths Impact of influenza vaccination on seasonal mortality in the US elderly population Influenza-related mortality in Spain Is influenza-like illness a useful concept and an appropriate test of influenza vaccine effectiveness? Estimates of US influenza-associated deaths made using four different methods Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States Role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in protection from influenza disease after immunization of healthy elderly Mortality burden of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in France: comparison to seasonal influenza and the A/H3N2 pandemic The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses Comparing clinical characteristics between hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and B virus infection Trends in mortality from respiratory disease in Latin America since 1998 and the impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study T cell mediated immunity to influenza: mechanisms of viral control T-cell immunity to influenza in older adults: a pathophysiological framework for development of more effective vaccines A question of self-preservation: immunopathology in influenza virus infection Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia Influenza as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular disease: a systematic review Acute respiratory tract infections: a potential trigger for the acute coronary syndrome Influenza and atherosclerosis: vaccination for cardiovascular disease prevention Multiple immunological abnormalities in patients with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus Use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in people with diabetes Mortality attributable to influenza in England and Wales prior to, during and after the 2009 pandemic Risk factors for severe outcomes following 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection: a global pooled analysis Pandemic H1N1 influenza in Brazil: analysis of the first 34,506 notified cases of influenza-like illness with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) Pandemic versus epidemic influenza mortality: a pattern of changing age distribution Epidemiology of influenza and its control Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus Cytokine and chemokine profiles in lung tissues from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): role of the host immune response in pathogenesis Crossreactive antibody responses to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus The evolution of human influenza A viruses from 1999 to 2006: a complete genome study Molecular evolution of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Asia and Europe from 2001 to Molecular characterization of influenza viruses collected from young children in Uberlandia, Brazil-from Virus influenza detectados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul durante Center for Disease Control and Prevention.


id: cord-259748-x7dq1sy4
author: Wan, Dongshan
title: Research Advances in How the cGAS-STING Pathway Controls the Cellular Inflammatory Response
date: 2020-04-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14188
sentence: 445
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-259748-x7dq1sy4.txt
txt: txt/cord-259748-x7dq1sy4.txt
summary:
  As innate immune cells, DCs have essential roles in antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and priming the adaptive response of immune cells (176) . Subsequently, it was found that some DNA sensors can facilitate STING activation, such as interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) (7) .


id: cord-312074-0nqmjdek
author: Zhong, Jixin
title: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Regulation of SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
date: 2015-09-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5446
sentence: 158
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-312074-0nqmjdek.txt
txt: txt/cord-312074-0nqmjdek.txt
summary:
  CXCR4 is expressed on a range of progenitor cells (including hematopoietic, endothelial, and CSCs) and thus is important for cell migration and organ development during embryogenesis (39, 40, 47) . When combined with G-CSF, AMD3100 synergistically augments mobilization of progenitor cells, with increased in vitro migration to SDF-1 gradients and facilitates repopulation of transplanted non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice (55) .


id: cord-304623-j9ay4jkf
author: Entrican, Gary
title: The Veterinary Immunological Toolbox: Past, Present, and Future
date: 2020-07-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5544
sentence: 188
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-304623-j9ay4jkf.txt
txt: txt/cord-304623-j9ay4jkf.txt
summary:
  Various approaches have been taken to veterinary immunological reagent development across the globe and technological advances in molecular biology and protein biochemistry have accelerated toolbox development. A major step-change in the way veterinary immunological reagent development was supported came with the inception of a UK Immunological Toolbox funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD) in 2003.


id: cord-295416-y3lvcjqd
author: Eichinger, Katherine M.
date: 2020-07-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9471
sentence: 333
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-295416-y3lvcjqd.txt
txt: txt/cord-295416-y3lvcjqd.txt
title:
  Prefusion RSV F Immunization Elicits Th2-Mediated Lung Pathology in Mice When Formulated With a Th2 (but Not a Th1/Th2-Balanced) Adjuvant Despite Complete Viral Protection

summary:
  Taken together, these data indicate that RSV PreF immunization formulated with Th1-skewing adjuvants, like Advax-SM, provide protection against RSV infection in naïve BALB/c mice as compared to alum by inhibiting viral replication without eliciting enhanced pulmonary pathology. Earlier work found that higher titers of neutralizing antibody were associated with RSV PreF immunization formulated with Th1/Th2-balanced adjuvants (39) .


id: cord-277529-z2r14w2k
author: Stella, Alessandro
title: Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes?
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3643
sentence: 121
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt
txt: txt/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt
summary:
  The pyrin inflammasome in health and disease Lack of clear and univocal genotype-phenotype correlation in familial Mediterranean fever patients: a systematic review The population genetics of familial mediterranean fever: a meta-analysis study MEFV mutations and their relation to major clinical symptoms of Familial Mediterranean Fever A novel cluster of patients with familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) in southern Italy Genetic epidemiology of familial Mediterranean fever through integrative analysis of whole genome and exome sequences from Middle East and North Africa Global epidemiology of Familial Mediterranean fever mutations using population exome sequences A population genetics study of the familial Mediterranean fever gene: evidence of balancing selection under an overdominance regime NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory diseases: phenotypic and molecular characteristics of germline versus somatic mutations Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cryopyrinassociated periodic syndrome: a series of 136 patients from the Eurofever Registry Lessons Learned to Date on COVID-19 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: considerations for Interventions to Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection and Detrimental Hyperinflammation Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC SARS-CoV-2 and ORF3a: nonsynonymous Mutations, Functional Domains, and Viral Pathogenesis. In addition, colchicine and IL-1 inhibitors treatments that are effective in controlling inflammation in FMF patients have recently been proposed for off-label use in COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-306600-cxz8hf9q
author: Matarazzo, Laura
date: 2019-04-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6572
sentence: 244
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-306600-cxz8hf9q.txt
txt: txt/cord-306600-cxz8hf9q.txt
title:
  Therapeutic Synergy Between Antibiotics and Pulmonary Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulation in Antibiotic-Sensitive or -Resistant Pneumonia

summary:
  Flagellin treatment alone decreased bacterial counts in the lungs by 5.6-fold, whereas AMX treatments decreased bacterial counts by 3.7-fold (for a dose of 100 µg) and 74.6-fold (for a dose of 350 µg). These results show a significant therapeutic advantage for the combination treatment, relative to standalone AMX or flagellin treatments ( Figure 4B) .


id: cord-313227-6zwkfzab
author: Scala, Stefania
date: 2020-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3882
sentence: 129
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-313227-6zwkfzab.txt
txt: txt/cord-313227-6zwkfzab.txt
title:
  Fighting the Host Reaction to SARS-COv-2 in Critically Ill Patients: The Possible Contribution of Off-Label Drugs

summary:
  Med Hypotheses Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, suppresses bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and fibrosis CXCR4 knockdown prevents inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages by suppressing activation of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways CXCR4 inhibitor attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by inhibiting Th17 and Tc17 cell immune response Plerixafor enables safe, rapid, efficient mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in sickle cell disease patients after exchange transfusion Dissecting influenza virus pathogenesis uncovers a novel chemical approach to combat the infection COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod Benefitrisk profile of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators in relapsing and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. CXCR4-mediated inflammatory responses is based on the efficient chemotaxis function of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (66) .


id: cord-333670-qv1orlv5
author: Mutti, Luciano
title: Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): What Are We Learning in a Country With High Mortality Rate?
date: 2020-05-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2505
sentence: 83
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt
txt: txt/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt
summary:
  Interestingly, another preprint study identified specific SARS-COV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in the plasma of patients who had recovered from infection and recorded that 30% of patients failed to develop high titers of NAbs after COVID-19 infection (32) . In Italy, the possibility of performing autopsies or post-mortem diagnostic studies on suspect, probable, or confirmed COVID-19 cases has been intensively debated (5, 6) ; however, postmortem pathological analysis of COVID-19 patients in China has shown findings consistent with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (7-9) (Figure 1 ).


id: cord-316702-dj2fo8sn
author: Vignesh, Ramachandran
title: Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining?
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3257
sentence: 97
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt
txt: txt/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt
summary:
  (2020) Longitudinal profile of antibodies against SARS-coronavirus in SARS patients and their clinical significance Persistence of Antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2: the knowns and unknowns Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans Pre-existing and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans Immunologic perturbations in severe COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Systems-level immunomonitoring from acute to recovery phase of severe COVID-19 Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications Reappearance of effector T cells is associated with recovery from COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls Humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered patients with COVID-19 Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications. This preexisting cross-reactive T and B cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may have wide implications as this could explain differential clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, disease severity, vaccine development, and important in accessing herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection/COVID-19 disease.


id: cord-318418-uqxzds6g
author: Inatomi, Takio
date: 2017-12-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4345
sentence: 150
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-318418-uqxzds6g.txt
txt: txt/cord-318418-uqxzds6g.txt
title:
  Dietary Probiotic Compound Improves Reproductive Performance of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Infected Sows Reared in a Japanese Commercial Swine Farm under Vaccine Control Condition

summary:
  The protein percentage in milk of VP sows was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at parturition day (11.1%) than that measured in milk of VC sows (10.1%) (Figure 4) . When looking at the lactogenic immunity parameters, total IgA concentration at day 0 (parturition day) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in whey of VP sows (1.90 g/dL) than in that of VC sows (1.72 g/dL), but afterward, total IgA concentration only showed a tendency (P < 0.1) to increase in whey of VP but not VC sows, when it was measured at days 3 (1.82 vs 1.75 g/dL, respectively) and 7 post-parturition (1.11 vs 1.04 g/dL, respectively) (Figure 5A) .


id: cord-272491-a84pahdr
author: Maron-Gutierrez, Tatiana
title: Cell-Free Therapies: Novel Approaches for COVID-19
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3336
sentence: 93
flesch: 19
cache: cache/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt
txt: txt/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt
summary:
  Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19 Regenerative medicine in COVID-19 treatment : real opportunities and range of promises The involvement of the central nervous system in patients with COVID-19 Multiple organ dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 : MODS-CoV-2 Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients Can stem cells beat COVID-19: advancing stem cells and extracellular vesicles toward mainstream medicine for lung injuries associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections Emerging therapies for COVID-19 pneumonia Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 -preliminary report Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for COVID-19: present or future Transplantation of ACE2-mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts CD147 as a target for COVID-19 treatment: suggested effects of azithromycin and stem cell engagement Current status of cell-based therapies for respiratory virus infections: applicability to COVID-19 Emerging trends in COVID-19 treatment: learning from inflammatory conditions associated with cellular therapies Extracellular vesicles : a new frontier for research in acute respiratory Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome for severe COVID-19 infections: premises for the therapeutic use Current understanding of the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy statement on extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells and other cells: considerations for potential therapeutic agents to suppress coronavirus disease-19 Modulation of the mesenchymal Stem cell secretome using computer-controlled bioreactors: impact on neuronal cell proliferation, survival and differentiation Non-coding RNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: deciphering regulatory roles in stem cell potency, inflammatory resolve, and tissue regeneration Bioprocessing of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives: toward cell-free therapeutics Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19 Cell-based therapies for the acute respiratory distress syndrome Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow-derived stromal cells to pulmonary alveoli protects against acute lung injury Mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to T cells induces treg differentiation and restricts inflammatory response Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Molecular mechanisms responsible for therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome Respiratory syncytial virus-infected mesenchymal stem cells regulate immunity via interferon beta and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase An energetic view of stress: focus on mitochondria Mitochondria as key components of the stress response The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3) Neuroanatomy of sepsis-associated encephalopathy Mesenchymal stem cells use extracellular vesicles to outsource mitophagy and shuttle microRNAs Mitochondria are a subset of extracellular vesicles released by activated monocytes and induce type I IFN and TNF responses in endothelial cells Is a Cytokine storm relevant to COVID-19? Ann Transl Med Extracellular vesicles and matrix remodeling enzymes: the emerging roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, progression of diseases and tissue repair Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection Current knowledge and future perspectives on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic agent Functional proteins of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles Effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on the time course of pulmonary remodeling depend on the etiology of lung injury in mice Identification of the right cell sources for the production of therapeutically active extracellular vesicles in ischemic stroke Human mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles for treatment of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in severe pneumonia in mice Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of current literature and potential future treatment options Exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells ameliorate acute lung injury by transferring miR-126 Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: a therapeutic option in respiratory diseases? Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles decrease lung injury in mice Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles induce ischemic neuroprotection by modulating leukocytes and specifically neutrophils Extracellular vesicles improve post-stroke neuroregeneration and prevent postischemic immunosuppression Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19 Clinical cellular therapeutics accelerate clot formation Are therapeutic human mesenchymal stromal cells compatible with human blood?


id: cord-295302-vwrxentv
author: Shivarov, Velizar
title: Potential SARS-CoV-2 Preimmune IgM Epitopes
date: 2020-04-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2402
sentence: 88
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-295302-vwrxentv.txt
txt: txt/cord-295302-vwrxentv.txt
summary:
  Novel antibody epitopes dominate the antigenicity of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV Structure, function and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Candidate targets for immune responses to 2019-Novel Coronavirus (nCoV): sequence homology-and bioinformatic-based predictions Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies Epitopes for a 2019-nCoV vaccine Diagnostic profiling of the human public IgM repertoire with scalable mimotope libraries Identification of immunodominant sites on the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus: implication for developing SARS diagnostics and vaccines Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Unexpected receptor functional mimicry elucidates activation of coronavirus fusion MUC16 (CA125): tumor biomarker to cancer therapy, a work in progress Overexpression of transglutaminase 4 and prostate cancer progression: a potential predictor of less favourable outcomes Effect of modification of carbohydrate side chains on the reactivity of antibodies with core-protein epitopes of the MUC1 gene product Development and characterization of breast cancer reactive monoclonal antibodies directed to the core protein of the human milk mucin Epitope mapping of anti-MUC1 mucin protein core monoclonal antibodies Epitopes of MUC1 tandem repeats in cancer as revealed by antibody crystallography: toward glycopeptide signatureguided therapy An overview of B-1 cells as antigenpresenting cells B cells are the dominant antigen-presenting cells that activate naive CD4+ T cells upon immunization with a virus-derived nanoparticle antigen B-1 and B-2 cell-derived immunoglobulin M antibodies are nonredundant components of the protective response to influenza virus infection Modulation of antigen processing by bound antibodies can boost or suppress class II major histocompatibility complex presentation of different T cell determinants Searching immunodominant epitopes prior to epidemic: HLA class II-restricted SARS-CoV spike protein epitopes in unexposed individuals Inherent specificities in natural antibodies: a key to immune defense against pathogen invasion Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 The authors wish to thank Prof. Angel Galabov for critical reading of the manuscript. This implies that natural antibody epitopes might be essential components of subunit vaccines even though they may not represent typical dominant epitopes.


id: cord-256998-or73in8m
author: Nguyen, Khue G.
title: Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy
date: 2020-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 27094
sentence: 918
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-256998-or73in8m.txt
txt: txt/cord-256998-or73in8m.txt
summary:
  A much larger number of preclinical and clinical studies have used IL-12-transduced tumor cells for s.c. immunization. Tumor IL-12 levels steadily increased, reaching about 80 pg/g tumor on day 16, while serum IL-12 concentration remained on average about 40 pg/ml after day 9 and continued to day 16.


id: cord-285760-y37ji92k
author: Connell, Anna R.
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13114
sentence: 363
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-285760-y37ji92k.txt
txt: txt/cord-285760-y37ji92k.txt
title:
  Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations—Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines?

summary:
  In contrast, other studies appear to contradict, these findings, showing no link between mumps protection and time elapsed following administration of mumps vaccine (138, 148, 149, 184, 185) . I. Incidence and severity of mumps in vaccinated and control groups Preparation of mumps vaccines and immunization of monkeys against experimental mumps infection European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.


id: cord-282081-qaagup4d
author: Flicker, Sabine
title: Nanobodies—Useful Tools for Allergy Treatment?
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5067
sentence: 128
flesch: 11
cache: cache/cord-282081-qaagup4d.txt
txt: txt/cord-282081-qaagup4d.txt
summary:
  The recognition of allergens by specific IgE antibodies that are generated after sensitization is a key event for the initiation of allergic inflammation (2) . Due to their beneficial properties of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies in general are an attractive agent for development of novel therapeutic strategies (24, 25) .


id: cord-257662-viy65y72
author: Burrack, Kristina S.
date: 2014-09-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9059
sentence: 265
flesch: 22
cache: cache/cord-257662-viy65y72.txt
txt: txt/cord-257662-viy65y72.txt
title:
  The Role of Myeloid Cell Activation and Arginine Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Virus-Induced Diseases

summary:
  Cardiac virus titers were equivalent in all mouse strains indicating that NKT cells did not participate in control of virus infection (31) . For example, it was recently demonstrated that SARS-CoV infection of mice induced suppressive alveolar macrophages that inhibited the induction of antiviral T cell responses, a phenotype that was reversed by the adoptive transfer of activated bone marrow-derived DCs into mice prior to virus infection (56) .


