id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
fbem-4853	1	1	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
fbem-4853	1	2	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	1	3	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	1	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
fbem-4853	1	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	1	7	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	1	8	issn	issn	PROPN
fbem-4853	1	9	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	1	10	2766	2766	NUM
fbem-4853	1	11	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	1	12	824x	824x	NUM
fbem-4853	1	13	|	|	ADJ
fbem-4853	1	14	vol	vol	NOUN
fbem-4853	1	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	2	1	7	7	NUM
fbem-4853	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	2	3	no	no	INTJ
fbem-4853	2	4	.	.	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	5	2	2	NUM
fbem-4853	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	2	7	2023	2023	NUM
fbem-4853	2	8	112	112	NUM
fbem-4853	2	9	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	10	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	11	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	2	13	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	2	14	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	15	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	16	yifan	yifan	NOUN
fbem-4853	2	17	shen1	shen1	PROPN
fbem-4853	2	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	2	19	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	1	1school	1school	NUM
fbem-4853	3	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	3	3	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	5	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
fbem-4853	3	6	university	university	PROPN
fbem-4853	3	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	8	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
fbem-4853	3	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	10	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	3	11	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	12	corresponding	correspond	VERB
fbem-4853	3	13	author	author	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	14	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	15	yifanshen2023@163.com	yifanshen2023@163.com	X
fbem-4853	3	16	abstract	abstract	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	17	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	18	despite	despite	SCONJ
fbem-4853	3	19	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	3	20	is	be	VERB
fbem-4853	3	21	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	3	22	large	large	ADJ
fbem-4853	3	23	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	3	25	relevant	relevant	ADJ
fbem-4853	3	26	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	27	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	3	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	3	29	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	3	30	main	main	ADJ
fbem-4853	3	31	topics	topic	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	32	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	3	33	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	34	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	35	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	36	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	3	37	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	3	38	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	39	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	3	41	no	no	DET
fbem-4853	3	42	one	one	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	43	has	have	AUX
fbem-4853	3	44	yet	yet	ADV
fbem-4853	3	45	focused	focus	VERB
fbem-4853	3	46	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	3	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	3	48	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-4853	3	49	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	3	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	3	51	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	3	52	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	4	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	4	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	4	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	4	4	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	4	5	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	4	6	aims	aim	VERB
fbem-4853	4	7	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	4	8	fill	fill	VERB
fbem-4853	4	9	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	4	10	gap	gap	NOUN
fbem-4853	4	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	5	1	based	base	VERB
fbem-4853	5	2	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	5	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	5	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	5	5	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	5	7	chinese	chinese	ADJ
fbem-4853	5	8	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	5	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	5	10	share	share	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	11	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	5	12	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	13	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	5	14	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-4853	5	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	5	16	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-4853	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	5	18	we	we	PRON
fbem-4853	5	19	empirically	empirically	ADV
fbem-4853	5	20	examines	examine	VERB
fbem-4853	5	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	5	22	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	23	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	5	24	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	25	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	26	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	27	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	5	28	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	5	29	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	30	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	5	32	using	use	VERB
fbem-4853	5	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	5	34	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-4853	5	35	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	36	presented	present	VERB
fbem-4853	5	37	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	5	38	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	5	39	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	5	40	statements	statement	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	41	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	5	42	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	5	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	6	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	2	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	5	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	6	found	find	VERB
fbem-4853	6	7	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	6	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	9	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	11	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	12	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	14	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	15	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	6	16	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	6	17	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	6	18	positively	positively	ADV
fbem-4853	6	19	related	relate	VERB
fbem-4853	6	20	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	6	21	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	22	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	23	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	6	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	6	26	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	27	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	28	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	29	brought	bring	VERB
fbem-4853	6	30	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	6	31	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	32	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	6	33	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	34	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	6	35	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	6	36	important	important	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	37	channel	channel	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	38	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	6	39	influence	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	6	40	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	41	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	42	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	43	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	6	44	further	further	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	45	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	46	found	find	VERB
