id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
fbem-31708	1	1	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	2	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	1	3	business	business	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	1	7	management	management	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	8	issn	issn	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	9	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	10	2766	2766	NUM
fbem-31708	1	11	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	12	824x	824x	NUM
fbem-31708	1	13	|	|	ADJ
fbem-31708	1	14	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	15	.	.	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	16	20	20	NUM
fbem-31708	1	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	18	no	no	INTJ
fbem-31708	1	19	.	.	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	20	3	3	NUM
fbem-31708	1	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	22	2025	2025	NUM
fbem-31708	1	23	79	79	NUM
fbem-31708	1	24	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	1	25	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	26	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	1	28	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	29	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	30	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	31	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	32	implications	implication	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	33	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	1	34	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	35	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	36	hanzhang	hanzhang	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	37	yang	yang	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	38	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	39	pudong	pudong	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	40	vanke	vanke	VERB
fbem-31708	1	41	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	1	42	school	school	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	44	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	46	200130	200130	NUM
fbem-31708	1	47	china	china	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	48	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	49	corresponding	correspond	VERB
fbem-31708	1	50	author	author	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	51	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	52	hanzhang	hanzhang	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	53	yang	yang	PROPN
fbem-31708	1	54	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	55	email	email	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	56	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	57	admin@csf.ac.cn	admin@csf.ac.cn	ADJ
fbem-31708	1	58	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	59	abstract	abstract	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	60	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	61	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	1	62	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	63	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	64	has	have	AUX
fbem-31708	1	65	grown	grow	VERB
fbem-31708	1	66	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
fbem-31708	1	67	globally	globally	ADV
fbem-31708	1	68	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	1	69	transforming	transform	VERB
fbem-31708	1	70	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	71	patterns	pattern	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	72	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	1	73	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	74	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	75	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
fbem-31708	1	76	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	2	1	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	2	2	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	3	analyzes	analyze	VERB
fbem-31708	2	4	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	2	5	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
fbem-31708	2	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	7	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	2	8	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	2	9	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	10	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	2	12	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	13	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	14	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	2	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	2	17	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	18	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	19	using	use	VERB
fbem-31708	2	20	literature	literature	PROPN
fbem-31708	2	21	review	review	PROPN
fbem-31708	2	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	2	23	case	case	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	24	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	2	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	2	27	econometric	econometric	ADJ
fbem-31708	2	28	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-31708	2	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	3	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	3	2	explores	explore	VERB
fbem-31708	3	3	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	3	4	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	3	5	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	6	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	7	enhances	enhance	VERB
fbem-31708	3	8	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	9	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	10	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	11	through	through	ADP
fbem-31708	3	12	diversified	diversified	ADJ
fbem-31708	3	13	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	14	relationships	relationship	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	3	16	structural	structural	ADJ
fbem-31708	3	17	changes	change	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	3	19	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	3	20	also	also	ADV
fbem-31708	3	21	examining	examine	VERB
fbem-31708	3	22	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	3	23	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	24	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	25	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	26	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
fbem-31708	3	27	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	28	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	29	development	development	NOUN
fbem-31708	3	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	4	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	3	identifies	identify	VERB
fbem-31708	4	4	key	key	ADJ
fbem-31708	4	5	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	6	determinants	determinant	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	4	8	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	4	9	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	10	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	12	including	include	VERB
fbem-31708	4	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	4	14	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	16	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	18	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	19	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	20	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	21	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	23	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	4	26	new	new	ADJ
fbem-31708	4	27	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	28	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	29	specific	specific	ADJ
fbem-31708	4	30	elements	element	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	31	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	32	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	34	reputation	reputation	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	35	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	36	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	37	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	38	attributes	attribute	NOUN
fbem-31708	4	39	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	4	40	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	1	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	2	highlight	highlight	VERB
fbem-31708	5	3	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-31708	5	4	implications	implication	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	5	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	6	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	7	face	face	VERB
fbem-31708	5	8	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	10	instability	instability	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	11	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	12	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	13	offs	off	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	14	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	15	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	16	need	need	VERB
fbem-31708	5	17	optimized	optimize	VERB
fbem-31708	5	18	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	20	benefit	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	5	22	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	23	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	24	setting	set	VERB
fbem-31708	5	25	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	26	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	5	27	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	28	must	must	AUX
fbem-31708	5	29	address	address	VERB
fbem-31708	5	30	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	31	protection	protection	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	5	33	social	social	ADJ
fbem-31708	5	34	security	security	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	35	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-31708	5	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	6	1	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	6	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	3	enriches	enrich	VERB
fbem-31708	6	4	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	5	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	6	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	6	8	emerging	emerge	VERB
fbem-31708	6	9	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-31708	6	10	models	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	6	12	offers	offer	VERB
fbem-31708	6	13	practical	practical	ADJ
fbem-31708	6	14	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	6	16	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	17	navigating	navigate	VERB
fbem-31708	6	18	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	6	19	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	20	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	21	landscape	landscape	NOUN
fbem-31708	6	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	3	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	4	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	5	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	6	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	7	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	8	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	9	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	10	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	11	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	12	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	13	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	14	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	15	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	16	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	17	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	18	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	7	19	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	20	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-31708	7	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	8	1	1	1	X
fbem-31708	8	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	8	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
fbem-31708	8	4	1.1	1.1	NUM
fbem-31708	8	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	9	1	esearch	esearch	NOUN
fbem-31708	9	2	background	background	NOUN
fbem-31708	9	3	1.1.1	1.1.1	NUM
fbem-31708	9	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	10	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	10	2	emergence	emergence	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	10	4	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	10	6	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	10	7	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	8	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	9	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	10	10	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	11	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	12	has	have	AUX
fbem-31708	10	13	emerged	emerge	VERB
fbem-31708	10	14	as	as	ADP
fbem-31708	10	15	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	10	16	defining	define	VERB
fbem-31708	10	17	feature	feature	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	10	19	modern	modern	ADJ
fbem-31708	10	20	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	21	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	10	23	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-31708	10	24	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	10	25	technological	technological	ADJ
fbem-31708	10	26	innovations	innovation	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	10	28	shifting	shift	VERB
fbem-31708	10	29	societal	societal	ADJ
fbem-31708	10	30	preferences	preference	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	10	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	10	33	evolving	evolve	VERB
fbem-31708	10	34	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-31708	10	35	structures	structure	NOUN
fbem-31708	10	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	11	1	smartphones	smartphone	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	11	3	digital	digital	ADJ
fbem-31708	11	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	5	have	have	AUX
fbem-31708	11	6	created	create	VERB
fbem-31708	11	7	seamless	seamless	ADJ
fbem-31708	11	8	intermediation	intermediation	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	9	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	11	10	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	11	12	clients	client	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	11	14	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	11	15	transaction	transaction	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	16	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	11	18	expanding	expand	VERB
fbem-31708	11	19	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	20	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	21	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	11	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	12	1	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	2	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
fbem-31708	12	3	seek	seek	VERB
fbem-31708	12	4	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	12	6	worklife	worklife	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	7	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	12	9	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	12	10	businesses	business	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	11	leverage	leverage	VERB
fbem-31708	12	12	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	13	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	14	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	12	15	access	access	VERB
fbem-31708	12	16	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	12	17	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	12	18	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	19	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	12	21	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	12	22	fixed	fixed	ADJ
fbem-31708	12	23	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	12	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	13	2	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	13	3	united	united	PROPN
fbem-31708	13	4	states	states	PROPN
fbem-31708	13	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	6	estimates	estimate	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	7	suggest	suggest	VERB
fbem-31708	13	8	10	10	NUM
fbem-31708	13	9	-	-	SYM
fbem-31708	13	10	30	30	NUM
fbem-31708	13	11	%	%	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	13	13	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	13	14	workforce	workforce	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	15	engages	engage	VERB
fbem-31708	13	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	13	17	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	18	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	20	spanning	span	VERB
fbem-31708	13	21	ride	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	22	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	23	hailing	hail	VERB
fbem-31708	13	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	25	uber	uber	ADJ
fbem-31708	13	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	27	lyft	lyft	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	30	food	food	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	31	delivery	delivery	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	32	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	33	doordash	doordash	PROPN
fbem-31708	13	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	35	uber	uber	ADJ
fbem-31708	13	36	eats	eat	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	37	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	39	freelance	freelance	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	40	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	41	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	42	upwork	upwork	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	44	fiverr	fiverr	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	45	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	47	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	13	48	personal	personal	ADJ
fbem-31708	13	49	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	50	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	51	taskrabbit	taskrabbit	NOUN
fbem-31708	13	52	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	13	53	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	14	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	14	2	united	united	PROPN
fbem-31708	14	3	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
fbem-31708	14	4	shows	show	VERB
fbem-31708	14	5	parallel	parallel	ADJ
fbem-31708	14	6	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-31708	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	14	8	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	14	9	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	14	10	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	14	11	expanding	expand	VERB
fbem-31708	14	12	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	14	13	transportation	transportation	NOUN
fbem-31708	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	14	15	creative	creative	ADJ
fbem-31708	14	16	industries	industry	NOUN
fbem-31708	14	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	14	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	14	19	professional	professional	ADJ
fbem-31708	14	20	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	14	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	15	1	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	15	2	expansion	expansion	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
fbem-31708	15	4	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	5	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	6	's	's	PART
fbem-31708	15	7	integration	integration	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	8	into	into	ADP
fbem-31708	15	9	mainstream	mainstream	ADJ
fbem-31708	15	10	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-31708	15	11	activity	activity	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	15	13	challenging	challenge	VERB
fbem-31708	15	14	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	15	15	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	16	paradigms	paradigm	NOUN
fbem-31708	15	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	16	1	1.1.2	1.1.2	X