id: cord-300429-b0zev8zb
author: Sobocińska, Justyna
title: Protein Palmitoylation and Its Role in Bacterial and Viral Infections
date: 2018-01-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13448
sentence: 416
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-300429-b0zev8zb.txt
txt: txt/cord-300429-b0zev8zb.txt
summary:
  + channels Activation of the protein deacetylase SIRT6 by long-chain fatty acids and widespread deacylation by mammalian sirtuins SIRT6 regulates TNF-α secretion through hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl lysine Lysine fatty acylation promotes lysosomal targeting of TNF-α A Salmonella typhimurium effector protein SifA is modified by host cell prenylation and S-acylation machinery Geranylgeranylation but not GTP-loading of Rho GTPases determines T cell function Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation specifically interferes with CD40-dependent B cell activation, resulting in a reduced capacity to induce T cell immunity Local palmitoylation cycles define activity-regulated postsynaptic subdomains Analysis of S-acylation of proteins Chemical probes for the rapid detection of fatty-acylated proteins in mammalian cells Robust fluorescent detection of protein fatty-acylation with chemical reporters Large-scale profiling of protein palmitoylation in mammalian cells Assays of protein palmitoylation Visualization and identification of fatty acylated proteins using chemical reporters Nonradioactive analysis of dynamic protein palmitoylation Palmitoylome profiling reveals S-palmitoylation-dependent antiviral activity of IFITM3 Global profiling of dynamic protein palmitoylation Proteomic analysis of fatty-acylated proteins in mammalian cells with chemical reporters reveals S-acylation of histone H3 variants Global analysis of palmitoylated proteins in Toxoplasma gondii A single protein S-acyl transferase acts through diverse substrates to determine cryptococcal morphology, stress tolerance, and pathogenic outcome Purification of biotinylated proteins on streptavidin resin: a protocol for quantitative elution Comparative analysis of cleavable azobenzene-based affinity tags for bioorthogonal chemical proteomics Systems analysis of protein fatty acylation in herpes simplex virus-infected cells using chemical proteomics Single-cell in situ imaging of palmitoylation in fattyacylated proteins Method for cellular imaging of palmitoylated proteins with clickable probes and proximity ligation applied to Hedgehog, tubulin, and Ras Analysis of protein palmitoylation reveals a pervasive role in Plasmodium development and pathogenesis Global profiling of co-and post-translationally N-myristoylated proteomes in human cells Proteomic identification of palmitoylated proteins Palmitoylated proteins: purification and identification Site-specific analysis of protein S-acylation by resin-assisted capture Proteomic analysis of fatty-acylated proteins Mass-tag labeling reveals site-specific and endogenous levels of protein S-fatty acylation Proteomic analysis of palmitoylated platelet proteins Proteomic analysis of S-acylated proteins in human B cells reveals palmitoylation of the immune regulators CD20 and CD23 Quantitative analysis of the human T cell palmitome Global analysis of protein palmitoylation in African trypanosomes Identification of new palmitoylated proteins in Toxoplasma gondii Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation Role of S-palmitoylation by ZDHHC13 in mitochondrial function and metabolism in liver Tracking brain palmitoylation change: predominance of glial change in a mouse model of Huntington's Disease protein palmitoylation database. Recently, substantial progress in the understanding of protein palmitoylation was made possible by the development of methods allowing high-throughput analysis of cellular/tissue palmitoyl proteomes.


id: cord-283505-ousbar6c
author: Horman, William S. J.
title: The Dynamics of the Ferret Immune Response During H7N9 Influenza Virus Infection
date: 2020-09-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5908
sentence: 191
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-283505-ousbar6c.txt
txt: txt/cord-283505-ousbar6c.txt
summary:
  As a result, ferret cellular immunology is still a developing field of research in the context of influenza viruses, with only a handful of studies investigating changes in leukocyte populations following influenza virus infection (17) (18) (19) . In this study, we aimed to examine the ferret immune response to H7N9 influenza virus infection by analyzing leukocyte population variation associated with disease pathogenesis.


id: cord-332150-j76726no
author: De Stefano, Ludovico
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3623
sentence: 89
flesch: 9
cache: cache/cord-332150-j76726no.txt
txt: txt/cord-332150-j76726no.txt
title:
  A “Window of Therapeutic Opportunity” for Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

summary:
  Microorganisms Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a singlecentre retrospective cohort study Tocilizumab Treatment for Cytokine Release Syndrome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Survival and Clinical Outcomes Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: Results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care Safety and efficacy of anti-il6-receptor tocilizumab use in severe and critical patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019: A comparative analysis Early use of low dose tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study with a complete follow-up Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study Interleukin-6 blockade with sarilumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with systemic hyperinflammation: an open-label cohort study Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study Anakinra for severe forms of COVID-19: a cohort study Beneficial impact of Baricitinib in COVID-19 moderate pneumonia; multicentre study Efficacy Evaluation of Early, Low-Dose, Short-Term Corticosteroids in Adults Hospitalized with Non-Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Effect of Systemic Glucocorticoids on Mortality or Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY The role of host genetics in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity Mannose-binding lectin in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARSCoV-2 infection -a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy The Many Faces of the anti-COVID Immune Response Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate forms of Coronavirus Disease SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.


id: cord-003828-bhfghcby
author: Zrzavy, Tobias
title: Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis: Friend or Foe?
date: 2019-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5607
sentence: 198
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-003828-bhfghcby.txt
txt: txt/cord-003828-bhfghcby.txt
summary:
  Plotkin's Vaccines Vaccine adjuvants: putting innate immunity to work In vivo activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells Superior immunogenicity of inactivated whole virus H5N1 influenza vaccine is primarily controlled by Toll-like receptor signalling Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants activate caspase-1 and induce IL-1beta and IL-18 release Immunological mechanisms of vaccination Vaccine adjuvants: from 1920 to 2015 and beyond Comparative safety of vaccine adjuvants: a summary of current evidence and future needs Adjuvants Safety Project C. Safety of vaccine adjuvants: focus on autoimmunity Adjuvant System AS03 containing α-tocopherol modulates innate immune response and leads to improved adaptive immunity Cell recruitment and cytokines in skin mice sensitized with the vaccine adjuvants: saponin, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and monophosphoryl lipid A Human T H 17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation Cellular mechanisms of IL-17-induced blood-brain barrier disruption Induction of lupus autoantibodies by adjuvants Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland Carbohydrate-based immune adjuvants Extrafollicular antibody responses Control systems and decision making for antibody production Rabies vaccine prepared in human cell cultures: progress and perspectives Therefore, vaccination of MS patients is of major interest.


id: cord-328011-6lf3no6u
author: Zayed, Hatem
date: 2020-08-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1449
sentence: 51
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt
txt: txt/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt
title:
  Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics

summary:
  The Sleeping Beauty transposable element: evolution, regulation and genetic applications RNA virus reverse genetics and vaccine design Hemagglutinin amino acids related to receptor specificity could affect the protection efficacy of H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza virus vaccines in mice SARS-associated coronavirus replication in cell lines Rapid generation of stable cell lines expressing high levels of erythropoietin, factor VIII, and an antihuman CD20 antibody using lentiviral vectors Production of virus-like particles for vaccination Therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies Development of rabies virus-like particles for vaccine applications: production, characterization, and protection studies Lentivirus-based virus-like particles as a new protein delivery tool The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Bat coronaviruses in China DNA shuffling and family shuffling for in vitro gene evolution Discovery of human-like Lasparaginases with potential clinical use by directed evolution.


id: cord-319729-6lzjhn8j
author: Tian, Bin
date: 2018-01-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7820
sentence: 293
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-319729-6lzjhn8j.txt
txt: txt/cord-319729-6lzjhn8j.txt
title:
  Lab-Attenuated Rabies Virus Causes Abortive Infection and Induces Cytokine Expression in Astrocytes by Activating Mitochondrial Antiviral-Signaling Protein Signaling Pathway

summary:
  Notably, B2c titers were significantly increased in MAVS−/− astrocytes compared with wt astrocytes (Figures 5A,B) . Moreover, the cell numbers of immunofluorescence plaques in MAVS−/− astrocytes caused by B2c infection were significantly more than those in wt astrocytes (Figures 5E,F) .


id: cord-312955-gs65c3fy
author: Schreiber, Gideon
title: The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8440
sentence: 303
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt
txt: txt/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt
summary:
  These data show that tight binding IFN-Is induce preferential anti-inflammatory responses, at least in this MS mouse model. Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739 sha: doc_id: 312955 cord_uid: gs65c3fy Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classical experiment by Isaacs and Lindenman, who showed that IFN-Is possess antiviral activity.


id: cord-304619-tpv76833
author: Chatterjea, Devavani
title: Teaching Immunology as a Liberal Art
date: 2020-07-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3323
sentence: 104
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-304619-tpv76833.txt
txt: txt/cord-304619-tpv76833.txt
summary:
  Many immunology students are drawn to careers in biomedical research and its applications in the practices of medicine and/or public health. Students flock to the edible displays.


id: cord-319774-mkz7z38o
author: Hou, Dongni
title: High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Immune Repertoire Study during Infectious Disease
date: 2016-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6134
sentence: 191
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-319774-mkz7z38o.txt
txt: txt/cord-319774-mkz7z38o.txt
summary:
  An evaluation of the expressed human IGHD gene repertoire Many human immunoglobulin heavy-chain IGHV gene polymorphisms have been reported in error The reported germline repertoire of human immunoglobulin kappa chain genes is relatively complete and accurate IgBLAST: an immunoglobulin variable domain sequence analysis tool iHMMune-align: hidden Markov model-based alignment and identification of germline genes in rearranged immunoglobulin gene sequences Decombinator: a tool for fast, efficient gene assignment in T-cell receptor sequences using a finite state machine SoDA2: a hidden Markov model approach for identification of immunoglobulin rearrangements Model for comparative analysis of antigen receptor repertoires Personalized, sequencing-based immune profiling spurs startups Preparing unbiased T-cell receptor and antibody cDNA libraries for the deep next generation sequencing profiling Change-O: a toolkit for analyzing large-scale B cell immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing data ImmunExplorer (IMEX): a software framework for diversity and clonality analyses of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors on the basis of IMGT/HighV-QUEST preprocessed NGS data LymAnalyzer: a tool for comprehensive analysis of next generation sequencing data of T cell receptors and immunoglobulins tcR: an R package for T cell receptor repertoire advanced data analysis MiTCR: software for T-cell receptor sequencing data analysis IMonitor: a robust pipeline for TCR and BCR repertoire analysis sciReptor: analysis of single-cell level immunoglobulin repertoires VDJtools: unifying post-analysis of T cell receptor repertoires Characterizing immune repertoires by high throughput sequencing: strategies and applications Junctional and allele-specific residues are critical for MERS-CoV neutralization by an exceptionally potent germline-like antibody Longitudinal analysis of the peripheral B cell repertoire reveals unique effects of immunization with a new influenza virus strain IMGT/V-QUEST, an integrated software program for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V-J and V-D-J rearrangement analysis Human responses to influenza vaccination show seroconversion signatures and convergent antibody rearrangements Effects of aging, cytomegalovirus infection, and EBV infection on human B cell repertoires Antibody light-chain-restricted recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial is phylogenetically conserved Lower IgG somatic hypermutation rates during acute dengue virus infection is compatible with a germinal center-independent B cell response Diverse antibody genetic and recognition properties revealed following HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunization Correlation with immune status T-cell repertoire diversity and clonal expansions in normal and clinical samples Rapid T cell receptor delineation reveals clonal expansion limitation of the magnitude of the HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell response T lymphocyte repertoire in Theiler's virus encephalomyelitis: the nonspecific infiltration of the central nervous system of infected SJL/J mice is associated with a selective local T cell expansion Conserved T cell receptor repertoire in primary and memory CD8 T cell responses to an acute viral infection Vaccination-induced changes in human B-cell repertoire and pneumococcal IgM and IgA antibody at different ages A profound alteration of blood TCRB repertoire allows prediction of cerebral malaria Human immunoglobulin (Ig)M+IgD+ peripheral blood B cells expressing the CD27 cell surface antigen carry somatically mutated variable region genes: CD27 as a general marker for somatically mutated (memory) B cells Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections Using synthetic templates to design an unbiased multiplex PCR assay Toward a more accurate view of human B-cell repertoire by next-generation sequencing, unbiased repertoire capture and single-molecule barcoding Identification of errors introduced during high throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor repertoire A survey of error-correction methods for next-generation sequencing Denoising DNA deep sequencing data-high-throughput sequencing errors and their correction Next generation sequencing for TCR repertoire profiling: platform-specific features and correction algorithms Accuracy and quality assessment of 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing A tale of three next generation sequencing platforms: comparison of Ion Torrent, Pacific Biosciences and Illumina MiSeq sequencers Evaluation of genomic high-throughput sequencing data generated on Illumina HiSeq and genome analyzer systems Characterizing and measuring bias in sequence data BFC: correcting Illumina sequencing errors HiTEC: accurate error correction in high-throughput sequencing data Lighter: fast and memory-efficient sequencing error correction without counting Reptile: representative tiling for short read error correction ECHO: a reference-free short-read error correction algorithm Accurate determination of microbial diversity from 454 pyrosequencing data Rapidly denoising pyrosequencing amplicon reads by exploiting rank-abundance distributions HECTOR: a parallel multistage homopolymer spectrum based error corrector for 454 sequencing data Genetic measurement of memory B-cell recall using antibody repertoire sequencing Towards error-free profiling of immune repertoires IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database(R) Reconsidering the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus:


id: cord-266085-914y3je0
author: Correa, Isabel
title: Evaluation of Antigen-Conjugated Fluorescent Beads to Identify Antigen-Specific B Cells
date: 2018-03-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6924
sentence: 219
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-266085-914y3je0.txt
txt: txt/cord-266085-914y3je0.txt
summary:
  For instance, antibodies used for detection of BCR on B cells may also interact not only with BCRs but also with Fc receptors on human B cells (30) . Immune monitoring of human B cells recognizing specific antigens, alongside identification, cloning, and production of their cognate monoclonal antibodies, may, therefore, be of substantial value to help evaluate reactivity and immunological response to these antigens.


id: cord-280941-ds6x0yym
author: Kim, Young-Seok
date: 2018-05-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9430
sentence: 361
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-280941-ds6x0yym.txt
txt: txt/cord-280941-ds6x0yym.txt
title:
  Chaperna-Mediated Assembly of Ferritin-Based Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Nanoparticles

summary:
  Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with 20 µg/ mouse of the RBD-FR, RBD-[SSG]-FR, or RBD protein generated as described above, or with commercially available MERS-CoV RBD protein (MERS-RBD-005P; eEnzyme) as antigen in BSL-2 facility in YLARC. [RBD-[SSG]-FR, RBD-FR, RBD, and FR (negative control)]-immunized mouse serum inhibited binding of RBD protein to hDPP4 receptor (45, 46) .


id: cord-296585-yfh5d4io
author: Su, Yu-Ching
date: 2018-11-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 16584
sentence: 528
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-296585-yfh5d4io.txt
txt: txt/cord-296585-yfh5d4io.txt
title:
  The Interplay Between Immune Response and Bacterial Infection in COPD: Focus Upon Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae

summary:
  Episodes of large inflammation as the consequences of multiple interactions between airway immune cells and NTHi, accumulatively contribute to COPD exacerbations and may result in worsening of the clinical status. Expression of microbialinduced AMP (human β-defensin 2) is suppressed in airway epithelial cells when exposed to cigarette smoke (175, 176) .


id: cord-302295-nblmshni
author: Savva, Athina
date: 2013-11-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10341
sentence: 356
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-302295-nblmshni.txt
txt: txt/cord-302295-nblmshni.txt
title:
  Targeting Toll-Like Receptors: Promising Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Sepsis-Associated Pathology and Infectious Diseases

summary:
  Prophylactic administration of anti-TLR4 antibodies blunted TNF production and strikingly increased survival in E. coli sepsis, from 0% in the control antibody group to 80% in the anti-TLR4 group. Our studies demonstrate that anti-TLR4 antibodies are efficient as adjunctive therapy for E. coli sepsis, with a window of clinical application comprising prophylactic and therapeutic intervention opportunities.


id: cord-328549-r56lih8j
author: Okamoto, Masaaki
title: Regulation of RIG-I Activation by K63-Linked Polyubiquitination
date: 2018-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3651
sentence: 134
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-328549-r56lih8j.txt
txt: txt/cord-328549-r56lih8j.txt
summary:
  Considering that mass spectrometry analysis revealed the covalent binding of RIG-I with K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, these observations indicate that either covalent or non-covalent binding with polyubiquitin chains is sufficient for RIG-I 2CARDs activation (23, 26) . However, subsequent studies have reported that Riplet, MEX3C, and TRIM4 ubiquitin ligases are also involved in K63-linked polyubiquitination and the activation of RIG-I. MEX3C and TRIM4 mediate polyubiquitination of the 2CARDs.


id: cord-321568-okvt1fg3
author: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley
title: Perspective: The Potential Effects of Naringenin in COVID-19
date: 2020-09-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4115
sentence: 135
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt
txt: txt/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt
summary:
  In this perspective, we summarize NAR potential anti-inflammatory role in COVID-19 associated risk factors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Naringenin anti-inflammatory effect was also verified in radiation-induced lung injury, reducing lung inflammation and IL-1β levels (72) .


