id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
fbem-30512	1	1	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
fbem-30512	1	2	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	1	3	business	business	NOUN
fbem-30512	1	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
fbem-30512	1	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	1	7	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	1	8	issn	issn	PROPN
fbem-30512	1	9	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	1	10	2766	2766	NUM
fbem-30512	1	11	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	1	12	824x	824x	NUM
fbem-30512	1	13	|	|	ADJ
fbem-30512	1	14	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	1	15	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	1	19	19	NUM
fbem-30512	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	3	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	2	4	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	5	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	7	2025	2025	NUM
fbem-30512	2	8	86	86	NUM
fbem-30512	2	9	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	2	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	2	12	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	13	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	2	15	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	17	case	case	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	18	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	2	20	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	2	21	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	22	diaby	diaby	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	23	zakarya1	zakarya1	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	25	*	*	SYM
fbem-30512	2	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	27	rumbidzai	rumbidzai	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	28	tendai	tendai	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	29	nyakujara1	nyakujara1	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	31	honglan	honglan	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	32	zhu1	zhu1	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	34	arifuggaman	arifuggaman	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	35	arif	arif	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	36	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	2	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	38	ratul	ratul	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	39	miah1	miah1	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	41	orifjonov	orifjonov	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	42	olimjon1	olimjon1	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	43	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	2	44	faculty	faculty	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	45	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	2	46	business	business	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	47	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	48	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	49	huaiyin	huaiyin	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	50	institute	institute	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	51	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	2	52	technology	technology	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	53	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	54	huai’an	huai’an	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	55	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	56	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	57	223001	223001	NUM
fbem-30512	2	58	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	59	china	china	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	60	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	2	61	faculty	faculty	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	62	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	2	63	architecture	architecture	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	64	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	2	65	civil	civil	ADJ
fbem-30512	2	66	engineering	engineering	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	67	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	68	huaiyin	huaiyin	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	69	institute	institute	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	70	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	2	71	technology	technology	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	72	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	73	huai’an	huai’an	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	74	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	75	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	76	223001	223001	NUM
fbem-30512	2	77	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	78	china	china	PROPN
fbem-30512	2	79	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-30512	2	80	corresponding	correspond	VERB
fbem-30512	2	81	author	author	NOUN
fbem-30512	2	82	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	3	1	diaby	diaby	PROPN
fbem-30512	3	2	zakarya	zakarya	PROPN
fbem-30512	3	3	abstract	abstract	PROPN
fbem-30512	3	4	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	3	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	3	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	3	8	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	3	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	3	11	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	3	12	community	community	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	3	14	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	3	15	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	3	16	states	state	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	17	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	3	18	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	3	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	3	20	plays	play	VERB
fbem-30512	3	21	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	3	22	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	3	23	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	3	25	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	3	26	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	3	27	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	28	corridors	corridor	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	3	30	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	3	31	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	3	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	4	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	4	3	persistent	persistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	4	4	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
fbem-30512	4	5	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	4	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	4	7	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	4	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	4	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	4	10	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	4	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	4	12	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	4	13	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	4	14	have	have	AUX
fbem-30512	4	15	hampered	hamper	VERB
fbem-30512	4	16	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	4	17	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	4	18	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	4	19	compete	compete	VERB
fbem-30512	4	20	globally	globally	ADV
fbem-30512	4	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	5	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	3	conducts	conduct	VERB
fbem-30512	5	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	5	5	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	5	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	5	9	four	four	NUM
fbem-30512	5	10	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	5	11	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	5	12	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	13	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	14	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	16	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	18	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	5	21	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	5	22	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	23	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	5	24	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	25	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	5	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	27	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	28	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	29	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	5	30	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	5	31	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-30512	5	32	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	5	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	5	34	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	35	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	5	36	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	5	37	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	5	38	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	5	39	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	5	40	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	6	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
fbem-30512	6	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	6	3	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	6	4	swot	swot	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	6	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	6	7	employed	employ	VERB
fbem-30512	6	8	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	6	9	assess	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	6	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	6	11	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	6	13	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	6	15	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	6	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	6	18	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	19	affecting	affect	VERB
fbem-30512	6	20	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	6	21	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	6	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	7	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	3	reveals	reveal	VERB
fbem-30512	7	4	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	7	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	7	6	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	7	8	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	9	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	7	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	7	11	highest	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	7	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	14	consistently	consistently	ADV
fbem-30512	7	15	achieving	achieve	VERB
fbem-30512	7	16	charnes	charne	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	18	cooper	cooper	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	7	21	rhodes	rhode	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	22	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	23	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	7	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	7	26	banker	banker	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	28	charnes	charne	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	7	31	cooper	cooper	PROPN
fbem-30512	7	32	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	33	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	7	34	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	7	35	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	36	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	7	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	7	38	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	7	39	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	7	40	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	7	41	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	8	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	8	2	superior	superior	ADJ
fbem-30512	8	3	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	4	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	8	5	attributed	attribute	VERB
fbem-30512	8	6	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	8	7	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	8	8	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	8	9	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	10	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	8	11	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	8	12	transshipment	transshipment	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	13	hub	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	8	15	extensive	extensive	ADJ
fbem-30512	8	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	17	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	8	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	8	20	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	8	21	improvements	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	8	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	9	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	9	2	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	9	4	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	9	6	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-30512	9	7	maintaining	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	9	8	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	9	9	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	9	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	9	12	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	9	13	=	=	SYM
fbem-30512	9	14	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	9	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	9	17	experiences	experience	VERB
fbem-30512	9	18	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	19	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	9	20	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	9	21	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	22	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	23	due	due	ADP
fbem-30512	9	24	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	9	25	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	9	27	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	9	28	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	9	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	10	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	10	2	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	10	4	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	10	5	shows	show	VERB
fbem-30512	10	6	steady	steady	ADJ
fbem-30512	10	7	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	10	9	benefiting	benefit	VERB
fbem-30512	10	10	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	10	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	12	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	10	14	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	10	15	remains	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	10	16	constrained	constrain	VERB
fbem-30512	10	17	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	10	18	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	10	19	reliance	reliance	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	20	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	10	21	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	10	22	vridi	vridi	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	23	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	10	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	11	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	11	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	11	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	11	5	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	11	7	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	8	ranks	rank	VERB
fbem-30512	11	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	11	10	lowest	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	11	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	11	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	11	14	facing	face	VERB
fbem-30512	11	15	persistent	persistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	11	16	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	17	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	11	19	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	20	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	21	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	11	22	hinder	hinder	VERB
fbem-30512	11	23	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	11	24	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	11	25	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	11	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	12	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	12	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	12	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	12	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	12	6	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	12	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	9	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	12	11	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	12	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	12	14	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	15	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	16	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	12	18	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	12	19	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	20	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	12	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	13	1	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	2	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	3	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	13	4	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	13	6	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	7	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	13	9	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	13	11	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	12	transport	transport	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	13	linkages	linkage	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	13	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	13	16	stronger	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	13	17	public	public	ADJ
fbem-30512	13	18	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	13	19	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	13	20	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	13	22	ppps	ppps	PROPN
fbem-30512	13	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	13	24	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	13	25	optimize	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	13	26	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	13	28	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	13	29	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	13	30	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	13	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	14	1	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	14	2	contributing	contribute	VERB
fbem-30512	14	3	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	14	4	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
fbem-30512	14	5	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	6	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	14	7	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	14	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	9	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	14	11	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	14	12	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	13	adds	add	VERB
fbem-30512	14	14	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	14	15	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	14	16	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-30512	14	17	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	18	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	14	19	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	14	20	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-30512	14	21	evidence	evidence	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	22	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	14	23	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	24	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	25	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	14	26	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	14	27	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	28	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	14	29	offering	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	14	30	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	14	31	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	32	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	14	33	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	14	35	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	36	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	14	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	14	39	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	40	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-30512	14	41	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	3	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	15	4	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	5	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	7	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	8	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	15	9	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	10	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	15	11	model	model	PROPN
fbem-30512	15	12	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	13	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	15	14	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	15	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	16	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	15	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	18	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	19	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	20	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	21	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	22	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	23	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	24	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	25	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	15	26	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
fbem-30512	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	16	1	1	1	X
fbem-30512	16	2	.	.	X
fbem-30512	16	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	16	5	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	16	6	community	community	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	16	8	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	16	9	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	16	10	states	state	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	16	12	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	16	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	16	14	plays	play	VERB
fbem-30512	16	15	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	16	16	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	16	17	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	16	19	fostering	foster	VERB
fbem-30512	16	20	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	16	21	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	16	22	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	16	24	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	25	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	26	among	among	ADP
fbem-30512	16	27	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	16	28	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	16	29	member	member	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	30	states	state	NOUN
fbem-30512	16	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	17	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-30512	17	2	gives	give	VERB
fbem-30512	17	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	17	4	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	5	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	17	6	reliance	reliance	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	7	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	17	8	maritime	maritime	ADJ
fbem-30512	17	9	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	17	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	17	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	17	14	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	15	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	17	16	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	17	17	factor	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	17	19	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	17	20	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	21	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	17	23	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	17	24	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	25	flows	flow	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	17	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	17	28	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	17	29	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	17	30	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	17	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	18	2	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	18	4	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	6	côte	côte	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	7	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	10	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	15	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	16	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	17	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	18	21	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	22	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	23	togo	togo	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	25	serve	serve	VERB
fbem-30512	18	26	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	18	27	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	28	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	29	hubs	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	31	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
fbem-30512	18	32	access	access	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	33	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	18	34	international	international	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	35	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	36	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	18	37	coastal	coastal	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	18	39	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	40	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	41	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	42	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	18	43	burkina	burkina	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	44	faso	faso	PROPN
fbem-30512	18	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	46	mali	mali	ADJ
fbem-30512	18	47	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	18	48	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	18	49	niger	niger	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	50	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-30512	18	51	shown	show	VERB
fbem-30512	18	52	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	18	53	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	18	54	fig	fig	NOUN
fbem-30512	18	55	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	19	1	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	20	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	20	2	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	20	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	20	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	21	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-30512	21	2	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	21	3	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	21	4	importance	importance	NOUN
fbem-30512	21	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	21	6	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	21	7	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	21	8	face	face	VERB
fbem-30512	21	9	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	21	10	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	21	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	21	12	structural	structural	ADJ
fbem-30512	21	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	21	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	22	1	fontagné	fontagné	ADV
fbem-30512	22	2	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	22	3	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	22	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	22	5	reported	report	VERB
fbem-30512	22	6	issues	issue	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	7	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	22	8	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	22	9	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	22	11	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	12	processing	processing	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	13	delays	delay	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	22	15	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-30512	22	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	17	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	22	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	22	20	weak	weak	ADJ
fbem-30512	22	21	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	22	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	22	24	all	all	PRON
fbem-30512	22	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	22	26	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	22	27	hinder	hinder	VERB
fbem-30512	22	28	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	29	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	22	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	23	1	vessels	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	2	spend	spend	VERB
fbem-30512	23	3	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	23	4	average	average	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	23	6	1.8	1.8	NUM
fbem-30512	23	7	days	day	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	23	9	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	23	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	23	12	poor	poor	ADJ
fbem-30512	23	13	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	14	accounts	account	VERB
fbem-30512	23	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	23	16	more	more	ADJ
fbem-30512	23	17	than	than	ADP
fbem-30512	23	18	40	40	NUM
fbem-30512	23	19	%	%	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	23	21	predicted	predict	VERB
fbem-30512	23	22	transport	transport	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	23	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	23	24	[	[	X
fbem-30512	23	25	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	23	26	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	23	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	1	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	24	2	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	4	road	road	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	24	7	rail	rail	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	8	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	9	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	24	10	boost	boost	VERB
fbem-30512	24	11	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	24	12	exports	export	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	13	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	24	14	11.5	11.5	NUM
fbem-30512	24	15	%	%	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	24	17	gdp	gdp	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	18	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	24	19	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	24	20	%	%	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	22	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
fbem-30512	24	23	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	24	24	need	need	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	25	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	24	26	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	24	27	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	24	28	[	[	X
fbem-30512	24	29	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	24	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	31	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	24	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	33	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	24	34	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	24	35	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	25	1	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	25	2	some	some	DET
fbem-30512	25	3	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	25	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	25	5	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	25	6	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	25	7	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	25	9	have	have	AUX
fbem-30512	25	10	improved	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	25	11	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	25	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	25	13	through	through	ADP
fbem-30512	25	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	25	15	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-30512	25	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	25	17	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	25	18	sector	sector	NOUN
fbem-30512	25	19	involvement	involvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	25	20	[	[	X
fbem-30512	25	21	6	6	NUM
fbem-30512	25	22	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	25	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	26	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	4	several	several	ADJ
fbem-30512	26	5	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	26	7	subsaharan	subsaharan	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	8	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	9	face	face	VERB
fbem-30512	26	10	severe	severe	ADJ
fbem-30512	26	11	administrative	administrative	ADJ
fbem-30512	26	12	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	26	14	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	26	15	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	16	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	18	including	include	VERB
fbem-30512	26	19	douala	douala	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	20	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	21	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	22	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	24	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	25	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	29	dar	dar	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	30	es	es	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	31	salaam	salaam	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	32	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	33	tanzania	tanzania	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	34	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	36	mombasa	mombasa	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	37	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	38	kenya	kenya	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	39	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	41	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	26	42	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	26	43	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	26	44	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	26	45	lagos	lagos	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	46	corridor	corridor	NOUN
fbem-30512	26	47	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	27	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	27	2	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	3	suffer	suffer	VERB
fbem-30512	27	4	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	27	5	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	27	7	slow	slow	ADJ
fbem-30512	27	8	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	9	clearance	clearance	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	27	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	27	13	poor	poor	ADJ
fbem-30512	27	14	gps	gps	PROPN
fbem-30512	27	15	tracking	tracking	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	27	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	27	18	weak	weak	ADJ
fbem-30512	27	19	inland	inland	ADJ
fbem-30512	27	20	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	21	due	due	ADP
fbem-30512	27	22	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	27	23	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
fbem-30512	27	24	road	road	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	27	26	rail	rail	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	27	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	27	28	[	[	X
fbem-30512	27	29	7	7	NUM
fbem-30512	27	30	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	27	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	28	1	figure	figure	NOUN
fbem-30512	28	2	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	28	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	29	1	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	29	2	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	29	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	29	4	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	29	5	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	30	2	8	8	NUM
fbem-30512	30	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	4	according	accord	VERB
fbem-30512	30	5	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	30	6	ouedraogo	ouedraogo	PROPN
fbem-30512	30	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	8	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	30	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	30	12	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	30	14	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	15	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	30	16	leveraged	leverage	VERB
fbem-30512	30	17	deep	deep	ADJ
fbem-30512	30	18	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	19	water	water	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	20	access	access	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	30	22	modernized	modernized	ADJ
fbem-30512	30	23	facilities	facility	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	25	positioning	position	VERB
fbem-30512	30	26	itself	itself	PRON
fbem-30512	30	27	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	30	28	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	30	29	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	30	30	hub	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	31	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	30	32	west	west	PROPN
fbem-30512	30	33	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	30	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	35	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	30	36	other	other	ADJ
fbem-30512	30	37	87	87	NUM
fbem-30512	30	38	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	30	39	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	40	face	face	VERB
fbem-30512	30	41	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	42	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	30	43	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	30	44	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	45	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	30	46	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	30	47	[	[	X
fbem-30512	30	48	9	9	NUM
fbem-30512	30	49	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	30	50	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	31	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	31	2	disparity	disparity	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	31	4	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	5	among	among	ADP
fbem-30512	31	6	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	31	7	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	8	necessitates	necessitate	VERB
fbem-30512	31	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	31	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	31	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	12	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	13	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	31	14	identify	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	31	15	determinants	determinant	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	31	17	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	31	19	propose	propose	VERB
fbem-30512	31	20	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	21	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	31	22	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	31	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	32	1	another	another	DET
fbem-30512	32	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	32	3	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	32	4	pálsson	pálsson	NOUN
fbem-30512	32	5	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	32	6	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	32	7	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	32	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	32	9	konstantinus	konstantinus	PROPN
fbem-30512	32	10	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	32	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	33	1	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	33	2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	33	3	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	33	5	west	west	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	33	7	central	central	PROPN
fbem-30512	33	8	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	33	9	face	face	VERB
fbem-30512	33	10	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	33	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	12	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	33	14	leading	lead	VERB
fbem-30512	33	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	33	16	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	33	17	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	18	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	33	19	shippers	shipper	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	33	21	reduced	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	33	22	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	33	23	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	33	24	[	[	X
fbem-30512	33	25	10	10	NUM
fbem-30512	33	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	33	27	11	11	NUM
fbem-30512	33	28	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	33	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	34	1	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	34	2	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	34	3	other	other	ADJ
fbem-30512	34	4	hand	hand	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	34	6	danladi	danladi	VERB
fbem-30512	34	7	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	34	8	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	34	9	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	34	10	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
fbem-30512	34	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	34	12	need	need	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	13	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	34	14	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	15	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	16	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	34	18	benchmarking	benchmarke	VERB
fbem-30512	34	19	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	34	20	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	34	21	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	22	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	34	24	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	34	25	maritime	maritime	ADJ
fbem-30512	34	26	transport	transport	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	27	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	34	28	[	[	X
fbem-30512	34	29	12	12	NUM
fbem-30512	34	30	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	34	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	2	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	35	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	4	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-30512	35	5	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	6	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	35	8	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	35	9	operators	operator	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	10	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	35	11	key	key	ADJ
fbem-30512	35	12	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	35	13	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	35	14	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	16	2018–2024	2018–2024	NUM
fbem-30512	35	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	18	year	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	19	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	20	name	name	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	22	country	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	24	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-30512	35	25	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	26	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	27	1000	1000	NUM
fbem-30512	35	28	teu	teu	NOUN
fbem-30512	35	29	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	35	30	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-30512	36	1	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	36	2	operators	operator	NOUN
fbem-30512	36	3	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-30512	36	4	vessel	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	36	5	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	36	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	36	7	million	million	NUM
fbem-30512	36	8	teu	teu	NOUN
fbem-30512	36	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	36	10	source	source	NOUN
fbem-30512	36	11	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	36	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	36	13	cote	cote	PROPN
fbem-30512	36	14	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	PROPN
fbem-30512	36	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	37	2	13	13	NUM
fbem-30512	37	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-30512	37	4	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	37	5	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	37	6	600	600	NUM
fbem-30512	37	7	000	000	NUM
fbem-30512	37	8	msc	msc	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	10	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	12	agl	agl	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	14	cit	cit	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	15	2,5	2,5	NUM
fbem-30512	37	16	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	37	17	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	37	18	238	238	NUM
fbem-30512	37	19	195	195	NUM
fbem-30512	37	20	msc	msc	NOUN
fbem-30512	37	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	22	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	24	agl	agl	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	26	cit	cit	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	27	2,5	2,5	NUM
fbem-30512	37	28	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	37	29	840926	840926	NUM
fbem-30512	37	30	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	32	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	34	cit	cit	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	35	2,5	2,5	NUM
fbem-30512	37	36	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	37	37	787314	787314	NUM
fbem-30512	37	38	bal	bal	X
fbem-30512	37	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	40	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	42	1,5	1,5	NUM
fbem-30512	37	43	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	37	44	760149	760149	NUM
fbem-30512	37	45	bal	bal	NOUN
fbem-30512	37	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	47	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	48	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	49	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	37	50	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	37	51	730827	730827	NUM
fbem-30512	37	52	bal	bal	NOUN
fbem-30512	37	53	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	54	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	55	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	56	1,5	1,5	NUM
fbem-30512	37	57	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	37	58	674624	674624	NUM
fbem-30512	37	59	bal	bal	X
fbem-30512	37	60	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	61	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	37	62	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	63	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	37	64	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	37	65	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	37	66	togo	togo	PROPN
fbem-30512	37	67	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	38	2	14	14	NUM
fbem-30512	38	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-30512	38	4	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	38	5	cma	cma	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	7	cgm	cgm	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	9	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	11	msc	msc	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	13	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	14	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	38	15	1900000	1900000	NUM
fbem-30512	38	16	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	18	msc	msc	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	20	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	21	2,2	2,2	NUM
fbem-30512	38	22	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	38	23	1952879	1952879	NUM
fbem-30512	38	24	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	26	msc	msc	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	28	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	29	2,2	2,2	NUM
fbem-30512	38	30	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	38	31	1962304	1962304	NUM
fbem-30512	38	32	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	34	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	36	til	til	ADV
fbem-30512	38	37	2,2	2,2	NUM
fbem-30512	38	38	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	38	39	1725270	1725270	NUM