fbem-31708	16	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	17	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	17	2	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	17	4	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	5	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	6	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	7	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	8	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	9	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	10	is	be	AUX
fbem-31708	17	11	crucial	crucial	ADJ
fbem-31708	17	12	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	17	13	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-31708	17	14	resilience	resilience	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	17	16	enabling	enable	VERB
fbem-31708	17	17	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	18	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	17	19	technological	technological	ADJ
fbem-31708	17	20	change	change	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	17	22	globalization	globalization	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	17	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	17	25	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	26	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
fbem-31708	17	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	18	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	18	2	promotes	promote	VERB
fbem-31708	18	3	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	18	4	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	18	5	allowing	allow	VERB
fbem-31708	18	6	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	18	7	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	18	8	adjust	adjust	VERB
fbem-31708	18	9	workforces	workforce	NOUN
fbem-31708	18	10	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
fbem-31708	18	11	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	18	12	hiring	hire	VERB
fbem-31708	18	13	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	18	14	expansions	expansion	NOUN
fbem-31708	18	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	18	16	avoiding	avoid	VERB
fbem-31708	18	17	excessive	excessive	ADJ
fbem-31708	18	18	layoffs	layoff	NOUN
fbem-31708	18	19	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	18	20	downturns	downturn	NOUN
fbem-31708	18	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	19	1	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	19	2	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	3	enhances	enhance	VERB
fbem-31708	19	4	resource	resource	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	5	allocation	allocation	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	6	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	19	7	matching	match	VERB
fbem-31708	19	8	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	9	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	19	10	roles	role	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	11	aligned	align	VERB
fbem-31708	19	12	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	19	13	their	their	PRON
fbem-31708	19	14	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	19	16	preferences	preference	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	19	18	boosting	boost	VERB
fbem-31708	19	19	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-31708	19	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	20	1	neoclassical	neoclassical	ADJ
fbem-31708	20	2	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	3	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	4	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
fbem-31708	20	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	20	7	achieving	achieve	VERB
fbem-31708	20	8	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	9	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	20	11	minimizing	minimize	VERB
fbem-31708	20	12	shortages	shortage	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	13	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	20	14	surpluses	surplus	NOUN
fbem-31708	20	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	1	practical	practical	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	2	examples	example	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	4	such	such	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-31708	21	6	northern	northern	PROPN
fbem-31708	21	7	europe	europe	PROPN
fbem-31708	21	8	's	's	PART
fbem-31708	21	9	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	10	flexicurity	flexicurity	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	11	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	12	model	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	14	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-31708	21	15	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	21	16	balanced	balanced	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	17	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	18	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	19	combining	combine	VERB
fbem-31708	21	20	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	21	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	22	openness	openness	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	23	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	21	24	social	social	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	25	security	security	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	27	supports	support	VERB
fbem-31708	21	28	low	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	29	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	21	31	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	32	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	33	force	force	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	34	participation	participation	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	21	36	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
fbem-31708	21	37	its	its	PRON
fbem-31708	21	38	role	role	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	39	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	21	40	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	41	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-31708	21	42	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-31708	21	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	22	1	1.1.3	1.1.3	X
fbem-31708	22	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	23	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	23	2	centrality	centrality	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	23	4	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	5	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	6	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	7	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	8	lies	lie	VERB
fbem-31708	23	9	at	at	ADP
fbem-31708	23	10	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	23	11	heart	heart	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	23	13	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	14	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	15	function	function	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	23	17	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-31708	23	18	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	19	welfare	welfare	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	23	21	firm	firm	ADJ
fbem-31708	23	22	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	23	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	23	25	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
fbem-31708	23	26	stability	stability	NOUN
fbem-31708	23	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	24	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	24	2	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	24	4	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	5	determine	determine	VERB
fbem-31708	24	6	living	living	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	7	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	24	9	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	24	11	human	human	ADJ
fbem-31708	24	12	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	24	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	24	15	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-31708	24	16	security	security	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	24	18	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	24	19	adequate	adequate	ADJ
fbem-31708	24	20	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	21	motivating	motivating	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	22	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-31708	24	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	25	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	25	2	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	25	4	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	5	represent	represent	VERB
fbem-31708	25	6	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	25	7	critical	critical	ADJ
fbem-31708	25	8	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	9	component	component	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	10	affecting	affect	VERB
fbem-31708	25	11	profitability	profitability	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	25	13	talent	talent	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	14	retention	retention	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	15	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-31708	25	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	26	1	at	at	ADP
fbem-31708	26	2	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	26	3	macro	macro	ADJ
fbem-31708	26	4	level	level	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	26	6	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	7	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	8	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	9	consumer	consumer	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	10	spending	spending	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	26	12	inflation	inflation	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	26	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	26	15	income	income	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	16	distribution	distribution	NOUN
fbem-31708	26	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	27	1	minimum	minimum	ADJ
fbem-31708	27	2	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	3	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	27	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	27	6	instance	instance	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	27	8	affect	affect	VERB
fbem-31708	27	9	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	10	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	27	12	poverty	poverty	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	13	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	27	15	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	27	16	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	17	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	18	can	can	AUX
fbem-31708	27	19	constrain	constrain	VERB
fbem-31708	27	20	aggregate	aggregate	ADJ
fbem-31708	27	21	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	27	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	28	1	equitable	equitable	ADJ
fbem-31708	28	2	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	28	3	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	28	4	fosters	foster	VERB
fbem-31708	28	5	social	social	ADJ
fbem-31708	28	6	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
fbem-31708	28	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	28	8	making	make	VERB
fbem-31708	28	9	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	28	10	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	28	11	key	key	ADJ
fbem-31708	28	12	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-31708	28	13	concern	concern	NOUN
fbem-31708	28	14	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	28	15	economies	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	28	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	1	1.2	1.2	NUM
fbem-31708	29	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	3	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	4	objectives	objective	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	5	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	29	6	study	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	7	aims	aim	VERB
fbem-31708	29	8	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	29	9	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	11	1	1	X
fbem-31708	29	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	13	analyze	analyze	VERB
fbem-31708	29	14	bidirectional	bidirectional	ADJ
fbem-31708	29	15	interactions	interaction	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	16	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	29	17	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	29	18	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	19	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	29	21	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	22	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	23	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	24	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	25	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	26	2	2	X
fbem-31708	29	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	28	identify	identify	VERB
fbem-31708	29	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	29	30	compare	compare	VERB
fbem-31708	29	31	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	29	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	29	33	new	new	ADJ
fbem-31708	29	34	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	35	determinants	determinant	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	36	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	29	37	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	38	settings	setting	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	39	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	40	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	41	3	3	X
fbem-31708	29	42	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	43	derive	derive	VERB
fbem-31708	29	44	actionable	actionable	ADJ
fbem-31708	29	45	implications	implication	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	46	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	29	47	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	48	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	49	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	50	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	29	51	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	29	52	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	53	regarding	regard	VERB
fbem-31708	29	54	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	55	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	56	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	29	57	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	58	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	59	functioning	function	VERB
fbem-31708	29	60	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	29	61	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	29	62	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	63	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	29	64	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	30	1	1.3	1.3	NUM
fbem-31708	30	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	31	1	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	2	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	3	1.3.1	1.3.1	NUM
fbem-31708	31	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	31	5	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
fbem-31708	31	6	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	7	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	31	8	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	9	advances	advance	VERB
fbem-31708	31	10	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	11	economics	economic	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	12	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	31	13	examining	examine	VERB
fbem-31708	31	14	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	15	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	16	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	31	17	specific	specific	ADJ
fbem-31708	31	18	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	31	20	addressing	address	VERB
fbem-31708	31	21	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	22	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	31	23	understanding	understand	VERB
fbem-31708	31	24	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	31	25	digital	digital	ADJ
fbem-31708	31	26	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	27	reshape	reshape	VERB
fbem-31708	31	28	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	31	30	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	31	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-31708	31	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	32	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	32	2	integrates	integrate	VERB
fbem-31708	32	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	32	4	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	5	theories	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	6	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	32	7	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	8	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	9	realities	reality	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	32	11	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-31708	32	12	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	32	13	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
fbem-31708	32	14	framework	framework	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	32	16	analyzing	analyze	VERB
fbem-31708	32	17	emerging	emerge	VERB
fbem-31708	32	18	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	19	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	32	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	33	1	1.3.2	1.3.2	X
fbem-31708	33	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	33	3	practical	practical	ADJ
fbem-31708	33	4	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	33	6	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	33	8	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	33	9	offers	offer	VERB
fbem-31708	33	10	guidance	guidance	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	11	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	33	12	optimizing	optimize	VERB
fbem-31708	33	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	33	15	navigating	navigate	VERB
fbem-31708	33	16	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	17	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	18	complexities	complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	33	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	34	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	34	2	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	34	4	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	34	5	informs	inform	VERB
fbem-31708	34	6	80	80	NUM
fbem-31708	34	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	8	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	34	9	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-31708	34	10	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	11	workforce	workforce	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	12	management	management	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	34	14	competitive	competitive	ADJ
fbem-31708	34	15	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	16	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	34	17	setting	setting	NOUN
fbem-31708	34	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	35	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	35	2	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	35	4	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	35	5	supports	support	VERB
fbem-31708	35	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	35	8	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	35	9	regulation	regulation	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	10	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	35	11	ensure	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	35	12	fair	fair	ADJ
fbem-31708	35	13	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	35	15	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	16	protections	protection	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	35	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	35	19	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
fbem-31708	35	20	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	21	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	22	development	development	NOUN