id: cord-328003-yovp8squ
author: Duan, Liangwei
date: 2020-10-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7368
sentence: 176
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-328003-yovp8squ.txt
txt: txt/cord-328003-yovp8squ.txt
title:
  The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens

summary:
  The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity The D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral infectivity SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variant D614G increases infectivity and retains sensitivity to antibodies that target the receptor binding domain Making Sense of Mutation: What D614G Means for the COVID-19 Pandemic Remains Unclear The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to Neutralization. Accordingly, there has been mounting interest in exploring the potential of immunogenic glycan moieties as vaccine candidates against multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (75, 76) .


id: cord-308433-vrkdtrfz
author: Roberts, Ceri A.
title: TNF Blockade Maintains an IL-10(+) Phenotype in Human Effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cells
date: 2017-02-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7323
sentence: 221
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-308433-vrkdtrfz.txt
txt: txt/cord-308433-vrkdtrfz.txt
summary:
  TNF blockade also regulated IL-10 expression in CD4 + T cells upon antigenic stimulation. It was shown both cross-sectionally and longitudinally that inflammatory arthritis patients on TNFi therapy have an increased frequency of peripheral blood (PB) IL-10 + CD4 + T cells.


id: cord-297960-4x1j0iqg
author: Bösl, Korbinian
title: Common Nodes of Virus–Host Interaction Revealed Through an Integrated Network Analysis
date: 2019-10-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5491
sentence: 220
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-297960-4x1j0iqg.txt
txt: txt/cord-297960-4x1j0iqg.txt
summary:
  Given that the viral proteins were interacting with a large number of host proteins, we analyzed the sub-cellular location of the host proteins. We binned the localization into 11 compartments and estimated the percent of host proteins in a given compartment as compared to the total number of host proteins targeted by a given FIGURE 3 | Clusters of hvPPI involved in core cellular processes.


id: cord-254809-o454k6ae
author: He, Bing
title: The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19
date: 2020-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4764
sentence: 208
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt
txt: txt/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt
summary:
  Serum D-dimer and FDP were 9.89 mg/L (IQR, 3.62–22.85) and 32.7 mg/L (IQR, 12.8–81.9), and a large number of RBC (46/μL (IQR, 4–242) was presented in urine, a cue of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in severe patients. (D) serum IL-6 concentration between mild patients (n = 32) and severe patients (n = 21).


id: cord-353217-gmc3qrci
author: de Miranda Santos, Isabel Kinney Ferreira
title: Impact of Hydroxychloroquine on Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 554
sentence: 12
flesch: 6
cache: cache/cord-353217-gmc3qrci.txt
txt: txt/cord-353217-gmc3qrci.txt
summary:
  However, the most comprehensive publications addressing antibody responses, wherein study subjects presented viability in levels of IgG antibody responses, have not detailed the treatment regimens delivered to the subjects (8) (9) (10) (11) . Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis Antibody response to preexposure human diploid-cell rabies vaccine given concurrently with chloroquine Humoral immune response to tetanus-diphtheria vaccine given during extended use of chloroquine or primaquine malaria chemoprophylaxis Effect of antimalarial drugs on the immune response to intramuscular rabies vaccination using a postexposure prophylaxis regimen Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infections by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals Evaluation of the EUROIMMUN anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA assay for detection of IgA and IgG antibodies A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease Available online at: www.who.int/newsroom/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-covid-19 All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.


id: cord-336924-7xcbtn3q
author: Borghi, Maria Orietta
date: 2020-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3194
sentence: 135
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt
txt: txt/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt
title:
  Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Are Different From Those Detectable in the Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome

summary:
  This data is in line with the unusual epitope specificity of anti-b 2 GPI antibodies documented in Figure 2 , supporting the hypothesis that aPL found in COVID-19 patients are different from aPL found in APS patients. Hence, while transitory aPL are likely to be clinically irrelevant in COVID-19 patients as in other infections (33) , detection of aPL may be useful for identifying patients potentially at risk of thrombosis after the hospital discharge.


id: cord-338261-tyimwctm
author: Farr, Laura
title: Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair
date: 2020-06-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5276
sentence: 197
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-338261-tyimwctm.txt
txt: txt/cord-338261-tyimwctm.txt
summary:
  MIF is secreted from the cardiomyocytes during I/R and acts in an autocrine-paracrine manner, stimulating cell surface CD74 receptor. Additionally, CD74 expression was found on the surface of non-APCs such as endothelial cells, and epithelial cells in the kidney, lung, gut, and skin (24, 25) .


id: cord-312075-asbt0mcj
author: Schulz, Katharina S.
title: Viral Evasion Strategies in Type I IFN Signaling – A Summary of Recent Developments
date: 2016-11-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5784
sentence: 207
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-312075-asbt0mcj.txt
txt: txt/cord-312075-asbt0mcj.txt
summary:
  Macrophage (Houst) (2015) 2:e1009 Toscana virus NSs protein inhibits the induction of type I interferon by interacting with RIG-I Truncation of the C-terminal region of Toscana virus NSs protein is critical for interferon-beta antagonism and protein stability Foot-and-mouth disease virus viroporin 2B antagonizes RIG-I mediated antiviral effects by inhibition of its protein expression Hepatitis B virus inhibits intrinsic RIG-I and RIG-G immune signaling via inducing miR146a A phosphomimetic-based mechanism of dengue virus to antagonize innate immunity DDX60, a DEXD/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling DDX60 is involved in RIG-I-dependent and independent antiviral responses, and its function is attenuated by virus-induced EGFR activation A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response Mouse superkiller-2-like helicase DDX60 is dispensable for type I IFN induction and immunity to multiple viruses Dengue virus subverts host innate immunity by targeting adaptor protein MAVS Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 3C protease cleaves the mitochondrial antiviral signalling complex to antagonize IFN-beta expression Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A inhibits the peroxisomal MAVS-dependent antiviral signalling response Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Nsp4 cleaves VISA to impair antiviral responses mediated by RIG-I-like receptors Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus inhibits dsRNA-induced interferon-beta production in porcine intestinal epithelial cells by blockade of the RIG-I-mediated pathway SARS-coronavirus open reading frame-9b suppresses innate immunity by targeting mitochondria and the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 signalosome PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4 Oncogenic human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 tax suppression of primary innate immune signaling pathways Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein suppresses type I interferon expression through the inhibition of TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 Suppression of innate antiviral response by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein is mediated through the first transmembrane domain A firm hand on NFkappaB: structures of the IkappaBalpha-NFkappaB complex IkappaB kinases: key regulators of the NF-kappaB pathway Inducible degradation of IkappaBalpha by the proteasome requires interaction with the F-box protein h-betaTrCP Shaping the nuclear action of NF-kappaB Encephalomyocarditis virus 3C protease relieves TRAF family member-associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK) inhibitory effect on TRAF6-mediated NF-kappaB signaling through cleavage of TANK Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus 3C-like protease regulates its interferon antagonism by cleaving NEMO Hepatitis A virus 3C protease cleaves NEMO to impair induction of beta interferon Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease cleaves NEMO to impair innate immune signaling NSP1 of human rotaviruses commonly inhibits NF-kappaB signalling by inducing beta-TrCP degradation IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway Regulation and function of IKK and IKK-related kinases Involvement of the ubiquitin-like domain of TBK1/IKK-i kinases in regulation of IFN-inducible genes IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon): a therapeutic target in inflammation and cancer Regulation of TBK1 activity by optineurin contributes to cell cycle-dependent expression of the interferon pathway Negative regulation of TBK1-mediated antiviral immunity IRFs: master regulators of signalling by toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis The IRF family transcription factors at the interface of innate and adaptive immune responses Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/ Viruses target RIG-I directly or indirectly to block the type I IFN response.


id: cord-312438-zr9zx7pv
author: Hoo, Regina
title: Innate Immune Mechanisms to Protect Against Infection at the Human Decidual-Placental Interface
date: 2020-09-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7560
sentence: 250
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-312438-zr9zx7pv.txt
txt: txt/cord-312438-zr9zx7pv.txt
summary:
  This is further supported by the transcriptomic expression of viral receptors in placental cells (10, 50, 51). A combination of criteria define human first-trimester trophoblast ELF5-enforced transcriptional networks define an epigenetically regulated trophoblast stem cell compartment in the human placenta The Human Placenta Uteroplacental arterial changes related to interstitial trophoblast migration in early human pregnancy Trophoblast invasion Maternal arterial connections to the placental intervillous space during the first trimester of human pregnancy: the Boyd collection revisited The cytology of Hofbauer cells A three-dimensional study of the normal human placental villous core Zika virus infection at different pregnancy stages: anatomopathological findings, target cells and viral persistence in placental tissues Zika virus RNA replication and persistence in brain and placental tissue HIV-1 in trophoblastic and villous Hofbauer cells, and haematological precursors in eight-week fetuses Zika virus infects human placental macrophages Placental syncytium forms a biophysical barrier against pathogen invasion Apoptotic changes occur in syncytiotrophoblast of human placental villi where fibrin type fibrinoid is deposited at discontinuities in the villous trophoblast Zika virus targets different primary human placental cells, suggesting two routes for vertical transmission Developmental regulation of human cytomegalovirus receptors in cytotrophoblasts correlates with distinct replication sites in the placenta Does the human placenta express the canonical cell entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2?


id: cord-293736-nyvwv31m
author: Méry, Geoffroy
title: COVID-19: Underlying Adipokine Storm and Angiotensin 1-7 Umbrella
date: 2020-07-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5760
sentence: 190
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt
txt: txt/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt
summary:
  Oral or parenteral Ang1-7 supplementation could be a therapeutic option to diminish the low-grade systemic inflammation due to adipocyte dysfunction and attenuate the severity of ACE2-mediated injuries consecutive to SARS infection. High plasma levels of IL-6 and the absence of INF-1 have been noted in severe patients (47) , illustrating a sustained innate response that fails to achieve viral clearance and triggers ARDS.


id: cord-283382-t890r7xp
author: Coughlan, Lynda
title: Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines
date: 2020-05-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12563
sentence: 307
flesch: 15
cache: cache/cord-283382-t890r7xp.txt
txt: txt/cord-283382-t890r7xp.txt
summary:
  1 clinical trial in healthy adults Vaccine vectors derived from a large collection of simian adenoviruses induce potent cellular immunity across multiple species Evaluation of a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a clinical trial (APPROACH) and in rhesus monkeys (NHP 13-19) A monovalent chimpanzee adenovirus Ebola vaccine boosted with MVA Comparative analysis of the magnitude, quality, phenotype, and protective capacity of simian immunodeficiency virus gag-specific CD8+ T cells following human-, simian-, and chimpanzee-derived recombinant adenoviral vector immunization Comparative immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys of DNA plasmid, recombinant vaccinia virus, and replication-defective adenovirus vectors expressing a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene Adenoviruses as vaccine vectors Recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) and Ad35 vaccine vectors bypass immunity to Ad5 and protect nonhuman primates against Ebolavirus challenge Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity Molecular evolution of human adenoviruses Overreliance on the hexon gene, leading to misclassification of human adenoviruses Targeting antigen to the surface of EVs improves the in vivo immunogenicity of human and non-human adenoviral vaccines in mice An engineered virus library as a resource for the spectrum-wide exploration of virus and vector diversity Adenoviruses: update on structure and function Tropism-modification strategies for targeted gene delivery using adenoviral vectors Novel vector construction based on alternative adenovirus types via homologous recombination Generation and characterization of a novel candidate gene therapy and vaccination vector based on human species D adenovirus type 56 Characterization of a family of chimpanzee adenoviruses and development of molecular clones for gene transfer vectors Adenoviral producer cells Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, replicating adenovirus serotype 4 vector vaccine for H5N1 influenza: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of an oral influenza vaccine: a placebocontrolled and active-controlled phase 2 human challenge study Clinical advances in viral-vectored influenza vaccines Vaccination with adenovirus serotypes 35, 26, and 48 elicits higher levels of innate cytokine responses than adenovirus serotype 5 in rhesus monkeys A novel chimpanzee adenovirus vector with low human seroprevalence: improved systems for vector derivation and comparative immunogenicity Ad48 hexon hypervariable region substitutions lead to toxicity and increased inflammatory responses following intravenous delivery Comparative seroprevalence immunogenicity of six rare serotype recombinant adenovirus vaccine vectors from subgroups B and D A review of 65 years of human adenovirus seroprevalence A bovine adenoviral vector-based H5N1 influenza -vaccine provides enhanced immunogenicity and protection at a significantly low dose Antigen expression determines adenoviral vaccine potency independent of IFN and STING signaling Detailed analysis of the CD8+ Tcell response following adenovirus vaccination CD8+ cellular immunity mediates rAd5 vaccine protection against Ebola virus infection of nonhuman primates Adenoviral vectors persist in vivo and maintain activated CD8+ T cells: implications for their use as vaccines Chimpanzee adenovirus-and MVA-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults Adenovirus-triggered innate signalling pathways CD8+ T-cell expansion and maintenance after recombinant adenovirus immunization rely upon cooperation between hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic antigen-presenting cells Increased glucose disposal induced by adenovirus-mediated transfer of glucokinase to skeletal muscle in vivo Longterm humoral and cellular immunity induced by a single immunization with replication-defective adenovirus recombinant vector Comparative analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus gag-specific effector and memory CD8+ T cells induced by different adenovirus vectors Alternative serotype adenovirus vaccine vectors elicit memory T cells with enhanced anamnestic capacity compared to Ad5 vectors Type I IFN induced by adenovirus serotypes 28 and 35 has multiple effects on T cell immunogenicity Quality of the transgenespecific CD8+ T cell response induced by adenoviral vector immunization is critically influenced by virus dose and route of vaccination Analysis of the interaction between RGD-expressing adenovirus type 5 fiber knob domains and alphavbeta3 integrin reveals distinct binding profiles and intracellular trafficking Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 promote adenovirus internalization but not virus attachment A direct and versatile assay measuring membrane penetration of adenovirus in single cells Drifting motions of the adenovirus receptor CAR and immobile integrins initiate virus uncoating and membrane lytic protein exposure Stepwise dismantling of adenovirus 2 during entry into cells Difference imaging of adenovirus: bridging the resolution gap between X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy A capsid-encoded PPxY-motif facilitates adenovirus entry Spatiotemporal dynamics of adenovirus membrane rupture and endosomal escape Adenovirus protein VI mediates membrane disruption following capsid disassembly Localization of regions in CD46 that interact with adenovirus The human membrane cofactor CD46 is a receptor for species B adenovirus serotype 3 CD46 is a cellular receptor for group B adenoviruses Desmoglein 2 is a receptor for adenovirus serotypes 3, 7, 11 and 14 Human adenovirus type 26 uses sialic acid-bearing glycans as a primary cell entry receptor The interaction between the fiber knob domain and the cellular attachment receptor determines the intracellular trafficking route of adenoviruses Preferential activation of Toll-like receptor nine by CD46-utilizing adenoviruses Key role of the scavenger receptor MARCO in mediating adenovirus infection and subsequent innate responses of macrophages. Additionally, it is apparent that there is a clear hierarchy of immunological potency when evaluating distinct Ad species and serotypes as vaccine vectors in animal models.


id: cord-323756-atnrw9ew
author: Vabret, Nicolas
title: Sensing Microbial RNA in the Cytosol
date: 2013-12-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6419
sentence: 201
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-323756-atnrw9ew.txt
txt: txt/cord-323756-atnrw9ew.txt
summary:
  A structural basis for discriminating between self and nonself double-stranded RNAs in mammalian cells Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene Nonself RNA-sensing mechanism of RIG-I helicase and activation of antiviral immune responses The thermodynamic basis for viral RNA detection by the RIG-I innate immune sensor RIG-I detects viral genomic RNA during negative-strand RNA virus infection Incoming RNA virus nucleocapsids containing a 5'-triphosphorylated genome activate RIG-I and antiviral signaling Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses Innate immunity induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA Preference of RIG-I for short viral RNA molecules in infected cells revealed by next-generation sequencing Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA induces IL-10 through RIG-I-mediated IRF-3 signaling Adenovirus virus-associated RNAs induce type I interferon expression through a RIG-I-mediated pathway The 5' ends of RNA oligonucleotides in Escherichia coli and mRNA degradation Extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors cooperate in the recognition of Helicobacter pylori IFNgamma inhibits the cytosolic replication of Shigella flexneri via the cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus Structural basis for dsRNA recognition, filament formation, and antiviral signal activation by MDA5 Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses Activation of MDA5 requires higher-order RNA structures generated during virus infection MDA5 detects the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirus-infected cells Innate immune response after adenoviral gene delivery into skin is mediated by AIM2, NALP3, DAI and mda5 Visualisation of direct interaction of MDA5 and the dsRNA replicative intermediate form of positive strand RNA viruses Activation of IFN-&#946; expression by a viral mRNA through RNase L and MDA5 New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity Ribose 2'-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5 MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response Intracellular pathogen detection by RIG-I-like receptors The adaptor MAVS promotes NLRP3 mitochondrial localization and inflammasome activation Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1 beta production Type I IFN triggers RIG-I/TLR3/NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation in influenza A virus infected cells The RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 recognizes the termini of double-stranded RNA The regulatory domain of the RIG-I family ATPase LGP2 senses doublestranded RNA LGP2 is a positive regulator of RIG-I-and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses ATP hydrolysis enhances RNA recognition and antiviral signal transduction by the innate immune sensor, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) RNA ligands can be generated by DNA viruses and retroviruses via genome transcription, or by synthesis of mRNA and replication intermediates by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of RNA viruses (8) .