fbem-30512	38	40	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	42	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	43	2,2	2,2	NUM
fbem-30512	38	44	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	38	45	1500611	1500611	NUM
fbem-30512	38	46	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	47	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	48	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	49	2,2	2,2	NUM
fbem-30512	38	50	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	38	51	1395733	1395733	NUM
fbem-30512	38	52	cmport	cmport	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	53	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	54	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	55	2,2	2,2	NUM
fbem-30512	38	56	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	38	57	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	38	58	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	38	59	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	39	2	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	39	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-30512	39	4	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	39	5	1900000	1900000	NUM
fbem-30512	39	6	gpha	gpha	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	8	mps	mps	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	10	aptm	aptm	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	12	agl	agl	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	13	3,5	3,5	NUM
fbem-30512	39	14	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	39	15	1190695	1190695	NUM
fbem-30512	39	16	gpha	gpha	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	18	mps	mps	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	20	aptm	aptm	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	22	agl	agl	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	23	3,5	3,5	NUM
fbem-30512	39	24	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	39	25	1205546	1205546	NUM
fbem-30512	39	26	gpha	gpha	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	28	mps	mps	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	30	aptm	aptm	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	32	agl	agl	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	33	2,5	2,5	NUM
fbem-30512	39	34	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	39	35	1519276	1519276	NUM
fbem-30512	39	36	gpha	gpha	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	38	mps	mps	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	40	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	42	agl	agl	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	43	2,5	2,5	NUM
fbem-30512	39	44	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	39	45	1248726	1248726	NUM
fbem-30512	39	46	msc	msc	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	47	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-30512	39	48	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	49	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-30512	39	50	gpha	gpha	VERB
fbem-30512	39	51	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	39	52	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	39	53	1000926	1000926	NUM
fbem-30512	39	54	gpha	gpha	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	55	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	56	mps	mps	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	57	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	58	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	59	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	60	agl	agl	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	61	1,5	1,5	NUM
fbem-30512	39	62	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	39	63	1000967	1000967	NUM
fbem-30512	39	64	gpha	gpha	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	65	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	66	mps	mps	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	67	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	68	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	69	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	70	agl	agl	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	71	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	39	72	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	39	73	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	39	74	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	39	75	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	40	2	16	16	NUM
fbem-30512	40	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-30512	40	4	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	40	5	bal	bal	X
fbem-30512	40	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	7	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	9	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	10	3,7	3,7	NUM
fbem-30512	40	11	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	40	12	1566162	1566162	NUM
fbem-30512	40	13	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	15	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	17	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	18	1.5	1.5	NUM
fbem-30512	40	19	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	40	20	1566109	1566109	NUM
fbem-30512	40	21	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	23	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	25	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	26	1.5	1.5	NUM
fbem-30512	40	27	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	40	28	20298223	20298223	NUM
fbem-30512	40	29	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	31	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	33	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	34	3.5	3.5	NUM
fbem-30512	40	35	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	40	36	1073807	1073807	NUM
fbem-30512	40	37	bal	bal	X
fbem-30512	40	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	39	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	41	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	42	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	40	43	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	40	44	1032253	1032253	NUM
fbem-30512	40	45	bal	bal	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	47	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	48	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	49	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	50	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	40	51	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	40	52	1000967	1000967	NUM
fbem-30512	40	53	bal	bal	X
fbem-30512	40	54	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	55	apmt	apmt	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	56	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	57	enl	enl	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	58	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	40	59	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	60	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	40	61	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	40	62	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	40	63	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	64	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	40	65	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	66	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	67	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	40	68	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	40	69	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	40	70	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	71	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	40	72	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	40	73	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	40	74	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	40	75	reveals	reveal	VERB
fbem-30512	40	76	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	40	77	steady	steady	ADJ
fbem-30512	40	78	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	79	trend	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	80	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	81	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	40	82	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	40	83	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	40	84	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	85	more	more	ADJ
fbem-30512	40	86	than	than	ADP
fbem-30512	40	87	doubling	double	VERB
fbem-30512	40	88	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	40	89	capacities	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	90	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	91	reaching	reach	VERB
fbem-30512	40	92	1.6	1.6	NUM
fbem-30512	40	93	million	million	NUM
fbem-30512	40	94	teus	teus	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	95	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	40	96	1.9	1.9	NUM
fbem-30512	40	97	million	million	NUM
fbem-30512	40	98	teus	teus	NOUN
fbem-30512	40	99	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	100	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-30512	40	101	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	40	102	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	40	103	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	40	104	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	41	1	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	41	2	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	41	3	remained	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	41	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	41	5	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	41	6	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	41	7	performer	performer	NOUN
fbem-30512	41	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	41	9	handling	handle	VERB
fbem-30512	41	10	around	around	ADP
fbem-30512	41	11	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	41	12	million	million	NUM
fbem-30512	41	13	teus	teus	NOUN
fbem-30512	41	14	since	since	SCONJ
fbem-30512	41	15	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	41	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	41	17	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	41	18	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	41	19	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	41	20	shown	show	VERB
fbem-30512	41	21	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
fbem-30512	41	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	41	23	peaking	peak	VERB
fbem-30512	41	24	unexpectedly	unexpectedly	ADV
fbem-30512	41	25	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	41	26	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	41	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	42	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	42	2	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	42	3	presence	presence	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	42	5	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	42	6	operators	operator	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	7	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	42	8	msc	msc	PROPN
fbem-30512	42	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	42	10	cma	cma	PROPN
fbem-30512	42	11	cgm	cgm	PROPN
fbem-30512	42	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	42	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	42	14	apmt	apmt	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	15	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	42	16	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	42	17	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	42	20	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	21	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	42	23	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	42	24	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	42	26	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	27	leading	lead	VERB
fbem-30512	42	28	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	42	29	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-30512	42	30	vessel	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	31	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	32	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	42	33	3.5	3.5	NUM
fbem-30512	42	34	million	million	NUM
fbem-30512	42	35	teus	teus	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	36	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	42	37	3.7	3.7	NUM
fbem-30512	42	38	million	million	NUM
fbem-30512	42	39	teus	teus	NOUN
fbem-30512	42	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	42	41	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-30512	42	42	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	43	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	43	2	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	43	4	west	west	PROPN
fbem-30512	43	5	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	43	6	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	43	7	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-30512	43	8	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	43	10	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	43	11	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	43	13	supported	support	VERB
fbem-30512	43	14	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	43	15	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	43	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	17	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	43	19	rising	rise	VERB
fbem-30512	43	20	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	21	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-30512	43	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	44	1	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	44	2	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	44	3	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	44	4	typically	typically	ADV
fbem-30512	44	5	assessed	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	44	6	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	44	7	both	both	CCONJ
fbem-30512	44	8	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	44	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	44	10	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	44	11	indicators	indicator	NOUN
fbem-30512	44	12	[	[	X
fbem-30512	44	13	17	17	NUM
fbem-30512	44	14	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	44	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	45	1	boakye	boakye	PROPN
fbem-30512	45	2	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	45	3	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	45	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	45	5	explained	explain	VERB
fbem-30512	45	6	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	45	7	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	9	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	45	10	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
fbem-30512	45	11	assessed	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	45	12	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	45	13	indicators	indicator	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	14	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	45	15	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	45	16	berth	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	17	occupancy	occupancy	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	45	19	revenue	revenue	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	20	per	per	ADP
fbem-30512	45	21	ton	ton	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	45	23	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	45	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	45	26	vessel	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	27	turnaround	turnaround	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	28	time	time	NOUN
fbem-30512	45	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	46	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	46	3	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	46	4	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-30512	46	5	metrics	metric	NOUN
fbem-30512	46	6	do	do	AUX
fbem-30512	46	7	not	not	PART
fbem-30512	46	8	fully	fully	ADV
fbem-30512	46	9	capture	capture	VERB
fbem-30512	46	10	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-30512	46	11	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-30512	46	12	resources	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	46	13	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	46	14	utilized	utilize	VERB
fbem-30512	46	15	[	[	PUNCT
fbem-30512	46	16	18	18	NUM
fbem-30512	46	17	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	46	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	47	1	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	47	2	address	address	VERB
fbem-30512	47	3	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	47	4	limitation	limitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	47	6	data	data	VERB
fbem-30512	47	7	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	47	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	47	10	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	47	12	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	47	13	widely	widely	ADV
fbem-30512	47	14	applied	apply	VERB
fbem-30512	47	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	47	16	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	17	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	18	across	across	ADP
fbem-30512	47	19	multiple	multiple	ADJ
fbem-30512	47	20	decision	decision	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	21	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	47	22	making	make	VERB
fbem-30512	47	23	units	unit	NOUN
fbem-30512	47	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	47	25	dmus	dmus	PROPN
fbem-30512	47	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	48	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	48	2	19	19	NUM
fbem-30512	48	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	48	4	20	20	NUM
fbem-30512	48	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	48	6	21	21	NUM
fbem-30512	48	7	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	48	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	1	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	49	2	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	49	3	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-30512	49	4	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	5	convert	convert	VERB
fbem-30512	49	6	inputs	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	8	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
fbem-30512	49	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	10	terminal	terminal	ADJ
fbem-30512	49	11	area	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	13	number	number	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	49	15	cranes	crane	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	17	berth	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	18	length	length	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	20	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	49	21	outputs	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	22	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
fbem-30512	49	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	25	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	26	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	28	number	number	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	49	30	vessel	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	31	calls	call	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	49	33	processing	processing	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	34	speed	speed	NOUN
fbem-30512	49	35	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	50	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	50	2	22	22	NUM
fbem-30512	50	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	50	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	51	1	although	although	SCONJ
fbem-30512	51	2	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	51	3	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	51	4	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-30512	51	5	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	51	6	identifying	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	51	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	51	8	rankings	ranking	NOUN
fbem-30512	51	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	51	10	it	it	PRON
fbem-30512	51	11	does	do	AUX
fbem-30512	51	12	not	not	PART
fbem-30512	51	13	explain	explain	VERB
fbem-30512	51	14	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	51	15	underlying	underlie	VERB
fbem-30512	51	16	causes	cause	NOUN
fbem-30512	51	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	51	18	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	51	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	1	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	52	2	complement	complement	VERB
fbem-30512	52	3	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	52	4	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	52	5	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	7	swot	swot	VERB
fbem-30512	52	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	10	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	12	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	14	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	52	17	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	52	19	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	52	20	integrated	integrate	VERB
fbem-30512	52	21	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	52	22	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	52	23	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	52	24	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	25	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	52	26	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	27	affecting	affect	VERB
fbem-30512	52	28	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	52	29	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	53	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	53	2	23	23	NUM
fbem-30512	53	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	53	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	54	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	54	2	combination	combination	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	54	4	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	54	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	54	6	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	54	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	8	enables	enable	VERB
fbem-30512	54	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	54	10	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
fbem-30512	54	11	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	54	13	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	15	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	54	16	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
fbem-30512	54	17	both	both	CCONJ
fbem-30512	54	18	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-30512	54	19	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	20	metrics	metric	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	54	22	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	54	23	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	54	24	assessments	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	54	25	[	[	X
fbem-30512	54	26	24	24	NUM
fbem-30512	54	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	54	28	25	25	NUM
fbem-30512	54	29	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	54	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	55	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	55	2	case	case	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	3	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	4	aims	aim	VERB
fbem-30512	55	5	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	55	6	assess	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	55	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	55	8	compare	compare	VERB
fbem-30512	55	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	55	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	55	12	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	55	13	88	88	NUM
fbem-30512	55	14	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	55	16	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	55	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	55	18	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	55	20	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	55	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	55	23	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	55	24	through	through	ADP
fbem-30512	55	25	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	55	26	application	application	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	27	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	55	28	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	55	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	55	30	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	55	31	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	55	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
fbem-30512	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	56	4	objectives	objective	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	5	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	56	6	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	56	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	8	i	i	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	10	measure	measure	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	11	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	56	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	56	13	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	15	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	56	16	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	56	17	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	56	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	56	19	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	56	20	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	56	21	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	24	ii	ii	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	26	analyze	analyze	VERB
fbem-30512	56	27	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	28	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	29	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	56	30	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	56	31	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	32	2011–2024	2011–2024	NUM
fbem-30512	56	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	35	iii	iii	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	36	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	37	identify	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	56	38	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	56	39	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	56	40	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	56	41	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	42	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-30512	56	43	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	44	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	46	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	56	47	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	48	iv	iv	X
fbem-30512	56	49	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	56	50	propose	propose	VERB
fbem-30512	56	51	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	52	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	56	53	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	56	54	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	56	55	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	56	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	57	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	56	58	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	59	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	56	60	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	57	1	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	57	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
fbem-30512	57	3	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	57	4	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	5	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	57	6	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	57	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	8	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	9	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	57	10	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	57	11	swot	swot	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	12	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	57	13	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	57	14	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	57	15	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	57	17	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	57	18	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	19	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	57	20	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	57	21	holistic	holistic	ADJ
fbem-30512	57	22	perspective	perspective	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	23	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	57	24	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	57	25	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	26	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	57	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	58	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	58	2	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	3	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	58	4	offer	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	58	5	valuable	valuable	ADJ
fbem-30512	58	6	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	7	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	58	8	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	58	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	11	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	58	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	58	14	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	15	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	58	17	developing	develop	VERB
fbem-30512	58	18	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	19	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	58	20	optimize	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	58	21	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	22	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	58	24	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	58	25	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	58	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	59	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	59	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	3	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	59	4	structured	structure	VERB
fbem-30512	59	5	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	59	6	six	six	NUM
fbem-30512	59	7	sections	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	59	9	section	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	10	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	59	11	introduction	introduction	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	59	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	59	14	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	59	16	section	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	17	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	59	18	presents	present	VERB
fbem-30512	59	19	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	59	20	literature	literature	PROPN
fbem-30512	59	21	review	review	PROPN
fbem-30512	59	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	59	23	summarizing	summarize	VERB
fbem-30512	59	24	prior	prior	ADJ
fbem-30512	59	25	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	26	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	59	27	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	28	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	59	30	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	31	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	32	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	59	34	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	59	35	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	59	36	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	37	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	38	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	59	39	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	59	40	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	59	41	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	60	1	section	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	2	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	60	3	details	detail	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	60	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	60	7	explaining	explain	VERB
fbem-30512	60	8	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	60	9	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	60	10	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	11	applied	apply	VERB
fbem-30512	60	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	60	13	selected	select	VERB
fbem-30512	60	14	input	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	15	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	60	16	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	17	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	60	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	60	20	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	60	21	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	60	23	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	60	24	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	60	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	61	1	section	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	61	2	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	61	3	outlines	outline	VERB
fbem-30512	61	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	61	5	results	result	NOUN
fbem-30512	61	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	61	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	61	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	61	9	highlighting	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	61	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	61	11	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	61	12	among	among	ADP
fbem-30512	61	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	61	14	selected	select	VERB
fbem-30512	61	15	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	61	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	62	1	section	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	62	2	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	62	3	discusses	discuss	VERB
fbem-30512	62	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	62	5	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	62	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	62	7	interprets	interpret	VERB
fbem-30512	62	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	62	9	variations	variation	NOUN
fbem-30512	62	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	62	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	62	12	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	62	13	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	62	14	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-30512	62	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	63	1	finally	finally	ADV
fbem-30512	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	63	3	section	section	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	4	6	6	NUM
fbem-30512	63	5	concludes	conclude	VERB
fbem-30512	63	6	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	63	7	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	8	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	63	9	summarizing	summarize	VERB
fbem-30512	63	10	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	63	12	suggesting	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	63	13	areas	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	14	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	63	15	future	future	ADJ
fbem-30512	63	16	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	63	18	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	19	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	63	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	64	1	2	2	X
fbem-30512	64	2	.	.	X
fbem-30512	64	3	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-30512	64	4	review	review	VERB
fbem-30512	64	5	2.1	2.1	NUM
fbem-30512	64	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	65	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
fbem-30512	65	2	background	background	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	3	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	4	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	5	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	65	6	emerged	emerge	VERB
fbem-30512	65	7	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	65	8	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	65	9	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	65	10	component	component	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	65	12	understanding	understand	VERB
fbem-30512	65	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	65	14	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	65	16	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	65	17	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	65	19	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	65	20	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	65	21	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	65	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-30512	65	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	65	25	developing	develop	VERB
fbem-30512	65	26	economies	economy	NOUN
fbem-30512	65	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
fbem-30512	66	2	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	3	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	66	4	production	production	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	5	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	7	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	66	8	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	66	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	66	10	transformation	transformation	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	66	12	inputs	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	14	e.g.	e.g.	ADJ
fbem-30512	66	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	16	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	18	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	20	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	21	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	22	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	66	23	outputs	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	25	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
fbem-30512	66	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	27	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	28	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	30	service	service	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	31	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	32	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	66	34	underpin	underpin	VERB
fbem-30512	66	35	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	66	36	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	66	38	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	39	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	66	40	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	67	1	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	2	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	67	5	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	6	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	67	7	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	67	8	been	be	AUX
fbem-30512	67	9	extensively	extensively	ADV
fbem-30512	67	10	employed	employ	VERB
fbem-30512	67	11	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	67	12	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	67	13	non	non	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	14	-	-	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	15	parametric	parametric	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	16	method	method	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	67	18	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	19	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	20	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	67	21	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-30512	67	22	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	67	23	relative	relative	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	24	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	67	26	decision	decision	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	27	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	67	28	making	make	VERB
fbem-30512	67	29	units	unit	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	30	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	67	31	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	67	32	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	67	33	[	[	X
fbem-30512	67	34	26	26	NUM
fbem-30512	67	35	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	67	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	68	1	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	68	2	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	3	help	help	VERB
fbem-30512	68	4	determine	determine	VERB
fbem-30512	68	5	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	68	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	68	7	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	68	10	offering	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	68	11	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
fbem-30512	68	12	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	13	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	68	14	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-30512	68	15	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	16	utilize	utilize	VERB
fbem-30512	68	17	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	68	18	resources	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	19	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	68	20	maximize	maximize	VERB
fbem-30512	68	21	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	68	22	[	[	X
fbem-30512	68	23	27	27	NUM
fbem-30512	68	24	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	68	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	1	two	two	NUM
fbem-30512	69	2	principal	principal	ADJ
fbem-30512	69	3	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	4	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	5	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	69	6	utilized	utilize	VERB
fbem-30512	69	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	69	8	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	9	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	10	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	69	12	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	69	13	model	model	PROPN
fbem-30512	69	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	15	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	69	16	assesses	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	69	17	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	18	under	under	ADP
fbem-30512	69	19	constant	constant	ADJ
fbem-30512	69	20	returns	return	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	21	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	69	22	scale	scale	VERB
fbem-30512	69	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	24	crs	crs	PROPN
fbem-30512	69	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	69	28	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	69	29	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	69	30	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	32	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	69	33	measures	measure	VERB
fbem-30512	69	34	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	35	under	under	ADP
fbem-30512	69	36	variable	variable	ADJ
fbem-30512	69	37	returns	return	NOUN
fbem-30512	69	38	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	69	39	scale	scale	VERB
fbem-30512	69	40	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	41	vrs	vrs	PROPN
fbem-30512	69	42	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	69	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	70	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	70	2	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	70	3	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	4	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	70	5	essential	essential	ADJ
fbem-30512	70	6	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	70	7	understanding	understand	VERB
fbem-30512	70	8	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	70	9	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	10	's	's	PART
fbem-30512	70	11	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	12	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	70	13	achieve	achieve	VERB
fbem-30512	70	14	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	70	15	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	16	regardless	regardless	ADV
fbem-30512	70	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	70	18	size	size	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	70	20	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	70	21	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	70	22	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	70	23	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	24	adjusts	adjust	VERB
fbem-30512	70	25	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	70	26	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	70	28	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	70	29	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	70	30	clearer	clear	ADJ
fbem-30512	70	31	picture	picture	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	32	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	70	33	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-30512	70	34	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	35	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	70	36	might	might	AUX
fbem-30512	70	37	be	be	AUX
fbem-30512	70	38	influenced	influence	VERB
fbem-30512	70	39	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	70	40	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	70	41	scope	scope	NOUN
fbem-30512	71	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	71	2	28	28	NUM
fbem-30512	71	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	71	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	72	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	72	2	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	3	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	72	4	invaluable	invaluable	ADJ
fbem-30512	72	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	72	6	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	72	8	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	9	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	10	aiming	aim	VERB
fbem-30512	72	11	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	72	12	identify	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	72	13	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	14	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	72	16	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
fbem-30512	72	17	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	72	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	73	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
fbem-30512	73	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	73	3	importance	importance	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	73	5	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	73	8	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	73	9	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	73	11	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	73	13	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	15	extends	extend	VERB
fbem-30512	73	16	beyond	beyond	ADP
fbem-30512	73	17	simple	simple	ADJ
fbem-30512	73	18	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	73	19	metrics	metric	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	20	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	73	21	it	it	PRON
fbem-30512	73	22	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	73	23	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	73	24	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
fbem-30512	73	25	determinant	determinant	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	73	27	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	73	28	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	73	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	74	1	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	2	serve	serve	VERB
fbem-30512	74	3	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	74	4	essential	essential	ADJ
fbem-30512	74	5	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	6	gateways	gateway	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	74	8	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
fbem-30512	74	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	74	10	movement	movement	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	74	12	goods	good	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	74	14	contributing	contribute	VERB
fbem-30512	74	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	74	16	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	74	17	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	74	18	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	74	20	both	both	CCONJ
fbem-30512	74	21	coastal	coastal	ADJ
fbem-30512	74	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	74	23	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	74	24	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	74	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	75	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	75	2	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	75	3	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	75	4	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	75	6	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	7	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	8	play	play	VERB
fbem-30512	75	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	75	10	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
fbem-30512	75	11	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	75	13	supporting	support	VERB
fbem-30512	75	14	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	15	activities	activity	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	75	17	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	75	18	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	75	19	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	75	20	link	link	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	21	between	between	ADP
fbem-30512	75	22	local	local	ADJ
fbem-30512	75	23	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	75	25	international	international	ADJ
fbem-30512	75	26	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	27	routes	route	NOUN