fbem-31708	35	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	36	1	1.4	1.4	NUM
fbem-31708	36	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	1	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	2	methodology	methodology	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	3	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	37	4	mixed	mixed	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	5	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	6	method	method	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	7	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	8	is	be	AUX
fbem-31708	37	9	employed	employ	VERB
fbem-31708	37	10	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	12	1	1	X
fbem-31708	37	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	14	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	15	review	review	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	16	synthesizes	synthesize	VERB
fbem-31708	37	17	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	18	frameworks	framework	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	37	20	prior	prior	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	21	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	22	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	37	23	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	24	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	26	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	28	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	37	29	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	30	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	31	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	32	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	33	2	2	X
fbem-31708	37	34	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	35	case	case	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	36	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	37	38	uber	uber	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	39	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	40	ride	ride	VERB
fbem-31708	37	41	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	42	hailing	hailing	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	43	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	44	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	37	45	taskrabbit	taskrabbit	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	46	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	47	freelance	freelance	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	48	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	49	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	50	explore	explore	VERB
fbem-31708	37	51	real	real	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	52	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	53	world	world	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	54	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	55	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	56	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	57	3	3	X
fbem-31708	37	58	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	59	econometric	econometric	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	60	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	61	uses	use	VERB
fbem-31708	37	62	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	63	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	64	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	65	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	66	surveys	survey	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	67	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	68	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	37	69	secondary	secondary	ADJ
fbem-31708	37	70	datasets	dataset	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	71	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	37	72	quantify	quantify	VERB
fbem-31708	37	73	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	74	determinants	determinant	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	75	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	37	76	employing	employ	VERB
fbem-31708	37	77	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	78	models	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	79	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	37	80	test	test	VERB
fbem-31708	37	81	relationships	relationship	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	82	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	37	83	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	37	84	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	38	1	2	2	X
fbem-31708	38	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	38	3	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-31708	38	4	review	review	VERB
fbem-31708	38	5	2.1	2.1	NUM
fbem-31708	38	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	39	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	39	2	concept	concept	NOUN
fbem-31708	39	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	39	4	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
fbem-31708	39	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	39	6	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	39	7	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	39	8	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	39	9	2.1.1	2.1.1	NUM
fbem-31708	39	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	1	definition	definition	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	40	3	scope	scope	VERB
fbem-31708	40	4	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	40	5	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	6	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	7	comprises	comprise	VERB
fbem-31708	40	8	short	short	ADJ
fbem-31708	40	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	10	term	term	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	12	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	13	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	14	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	40	15	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	16	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	17	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-31708	40	18	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	19	perform	perform	VERB
fbem-31708	40	20	discrete	discrete	ADJ
fbem-31708	40	21	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	22	gigs	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	23	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	24	rather	rather	ADV
fbem-31708	40	25	than	than	ADP
fbem-31708	40	26	holding	hold	VERB
fbem-31708	40	27	long	long	ADJ
fbem-31708	40	28	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	40	29	term	term	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	30	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	40	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	41	2	encompasses	encompass	VERB
fbem-31708	41	3	transportation	transportation	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	5	delivery	delivery	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	7	freelance	freelance	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	8	professional	professional	ADJ
fbem-31708	41	9	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	11	writing	writing	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	13	coding	coding	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	15	design	design	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	16	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	41	19	personal	personal	ADJ
fbem-31708	41	20	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	22	handyman	handyman	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	23	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	25	event	event	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	26	staffing	staffing	NOUN
fbem-31708	41	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	41	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	42	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
fbem-31708	42	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	42	3	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	42	5	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	42	6	features	feature	VERB
fbem-31708	42	7	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	8	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	42	9	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	42	10	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	42	12	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	13	intermediation	intermediation	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	42	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	42	16	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-31708	42	17	contractual	contractual	ADJ
fbem-31708	42	18	obligations	obligation	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	42	20	with	with	SCONJ
fbem-31708	42	21	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	22	often	often	ADV
fbem-31708	42	23	classified	classify	VERB
fbem-31708	42	24	as	as	ADP
fbem-31708	42	25	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-31708	42	26	contractors	contractor	NOUN
fbem-31708	42	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	43	1	2.1.2	2.1.2	X
fbem-31708	43	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	43	3	key	key	ADJ
fbem-31708	43	4	features	feature	NOUN
fbem-31708	43	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	43	6	allows	allow	VERB
fbem-31708	43	7	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	43	8	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	43	9	choose	choose	VERB
fbem-31708	43	10	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-31708	43	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	43	12	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-31708	43	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	43	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	43	15	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	43	16	much	much	ADJ
fbem-31708	43	17	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	43	18	work	work	VERB
fbem-31708	43	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	43	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	43	21	clients	client	NOUN
fbem-31708	43	22	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	43	23	access	access	VERB
fbem-31708	43	24	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	43	25	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	43	26	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	43	27	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	43	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	44	1	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
fbem-31708	44	2	empowers	empower	VERB
fbem-31708	44	3	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	44	4	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	44	5	select	select	VERB
fbem-31708	44	6	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	44	7	aligning	align	VERB
fbem-31708	44	8	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	44	9	their	their	PRON
fbem-31708	44	10	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	44	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	44	12	preferences	preference	NOUN
fbem-31708	44	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	1	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	2	dependence	dependence	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	3	means	mean	VERB
fbem-31708	45	4	digital	digital	ADJ
fbem-31708	45	5	intermediaries	intermediary	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	6	manage	manage	VERB
fbem-31708	45	7	matching	matching	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	9	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	45	12	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	13	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	14	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	45	16	example	example	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	18	ride	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	20	hailing	hail	VERB
fbem-31708	45	21	apps	app	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	22	using	use	VERB
fbem-31708	45	23	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	24	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	45	25	assign	assign	VERB
fbem-31708	45	26	rides	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	45	28	calculate	calculate	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	29	fares	fare	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	30	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	45	31	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	45	32	real	real	ADJ
fbem-31708	45	33	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	45	34	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	35	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	45	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	46	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
fbem-31708	46	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	46	3	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	46	4	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	46	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	46	6	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	46	7	concepts	concept	NOUN
fbem-31708	46	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	46	9	metrics	metric	NOUN
fbem-31708	46	10	2.2.1	2.2.1	NUM
fbem-31708	46	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	1	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	2	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	3	includes	include	VERB
fbem-31708	47	4	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	7	ease	ease	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	47	9	hiring	hiring	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	10	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	47	11	firing	firing	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	13	contract	contract	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	14	diversity	diversity	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	17	working	working	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	18	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	19	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	20	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	21	adjustable	adjustable	ADJ
fbem-31708	47	22	schedules	schedule	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	24	part	part	ADJ
fbem-31708	47	25	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	26	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	27	options	option	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	47	31	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	32	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	33	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	34	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	35	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	47	36	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	37	conditions	condition	NOUN
fbem-31708	47	38	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	47	39	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	48	1	additional	additional	ADJ
fbem-31708	48	2	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	3	include	include	VERB
fbem-31708	48	4	functional	functional	ADJ
fbem-31708	48	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	48	7	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	8	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	9	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	48	10	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	48	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	48	13	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	14	mobility	mobility	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	48	16	geographic	geographic	ADJ
fbem-31708	48	17	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	48	18	occupational	occupational	ADJ
fbem-31708	48	19	movement	movement	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	20	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	48	21	jobs	job	NOUN
fbem-31708	48	22	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	48	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	49	1	2.2.2	2.2.2	X
fbem-31708	49	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	49	3	measuring	measure	VERB
fbem-31708	49	4	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	5	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	49	6	oecd	oecd	PROPN
fbem-31708	49	7	's	's	PART
fbem-31708	49	8	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	9	protection	protection	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	10	legislation	legislation	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	49	12	epl	epl	PROPN
fbem-31708	49	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	49	14	index	index	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	15	quantifies	quantifie	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	16	hiring	hire	VERB
fbem-31708	49	17	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	49	18	firing	firing	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	19	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-31708	49	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	50	1	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	2	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	3	is	be	AUX
fbem-31708	50	4	measured	measure	VERB
fbem-31708	50	5	via	via	ADP
fbem-31708	50	6	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	7	curve	curve	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	8	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	50	10	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	50	12	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
fbem-31708	50	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	50	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	51	1	working	work	VERB
fbem-31708	51	2	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	3	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	4	uses	use	VERB
fbem-31708	51	5	part	part	ADJ
fbem-31708	51	6	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	51	7	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	8	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	9	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	51	11	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	51	12	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	13	mobility	mobility	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	14	tracks	track	VERB
fbem-31708	51	15	job	job	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	16	transition	transition	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	17	frequencies	frequency	NOUN
fbem-31708	51	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	52	1	these	these	DET
fbem-31708	52	2	metrics	metric	NOUN
fbem-31708	52	3	enable	enable	VERB
fbem-31708	52	4	cross	cross	NOUN
fbem-31708	52	5	-	-	NOUN
fbem-31708	52	6	country	country	ADJ
fbem-31708	52	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	52	8	temporal	temporal	ADJ
fbem-31708	52	9	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
fbem-31708	52	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	52	11	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-31708	52	12	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-31708	52	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	52	14	capturing	capture	VERB
fbem-31708	52	15	informal	informal	ADJ
fbem-31708	52	16	practices	practice	NOUN
fbem-31708	52	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	53	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
fbem-31708	53	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	53	3	theories	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	53	5	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	6	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	7	2.3.1	2.3.1	NUM
fbem-31708	53	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	53	9	neoclassical	neoclassical	ADJ
fbem-31708	53	10	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	11	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	12	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	13	equilibrate	equilibrate	VERB
fbem-31708	53	14	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	15	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	53	17	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	53	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	54	1	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	2	hire	hire	VERB
fbem-31708	54	3	until	until	SCONJ
fbem-31708	54	4	marginal	marginal	ADJ
fbem-31708	54	5	revenue	revenue	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	6	product	product	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	7	equals	equal	VERB