id: cord-342776-hkjhqgie
author: Jewett, Anahid
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3615
sentence: 109
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt
txt: txt/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt
title:
  The Potential Effect of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on NK Cells; A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interventions

summary:
  Similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients, decreased NK cell function in the tumor microenvironment, and peripheral blood of cancer patients as well as down-modulation of CD16 receptors on the surface of NK cells have been reported previously (23, (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) . This commentary outlines what is the reported literature thus far on the effect of virus on NK cells known to kill virally infected cells.


id: cord-253862-jl1zhg13
author: Khalaf, Khalil
title: SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14633
sentence: 533
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt
txt: txt/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt
summary:
  A cohort study Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection Challenges of convalescent plasma infusion therapy in Middle East respiratory coronavirus infection: a single centre experience Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Treatment of 5 critically Ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma Safety update: COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 20,000 hospitalized patients Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viroporin 3A activates the NLRP3 inflammasome The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease IL-37 is a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by COVID-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease Use of baricitinib in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants Neutralizing epitopes of the SARS-CoV S-protein cluster independent of repertoire, antigen structure or mAb technology Monoclonal antibodies targeting the HR2 domain and the region immediately upstream of the HR2 of the S protein neutralize in vitro infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, therapeutic potential Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Similar to SARS, infected patients presented with a variety of clinical courses, from mild upper respiratory symptoms to fulminant pneumonia and multi-organ system failure.


id: cord-333041-69n2wwn3
author: Pal, Anandita
date: 2020-08-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4418
sentence: 146
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-333041-69n2wwn3.txt
txt: txt/cord-333041-69n2wwn3.txt
title:
  Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

summary:
  medRxiv Critical care for severe COVID-19: a population-based study from a province with low casefatality rate in china Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators New pro-resolving n-3 mediators bridge resolution of infectious inflammation to tissue regeneration Specialized pro-resolving mediators: endogenous regulators of infection and inflammation Lipidomic profiling of influenza infection identifies mediators that induce and resolve inflammation The lipid mediator protectin D1 inhibits influenza virus replication and improves severe influenza Role of omega-3 PUFA-derived mediators, the protectins, in influenza virus infection The specialized proresolving mediator 17-HDHA enhances the antibody-mediated immune response against influenza virus: a new class of adjuvant? B cell activity is impaired in human and mouse obesity and is responsive to an essential fatty acid upon murine influenza infection n-3 PUFAs enhance the frequency of murine B-cell subsets and restore the impairment of antibody production to a T-independent antigen in obesity Lipoxin B4 enhances human memory b cell antibody production via upregulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression Frontline science: aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 controls herpes simplex virus-induced corneal immunopathology Infection regulates pro-resolving mediators that lower antibiotic requirements Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 is produced during self-resolving gramnegative bacterial pneumonia and regulates host immune responses for the resolution of lung inflammation Resolvin D1 decreases adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese-diabetic mice Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity Exacerbated Staphylococcus aureus foot infections in obese/diabetic mice are associated with impaired germinal center reactions, Ig class switching, and humoral immunity Obesity-Induced changes in T-cell metabolism are associated with impaired memory T-cell response to influenza and are not reversed with weight loss Proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and maresin 1 are critical in modulating T cell responses Signaling and immunoresolving actions of resolvin D1 in inflamed human visceral adipose tissue Leukocytes from obese individuals exhibit an impaired SPM signature Resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 govern Local inflammatory tone in obese fat Frontline Science: A reduction in DHA-derived mediators in male obesity contributes toward defects in select B cell subsets and circulating antibody Resolvin E1 derived from eicosapentaenoic acid prevents hyperinsulinemia hyperglycemia in a host genetic manner Alteration of adipose tissue immune cell milieu towards the suppression of inflammation in high fat diet fed mice by flaxseed oil supplementation Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity Impaired local production of proresolving lipid mediators in obesity and 17-HDHA as a potential treatment for obesity-associated inflammation Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: involvement of resolvins RvE1/2 and RvD1/2 Proresolution therapy for the treatment of delayed healing of diabetic wounds Decreased plasma maresin 1 concentration is associated with diabetic foot ulcer Effect of weight loss on neutrophil resolvins in the metabolic syndrome Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by ω-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins Gender differences in the longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid status: systematic review of 51 publications Accelerated resolution of inflammation underlies sex differences in inflammatory responses in humans Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Similarly, administration of dietary DHA ethyl esters, the parent compound of DHA-derived SPMs, also boost antibody levels of obese mice (19, 20) .


id: cord-351305-6vtv2xuh
author: Schramm, Markus A.
date: 2020-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1264
sentence: 44
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt
txt: txt/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt
title:
  COVID-19 in a Severely Immunosuppressed Patient With Life-Threatening Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

summary:
  American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Adult Patients with Rheumatic Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG): TRR 130, project 12 to RV. Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02086 sha: doc_id: 351305 cord_uid: 6vtv2xuh Immunosuppressive therapies increase the susceptibility of patients to infections.


id: cord-340228-mvqoyror
author: Al-Herz, Waleed
date: 2019-05-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2932
sentence: 113
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-340228-mvqoyror.txt
txt: txt/cord-340228-mvqoyror.txt
title:
  Spectrum of Viral Infections Among Primary Immunodeficient Children: Report From a National Registry

summary:
  While most PIDs predispose to a wide spectrum of viral infections, certain diseases enhance vulnerability to specific viral infections (11) . Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01231 sha: doc_id: 340228 cord_uid: mvqoyror Objective: To present the frequency and spectrum of viral infections in primary immunodeficient children.


id: cord-317797-h229skaq
author: Li, Conglei
title: Crosstalk Between Platelets and Microbial Pathogens
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7637
sentence: 218
flesch: 17
cache: cache/cord-317797-h229skaq.txt
txt: txt/cord-317797-h229skaq.txt
summary:
  Platelets are versatile cells: new discoveries in hemostasis, thrombosis, immune responses, tumor metastasis and beyond Platelets and the immune continuum Platelets in thrombosis and hemostasis: old topic with new mechanisms The biology of thrombopoietin and thrombopoietin receptor agonists GPIbalpha is required for platelet-mediated hepatic thrombopoietin generation Mpl expression on megakaryocytes and platelets is dispensable for thrombopoiesis but essential to prevent myeloproliferation The origin and nature of blood plates Dynamic visualization of thrombopoiesis within bone marrow The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors Platelet physiology and immunology: pathogenesis and treatment of classcial and non-classical fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia Extracellular matrix proteins in the regulation of thrombus formation Platelets and hemostasis: a new perspective on an old subject Mechanisms initiating platelet thrombus formation Platelets and platelet adhesion molecules: novel mechanisms of thrombosis and anti-thrombotic therapies Nouvelle cuisine: platelets served with inflammation Platelets as immune-sensing cells Patrolling the vascular borders: platelets in immunity to infection and cancer Platelets: at the nexus of antimicrobial defence Cancer and platelet crosstalk: opportunities and challenges for aspirin and other antiplatelet agents Platelets: versatile effector cells in hemostasis, inflammation, and the immune continuum Cholesterol efflux in megakaryocyte progenitors suppresses platelet production and thrombocytosis Crosstalk between platelets and the immune system: old systems with new discoveries Platelets and infection -an emerging role of platelets in viral infection The era of thromboinflammation: platelets are dynamic sensors and effector cells during infectious diseases Thrombocytopenia and infections Long-term clinical outcomes of patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a danish population-based cohort study Platelets kill intraerythrocytic malarial parasites and mediate survival to infection Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood Low platelet count as risk factor for infections in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective evaluation The immunopathology of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets Sepsis alters the transcriptional and translational landscape of human and murine platelets Anfibatide, a novel GPIb complex antagonist, inhibits platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo in murine models of thrombosis Persistence of platelet thrombus formation in arterioles of mice lacking both von willebrand factor and fibrinogen Analysis of shear stress and hemodynamic factors in a model of coronary artery stenosis and thrombosis Platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis: role of integrins and their ligands Fibrinogen and von willebrand factor-independent platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo Plasma fibronectin depletion enhances platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in mice lacking fibrinogen and von willebrand factor Cadherin 6 has a functional role in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation Plasma fibronectin supports hemostasis and regulates thrombosis Platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis: novel mechanisms of fibrinogenindependent platelet aggregation and fibronectin-mediated protein wave of hemostasis A novel fibrinogen Bbeta chain frameshift mutation in a patient with severe congenital hypofibrinogenaemia Fibrinogen controls human platelet fibronectin internalization and cell-surface retention A cell-based model of thrombin generation Specific roles for platelet surface glycoproteins in platelet function Platelets in atherothrombosis Circulating platelets as mediators of immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis Targeting activated platelets and fibrinolysis: hitting two birds with one stone The maternal immune response to fetal platelet GPIbα causes frequent miscarriage in mice that can be prevented by intravenous IgG and anti-FcRn therapies Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease, and the lupus anticoagulant Platelets: covert regulators of lymphatic development Podoplanin maintains high endothelial venule integrity by interacting with platelet CLEC-2 Platelets regulate lymphatic vascular development through CLEC-2-SLP-76 signaling Podoplanin and CLEC-2 drive cerebrovascular patterning and integrity during development Platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 regulates blood/lymphatic vessel separation by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells Nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain 2 receptor is expressed in platelets and enhances platelet activation and thrombosis Platelet Toll-like receptor expression modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced thrombocytopenia and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vivo Functional expression of CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors on human platelets The non-haemostatic role of platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus Platelet-derived transforming growth factor-beta down-regulates NKG2D thereby inhibiting natural killer cell antitumor reactivity Platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity. In addition to ITP, infections also play an important role in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, in which pathogenic antibodies to the complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin develop post-heparin exposure, leading to lifethreatening complications of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (179, 180) .


id: cord-350041-b1vmnwv2
author: Cena, Hellas
date: 2020-05-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3024
sentence: 92
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt
txt: txt/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt
title:
  Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection?

summary:
  Furthermore, while waiting for clinical trials to shed light on the clinical efficacy and beneficial effects of antibodies and anti-inflammatory cytokines, we highlight nutritionally derived products that may inhibit the inflammatory cytokine secretion caused by COVID-19 infection. Data accumulating from COVID-19 patients indicate that these patients might have a cytokine storm syndrome, with markedly higher levels of IFN-γ, CCL-2, CCL-3, TNF, and the aforementioned IL-6 (30-32).


id: cord-344610-mqq6fmsp
author: Waumans, Yannick
date: 2015-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9117
sentence: 311
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-344610-mqq6fmsp.txt
txt: txt/cord-344610-mqq6fmsp.txt
title:
  The Dipeptidyl Peptidase Family, Prolyl Oligopeptidase, and Prolyl Carboxypeptidase in the Immune System and Inflammatory Disease, Including Atherosclerosis

summary:
  An approach to the role of a membrane peptidase in the immune system Dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the immune system A novel pathway of human T cell activation via a 103 kD T cell activation antigen Cell surface characterization of T lymphocytes and allergen-specific T cell clones: correlation of CD26 expression with T(H1) subsets Phenotypic characterization of CD4+ T cells that exhibit a transendothelial migratory capacity Characterization of the 4C8 antigen involved in transendothelial migration of CD26hi T cells after tight adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) on human T lymphocytes does not mediate adhesion of these cells to endothelial cells or fibroblasts Human Th17 cells express high levels of enzymatically active dipeptidylpeptidase IV (CD26) CD26: a negative selection marker for human Treg cells Human treg cells are characterized by low/negative CD6 expression Cloning and functional expression of the T cell activation antigen CD26 Costimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through CD26: the ADA-binding epitope is not essential for complete signaling Triggering of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells via the Tp103 pathway is dependent on the expression of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex Function of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26, Tp103) in transfected human T cells FcR-mediated crosslinking of Ta1 (CDw26) induces human T lymphocyte activation Internalization of CD26 by mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor contributes to T cell activation CD26-mediated signaling for T cell activation occurs in lipid rafts through its association with CD45RO Coassociation of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) with CD45 on the surface of human T lymphocytes Direct association of adenosine deaminase with a T cell activation antigen The binding site of human adenosine deaminase for CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV: the Arg142Gln mutation impairs binding to cd26 but does not cause immune deficiency The HIV-1 gp120 inhibits the binding of adenosine deaminase to CD26 by a mechanism modulated by CD4 and CXCR4 expression CD26, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine receptors mediate costimulatory signals in the immunological synapse Expression of ecto-adenosine deaminase and CD26 in human T cells triggered by the TCR-CD3 complex. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV on activated T cells as a target molecule for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis The expression of T-cell surface antigens CTLA-4, CD26, and CD28 is modulated by inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV, CD26) activity in murine stress-induced abortions Downregulation of T cell activation following inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 by the N-terminal part of the thromboxane A2 receptor Non-substrate peptides influencing dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 activity and immune cell function Th17 differentiation is the default program for DPP2-deficient T cell differentiation Murine T cells expressing high activity of prolyl endopeptidase are susceptible to activationinduced cell death Expression and functional role of 1F7 (CD26) antigen on peripheral blood and synovial fluid T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients CD26 surface molecule involvement in T cell activation and lymphokine synthesis in rheumatoid and other inflammatory synovitis In active chronic rheumatoid arthritis, dipeptidyl peptidase IV density is increased on monocytes and CD4(+) T lymphocytes Circulating CD26 is negatively associated with inflammation in human and experimental arthritis Serum levels of soluble CD26 and CD30 and their clinical significance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Levels of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 substrates neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide in rheumatoid arthritis patients Activities of dipeptidyl peptidase II and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis Activities of dipeptidyl peptidase II, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, prolyl endopeptidase, and collagenaselike peptidase in synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis Activities of dipeptidyl peptidase II and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in mice with lupus erythematosus-like syndrome and in patients with lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis Neutral aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the development of collagen II-induced arthritis Fibroblast activation protein is expressed by rheumatoid myofibroblast-like synoviocytes Antiarthritic effects of the novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors TMC-2A and TSL-225 Polyarthropathy in type 2 diabetes patients treated with DPP4 inhibitors Sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor)-induced rheumatoid arthritis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report Acute onset of rheumatoid arthritis associated with administration of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with diabetes mellitus Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 expression is reduced in Crohn's disease Fibroblast activation protein expression in Crohn's disease strictures Dipeptidyl peptidase expression during experimental colitis in mice The DPP-IV inhibitor ER-319711 has a proliferative effect on the colonic epithelium and a minimal effect in the amelioration of colitis Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) as regulators of T cell function and targets of immunotherapy in CNS inflammation Inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase activity partially ameliorates colitis in mice Contribution of dipeptidyl peptidase IV to the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in the early phase Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin facilitates restoration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis Biochemical and histological changes in the small intestine of mice with dextran sulfate sodium colitis


id: cord-313431-swkcdvx8
author: Becerra-Diaz, Mireya
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14998
sentence: 499
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-313431-swkcdvx8.txt
txt: txt/cord-313431-swkcdvx8.txt
title:
  Androgen and Androgen Receptors as Regulators of Monocyte and Macrophage Biology in the Healthy and Diseased Lung

summary:
  We have highlighted here how sex hormones contribute to changes in lung macrophage function that contribute to lung disease. Thus, testosterone appears to play a key immunoregulatory role in lung macrophages.