fbem-30512	75	28	[	[	X
fbem-30512	75	29	29	29	NUM
fbem-30512	75	30	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	75	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	76	1	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	76	2	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	3	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	76	4	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	5	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	76	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	76	8	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	76	9	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	76	11	exports	export	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	76	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	76	14	attract	attract	VERB
fbem-30512	76	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
fbem-30512	76	16	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	17	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	76	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	76	19	reliable	reliable	ADJ
fbem-30512	76	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	76	21	timely	timely	ADJ
fbem-30512	76	22	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	23	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	76	24	[	[	X
fbem-30512	76	25	30	30	NUM
fbem-30512	76	26	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	76	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	77	1	past	past	ADJ
fbem-30512	77	2	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	77	3	have	have	AUX
fbem-30512	77	4	underscored	underscore	VERB
fbem-30512	77	5	those	those	DET
fbem-30512	77	6	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	77	7	operating	operate	VERB
fbem-30512	77	8	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	77	9	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	77	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	77	11	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-30512	77	12	tend	tend	VERB
fbem-30512	77	13	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	77	14	drive	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	77	15	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	77	16	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	77	17	more	more	ADV
fbem-30512	77	18	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-30512	77	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	78	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	78	2	instance	instance	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	78	4	baafi	baafi	PROPN
fbem-30512	78	5	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	78	6	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	78	7	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	78	8	founded	found	VERB
fbem-30512	78	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	78	10	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	78	11	correlation	correlation	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	12	between	between	ADP
fbem-30512	78	13	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	78	16	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	78	17	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	78	19	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	78	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	78	21	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	78	22	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	78	23	regions	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	24	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	78	25	betterperforming	betterperforming	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	26	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	27	enjoy	enjoy	AUX
fbem-30512	78	28	enhanced	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	78	29	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	30	volumes	volume	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	78	32	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	78	33	resilience	resilience	NOUN
fbem-30512	78	34	[	[	X
fbem-30512	78	35	31	31	NUM
fbem-30512	78	36	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	78	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	79	1	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	2	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	79	3	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	79	4	well	well	ADV
fbem-30512	79	5	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	79	6	managed	manage	VERB
fbem-30512	79	7	contribute	contribute	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	8	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	79	9	job	job	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	10	creation	creation	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	79	12	income	income	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	13	generation	generation	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	79	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	79	16	increased	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	79	17	government	government	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	18	revenue	revenue	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	19	through	through	ADP
fbem-30512	79	20	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	21	taxes	taxis	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	79	23	fees	fee	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	79	25	forming	form	VERB
fbem-30512	79	26	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	79	27	integral	integral	ADJ
fbem-30512	79	28	part	part	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	79	30	national	national	ADJ
fbem-30512	79	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	79	32	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	79	33	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	79	34	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	79	35	[	[	X
fbem-30512	79	36	32	32	NUM
fbem-30512	79	37	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	79	38	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	80	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
fbem-30512	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	80	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	80	4	ripple	ripple	ADJ
fbem-30512	80	5	effects	effect	NOUN
fbem-30512	80	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	80	7	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	80	8	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	80	9	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	80	10	extend	extend	VERB
fbem-30512	80	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	80	12	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	80	13	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	80	14	within	within	ADP
fbem-30512	80	15	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	80	16	[	[	X
fbem-30512	80	17	33	33	NUM
fbem-30512	80	18	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	80	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	81	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	81	2	nations	nation	NOUN
fbem-30512	81	3	rely	rely	VERB
fbem-30512	81	4	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	81	5	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	81	6	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	81	7	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	81	8	access	access	NOUN
fbem-30512	81	9	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	81	10	international	international	ADJ
fbem-30512	81	11	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-30512	81	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	82	1	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	2	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	82	4	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	82	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	82	6	delays	delay	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	82	8	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	82	9	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	10	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	82	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	82	13	suboptimal	suboptimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	82	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	82	16	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
fbem-30512	82	17	impact	impact	VERB
fbem-30512	82	18	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	82	19	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	20	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	82	21	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	82	22	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	82	23	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	24	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	82	26	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	82	27	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	82	28	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	82	29	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	82	30	[	[	X
fbem-30512	82	31	34	34	NUM
fbem-30512	82	32	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	82	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	83	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-30512	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	83	3	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	83	4	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	83	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	83	6	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	83	7	not	not	PART
fbem-30512	83	8	only	only	ADV
fbem-30512	83	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	83	10	national	national	ADJ
fbem-30512	83	11	concern	concern	NOUN
fbem-30512	83	12	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	83	13	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	83	14	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	83	15	imperative	imperative	NOUN
fbem-30512	83	16	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	83	17	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	83	18	equitable	equitable	ADJ
fbem-30512	83	19	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	83	20	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-30512	83	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	84	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
fbem-30512	84	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	85	1	previous	previous	ADJ
fbem-30512	85	2	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	85	3	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	4	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	85	5	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	7	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	8	around	around	ADP
fbem-30512	85	9	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	85	12	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	85	13	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	85	14	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	15	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	85	16	been	be	AUX
fbem-30512	85	17	progressively	progressively	ADV
fbem-30512	85	18	expanding	expand	VERB
fbem-30512	85	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	85	20	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
fbem-30512	85	21	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	85	22	notable	notable	ADJ
fbem-30512	85	23	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	85	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	86	1	miezah	miezah	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	2	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	86	3	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	86	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	86	5	conducted	conduct	VERB
fbem-30512	86	6	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	86	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	86	8	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	86	9	depth	depth	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	11	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	86	12	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	13	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	86	14	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	86	15	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	86	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	86	18	gateway	gateway	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	19	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	20	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	86	21	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	86	22	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	86	23	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	86	24	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	86	25	[	[	X
fbem-30512	86	26	35	35	NUM
fbem-30512	86	27	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	86	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	87	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	87	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	3	highlighted	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	87	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	87	5	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	87	6	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	7	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	87	8	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	87	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	10	plays	play	VERB
fbem-30512	87	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	87	12	determining	determine	VERB
fbem-30512	87	13	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	87	14	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	15	's	's	PART
fbem-30512	87	16	suitability	suitability	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	17	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	87	18	handling	handle	VERB
fbem-30512	87	19	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	20	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	87	21	noncoastal	noncoastal	ADJ
fbem-30512	87	22	nations	nation	NOUN
fbem-30512	87	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	88	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
fbem-30512	88	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	88	3	abbes	abbe	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	4	et	et	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	5	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	88	6	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	88	7	carried	carry	VERB
fbem-30512	88	8	out	out	ADP
fbem-30512	88	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	88	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	88	11	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	12	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	88	13	assess	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	88	14	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	88	15	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	88	17	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	88	18	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	88	19	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	20	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	88	22	employing	employ	VERB
fbem-30512	88	23	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	24	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	25	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	88	26	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
fbem-30512	88	27	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	28	disparities	disparity	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	88	30	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	88	31	influence	influence	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	32	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	88	33	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	34	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	88	35	specific	specific	ADJ
fbem-30512	88	36	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	37	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	88	38	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	88	39	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	40	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	88	41	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	42	practices	practice	NOUN
fbem-30512	88	43	[	[	X
fbem-30512	88	44	36	36	NUM
fbem-30512	88	45	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	88	46	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	89	1	sakyi	sakyi	PROPN
fbem-30512	89	2	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	89	3	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	89	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	89	5	focused	focus	VERB
fbem-30512	89	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	89	7	service	service	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	8	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	89	10	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	89	11	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	89	13	revealing	reveal	VERB
fbem-30512	89	14	critical	critical	ADJ
fbem-30512	89	15	issues	issue	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	16	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	89	17	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	89	18	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	89	19	service	service	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	20	delivery	delivery	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	89	22	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	89	23	undermines	undermine	VERB
fbem-30512	89	24	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	89	25	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	89	27	reliability	reliability	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	89	29	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	30	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	89	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	90	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	90	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	3	offered	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	90	4	valuable	valuable	ADJ
fbem-30512	90	5	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	6	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	90	7	nonoperational	nonoperational	ADJ
fbem-30512	90	8	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	9	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-30512	90	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	11	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	90	13	including	include	VERB
fbem-30512	90	14	customer	customer	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	15	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	90	17	service	service	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	18	consistency	consistency	NOUN
fbem-30512	90	19	[	[	X
fbem-30512	90	20	37	37	NUM
fbem-30512	90	21	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	90	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	1	another	another	DET
fbem-30512	91	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	3	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	91	4	chilaka	chilaka	ADV
fbem-30512	91	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	6	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	91	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	8	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	91	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	10	explored	explore	VERB
fbem-30512	91	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	91	12	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	91	14	river	river	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	91	16	deep	deep	ADJ
fbem-30512	91	17	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	18	sea	sea	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	19	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	91	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	91	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	23	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	91	24	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	25	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	26	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	91	27	underscore	underscore	VERB
fbem-30512	91	28	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	91	29	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	91	30	importance	importance	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	31	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	91	32	diversified	diversified	ADJ
fbem-30512	91	33	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	34	types	type	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	91	36	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	91	37	implications	implication	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	38	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	91	39	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-30512	91	40	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	41	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	91	42	[	[	X
fbem-30512	91	43	38	38	NUM
fbem-30512	91	44	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	91	45	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	92	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	92	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	92	4	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	5	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	92	6	lisinge	lisinge	PROPN
fbem-30512	92	7	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	92	8	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	92	9	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	92	10	introduced	introduce	VERB
fbem-30512	92	11	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	92	12	unique	unique	ADJ
fbem-30512	92	13	perspective	perspective	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	14	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	92	15	examining	examine	VERB
fbem-30512	92	16	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	92	17	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	92	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	92	20	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	92	21	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	92	22	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	23	within	within	ADP
fbem-30512	92	24	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	92	25	context	context	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	92	27	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	92	28	belt	belt	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	92	30	road	road	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	31	initiative	initiative	NOUN
fbem-30512	92	32	[	[	X
fbem-30512	92	33	39	39	NUM
fbem-30512	92	34	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	92	35	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	93	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	93	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	3	applied	apply	VERB
fbem-30512	93	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	93	5	super	super	ADJ
fbem-30512	93	6	-	-	ADJ
fbem-30512	93	7	efficiency	efficiency	ADJ
fbem-30512	93	8	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	9	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	10	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	93	11	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	93	12	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	13	'	'	PART
fbem-30512	93	14	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	15	under	under	ADP
fbem-30512	93	16	external	external	ADJ
fbem-30512	93	17	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	18	pressures	pressure	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	93	20	international	international	ADJ
fbem-30512	93	21	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	22	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
fbem-30512	93	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	94	1	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	94	3	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	94	4	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	94	5	some	some	DET
fbem-30512	94	6	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	7	benefit	benefit	VERB
fbem-30512	94	8	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	94	9	increased	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	94	10	funding	funding	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	94	12	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	13	efforts	effort	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	94	15	others	other	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	16	struggle	struggle	VERB
fbem-30512	94	17	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	94	18	structural	structural	ADJ
fbem-30512	94	19	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	20	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	94	21	limit	limit	VERB
fbem-30512	94	22	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	94	23	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	94	25	external	external	ADJ
fbem-30512	94	26	support	support	NOUN
fbem-30512	94	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	95	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	95	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	95	4	other	other	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	5	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	6	regions	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	95	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	95	8	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	9	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	95	10	gamassa	gamassa	PROPN
fbem-30512	95	11	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	95	12	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	95	13	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	95	14	worked	work	VERB
fbem-30512	95	15	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	95	16	east	east	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	17	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	18	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	95	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	95	20	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	95	21	useful	useful	ADJ
fbem-30512	95	22	parallels	parallel	NOUN
fbem-30512	95	23	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	95	24	understanding	understand	VERB
fbem-30512	95	25	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	95	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	95	27	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	95	28	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	96	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	96	2	40	40	NUM
fbem-30512	96	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	96	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	97	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	97	2	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	3	show	show	VERB
fbem-30512	97	4	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	97	5	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	97	6	disparities	disparity	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	97	8	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	10	often	often	ADV
fbem-30512	97	11	stem	stem	VERB
fbem-30512	97	12	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	97	13	differences	difference	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	97	15	governance	governance	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	97	17	89	89	NUM
fbem-30512	97	18	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	19	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	97	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	97	22	technology	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	23	adoption	adoption	NOUN
fbem-30512	97	24	[	[	X
fbem-30512	97	25	41	41	NUM
fbem-30512	97	26	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	97	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	98	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	98	2	lessons	lesson	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	3	learned	learn	VERB
fbem-30512	98	4	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	98	5	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	98	6	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	98	7	efforts	effort	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	8	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
fbem-30512	98	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	98	10	need	need	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	11	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	98	12	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	98	13	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	14	frameworks	framework	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	98	16	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	17	tailored	tailor	VERB
fbem-30512	98	18	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	98	19	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	98	20	needs	need	NOUN
fbem-30512	98	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	99	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-30512	99	2	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	99	3	wealth	wealth	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	99	5	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	99	7	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	99	10	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	99	11	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	12	remain	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	99	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	99	14	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-30512	99	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	99	16	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	99	17	context	context	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	99	19	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	99	20	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	21	focused	focus	VERB
fbem-30512	99	22	solely	solely	ADV
fbem-30512	99	23	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	99	24	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	99	25	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	99	26	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	99	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	100	1	many	many	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	2	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-30512	100	3	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	100	4	either	either	CCONJ
fbem-30512	100	5	lack	lack	VERB
fbem-30512	100	6	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	7	cross	cross	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	8	-	-	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	9	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	10	analyses	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	100	11	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	100	12	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	100	13	dated	date	VERB
fbem-30512	100	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	100	15	failing	fail	VERB
fbem-30512	100	16	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	100	17	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
fbem-30512	100	18	recent	recent	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	19	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	100	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	100	21	developments	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	100	22	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	100	23	impact	impact	VERB
fbem-30512	100	24	current	current	ADJ
fbem-30512	100	25	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	100	26	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	100	27	[	[	X
fbem-30512	100	28	42	42	NUM
fbem-30512	100	29	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	100	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	101	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
fbem-30512	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	101	3	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	101	4	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	5	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	6	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	101	7	frequently	frequently	ADV
fbem-30512	101	8	employed	employ	VERB
fbem-30512	101	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	101	10	there	there	PRON
fbem-30512	101	11	is	be	VERB
fbem-30512	101	12	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	101	13	need	need	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	14	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	101	15	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	16	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	101	17	integrate	integrate	VERB
fbem-30512	101	18	advanced	advanced	ADJ
fbem-30512	101	19	variations	variation	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	101	21	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	101	22	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	23	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	101	24	capture	capture	VERB
fbem-30512	101	25	more	more	ADV
fbem-30512	101	26	intricate	intricate	ADJ
fbem-30512	101	27	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	28	distinctions	distinction	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	101	30	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	101	31	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	101	32	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	33	versus	versus	ADP
fbem-30512	101	34	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	101	35	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	101	36	[	[	X
fbem-30512	101	37	43	43	NUM
fbem-30512	101	38	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	101	39	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	102	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
fbem-30512	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	102	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	102	4	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-30512	102	5	often	often	ADV
fbem-30512	102	6	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
fbem-30512	102	7	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	102	8	analyses	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	102	9	without	without	ADP
fbem-30512	102	10	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	102	11	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	102	12	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	102	13	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	102	14	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	102	15	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	102	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	102	17	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	102	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	102	19	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	102	20	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	102	21	face	face	VERB
fbem-30512	102	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	103	1	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	103	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	103	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	103	4	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	103	5	combine	combine	VERB
fbem-30512	103	6	data	data	NOUN
fbem-30512	103	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	103	8	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	103	9	results	result	NOUN
fbem-30512	103	10	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	103	11	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	103	12	considerations	consideration	NOUN
fbem-30512	103	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	103	14	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	103	15	underrepresented	underrepresente	VERB
fbem-30512	103	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	103	17	current	current	ADJ
fbem-30512	103	18	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	103	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	104	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	104	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	3	aims	aim	VERB
fbem-30512	104	4	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	104	5	bridge	bridge	VERB
fbem-30512	104	6	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	104	7	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	8	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	104	9	conducting	conduct	VERB
fbem-30512	104	10	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	104	11	detailed	detailed	ADJ
fbem-30512	104	12	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	104	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	104	15	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	104	16	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	104	18	integrating	integrate	VERB
fbem-30512	104	19	both	both	DET
fbem-30512	104	20	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	104	21	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	104	23	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	104	24	analyses	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	25	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	104	26	offer	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	104	27	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	104	28	holistic	holistic	ADJ
fbem-30512	104	29	view	view	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	30	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	104	31	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	32	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	104	34	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	104	35	positioning	positioning	NOUN
fbem-30512	104	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	105	1	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	105	2	addressing	address	VERB
fbem-30512	105	3	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	105	4	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	5	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	105	7	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	105	8	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	9	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	105	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
fbem-30512	105	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	105	12	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	105	13	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-30512	105	14	body	body	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	105	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	17	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	105	18	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	19	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	105	21	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	105	22	updated	update	VERB
fbem-30512	105	23	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-30512	105	24	evidence	evidence	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	105	26	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	105	27	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	28	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	105	29	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	105	30	guide	guide	VERB
fbem-30512	105	31	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	105	33	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	34	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	105	36	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	105	37	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	105	38	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	39	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	105	40	developing	develop	VERB
fbem-30512	105	41	targeted	target	VERB
fbem-30512	105	42	solutions	solution	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	43	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	105	44	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	105	45	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	46	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	47	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	105	48	support	support	VERB
fbem-30512	105	49	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	105	50	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	51	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	105	52	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	1	3	3	X
fbem-30512	106	2	.	.	X
fbem-30512	106	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	4	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	106	5	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	6	uses	use	VERB
fbem-30512	106	7	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	106	8	mixed	mixed	ADJ
fbem-30512	106	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	10	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	11	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	13	combining	combine	VERB
fbem-30512	106	14	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	106	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	17	via	via	ADP
fbem-30512	106	18	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	19	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	106	20	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	22	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	24	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	106	25	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
fbem-30512	106	26	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	106	27	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	28	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	106	29	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	30	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	31	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	106	32	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	106	33	four	four	NUM
fbem-30512	106	34	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	35	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	36	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	37	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	38	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	39	côte	côte	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	40	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	41	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	43	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	44	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	45	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	46	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	47	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	48	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	49	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	50	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	51	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	52	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	53	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	106	54	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	106	55	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	56	togo	togo	PROPN
fbem-30512	106	57	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	58	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	106	59	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	106	60	13	13	NUM
fbem-30512	106	61	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	62	year	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	63	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	106	64	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	65	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	106	66	-	-	SYM
fbem-30512	106	67	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	106	68	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	106	69	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	107	1	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	2	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	3	assess	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	107	4	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	107	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	107	6	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	107	9	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	107	10	swot	swot	VERB
fbem-30512	107	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	12	examines	examine	VERB
fbem-30512	107	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	107	14	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	107	16	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	107	18	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	107	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	107	21	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	22	associated	associate	VERB
fbem-30512	107	23	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	107	24	each	each	DET
fbem-30512	107	25	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	26	fig.2	fig.2	PROPN
fbem-30512	107	27	shows	show	VERB
fbem-30512	107	28	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	107	29	geographic	geographic	ADJ
fbem-30512	107	30	distribution	distribution	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	31	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	107	32	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	107	33	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	34	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	107	35	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	107	36	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	37	corridors	corridor	NOUN
fbem-30512	107	38	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	108	1	figure	figure	VERB
fbem-30512	108	2	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	108	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	108	4	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	108	5	area	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	108	6	–	–	PUNCT
fbem-30512	108	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	108	8	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	108	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	108	10	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	108	11	corridor	corridor	NOUN
fbem-30512	109	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	109	2	44	44	NUM
fbem-30512	109	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	109	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	110	2	selection	selection	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	110	4	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	110	5	four	four	NUM
fbem-30512	110	6	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	8	see	see	VERB
fbem-30512	110	9	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	10	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	110	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	12	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	110	13	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
fbem-30512	110	14	units	unit	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	16	dmus	dmus	PROPN
fbem-30512	110	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	18	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	110	19	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	110	20	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	110	21	several	several	ADJ
fbem-30512	110	22	criteria	criterion	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	24	including	include	VERB
fbem-30512	110	25	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	110	26	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	27	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	28	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	30	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	31	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	110	32	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	110	33	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	34	corridors	corridor	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	36	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	110	37	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	110	38	availability	availability	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	39	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	110	40	reliable	reliable	ADJ
fbem-30512	110	41	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	42	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	110	43	robust	robust	ADJ
fbem-30512	110	44	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	110	45	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	110	46	[	[	X
fbem-30512	110	47	45	45	NUM
fbem-30512	110	48	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	110	49	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	111	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	111	2	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	3	used	use	VERB
fbem-30512	111	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	111	5	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	111	6	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	7	comes	come	VERB
fbem-30512	111	8	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	111	9	official	official	ADJ
fbem-30512	111	10	reports	report	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	11	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	111	12	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	13	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	111	15	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	111	16	organizations	organization	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	111	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	111	19	international	international	ADJ
fbem-30512	111	20	institutions	institution	NOUN
fbem-30512	111	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	112	2	main	main	ADJ
fbem-30512	112	3	sources	source	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	4	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	112	5	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	6	reports	report	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	7	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	112	8	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	112	9	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	112	11	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	112	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	13	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	15	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	112	18	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	112	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	20	publications	publication	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	21	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	112	22	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	112	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	112	24	world	world	PROPN
fbem-30512	112	25	bank	bank	PROPN
fbem-30512	112	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	27	unctad	unctad	PROPN
fbem-30512	112	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	112	29	as	as	ADV
fbem-30512	112	30	well	well	ADV