fbem-31708	54	8	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	9	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	54	10	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	11	supply	supply	VERB
fbem-31708	54	12	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	13	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	54	14	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	54	15	income	income	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	16	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	54	17	leisure	leisure	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	18	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	54	20	offs	off	NOUN
fbem-31708	54	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	55	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	55	2	tech	tech	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	3	sectors	sector	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	4	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	55	5	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	55	6	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	7	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	55	8	software	software	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	9	engineers	engineer	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	55	11	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	12	rise	rise	VERB
fbem-31708	55	13	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	55	14	attract	attract	VERB
fbem-31708	55	15	scarce	scarce	ADJ
fbem-31708	55	16	talent	talent	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	55	18	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	55	19	low	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	55	20	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	55	21	skill	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	22	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	23	surpluses	surplus	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	24	may	may	AUX
fbem-31708	55	25	depress	depress	VERB
fbem-31708	55	26	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	55	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	56	1	2.3.2	2.3.2	NUM
fbem-31708	56	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	56	3	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	4	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	5	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	6	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	7	pay	pay	VERB
fbem-31708	56	8	above	above	ADP
fbem-31708	56	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	56	10	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	11	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	12	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	56	13	attract	attract	VERB
fbem-31708	56	14	talent	talent	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	56	16	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	56	17	turnover	turnover	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	56	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	56	20	motivate	motivate	ADJ
fbem-31708	56	21	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-31708	56	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	57	1	costco	costco	PROPN
fbem-31708	57	2	’s	’s	PART
fbem-31708	57	3	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	57	4	retail	retail	ADJ
fbem-31708	57	5	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	57	7	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	57	8	example	example	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	57	10	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	57	11	turnover	turnover	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	12	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	57	14	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-31708	57	15	customer	customer	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	16	service	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	57	18	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
fbem-31708	57	19	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	57	20	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	21	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	22	benefit	benefit	VERB
fbem-31708	57	23	both	both	DET
fbem-31708	57	24	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	57	26	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	57	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	58	1	2.3.3	2.3.3	X
fbem-31708	58	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	58	3	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	4	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	58	6	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	7	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	8	result	result	VERB
fbem-31708	58	9	from	from	ADP
fbem-31708	58	10	negotiation	negotiation	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	11	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	58	12	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	58	14	employers	employer	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	58	16	with	with	SCONJ
fbem-31708	58	17	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	18	depends	depend	VERB
fbem-31708	58	19	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	58	20	relative	relative	ADJ
fbem-31708	58	21	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	22	power	power	NOUN
fbem-31708	58	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	59	1	unionized	unionize	VERB
fbem-31708	59	2	sectors	sector	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	3	often	often	ADV
fbem-31708	59	4	secure	secure	VERB
fbem-31708	59	5	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	59	6	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	59	8	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	59	9	low	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	59	10	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	59	11	skill	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	12	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	13	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	59	14	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-31708	59	15	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	16	face	face	VERB
fbem-31708	59	17	weaker	weak	ADJ
fbem-31708	59	18	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	19	positions	position	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	59	21	leading	lead	VERB
fbem-31708	59	22	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	59	23	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	59	24	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-31708	59	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	60	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
fbem-31708	60	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	61	1	previous	previous	ADJ
fbem-31708	61	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	61	3	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	61	4	highlight	highlight	VERB
fbem-31708	61	5	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	61	6	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	61	7	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	61	8	’s	’s	PART
fbem-31708	61	9	role	role	NOUN
fbem-31708	61	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	61	11	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-31708	61	12	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	61	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	61	14	katz	katz	PROPN
fbem-31708	61	15	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	61	16	krueger	krueger	PROPN
fbem-31708	61	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	61	18	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-31708	61	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	62	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	62	2	3	3	X
fbem-31708	62	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	62	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	62	5	identify	identify	VERB
fbem-31708	62	6	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	62	7	determinants	determinant	NOUN
fbem-31708	62	8	including	include	VERB
fbem-31708	62	9	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	62	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	62	11	wood	wood	NOUN
fbem-31708	62	12	et	et	NOUN
fbem-31708	62	13	al	al	PROPN
fbem-31708	62	14	.	.	PROPN
fbem-31708	62	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	62	16	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-31708	62	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	63	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	63	2	6	6	NUM
fbem-31708	63	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	63	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	63	5	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	63	6	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	63	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	63	8	rosenblat	rosenblat	NOUN
fbem-31708	63	9	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	63	10	stark	stark	PROPN
fbem-31708	63	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	63	12	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-31708	63	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	64	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	64	2	4	4	NUM
fbem-31708	64	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	64	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	65	1	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	65	2	notes	note	VERB
fbem-31708	65	3	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	65	4	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	65	5	’s	’s	PART
fbem-31708	65	6	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-31708	65	7	nature	nature	NOUN
fbem-31708	65	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	65	9	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-31708	65	10	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-31708	65	11	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	65	12	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
fbem-31708	65	13	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	65	14	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	65	15	graham	graham	PROPN
fbem-31708	65	16	et	et	PROPN
fbem-31708	65	17	al	al	PROPN
fbem-31708	65	18	.	.	PROPN
fbem-31708	65	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	65	20	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-31708	65	21	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	66	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	66	2	2	2	X
fbem-31708	66	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	66	4	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	66	5	potentially	potentially	ADV
fbem-31708	66	6	depressing	depressing	ADJ
fbem-31708	66	7	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	66	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	66	9	saturated	saturated	ADJ
fbem-31708	66	10	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	66	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	66	12	farrell	farrell	PROPN
fbem-31708	66	13	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	66	14	greig	greig	PROPN
fbem-31708	66	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	66	16	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-31708	66	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	67	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	67	2	1	1	NUM
fbem-31708	67	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	67	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	68	1	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	2	include	include	VERB
fbem-31708	68	3	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	4	cross	cross	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	5	-	-	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	6	platform	platform	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	7	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	68	9	classification	classification	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	10	ambiguities	ambiguity	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	68	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	68	13	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	14	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	16	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	68	17	issues	issue	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	18	that	that	PRON
fbem-31708	68	19	mirror	mirror	VERB
fbem-31708	68	20	broader	broad	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	21	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	22	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	68	23	studying	study	VERB
fbem-31708	68	24	emerging	emerge	VERB
fbem-31708	68	25	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-31708	68	26	structures	structure	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	27	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	68	28	alexander	alexander	NOUN
fbem-31708	68	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	68	30	2010	2010	NUM
fbem-31708	68	31	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	69	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	69	2	8	8	NUM
fbem-31708	69	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	69	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	69	5	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-31708	69	6	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	69	7	frameworks	framework	NOUN
fbem-31708	69	8	often	often	ADV
fbem-31708	69	9	fail	fail	VERB
fbem-31708	69	10	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	69	11	capture	capture	VERB
fbem-31708	69	12	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
fbem-31708	69	13	power	power	NOUN
fbem-31708	69	14	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
fbem-31708	69	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	70	1	3	3	X
fbem-31708	70	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	70	3	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	70	4	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	70	5	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	70	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	70	7	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	70	8	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	70	9	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	70	10	3.1	3.1	NUM
fbem-31708	70	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	71	1	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	71	2	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-31708	71	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	71	4	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	71	5	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	71	6	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	71	7	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	71	8	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	71	9	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	71	10	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	71	11	3.1.1	3.1.1	NUM
fbem-31708	71	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	72	1	enhanced	enhance	VERB
fbem-31708	72	2	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	3	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	4	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	72	5	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	6	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	7	breaks	break	VERB
fbem-31708	72	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	72	9	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	10	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	72	12	enabling	enable	VERB
fbem-31708	72	13	short	short	ADJ
fbem-31708	72	14	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	72	15	term	term	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	72	17	multi	multi	ADJ
fbem-31708	72	18	-	-	ADJ
fbem-31708	72	19	employer	employer	ADJ
fbem-31708	72	20	engagements	engagement	NOUN
fbem-31708	72	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	73	1	ride	ride	VERB
fbem-31708	73	2	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	73	3	hailing	hail	VERB
fbem-31708	73	4	drivers	driver	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	5	set	set	VERB
fbem-31708	73	6	their	their	PRON
fbem-31708	73	7	schedules	schedule	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	73	9	accepting	accept	VERB
fbem-31708	73	10	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	73	11	rejecting	reject	VERB
fbem-31708	73	12	rides	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	13	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-31708	73	14	desired	desire	VERB
fbem-31708	73	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	73	16	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	73	17	delivery	delivery	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	18	couriers	courier	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	19	choose	choose	VERB
fbem-31708	73	20	shifts	shift	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	21	matching	match	VERB
fbem-31708	73	22	their	their	PRON
fbem-31708	73	23	availability	availability	NOUN
fbem-31708	73	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	74	1	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	74	2	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	3	benefits	benefit	VERB
fbem-31708	74	4	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	5	seeking	seek	VERB
fbem-31708	74	6	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	74	8	life	life	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	9	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	74	11	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	12	needing	need	VERB
fbem-31708	74	13	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	14	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	74	15	responsive	responsive	ADJ
fbem-31708	74	16	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	17	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	74	18	peaks	peak	NOUN
fbem-31708	74	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	75	1	3.1.2	3.1.2	X
fbem-31708	75	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	75	3	structural	structural	ADJ
fbem-31708	75	4	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	5	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	6	changes	change	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	7	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	8	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	9	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-31708	75	10	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	11	mobility	mobility	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	75	13	allowing	allow	VERB
fbem-31708	75	14	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	15	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	75	16	transition	transition	VERB
fbem-31708	75	17	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	75	18	roles	role	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	75	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	21	easily	easily	ADV
fbem-31708	75	22	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	75	23	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	75	24	example	example	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	75	26	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	75	27	graphic	graphic	ADJ
fbem-31708	75	28	designer	designer	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	29	combining	combine	VERB
fbem-31708	75	30	freelance	freelance	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	31	projects	project	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	32	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	75	33	part	part	ADJ
fbem-31708	75	34	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	75	35	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	36	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	75	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	76	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	76	2	reshapes	reshape	VERB
fbem-31708	76	3	job	job	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	4	distribution	distribution	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	5	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	76	6	creating	create	VERB
fbem-31708	76	7	new	new	ADJ
fbem-31708	76	8	roles	role	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	76	10	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	11	moderators	moderator	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	76	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	76	14	transforming	transform	VERB
fbem-31708	76	15	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	76	16	jobs	job	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	17	into	into	ADP