id: cord-304626-ffao7vka
author: Mellors, Jack
title: Viral Evasion of the Complement System and Its Importance for Vaccines and Therapeutics
date: 2020-07-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11774
sentence: 333
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-304626-ffao7vka.txt
txt: txt/cord-304626-ffao7vka.txt
summary:
  Activated C1s cleaves complement proteins C4 and C2 into active fragments C4b and C2a, along with an inactive fragment (C2b), and a proteaseactivated receptor (PAR)1/PAR4 ligand (C4a) which increases endothelial cell permeability (26). Dyn Immune Activ Viral Dis Mechanism for complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in MT2 cells is enhanced entry through CD4, CD21, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors Enhanced inflammation in New Zealand white rabbits when MERS-CoV reinfection occurs in the absence of neutralizing antibody Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection Complement C3 plays a key role in inducing humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza virus strain-specific hemagglutinin-based or crossprotective M2 extracellular domain-based vaccination Complement enhances in vitro neutralizing potency of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB) and immune sera induced by gB/MF59 vaccination GP38-targeting monoclonal antibodies protect adult mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection Structural insights into the mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of flavivirus infection: implications for vaccine development Complement activation is required for induction of a protective antibody response against West Nile virus infection C1q reduces the stoichiometric threshold for antibody-mediated neutralization of West Nile Virus C1q inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infection in vitro and in vivo in an IgG subclass specific manner Complement-mediated virus infectivity neutralisation by HLA antibodies is associated with sterilising immunity to SIV challenge in the Macaque Model for HIV/AIDS C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity Complement activation and complement receptors on follicular dendritic cells are critical for the function of a targeted adjuvant Novel function of complement C3d as an autologous helper T-cell target C3d adjuvant effects are mediated through the activation of C3d-specific autoreactive T cells Construction and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding fusion protein of murine complement C3d-p28 and GP5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Fusion of C3d molecule with neutralization epitope(s) of hepatitis E virus enhances antibody avidity maturation and neutralizing activity following DNA immunization Enhancement of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope by using the molecular adjuvant C3d Immune effect of Newcastle Disease Virus DNA vaccine with C3d as a molecular adjuvant Protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of C3d-fused hemagglutinin Complement, interferon and lupus Complement component 3 regulates IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells following TLR7 activation by a plant Virus-like nanoparticle Complement-mediated regulation of metabolism and basic cellular processes Complement in the brain Interaction between the coagulation and complement system Evolution of the complement system: from defense of the single cell to guardian of the intravascular space Sea urchin coelomocytes specifically express a homologue of the complement component C3 The role of complement in Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate symbiosis and immune challenge in the sea Anemone Aiptasia pallida Specific alterations in complement protein activity of little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) hibernating in white-nose syndrome affected sites The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections Complement-mediated killing of Borrelia garinii-bactericidal activity of wild deer serum Genetic association of the Porcine C9 complement component with hemolytic complement activity Inhibition of the alternative pathway of nonhuman infant complement by Porin B2 contributes to virulence of Neisseria meningitidis in the Infant Rat Model


id: cord-320474-jyk7zphp
author: Bonaventura, Aldo
title: Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies
date: 2020-07-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5094
sentence: 165
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt
txt: txt/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt
summary:
  GM-CSF signals are mediated by the GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSF-R) consisting of a specific ligand-binding α-chain (GM CSF-Rα) and a signal-transducing β-chain (GM CSF-Rβ) ( Figure 1A) . The two-faced cytokine IL-6 in host defense and diseases Identification of predictive biomarkers for cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia Cytokine release syndrome: who is at risk and how to treat Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: recognition and management The biology of GM-CSF: regulation of production and interaction with its receptor Pivotal roles of GM-CSF in autoimmunity and inflammation Alternative modes of GM-CSF receptor activation revealed using activated mutants of the common beta-subunit Glucocorticoids promote apoptosis of proinflammatory monocytes by inhibiting ERK activity GM-CSF-dependent inflammatory pathways GM-CSF in inflammation Differential expression of IFN regulatory factor 4 gene in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages Control of T helper 2 responses by transcription factor IRF4-dependent dendritic cells Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces CCL17 production via IRF4 to mediate inflammation Myocarditis elicits dendritic cell and monocyte infiltration in the heart and self-antigen presentation by conventional type 2 dendritic cells GM-CSF-and IRF4-dependent signaling can regulate myeloid cell numbers and the macrophage phenotype during inflammation Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know Rheumatoid arthritis: opposing actions of haemopoietic growth factors and slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs GM-CSF in inflammation and autoimmunity Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity GM-CSF mediates autoimmunity by enhancing IL-6-dependent Th17 cell development and survival RORgammat drives production of the cytokine GM-CSF in helper T cells, which is essential for the effector phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation Colony stimulating factors and myeloid cell biology in health and disease Orally administered IL-6 induces elevated intestinal GM-CSF gene expression and splenic CFU-GM Inflammasomederived IL-1beta regulates the production of GM-CSF by CD4(+) T cells and gammadelta T cells IL-1beta and TNFalpha promote monocyte viability through the induction of GM-CSF expression by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts G-CSF and IL-8 but not GM-CSF correlate with severity of pulmonary neutrophilia in acute respiratory distress syndrome Modulation of neutrophil apoptosis by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor during the course of acute respiratory distress syndrome The pathogenic involvement of neutrophils in acute respiratory distress syndrome and transfusion-related acute lung injury Novel findings in neutrophil biology and their impact on cardiovascular disease Dual role of GM-CSF as a pro-inflammatory and a regulatory cytokine: implications for immune therapy Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene-modified autologous tumor vaccines in non-small-cell lung cancer Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis makes a significant contribution to clearance of influenza virus infections Alveolar macrophages in the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and tolerance to infection Pathogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus: functional roles of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in limiting virus replication and mortality in mice Alveolar macrophages are indispensable for controlling influenza viruses in lungs of pigs GM-CSF in the lung protects against lethal influenza infection Delivery of GM-CSF to protect against influenza pneumonia Identification of a nerve-associated, lung-resident interstitial macrophage subset with distinct localization and immunoregulatory properties Involvement of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in pulmonary homeostasis Pulmonary epithelial cell expression of GM-CSF corrects the alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice A dual role for the immune response in a mouse model of inflammation-associated lung cancer Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in adults: pathophysiology and clinical approach Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and therapy Aberrant pathogenic GM-CSF + T cells and inflammatory CD14 + CD16 + monocytes in severe pulmonary syndrome patients of a new coronavirus.


id: cord-340475-h0q1m3ed
author: Carnero, Elena
title: Type I Interferon Regulates the Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs
date: 2014-11-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10174
sentence: 408
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-340475-h0q1m3ed.txt
txt: txt/cord-340475-h0q1m3ed.txt
summary:
  The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response Role of human noncoding RNAs in the control of tumorigenesis Conserved long noncoding RNAs transcriptionally regulated by Oct4 and Nanog modulate pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells Long non-coding RNAs in haematological malignancies Non-coding RNAs: regulators of disease Long noncoding RNAs and human disease Long non-coding RNAs: new players in cell differentiation and development Control of Cdc28 CDK1 by a stress-induced lncRNA Long noncoding RNAs in innate and adaptive immunity Unliganded progesterone receptor-mediated targeting of an RNA-containing repressive complex silences a subset of hormone-inducible genes Noncoding RNA and its associated proteins as regulatory elements of the immune system A long noncoding RNA mediates both activation and repression of immune response genes Long noncoding RNA NEAT1-dependent SFPQ relocation from promoter region to paraspeckle mediates IL8 expression upon immune stimuli Long non-coding RNAs and enhancer RNAs regulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human monocytes The human long noncoding RNA lnc-IL7R regulates the inflammatory response The long noncoding RNA THRIL regulates TNFalpha expression through its interaction with hnRNPL A mammalian pseudogene lncRNA at the interface of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapeutics Role of microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs in CD4(+) T-cell differentiation Genome-wide identification of long noncoding RNAs in CD8+ T cells Cutting edge: influence of Tmevpg1, a long intergenic noncoding RNA, on the expression of Ifng by Th1 cells The NeST long ncRNA controls microbial susceptibility and epigenetic activation of the interferon-gamma locus The STAT3-binding long noncoding RNA lnc-DC controls human dendritic cell differentiation lncRNA expression signatures in response to enterovirus 71 infection Evidence for a crucial role of a host non-coding RNA in influenza A virus replication Unique signatures of long noncoding RNA expression in response to virus infection and altered innate immune signaling Annotation of long non-coding RNAs expressed in Collaborative Cross founder mice in response to respiratory virus infection reveals a new class of interferon-stimulated transcripts Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) down-regulated expression by HBx (Dreh) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by targeting the intermediate filament protein vimentin Long noncoding RNA high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor growth through enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in humans Elevation of highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) by hepatitis B virus X protein promotes hepatoma cell proliferation via down-regulating p18 NEAT1 long noncoding RNA and paraspeckle bodies modulate HIV-1 posttranscriptional expression Regulation of type I interferon responses Synergistic activation of inflammatory cytokine genes by interferon-gamma-induced chromatin remodeling and toll-like receptor signaling Complex modulation of cell typespecific signaling in response to type I interferons SOCS proteins, cytokine signalling and immune regulation Alpha interferon induces long-lasting refractoriness of JAK-STAT signaling in the mouse liver through induction of USP18/UBP43 Fine tuning type I interferon responses Interferons and microRNAs Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome Influenza A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems Adenovirus VA RNA-derived miRNAs target cellular genes involved in cell growth, gene expression and DNA repair Effect of adenovirus-mediated RNA interference on endogenous microRNAs in a mouse model of multidrug resistance protein 2 gene silencing Linear models and empirical Bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments Data Analysis Tools for DNA Microarrays GENCODE: the reference human genome annotation for the ENCODE project The UCSC genome browser database: 2014 update CPC: assess the protein-coding potential of transcripts using sequence features and support vector machine Coding-potential assessment tool using an alignment-free logistic regression model LNCipedia: a database for annotated human lncRNA transcript sequences and structures ISR2 and 12 also shared a negative correlation with response to viral infection and IFN pathway genes.


id: cord-264814-v4wnmg03
author: Flanagan, Katie L.
title: Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines
date: 2020-10-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 15157
sentence: 491
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt
txt: txt/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt
summary:
  Med Hypotheses Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcgammaRII-dependent entry into B cells in vitro Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization Monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus Monoclonal antibodies to the spike protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus mediate antibody-dependent enhancement of infection of feline macrophages Evaluation of modified vaccinia virus ankara based recombinant SARS vaccine in ferrets Molecular mechanism for antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus entry Distinct systems serology features in children, elderly and COVID patients. The standardization of a range of assays to support vaccine studies, such as viral neutralization assays, to enable comparison of different vaccine candidates in different populations will be key to facilitating vaccine development, an issue which represents a current focus of the WHO (43).


id: cord-307813-elom30nx
author: Yip, Tsz-Fung
title: Advancements in Host-Based Interventions for Influenza Treatment
date: 2018-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 15110
sentence: 474
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-307813-elom30nx.txt
txt: txt/cord-307813-elom30nx.txt
summary:
  Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections Protection from lethal influenza virus challenge by oral type 1 interferon Low-dose oral interferon alpha as prophylaxis against viral respiratory illness: a double-blind, parallel controlled trial during an influenza pandemic year IFNlambda is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNalpha treatment Pathogenic potential of interferon alphabeta in acute influenza infection The superiority of IFN-lambda as a therapeutic candidate to control acute influenza viral lung infection Type I interferon induction during influenza virus infection increases susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by negative regulation of gammadelta T cells Interferon-lambda mediates non-redundant front-line antiviral protection against influenza virus infection without compromising host fitness RIG-I activation protects and rescues from lethal influenza virus infection and bacterial superinfection Antiviral effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor on H5N1 infection in vitro Avian influenza A H7N9 virus induces severe pneumonia in mice without prior adaptation and responds to a combination of zanamivir and COX-2 inhibitor Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in H5N1 viral pathogenesis and the potential use of its inhibitors Targeted prostaglandin E2 inhibition enhances antiviral immunity through induction of type I interferon and apoptosis in macrophages Modified Jiu Wei Qiang Huo decoction improves dysfunctional metabolomics in influenza A pneumoniainfected mice Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation Cutting edge: There is an urgent need to search for alternative targets to treat influenza virus infections, including non-viral targets such as host cellular factors; which are promising as viruses rely on the host machinery for replication.


id: cord-351431-xcqz9d3t
author: Wang, Jun
title: Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19
date: 2020-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4524
sentence: 191
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt
txt: txt/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt
summary:
  The laboratory test of each patient on the day of hospital admission showed that the median neutrophil count in severe COVID-19 patients (3.4, IQR: 1.8-6.7) was higher than in the moderate (3.0, 2.4-3.6) and mild (2.9, 2.3-3.5) groups. In contrast, lymphocyte and monocyte counts in severe COVID-19 patients were lower than in the other two groups ( Principal component analysis was performed to visualize the contribution of all mentioned clinical parameters on disease severity (Figure 2A) .


id: cord-321401-w4ne60fn
author: Schrumpf, Jasmijn A.
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10396
sentence: 258
flesch: 19
cache: cache/cord-321401-w4ne60fn.txt
txt: txt/cord-321401-w4ne60fn.txt
title:
  Impact of the Local Inflammatory Environment on Mucosal Vitamin D Metabolism and Signaling in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases

summary:
  The emerging role of extracellular molecular events in sustaining intestinal inflammation Vitamin D decreases respiratory syncytial virus induction of NF-kappaB-linked chemokines and cytokines in airway epithelium while maintaining the antiviral state Vitamin D enhances production of soluble ST2, inhibiting the action of IL-33 Regulation of immune function by vitamin D and Its use in diseases of immunity Vitamin D in asthma: mechanisms of action and considerations for clinical trials Accelerated ageing of the lung in COPD: new concepts Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action Klotho: an antiaging protein involved in mineral and vitamin D metabolism Fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho contribute to airway inflammation Klotho expression is reduced in COPD airway epithelial cells: effects on inflammation and oxidant injury Critical roles of intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor signaling in controlling gut mucosal inflammation Imbalance of autophagy and apoptosis in intestinal epithelium lacking the vitamin D receptor Autophagy and inflammation in chronic respiratory disease Autophagy proteins are required for club cell structure and function in airways Corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Reversing the defective induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells in glucocorticoid-resistant asthma patients Vitamin D levels, lung function, and steroid response in adult asthma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-deficiency enhances oxidative stress and corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma exacerbation Vitamin D downregulates the IL-23 receptor pathway in human mucosal group 3 innate lymphoid cells Vitamin D counteracts an IL-23-dependent IL-17A(+)IFN-γ(+) response driven by urban particulate matter Comparative effect of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 on Th17 cell differentiation Enhanced production of IL-17A in patients with severe asthma is inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a glucocorticoidindependent fashion Novel regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (24(OH)ase) transcription by glucocorticoids: cooperative effects of the glucocorticoid receptor, C/EBPβ, and the Vitamin D receptor in 24(OH)ase transcription Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Vitamin D enters the circulation either via food intake (plantbased: vitamin D 2 /animal-based: vitamin D 3 ) or as a result of its synthesis in the skin by UVB radiation.


id: cord-273505-pcsw3vmx
author: Liu, Xiaosheng
date: 2020-07-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10785
sentence: 315
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt
txt: txt/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt
title:
  High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects

summary:
  In severe SARS patients, the activation of Th1-related cytokines and chemokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-12) was involved in hyperinflammatory conditions (141) . In a randomized controlled trial, IVIg therapy efficiently improved the serum IgG concentration of severe SARS patients compared to the control group (222) .


id: cord-341513-e6p3lrlf
author: Li, Yunchuan
date: 2017-09-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6143
sentence: 251
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-341513-e6p3lrlf.txt
txt: txt/cord-341513-e6p3lrlf.txt
title:
  Microarray Analysis Identifies the Potential Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Regulating Neuroinflammation during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection

summary:
  First, we used mice brain to understand the regulation of host lncRNAs upon JEV infection. Collectively, we first demonstrated the transcriptomic landscape of lncRNAs in mice brain infected with JEV and analyzed the coexpression network of differentially regulated lncRNAs and mRNAs during JEV infection.


id: cord-338498-3238fz73
author: Kleen, Thomas-Oliver
date: 2020-09-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12549
sentence: 350
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt
txt: txt/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt
title:
  Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends”

summary:
  bioRxiv Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Immune responses to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus during the acute and convalescent phases of human infection Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Clonally diverse CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)CD8(+) T cells persist during fatal H7N9 disease Characterization of human CD8 T cell responses in dengue virusinfected patients from India Severe pandemic H1N1 2009 infection is associated with transient NK and T deficiency and aberrant CD8 responses Human Ebola virus infection results in substantial immune activation This is further supported by a study that screened for the presence of SARS-specific T cells in a cohort of three SARS-CoV-recovered individuals, where CD8+ T cell responses targeting the SARS-CoV membrane and nucleocapsid proteins were found to persist up to 11 years post-infection (70) .