fbem-30512	112	31	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	112	32	databases	database	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	33	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	112	34	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	112	35	world	world	NOUN
fbem-30512	112	36	bank	bank	PROPN
fbem-30512	112	37	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	112	38	unctad	unctad	NOUN
fbem-30512	113	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	113	2	46	46	NUM
fbem-30512	113	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	113	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	114	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	114	2	sources	source	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	3	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	114	4	detailed	detailed	ADJ
fbem-30512	114	5	information	information	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	114	7	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	114	10	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	11	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	114	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	114	14	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	15	flows	flow	NOUN
fbem-30512	114	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	115	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
fbem-30512	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	115	3	academic	academic	ADJ
fbem-30512	115	4	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	115	5	were	be	AUX
fbem-30512	115	6	reviewed	review	VERB
fbem-30512	115	7	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	115	8	better	well	ADV
fbem-30512	115	9	understand	understand	VERB
fbem-30512	115	10	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	115	11	developments	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	115	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	115	13	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	115	14	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	115	15	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	115	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	116	1	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	116	2	assess	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	116	3	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	4	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	116	6	data	data	VERB
fbem-30512	116	7	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	116	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	116	10	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	116	12	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	116	13	applied	apply	VERB
fbem-30512	116	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	116	15	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	116	16	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	116	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	18	tool	tool	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	19	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	116	20	measures	measure	VERB
fbem-30512	116	21	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	116	22	relative	relative	ADJ
fbem-30512	116	23	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	116	25	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	26	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	116	27	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	116	28	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	116	29	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	30	utilization	utilization	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	116	32	service	service	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	33	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	116	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	117	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	117	2	selected	select	VERB
fbem-30512	117	3	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	117	4	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	117	5	treated	treat	VERB
fbem-30512	117	6	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	117	7	dmus	dmus	NOUN
fbem-30512	117	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	117	9	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-30512	117	10	they	they	PRON
fbem-30512	117	11	share	share	VERB
fbem-30512	117	12	similar	similar	ADJ
fbem-30512	117	13	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	117	14	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
fbem-30512	117	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	117	16	compete	compete	VERB
fbem-30512	117	17	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	117	18	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	117	19	maritime	maritime	ADJ
fbem-30512	117	20	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	117	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	118	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	118	2	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	118	3	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	118	4	below	below	ADP
fbem-30512	118	5	presents	present	VERB
fbem-30512	118	6	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	118	7	selected	select	VERB
fbem-30512	118	8	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	118	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	2	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	119	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	4	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	5	decision	decision	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	6	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	7	making	make	VERB
fbem-30512	119	8	units	unit	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	10	dmus	dmus	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	12	s	s	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	13	/	/	SYM
fbem-30512	119	14	n	n	PRON
fbem-30512	119	15	country	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	16	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	17	name	name	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	18	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	119	19	côte	côte	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	20	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	21	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	119	23	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	24	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	119	25	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	26	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	27	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	119	28	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	29	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	119	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	31	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	32	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	119	33	lagos	lagos	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	34	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	119	35	togo	togo	PROPN
fbem-30512	119	36	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	119	38	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	39	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	119	40	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	41	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	119	42	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	119	43	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	119	44	four	four	NUM
fbem-30512	119	45	input	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	46	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	47	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	119	48	one	one	NUM
fbem-30512	119	49	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	50	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	51	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	119	52	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-30512	119	53	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	54	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	55	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	119	56	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	119	57	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	119	58	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	59	year	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	60	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	119	61	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	62	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	119	63	-	-	SYM
fbem-30512	119	64	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	119	65	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	119	66	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	120	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	120	2	input	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	3	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	120	5	reflecting	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	120	6	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	7	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	120	9	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	120	10	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	120	12	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	120	13	terminal	terminal	ADJ
fbem-30512	120	14	area	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	120	16	quay	quay	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	17	length	length	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	120	19	number	number	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	120	21	cranes	crane	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	120	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	120	24	number	number	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	120	26	berths	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	120	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	121	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	121	2	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	3	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	121	5	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	121	6	measures	measure	VERB
fbem-30512	121	7	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	8	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	121	10	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	121	11	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	12	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	121	14	teus	teus	NOUN
fbem-30512	121	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	122	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	122	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	3	were	be	AUX
fbem-30512	122	4	selected	select	VERB
fbem-30512	122	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	122	6	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	122	7	relevance	relevance	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	122	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	122	12	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	122	13	availability	availability	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	122	15	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	122	16	analysed	analyse	VERB
fbem-30512	122	17	databases	database	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	18	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	122	19	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	122	20	chosen	choose	VERB
fbem-30512	122	21	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	22	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-30512	122	23	summarized	summarize	VERB
fbem-30512	122	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	122	25	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	122	26	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	122	27	[	[	X
fbem-30512	122	28	26	26	NUM
fbem-30512	122	29	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	122	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	123	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	123	2	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	123	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	123	4	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	123	5	inputs	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	123	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	123	7	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	123	8	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	123	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	1	inputs	input	VERB
fbem-30512	124	2	outputs	outputs	PROPN
fbem-30512	124	3	terminal	terminal	PROPN
fbem-30512	124	4	area	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	6	ha	ha	INTJ
fbem-30512	124	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	8	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	9	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	11	teu	teu	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	13	quay	quay	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	14	length	length	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	16	m	m	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	124	18	number	number	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	124	20	cranes	crane	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	21	number	number	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	124	23	berths	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	124	24	3.1	3.1	NUM
fbem-30512	124	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	125	1	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	125	4	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	125	5	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	125	7	data	data	VERB
fbem-30512	125	8	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	125	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	125	11	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	125	13	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	125	14	applied	apply	VERB
fbem-30512	125	15	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	125	16	two	two	NUM
fbem-30512	125	17	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	18	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	125	19	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	125	20	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	125	21	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	125	23	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	125	24	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	125	25	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	125	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	126	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	126	2	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	126	3	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	126	4	assumes	assume	VERB
fbem-30512	126	5	constant	constant	ADJ
fbem-30512	126	6	returns	return	NOUN
fbem-30512	126	7	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	126	8	scale	scale	VERB
fbem-30512	126	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	126	10	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	126	11	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-30512	126	12	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	126	13	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	126	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	126	15	meaning	mean	VERB
fbem-30512	126	16	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	126	17	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	126	18	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	126	19	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-30512	126	20	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	126	21	operate	operate	VERB
fbem-30512	126	22	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	126	23	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	126	24	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	126	25	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	126	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	127	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	127	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	127	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	127	5	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	127	6	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	7	introduces	introduce	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	8	vrs	vrs	VERB
fbem-30512	127	9	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	127	10	adding	add	VERB
fbem-30512	127	11	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	127	12	convexity	convexity	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	13	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	127	15	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	127	16	allows	allow	VERB
fbem-30512	127	17	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	127	18	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	127	19	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	127	21	pure	pure	ADJ
fbem-30512	127	22	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	127	23	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	127	25	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB
fbem-30512	127	26	it	it	PRON
fbem-30512	127	27	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	127	28	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	29	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	127	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	128	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	128	2	41	41	NUM
fbem-30512	128	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	128	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	129	1	both	both	DET
fbem-30512	129	2	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	3	use	use	VERB
fbem-30512	129	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	129	5	linear	linear	ADJ
fbem-30512	129	6	programming	programming	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	7	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	8	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	129	9	determine	determine	VERB
fbem-30512	129	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	129	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	12	score	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	13	θ	θ	PROPN
fbem-30512	129	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	129	15	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	129	16	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	17	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	129	18	comparing	compare	VERB
fbem-30512	129	19	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	129	20	inputs	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	129	22	outputs	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	23	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	129	24	those	those	PRON
fbem-30512	129	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	129	26	other	other	ADJ
fbem-30512	129	27	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	28	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	129	29	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	129	30	dataset	dataset	NOUN
fbem-30512	129	31	[	[	X
fbem-30512	129	32	41	41	NUM
fbem-30512	129	33	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	129	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	130	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	130	2	general	general	PROPN
fbem-30512	130	3	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	130	4	optimization	optimization	NOUN
fbem-30512	130	5	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	130	6	aims	aim	VERB
fbem-30512	130	7	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	130	8	maximize	maximize	VERB
fbem-30512	130	9	θ	θ	PROPN
fbem-30512	130	10	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	130	11	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	130	12	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	130	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	130	14	weighted	weighted	ADJ
fbem-30512	130	15	sum	sum	NOUN
fbem-30512	130	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	130	17	inputs	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	130	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	130	19	outputs	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	130	20	remains	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	130	21	within	within	ADP
fbem-30512	130	22	defined	define	VERB
fbem-30512	130	23	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	130	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	131	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	3	equation	equation	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	4	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	131	5	be	be	AUX
fbem-30512	131	6	expressed	express	VERB
fbem-30512	131	7	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	131	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	9	min	min	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	10	θ	θ	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	11	subject	subject	ADJ
fbem-30512	131	12	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	131	13	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	14	∑	∑	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	15	𝜆𝑗	𝜆𝑗	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	16	𝑥𝑖𝑗	𝑥𝑖𝑗	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	17	≤	≤	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	18	𝜃𝑥𝑖𝑜	𝜃𝑥𝑖𝑜	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	19	𝑛	𝑛	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	20	𝑗=1	𝑗=1	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	22	∀i	∀i	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	24	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	131	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	26	∑	∑	ADP
fbem-30512	131	27	λj	λj	PROPN
fbem-30512	131	28	yrj	yrj	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	29	≥	≥	NUM
fbem-30512	131	30	yro	yro	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	131	32	n	n	PRON
fbem-30512	131	33	j=1	j=1	ADJ
fbem-30512	131	34	∀r	∀r	NOUN
fbem-30512	131	35	…	…	PUNCT
fbem-30512	132	1	90	90	NUM
fbem-30512	132	2	λj	λj	NUM
fbem-30512	132	3	≥	≥	NUM
fbem-30512	132	4	0	0	NUM
fbem-30512	132	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	132	6	∀j	∀j	NOUN
fbem-30512	132	7	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-30512	132	8	xij	xij	PROPN
fbem-30512	132	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	132	10	yrj	yrj	NOUN
fbem-30512	132	11	represent	represent	VERB
fbem-30512	132	12	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	132	13	inputs	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	132	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	132	15	outputs	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	132	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	132	17	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	132	18	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	132	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	132	20	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-30512	132	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	133	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	133	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	133	3	λj	λj	AUX
fbem-30512	133	4	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	133	5	weighting	weight	VERB
fbem-30512	133	6	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-30512	133	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	133	8	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	133	9	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	133	10	used	use	VERB
fbem-30512	133	11	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	133	12	compare	compare	VERB
fbem-30512	133	13	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	133	14	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	133	15	against	against	ADP
fbem-30512	133	16	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	133	17	most	most	ADV
fbem-30512	133	18	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	133	19	ones	one	NOUN
fbem-30512	133	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	134	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	134	2	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	3	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	134	4	θ)represents	θ)represent	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	134	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	7	score	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	134	9	each	each	DET
fbem-30512	134	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	134	12	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-30512	134	13	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	134	14	value	value	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	134	16	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	134	17	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	134	18	full	full	ADJ
fbem-30512	134	19	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	134	21	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	134	22	values	value	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	23	less	less	ADJ
fbem-30512	134	24	than	than	ADP
fbem-30512	134	25	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	134	26	indicate	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	134	27	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	134	28	[	[	X
fbem-30512	134	29	41	41	NUM
fbem-30512	134	30	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	134	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	135	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	135	2	distinction	distinction	NOUN
fbem-30512	135	3	between	between	ADP
fbem-30512	135	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	135	5	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	135	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	135	7	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	135	8	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	135	9	lies	lie	VERB
fbem-30512	135	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	135	11	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	135	12	treatment	treatment	NOUN
fbem-30512	135	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	135	14	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	135	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	135	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	136	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	136	2	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	136	3	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	136	4	assumes	assume	VERB
fbem-30512	136	5	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	136	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	136	7	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	136	8	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-30512	136	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	136	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	136	11	size	size	NOUN
fbem-30512	136	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	136	13	meaning	mean	VERB
fbem-30512	136	14	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	136	15	all	all	DET
fbem-30512	136	16	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	136	17	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	136	18	operate	operate	VERB
fbem-30512	136	19	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	136	20	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	136	21	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	136	22	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	136	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	137	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	137	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	137	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	137	4	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	137	5	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	137	6	introduces	introduce	VERB
fbem-30512	137	7	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	137	8	convexity	convexity	NOUN
fbem-30512	137	9	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	137	10	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	1	min	min	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	2	θ	θ	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	3	subject	subject	ADJ
fbem-30512	138	4	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	138	5	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	6	∑	∑	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	7	𝜆𝑗	𝜆𝑗	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	8	𝑥𝑖𝑗	𝑥𝑖𝑗	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	9	≤	≤	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	10	𝜃𝑥𝑖𝑜	𝜃𝑥𝑖𝑜	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	11	𝑛	𝑛	DET
fbem-30512	138	12	𝑗=1	𝑗=1	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	14	∀i	∀i	X
fbem-30512	138	15	∑	∑	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	16	λj	λj	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	17	yrj	yrj	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	18	≥	≥	NUM
fbem-30512	138	19	yro	yro	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	21	n	n	PRON
fbem-30512	138	22	j=1	j=1	ADJ
fbem-30512	138	23	∀r	∀r	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	24	…	…	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	25	λj	λj	X
fbem-30512	138	26	≥	≥	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	27	0	0	NUM
fbem-30512	138	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	29	∀j	∀j	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	30	∑	∑	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	31	λj	λj	PROPN
fbem-30512	138	32	=	=	SYM
fbem-30512	138	33	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	138	34	n	n	PRON
fbem-30512	138	35	j=1	j=1	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	36	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	37	2	2	X
fbem-30512	138	38	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	39	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	138	40	ensures	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	138	41	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	138	42	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	43	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	138	44	only	only	ADV
fbem-30512	138	45	compared	compare	VERB
fbem-30512	138	46	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	138	47	units	unit	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	48	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	138	49	similar	similar	ADJ
fbem-30512	138	50	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	51	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	138	52	making	make	VERB
fbem-30512	138	53	it	it	PRON
fbem-30512	138	54	possible	possible	ADJ
fbem-30512	138	55	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	138	56	separate	separate	VERB
fbem-30512	138	57	pure	pure	ADJ
fbem-30512	138	58	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	138	59	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	60	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	138	61	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	62	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	138	63	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	139	1	once	once	ADV
fbem-30512	139	2	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	3	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	4	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	139	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
fbem-30512	139	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	139	7	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	139	8	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	139	9	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	10	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	139	11	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-30512	139	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	139	14	oe	oe	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	139	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	139	17	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	139	18	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	139	19	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	139	20	model	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	21	yields	yield	VERB
fbem-30512	139	22	pure	pure	ADJ
fbem-30512	139	23	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	139	24	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	25	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	139	26	pte	pte	NOUN
fbem-30512	139	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	140	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	140	2	47	47	NUM
fbem-30512	140	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	140	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	1	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	2	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	3	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	4	se	se	X
fbem-30512	141	5	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	6	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	141	7	then	then	ADV
fbem-30512	141	8	calculated	calculate	VERB
fbem-30512	141	9	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	141	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	141	11	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	12	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	13	se	se	PROPN
fbem-30512	141	14	=	=	SYM
fbem-30512	141	15	oe	oe	PROPN
fbem-30512	141	16	pte	pte	PROPN
fbem-30512	141	17	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	18	3	3	X
fbem-30512	141	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	20	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	141	21	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	22	helps	help	VERB
fbem-30512	141	23	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	141	24	determine	determine	VERB
fbem-30512	141	25	whether	whether	SCONJ
fbem-30512	141	26	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	27	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	141	28	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	141	29	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	30	stem	stem	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	31	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	141	32	managerial	managerial	ADJ
fbem-30512	141	33	issues	issue	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	35	low	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	141	36	pte	pte	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	37	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	38	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	141	39	suboptimal	suboptimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	141	40	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	41	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	141	42	operation	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	141	43	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	44	low	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	141	45	se	se	X
fbem-30512	141	46	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	141	47	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	142	1	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	142	2	applying	apply	VERB
fbem-30512	142	3	both	both	DET
fbem-30512	142	4	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	142	6	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	142	7	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	8	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	142	9	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	142	10	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
fbem-30512	142	11	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	142	13	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	142	16	identifying	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	142	17	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	142	18	extent	extent	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	19	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	142	20	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	142	21	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	22	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	142	23	due	due	ADJ
fbem-30512	142	24	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	142	25	poor	poor	ADJ
fbem-30512	142	26	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	27	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	28	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	142	29	structural	structural	ADJ
fbem-30512	142	30	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	31	within	within	ADP
fbem-30512	142	32	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	142	33	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	142	34	[	[	X
fbem-30512	142	35	47	47	NUM
fbem-30512	142	36	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	142	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	143	1	4	4	X
fbem-30512	143	2	.	.	X
fbem-30512	143	3	results	result	VERB
fbem-30512	143	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	143	5	results	result	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	6	reveal	reveal	VERB
fbem-30512	143	7	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	143	8	variations	variation	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	9	among	among	ADP
fbem-30512	143	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	143	11	studied	study	VERB
fbem-30512	143	12	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	143	14	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	143	15	some	some	DET
fbem-30512	143	16	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	17	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	143	18	continuous	continuous	ADJ
fbem-30512	143	19	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	20	improvements	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	143	22	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	143	23	others	other	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	24	show	show	VERB
fbem-30512	143	25	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	26	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	143	27	fluctuating	fluctuating	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	28	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	143	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	144	1	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	144	2	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	144	3	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	144	4	clear	clear	ADJ
fbem-30512	144	5	overview	overview	NOUN
fbem-30512	144	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	144	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	144	8	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	144	9	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	144	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	144	11	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	144	12	have	have	AUX
fbem-30512	144	13	been	be	AUX
fbem-30512	144	14	identified	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	144	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	144	16	each	each	DET
fbem-30512	144	17	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	144	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	145	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	145	2	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	145	4	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	5	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	6	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	145	7	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	145	8	years	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	145	10	allow	allow	VERB
fbem-30512	145	11	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	145	12	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	145	13	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	145	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	16	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	17	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	145	18	time	time	NOUN
fbem-30512	145	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	146	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	146	2	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	3	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	4	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	146	5	each	each	DET
fbem-30512	146	6	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	7	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	146	8	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	146	9	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	146	10	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	146	11	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	146	12	summarized	summarize	VERB
fbem-30512	146	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	146	14	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	15	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	146	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	146	17	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	146	18	outlines	outline	VERB
fbem-30512	146	19	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	146	20	yearly	yearly	ADJ
fbem-30512	146	21	variations	variation	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	22	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	146	23	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	146	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	146	25	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	146	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	27	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	146	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	147	1	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	147	2	graphical	graphical	ADJ
fbem-30512	147	3	representation	representation	NOUN
fbem-30512	147	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	147	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	147	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	147	7	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	147	8	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	147	9	illustrated	illustrate	VERB
fbem-30512	147	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	147	11	fig	fig	NOUN
fbem-30512	147	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	148	1	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	148	2	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	148	3	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	148	4	visual	visual	ADJ
fbem-30512	148	5	depiction	depiction	NOUN
fbem-30512	148	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	148	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	148	8	changes	change	NOUN
fbem-30512	148	9	across	across	ADP
fbem-30512	148	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	148	11	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	148	12	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	148	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	149	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-30512	149	2	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	149	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	149	4	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	149	5	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	149	6	derived	derive	VERB
fbem-30512	149	7	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	149	8	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	149	9	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-30512	149	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	150	1	port	port	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	2	year	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	3	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	4	efficiency	efficiency	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	5	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	6	efficiency	efficiency	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	7	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	8	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	150	9	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	10	0.415724318	0.415724318	NUM
fbem-30512	150	11	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	12	2012	2012	NUM
fbem-30512	150	13	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	14	0.482295962	0.482295962	NUM
fbem-30512	150	15	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	16	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-30512	150	17	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	18	0.494421131	0.494421131	NUM
fbem-30512	150	19	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	20	2014	2014	NUM
fbem-30512	150	21	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	22	0.465933033	0.465933033	NUM
fbem-30512	150	23	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	24	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-30512	150	25	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	26	0.487580609	0.487580609	NUM
fbem-30512	150	27	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	28	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-30512	150	29	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	30	0.483612179	0.483612179	NUM
fbem-30512	150	31	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	32	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-30512	150	33	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	34	0.504880107	0.504880107	NUM
fbem-30512	150	35	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	36	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	150	37	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	38	0.513266612	0.513266612	NUM
fbem-30512	150	39	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	40	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	150	41	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	42	0.556026911	0.556026911	NUM
fbem-30512	150	43	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	44	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	150	45	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	46	0.578335639	0.578335639	NUM
fbem-30512	150	47	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	48	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	150	49	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	50	0.599003281	0.599003281	NUM
fbem-30512	150	51	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	52	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	150	53	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	54	0.639792298	0.639792298	NUM
fbem-30512	150	55	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	56	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	150	57	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	58	0.942042016	0.942042016	NUM
fbem-30512	150	59	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	150	60	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	150	61	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	62	0.988044819	0.988044819	NUM
fbem-30512	150	63	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	64	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	150	65	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	66	0.289289656	0.289289656	NUM
fbem-30512	150	67	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	68	2012	2012	NUM
fbem-30512	150	69	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	70	0.315026877	0.315026877	NUM
fbem-30512	150	71	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	72	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-30512	150	73	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	74	0.321811376	0.321811376	NUM
fbem-30512	150	75	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	76	2014	2014	NUM
fbem-30512	150	77	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	78	0.279919166	0.279919166	NUM
fbem-30512	150	79	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	80	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-30512	150	81	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	82	0.29907522	0.29907522	NUM
fbem-30512	150	83	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	84	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-30512	150	85	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	86	0.341629406	0.341629406	NUM
fbem-30512	150	87	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	88	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-30512	150	89	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	90	0.365529755	0.365529755	NUM
fbem-30512	150	91	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	92	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	150	93	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	94	0.384904046	0.384904046	NUM
fbem-30512	150	95	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	96	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	150	97	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	98	0.382557697	0.382557697	NUM
fbem-30512	150	99	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	100	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	150	101	0.714333225	0.714333225	NUM
fbem-30512	150	102	0.477267793	0.477267793	NUM
fbem-30512	150	103	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	104	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	150	105	0.726279224	0.726279224	NUM
fbem-30512	150	106	0.580673025	0.580673025	NUM
fbem-30512	150	107	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	108	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	150	109	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	110	0.460764234	0.460764234	NUM
fbem-30512	150	111	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	112	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	150	113	0.714285714	0.714285714	NUM
fbem-30512	150	114	0.455088126	0.455088126	NUM
fbem-30512	150	115	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	116	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	150	117	0.716285719	0.716285719	NUM
fbem-30512	150	118	0.485086175	0.485086175	NUM
fbem-30512	150	119	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	120	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	150	121	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	122	0.413817855	0.413817855	NUM
fbem-30512	150	123	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	124	2012	2012	NUM
fbem-30512	150	125	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	126	0.433829452	0.433829452	NUM
fbem-30512	150	127	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	128	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-30512	150	129	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	130	0.48904067	0.48904067	NUM
fbem-30512	150	131	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	132	2014	2014	NUM
fbem-30512	150	133	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	134	0.522439641	0.522439641	NUM
fbem-30512	150	135	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	136	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-30512	150	137	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	138	0.772430897	0.772430897	NUM
fbem-30512	150	139	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	140	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-30512	150	141	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	142	0.39940921	0.39940921	NUM
fbem-30512	150	143	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	144	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-30512	150	145	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	146	0.635314508	0.635314508	NUM