fbem-31708	76	18	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	76	20	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	76	21	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	76	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	77	1	us	us	PROPN
fbem-31708	77	2	bureau	bureau	PROPN
fbem-31708	77	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	77	4	labor	labor	PROPN
fbem-31708	77	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
fbem-31708	77	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	77	7	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-31708	77	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	78	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	78	2	5	5	X
fbem-31708	78	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	78	4	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	78	5	shows	show	VERB
fbem-31708	78	6	growing	grow	VERB
fbem-31708	78	7	alternative	alternative	ADJ
fbem-31708	78	8	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	78	9	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	78	11	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	78	12	european	european	ADJ
fbem-31708	78	13	trends	trend	NOUN
fbem-31708	78	14	mirroring	mirror	VERB
fbem-31708	78	15	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	78	16	shift	shift	NOUN
fbem-31708	78	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	78	18	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-31708	78	19	among	among	ADP
fbem-31708	78	20	younger	young	ADJ
fbem-31708	78	21	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	78	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	79	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
fbem-31708	79	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	79	3	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	4	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	6	's	's	PART
fbem-31708	79	7	influence	influence	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	8	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	79	9	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	79	10	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	11	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	12	3.2.1	3.2.1	NUM
fbem-31708	79	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	79	14	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
fbem-31708	79	15	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	16	flexible	flexible	ADJ
fbem-31708	79	17	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	18	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	19	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	79	20	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	21	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	22	entry	entry	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	23	barriers	barrier	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	79	25	enabling	enable	VERB
fbem-31708	79	26	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	79	27	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	79	28	scale	scale	VERB
fbem-31708	79	29	quickly	quickly	ADV
fbem-31708	79	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	80	1	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	2	adopt	adopt	VERB
fbem-31708	80	3	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	4	models	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	5	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	80	6	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	80	7	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-31708	80	8	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	80	10	avoiding	avoid	VERB
fbem-31708	80	11	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	80	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	80	14	adjust	adjust	VERB
fbem-31708	80	15	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	80	16	demand	demand	VERB
fbem-31708	80	17	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	18	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	80	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
fbem-31708	80	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	80	21	e	e	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	22	-	-	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	23	commerce	commerce	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	24	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	25	hiring	hire	VERB
fbem-31708	80	26	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
fbem-31708	80	27	81	81	NUM
fbem-31708	80	28	delivery	delivery	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	29	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	30	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	31	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	80	32	holidays	holiday	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	33	without	without	ADP
fbem-31708	80	34	long	long	ADJ
fbem-31708	80	35	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	80	36	term	term	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	37	commitments	commitment	NOUN
fbem-31708	80	38	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	81	1	3.2.2	3.2.2	X
fbem-31708	81	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	81	3	shaping	shape	VERB
fbem-31708	81	4	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	5	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	6	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	7	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	81	8	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	9	fosters	foster	VERB
fbem-31708	81	10	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	11	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	81	13	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	14	diversity	diversity	NOUN
fbem-31708	81	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	82	1	crowdsourcing	crowdsourcing	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	2	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	3	like	like	ADP
fbem-31708	82	4	amazon	amazon	PROPN
fbem-31708	82	5	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
fbem-31708	82	6	turk	turk	PROPN
fbem-31708	82	7	thrive	thrive	VERB
fbem-31708	82	8	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	82	9	flexible	flexible	ADJ
fbem-31708	82	10	global	global	ADJ
fbem-31708	82	11	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	12	pools	pool	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	82	14	using	use	VERB
fbem-31708	82	15	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	16	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	82	17	match	match	VERB
fbem-31708	82	18	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	19	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	82	20	micro	micro	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	21	-	-	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	22	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	82	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	83	1	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	2	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	3	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	4	influence	influence	VERB
fbem-31708	83	5	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	6	design	design	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	83	8	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	83	9	stricter	strict	ADJ
fbem-31708	83	10	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	11	prompting	prompt	VERB
fbem-31708	83	12	more	more	ADV
fbem-31708	83	13	structured	structured	ADJ
fbem-31708	83	14	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	15	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	83	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	84	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
fbem-31708	84	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	84	3	case	case	NOUN
fbem-31708	84	4	studies	study	VERB
fbem-31708	84	5	3.3.1	3.3.1	NUM
fbem-31708	84	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	85	1	uber	uber	ADJ
fbem-31708	85	2	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	85	3	flexible	flexible	ADJ
fbem-31708	85	4	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	85	6	us	we	PRON
fbem-31708	85	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	85	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	85	9	uber	uber	PROPN
fbem-31708	85	10	classifies	classify	VERB
fbem-31708	85	11	drivers	driver	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	12	as	as	ADP
fbem-31708	85	13	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-31708	85	14	contractors	contractor	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	85	16	enabling	enable	VERB
fbem-31708	85	17	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	18	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	85	19	efficient	efficient	ADJ
fbem-31708	85	20	scaling	scaling	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	85	22	driver	driver	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	23	schedule	schedule	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	24	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
fbem-31708	85	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	86	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	86	2	restrictive	restrictive	ADJ
fbem-31708	86	3	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	86	5	some	some	DET
fbem-31708	86	6	eu	eu	PROPN
fbem-31708	86	7	countries	country	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	86	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	86	10	court	court	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	11	rulings	ruling	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	12	mandating	mandate	VERB
fbem-31708	86	13	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	14	status	status	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	15	require	require	VERB
fbem-31708	86	16	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	86	18	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-31708	86	19	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	20	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	86	21	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-31708	86	22	security	security	NOUN
fbem-31708	86	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	87	1	uber	uber	ADJ
fbem-31708	87	2	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-31708	87	3	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	4	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	5	access	access	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	6	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	87	7	raises	raise	VERB
fbem-31708	87	8	concerns	concern	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	9	about	about	ADP
fbem-31708	87	10	driver	driver	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	12	post	post	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	13	-	-	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	14	expenses	expense	NOUN
fbem-31708	87	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	88	1	3.3.2	3.3.2	X
fbem-31708	88	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	88	3	taskrabbit	taskrabbit	VERB
fbem-31708	88	4	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	88	5	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	6	leverages	leverage	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	7	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	88	9	allowing	allow	VERB
fbem-31708	88	10	taskers	tasker	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	11	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	88	12	set	set	VERB
fbem-31708	88	13	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	88	15	availability	availability	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	16	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	88	17	clients	client	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	18	access	access	VERB
fbem-31708	88	19	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	88	20	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	88	21	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	22	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	88	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	89	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-31708	89	2	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-31708	89	3	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	4	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	5	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	6	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	89	7	exposes	expose	VERB
fbem-31708	89	8	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	9	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	89	10	income	income	VERB
fbem-31708	89	11	variability	variability	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	89	13	rating	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	14	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	89	15	dependent	dependent	ADJ
fbem-31708	89	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	89	18	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
fbem-31708	89	19	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	89	20	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	21	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	22	balance	balance	VERB
fbem-31708	89	23	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	24	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	89	25	precarity	precarity	NOUN
fbem-31708	89	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	90	1	4	4	X
fbem-31708	90	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	90	3	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	90	4	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	90	5	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	90	6	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	90	7	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	90	8	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	90	9	4.1	4.1	NUM
fbem-31708	90	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	91	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	91	2	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-31708	91	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	91	4	their	their	PRON
fbem-31708	91	5	changes	change	NOUN
fbem-31708	91	6	4.1.1	4.1.1	NUM
fbem-31708	91	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	92	1	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	92	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	92	3	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-31708	92	4	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	92	5	remain	remain	VERB
fbem-31708	92	6	critical	critical	ADJ
fbem-31708	92	7	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	92	8	are	be	AUX
fbem-31708	92	9	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	92	10	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	92	11	specific	specific	ADJ
fbem-31708	92	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	93	1	upwork	upwork	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	2	programmers	programmer	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	3	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	93	4	ai	ai	PROPN
fbem-31708	93	5	expertise	expertise	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	6	command	command	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	7	premium	premium	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	8	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	93	10	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	93	11	top	top	ADJ
fbem-31708	93	12	designers	designer	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	13	secure	secure	VERB
fbem-31708	93	14	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	93	15	pay	pay	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	16	via	via	ADP
fbem-31708	93	17	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-31708	93	18	portfolios	portfolio	NOUN
fbem-31708	93	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	94	1	productivity	productivity	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	2	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	94	3	measured	measure	VERB
fbem-31708	94	4	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	94	5	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	6	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	94	8	speed	speed	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	9	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	94	10	influences	influence	VERB
fbem-31708	94	11	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	12	access	access	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	94	14	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	94	15	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	16	solely	solely	ADV
fbem-31708	94	17	responsible	responsible	ADJ
fbem-31708	94	18	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	94	19	skill	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	20	development	development	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	21	investments	investment	NOUN
fbem-31708	94	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	95	1	4.1.2	4.1.2	NUM
fbem-31708	95	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	95	3	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	4	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	95	6	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	7	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	8	responds	respond	VERB
fbem-31708	95	9	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
fbem-31708	95	10	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	95	11	demand	demand	VERB
fbem-31708	95	12	signals	signal	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	13	like	like	ADP
fbem-31708	95	14	surge	surge	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	15	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	95	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	96	1	ride	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	2	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	96	3	hailing	hail	VERB
fbem-31708	96	4	drivers	driver	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	5	log	log	VERB
fbem-31708	96	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	96	7	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	96	8	peak	peak	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	9	hours	hour	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	10	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-31708	96	11	fares	fare	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	12	rise	rise	VERB
fbem-31708	96	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	96	14	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	96	15	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	16	use	use	VERB
fbem-31708	96	17	real	real	ADJ
fbem-31708	96	18	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	96	19	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	20	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	21	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	96	22	balance	balance	VERB
fbem-31708	96	23	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	24	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	96	25	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	96	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	97	1	this	this	PRON
fbem-31708	97	2	creates	create	VERB
fbem-31708	97	3	short	short	ADJ
fbem-31708	97	4	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	97	5	term	term	NOUN
fbem-31708	97	6	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	97	7	volatility	volatility	NOUN
fbem-31708	97	8	absent	absent	ADJ
fbem-31708	97	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	97	10	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	97	11	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	97	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	1	4.1.3	4.1.3	X
fbem-31708	98	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	3	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	4	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	5	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	98	6	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	98	8	low	low	ADJ
fbem-31708	98	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	10	skill	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	11	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	13	basic	basic	ADJ
fbem-31708	98	14	data	data	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	15	entry	entry	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	16	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	17	depresses	depress	VERB
fbem-31708	98	18	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	20	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	98	21	niche	niche	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	22	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	24	blockchain	blockchain	PROPN