id: cord-320431-0877trhh
author: Frey, Andreas
title: More Than Just a Barrier: The Immune Functions of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma Pathogenesis
date: 2020-04-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 15249
sentence: 457
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-320431-0877trhh.txt
txt: txt/cord-320431-0877trhh.txt
summary:
  Implications for asthma Intrinsic phenotypic differences of asthmatic epithelium and its inflammatory responses to respiratory syncytial virus and air pollution Sputum E-cadherin and asthma severity New insights into airway epithelial barrier function in health and disease Barrier responses of human bronchial epithelial cells to grass pollen exposure House dust mite-induced calcium signaling instigates epithelial barrier dysfunction and CCL20 production Quantitative structural and biochemical analyses of tight junction dynamics following exposure of epithelial cells to house dust mite allergen Der p 1 Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions Characterisation of cell adhesion in airway epithelial cell types using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing Barrier disrupting effects of alternaria alternata extract on bronchial epithelium from asthmatic donors A fungal protease allergen provokes airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma Pollen proteases compromise the airway epithelial barrier through degradation of transmembrane adhesion proteins and lung bioactive peptides Environmental changes could enhance the biological effect of Hop J pollens on human airway epithelial cells Pollen proteolytic enzymes degrade tight junctions PAR2 activation interrupts E-cadherin adhesion and compromises the airway epithelial barrier: protective effect of beta-agonists Interactions of airway epithelium with protease allergens in the allergic response Dust mite-derived Der f 3 activates a pro-inflammatory program in airway epithelial cells via PAR-1 and PAR-2 Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults Human Metapneumovirus: mechanisms and molecular targets used by the virus to avoid the immune system MAPK and heat shock protein 27 activation are associated with respiratory syncytial virus induction of human bronchial epithelial monolayer disruption Rhinovirus-induced barrier dysfunction in polarized airway epithelial cells is mediated by NADPH oxidase 1 Rhinovirus delays cell repolarization in a model of injured/regenerating human airway epithelium Effect of human rhinovirus infection on airway epithelium tight junction protein disassembly and transepithelial permeability Sustained protein kinase D activation mediates respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway barrier disruption Rhinovirus C targets ciliated airway epithelial cells The gene structure and replication of influenza virus newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease Viral protein requirements for assembly and release of human parainfluenza virus type 3 virus-like particles The morphology and assembly of respiratory syncytial virus revealed by cryo-electron tomography Viral diversity in asthma age and respiratorysecretion-specific prevalence of respiratory viruses associated with asthma exacerbation: a literature review Respiratory Syncytial Virus Uses CX3CR1 as a Receptor on Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cultures CX3CR1 as a respiratory syncytial virus receptor in pediatric human lung Human bocaviruses: Possible etiologic role in respiratory infection Human bocavirus: a cause of severe asthma exacerbation in children The effect of corticosteroid treatment on the cell surface glycocalyx of the rat pulmonary alveolus: relevance to the hostparasite relationship in pneumocystis carinii infection Effect of antigen on the glycoconjugate profile of tracheal secretions and the epithelial glycocalyx in allergic sheep Regulation of mucociliary clearance in health and disease Model for the transient subdiffusive behavior of particles in mucus Biological hydrogels as selective diffusion barriers Antimicrobial peptides and innate lung defenses: role in infectious and noninfectious lung diseases and therapeutic applications Role of IgA versus IgG in the control of influenza viral infection in the murine respiratory tract Functions of proteins and lipids in airway secretions Mucins: the frontline defence of the lung Structure and function of the polymeric mucins in airways mucus Structure and function of the cell surface (tethered) mucins Airway mucus function and dysfunction The MUC family: an obituary Mucins and Their Sugars. A concentrations and allergic manifestations in infants Sublingual immunotherapy alters salivary IgA and systemic immune mediators in timothy allergic children Production of salivary immunoglobulin A and suppression of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-induced airway inflammation by local nasal immunotherapy Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited Innate immunity in the lung: how epithelial cells fight against respiratory pathogens Innate immunity in the respiratory epithelium Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation The airway epithelium in asthma DAMPs activating innate and adaptive immune responses in COPD S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 activate airway epithelial cells to produce MUC5AC via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathways Dangerassociated molecular patterns and danger signals in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity Type I interferon response to extracellular bacteria in the airway epithelium The danger within: endogenous danger signals, atopy and asthma Innate and adaptive immune responses in asthma House dust mite allergen induces asthma via Toll-like receptor 4 triggering of airway structural cells Transcription of interleukin-25 and extracellular release of the protein is regulated by allergen proteases in airway epithelial cells TLR4 signaling in stromal cells is critical for the initiation of allergic Th2 responses to inhaled antigen Interleukin-1α controls allergic sensitization to inhaled house dust mite via the epithelial release of GM-CSF and IL-33 Proteases induce production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin by airway epithelial cells through proteaseactivated receptor-2 Allergens and the airway epithelium response: gateway to allergic sensitization Commensal bacteria-derived signals regulate basophil hematopoiesis and allergic inflammation Innate lymphoid cells: critical regulators of allergic inflammation and tissue repair in the lung Klebsiella pneumoniae increases the levels of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human airway epithelial cells Various human epithelial cells express functional Toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 to produce antimicrobial peptides, but not proinflammatory cytokines Role of double-stranded RNA pattern recognition receptors in rhinovirus-induced airway epithelial cell responses Dynamic cross talk model of the epithelial innate immune response to double-stranded RNA stimulation: coordinated dynamics emerging from cell-level noise Respiratory syncytial virus induces TLR3 protein and protein kinase R, leading to increased double-stranded RNA responsiveness in airway epithelial cells Cutting Edge:


id: cord-318630-h6j7iqbm
author: Sinha, Sushmita
title: CD8(+) T-Cells as Immune Regulators of Multiple Sclerosis
date: 2015-12-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9055
sentence: 281
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-318630-h6j7iqbm.txt
txt: txt/cord-318630-h6j7iqbm.txt
summary:
  Tregs cooperatively prevent and cure CD4+ cell-induced colitis Inhibition of follicular T-helper cells by CD8(+) regulatory T cells is essential for self tolerance CD8+CD122+ T cells, a newly identified regulatory T subset, negatively regulate Graves' hyperthyroidism in a murine model Mechanism and localization of CD8 regulatory T cells in a heart transplant model of tolerance Inhibitory CD8+ T cells in autoimmune disease Development of memory-like autoregulatory CD8+ T cells is CD4+ T cell dependent Reversal of autoimmunity by boosting memory-like autoregulatory T cells Essential role of CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells in the recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Two discreet subsets of CD8 T cells modulate PLP(91-110) induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in HLA-DR3 transgenic mice IL-15-dependent CD8+ CD122+ T cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells Ocular immune privilege promoted by the presentation of peptide on tolerogenic B cells in the spleen. Immunohistological analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in the central nervous system in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis Clonal expansions of CD8(+) T cells dominate the T cell infiltrate in active multiple sclerosis lesions as shown by micromanipulation and single cell polymerase chain reaction Oligoclonal expansion of memory CD8+ T cells in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients Multiple sclerosis: T-cell receptor expression in distinct brain regions Neuroantigen-specific CD8+ regulatory T-cell function is deficient during acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis High prevalence of autoreactive neuroantigen-specific CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis revealed by novel flow cytometric assay Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) therapy induces CD8(+) T cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis Therapeutic induction of regulatory, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis HLA-A confers an HLA-DRB1 independent influence on the risk of multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis: a modifying influence of HLA class I genes in an HLA class II associated autoimmune disease Genes in the HLA class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis Opposing effects of HLA class I molecules in tuning autoreactive CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis A pathogenic role for myelin-specific CD8(+) T cells in a model for multiple sclerosis Viral infection triggers central nervous system autoimmunity via activation of CD8+ T cells expressing dual TCRs Myelin antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are encephalitogenic and produce severe disease in C57BL/6 mice Specificity, magnitude, and kinetics of MOG-specific CD8+ T cell responses during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Relapsingremitting central nervous system autoimmunity mediated by GFAP-specific CD8 T cells Blocking initial infiltration of pioneer CD8(+) T-cells into the CNS via inhibition of SHP-2 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice A transgenic model of central nervous system autoimmunity mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T and B cells A critical role for virus-specific CD8(+) CTLs in protection from Theiler's virus-induced demyelination in disease-susceptible SJL mice Bystander CD8 T cell-mediated demyelination after viral infection of the central nervous system Adoptively transferred CD8+ T lymphocytes provide protection against TMEV-induced demyelinating disease in BALB/c mice Transection of major histocompatibility complex class I-induced neurites by cytotoxic T lymphocytes Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell-neuron interactions: perforin-dependent electrical silencing precedes but is not causally linked to neuronal cell death Neuroprotective intervention by interferon-gamma blockade prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated dendrite and synapse loss Axons are injured by antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells through a MHC class I-and granzyme B-dependent mechanism Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in transgenic mice expressing ovalbumin in oligodendrocytes Antigenspecific blockade of lethal CD8 T-cell mediated autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis A Th17-like developmental process leads to CD8(+) Tc17 cells with reduced cytotoxic activity IL-17A secretion by CD8+ T cells supports Th17-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis Immune regulation of multiple sclerosis by CD8+ T cells Regulatory functions of CD8+CD28-T cells in an autoimmune disease model EAE in beta-2 microglobulin-deficient mice: axonal damage is not dependent on MHC-I restricted immune responses The disease-ameliorating function of autoregulatory CD8 T cells is mediated by targeting of encephalitogenic CD4 T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis CD8+ T cells in inflammatory demyelinating disease Immune regulatory CNS-reactive CD8+T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Autoregulatory CD8 T cells depend on cognate antigen recognition and CD4/CD* myelin determinants Defective suppressor cell function mediated by T8+ cell lines from patients with progressive multiple sclerosis Suppressor and cytolytic cell function in multiple sclerosis.


id: cord-286337-qk90xb3a
author: Hanada, Shigeo
title: Respiratory Viral Infection-Induced Microbiome Alterations and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
date: 2018-11-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9815
sentence: 301
flesch: 11
cache: cache/cord-286337-qk90xb3a.txt
txt: txt/cord-286337-qk90xb3a.txt
summary:
  The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses Influenza virus infection decreases tracheal mucociliary velocity and clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Ciliary dyskinesia is an early feature of respiratory syncytial virus infection Depression of monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxidative metabolism and bactericidal capacity by influenza A virus Sustained desensitization to bacterial Toll-like receptor ligands after resolution of respiratory influenza infection Both influenza-induced neutrophil dysfunction and neutrophil-independent mechanisms contribute to increased susceptibility to a secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection Influenza virus-induced immune complexes suppress alveolar macrophage phagocytosis Alteration of pulmonary macrophage function by respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro Depletion of alveolar macrophages during influenza infection facilitates bacterial superinfections Immune impairment of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis during influenza virus pneumonia Effect of virus infection on the inflammatory response. The gut microbiota plays a protective role in the host defence against pneumococcal pneumonia Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity Probiotic bacteria reduced duration and severity but not the incidence of common cold episodes in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial Probiotics for the prevention of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review The microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through type I interferon Oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 enhances protection against influenza virus infection by stimulation of type I interferon production in mice Augmentation of cellular immunity and reduction of influenza virus titer in aged mice fed Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota Microbiota regulates the TLR7 signaling pathway against respiratory tract influenza


id: cord-338092-barmkkwx
author: Geginat, Jens
title: Immunity to Pathogens Taught by Specialized Human Dendritic Cell Subsets
date: 2015-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8604
sentence: 225
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-338092-barmkkwx.txt
txt: txt/cord-338092-barmkkwx.txt
summary:
  Superior antigen cross-presentation and XCR1 expression define human CD11c+CD141+ cells as homologues of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells Human intestinal lamina propria CD1c+ dendritic cells display an activated phenotype at steady state and produce IL-23 in response to TLR7/8 stimulation Does toll-like receptor 3 play a biological role in virus infections? TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis Human dendritic cells -stars in the skin CD207+ CD103+ dermal dendritic cells cross-present keratinocyte-derived Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org antigens irrespective of the presence of Langerhans cells Human dermal CD14(+) cells are a transient population of monocyte-derived macrophages Regulation of dendritic cell function in inflammation Comparative transcriptional and functional profiling defines conserved programs of intestinal DC differentiation in humans and mice Experimental and natural infections in MyD88-and IRAK-4-deficient mice and humans Recognition of nucleic acid and nucleic acid analogs by toll-like receptors 7, 8 and 9 Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency Modular expression analysis reveals functional conservation between human Langerhans cells and mouse cross-priming dendritic cells Antigen delivery to early endosomes eliminates the superiority of human blood BDCA3+ dendritic cells at cross presentation Human CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myeloid dendritic cells secrete IL-10 and display an immuno-regulatory phenotype and function in response to Escherichia coli Selected toll-like receptor agonist combinations synergistically trigger a T helper type 1-polarizing program in dendritic cells Human inflammatory dendritic cells induce Th17 cell differentiation Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated by influenza virus and CD40L drive a potent Th1 polarization Human CD141+ dendritic cells induce CD4+ T cells to produce type 2 cytokines Biology of interleukin-10 Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of IL-10 on human CD8+ T cells An interleukin-21-interleukin-10-STAT3 pathway is critical for functional maturation of memory CD8+ T cells Interferon-lambda and therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection CD141+ dendritic cells produce prominent amounts of IFN-alpha after dsRNA recognition and can be targeted via DEC-205 in humanized mice Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance IL-4 enhances IFN-lambda1 (IL-29) production by plasmacytoid DCs via monocyte secretion of IL-1Ra Human type 2 myeloid dendritic cells produce interferon-lambda and amplify interferon-alpha in response to hepatitis C virus infection Human blood dendritic cell antigen 3 (BDCA3)(+) dendritic cells are a potent producer of interferon-lambda in response to hepatitis C virus Communication between human dendritic cell subsets in tuberculosis: requirements for naive CD4(+) T cell stimulation Crosstalk between human DC subsets promotes antibacterial activity and CD8+ T-cell stimulation in response to bacille Calmette-Guerin Differential response of BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ myeloid dendritic cells to respiratory syncytial virus infection Paramyxovirus infection regulates T cell responses by BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ myeloid dendritic cells HCV glycoprotein E2 is a novel BDCA-2 ligand and acts as an inhibitor of IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells BDCA-2, a novel plasmacytoid dendritic cell-specific type II C-type lectin, mediates antigen capture and is a potent inhibitor of interferon alpha/beta induction Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HIV infection Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination Yellow fever vaccine Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells The form of NY-ESO-1 antigen has an impact on the clinical efficacy of anti-tumor vaccination Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome A potent adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid Dendritic cells (DCs) can express very high levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules, and it is generally accepted that they are the relevant cells to induce the activation (priming) of antigen-specific naive T cells (1, 2) and induce their differentiation into various types of effector T cells.


id: cord-334564-bqh9jkds
author: Raony, Ícaro
title: Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health
date: 2020-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9908
sentence: 280
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt
txt: txt/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt
summary:
  Furthermore, higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IFN-γ) and chemokines were found in SARS patients with severe disease, as compared to individuals with uncomplicated SARS (44) (45) (46) . Therefore, it is possible that the increased levels of IL-6 are related to the cognitive impairments observed in SARS patients.


id: cord-354353-hyz0gmpz
author: Farhangrazi, Z. Shadi
date: 2020-09-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2467
sentence: 78
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt
txt: txt/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt
title:
  Airborne Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2 Partnership: Virus Hitchhiking, Stabilization and Immune Cell Targeting — A Hypothesis

summary:
  For instance, a recent epidemiological study concluded that an increase of 1 µg/m 3 in long-term exposure to fine PM air pollutants (≤2.5 µm, PM 2.5 ) is associated with an 8% increase in COVID-19 mortality rate in the United States (3). While long-term exposure to air pollutants such as PM 2.5 and nitrous dioxide contributes to persistent inflammatory responses and cardiopulmonary diseases (7) , which might increase vulnerability to COVID-19, it is also plausible that depending on the environment SARS-CoV-2 hitchhiking on airborne PM pollutants might be an additional mechanism for spreading the infection.


id: cord-330417-8nnobx8g
author: Herrmann, Marissa
date: 2020-08-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8859
sentence: 286
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-330417-8nnobx8g.txt
txt: txt/cord-330417-8nnobx8g.txt
title:
  Analysis of Co-inhibitory Receptor Expression in COVID-19 Infection Compared to Acute Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: LAG-3 and TIM-3 Correlate With T Cell Activation and Course of Disease

summary:
  A sequence homology and bioinformatic approach can predict candidate targets for immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of metaanalysis Clinical characteristics of 82 cases of death from COVID-19 COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts Virusspecific memory CD8 T cells provide substantial protection from lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones are protective in vivo HCV-specific CD4+ T cells of patients with acute and chronic HCV infection display high expression of TIGIT and other co-inhibitory molecules PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression Hepatitis C virus-specific CD4+ T cell phenotype and function in different infection outcomes Inhibitory receptor expression depends more dominantly on differentiation and activation than exhaustion of human CD8 T cells Human effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses to smallpox and yellow fever vaccines Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptor pathways in infectious disease Coexpression of PD-1, 2B4, CD160 and KLRG1 on exhausted HCV-specific CD8+ T cells is linked to antigen recognition and T cell differentiation Exhaustion of activated CD8 T cells predicts disease progression in primary HIV-1 infection Progenitor and terminal subsets of CD8+ T cells cooperate to contain chronic viral infection CD8 T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection and cancer High level of PD-1 expression on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells during acute HCV infection, irrespective of clinical outcome Progressive loss of memory T cell potential and commitment to exhaustion during chronic viral infection Differential expression pattern of co-inhibitory molecules on CD4+ T cells in uncomplicated versus complicated malaria Acute malaria induces PD1+CTLA4+ effector T cells with cell-extrinsic suppressor function Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls CTLA-4-dependent mechanisms prevent T cell induced-liver pathology during the erythrocyte stage of Plasmodium berghei malaria Induction of inhibitory receptors on T cells during plasmodium vivax malaria impairs cytokine production Therapeutic blockade of PD-L1 and LAG-3 rapidly clears established blood-stage Plasmodium infection Combinatorial Tim-3 and PD-1 activity sustains antigenspecific Th1 cell numbers during blood-stage malaria Inhibitory receptors beyond T cell exhaustion The role of PD-1 in acute and chronic infection Clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay on a fully automated system for rapid on-demand testing in the hospital setting Parallel assessment of Th17 cell frequencies by surface marker co-expression versus ex vivo IL-17 production in HIV-1 infection Direct visualization of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during the primary immune response to Epstein-Barr virus in vivo Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Comparison of the integrin α4β7 expression pattern of memory T cell subsets in HIV infection and ulcerative colitis DNAM-1 promotes activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells and tumors Loss of DNAM-1 contributes to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in chronic HIV-1 infection Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection TIM-3 as a marker of exhaustion in CD8 + T cells of active chronic hepatitis B patients The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway affects the expansion and function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells during an acute retroviral infection Acute stimulation generates Tim-3-expressing T helper type 1 CD4 T cells that persist in vivo and show enhanced effector function On the role of the inhibitory receptor LAG-3 in acute and chronic LCMV infection Expression of PD-1/LAG-3 and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells during infection with Plasmodium parasites B and T lymphocyte attenuator restricts the protective immune response against experimental malaria Expression and function of the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA/CD272) on human T cells Antigendriven effector CD8 T cell function regulated by T-bet T-bet:eomes balance, effector function, and proliferation of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 + T cells during primary infection differentiates the capacity for durable immune control Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin Infection history determines the differentiation state of human CD8 + T cells Characterization of T-bet and Eomes in peripheral human immune cells T-bet and eomes are differentially linked to the exhausted phenotype of CD8+ T cells in HIV infection Chronic HIV infection affects the expression of the 2 transcription factors required for CD8 T-cell differentiation into cytolytic effectors Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naïve and memory CD8 T cells in vivo IL-7 is critical for homeostatic proliferation and survival of naïve T cells Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells Modulation of interleukin-7 receptor expression characterizes differentiation of CD8 T cells specific for HIV, EBV and CMV Hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequence variation induces an HCVspecific T-cell phenotype analogous to spontaneous resolution Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: co-inhibitory receptors with specialized functions in immune regulation Cytotoxic T cell-derived granzyme B is increased in severe plasmodium falciparum malaria Different expression characteristics of LAG3 and PD-1 in sepsis and their synergistic effect on T cell exhaustion: a new strategy for immune checkpoint blockade Eomesodermin promotes the development of type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cells. CD8 + T cells predominantly produced IFN-γ, while CD4 + T cells produced Th1 and Th2 cytokines (1, 10) .