fbem-30512	150	147	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	148	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	150	149	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	150	0.493130189	0.493130189	NUM
fbem-30512	150	151	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	152	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	150	153	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	154	0.508543356	0.508543356	NUM
fbem-30512	150	155	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	156	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	150	157	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	158	0.529015091	0.529015091	NUM
fbem-30512	150	159	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	160	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	150	161	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	162	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	163	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	164	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	150	165	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	166	0.771549539	0.771549539	NUM
fbem-30512	150	167	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	168	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	150	169	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	170	0.771549539	0.771549539	NUM
fbem-30512	150	171	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	150	172	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	150	173	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	150	174	0.861657670	0.861657670	NUM
fbem-30512	150	175	lome	lome	ADJ
fbem-30512	150	176	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	150	177	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	150	178	0.179735148	0.179735148	NUM
fbem-30512	150	179	lome	lome	ADJ
fbem-30512	150	180	2012	2012	NUM
fbem-30512	150	181	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	150	182	0.14701137	0.14701137	NUM
fbem-30512	151	1	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	151	2	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-30512	151	3	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	151	4	0.158741969	0.158741969	NUM
fbem-30512	152	1	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	152	2	2014	2014	NUM
fbem-30512	152	3	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	152	4	0.194056578	0.194056578	NUM
fbem-30512	152	5	lome	lome	ADJ
fbem-30512	152	6	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-30512	152	7	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	152	8	0.461549281	0.461549281	NUM
fbem-30512	152	9	lome	lome	ADJ
fbem-30512	152	10	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-30512	152	11	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	152	12	0.418711372	0.418711372	NUM
fbem-30512	152	13	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	152	14	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-30512	152	15	0.981651376	0.981651376	NUM
fbem-30512	152	16	0.608387385	0.608387385	NUM
fbem-30512	153	1	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	153	2	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	153	3	0.984042861	0.984042861	NUM
fbem-30512	153	4	0.711272565	0.711272565	NUM
fbem-30512	153	5	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	153	6	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-30512	153	7	0.986996688	0.986996688	NUM
fbem-30512	153	8	0.764718922	0.764718922	NUM
fbem-30512	153	9	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	153	10	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	153	11	0.993324077	0.993324077	NUM
fbem-30512	153	12	0.87920628	0.87920628	NUM
fbem-30512	153	13	lome	lome	ADJ
fbem-30512	153	14	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	153	15	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	153	16	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	153	17	lome	lome	VERB
fbem-30512	153	18	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	153	19	0.99973455	0.99973455	NUM
fbem-30512	153	20	0.995196973	0.995196973	NUM
fbem-30512	154	1	lome	lome	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	2	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	154	3	0.998245244	0.998245244	NUM
fbem-30512	154	4	0.968249568	0.968249568	NUM
fbem-30512	154	5	lome	lome	ADJ
fbem-30512	154	6	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	154	7	0.899255579	0.899255579	NUM
fbem-30512	154	8	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	154	9	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	10	source	source	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	11	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	12	[	[	X
fbem-30512	154	13	13	13	NUM
fbem-30512	154	14	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	16	[	[	X
fbem-30512	154	17	14	14	NUM
fbem-30512	154	18	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	20	[	[	X
fbem-30512	154	21	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	154	22	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	24	[	[	X
fbem-30512	154	25	16	16	NUM
fbem-30512	154	26	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	27	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	154	28	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
fbem-30512	154	29	consistently	consistently	ADV
fbem-30512	154	30	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	154	31	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	154	32	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	34	91	91	NUM
fbem-30512	154	35	achieving	achieve	VERB
fbem-30512	154	36	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	154	37	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	154	38	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	39	score	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	40	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	154	41	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	154	42	across	across	ADP
fbem-30512	154	43	all	all	DET
fbem-30512	154	44	years	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	154	46	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	154	47	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	154	48	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-30512	154	49	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	50	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	154	51	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	52	utilization	utilization	NOUN
fbem-30512	154	53	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	155	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	155	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	155	4	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	155	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	155	6	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	155	7	varied	varied	ADJ
fbem-30512	155	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-30512	155	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	155	10	starting	start	VERB
fbem-30512	155	11	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	155	12	0.4157	0.4157	NUM
fbem-30512	155	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	155	14	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	155	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	155	16	progressively	progressively	ADV
fbem-30512	155	17	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	155	18	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	155	19	0.9880	0.9880	NUM
fbem-30512	155	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	155	21	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	155	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	156	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	156	2	upward	upward	ADJ
fbem-30512	156	3	trend	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	156	5	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	156	6	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	156	7	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	156	8	was	be	AUX
fbem-30512	156	9	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-30512	156	10	managed	manage	VERB
fbem-30512	156	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	156	12	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	13	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	14	persisted	persist	VERB
fbem-30512	156	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	156	16	likely	likely	ADJ
fbem-30512	156	17	due	due	ADP
fbem-30512	156	18	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	156	19	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	20	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	21	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	156	22	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	23	mismatches	mismatch	NOUN
fbem-30512	156	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	157	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	157	2	steady	steady	ADJ
fbem-30512	157	3	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	4	over	over	ADP
fbem-30512	157	5	time	time	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	6	reflects	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	157	7	targeted	target	VERB
fbem-30512	157	8	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	157	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	11	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	157	13	expanded	expand	VERB
fbem-30512	157	14	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	15	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	157	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	158	1	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	158	2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	158	3	relatively	relatively	ADV
fbem-30512	158	4	stable	stable	ADJ
fbem-30512	158	5	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	158	6	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	158	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	158	8	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-30512	158	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	159	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	159	2	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	159	3	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	159	4	remained	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	159	5	nearly	nearly	ADV
fbem-30512	159	6	constant	constant	ADJ
fbem-30512	159	7	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	159	8	0.714	0.714	NUM
fbem-30512	159	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	159	10	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	159	11	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	159	12	slight	slight	ADJ
fbem-30512	159	13	increase	increase	NOUN
fbem-30512	159	14	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	159	15	0.726	0.726	NUM
fbem-30512	159	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	159	17	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	159	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	160	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	160	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	160	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	160	4	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	160	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	160	6	was	be	AUX
fbem-30512	160	7	considerably	considerably	ADV
fbem-30512	160	8	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	160	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	160	10	beginning	begin	VERB
fbem-30512	160	11	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	160	12	0.289	0.289	NUM
fbem-30512	160	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	160	14	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	160	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	160	16	peaking	peak	VERB
fbem-30512	160	17	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	160	18	0.580	0.580	NUM
fbem-30512	160	19	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	160	20	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	160	21	before	before	ADP
fbem-30512	160	22	slightly	slightly	ADV
fbem-30512	160	23	declining	decline	VERB
fbem-30512	160	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	160	25	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	160	26	following	following	ADJ
fbem-30512	160	27	years	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	160	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	161	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	161	2	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	161	3	gap	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	4	between	between	ADP
fbem-30512	161	5	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	161	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	161	7	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	161	8	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	9	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	161	10	persistent	persistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	161	11	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	12	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	161	14	suggesting	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	161	15	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	161	16	team	team	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	17	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	161	18	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	161	19	practices	practice	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	20	were	be	AUX
fbem-30512	161	21	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	161	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	161	23	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	161	24	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-30512	161	25	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	26	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	161	27	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	28	issues	issue	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	29	constrained	constrain	VERB
fbem-30512	161	30	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-30512	161	31	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	161	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	162	1	figure	figure	VERB
fbem-30512	162	2	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	162	3	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	4	trend	trend	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	162	6	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	162	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	162	8	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	162	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	10	score	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	162	12	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	162	13	-	-	SYM
fbem-30512	162	14	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	162	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	162	16	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	17	maintained	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	162	18	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	162	19	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	162	20	level	level	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	162	22	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	162	23	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	162	25	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	162	26	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	162	27	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	162	28	score	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	162	30	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	162	31	throughout	throughout	ADP
fbem-30512	162	32	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	162	33	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	34	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	162	35	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	163	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	163	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	163	4	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	163	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	163	6	fluctuated	fluctuate	VERB
fbem-30512	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	163	8	beginning	begin	VERB
fbem-30512	163	9	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	163	10	0.4138	0.4138	NUM
fbem-30512	163	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	163	12	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	163	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	163	14	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	163	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	163	16	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	163	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	163	18	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	163	19	before	before	ADP
fbem-30512	163	20	declining	decline	VERB
fbem-30512	163	21	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	163	22	0.7715	0.7715	NUM
fbem-30512	163	23	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	163	24	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	163	25	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	163	26	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	163	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	164	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	164	2	variations	variation	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	164	4	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	164	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	6	suggest	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	164	7	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	164	8	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	164	9	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	10	operated	operate	VERB
fbem-30512	164	11	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
fbem-30512	164	12	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	164	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	164	14	managerial	managerial	ADJ
fbem-30512	164	15	level	level	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	164	17	external	external	ADJ
fbem-30512	164	18	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	19	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	164	20	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	164	21	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	164	23	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	24	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	25	influenced	influence	VERB
fbem-30512	164	26	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	164	27	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-30512	164	28	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	164	29	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	164	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	165	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	165	2	peak	peak	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	165	4	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	165	5	implies	imply	VERB
fbem-30512	165	6	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	165	7	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	165	9	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	165	11	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	12	contributed	contribute	VERB
fbem-30512	165	13	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	165	14	improved	improved	ADJ
fbem-30512	165	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	165	17	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	165	18	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	165	19	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
fbem-30512	165	20	decline	decline	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	21	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	165	22	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	165	23	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-30512	165	24	pressure	pressure	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	165	26	increased	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	165	27	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	28	volumes	volume	NOUN
fbem-30512	165	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	166	1	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	166	2	emerged	emerge	VERB
fbem-30512	166	3	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	166	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	166	5	most	most	ADV
fbem-30512	166	6	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	166	7	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	166	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	166	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	166	10	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	166	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	166	12	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	166	13	consistently	consistently	ADV
fbem-30512	166	14	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	166	15	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	166	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	166	17	both	both	DET
fbem-30512	166	18	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	166	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	167	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	167	2	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	167	3	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	167	4	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	167	5	remained	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	167	6	close	close	ADV
fbem-30512	167	7	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	167	8	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	167	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	167	10	achieving	achieve	VERB
fbem-30512	167	11	full	full	ADJ
fbem-30512	167	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	167	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	167	14	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	167	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	168	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
fbem-30512	168	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	168	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	168	4	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	168	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	168	6	showed	show	VERB
fbem-30512	168	7	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	168	8	most	most	ADV
fbem-30512	168	9	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ
fbem-30512	168	10	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	168	12	rising	rise	VERB
fbem-30512	168	13	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	168	14	0.1797	0.1797	NUM
fbem-30512	168	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	168	16	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	168	17	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	168	18	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	168	19	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	168	20	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	168	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	168	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	168	23	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	168	24	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	168	25	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	168	26	wellbalanced	wellbalanced	ADJ
fbem-30512	168	27	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-30512	168	28	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	168	29	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	168	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	168	31	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	168	32	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	168	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	169	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
fbem-30512	169	2	other	other	ADJ
fbem-30512	169	3	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	169	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	169	5	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	169	6	sustained	sustain	VERB
fbem-30512	169	7	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	169	8	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	169	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	169	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	169	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	169	12	later	later	ADJ
fbem-30512	169	13	years	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	169	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	169	15	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	169	16	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	169	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	169	18	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	169	19	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	169	20	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	169	21	remaining	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	169	22	above	above	ADP
fbem-30512	169	23	0.95	0.95	NUM
fbem-30512	169	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	169	25	both	both	DET
fbem-30512	169	26	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	169	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	169	28	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	169	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	170	1	this	this	PRON
fbem-30512	170	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	170	3	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	170	4	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	5	benefited	benefit	VERB
fbem-30512	170	6	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	170	7	well	well	ADV
fbem-30512	170	8	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	170	9	planned	plan	VERB
fbem-30512	170	10	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	11	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	170	13	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-30512	170	14	cargohandling	cargohandling	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	15	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	170	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	170	18	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	170	19	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	170	20	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	21	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	170	22	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	170	23	transhipment	transhipment	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	24	hub	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	170	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	171	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
fbem-30512	171	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	172	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	172	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	3	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	4	stands	stand	VERB
fbem-30512	172	5	out	out	ADP
fbem-30512	172	6	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	172	7	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	172	8	most	most	ADV
fbem-30512	172	9	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	172	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	172	12	consistently	consistently	ADV
fbem-30512	172	13	maintaining	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	172	14	near	near	ADV
fbem-30512	172	15	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	172	16	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	172	17	bcc	bcc	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	19	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	172	20	showing	show	VERB
fbem-30512	172	21	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	172	22	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	23	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	172	24	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	172	25	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	172	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	172	27	reaching	reach	VERB
fbem-30512	172	28	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	172	29	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	172	30	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	172	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	173	1	this	this	PRON
fbem-30512	173	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	173	3	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	173	4	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	173	5	operates	operate	VERB
fbem-30512	173	6	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	173	7	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	173	8	managerial	managerial	ADJ
fbem-30512	173	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	173	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	173	11	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	173	12	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-30512	173	13	scaled	scale	VERB
fbem-30512	173	14	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	173	15	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	173	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	174	1	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	174	2	also	also	ADV
fbem-30512	174	3	achieves	achieve	VERB
fbem-30512	174	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	174	5	perfect	perfect	ADJ
fbem-30512	174	6	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	174	7	score	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	174	8	throughout	throughout	ADP
fbem-30512	174	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	174	10	period	period	NOUN
fbem-30512	174	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	174	12	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	174	13	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	174	14	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	174	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	174	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	175	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	175	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	175	4	fluctuating	fluctuate	VERB
fbem-30512	175	5	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	175	6	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	175	7	reveal	reveal	VERB
fbem-30512	175	8	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	175	9	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	175	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	175	11	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	175	12	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	175	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	175	14	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	175	15	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	175	16	affecting	affect	VERB
fbem-30512	175	17	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-30512	175	18	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	175	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	176	1	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	176	2	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	3	reached	reach	VERB
fbem-30512	176	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	176	5	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	176	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	176	8	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	176	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	176	10	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	176	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	176	12	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	176	13	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	176	15	other	other	ADJ
fbem-30512	176	16	years	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	17	indicate	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	176	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	19	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	176	20	maintaining	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	176	21	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	22	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	176	23	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	176	24	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	176	25	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-30512	176	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	177	1	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	177	2	exhibits	exhibit	VERB
fbem-30512	177	3	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	177	4	bcc	bcc	NOUN
fbem-30512	177	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	177	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	177	7	1.000	1.000	NUM
fbem-30512	177	8	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	177	9	shows	show	VERB
fbem-30512	177	10	gradual	gradual	ADJ
fbem-30512	177	11	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	177	12	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	177	13	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	177	14	0.4157	0.4157	NUM
fbem-30512	177	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	177	16	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	177	17	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	177	18	0.9880	0.9880	NUM
fbem-30512	177	19	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	177	20	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	177	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	178	1	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	178	2	pattern	pattern	NOUN
fbem-30512	178	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	178	4	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-30512	178	5	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	178	6	practices	practice	NOUN
fbem-30512	178	7	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-30512	178	8	lingering	linger	VERB
fbem-30512	178	9	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	178	10	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	178	11	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	178	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	179	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	179	2	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	179	3	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	179	4	steady	steady	ADJ
fbem-30512	179	5	progress	progress	NOUN
fbem-30512	179	6	reflects	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	179	7	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
fbem-30512	179	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	179	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	179	10	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	179	11	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
fbem-30512	179	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	180	1	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	180	2	ranks	rank	VERB
fbem-30512	180	3	lowest	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	180	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	180	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	180	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	180	7	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	180	8	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	180	9	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	180	10	stagnating	stagnate	VERB
fbem-30512	180	11	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	180	12	0.714	0.714	NUM
fbem-30512	180	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	180	14	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	180	15	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	180	16	peaking	peak	VERB
fbem-30512	180	17	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	180	18	just	just	ADV
fbem-30512	180	19	0.5807	0.5807	NUM
fbem-30512	180	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	180	21	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	180	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	181	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	181	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	181	3	gap	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	4	between	between	ADP
fbem-30512	181	5	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	181	6	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	181	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	181	8	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	181	9	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	10	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	181	11	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	12	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	181	13	both	both	CCONJ
fbem-30512	181	14	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	181	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	181	16	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	17	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	181	19	limiting	limit	VERB
fbem-30512	181	20	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	181	21	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	22	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	181	23	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	181	24	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	181	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	182	1	fig	fig	NOUN
fbem-30512	182	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	183	1	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	183	2	visually	visually	ADV
fbem-30512	183	3	compares	compare	VERB
fbem-30512	183	4	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	183	5	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	183	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	183	7	clearly	clearly	ADV
fbem-30512	183	8	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
fbem-30512	183	9	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	183	10	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	183	11	dominance	dominance	NOUN
fbem-30512	183	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	183	13	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	183	14	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	183	15	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	183	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	183	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	184	1	figure	figure	VERB
fbem-30512	184	2	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	184	3	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	184	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
fbem-30512	184	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	184	6	average	average	ADJ
fbem-30512	184	7	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	184	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	184	9	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	184	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	184	11	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	184	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	184	13	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	184	14	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	184	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	1	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	185	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	185	4	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	185	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	6	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	185	7	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	185	8	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
fbem-30512	185	9	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	185	11	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	185	12	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	14	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	185	19	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	20	associated	associate	VERB
fbem-30512	185	21	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	185	22	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	185	23	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	185	24	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	185	25	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	26	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	27	lagos	lagos	PROPN
fbem-30512	185	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	29	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	185	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	31	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	185	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	185	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	185	34	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	185	35	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	186	1	fig	fig	NOUN
fbem-30512	186	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	187	1	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	187	2	below	below	ADP
fbem-30512	187	3	offers	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	187	4	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	187	5	visual	visual	ADJ
fbem-30512	187	6	representation	representation	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	187	8	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	187	9	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	187	11	highlighting	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	187	12	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	187	13	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	187	14	positioning	positioning	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	187	16	each	each	DET
fbem-30512	187	17	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	18	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	187	19	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	187	20	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	187	21	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	187	23	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	187	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	187	26	external	external	ADJ
fbem-30512	187	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	187	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	188	1	figure	figure	NOUN
fbem-30512	188	2	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	188	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	189	1	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	189	2	summary	summary	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	189	4	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	189	5	ports	port	VERB
fbem-30512	189	6	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	189	7	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	189	9	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	10	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	189	11	strength	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	12	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	189	13	consistently	consistently	ADV
fbem-30512	189	14	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	189	15	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	189	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	17	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	189	19	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	189	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	189	21	reflecting	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	189	22	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	189	23	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	24	utilization	utilization	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	189	26	supported	support	VERB
fbem-30512	189	27	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	189	28	deep	deep	ADJ
fbem-30512	189	29	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	189	30	water	water	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	31	berths	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	189	33	advanced	advanced	ADJ
fbem-30512	189	34	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	35	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	189	36	handling	handle	VERB
fbem-30512	189	37	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	189	39	positioning	position	VERB
fbem-30512	189	40	it	it	PRON
fbem-30512	189	41	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	189	42	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	189	43	transhipment	transhipment	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	44	hub	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	45	92	92	NUM
fbem-30512	189	46	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	189	47	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	189	48	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	189	49	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	190	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	190	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	190	3	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	4	were	be	AUX
fbem-30512	190	5	evident	evident	ADJ
fbem-30512	190	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	190	7	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	190	8	early	early	ADJ
fbem-30512	190	9	years	year	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	190	11	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	190	12	low	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	190	13	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	190	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	190	16	0.1797	0.1797	NUM
fbem-30512	190	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	190	18	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	190	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	190	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	190	21	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-30512	190	22	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	23	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	24	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	190	25	required	require	VERB
fbem-30512	190	26	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	190	27	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	28	upgrades	upgrade	NOUN
fbem-30512	190	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	191	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	191	2	lie	lie	VERB
fbem-30512	191	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	191	4	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	191	5	afcfta	afcfta	NOUN
fbem-30512	191	6	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	191	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	191	8	expanding	expand	VERB
fbem-30512	191	9	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
fbem-30512	191	10	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	191	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	191	12	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	191	13	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	191	14	further	far	ADV
fbem-30512	191	15	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	191	16	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	191	17	position	position	NOUN
fbem-30512	191	18	[	[	X
fbem-30512	191	19	48	48	NUM
fbem-30512	191	20	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	191	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	192	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	192	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	192	3	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	192	4	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	192	5	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-30512	192	6	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-30512	192	7	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	192	8	lagos	lagos	PROPN
fbem-30512	192	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	192	10	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	192	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	192	12	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	192	13	instability	instability	NOUN
fbem-30512	192	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	192	15	togo	togo	PROPN
fbem-30512	192	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	192	17	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	192	18	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	192	19	affect	affect	VERB
fbem-30512	192	20	future	future	ADJ
fbem-30512	192	21	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	192	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	193	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	193	2	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	193	4	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	193	6	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	193	7	west	west	PROPN
fbem-30512	193	8	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	193	9	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	193	10	largest	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	193	11	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	193	13	has	have	VERB
fbem-30512	193	14	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	193	16	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	193	17	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	193	18	location	location	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	193	20	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	193	21	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	193	22	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	23	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	193	25	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	193	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	193	27	highlighting	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	193	28	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	193	29	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	193	30	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	193	32	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	33	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	193	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	194	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-30512	194	2	this	this	PRON
fbem-30512	194	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	194	4	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	194	5	exist	exist	VERB
fbem-30512	194	6	due	due	ADJ
fbem-30512	194	7	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	194	8	fluctuating	fluctuate	VERB
fbem-30512	194	9	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	194	10	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	194	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	194	12	ranging	range	VERB
fbem-30512	194	13	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	194	14	0.413	0.413	NUM
fbem-30512	194	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	194	16	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	194	17	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	194	18	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	194	19	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	194	20	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	194	21	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	194	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	194	23	reflecting	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	194	24	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	194	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	194	26	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	194	27	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