fbem-31708	98	25	development	development	PROPN
fbem-31708	98	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	98	27	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	98	28	geographic	geographic	ADJ
fbem-31708	98	29	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	30	shortages	shortage	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	31	increase	increase	VERB
fbem-31708	98	32	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	98	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	99	1	taskrabbit	taskrabbit	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	2	shows	show	VERB
fbem-31708	99	3	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	4	premiums	premium	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	99	6	specialized	specialized	ADJ
fbem-31708	99	7	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	8	like	like	ADP
fbem-31708	99	9	electrical	electrical	ADJ
fbem-31708	99	10	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	11	versus	versus	ADP
fbem-31708	99	12	general	general	ADJ
fbem-31708	99	13	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	14	services	service	NOUN
fbem-31708	99	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	100	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
fbem-31708	100	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	101	1	new	new	ADJ
fbem-31708	101	2	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	101	3	determinants	determinant	NOUN
fbem-31708	101	4	4.2.1	4.2.1	NUM
fbem-31708	101	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	102	1	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	2	rules	rule	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	102	4	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	5	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	6	calculate	calculate	VERB
fbem-31708	102	7	delivery	delivery	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	8	fees	fee	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	9	using	use	VERB
fbem-31708	102	10	distance	distance	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	102	12	time	time	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	102	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	102	15	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	102	17	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	102	18	surge	surge	ADJ
fbem-31708	102	19	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	20	boosting	boost	VERB
fbem-31708	102	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	22	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	102	23	peaks	peak	NOUN
fbem-31708	102	24	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	1	ride	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	2	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	3	hailing	hail	VERB
fbem-31708	103	4	fares	fare	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	5	depend	depend	VERB
fbem-31708	103	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	103	7	traffic	traffic	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	9	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	103	12	driver	driver	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	13	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	15	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	103	16	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	17	commissions	commission	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	18	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	19	often	often	ADV
fbem-31708	103	20	10	10	NUM
fbem-31708	103	21	-	-	SYM
fbem-31708	103	22	30	30	NUM
fbem-31708	103	23	%	%	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	25	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	103	26	net	net	ADJ
fbem-31708	103	27	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	103	29	creating	create	VERB
fbem-31708	103	30	opaque	opaque	ADJ
fbem-31708	103	31	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	32	structures	structure	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	33	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	103	34	struggle	struggle	VERB
fbem-31708	103	35	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	103	36	predict	predict	VERB
fbem-31708	103	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	104	1	notably	notably	ADV
fbem-31708	104	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	104	3	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
fbem-31708	104	4	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	104	5	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	104	6	setting	setting	NOUN
fbem-31708	104	7	is	be	AUX
fbem-31708	104	8	not	not	PART
fbem-31708	104	9	immune	immune	ADJ
fbem-31708	104	10	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	104	11	bias	bias	VERB
fbem-31708	104	12	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	104	13	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	104	14	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	104	15	machine	machine	NOUN
fbem-31708	104	16	learning	learning	NOUN
fbem-31708	104	17	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	104	18	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
fbem-31708	104	19	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	104	20	angwin	angwin	NOUN
fbem-31708	104	21	et	et	PROPN
fbem-31708	104	22	al	al	PROPN
fbem-31708	104	23	.	.	PROPN
fbem-31708	104	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	104	25	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-31708	104	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	105	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	105	2	9	9	NUM
fbem-31708	105	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	105	4	show	show	VERB
fbem-31708	105	5	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-31708	105	6	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	105	7	can	can	AUX
fbem-31708	105	8	replicate	replicate	VERB
fbem-31708	105	9	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	105	10	amplify	amplify	VERB
fbem-31708	105	11	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-31708	105	12	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
fbem-31708	105	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	105	14	such	such	ADJ
fbem-31708	105	15	as	as	ADP
fbem-31708	105	16	undercompensating	undercompensate	VERB
fbem-31708	105	17	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	105	18	from	from	ADP
fbem-31708	105	19	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
fbem-31708	105	20	groups	group	NOUN
fbem-31708	105	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	106	1	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
fbem-31708	106	2	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	106	3	human	human	ADJ
fbem-31708	106	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	106	5	machine	machine	NOUN
fbem-31708	106	6	predictions	prediction	NOUN
fbem-31708	106	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	106	8	kleinberg	kleinberg	PROPN
fbem-31708	106	9	et	et	PROPN
fbem-31708	106	10	al	al	PROPN
fbem-31708	106	11	.	.	PROPN
fbem-31708	106	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	106	13	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-31708	106	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	107	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	107	2	12	12	NUM
fbem-31708	107	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	107	4	further	far	ADV
fbem-31708	107	5	suggest	suggest	VERB
fbem-31708	107	6	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-31708	107	7	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	107	8	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	9	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-31708	107	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	107	12	they	they	PRON
fbem-31708	107	13	may	may	AUX
fbem-31708	107	14	lack	lack	VERB
fbem-31708	107	15	transparency	transparency	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	16	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	107	17	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-31708	107	18	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	19	weights	weight	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	20	are	be	AUX
fbem-31708	107	21	assigned	assign	VERB
fbem-31708	107	22	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	107	23	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	24	like	like	ADP
fbem-31708	107	25	location	location	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	26	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	107	27	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	28	demographics	demographic	NOUN
fbem-31708	107	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	108	1	4.2.2	4.2.2	X
fbem-31708	108	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	108	3	reputation	reputation	NOUN
fbem-31708	108	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	108	5	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	108	6	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	108	7	client	client	NOUN
fbem-31708	108	8	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	108	9	attract	attract	VERB
fbem-31708	108	10	more	more	ADJ
fbem-31708	108	11	gigs	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	108	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	108	13	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	108	14	pay	pay	NOUN
fbem-31708	108	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	109	1	airbnb	airbnb	PROPN
fbem-31708	109	2	hosts	host	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	3	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	109	4	4.8	4.8	NUM
fbem-31708	109	5	+	+	NUM
fbem-31708	109	6	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	7	charge	charge	VERB
fbem-31708	109	8	15	15	NUM
fbem-31708	109	9	-	-	SYM
fbem-31708	109	10	20	20	NUM
fbem-31708	109	11	%	%	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	12	more	more	ADJ
fbem-31708	109	13	than	than	ADP
fbem-31708	109	14	lower	lower	ADV
fbem-31708	109	15	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	109	16	rated	rate	VERB
fbem-31708	109	17	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	18	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	109	19	upwork	upwork	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	20	freelancers	freelancer	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	21	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	109	22	top	top	ADJ
fbem-31708	109	23	scores	score	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	24	access	access	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	25	premium	premium	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	26	projects	project	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	109	28	creating	create	VERB
fbem-31708	109	29	a	a	DET
fbem-31708	109	30	feedback	feedback	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	31	loop	loop	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	32	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-31708	109	33	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	34	begets	beget	VERB
fbem-31708	109	35	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	109	36	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	109	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	110	1	4.2.3	4.2.3	X
fbem-31708	110	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	1	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	2	complexity	complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	111	4	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	5	complex	complex	ADJ
fbem-31708	111	6	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	8	legal	legal	ADJ
fbem-31708	111	9	consulting	consulting	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	11	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	111	12	risky	risky	ADJ
fbem-31708	111	13	roles	role	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	14	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	15	highaltitude	highaltitude	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	16	window	window	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	17	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	19	command	command	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	20	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	111	21	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	23	compensating	compensate	VERB
fbem-31708	111	24	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	111	25	specialized	specialized	ADJ
fbem-31708	111	26	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	28	effort	effort	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	111	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	111	31	potential	potential	ADJ
fbem-31708	111	32	harm	harm	NOUN
fbem-31708	111	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	112	1	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	112	2	often	often	ADV
fbem-31708	112	3	include	include	VERB
fbem-31708	112	4	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-31708	112	5	premiums	premium	NOUN
fbem-31708	112	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	112	7	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	112	8	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	112	9	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	112	10	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ
fbem-31708	112	11	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	112	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	113	1	4.3	4.3	NUM
fbem-31708	113	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	114	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-31708	114	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-31708	114	3	4.3.1	4.3.1	NUM
fbem-31708	114	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	115	1	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	115	3	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	4	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	5	includes	include	VERB
fbem-31708	115	6	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	8	reports	report	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	115	10	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	11	force	force	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	12	surveys	survey	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	115	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	115	15	academic	academic	ADJ
fbem-31708	115	16	datasets	dataset	NOUN
fbem-31708	115	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	116	1	dependent	dependent	ADJ
fbem-31708	116	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	116	3	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	116	4	hourly	hourly	ADJ
fbem-31708	116	5	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	116	6	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	116	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	116	8	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	116	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	116	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	1	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-31708	117	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	3	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	4	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	6	education	education	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	8	experience	experience	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	11	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	12	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	14	hours	hour	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	15	worked	work	VERB
fbem-31708	117	16	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	18	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	19	proxies	proxy	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	20	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	21	region	region	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	23	sector	sector	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	26	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	27	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	29	task	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	30	complexity	complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	32	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	33	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	35	surge	surge	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	36	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	37	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	39	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	117	40	demographics	demographic	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	41	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	42	age	age	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	44	gender	gender	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	46	location	location	NOUN
fbem-31708	117	47	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	117	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	118	1	4.3.2	4.3.2	X
fbem-31708	118	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	118	3	model	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	118	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	118	5	results	result	VERB
fbem-31708	118	6	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	118	7	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-31708	118	8	model	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	118	9	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	118	10	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	118	11	=	=	SYM
fbem-31708	118	12	β₀	β₀	PROPN
fbem-31708	118	13	+	+	NUM
fbem-31708	118	14	β₁(skills	β₁(skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	118	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	118	16	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-31708	118	17	β₂(supply	β₂(supply	ADV
fbem-31708	118	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	119	1	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-31708	119	2	β₃(demand	β₃(demand	NUM
fbem-31708	119	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	120	1	+	+	NUM
fbem-31708	120	2	β₄(ratings	β₄(rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	120	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	121	1	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-31708	121	2	β₅(complexity	β₅(complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	121	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	122	1	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-31708	122	2	β₆(platform	β₆(platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	122	3	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	122	4	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	1	+	+	NUM
fbem-31708	123	2	controls	control	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	3	+	+	CCONJ
fbem-31708	123	4	ε	ε	PROPN
fbem-31708	123	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	6	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-31708	123	7	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	9	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-31708	123	10	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	11	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	123	12	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	14	β₁	β₁	ADJ
fbem-31708	123	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	17	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	18	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	19	β₄	β₄	PROPN
fbem-31708	123	20	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	22	complexity	complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	24	β₅	β₅	ADV
fbem-31708	123	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	123	28	surge	surge	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	29	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	30	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	31	β₆	β₆	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	32	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	34	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	123	35	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	36	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	37	showing	show	VERB
fbem-31708	123	38	diminishing	diminishing	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	39	returns	return	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	40	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	41	β₂	β₂	NOUN
fbem-31708	123	42	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-31708	123	43	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	123	44	decreasing	decrease	VERB