id: cord-350492-1s6wtj25
author: Ruscitti, Piero
date: 2020-05-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3732
sentence: 103
flesch: 17
cache: cache/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt
txt: txt/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt
title:
  Severe COVID-19, Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. An Immunomodulatory Perspective to Alleviate the Storm

summary:
  Interestingly, severe COVID-19 is characterized by fever, hyperferritinemia, and a hyper-inflammatory process with a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be responsible for the high rate of mortality. The latter is the result of overwhelming systemic inflammation with a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, quickly progressing to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and eventually to death (23) .


id: cord-333932-aqcllik0
author: Diao, Bo
title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
date: 2020-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3829
sentence: 130
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt
txt: txt/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt
summary:
  T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their numbers and functional state in COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the counts of T cells and serum cytokine concentration from data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls.


id: cord-325353-tx6s4ggu
author: Restori, Katherine H.
title: Neonatal Immunity, Respiratory Virus Infections, and the Development of Asthma
date: 2018-06-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13734
sentence: 380
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-325353-tx6s4ggu.txt
txt: txt/cord-325353-tx6s4ggu.txt
summary:
  Upon discovery of different patterns of T cell response in the mid-1980s [e.g., Th1 vs. Th2 type: reviewed in Ref. Neonatal mouse T cells produce significantly higher levels of IL-4 within 48 h of in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation (32) compared to adult T cells, which typically take several days to produce high levels of Th2 cytokines (33) .


id: cord-325129-faptufak
author: Meini, Simone
title: Understanding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Could the Contact System Be the Key?
date: 2020-08-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5517
sentence: 167
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-325129-faptufak.txt
txt: txt/cord-325129-faptufak.txt
summary:
  structures and functions of a large multi-domain protein Old protein with a new story: Coronavirus endoribonuclease is important for evading host antiviral defenses Contact system: a vascular biology modulator with anticoagulant, profibrinolytic, antiadhesive, and proinflammatory attributes Attenuation of pulmonary ACE2 activity impairs inactivation of des-Arg9 bradykinin/BKB1R axis and facilitates LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration Mechanism of enhanced kinin release from high molecular weight kininogen by plasma kallikrein after its exposure to plasmin Bradykinin receptors: agonists, antagonists, expression, signaling, and adaptation to sustained stimulation Angioedema due to bradykinin dysregulation Bradykinin stimulates IL-6 production and cell invasion in colorectal cancer cells Release of cytokines from isolated lung strips by bradykinin Chloroquine inhibits production of TNF-alfa, IL-1beta and IL-6 from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes/macrophages by different modes Smoking impairs bradykinin-stimulated t-PA release Cellular distribution of human tissue kallikreins: immunohistochemical localization Kinin B1 receptors as a therapeutic target for inflammation Serum proteome changes in dengue virus-infected patients from a dengue-endemic area of India: towards new molecular targets? Endothelial cell permeability during hantavirus infection involves factor XIIdependent increased activation of the kallikrein-kinin system Bradykinin-induced lung inflammation and bronchoconstriction: role in parainfluenze-3 virusinduced inflammation and airway hyperreactivity Tissue kallikrein regulates alveolar macrophage apoptosis early in influenza virus infection The two fACEs of the tissue renin-angiotensin systems: implication in cardiovascular diseases Classical renin-angiotensin system in kidney physiology Unraveling the pivotal role of bradykinin in ACE inhibitor activity Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines Anosmia: differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management Angiotensin-Converting enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2 Identification of Prolyl carboxypeptidase as an alternative enzyme for processing of renal angiotensin II using mass spectrometry Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure Angiotensin-(1-9) ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension via angiotensin type II receptor SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? IL-6-induced high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are typically more related to bacterial rather than to viral infections (11): in COVID-19 patients CRP values are very variable.


id: cord-352960-pfccsgco
author: Gössling, Katharina L.
date: 2017-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3302
sentence: 142
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-352960-pfccsgco.txt
txt: txt/cord-352960-pfccsgco.txt
title:
  Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in an Infant with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability, and Facial Anomaly Syndrome

summary:
  Here, we report the case of a 1-year-old boy of Moroccan consanguineous parents, who was diagnosed at 4 months of age with ICF syndrome with a homozygous missense mutation in the DNMT3B gene. This is one of the first cases of successful HSCT in ICF syndrome.


id: cord-343824-00mqmpzw
author: Qian, Wei
date: 2017-07-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6262
sentence: 223
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-343824-00mqmpzw.txt
txt: txt/cord-343824-00mqmpzw.txt
title:
  The C-Terminal Effector Domain of Non-Structural Protein 1 of Influenza A Virus Blocks IFN-β Production by Targeting TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3

summary:
  Although all types of influenza virus NS1 proteins interact with TRIM25, only part of NS1 prevents IRF3 activation, indicating that TRIM25 is not required for the inhibition of IRF3 activation. It is noteworthy that cells infected with viruses expressing NS1 proteins in seasonal H3N2 and H2N2 viruses do not inhibit IRF3 activation.


id: cord-344093-3bniy5b5
author: Peteranderl, Christin
date: 2017-03-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12579
sentence: 335
flesch: 18
cache: cache/cord-344093-3bniy5b5.txt
txt: txt/cord-344093-3bniy5b5.txt
title:
  The Impact of the Interferon/TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Signaling Axis on Disease Progression in Respiratory Viral Infection and Beyond

summary:
  In addition, Davidson et al. (74) demonstrated that type I IFN application to IAVinfected mice increased morbidity and lung injury, which could be attributed to both DR5 and TRAIL upregulation inducing epithelial cell apoptosis. In line, Pinto et al. (92) reported an impairment of T cell responses upon type IFN induction in West Nile virus infection.


id: cord-354620-xf6glr2h
author: Tian, Bin
date: 2020-01-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8918
sentence: 297
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-354620-xf6glr2h.txt
txt: txt/cord-354620-xf6glr2h.txt
title:
  Isolation and Selection of Duck Primary Cells as Pathogenic and Innate Immunologic Cell Models for Duck Plague Virus

summary:
  The expression of IL-6, an inflammatory factor, was also determined after stimulation (Figure 2C) , and the data showed that poly(I:C) induced IL-6 expression in all five types of duck cells. In order to investigate the tropism of DPV in duck cells, duck DEFs, neurons, astrocytes, PBMCs, and monocytes/macrophages were infected with a recombinant virulent virus strain, CHv-GFP, at a low MOI of 0.01 (Figure 4) .


id: cord-346389-gbmnoo84
author: Callender, Lauren A.
title: The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19
date: 2020-08-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10050
sentence: 337
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt
txt: txt/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt
summary:
  Engineering Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial Gilead Announces Results From Phase 3 Trial of Remdesivir in Patients With Moderate COVID-19 Available online at Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in severe and refractory systemic lupus erythematosus Survival after mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in steroidrefractory acute graft-versus-host disease: systematic review and metaanalysis Transplantation of ACE2-mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Extraordinary GUrich single-strand RNA identified from SARS coronavirus contributes an excessive innate immune response Delayed induction of proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of innate antiviral response by the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: implications for pathogenesis and treatment Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab Favorable changes of CT findings in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia after treatment with tocilizumab Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab Dissection of the effects of jak and btk inhibitors on the functionality of healthy and malignant lymphocytes COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments Baricitinib for COVID-19: a suitable treatment? TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: an emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor fedratinib Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients. Given that comorbidities are associated with high mortality among COVID-19 patients, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms that underpin this risk are needed to enable development of appropriate preventative and therapeutic strategies.


id: cord-354030-8tfg881h
author: Dong, Rong
title: Contriving Multi-Epitope Subunit of Vaccine for COVID-19: Immunoinformatics Approaches
date: 2020-07-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7986
sentence: 331
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-354030-8tfg881h.txt
txt: txt/cord-354030-8tfg881h.txt
summary:
  The pdb file of vaccine protein and receptor complex (TLR3, MHC-I, and MHC-II) were used to start the molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The sequence homology of final vaccine protein to human protein sequence shown that there were no significant alignments ( Figure S4 ).


id: cord-352230-8mazd3eu
author: Beeraka, Narasimha M.
title: Strategies for Targeting SARS CoV-2: Small Molecule Inhibitors—The Current Status
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9423
sentence: 274
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-352230-8mazd3eu.txt
txt: txt/cord-352230-8mazd3eu.txt
summary:
  A second, non-canonical RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in SARS Coronavirus Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture Identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase proteins Molecular cloning, expression, and purification of SARS-CoV nsp13 Multiple enzymatic activities associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus helicase Inhibition of SARS coronavirus helicase by bismuth complexes Bismuth complexes inhibit the SARS coronavirus Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Single-dose intranasal administration with mDEF201 (adenovirus vectored mouse interferon-alpha) confers protection from mortality in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model Interferon alfacon 1 inhibits SARS-CoV infection in human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells A new mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV as a lethal model for evaluating antiviral agents in vitro and in vivo Toll like receptor-3 ligand poly-ICLC promotes the efficacy of peripheral vaccinations with tumor antigen-derived peptide epitopes in murine CNS tumor models Nonstructural proteins 7 and 8 of feline coronavirus form a 2: 1 heterotrimer that exhibits primer-independent RNA polymerase activity New nsp8 isoform suggests mechanism for tuning viral RNA synthesis Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies A trial of lopinavirritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection Twoyear prospective study of the humoral immune response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensinconverting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor Structure-based pharmacophore design and virtual screening for novel angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors Role of the ACE2/angiotensin 1-7 axis of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but not ACE, is preferentially localized to the apical surface of polarized kidney cells ACE2-mediated reduction of oxidative stress in the central nervous system is associated with improvement of autonomic function Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 Evaluation of interferon inducers, ribavirin and mouse hyperimmune serum in a pathogenesis/lethal mouse model using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV Enhancement of the infectivity of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice by IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors, including ribavirin Is the anti-psychotic, 10-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) phenothiazine (promazine), a potential drug with which to treat SARS infections?: The molecular biology of SARS coronavirus An overall picture of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome-encoded major proteins: structures, functions and drug development M and N proteins of SARS coronavirus induce apoptosis in HPF cells The SARS-Coronavirus Membrane protein induces apoptosis through modulating the Akt survival pathway Ribonucleocapsid formation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus through molecular action of the N-terminal domain of N protein Structure of the SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein RNA-binding dimerization domain suggests a mechanism for helical packaging of viral RNA Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 7a accessory protein is a viral structural protein SARS coronavirus 7a protein blocks cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase via the cyclin D3/pRb pathway SARS coronavirus protein 7a interacts with human Ap 4 A-hydrolase Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque siRNA targeting the leader sequence of SARS-CoV inhibits virus replication Inhibition of genes expression of SARS coronavirus by synthetic small interfering RNAs Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus replication by small interfering RNAs in mammalian cells Inhibition of SARS-CoV replication by siRNA Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of small interfering RNA targeting SARS coronavirus Screening of drugs by FRET analysis identifies inhibitors of SARS-CoV 3CL protease Recent developments in anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus chemotherapy Deubiquitinating activity of the SARS-CoV papain-like protease Selectivity in ISG15 and ubiquitin recognition by the SARS coronavirus papain-like protease Drug design targeting the main protease, the Achilles' heel of coronaviruses Characterization and inhibition of SARScoronavirus main protease Enzymatic activity of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase dimer


id: cord-323590-m4jsu1q5
author: Ortiz de Landazuri, Iñaki
date: 2020-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4344
sentence: 176
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt
txt: txt/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt
title:
  Manufacturing and Management of CAR T-Cell Therapy in “COVID-19’s Time”: Central Versus Point of Care Proposals

summary:
  Nevertheless, delaying cell therapy as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic could be fatal for the majority of patients with relapsed/refractory malignancies. There exist strict regulations associateds with cell therapy where personnel who develop living drugs must work under sterile and GMP conditions.


id: cord-344829-adlp2rjy
author: de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Carlos
title: The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19
date: 2020-10-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8734
sentence: 280
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt
txt: txt/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt
summary:
  Ionic imbalance has been associated with inflammasome activation in the lung following infections (64) , and consistent with this finding is a recent study by Nieto-Torres et al. showing that E protein from SARS-CoV makes a Ca 2+ permeable channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)/Golgi membrane that results in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased levels of IL-1β (Figure 3 ) (46). However, in regards to inflammasome activation, it seems that ORF3a promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating the ubiquitination of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC and the production of pro-IL-1β by activation of NF-κB, which is independent of the ion-channel role that ORF3a plays.


id: cord-353887-f4yd7guj
author: Tang, Yujun
title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8554
sentence: 316
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt
txt: txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt
summary:
  medRxiv Virus-host interactome and proteomic survey of PMBCs from COVID-19 patients reveal potential virulence factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report First case of COVID-19 in a patient with multiple myeloma successfully treated with tocilizumab A case of novel coronavirus disease 19 in a chronic hemodialysis patient presenting with gastroenteritis and developing severe pulmonary disease Dramatic improvement after Tocilizumab of a severe COVID-19 in a child with sickle cell disease and acute chest syndrome Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: a single center experience Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab Pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in severe patients with COVID-19 Use of tocilizumab for COVID-19 infection-induced cytokine release syndrome: a cautionary case report EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis Negative regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and function by glucocorticoids Down-regulation of cytokine-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology E-Book The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 ( Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-336201-fl606l3b
author: Daryabor, Gholamreza
title: The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System
date: 2020-07-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13880
sentence: 438
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-336201-fl606l3b.txt
txt: txt/cord-336201-fl606l3b.txt
summary:
  The endocrine part is made of different cell types, including α, β, δ, and ε cells that secrete glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and ghrelin hormones, respectively. A humanin analog decreases oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial integrity in cardiac myoblasts Humanin prevents high glucose-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by targeting KLF2 Novel clearance mechanisms of platelets Flow cytometric analysis of platelets type 2 diabetes mellitus reveals 'angry' platelets Platelet activity and hypercoagulation in type 2 diabetes Increased circulating resistin is associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress and platelet activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus Increased levels of soluble adhesion molecules in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus are independent of glycaemic control Molecular mechanisms underpinning microparticle-mediated cellular injury in cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes Association between mean platelet volume in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic macrovascular complications in Japanese patients Increased erythrocyte-and platelet-derived microvesicles in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: have all risk factors the same strength? Advanced glycation end products induce a prothrombotic phenotype in mice via interaction with platelet CD36 Central role of the P2Y12 receptor in platelet activation Long non-coding RNA metallothionein 1 pseudogene 3 promotes p2y12 expression by sponging miR-126 to activate platelet in diabetic animal model Introduction to the human gut microbiota Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived microbial anti-inflammatory molecule regulates intestinal integrity in diabetes mellitus mice via modulating tight junction protein expression Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Metformin effect on gut microbiota: insights for HIV-related inflammation The bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila: a sentinel for gut permeability and its relevance to HIV-related inflammation High glucose decreases intracellular glutathione concentrations and upregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells The role of iron in diabetes and its complications Hyperglycemia promotes microvillus membrane expression of DMT1 in intestinal epithelial cells in a PKCalpha-dependent manner Betacell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes Fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in pancreatic beta-cells during development of type 2 diabetes Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus Establishment of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells underhypoxic condition for cell based therapy Human mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus by reversing peripheral insulin resistance and relieving β-cell destruction A simple method for the generation of insulin producing cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Secretagogin affects insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating actin dynamics and focal adhesion Secretagogin regulates insulin signaling by direct insulin binding.


id: cord-348283-7xorq5ce
author: Naz, Anam
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8223
sentence: 376
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-348283-7xorq5ce.txt
txt: txt/cord-348283-7xorq5ce.txt
title:
  Designing Multi-Epitope Vaccines to Combat Emerging Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Employing Immuno-Informatics Approach

summary:
  Conservation analysis revealed the high similarity between the prioritized epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with MERS and SARS spike protein epitopes ( Table 2 ). This step was executed to better understand the structures of predicted vaccines.