fbem-30512	194	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	195	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	2	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	195	3	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	4	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	195	5	leveraging	leverage	VERB
fbem-30512	195	6	public	public	ADJ
fbem-30512	195	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	195	8	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	195	9	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	195	11	ppps	ppps	PROPN
fbem-30512	195	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	195	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	195	14	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	15	technologies	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	16	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	195	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	195	18	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	195	19	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	195	21	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	195	22	delays	delay	NOUN
fbem-30512	195	23	[	[	X
fbem-30512	195	24	49	49	NUM
fbem-30512	195	25	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	195	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	3	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	4	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	196	6	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	196	7	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	8	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	196	9	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	196	11	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	196	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	13	along	along	ADP
fbem-30512	196	14	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	196	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
fbem-30512	196	16	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	196	17	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	18	instability	instability	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	20	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	196	21	hinder	hinder	VERB
fbem-30512	196	22	sustained	sustained	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	23	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	24	improvements	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	25	[	[	X
fbem-30512	196	26	50].the	50].the	DET
fbem-30512	196	27	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	196	29	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	196	30	possesses	possess	VERB
fbem-30512	196	31	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	32	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	196	33	modern	modern	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	34	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	196	36	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	196	37	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	38	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	39	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	40	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	42	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	196	43	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	196	44	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	45	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	196	46	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	196	47	0.4157	0.4157	NUM
fbem-30512	196	48	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	196	49	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	196	50	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	196	51	0.9880	0.9880	NUM
fbem-30512	196	52	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	196	53	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	196	54	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	196	55	maintaining	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	196	56	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	196	57	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	58	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	196	59	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	196	60	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	61	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	196	62	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	63	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	196	64	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	196	65	[	[	X
fbem-30512	196	66	51	51	NUM
fbem-30512	196	67	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	196	68	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	197	1	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	197	2	weakness	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	3	lies	lie	VERB
fbem-30512	197	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	197	5	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	197	6	dependence	dependence	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	7	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	197	8	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	197	9	vridi	vridi	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	10	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	197	12	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	197	13	limits	limit	VERB
fbem-30512	197	14	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	197	15	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	16	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	197	17	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
fbem-30512	197	18	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	197	19	vessels	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	197	21	creates	create	VERB
fbem-30512	197	22	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	23	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	197	24	[	[	X
fbem-30512	197	25	52	52	NUM
fbem-30512	197	26	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	197	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	198	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	2	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	198	3	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
fbem-30512	198	4	terminal	terminal	ADJ
fbem-30512	198	5	expansions	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	198	7	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	8	corridor	corridor	ADJ
fbem-30512	198	9	developments	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	198	11	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	198	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	198	13	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	198	14	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	15	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	198	16	attract	attract	VERB
fbem-30512	198	17	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	198	18	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	19	volumes	volume	NOUN
fbem-30512	198	20	[	[	X
fbem-30512	198	21	53	53	NUM
fbem-30512	198	22	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	198	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	199	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
fbem-30512	199	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	199	3	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	4	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	199	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	199	6	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-30512	199	7	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	8	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	199	9	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	199	11	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	199	13	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	199	14	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	15	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	16	pose	pose	VERB
fbem-30512	199	17	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	18	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	199	19	long	long	ADJ
fbem-30512	199	20	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	199	21	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	22	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
fbem-30512	199	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	200	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	200	2	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	200	4	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	200	6	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	200	7	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	200	8	primary	primary	ADJ
fbem-30512	200	9	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	10	hub	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	200	12	has	have	VERB
fbem-30512	200	13	strengths	strength	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	200	15	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	200	16	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	200	17	location	location	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	18	along	along	ADP
fbem-30512	200	19	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	200	20	gulf	gulf	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	200	22	guinea	guinea	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	200	24	stable	stable	ADJ
fbem-30512	200	25	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	200	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	27	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	28	averaging	average	VERB
fbem-30512	200	29	0.714	0.714	NUM
fbem-30512	200	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	200	31	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	200	32	contribute	contribute	VERB
fbem-30512	200	33	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	200	34	steady	steady	ADJ
fbem-30512	200	35	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	200	36	performance[54	performance[54	NOUN
fbem-30512	200	37	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	200	38	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	201	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	201	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	201	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	201	4	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
fbem-30512	201	5	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	201	6	low	low	PROPN
fbem-30512	201	7	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	201	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	201	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	201	10	peaking	peak	VERB
fbem-30512	201	11	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	201	12	0.580	0.580	NUM
fbem-30512	201	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	201	14	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	201	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	201	16	pointing	point	VERB
fbem-30512	201	17	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	201	18	scale	scale	VERB
fbem-30512	201	19	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	201	20	caused	cause	VERB
fbem-30512	201	21	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	201	22	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-30512	201	23	berth	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	201	24	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	201	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	201	26	underutilized	underutilized	ADJ
fbem-30512	201	27	resources	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	201	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	202	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	202	2	exist	exist	VERB
fbem-30512	202	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	202	4	planned	plan	VERB
fbem-30512	202	5	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-30512	202	6	projects	project	NOUN
fbem-30512	202	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	202	8	deeper	deep	ADJ
fbem-30512	202	9	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	202	10	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	202	11	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	202	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	202	13	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	202	14	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	202	15	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	202	16	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	202	17	competitive	competitive	ADJ
fbem-30512	202	18	position	position	NOUN
fbem-30512	202	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	203	1	yet	yet	ADV
fbem-30512	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	203	3	threats	threat	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	4	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	203	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	203	6	rising	rise	VERB
fbem-30512	203	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	203	9	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	203	11	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	203	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	203	13	persistent	persistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	203	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	15	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	16	continue	continue	VERB
fbem-30512	203	17	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	203	18	challenge	challenge	VERB
fbem-30512	203	19	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	20	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	203	21	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	22	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	203	23	compete	compete	VERB
fbem-30512	203	24	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-30512	203	25	within	within	ADP
fbem-30512	203	26	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	203	27	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	203	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	204	1	6	6	X
fbem-30512	204	2	.	.	X
fbem-30512	204	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
fbem-30512	204	4	6.1	6.1	NUM
fbem-30512	204	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	205	1	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	205	3	results	result	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	205	5	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	205	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	205	7	swot	swot	PROPN
fbem-30512	205	8	analyses	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	9	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	205	10	critical	critical	ADJ
fbem-30512	205	11	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	12	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	205	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	205	14	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	205	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	205	17	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	205	18	positioning	positioning	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	205	20	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	205	22	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	205	24	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	205	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	205	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	205	27	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	205	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	206	1	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	206	2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-30512	206	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	206	4	most	most	ADV
fbem-30512	206	5	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	206	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	7	gains	gain	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	206	9	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	206	10	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	206	11	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	12	rising	rise	VERB
fbem-30512	206	13	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	206	14	0.17	0.17	NUM
fbem-30512	206	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	206	16	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	206	17	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	206	18	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	206	19	perfect	perfect	ADJ
fbem-30512	206	20	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	206	21	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	206	22	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	206	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	206	24	reflecting	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	206	25	deep	deep	ADJ
fbem-30512	206	26	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	206	27	water	water	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	28	harbor	harbor	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	29	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	206	31	advanced	advanced	ADJ
fbem-30512	206	32	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	33	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	206	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	206	36	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	206	37	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	38	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	206	39	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	206	40	transhipment	transhipment	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	41	hub	hub	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	42	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	206	43	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	206	44	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	206	45	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	207	1	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	207	2	consistently	consistently	ADV
fbem-30512	207	3	perfect	perfect	ADJ
fbem-30512	207	4	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	207	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	207	6	further	further	ADJ
fbem-30512	207	7	highlights	highlight	NOUN
fbem-30512	207	8	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-30512	207	9	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	207	10	utilization	utilization	NOUN
fbem-30512	207	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	208	1	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	208	2	also	also	ADV
fbem-30512	208	3	showed	show	VERB
fbem-30512	208	4	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	208	5	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	208	7	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	208	8	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	208	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	10	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	208	11	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	208	12	0.41	0.41	NUM
fbem-30512	208	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	208	14	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	208	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	208	16	0.94	0.94	NUM
fbem-30512	208	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	208	18	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-30512	208	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	208	20	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	208	21	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	208	22	vridi	vridi	PROPN
fbem-30512	208	23	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	24	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	208	26	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	27	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	208	29	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	208	30	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	208	31	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	32	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	208	33	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
fbem-30512	208	34	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	208	35	vessels	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	36	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	208	37	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
fbem-30512	208	38	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	208	39	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	208	40	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	209	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	209	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	209	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	209	4	reliance	reliance	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	5	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	209	6	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	209	7	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	8	creates	create	VERB
fbem-30512	209	9	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	10	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	209	12	limiting	limit	VERB
fbem-30512	209	13	long	long	ADJ
fbem-30512	209	14	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	209	15	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	16	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	17	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	209	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	210	1	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	2	port	port	VERB
fbem-30512	210	3	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
fbem-30512	210	4	terminal	terminal	ADJ
fbem-30512	210	5	expansions	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	6	present	present	VERB
fbem-30512	210	7	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	210	8	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	9	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	210	10	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	210	11	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	210	12	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	13	’s	’s	ADV
fbem-30512	210	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	210	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	210	16	contrast	contrast	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	210	18	faced	face	VERB
fbem-30512	210	19	persistent	persistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	210	20	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	21	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	210	23	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	210	24	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	210	25	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	26	peaking	peak	VERB
fbem-30512	210	27	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	210	28	0.58	0.58	NUM
fbem-30512	210	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	210	30	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	210	31	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	32	averaging	average	VERB
fbem-30512	210	33	0.714	0.714	NUM
fbem-30512	210	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	210	35	reflecting	reflect	VERB
fbem-30512	210	36	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	37	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	210	39	underutilized	underutilized	ADJ
fbem-30512	210	40	berth	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	41	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	210	42	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	1	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	211	2	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	211	3	location	location	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	211	5	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	6	projects	project	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	7	offer	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	211	8	potential	potential	ADJ
fbem-30512	211	9	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	211	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	11	gains	gain	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	13	provided	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	211	14	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	15	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	211	16	directed	direct	VERB
fbem-30512	211	17	toward	toward	ADP
fbem-30512	211	18	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	211	19	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	211	20	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	21	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	23	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	211	24	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	211	25	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	26	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	211	27	largest	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	211	28	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	30	experienced	experience	VERB
fbem-30512	211	31	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	211	32	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	33	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	35	0.413	0.413	NUM
fbem-30512	211	36	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	211	37	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	211	38	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	211	39	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	211	40	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	211	41	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	211	42	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	211	44	highlighting	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	211	45	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	46	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	211	47	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	211	48	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	49	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	211	50	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	212	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	212	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	212	3	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	212	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	212	5	bcc	bcc	NOUN
fbem-30512	212	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	212	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	212	8	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	212	9	confirms	confirm	VERB
fbem-30512	212	10	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-30512	212	11	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	212	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	212	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	212	14	robust	robust	ADJ
fbem-30512	212	15	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	212	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	213	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-30512	213	2	lie	lie	VERB
fbem-30512	213	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	213	4	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	213	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	213	6	public	public	ADJ
fbem-30512	213	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	213	8	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	213	9	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
fbem-30512	213	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	213	11	ppps	ppps	PROPN
fbem-30512	213	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	213	13	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	213	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	213	15	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	213	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	213	17	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	213	18	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
fbem-30512	213	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	214	1	overall	overall	ADV
fbem-30512	214	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	214	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	214	4	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	5	underscore	underscore	VERB
fbem-30512	214	6	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	214	7	importance	importance	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	214	9	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	10	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	214	12	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	214	13	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	214	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	214	16	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	214	17	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	18	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	214	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	215	1	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	215	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	215	3	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	215	4	exemplify	exemplify	VERB
fbem-30512	215	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	215	6	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	215	8	targeted	target	VERB
fbem-30512	215	9	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	10	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	215	12	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-30512	215	13	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	215	15	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	16	highlight	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	215	17	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	215	18	need	need	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	19	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	215	20	sustained	sustained	ADJ
fbem-30512	215	21	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	22	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	215	23	overcome	overcome	VERB
fbem-30512	215	24	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	215	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	216	1	addressing	address	VERB
fbem-30512	216	2	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	216	3	disparities	disparity	NOUN
fbem-30512	216	4	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	216	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	216	6	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	216	7	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	216	8	ecowas	ecowas	ADJ
fbem-30512	216	9	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	216	10	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	216	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	216	12	advancing	advance	VERB
fbem-30512	216	13	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	216	14	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	216	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	216	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	217	1	6.2	6.2	NUM
fbem-30512	217	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	217	3	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	4	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	217	5	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	6	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	217	7	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	217	8	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	217	9	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	217	11	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	217	13	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	217	14	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	15	must	must	AUX
fbem-30512	217	16	adopt	adopt	VERB
fbem-30512	217	17	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	217	18	mix	mix	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	217	20	short	short	ADJ
fbem-30512	217	21	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	217	22	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	217	24	long	long	ADJ
fbem-30512	217	25	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	217	26	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	27	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	217	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	218	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	218	2	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	218	3	short	short	ADJ
fbem-30512	218	4	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	218	6	streamlining	streamline	VERB
fbem-30512	218	7	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	8	procedures	procedure	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	9	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	218	10	essential	essential	ADJ
fbem-30512	218	11	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	218	12	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	218	13	delays	delay	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	218	15	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	218	17	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-30512	218	18	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	218	19	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	218	21	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	218	23	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-30512	218	24	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	218	25	clearance	clearance	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	26	processes	process	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	27	hinder	hinder	VERB
fbem-30512	218	28	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	29	throughput	throughput	NOUN
fbem-30512	218	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	219	1	the	the	PRON
fbem-30512	219	2	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
fbem-30512	219	3	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	219	4	importance	importance	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	219	6	simplifying	simplify	VERB
fbem-30512	219	7	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	8	clearance	clearance	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	9	processes	process	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	219	11	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	219	12	coordination	coordination	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	13	among	among	ADP
fbem-30512	219	14	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	219	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	219	17	adopting	adopt	VERB
fbem-30512	219	18	digital	digital	ADJ
fbem-30512	219	19	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	20	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	219	21	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	219	22	delays	delay	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	219	24	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	219	25	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	219	27	[	[	X
fbem-30512	219	28	55	55	NUM
fbem-30512	219	29	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	219	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	220	1	implementing	implement	VERB
fbem-30512	220	2	digitalized	digitalize	VERB
fbem-30512	220	3	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	220	4	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-30512	220	5	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	220	6	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	220	7	clearance	clearance	NOUN
fbem-30512	220	8	speed	speed	NOUN
fbem-30512	220	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	220	10	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	220	11	turnaround	turnaround	NOUN
fbem-30512	220	12	times	time	NOUN
fbem-30512	220	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	221	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
fbem-30512	221	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	221	3	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	4	technologies	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	221	6	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	221	7	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	221	8	automated	automate	VERB
fbem-30512	221	9	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	10	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	11	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	221	13	smart	smart	ADJ
fbem-30512	221	14	traffic	traffic	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	15	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	221	17	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	221	18	optimize	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	221	19	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	221	20	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	221	22	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
fbem-30512	221	23	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	24	at	at	ADP
fbem-30512	221	25	highvolume	highvolume	PROPN
fbem-30512	221	26	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	27	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	221	28	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	221	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	222	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	222	2	importance	importance	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	222	4	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	5	technologies	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	6	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	222	7	robotics	robotic	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	222	9	iot	iot	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	222	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	222	12	ai	ai	VERB
fbem-30512	222	13	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	222	14	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	222	15	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	222	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	222	18	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	222	20	helping	help	VERB
fbem-30512	222	21	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	222	22	optimize	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	222	23	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	24	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	222	26	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	222	27	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
fbem-30512	222	28	[	[	X
fbem-30512	222	29	56	56	NUM
fbem-30512	222	30	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	222	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	223	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	223	2	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	223	3	long	long	ADJ
fbem-30512	223	4	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	223	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	223	6	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	223	7	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	223	8	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	223	9	critical	critical	ADJ
fbem-30512	223	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	224	1	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	2	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	224	3	invest	invest	VERB
fbem-30512	224	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	224	5	new	new	ADJ
fbem-30512	224	6	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	7	terminals	terminal	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	224	9	additional	additional	ADJ
fbem-30512	224	10	berths	berth	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	224	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	224	13	enhanced	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	224	14	crane	crane	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	15	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	16	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	224	17	meet	meet	VERB
fbem-30512	224	18	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-30512	224	19	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	20	demands	demand	NOUN
fbem-30512	224	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	225	1	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	225	2	's	's	PART
fbem-30512	225	3	vridi	vridi	PROPN
fbem-30512	225	4	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	225	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	225	6	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	225	7	example	example	NOUN
fbem-30512	225	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	225	9	requires	require	VERB
fbem-30512	225	10	further	further	ADJ
fbem-30512	225	11	dredging	dredging	NOUN
fbem-30512	225	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	225	13	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	225	14	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	225	15	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
fbem-30512	225	16	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	225	17	vessels	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	225	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	225	19	maintain	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	225	20	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	225	21	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	225	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	226	1	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-30512	226	2	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
fbem-30512	226	3	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	226	4	samuel	samuel	PROPN
fbem-30512	226	5	et	et	PROPN
fbem-30512	226	6	al	al	PROPN
fbem-30512	226	7	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	226	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	226	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	226	10	recent	recent	ADJ
fbem-30512	226	11	modifications	modification	NOUN
fbem-30512	226	12	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	226	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	226	14	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	226	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	226	16	including	include	VERB
fbem-30512	226	17	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	226	18	deepening	deepening	NOUN
fbem-30512	226	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	226	20	widening	widen	VERB
fbem-30512	226	21	between	between	ADP
fbem-30512	226	22	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-30512	226	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	226	24	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-30512	226	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	226	26	have	have	AUX
fbem-30512	226	27	already	already	ADV
fbem-30512	226	28	improved	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	226	29	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	226	30	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	226	31	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	226	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	227	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-30512	227	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	227	3	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	227	4	sustain	sustain	VERB
fbem-30512	227	5	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	227	6	momentum	momentum	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	227	8	ensure	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	227	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	227	10	canal	canal	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	11	remains	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	227	12	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	227	13	player	player	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	227	15	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	227	16	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	227	17	maritime	maritime	ADJ
fbem-30512	227	18	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	227	20	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
fbem-30512	227	21	dredging	dredging	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	22	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	227	23	essential	essential	ADJ
fbem-30512	227	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	227	25	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-30512	227	26	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	227	27	light	light	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	227	29	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	227	30	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-30512	227	31	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	32	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	227	33	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	227	34	vessels	vessel	NOUN
fbem-30512	227	35	[	[	X
fbem-30512	227	36	57	57	NUM
fbem-30512	227	37	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	227	38	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
fbem-30512	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	3	pale	pale	ADJ
fbem-30512	228	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	5	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	228	6	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	7	suggested	suggest	VERB
fbem-30512	228	8	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	228	9	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
fbem-30512	228	10	advanced	advanced	ADJ
fbem-30512	228	11	technologies	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	13	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	228	14	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	228	15	artificial	artificial	ADJ
fbem-30512	228	16	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	228	18	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	19	analytics	analytic	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	21	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	228	22	complement	complement	VERB
fbem-30512	228	23	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	228	24	physical	physical	ADJ
fbem-30512	228	25	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	26	improvements	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	27	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	228	28	optimizing	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	228	29	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	30	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	228	32	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	228	33	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	228	35	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
fbem-30512	228	36	bolstering	bolster	VERB
fbem-30512	228	37	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	228	38	's	's	PART
fbem-30512	228	39	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	228	40	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	228	41	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	228	42	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	229	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	229	2	58	58	NUM
fbem-30512	229	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	229	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	1	public	public	ADJ
fbem-30512	230	2	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	3	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	230	4	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	6	ppps	ppps	PROPN
fbem-30512	230	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	8	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	230	9	drive	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	230	10	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	11	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	230	12	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	230	13	large	large	ADJ
fbem-30512	230	14	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	15	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	16	developments	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	18	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-30512	230	19	seen	see	VERB
fbem-30512	230	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	230	21	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	22	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	230	23	success	success	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	230	25	93	93	NUM
fbem-30512	230	26	attracting	attract	VERB
fbem-30512	230	27	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	230	28	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	29	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	230	30	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	230	31	transhipment	transhipment	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	32	capabilities	capability	NOUN
fbem-30512	230	33	[	[	X
fbem-30512	230	34	59	59	NUM
fbem-30512	230	35	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	230	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	231	1	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
fbem-30512	231	2	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-30512	231	3	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	231	4	also	also	ADV
fbem-30512	231	5	necessary	necessary	ADJ
fbem-30512	231	6	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	231	7	align	align	VERB
fbem-30512	231	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	231	9	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	231	10	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	231	11	international	international	ADJ
fbem-30512	231	12	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-30512	231	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	231	14	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	231	15	governance	governance	NOUN
fbem-30512	231	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	231	17	transparency	transparency	NOUN
fbem-30512	231	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	231	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	231	20	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	231	21	[	[	X
fbem-30512	231	22	60	60	NUM
fbem-30512	231	23	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	231	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
fbem-30512	232	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	3	integrating	integrate	VERB
fbem-30512	232	4	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	5	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	7	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	232	8	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	232	9	green	green	ADJ
fbem-30512	232	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	11	policies	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	13	energyefficient	energyefficient	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	14	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	232	17	waste	waste	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	18	reduction	reduction	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	19	programs	program	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	21	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	232	22	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	232	23	long	long	ADJ