fbem-31708	123	45	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	123	46	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	124	1	4.3.3	4.3.3	X
fbem-31708	124	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	1	robustness	robustness	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	2	checks	check	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	3	alternative	alternative	ADJ
fbem-31708	125	4	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	5	measures	measure	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	7	monthly	monthly	ADJ
fbem-31708	125	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	11	log	log	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	12	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	13	linear	linear	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	14	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	16	subgroup	subgroup	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	18	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	19	ride	ride	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	20	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	21	hailing	hail	VERB
fbem-31708	125	22	vs.	vs.	ADP
fbem-31708	125	23	freelance	freelance	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	125	27	additional	additional	ADJ
fbem-31708	125	28	controls	control	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	29	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	30	technology	technology	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	31	access	access	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	32	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	33	verify	verify	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	34	result	result	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	35	stability	stability	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	36	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	125	37	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	125	38	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	39	are	be	AUX
fbem-31708	125	40	n’t	not	PART
fbem-31708	125	41	driven	drive	VERB
fbem-31708	125	42	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	125	43	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	44	artifacts	artifact	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	45	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	125	46	sample	sample	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	47	biases	bias	NOUN
fbem-31708	125	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	126	1	5	5	X
fbem-31708	126	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	126	3	implications	implication	NOUN
fbem-31708	126	4	5.1	5.1	NUM
fbem-31708	126	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	127	2	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	3	5.1.1	5.1.1	NUM
fbem-31708	127	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	5	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	127	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	8	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	9	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	10	offers	offer	VERB
fbem-31708	127	11	diversified	diversified	ADJ
fbem-31708	127	12	income	income	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	13	streams	stream	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	127	15	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	16	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	127	17	brings	bring	VERB
fbem-31708	127	18	income	income	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	19	instability	instability	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	21	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-31708	127	22	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	24	no	no	DET
fbem-31708	127	25	health	health	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	26	insurance	insurance	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	27	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	127	28	retirement	retirement	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	29	plans	plan	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	30	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	127	33	hidden	hidden	ADJ
fbem-31708	127	34	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	35	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	36	equipment	equipment	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	38	fuel	fuel	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	40	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	41	fees	fee	NOUN
fbem-31708	127	42	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	127	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	128	1	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	128	2	face	face	VERB
fbem-31708	128	3	irregular	irregular	ADJ
fbem-31708	128	4	schedules	schedule	NOUN
fbem-31708	128	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	128	6	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
fbem-31708	128	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	128	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	128	9	complicating	complicate	VERB
fbem-31708	128	10	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-31708	128	11	planning	planning	NOUN
fbem-31708	128	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	1	5.1.2	5.1.2	X
fbem-31708	129	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	3	optimization	optimization	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	4	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	5	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	6	should	should	AUX
fbem-31708	129	7	invest	invest	VERB
fbem-31708	129	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	129	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	129	10	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	11	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	12	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	14	coding	coding	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	16	digital	digital	ADJ
fbem-31708	129	17	marketing	marketing	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	20	build	build	VERB
fbem-31708	129	21	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-31708	129	22	reputations	reputation	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	23	via	via	ADP
fbem-31708	129	24	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	129	25	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	26	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	27	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	29	strategically	strategically	ADV
fbem-31708	129	30	select	select	VERB
fbem-31708	129	31	high	high	ADV
fbem-31708	129	32	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	33	paying	pay	VERB
fbem-31708	129	34	tasks	task	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	35	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	129	36	peak	peak	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	37	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	39	diversify	diversify	VERB
fbem-31708	129	40	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	129	41	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	129	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	129	44	track	track	VERB
fbem-31708	129	45	expenses	expense	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	46	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	129	47	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	48	deductions	deduction	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	49	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	129	50	maximize	maximize	VERB
fbem-31708	129	51	net	net	ADJ
fbem-31708	129	52	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	129	53	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	130	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
fbem-31708	130	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	131	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	131	2	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	3	5.2.1	5.2.1	NUM
fbem-31708	131	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	131	5	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	6	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	131	7	benefit	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	9	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	10	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	131	12	fixed	fixed	ADJ
fbem-31708	131	13	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	131	15	increase	increase	VERB
fbem-31708	131	16	workforce	workforce	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	17	agility	agility	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	18	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	131	19	require	require	VERB
fbem-31708	131	20	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-31708	131	21	management	management	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	22	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-31708	131	23	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	132	1	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-31708	132	2	include	include	VERB
fbem-31708	132	3	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	132	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-31708	132	5	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-31708	132	6	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	132	7	dispersed	disperse	VERB
fbem-31708	132	8	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	132	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	132	10	navigating	navigate	VERB
fbem-31708	132	11	legal	legal	ADJ
fbem-31708	132	12	risks	risk	NOUN
fbem-31708	132	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	132	14	misclassification	misclassification	NOUN
fbem-31708	132	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	133	1	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	2	82	82	NUM
fbem-31708	133	3	outweigh	outweigh	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	4	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	5	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	133	6	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	7	needing	need	VERB
fbem-31708	133	8	flexible	flexible	ADJ
fbem-31708	133	9	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	133	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
fbem-31708	133	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	133	13	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
fbem-31708	133	14	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-31708	133	15	project	project	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	16	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	133	17	based	base	VERB
fbem-31708	133	18	industries	industry	NOUN
fbem-31708	133	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	1	5.2.2	5.2.2	NUM
fbem-31708	134	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	3	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	4	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	5	setting	set	VERB
fbem-31708	134	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	7	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	8	should	should	AUX
fbem-31708	134	9	align	align	VERB
fbem-31708	134	10	wages	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	11	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	134	12	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	13	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	15	reward	reward	VERB
fbem-31708	134	16	skill	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	17	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	134	18	complexity	complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	20	use	use	VERB
fbem-31708	134	21	performance	performance	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	22	incentives	incentive	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	24	bonuses	bonus	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	25	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	134	26	high	high	ADJ
fbem-31708	134	27	ratings	rating	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	134	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	134	31	ensure	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	134	32	transparency	transparency	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	33	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	134	34	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	35	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	134	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	135	1	clear	clear	ADJ
fbem-31708	135	2	communication	communication	NOUN
fbem-31708	135	3	about	about	ADP
fbem-31708	135	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	135	5	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-31708	135	6	builds	build	VERB
fbem-31708	135	7	trust	trust	NOUN
fbem-31708	135	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	135	9	reduces	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	135	10	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	135	11	turnover	turnover	NOUN
fbem-31708	135	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	136	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
fbem-31708	136	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	137	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	137	2	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	3	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	137	4	makers	maker	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	5	5.3.1	5.3.1	NUM
fbem-31708	137	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	137	7	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	8	challenges	challenge	VERB
fbem-31708	137	9	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	10	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	11	leave	leave	VERB
fbem-31708	137	12	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	13	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	14	without	without	ADP
fbem-31708	137	15	standard	standard	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	16	protections	protection	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	17	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	137	18	social	social	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	19	security	security	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	20	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	21	fail	fail	VERB
fbem-31708	137	22	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	137	23	cover	cover	VERB
fbem-31708	137	24	platformbased	platformbased	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	25	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	26	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	137	27	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	28	compliance	compliance	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	29	is	be	AUX
fbem-31708	137	30	complicated	complicate	VERB
fbem-31708	137	31	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	137	32	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	33	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	34	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	137	35	collective	collective	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	36	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	37	is	be	AUX
fbem-31708	137	38	limited	limit	VERB
fbem-31708	137	39	by	by	ADP
fbem-31708	137	40	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	41	dispersion	dispersion	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	42	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	137	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	137	44	uneven	uneven	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	45	regulation	regulation	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	46	creates	create	VERB
fbem-31708	137	47	unfair	unfair	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	48	competition	competition	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	49	between	between	ADP
fbem-31708	137	50	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	137	51	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	137	52	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	53	businesses	business	NOUN
fbem-31708	137	54	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	138	1	these	these	DET
fbem-31708	138	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
fbem-31708	138	3	echo	echo	VERB
fbem-31708	138	4	broader	broad	ADJ
fbem-31708	138	5	concerns	concern	NOUN
fbem-31708	138	6	about	about	ADP
fbem-31708	138	7	systemic	systemic	ADJ
fbem-31708	138	8	inequities	inequity	NOUN
fbem-31708	138	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	138	10	modern	modern	ADJ
fbem-31708	138	11	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	138	12	markets	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	138	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	138	14	alexander	alexander	NOUN
fbem-31708	138	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	138	16	2010	2010	NUM
fbem-31708	138	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	139	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	139	2	8	8	NUM
fbem-31708	139	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	139	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	139	5	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-31708	139	6	flexible	flexible	ADJ
fbem-31708	139	7	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	139	8	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	139	9	can	can	AUX
fbem-31708	139	10	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
fbem-31708	139	11	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-31708	139	12	social	social	ADJ
fbem-31708	139	13	divides	divide	NOUN
fbem-31708	139	14	if	if	SCONJ
fbem-31708	139	15	unregulated	unregulate	VERB
fbem-31708	139	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	1	5.3.2	5.3.2	X
fbem-31708	140	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	3	fair	fair	ADJ
fbem-31708	140	4	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	5	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	6	reform	reform	VERB
fbem-31708	140	7	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	8	classification	classification	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	9	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	140	10	protect	protect	VERB
fbem-31708	140	11	dependent	dependent	ADJ
fbem-31708	140	12	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	13	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	14	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	15	establish	establish	VERB
fbem-31708	140	16	portable	portable	ADJ
fbem-31708	140	17	benefits	benefit	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	18	systems	system	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	19	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	20	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
fbem-31708	140	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	22	retirement	retirement	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	24	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	140	25	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	26	contributions	contribution	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	27	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	28	mandate	mandate	VERB
fbem-31708	140	29	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
fbem-31708	140	30	transparency	transparency	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	31	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	140	32	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	33	calculation	calculation	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	34	—	—	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	35	aligning	align	VERB
fbem-31708	140	36	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	140	37	principles	principle	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	38	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	140	39	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
fbem-31708	140	40	uniformity	uniformity	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	41	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	42	american	american	PROPN
fbem-31708	140	43	bar	bar	PROPN
fbem-31708	140	44	association	association	NOUN
fbem-31708	140	45	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	140	46	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-31708	140	47	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	141	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	141	2	10	10	NUM
fbem-31708	141	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	141	4	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	141	5	ensure	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	141	6	consistent	consistent	ADJ