id: cord-320663-xypg6evo
author: Market, Marisa
title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies
date: 2020-06-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14058
sentence: 416
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt
txt: txt/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt
summary:
  A natural killer cell receptor for HLA-B allotypes Molecular clones of the p58 NK cell receptor reveal immunoglobulinrelated molecules with diversity in both the extra-and intracellular domains HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C Mouse CD94/NKG2A is a natural killer cell receptor for the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Qa-1(b) TLR-mediated activation of NK cells and their role in bacterial/viral immune responses in mammals Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells Ly49H signaling through DAP10 is essential for optimal natural killer cell responses to mouse cytomegalovirus infection Human NK cells and herpesviruses: mechanisms of recognition, response and adaptation Cytokine regulation of natural killer cell effector functions Coordinated and distinct roles for IFN-αβ, IL-12, and IL-15 regulation of NK cell responses to viral infection Developmental and functional control of natural killer cells by cytokines. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in fighting SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been directly investigated.


id: cord-340741-bhxm4zua
author: Nayak, Tapas Kumar
date: 2019-04-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8048
sentence: 261
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-340741-bhxm4zua.txt
txt: txt/cord-340741-bhxm4zua.txt
title:
  P38 and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Interact With Chikungunya Virus Non-structural Protein-2 and Regulate TNF Induction During Viral Infection in Macrophages

summary:
  A strong polar interaction was predicted between Thr-180 (within the phosphorylation lip) of p38 and Gln-273 of nsP2, whereas, no such polar interaction was predicted for the phosphorylation lip of JNK which indicates the differential roles of p-p38 and p-JNK during CHIKV infection in the host macrophages. Hence, this information might shed light in rationale-based drug designing strategies toward a possible control measure of CHIKV infection in future.


id: cord-353594-z1vxamvp
author: Gagiannis, Daniel
date: 2020-10-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5017
sentence: 189
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt
txt: txt/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt
title:
  Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Similarities Between Severe COVID-19 and Acute Exacerbation of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD)

summary:
  ANA titers ≥1:320 and/or positive ENA immunoblots were detected in 11/13 (84.6%) COVID-19 patients with ARDS, in 1/9 (11.1%) COVID-19 patients without ARDS (p = 0.002) and in 4/10 (40%) patients with non-COVID-19-associated pneumonias (p = 0.039). Our findings indicate that autoimmune mechanisms determine both clinical course and long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the presence of autoantibodies might predict adverse clinical course in COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-352150-ey9kc7zj
author: Degauque, Nicolas
date: 2016-03-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7862
sentence: 231
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-352150-ey9kc7zj.txt
txt: txt/cord-352150-ey9kc7zj.txt
title:
  Cross-Reactivity of TCR Repertoire: Current Concepts, Challenges, and Implication for Allotransplantation

summary:
  Correlation with immune status Molecular detection and in vivo analysis of the specific T cell response to a protein antigen Statistical analysis of CDR3 length distributions for the assessment of T and B cell repertoire biases Expanded CD8 T-cell sharing between periphery and CNS in multiple sclerosis The blood of healthy individuals exhibits CD8 T cells with a highly altered TCR Vb repertoire but with an unmodified phenotype T cell repertoire alterations of vascularized xenografts Direct recognition of foreign MHC determinants by naive T cells mobilizes specific Vbeta families without skewing of the complementarity-determining region 3 length distribution Highly altered V beta repertoire of T cells infiltrating long-term rejected kidney allografts Immune responses elicited in tertiary lymphoid tissues display distinctive features Improved assessment of T-cell receptor (TCR) VB repertoire in clinical specimens: combination of TCR-CDR3 spectratyping with flow cytometry-based TCR VB frequency analysis Blood T-cell Vbeta transcriptome in melanoma patients Serial blood T cell repertoire alterations in multiple sclerosis patients; correlation with clinical and MRI parameters Serial evolution of TCR beta chain transcript mobilization in HIV type-1-infected patients following vaccine immune stimulation and HAART interruption Operationally tolerant and minimally immunosuppressed kidney recipients display strongly altered blood T-cell clonal regulation Analysis of the peripheral T-cell repertoire in kidney transplant patients Expansion of highly differentiated cytotoxic terminally differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells in a subset of clinically stable kidney transplant recipients: a potential marker for late graft dysfunction Identification of a peripheral blood transcriptional biomarker panel associated with operational renal allograft tolerance The natural history of clinical operational tolerance after kidney transplantation through twenty-seven cases Clinical operational tolerance after kidney transplantation Indirect CD4+ TH1 response, antidonor antibodies and diffuse C4d graft deposits in long-term recipients conditioned by donor antigens priming Functional compartmentalization following induction of long-term graft survival with pregraft donor-specific transfusion Clonal CD8+ T cell persistence and variable gene usage bias in a human transplanted hand TCR repertoire analysis by next generation sequencing allows complex differential diagnosis of T cell-related pathology Defining the alloreactive T cell repertoire using high-throughput sequencing of mixed lymphocyte reaction culture Tracking donor-reactive T cells: evidence for clonal deletion in tolerant kidney transplant patients High-resolution characterization of cytokine-producing alloreactivity in naive and allograft-primed mice The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. At the other range of the resolution spectrum, deep-sequencing of TCR Vβ obtains a full picture of the usage of T cell repertoire with deep or ultra-deep resolution.


id: cord-352737-3ttrx3lf
author: Cunha, Lucas Leite
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6832
sentence: 223
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt
txt: txt/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt
title:
  Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response

summary:
  In fact, diet, exercise, xenobiotic exposure, and other environmental factors may epigenetically affect the metabolic health of immune cells (22) . Reduced neutrophil chemotaxis and infiltration contributes to delayed resolution of cutaneous wound infection with advanced age Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells Reduced release and binding of perforin at the immunological synapse underlies the age-related decline in natural killer cell cytotoxicity Age-related changes in natural killer cell receptors from childhood through old age Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition restores neutrophil accuracy in the elderly: toward targeted treatments for immunosenescence Age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury Functionally distinct hematopoietic stem cells modulate hematopoietic lineage potential during aging by a mechanism of clonal expansion Peripheral blood dendritic cells and monocytes are differently regulated in the elderly Aging of the innate immune system Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 triggers adenosinemediated NETosis and TNF production in patients with DADA2 Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation: a novel defect in the innate immune system of aged individuals Senescence in innate immune responses: reduced neutrophil phagocytic capacity and CD16 expression in elderly humans Effect of age on human neutrophil function Neutrophil ageing and immunesenescence Cellular signaling in the aging immune system Signal transduction and functional changes in neutrophils with aging Effects of aging on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1-induced PMN functions Leukocyte function and life span in a murine model of premature immunosenescence Relation of behaviour and macrophage function to life span in a murine model of premature immunosenescence Oxidativeinflammatory stress in immune cells from adult mice with premature aging Premature aging in behavior and immune functions in tyrosine hydroxylase haploinsufficient female mice.


id: cord-339152-wfakzb6w
author: Trovato, Maria
title: Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies
date: 2020-09-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12011
sentence: 328
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-339152-wfakzb6w.txt
txt: txt/cord-339152-wfakzb6w.txt
summary:
  United States patent US 20120141520 Advanced oxidation technology for the development of a next-generation inactivated West Nile virus vaccine Replication-defective West Nile virus with NS1 deletion as a new vaccine platform for flavivirus Zika virus associated with microcephaly A single-dose live-attenuated vaccine prevents Zika virus pregnancy transmission and testis damage A live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidate induces sterilizing immunity in mouse models A vaccine based on a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector expressing Zika virus structural proteins controls Zika virus replication in mice Construction and evaluation of novel rhesus monkey adenovirus vaccine vectors Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys Preventative vaccines for Zika virus outbreak: preliminary evaluation Recent advances in Zika virus vaccines Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two Zika virus DNA vaccine candidates in healthy adults: randomised, open-label, phase 1 clinical trials Comparison of the virulent Asibi strain of yellow fever virus with the 17D vaccine strain derived from it Live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine: a legacy vaccine still controlling outbreaks in modern day Development of Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine From research to phase III: preclinical, industrial and clinical development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine Pathogenesis of dengue: challenges to molecular biology Antibody-dependent enhancement of severe dengue disease in humans Dengue: status of current and under-development vaccines Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine MV-CHIK: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial Recent progress in vaccine development against Chikungunya virus Effective vaccine for lassa fever Vaccine platforms for the prevention of Lassa fever Vaccines inducing immunity to Lassa virus glycoprotein and nucleoprotein protect macaques after a single shot Isolation of marburg-like virus from a case of haemorrhagic fever in Zaire Vaccines against Ebola virus A review of Phase I trials of Ebola virus vaccines: what can we learn from the race to develop novel vaccines Viruslike particle vaccination protects nonhuman primates from lethal aerosol exposure with marburgvirus (VLP Vaccination Protects Macaques against Aerosol Challenges) Studies for the development of a safer vaccine are still ongoing, and candidate vaccines include a tetravalent Dengue purified inactivated virus vaccine, currently in phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02421367), and two live attenuated tetravalent chimeric TDV (DENVax), and


id: cord-328763-hcbs20a0
author: Ifergan, Igal
title: Potential for Targeting Myeloid Cells in Controlling CNS Inflammation
date: 2020-10-06
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mime: text/plain
words: 11076
sentence: 347
flesch: 27
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summary:
  1 receptor inhibition prevents microglial plaque association and improves cognition in 3xTg-AD mice Pharmacological targeting of CSF1R inhibits microglial proliferation and prevents the progression of Alzheimer's-like pathology Early long-term administration of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 ablates microglia and reduces accumulation of intraneuronal amyloid, neuritic plaque deposition and pre-fibrillar oligomers in 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease The selective M-CSF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Ki20227 suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis Cytokine and chemokine alterations in tissue, CSF, and plasma in early presymptomatic phase of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), in a rat model of multiple sclerosis Csf1R inhibition attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and promotes recovery Inhibition of colony-stimulating-factor-1 signaling in vivo with the orally bioavailable cFMS kinase inhibitor GW2580 Cellular and molecular neuropathology of the cuprizone mouse model: clinical relevance for multiple sclerosis mCSF-induced microglial activation prevents myelin loss and promotes its repair in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis The relative number of macrophages/microglia expressing macrophage colonystimulating factor and its receptor decreases in multiple sclerosis lesions Adverse Event Oncotarget Kinase Inhibit KIT inhibition by imatinib in patients with severe refractory asthma Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both Raf and VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling Bruton's tyrosine kinase: an emerging key player in innate immunity Development of TH1 CD4+ T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages A crucial role for interleukin (IL)-1 in the induction of IL-17-producing T cells that mediate autoimmune encephalomyelitis Generation of pathogenic T(H)17 cells in the absence of TGF-beta signalling The induction of EAE is only partially dependent on TNF receptor signaling but requires the IL-1 type I receptor Inflammasomederived IL-1beta regulates the production of GM-CSF by CD4(+) T cells and gammadelta T cells Myeloid cell transmigration across the CNS vasculature triggers IL-1beta-driven neuroinflammation during autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice Experimental priming of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells requires pertussis toxin-driven IL-1beta production by myeloid cells Critical regulation of early Th17 cell differentiation by interleukin-1 signaling Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats by influencing the activation and proliferation of encephalitogenic cells A small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases Activated IL-1RI signaling pathway induces Th17 cell differentiation via interferon regulatory factor 4 signaling in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis The adhesion molecule and cytokine profile of multiple sclerosis lesions New insights into the role of IL-1beta in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis Involvement of the IL-1 system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: breaking the vicious cycle between IL-1beta and GM-CSF Treating inflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in humans Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12 Role of IL-12 receptor beta 1 in regulation of T cell response by APC in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in IL-12 receptor-beta 2-deficient mice: IL-12 responsiveness is not required in the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system Cutting edge: IL-23 receptor gfp reporter mice reveal distinct populations of IL-17-producing cells Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain Anti-IL-12 antibody prevents the development and progression of multiple sclerosis-like relapsing-remitting demyelinating disease in NOD mice induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide Modulation of susceptibility and resistance to an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis in prototypically susceptible and resistant strains by neutralization of interleukin-12 and interleukin-4, respectively Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-23 therapy inhibits multiple inflammatory pathways and ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis Elevated interleukin-12 in progressive multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity and is normalized by pulse cyclophosphamide therapy Interleukin-12 and perforin mRNA expression is augmented in blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis Decreased interleukin-10 and increased interleukin-12p40 mRNA are associated with disease activity and characterize different disease stages in multiple sclerosis Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions Increased IL-23p19 expression in multiple sclerosis lesions and its induction in microglia Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study Why did IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy fail in multiple sclerosis? In addition to the direct effect on T cells, it was also shown that the decreased ability of miR-155 KO mice to mount inflammatory T cell responses was linked to DCs secreting less cytokines critical for driving T H 1 and T H 17 responses, mainly IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF (199) .


id: cord-350836-1enteev7
author: Brisse, Morgan
title: Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5
date: 2019-07-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 16397
sentence: 379
flesch: 23
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summary:
  Front Immunol Molecular mechanisms of Dicer: endonuclease and enzymatic activity The RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 inhibits Dicer-dependent processing of long double-stranded RNA and blocks RNA interference in mammalian cells Virus sensor RIG-I represses RNA interference by interacting with TRBP through LGP2 in mammalian cells LGP2: positive about viral sensing MDA5 and LGP2: accomplices and antagonists of antiviral signal transduction Negative regulators of the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway Tissue-based map of the human proteome Structural basis for m7G recognition and 2'-O-methyl discrimination in capped RNAs by the innate immune receptor RIG-I Structural basis for dsRNA recognition, filament formation, and antiviral signal activation by MDA5 Molecular imprinting as a signal-activation mechanism of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I Parts, assembly and operation of the RIG-I family of motors The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in doublestranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses The C-terminal regulatory domain is the RNA 5'-triphosphate sensor of RIG-I 5 ′ -Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-Phosphates Nonself RNA-sensing mechanism of RIG-I helicase and activation of antiviral immune responses Cytosolic viral sensor RIG-I is a 5'-Triphosphate-dependent translocase on doublestranded RNA The structural basis of 5' triphosphate double-stranded RNA recognition by RIG-I C-terminal domain RIG-I detects viral genomic RNA during negative-strand RNA virus infection Structural and functional insights into 5'-ppp RNA pattern recognition by the innate immune receptor RIG-I The thermodynamic basis for viral RNA detection by the RIG-I innate immune sensor RIG-I ATPase activity and discrimination of self-RNA versus non-self-RNA Length-dependent recognition of doublestranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid -inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation -associated gene 5 Activation of MDA5 requires higher-order RNA structures generated during virus infection MDA5 detects the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirusinfected cells Visualisation of direct interaction of MDA5 and the dsRNA replicative intermediate form of positive strand RNA viruses A structure-based model of RIG-I activation Toward a crystal-clear view of the viral RNA sensing and response by RIG-I-like receptors Pattern recognition and signaling mechanisms of RIG-I and MDA5 Antiviral RNA recognition and assembly by RLR family innate immune sensors Post-translational control of intracellular pathogen sensing pathways Essential role of the N-terminal domain in the regulation of RIG-I ATPase activity Structural basis for the activation of innate immune pattern-recognition receptor RIG-I by viral RNA Structural and biochemical studies of RIG-I antiviral signaling Negative role of RIG-I serine 8 phosphorylation in the regulation of interferon-beta production Conventional protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) and PKC-β negatively regulate RIG-I antiviral signal transduction Phosphorylation of RIG-I by casein kinase II inhibits its antiviral response RIOK3-mediated phosphorylation of MDA5 interferes with its assembly and attenuates the innate immune response Dephosphorylation of the RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5 by the phosphatase PP1 is essential for innate immune signaling Antagonism of the phosphatase PP1 by the measles virus V protein is required for innate immune escape of MDA5 HDAC6 regulates cellular viral RNA sensing by deacetylation of RIG-I The mechanism of ATP-dependent RNA unwinding by DEAD box proteins Mechanisms of RIG-I-like receptor activation and manipulation by viral pathogens The catcher in the RIG-I Viral RNA detection by RIG-I-like receptors MDA5 cooperatively forms dimers and ATP-sensitive filaments upon binding double-stranded RNA Riplet/RNF135, a RING finger protein, ubiquitinates RIG-I to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection REUL is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase and stimulator of retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I A distinct role of Riplet-mediated K63-Linked polyubiquitination of the RIG-I repressor domain in human antiviral innate immune responses Ubiquitindependent and -independent roles of E3 ligase RIPLET in innate immunity TRIM25 RINGfinger ) RIG-I uses an ATPase-powered translocation-throttling mechanism for kinetic proofreading of RNAs and oligomerization Filament assemblies in foreign nucleic acid sensors IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I-and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction VISA is an adapter protein required for virus-triggered IFN-β signaling Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-κB and IRF3 A common polymorphism in the caspase recruitment domain of RIG-I modifies the innate immune response of human dendritic cells Defective interfering particles with covalently linked [+/-]RNA induce interferon Structure and dynamics of the second CARD of human RIG-I provide mechanistic insights into regulation of RIG-I activation Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation Mitochondria in innate immunity Viral targeting of DEAD box protein 3 reveals its role in TBK1/IKKepsilon-mediated IRF activation Blockade of interferon beta, but not interferon alpha, signaling controls persistent viral infection The effects of dendritic cell hypersensitivity on persistent viral infection A role for neutrophils in viral respiratory disease.