fbem-30512	232	24	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	232	25	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	26	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	232	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	233	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	233	2	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	3	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	4	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	233	5	investing	invest	VERB
fbem-30512	233	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	233	7	rail	rail	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	233	9	inland	inland	ADJ
fbem-30512	233	10	waterway	waterway	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	11	linkages	linkage	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	12	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	233	13	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	233	14	logistics	logistics	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	15	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	233	17	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	233	18	hinterland	hinterland	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	19	access	access	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	233	21	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-30512	233	22	benefiting	benefit	VERB
fbem-30512	233	23	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	24	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	233	25	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	233	27	cotonou	cotonou	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	233	29	which	which	PRON
fbem-30512	233	30	serve	serve	VERB
fbem-30512	233	31	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	233	32	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	33	routes	route	NOUN
fbem-30512	233	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	234	1	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	234	2	implementing	implement	VERB
fbem-30512	234	3	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	234	4	measures	measure	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	234	6	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	234	7	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	8	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	234	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	234	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	234	12	optimize	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	234	13	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	14	utilization	utilization	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	234	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	234	17	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	234	18	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	234	19	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	20	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	234	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	235	1	addressing	address	VERB
fbem-30512	235	2	key	key	ADJ
fbem-30512	235	3	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	235	5	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	6	procedures	procedure	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	235	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	9	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	235	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	235	12	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	235	13	capacity	capacity	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	14	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	235	15	drive	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	235	16	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
fbem-30512	235	17	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	235	19	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	235	20	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	235	21	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	235	22	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	23	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	235	24	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	235	25	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	235	26	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	235	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	236	1	6.3	6.3	NUM
fbem-30512	236	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	1	future	future	ADJ
fbem-30512	237	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	3	directions	direction	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	4	future	future	ADJ
fbem-30512	237	5	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	237	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	237	8	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	9	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	237	10	focus	focus	VERB
fbem-30512	237	11	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	237	12	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	13	transport	transport	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	14	networks	network	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	16	assessing	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	237	17	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	237	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	237	20	rail	rail	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	22	road	road	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	237	25	inland	inland	ADJ
fbem-30512	237	26	waterways	waterway	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	27	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	237	28	linking	link	VERB
fbem-30512	237	29	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	30	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	237	31	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
fbem-30512	237	32	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	33	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	237	34	burkina	burkina	PROPN
fbem-30512	237	35	faso	faso	PROPN
fbem-30512	237	36	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	37	mali	mali	ADJ
fbem-30512	237	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	39	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	237	40	niger	niger	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	42	optimizing	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	237	43	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	44	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	237	45	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	237	46	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	47	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	237	48	[	[	X
fbem-30512	237	49	61	61	NUM
fbem-30512	237	50	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	237	51	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	1	another	another	DET
fbem-30512	238	2	area	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	3	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	238	4	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	238	6	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	8	exploring	explore	VERB
fbem-30512	238	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	238	10	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	238	12	blockchain	blockchain	PROPN
fbem-30512	238	13	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	14	based	base	VERB
fbem-30512	238	15	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	16	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	18	ai	ai	ADJ
fbem-30512	238	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	20	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	238	21	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	22	handling	handling	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	238	25	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	26	management	management	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	27	software	software	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	28	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	238	29	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	238	30	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	238	31	[	[	X
fbem-30512	238	32	62	62	NUM
fbem-30512	238	33	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	238	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	239	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	239	2	adoption	adoption	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	239	4	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	5	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	239	7	including	include	VERB
fbem-30512	239	8	renewable	renewable	ADJ
fbem-30512	239	9	energy	energy	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	239	11	eco	eco	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	12	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	239	13	friendly	friendly	ADJ
fbem-30512	239	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	239	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	239	17	emissionreduction	emissionreduction	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	18	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	239	20	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	239	21	also	also	ADV
fbem-30512	239	22	be	be	AUX
fbem-30512	239	23	examined	examine	VERB
fbem-30512	239	24	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	239	25	align	align	VERB
fbem-30512	239	26	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	239	27	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	28	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	239	29	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	239	30	environmental	environmental	ADJ
fbem-30512	239	31	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-30512	239	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	240	2	efforts	effort	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	3	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	240	4	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	240	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	240	6	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	240	7	emissions	emission	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	240	9	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	240	10	energy	energy	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	11	security	security	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	13	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-30512	240	14	renewable	renewable	ADJ
fbem-30512	240	15	energy	energy	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	16	sources	source	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	17	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	240	18	solar	solar	ADJ
fbem-30512	240	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	20	wind	wind	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	240	23	hydro	hydro	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	25	along	along	ADP
fbem-30512	240	26	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	240	27	technologies	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	28	like	like	ADP
fbem-30512	240	29	carbon	carbon	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	30	capture	capture	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	240	32	storage	storage	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	33	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	34	ccs	ccs	PROPN
fbem-30512	240	35	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	36	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	37	play	play	VERB
fbem-30512	240	38	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	240	39	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-30512	240	40	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	41	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	240	42	mitigating	mitigate	VERB
fbem-30512	240	43	climate	climate	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	44	change	change	NOUN
fbem-30512	240	45	[	[	X
fbem-30512	240	46	63	63	NUM
fbem-30512	240	47	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	240	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	241	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-30512	241	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	3	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	241	4	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	5	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	6	could	could	AUX
fbem-30512	241	7	benchmark	benchmark	VERB
fbem-30512	241	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	241	9	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	10	against	against	ADP
fbem-30512	241	11	east	east	ADJ
fbem-30512	241	12	asian	asian	ADJ
fbem-30512	241	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	241	14	middle	middle	ADJ
fbem-30512	241	15	eastern	eastern	ADJ
fbem-30512	241	16	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	241	18	identifying	identify	VERB
fbem-30512	241	19	best	good	ADJ
fbem-30512	241	20	practices	practice	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	21	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	241	22	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	23	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	241	25	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	26	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	241	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	242	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
fbem-30512	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	242	3	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	4	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	242	5	analysed	analyse	VERB
fbem-30512	242	6	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	242	7	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	242	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	242	9	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	10	impacts	impact	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	242	12	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	242	13	afcfta	afcfta	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	242	15	focusing	focus	VERB
fbem-30512	242	16	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	242	17	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-30512	242	18	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
fbem-30512	242	19	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	20	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	242	21	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	242	22	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	242	24	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	25	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	26	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	242	27	simplifying	simplify	VERB
fbem-30512	242	28	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	29	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	242	31	harmonizing	harmonize	VERB
fbem-30512	242	32	customs	custom	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	33	procedures	procedure	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	242	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	242	36	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	242	37	non	non	ADJ
fbem-30512	242	38	-	-	ADJ
fbem-30512	242	39	tariff	tariff	ADJ
fbem-30512	242	40	barriers	barrier	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	41	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	242	42	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	242	43	crossborder	crossborder	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	44	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	45	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	242	46	logistics	logistic	NOUN
fbem-30512	242	47	[	[	X
fbem-30512	242	48	64	64	NUM
fbem-30512	242	49	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	242	50	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	243	1	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	2	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	243	3	also	also	ADV
fbem-30512	243	4	address	address	VERB
fbem-30512	243	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	243	6	resilience	resilience	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	243	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	243	9	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	10	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	243	11	external	external	ADJ
fbem-30512	243	12	shocks	shock	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	243	14	such	such	ADJ
fbem-30512	243	15	as	as	ADP
fbem-30512	243	16	pandemics	pandemic	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	243	18	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	243	19	crises	crisis	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	243	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	243	22	supply	supply	VERB
fbem-30512	243	23	chain	chain	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	24	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	243	26	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	243	27	develop	develop	VERB
fbem-30512	243	28	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	29	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	30	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	243	31	sustained	sustained	ADJ
fbem-30512	243	32	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	243	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	244	1	finally	finally	ADV
fbem-30512	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	244	3	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	244	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	244	5	social	social	ADJ
fbem-30512	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	244	7	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	244	8	impacts	impact	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	244	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	11	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	244	13	including	include	VERB
fbem-30512	244	14	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	15	creation	creation	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	244	17	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	244	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	244	20	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	244	21	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	244	22	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	244	24	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	244	25	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	244	26	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	244	27	holistic	holistic	ADJ
fbem-30512	244	28	view	view	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	244	30	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-30512	244	31	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	32	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	33	drive	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	244	34	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
fbem-30512	244	35	development	development	NOUN
fbem-30512	244	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	245	1	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	245	2	exploring	explore	VERB
fbem-30512	245	3	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	245	4	areas	area	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	245	6	future	future	ADJ
fbem-30512	245	7	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	8	can	can	AUX
fbem-30512	245	9	contribute	contribute	VERB
fbem-30512	245	10	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	245	11	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	245	12	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	245	13	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	245	16	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	245	17	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	245	18	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	19	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	245	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	245	22	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	245	23	long	long	ADJ
fbem-30512	245	24	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	245	25	term	term	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	26	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
fbem-30512	245	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	1	7	7	X
fbem-30512	246	2	.	.	X
fbem-30512	246	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	4	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	246	5	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	6	assessed	assess	VERB
fbem-30512	246	7	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	246	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	246	10	four	four	NUM
fbem-30512	246	11	major	major	ADJ
fbem-30512	246	12	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	246	13	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	14	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	15	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	246	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	17	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	19	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	246	22	lomé	lomé	ADJ
fbem-30512	246	23	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	24	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	246	25	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	26	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	246	27	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	28	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	29	dea	dea	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	30	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	246	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	246	32	swot	swot	VERB
fbem-30512	246	33	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	34	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	246	35	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
fbem-30512	246	36	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	246	37	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	246	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	246	39	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	246	40	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	246	41	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	246	42	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-30512	246	43	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	246	44	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	246	45	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	247	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	247	2	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
fbem-30512	247	4	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-30512	247	5	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	6	is	be	AUX
fbem-30512	247	7	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	247	8	most	most	ADV
fbem-30512	247	9	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-30512	247	10	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	247	12	achieving	achieve	VERB
fbem-30512	247	13	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-30512	247	14	ccr	ccr	PROPN
fbem-30512	247	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	247	16	bcc	bcc	PROPN
fbem-30512	247	17	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	247	19	1.0	1.0	NUM
fbem-30512	247	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	247	21	largely	largely	ADV
fbem-30512	247	22	due	due	ADJ
fbem-30512	247	23	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	247	24	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	247	25	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	26	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	247	27	transhipment	transhipment	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	247	30	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	247	31	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
fbem-30512	247	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	248	1	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	248	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-30512	248	4	maintaining	maintain	VERB
fbem-30512	248	5	high	high	ADJ
fbem-30512	248	6	technical	technical	ADJ
fbem-30512	248	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	248	9	faces	face	VERB
fbem-30512	248	10	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	11	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	12	due	due	ADP
fbem-30512	248	13	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	248	14	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	248	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	17	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
fbem-30512	248	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	249	1	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	249	2	has	have	AUX
fbem-30512	249	3	shown	show	VERB
fbem-30512	249	4	steady	steady	ADJ
fbem-30512	249	5	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-30512	249	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	249	7	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	249	8	by	by	ADP
fbem-30512	249	9	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	249	10	expansions	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	249	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	249	12	yet	yet	CCONJ
fbem-30512	249	13	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	249	14	dependency	dependency	NOUN
fbem-30512	249	15	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	249	16	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	249	17	vridi	vridi	PROPN
fbem-30512	249	18	canal	canal	PROPN
fbem-30512	249	19	remains	remain	VERB
fbem-30512	249	20	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	249	21	challenge	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	249	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	250	1	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	250	3	ranking	rank	VERB
fbem-30512	250	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	250	5	lowest	low	ADJ
fbem-30512	250	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	250	7	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	250	9	struggles	struggle	VERB
fbem-30512	250	10	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	250	11	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	12	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	250	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	15	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	250	17	limiting	limit	VERB
fbem-30512	250	18	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	250	19	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-30512	250	20	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	250	21	compete	compete	VERB
fbem-30512	250	22	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-30512	250	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	251	1	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	251	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
fbem-30512	251	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	251	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-30512	251	6	role	role	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	251	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	9	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	251	11	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	251	12	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	251	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	251	15	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	16	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	251	18	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	251	19	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	20	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	251	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	1	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	2	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	3	include	include	VERB
fbem-30512	252	4	automation	automation	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	6	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	7	transport	transport	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	8	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	10	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
fbem-30512	252	11	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	252	14	public	public	ADJ
fbem-30512	252	15	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	16	private	private	ADJ
fbem-30512	252	17	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	18	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	19	ppps	ppps	PROPN
fbem-30512	252	20	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	252	21	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	252	22	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-30512	252	23	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	24	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	252	26	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	252	27	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	28	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
fbem-30512	252	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	253	1	addressing	address	VERB
fbem-30512	253	2	scale	scale	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	3	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	253	5	congestion	congestion	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	6	issues	issue	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	253	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	253	9	technological	technological	ADJ
fbem-30512	253	10	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	11	will	will	AUX
fbem-30512	253	12	be	be	AUX
fbem-30512	253	13	essential	essential	ADJ
fbem-30512	253	14	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	253	15	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-30512	253	16	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
fbem-30512	253	17	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	253	19	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	253	20	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	253	21	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	253	22	global	global	ADJ
fbem-30512	253	23	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	24	position	position	NOUN
fbem-30512	253	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	254	1	future	future	ADJ
fbem-30512	254	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	3	should	should	AUX
fbem-30512	254	4	explore	explore	VERB
fbem-30512	254	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	254	6	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	254	8	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	254	10	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	11	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	254	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	254	14	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	254	15	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	16	changes	change	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	17	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	254	18	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	19	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	254	21	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	254	22	further	further	ADJ
fbem-30512	254	23	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	24	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	254	25	optimizing	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	254	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	254	28	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-30512	254	29	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	254	30	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
fbem-30512	254	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	255	1	these	these	DET
fbem-30512	255	2	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	3	offer	offer	VERB
fbem-30512	255	4	valuable	valuable	ADJ
fbem-30512	255	5	guidance	guidance	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	6	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	255	7	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	255	9	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	10	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	255	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	255	13	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	14	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	255	16	developing	develop	VERB
fbem-30512	255	17	strategic	strategic	ADJ
fbem-30512	255	18	solutions	solution	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	19	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	255	20	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	255	21	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	255	22	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	23	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	255	24	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	255	25	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	26	acknowledgments	acknowledgment	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	27	we	we	PRON
fbem-30512	255	28	would	would	AUX
fbem-30512	255	29	like	like	VERB
fbem-30512	255	30	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	255	31	express	express	VERB
fbem-30512	255	32	our	our	PRON
fbem-30512	255	33	sincere	sincere	ADJ
fbem-30512	255	34	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	35	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	255	36	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	255	37	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	38	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	39	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	255	40	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	255	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	255	42	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	255	44	lagos	lago	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	255	46	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	255	47	lomé	lomé	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	48	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	255	49	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-30512	255	50	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	255	51	essential	essential	ADJ
fbem-30512	255	52	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	53	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	255	54	resources	resource	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	55	that	that	PRON
fbem-30512	255	56	made	make	VERB
fbem-30512	255	57	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	255	58	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	255	59	possible	possible	ADJ
fbem-30512	255	60	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	1	special	special	ADJ
fbem-30512	256	2	thanks	thank	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	3	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	256	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	256	5	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	6	authorities	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	256	8	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	10	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	256	11	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	12	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	256	14	harbours	harbours	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	15	authority	authority	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	16	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	17	gpha	gpha	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	20	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	256	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
fbem-30512	256	22	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	23	authority	authority	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	25	npa	npa	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	256	28	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	256	29	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	256	30	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	31	autonome	autonome	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	32	de	de	X
fbem-30512	256	33	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	256	34	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	256	35	their	their	PRON
fbem-30512	256	36	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	37	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	256	38	support	support	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	39	throughout	throughout	ADP
fbem-30512	256	40	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	256	41	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	42	process	process	NOUN
fbem-30512	256	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	257	1	ethical	ethical	ADJ
fbem-30512	257	2	approval	approval	NOUN
fbem-30512	257	3	statement	statement	NOUN
fbem-30512	257	4	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	257	5	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	257	6	did	do	AUX
fbem-30512	257	7	not	not	PART
fbem-30512	257	8	involve	involve	VERB
fbem-30512	257	9	any	any	DET
fbem-30512	257	10	human	human	ADJ
fbem-30512	257	11	participants	participant	NOUN
fbem-30512	257	12	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-30512	257	13	animals	animal	NOUN
fbem-30512	257	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	257	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	257	16	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-30512	257	17	ethical	ethical	ADJ
fbem-30512	257	18	approval	approval	NOUN
fbem-30512	257	19	was	be	AUX
fbem-30512	257	20	not	not	PART
fbem-30512	257	21	required	require	VERB
fbem-30512	257	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	258	1	all	all	DET
fbem-30512	258	2	procedures	procedure	NOUN
fbem-30512	258	3	related	relate	VERB
fbem-30512	258	4	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	258	5	data	data	NOUN
fbem-30512	258	6	collection	collection	NOUN
fbem-30512	258	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	258	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	258	9	complied	comply	VERB
fbem-30512	258	10	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	258	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
fbem-30512	258	12	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
fbem-30512	258	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	258	14	ethical	ethical	ADJ
fbem-30512	258	15	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-30512	258	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	259	1	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	259	2	availability	availability	NOUN
fbem-30512	259	3	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	259	4	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	259	5	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	259	6	used	use	VERB
fbem-30512	259	7	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	259	8	support	support	VERB
fbem-30512	259	9	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	259	10	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-30512	259	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	259	12	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	259	13	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	259	14	are	be	AUX
fbem-30512	259	15	included	include	VERB
fbem-30512	259	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	259	17	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	259	18	article	article	NOUN
fbem-30512	259	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	260	1	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
fbem-30512	260	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	260	3	interest	interest	NOUN
fbem-30512	260	4	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	260	5	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	260	6	authors	author	NOUN
fbem-30512	260	7	declare	declare	VERB
fbem-30512	260	8	no	no	DET
fbem-30512	260	9	conflict	conflict	NOUN
fbem-30512	260	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	260	11	interest	interest	NOUN
fbem-30512	260	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	1	author	author	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	2	contributions	contribution	VERB
fbem-30512	261	3	d.z	d.z	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	5	a.a	a.a	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	7	r.t.n	r.t.n	ADJ
fbem-30512	261	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	9	conceptualization	conceptualization	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	11	writing	writing	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	12	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	13	review	review	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	15	data	data	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	16	collection	collection	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	18	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	19	drafting	drafting	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	261	21	supervision	supervision	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	261	23	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	261	24	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	25	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	26	z.h	z.h	X
fbem-30512	261	27	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	28	investigation	investigation	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	30	validation	validation	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	31	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	32	d.z	d.z	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	33	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	34	design	design	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	36	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	37	collection	collection	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	38	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	39	a.a	a.a	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	40	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	41	investigation	investigation	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	43	editing	editing	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	44	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	45	d.z	d.z	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	46	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	47	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	48	r.m	r.m	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	49	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	50	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	51	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	52	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	53	editing	editing	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	54	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	55	z.h	z.h	X
fbem-30512	261	56	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	57	o.o	o.o	PROPN
fbem-30512	261	58	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	59	editing	editing	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	60	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	261	61	supervision	supervision	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	62	consent	consent	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	63	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	261	64	participate	participate	VERB
fbem-30512	261	65	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	261	66	publish	publish	VERB
fbem-30512	261	67	all	all	DET
fbem-30512	261	68	authors	author	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	69	have	have	AUX
fbem-30512	261	70	reviewed	review	VERB
fbem-30512	261	71	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	261	72	approved	approve	VERB
fbem-30512	261	73	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	261	74	final	final	ADJ
fbem-30512	261	75	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	76	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	261	77	publication	publication	NOUN
fbem-30512	261	78	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	262	1	all	all	DET
fbem-30512	262	2	authors	author	NOUN
fbem-30512	262	3	consent	consent	VERB
fbem-30512	262	4	to	to	PART
fbem-30512	262	5	participate	participate	VERB
fbem-30512	262	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	262	7	this	this	DET
fbem-30512	262	8	research	research	NOUN
fbem-30512	262	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	262	10	agree	agree	VERB
fbem-30512	262	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	262	12	its	its	PRON
fbem-30512	262	13	publication	publication	NOUN
fbem-30512	262	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	1	94	94	NUM
fbem-30512	263	2	references	reference	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	3	[	[	X
fbem-30512	263	4	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	263	5	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	6	t.	t.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	7	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	8	elem	elem	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	10	i.	i.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	11	c.	c.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	12	ogwude	ogwude	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	14	c.	c.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	15	c.	c.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	16	ibe	ibe	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	18	k.	k.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	19	u.	u.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	20	nnadi	nnadi	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	263	23	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	24	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	25	ejem	ejem	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	27	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	28	decoupling	decouple	VERB
fbem-30512	263	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	263	30	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	263	31	activity	activity	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	263	33	freight	freight	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	34	transport	transport	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	35	volume	volume	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	36	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	37	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	263	38	evidence	evidence	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	39	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	263	40	short	short	ADJ
fbem-30512	263	41	sea	sea	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	42	shipping	shipping	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	43	future	future	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	44	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	263	45	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	263	46	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	47	sub	sub	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	48	-	-	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	49	region	region	NOUN
fbem-30512	263	50	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	51	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	263	52	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	53	sustain	sustain	PROPN
fbem-30512	263	54	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	264	1	dev	dev	AUX
fbem-30512	264	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	264	3	transp	transp	PROPN
fbem-30512	264	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	265	1	logist	logist	PROPN
fbem-30512	265	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	265	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	265	4	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	265	5	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	265	6	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	265	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	265	8	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	265	9	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	265	10	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	265	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	265	12	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	265	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	266	1	124–134	124–134	NUM
fbem-30512	266	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	266	3	nov	nov	PROPN
fbem-30512	266	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	266	5	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-30512	266	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	266	7	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	266	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	266	9	10.14254	10.14254	NUM
fbem-30512	266	10	/	/	SYM
fbem-30512	266	11	jsdtl.2020.5	jsdtl.2020.5	NOUN
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fbem-30512	288	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	288	21	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	288	22	sahar	sahar	PROPN
fbem-30512	288	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	289	1	afr	afr	PROPN
fbem-30512	289	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	290	1	transp	transp	PROPN
fbem-30512	290	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	1	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	2	program	program	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	3	ssatp	ssatp	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	5	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	7	ssatp	ssatp	PROPN
fbem-30512	291	8	working	working	PROPN
fbem-30512	291	9	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	10	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	291	11	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	291	12	84	84	NUM
fbem-30512	291	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	14	p.	p.	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	15	35	35	NUM
fbem-30512	291	16	pages	page	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	18	may	may	PROPN
fbem-30512	291	19	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-30512	291	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	21	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	22	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	291	23	ssatp	ssatp	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	24	website	website	NOUN
fbem-30512	291	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	292	2	11	11	NUM
fbem-30512	292	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	4	a.	a.	NOUN
fbem-30512	292	5	konstantinus	konstantinus	PROPN
fbem-30512	292	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	292	7	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	292	8	woxenius	woxenius	PROPN
fbem-30512	292	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	10	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	11	case	case	NOUN
fbem-30512	292	12	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	292	13	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	14	coastal	coastal	ADJ
fbem-30512	292	15	shipping	shipping	NOUN
fbem-30512	292	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	292	17	sub	sub	ADJ
fbem-30512	292	18	-	-	ADJ
fbem-30512	292	19	saharan	saharan	ADJ
fbem-30512	292	20	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	292	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	22	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	292	23	case	case	NOUN