fbem-31708	141	7	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	8	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	141	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	10	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	141	11	fund	fund	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	12	skill	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	13	training	training	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	14	programs	program	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	141	16	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	17	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	18	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	141	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	141	20	support	support	VERB
fbem-31708	141	21	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	22	associations	association	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	23	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	141	24	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-31708	141	25	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	26	power	power	NOUN
fbem-31708	141	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	142	1	such	such	ADJ
fbem-31708	142	2	reforms	reform	NOUN
fbem-31708	142	3	must	must	AUX
fbem-31708	142	4	be	be	AUX
fbem-31708	142	5	grounded	ground	VERB
fbem-31708	142	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	142	7	legal	legal	ADJ
fbem-31708	142	8	frameworks	framework	NOUN
fbem-31708	142	9	that	that	PRON
fbem-31708	142	10	balance	balance	VERB
fbem-31708	142	11	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	142	12	with	with	ADP
fbem-31708	142	13	protection	protection	NOUN
fbem-31708	142	14	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	142	15	dressler	dressler	PROPN
fbem-31708	142	16	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	142	17	michaels	michaels	PROPN
fbem-31708	142	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	142	19	2009	2009	NUM
fbem-31708	142	20	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	143	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	143	2	11	11	NUM
fbem-31708	143	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	143	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	143	5	ensuring	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	143	6	policies	policy	NOUN
fbem-31708	143	7	are	be	AUX
fbem-31708	143	8	enforceable	enforceable	ADJ
fbem-31708	143	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	143	10	adaptable	adaptable	ADJ
fbem-31708	143	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	143	12	technological	technological	ADJ
fbem-31708	143	13	change	change	NOUN
fbem-31708	143	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	144	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
fbem-31708	144	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	144	3	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	4	should	should	AUX
fbem-31708	144	5	draw	draw	VERB
fbem-31708	144	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	144	7	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	8	from	from	ADP
fbem-31708	144	9	fields	field	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	10	beyond	beyond	ADP
fbem-31708	144	11	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	12	economics	economic	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	144	14	such	such	ADJ
fbem-31708	144	15	as	as	ADP
fbem-31708	144	16	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	17	on	on	ADP
fbem-31708	144	18	reducing	reduce	VERB
fbem-31708	144	19	disparities	disparity	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	20	through	through	ADP
fbem-31708	144	21	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
fbem-31708	144	22	accountability	accountability	NOUN
fbem-31708	144	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	144	24	berger	berger	PROPN
fbem-31708	144	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	144	26	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-31708	144	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	145	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	145	2	10	10	NUM
fbem-31708	145	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	145	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	145	5	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	145	6	design	design	VERB
fbem-31708	145	7	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	145	8	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	145	9	setting	set	VERB
fbem-31708	145	10	rules	rule	NOUN
fbem-31708	145	11	that	that	PRON
fbem-31708	145	12	minimize	minimize	VERB
fbem-31708	145	13	bias	bias	NOUN
fbem-31708	145	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	146	1	6	6	X
fbem-31708	146	2	.	.	X
fbem-31708	146	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
fbem-31708	146	4	6.1	6.1	NUM
fbem-31708	146	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	147	1	summary	summary	VERB
fbem-31708	147	2	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	147	3	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	4	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	5	enhances	enhance	VERB
fbem-31708	147	6	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	7	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	8	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	9	through	through	ADP
fbem-31708	147	10	diverse	diverse	ADJ
fbem-31708	147	11	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	147	13	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-31708	147	14	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	15	enables	enable	VERB
fbem-31708	147	16	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	17	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	18	growth	growth	NOUN
fbem-31708	147	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	1	wage	wage	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	2	determination	determination	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	3	integrates	integrate	VERB
fbem-31708	148	4	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-31708	148	5	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	7	skills	skill	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	9	supply	supply	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	10	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	11	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	148	14	new	new	ADJ
fbem-31708	148	15	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	16	elements	element	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	17	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	18	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	20	reputation	reputation	NOUN
fbem-31708	148	21	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	148	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	149	1	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	2	face	face	VERB
fbem-31708	149	3	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	4	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	149	5	instability	instability	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	6	trade	trade	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-31708	149	8	offs	off	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	9	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	149	10	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	11	gain	gain	VERB
fbem-31708	149	12	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	13	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-31708	149	14	manage	manage	VERB
fbem-31708	149	15	complexity	complexity	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	16	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	149	17	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	18	must	must	AUX
fbem-31708	149	19	address	address	VERB
fbem-31708	149	20	protection	protection	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	21	gaps	gap	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	22	to	to	PART
fbem-31708	149	23	ensure	ensure	VERB
fbem-31708	149	24	equitable	equitable	ADJ
fbem-31708	149	25	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	26	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	149	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	150	1	6.2	6.2	NUM
fbem-31708	150	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	1	limitations	limitation	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	2	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	3	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	5	limited	limited	ADJ
fbem-31708	151	6	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	7	transparency	transparency	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	10	model	model	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	11	simplifications	simplification	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	13	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
fbem-31708	151	14	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	17	case	case	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	18	specificity	specificity	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	19	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	20	uber	uber	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	21	/	/	SYM
fbem-31708	151	22	taskrabbit	taskrabbit	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	23	focus	focus	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	151	27	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	151	28	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	29	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	30	’s	’s	PART
fbem-31708	151	31	rapid	rapid	ADJ
fbem-31708	151	32	evolution	evolution	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	33	limit	limit	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	34	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	151	36	requiring	require	VERB
fbem-31708	151	37	cautious	cautious	ADJ
fbem-31708	151	38	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	39	across	across	ADP
fbem-31708	151	40	contexts	contexts	NOUN
fbem-31708	151	41	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	152	1	6.3	6.3	NUM
fbem-31708	152	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	153	1	future	future	ADJ
fbem-31708	153	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	3	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
fbem-31708	153	4	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	5	tracking	track	VERB
fbem-31708	153	6	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	7	worker	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	8	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	153	10	crossindustry	crossindustry	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	11	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	153	13	policy	policy	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	14	intervention	intervention	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	15	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	153	17	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
fbem-31708	153	18	fairness	fairness	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	153	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	153	22	inequality	inequality	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	23	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	24	assessments	assessment	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	25	will	will	AUX
fbem-31708	153	26	advance	advance	VERB
fbem-31708	153	27	understanding	understanding	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	153	29	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	153	30	evolving	evolve	VERB
fbem-31708	153	31	labor	labor	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	32	market	market	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	33	segment	segment	NOUN
fbem-31708	153	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	154	1	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN
fbem-31708	154	2	gratitude	gratitude	VERB
fbem-31708	154	3	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	154	4	my	my	PRON
fbem-31708	154	5	advisor	advisor	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	155	2	advisor	advisor	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	3	's	's	PART
fbem-31708	155	4	name	name	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	5	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	155	6	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	155	7	guidance	guidance	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	8	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	155	9	faculty	faculty	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	155	11	peers	peer	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	12	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	155	13	insightful	insightful	ADJ
fbem-31708	155	14	feedback	feedback	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	15	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	155	16	gig	gig	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	17	workers	worker	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	18	who	who	PRON
fbem-31708	155	19	shared	share	VERB
fbem-31708	155	20	experiences	experience	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	21	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-31708	155	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	155	23	organizations	organization	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	24	providing	provide	VERB
fbem-31708	155	25	research	research	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	26	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-31708	155	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	156	1	thanks	thank	NOUN
fbem-31708	156	2	to	to	ADP
fbem-31708	156	3	family	family	NOUN
fbem-31708	156	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	156	5	friends	friend	NOUN
fbem-31708	156	6	for	for	ADP
fbem-31708	156	7	support	support	NOUN
fbem-31708	156	8	during	during	ADP
fbem-31708	156	9	this	this	DET
fbem-31708	156	10	project	project	NOUN
fbem-31708	156	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	157	1	references	reference	NOUN
fbem-31708	157	2	[	[	X
fbem-31708	157	3	1	1	NUM
fbem-31708	157	4	]	]	X
fbem-31708	157	5	farrell	farrell	PROPN
fbem-31708	157	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	157	7	s.	s.	PROPN
fbem-31708	157	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	157	9	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	157	10	greig	greig	PROPN
fbem-31708	157	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	157	12	f.	f.	PROPN
fbem-31708	157	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	157	14	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-31708	157	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	157	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	158	1	paychecks	paycheck	NOUN
fbem-31708	158	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	158	3	paydays	payday	NOUN
fbem-31708	158	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	158	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	158	6	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	158	7	online	online	ADJ
fbem-31708	158	8	platform	platform	NOUN
fbem-31708	158	9	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-31708	158	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	159	1	jpmorgan	jpmorgan	PROPN
fbem-31708	159	2	chase	chase	PROPN
fbem-31708	159	3	institute	institute	PROPN
fbem-31708	159	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	160	2	2	2	NUM
fbem-31708	160	3	]	]	X
fbem-31708	160	4	graham	graham	PROPN
fbem-31708	160	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	6	m.	m.	NOUN
fbem-31708	160	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	8	hjorth	hjorth	NOUN
fbem-31708	160	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	10	i.	i.	PROPN
fbem-31708	160	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	12	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	160	13	lehdonvirta	lehdonvirta	PROPN
fbem-31708	160	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	15	v.	v.	PROPN
fbem-31708	160	16	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	17	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-31708	160	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	160	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	161	1	digital	digital	ADJ
fbem-31708	161	2	labour	labour	NOUN
fbem-31708	161	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	161	4	development	development	NOUN
fbem-31708	161	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	162	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
fbem-31708	162	2	university	university	PROPN
fbem-31708	162	3	press	press	NOUN
fbem-31708	162	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	163	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	163	2	3	3	NUM
fbem-31708	163	3	]	]	X
fbem-31708	163	4	katz	katz	PROPN
fbem-31708	163	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	163	6	l.	l.	PROPN
fbem-31708	163	7	f.	f.	PROPN
fbem-31708	163	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	163	9	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	163	10	krueger	krueger	PROPN
fbem-31708	163	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	163	12	a.	a.	PROPN
fbem-31708	163	13	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-31708	163	14	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	163	15	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-31708	163	16	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	163	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	164	1	alternative	alternative	ADJ
fbem-31708	164	2	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	164	3	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
fbem-31708	164	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-31708	164	5	the	the	DET
fbem-31708	164	6	us	us	PROPN
fbem-31708	164	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	165	1	nber	nber	PROPN
fbem-31708	165	2	working	working	PROPN
fbem-31708	165	3	paper	paper	PROPN
fbem-31708	165	4	24585	24585	NUM
fbem-31708	165	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	166	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	166	2	4	4	NUM
fbem-31708	166	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-31708	166	4	rosenblat	rosenblat	NOUN
fbem-31708	166	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	166	6	a.	a.	NOUN
fbem-31708	166	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	166	8	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-31708	166	9	stark	stark	PROPN
fbem-31708	166	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	166	11	l.	l.	PROPN
fbem-31708	166	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	166	13	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-31708	166	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	166	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	167	1	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
fbem-31708	167	2	at	at	ADP
fbem-31708	167	3	work	work	NOUN
fbem-31708	167	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	168	1	academy	academy	PROPN
fbem-31708	168	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	168	3	management	management	NOUN
fbem-31708	168	4	discoveries	discovery	NOUN
fbem-31708	168	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	168	6	2(3	2(3	NUM
fbem-31708	168	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	168	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	168	9	331	331	NUM
fbem-31708	168	10	-	-	SYM
fbem-31708	168	11	347	347	NUM
fbem-31708	168	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	169	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	169	2	5	5	NUM
fbem-31708	169	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-31708	169	4	us	us	PROPN
fbem-31708	169	5	bureau	bureau	PROPN
fbem-31708	169	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-31708	169	7	labor	labor	PROPN
fbem-31708	169	8	statistics	statistic	NOUN
fbem-31708	169	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	170	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-31708	170	2	2021	2021	NUM
fbem-31708	170	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-31708	170	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	171	1	contingent	contingent	NOUN
fbem-31708	171	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-31708	171	3	alternative	alternative	ADJ
fbem-31708	171	4	employment	employment	NOUN
fbem-31708	171	5	summary	summary	NOUN
fbem-31708	171	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-31708	172	1	[	[	X
fbem-31708	172	2	6	6	NUM
fbem-31708	172	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-31708	172	4	wood	wood	NOUN
fbem-31708	172	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	172	6	a.	a.	NOUN
fbem-31708	172	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-31708	172	8	et	et	PROPN
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