fbem-30512	292	24	stud	stud	NOUN
fbem-30512	292	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	293	1	transp	transp	PROPN
fbem-30512	293	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	294	1	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	294	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	294	3	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	294	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	294	5	10	10	NUM
fbem-30512	294	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	294	7	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	294	8	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	294	9	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	294	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	294	11	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	294	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	295	1	2064–2074	2064–2074	NUM
fbem-30512	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	295	3	dec	dec	PROPN
fbem-30512	295	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	295	5	2022	2022	NUM
fbem-30512	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	295	7	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	295	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	295	9	10.1016	10.1016	NUM
fbem-30512	295	10	/	/	SYM
fbem-30512	295	11	j.cstp.2022.09.008	j.cstp.2022.09.008	NOUN
fbem-30512	295	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	296	2	12	12	NUM
fbem-30512	296	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	4	c.	c.	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	5	danladi	danladi	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	7	s.	s.	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	8	tuck	tuck	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	10	p.	p.	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	11	tziogkidis	tziogkidis	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	13	l.	l.	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	14	tang	tang	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	296	17	c.	c.	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	18	okorie	okorie	ADV
fbem-30512	296	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	20	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	21	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	296	24	benchmarking	benchmarking	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	296	26	container	container	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	27	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	28	operating	operate	VERB
fbem-30512	296	29	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	296	30	lower	lower	ADV
fbem-30512	296	31	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	32	middle	middle	ADJ
fbem-30512	296	33	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	34	income	income	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	35	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	36	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	37	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	296	38	dea	dea	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	39	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-30512	296	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	41	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	296	42	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	43	shipp	shipp	PROPN
fbem-30512	296	44	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	1	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	297	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	3	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	297	4	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	297	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	7	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	297	8	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	297	9	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	297	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	11	p.	p.	NOUN
fbem-30512	297	12	7	7	NUM
fbem-30512	297	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	14	mar	mar	PROPN
fbem-30512	297	15	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	297	16	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	297	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	18	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	297	19	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	20	10.1186	10.1186	NUM
fbem-30512	297	21	/	/	SYM
fbem-30512	297	22	s41072	s41072	NOUN
fbem-30512	297	23	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	24	024	024	NUM
fbem-30512	297	25	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	297	26	00163	00163	NUM
fbem-30512	297	27	-	-	SYM
fbem-30512	297	28	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	297	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	298	2	13	13	NUM
fbem-30512	298	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	4	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	5	bienvenue	bienvenue	X
fbem-30512	298	6	sur	sur	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	7	port	port	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	8	autonome	autonome	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	9	d’abidjan	d’abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	10	|	|	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	11	port	port	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	12	autonome	autonome	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	13	d’abidjan	d’abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	15	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	16	accessed	access	VERB
fbem-30512	298	17	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	18	mar	mar	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	19	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	298	20	13	13	NUM
fbem-30512	298	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	298	22	2025	2025	NUM
fbem-30512	298	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	299	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	299	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	299	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	300	1	available	available	ADJ
fbem-30512	300	2	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	301	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	301	2	14	14	NUM
fbem-30512	301	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	301	4	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	301	5	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	301	6	autonome	autonome	PROPN
fbem-30512	301	7	de	de	PROPN
fbem-30512	301	8	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	301	9	togo	togo	PROPN
fbem-30512	301	10	 	 	SPACE
fbem-30512	301	11	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	302	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	302	2	vidéo	vidéo	X
fbem-30512	302	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	302	4	du	du	PROPN
fbem-30512	302	5	port	port	PROPN
fbem-30512	302	6	de	de	X
fbem-30512	302	7	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	302	8	ouvert	ouvert	PROPN
fbem-30512	302	9	24h/24	24h/24	NUM
fbem-30512	302	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	302	11	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	302	12	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	302	13	autonome	autonome	PROPN
fbem-30512	302	14	de	de	X
fbem-30512	302	15	lomé	lomé	PROPN
fbem-30512	302	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	303	1	accessed	access	VERB
fbem-30512	303	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	303	3	mar	mar	PROPN
fbem-30512	303	4	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	303	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	303	7	2025	2025	NUM
fbem-30512	303	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	304	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	304	2	online	online	X
fbem-30512	304	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	304	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	305	1	available	available	ADJ
fbem-30512	305	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	305	3	https://www.togo-port.net/	https://www.togo-port.net/	X
fbem-30512	306	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	306	2	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	306	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	306	4	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	306	5	ghana	ghana	PROPN
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fbem-30512	306	7	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-30512	306	8	harbours	harbours	PROPN
fbem-30512	306	9	authority	authority	PROPN
fbem-30512	306	10	 	 	SPACE
fbem-30512	306	11	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	306	12	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	306	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	306	15	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	307	1	accessed	access	VERB
fbem-30512	307	2	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	307	4	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	308	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	308	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	308	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	309	1	available	available	ADJ
fbem-30512	309	2	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	310	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	310	3	]	]	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	310	9	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	310	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	311	1	accessed	access	VERB
fbem-30512	311	2	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	311	4	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	312	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	312	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	312	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	313	1	available	available	ADJ
fbem-30512	313	2	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	315	4	yang	yang	PROPN
fbem-30512	315	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	315	6	t.	t.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	315	9	a.	a.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	316	8	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	316	12	-	-	ADJ
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fbem-30512	316	20	performance	performance	NOUN
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fbem-30512	316	23	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	320	1	rev	rev	PROPN
fbem-30512	320	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	320	3	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	320	5	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	320	9	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	321	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	321	3	jul	jul	PROPN
fbem-30512	321	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	321	5	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-30512	321	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	321	7	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	321	8	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	321	10	/	/	SYM
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fbem-30512	321	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	322	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	322	2	18	18	NUM
fbem-30512	322	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	322	4	anhui	anhui	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	5	university	university	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	322	7	science	science	NOUN
fbem-30512	322	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	322	9	technology	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	322	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	322	11	huainan232001	huainan232001	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	322	13	china	china	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	322	15	g.	g.	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	16	boakye	boakye	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	322	18	y.	y.	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	19	li	li	PROPN
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fbem-30512	322	21	and	and	CCONJ
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fbem-30512	322	25	“	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	322	30	of	of	ADP
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fbem-30512	322	32	performance	performance	NOUN
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fbem-30512	322	34	productivity	productivity	NOUN
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fbem-30512	322	39	analysis	analysis	NOUN
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fbem-30512	322	43	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	44	sub	sub	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	45	-	-	NOUN
fbem-30512	322	46	region	region	NOUN
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fbem-30512	322	48	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	322	52	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	322	53	technol	technol	PROPN
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fbem-30512	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	323	4	.	.	NOUN
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fbem-30512	323	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	324	1	3396–3406	3396–3406	NUM
fbem-30512	324	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	324	6	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	324	12	/	/	SYM
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fbem-30512	324	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	325	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	325	3	]	]	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	325	8	h.	h.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	325	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
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fbem-30512	325	18	benchmark	benchmark	ADJ
fbem-30512	325	19	logistic	logistic	ADJ
fbem-30512	325	20	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-30512	325	21	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	325	22	belgian	belgian	ADJ
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fbem-30512	325	25	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	325	30	conference	conference	NOUN
fbem-30512	325	31	on	on	ADP
fbem-30512	325	32	computers	computer	NOUN
fbem-30512	325	33	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-30512	325	34	industrial	industrial	ADJ
fbem-30512	325	35	engineering	engineering	NOUN
fbem-30512	325	36	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	325	37	troyes	troye	NOUN
fbem-30512	325	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	325	39	france	france	PROPN
fbem-30512	325	40	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	325	41	ieee	ieee	PROPN
fbem-30512	325	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	325	43	jul	jul	PROPN
fbem-30512	325	44	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	325	45	2009	2009	NUM
fbem-30512	325	46	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	325	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	326	1	431–436	431–436	NUM
fbem-30512	326	2	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	327	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	328	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	328	2	20	20	NUM
fbem-30512	328	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	328	4	h.	h.	PROPN
fbem-30512	328	5	didehkhani	didehkhani	PROPN
fbem-30512	328	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	328	7	f.	f.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	328	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	328	21	dea	dea	NOUN
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fbem-30512	328	23	artificial	artificial	ADJ
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fbem-30512	328	25	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	328	27	j.	j.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	328	29	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	329	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	330	1	int	int	PROPN
fbem-30512	330	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	331	1	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	331	3	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	332	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	332	6	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	332	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	333	1	293–301	293–301	NUM
fbem-30512	333	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	333	4	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	333	6	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	333	8	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	333	10	/	/	SYM
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fbem-30512	333	14	-	-	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	333	16	-	-	SYM
fbem-30512	333	17	7	7	NUM
fbem-30512	333	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	334	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	334	7	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	334	10	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	334	12	j.	j.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	334	14	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	334	21	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	334	28	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	335	5	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	335	7	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	335	9	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	337	1	j.	j.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	337	4	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	339	1	transp	transp	PROPN
fbem-30512	339	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	340	1	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	340	3	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	341	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	342	4	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	342	6	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	343	12	a.	a.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	343	19	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	343	22	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	345	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	346	1	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	348	1	479–498	479–498	NUM
fbem-30512	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	352	22	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	354	1	res	res	PROPN
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fbem-30512	354	3	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	355	6	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	355	8	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	355	10	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	356	12	-	-	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	356	18	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	366	1	bus	bus	PROPN
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fbem-30512	367	1	manag	manag	PROPN
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fbem-30512	369	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	397	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	397	4	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	406	2	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	421	25	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	421	26	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	421	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	421	28	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	421	29	marit	marit	PROPN
fbem-30512	421	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	422	1	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	422	2	manag	manag	PROPN
fbem-30512	422	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	422	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	422	5	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	422	6	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	423	1	51	51	NUM
fbem-30512	423	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	423	3	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	423	4	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	423	5	3	3	NUM
fbem-30512	423	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	423	7	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	423	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	424	1	420–441	420–441	NUM
fbem-30512	424	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	424	3	apr	apr	PROPN
fbem-30512	424	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	424	5	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	424	6	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	424	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	424	9	10.1080/03088839.2022.2135178	10.1080/03088839.2022.2135178	NUM
fbem-30512	424	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	425	2	42	42	NUM
fbem-30512	425	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	4	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	5	gesami	gesami	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	7	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	8	maritime	maritime	ADJ
fbem-30512	425	9	security	security	NOUN
fbem-30512	425	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	425	11	africa	africa	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	12	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	13	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	425	14	african	african	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	15	union	union	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	16	’s	’s	PART
fbem-30512	425	17	challenge	challenge	NOUN
fbem-30512	425	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	425	19	implementing	implement	VERB
fbem-30512	425	20	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	425	21	2050	2050	NUM
fbem-30512	425	22	aim	aim	NOUN
fbem-30512	425	23	strategy	strategy	NOUN
fbem-30512	425	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	25	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	425	26	ssrn	ssrn	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	27	electron	electron	PROPN
fbem-30512	425	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	426	1	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	426	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	426	3	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	426	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	426	5	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	426	6	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	426	7	10.2139	10.2139	NUM
fbem-30512	426	8	/	/	SYM
fbem-30512	426	9	ssrn.3925071	ssrn.3925071	PROPN
fbem-30512	426	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	427	2	43	43	NUM
fbem-30512	427	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	427	4	d.	d.	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	5	c.	c.	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	6	ferreira	ferreira	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	8	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	9	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	10	figueira	figueira	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	12	s.	s.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	427	16	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-30512	427	17	c.	c.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	427	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	20	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	21	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	22	envelopment	envelopment	ADJ
fbem-30512	427	23	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	24	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	25	with	with	ADP
fbem-30512	427	26	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
fbem-30512	427	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	427	29	input	input	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	427	31	output	output	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	32	values	value	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	33	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	34	an	an	DET
fbem-30512	427	35	application	application	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	36	to	to	ADP
fbem-30512	427	37	portuguese	portuguese	ADJ
fbem-30512	427	38	public	public	ADJ
fbem-30512	427	39	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	41	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	427	42	expert	expert	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	43	syst	syst	NOUN
fbem-30512	427	44	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	428	1	appl	appl	PROPN
fbem-30512	428	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	428	3	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	428	5	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	428	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	428	8	p.	p.	NOUN
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fbem-30512	428	10	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	428	14	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	428	16	:	:	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	428	20	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	429	2	44	44	NUM
fbem-30512	429	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	429	4	k.	k.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	429	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	429	7	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-30512	429	8	shibasaki	shibasaki	PROPN
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fbem-30512	429	10	t.	t.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	429	14	t.	t.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	429	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	429	17	“	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	429	20	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	429	21	simulation	simulation	NOUN
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fbem-30512	429	25	intermodal	intermodal	ADJ
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fbem-30512	429	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	429	28	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	429	29	transp	transp	PROPN
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fbem-30512	430	2	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	431	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	432	1	perspect	perspect	VERB
fbem-30512	432	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	433	1	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	433	3	.	.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	433	5	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	433	8	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	434	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	434	2	45	45	NUM
fbem-30512	434	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	434	4	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	434	5	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-30512	434	6	tetteh	tetteh	PROPN
fbem-30512	434	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	434	8	h.	h.	PROPN
fbem-30512	434	9	l.	l.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	434	17	“	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	434	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	434	27	china	china	PROPN
fbem-30512	434	28	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	434	29	five	five	NUM
fbem-30512	434	30	west	west	ADJ
fbem-30512	434	31	african	african	ADJ
fbem-30512	434	32	countries	country	NOUN
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fbem-30512	434	35	efficiencies	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	434	36	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	434	37	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	434	38	int	int	NOUN
fbem-30512	434	39	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	435	1	j.	j.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	435	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	436	1	res	res	PROPN
fbem-30512	436	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	437	1	afr	afr	PROPN
fbem-30512	437	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	437	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	437	4	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	437	5	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	438	1	22	22	NUM
fbem-30512	438	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	438	3	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	438	4	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	439	2	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	439	6	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	439	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	440	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	440	9	“	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	440	13	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
fbem-30512	440	14	development	development	NOUN
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fbem-30512	440	16	intra	intra	ADJ
fbem-30512	440	17	-	-	ADJ
fbem-30512	440	18	regional	regional	ADJ
fbem-30512	440	19	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	440	20	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	440	21	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	440	22	case	case	NOUN
fbem-30512	440	23	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	440	24	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	440	25	economic	economic	ADJ
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fbem-30512	440	30	states	state	NOUN
fbem-30512	440	31	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-30512	440	32	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
fbem-30512	440	33	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-30512	440	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	440	35	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	441	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	441	2	47	47	NUM
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fbem-30512	441	21	measurement	measurement	NOUN
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fbem-30512	441	24	commercial	commercial	ADJ
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fbem-30512	441	26	using	use	VERB
fbem-30512	441	27	data	datum	NOUN
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fbem-30512	441	30	(	(	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	442	1	sci	sci	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	6	debrah	debrah	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	8	o.	o.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	12	f.	f.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	18	nyuur	nyuur	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	20	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	444	21	the	the	DET
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fbem-30512	444	23	continental	continental	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	25	trade	trade	PROPN
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fbem-30512	444	27	(	(	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	444	29	):	):	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	444	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	445	1	manag	manag	PROPN
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fbem-30512	445	14	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	446	6	onyanabo	onyanabo	PROPN
fbem-30512	446	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	8	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	9	ai	ai	ADJ
fbem-30512	446	10	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	11	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-30512	446	12	transportation	transportation	NOUN
fbem-30512	446	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	446	14	lagos	lagos	NOUN
fbem-30512	446	15	state	state	NOUN
fbem-30512	446	16	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	17	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	446	18	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	446	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	20	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-30512	446	21	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-30512	446	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	446	24	optimizing	optimize	VERB
fbem-30512	446	25	mobility	mobility	NOUN
fbem-30512	446	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	27	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	446	28	feb	feb	PROPN
fbem-30512	446	29	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	446	30	2025	2025	NUM
fbem-30512	446	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	447	2	50	50	NUM
fbem-30512	447	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	4	anwuli	anwuli	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	5	nkemchor	nkemchor	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	6	obiki	obiki	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	8	osafiele	osafiele	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	10	christianah	christianah	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	11	pelumi	pelumi	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	12	efunniyi	efunniyi	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	14	angela	angela	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	15	omozele	omozele	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	16	abhulimen	abhulimen	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	18	olajide	olajide	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	19	soji	soji	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	20	osundare	osundare	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	22	edith	edith	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	23	ebele	ebele	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	24	agu	agu	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	447	27	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
fbem-30512	447	28	adedeji	adedeji	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	29	adeniran	adeniran	VERB
fbem-30512	447	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	31	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	32	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
fbem-30512	447	33	models	model	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	34	for	for	ADP
fbem-30512	447	35	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-30512	447	36	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	447	37	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	38	through	through	ADP
fbem-30512	447	39	technology	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	40	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	447	41	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
fbem-30512	447	42	businesses	business	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	44	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	447	45	int	int	NOUN
fbem-30512	447	46	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	448	1	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	448	2	appl	appl	PROPN
fbem-30512	448	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	449	1	res	res	PROPN
fbem-30512	449	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	449	3	soc	soc	PROPN
fbem-30512	449	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	450	1	sci	sci	PROPN
fbem-30512	450	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	450	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	450	4	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	450	5	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	450	6	6	6	NUM
fbem-30512	450	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	450	8	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	450	9	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	450	10	8	8	NUM
fbem-30512	450	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	450	12	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	450	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	451	1	1969–1989	1969–1989	NUM
fbem-30512	451	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	451	3	aug	aug	PROPN
fbem-30512	451	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	451	5	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	451	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	451	7	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	451	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	451	9	10.51594	10.51594	NUM
fbem-30512	451	10	/	/	SYM
fbem-30512	451	11	ijarss.v6i8.1478	ijarss.v6i8.1478	X
fbem-30512	451	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	452	2	51	51	NUM
fbem-30512	452	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	4	s.	s.	PROPN
fbem-30512	452	5	raga	raga	PROPN
fbem-30512	452	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	452	7	d.	d.	PROPN
fbem-30512	452	8	abudu	abudu	PROPN
fbem-30512	452	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	10	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	11	côte	côte	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	12	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	13	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	14	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
fbem-30512	452	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	452	16	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	17	profile	profile	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	19	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	20	odi	odi	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	21	–	–	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	22	giz	giz	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	23	afcfta	afcfta	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	24	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-30512	452	25	pap	pap	PROPN
fbem-30512	452	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	452	27	ser	ser	PROPN
fbem-30512	452	28	..	..	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	453	2	52	52	NUM
fbem-30512	453	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	4	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	5	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	6	kouakou	kouakou	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	8	n.	n.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	9	l.	l.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	10	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	11	kouassi	kouassi	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	13	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	14	k.	k.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	15	kouassi	kouassi	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	17	a.	a.	NOUN
fbem-30512	453	18	trokourey	trokourey	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	20	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	21	k.	k.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	22	yao	yao	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	453	25	k.	k.	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	26	adouby	adouby	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	28	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	29	lead	lead	VERB
fbem-30512	453	30	concentrations	concentration	NOUN
fbem-30512	453	31	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	453	32	sediments	sediment	NOUN
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fbem-30512	453	34	mollusc	mollusc	NOUN
fbem-30512	453	35	gastropod	gastropod	NOUN
fbem-30512	453	36	from	from	ADP
fbem-30512	453	37	vridi	vridi	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	38	canal	canal	PROPN
fbem-30512	453	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	40	côte	côte	PROPN
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fbem-30512	453	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	43	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	453	44	int	int	NOUN
fbem-30512	453	45	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	454	1	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	454	2	biol	biol	PROPN
fbem-30512	454	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	455	1	chem	chem	PROPN
fbem-30512	455	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	456	1	sci	sci	PROPN
fbem-30512	456	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	456	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	456	4	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	456	5	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	456	6	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	456	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	456	8	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	456	9	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	456	10	1	1	NUM
fbem-30512	456	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	456	12	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	456	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	457	1	293–305	293–305	NUM
fbem-30512	457	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	457	3	apr	apr	PROPN
fbem-30512	457	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	457	5	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	457	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	457	7	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	457	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	457	9	10.4314	10.4314	NUM
fbem-30512	457	10	/	/	SYM
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fbem-30512	457	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	458	2	53	53	NUM
fbem-30512	458	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	4	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	458	5	gambino	gambino	PROPN
fbem-30512	458	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	458	7	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-30512	458	8	reboredo	reboredo	PROPN
fbem-30512	458	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	10	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	13	time	time	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	458	15	labour	labour	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	16	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	17	movement	movement	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	458	19	suspension	suspension	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	20	along	along	ADP
fbem-30512	458	21	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	458	22	abidjan	abidjan	PROPN
fbem-30512	458	23	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	24	lagos	lagos	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	25	corridor	corridor	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	27	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	458	28	territ	territ	NOUN
fbem-30512	458	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	459	1	polit	polit	PROPN
fbem-30512	459	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	460	1	gov	gov	PROPN
fbem-30512	460	2	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	460	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	460	4	pp	pp	PROPN
fbem-30512	460	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	461	1	1–21	1–21	PROPN
fbem-30512	461	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	461	3	jun	jun	PROPN
fbem-30512	461	4	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	461	5	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	461	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	461	7	doi	doi	NOUN
fbem-30512	461	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	461	9	10.1080/21622671.2024.2357574	10.1080/21622671.2024.2357574	NUM
fbem-30512	461	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	462	2	54	54	NUM
fbem-30512	462	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	462	4	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	5	nyarko	nyarko	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	7	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	8	fletcher	fletcher	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	10	s.	s.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	11	addo	addo	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	13	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	14	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	15	k.	k.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	16	foli	foli	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	462	19	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	20	mahu	mahu	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	22	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	23	geochemical	geochemical	ADJ
fbem-30512	462	24	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	462	26	heavy	heavy	ADJ
fbem-30512	462	27	metals	metal	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	28	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	462	29	surface	surface	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	30	sediments	sediment	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	31	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	32	a	a	DET
fbem-30512	462	33	case	case	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	34	study	study	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	35	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	462	36	the	the	DET
fbem-30512	462	37	tema	tema	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	38	port	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	40	ghana	ghana	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	42	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	43	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	462	44	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	462	45	4	4	NUM
fbem-30512	462	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	462	47	pp	pp	ADJ
fbem-30512	462	48	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	462	50	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	463	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	463	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	463	4	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	463	5	owen	owen	PROPN
fbem-30512	463	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	463	7	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	463	8	eniola	eniola	PROPN
fbem-30512	463	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	463	10	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	463	11	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-30512	463	12	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	13	into	into	ADP
fbem-30512	463	14	cargo	cargo	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	15	dwell	dwell	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	16	time	time	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	17	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	463	18	assessing	assess	VERB
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fbem-30512	463	20	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	463	22	operational	operational	ADJ
fbem-30512	463	23	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-30512	463	25	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
fbem-30512	463	26	ports	port	NOUN
fbem-30512	463	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	463	28	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	463	31	2025	2025	NUM
fbem-30512	463	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	464	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	464	2	56	56	NUM
fbem-30512	464	3	]	]	X
fbem-30512	464	4	i.	i.	NOUN
fbem-30512	464	5	amuka	amuka	PROPN
fbem-30512	464	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	464	7	p.	p.	PROPN
fbem-30512	464	8	c.	c.	PROPN
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fbem-30512	464	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	464	11	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	464	12	maritime	maritime	ADJ
fbem-30512	464	13	sector	sector	NOUN
fbem-30512	464	14	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	464	15	key	key	ADJ
fbem-30512	464	16	driver	driver	NOUN
fbem-30512	464	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-30512	464	18	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-30512	464	19	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-30512	464	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-30512	464	21	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
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fbem-30512	464	23	in	in	ADP
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fbem-30512	464	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	464	26	”	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	464	27	eur	eur	PROPN
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fbem-30512	464	29	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-30512	464	30	hum	hum	PROPN
fbem-30512	464	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	465	1	resour	resour	PROPN
fbem-30512	465	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	466	1	manag	manag	PROPN
fbem-30512	466	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	466	3	stud	stud	PROPN
fbem-30512	466	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	467	1	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	467	2	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-30512	467	3	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	468	1	5	5	NUM
fbem-30512	468	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	468	3	no	no	INTJ
fbem-30512	468	4	.	.	NOUN
fbem-30512	468	5	2	2	NUM
fbem-30512	468	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	468	7	jun	jun	PROPN
fbem-30512	468	8	.	.	PROPN
fbem-30512	468	9	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-30512	468	10	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	468	12	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-30512	468	13	10.46827	10.46827	NUM
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fbem-30512	468	15	ejhrms.v5i2.1077	ejhrms.v5i2.1077	X
fbem-30512	468	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	469	1	[	[	X
fbem-30512	469	2	57	57	NUM
fbem-30512	469	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-30512	469	4	t.	t.	PROPN
fbem-30512	469	5	e.	e.	PROPN
fbem-30512	469	6	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-30512	469	7	pale	pale	PROPN
fbem-30512	469	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	469	9	“	"	PUNCT
fbem-30512	469	10	communication	communication	NOUN
fbem-30512	469	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	469	12	technologies	technology	NOUN
fbem-30512	469	13	et	et	NOUN
fbem-30512	469	14	développement	développement	NOUN
fbem-30512	469	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	469	16	15	15	NUM
fbem-30512	469	17	|	|	NOUN
fbem-30512	469	18	2024	2024	NUM
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fbem-30512	469	20	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	469	24	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	470	2	en	en	ADP
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fbem-30512	472	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-30512	472	9	2024	2024	NUM
fbem-30512	472	10	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	479	32	”	"	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	480	3	,	,	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	481	1	[	[	X
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fbem-30512	481	6	harcourt	harcourt	PROPN
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fbem-30512	483	2	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	484	2	.	.	PUNCT
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fbem-30512	485	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-30512	486	1	,	,	PUNCT
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