fbem-4853	6	47	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	6	48	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	49	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	50	influence	influence	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	51	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	52	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	53	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	54	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	55	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	56	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	57	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	58	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	59	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	6	60	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	61	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	62	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	63	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	6	64	weakened	weaken	VERB
fbem-4853	6	65	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	6	66	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	67	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	68	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	69	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	6	70	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	71	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	6	72	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	73	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	6	74	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	6	75	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	7	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	7	2	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	7	4	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	7	5	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	6	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-4853	7	7	important	important	ADJ
fbem-4853	7	8	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	7	9	insights	insight	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	10	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	7	11	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	7	12	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	13	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	7	14	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	7	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	7	16	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	7	18	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	19	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	7	21	curb	curb	VERB
fbem-4853	7	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	7	23	opportunistic	opportunistic	ADJ
fbem-4853	7	24	tendency	tendency	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	7	26	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	7	28	manage	manage	VERB
fbem-4853	7	29	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	7	30	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	31	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	7	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	8	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
fbem-4853	8	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	8	3	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	8	4	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	8	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	8	6	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	8	7	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	8	9	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	8	10	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	8	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	9	1	1	1	X
fbem-4853	9	2	.	.	X
fbem-4853	9	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	4	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	9	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	9	6	development	development	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	9	8	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	9	9	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	9	10	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	11	economy	economy	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	9	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	9	14	generation	generation	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	9	16	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	17	risks	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	9	19	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	9	20	large	large	ADJ
fbem-4853	9	21	number	number	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	9	23	uncertainties	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	24	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	9	25	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
fbem-4853	9	26	present	present	ADJ
fbem-4853	9	27	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	9	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	9	29	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	30	activities	activity	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	31	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	9	32	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	9	34	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	9	35	have	have	VERB
fbem-4853	9	36	many	many	ADJ
fbem-4853	9	37	unnoticeable	unnoticeable	ADJ
fbem-4853	9	38	effects	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	39	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	9	40	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	9	41	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	9	42	position	position	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	9	44	operating	operating	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	45	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	46	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	9	47	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	9	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	1	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	3	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	10	4	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	10	5	collective	collective	ADJ
fbem-4853	10	6	term	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	7	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	10	8	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	10	9	series	series	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	10	11	uncertainties	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	13	mainly	mainly	ADV
fbem-4853	10	14	include	include	VERB
fbem-4853	10	15	pending	pende	VERB
fbem-4853	10	16	litigation	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	17	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-4853	10	18	arbitration	arbitration	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	20	debt	debt	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	21	guarantees	guarantee	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	23	product	product	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	24	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	25	guarantees	guarantee	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	26	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	27	including	include	VERB
fbem-4853	10	28	product	product	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	29	safety	safety	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	30	guarantees	guarantee	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	31	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	33	commitments	commitment	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	35	loss	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	36	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	37	making	make	VERB
fbem-4853	10	38	contracts	contract	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	40	restructuring	restructure	VERB
fbem-4853	10	41	obligations	obligation	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	10	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	10	44	environmental	environmental	ADJ
fbem-4853	10	45	pollution	pollution	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	46	remediation	remediation	NOUN
fbem-4853	10	47	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	11	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	11	2	order	order	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	3	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	11	4	fully	fully	ADV
fbem-4853	11	5	disclose	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	11	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	11	7	potential	potential	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	8	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	11	10	these	these	DET
fbem-4853	11	11	events	event	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	12	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	11	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	11	14	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	15	position	position	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	11	17	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	11	19	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	11	20	grasp	grasp	VERB
fbem-4853	11	21	such	such	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	22	uncertainties	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	23	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	11	24	help	help	VERB
fbem-4853	11	25	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	26	make	make	VERB
fbem-4853	11	27	relevant	relevant	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	28	decisions	decision	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	11	30	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	11	31	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	11	32	necessary	necessary	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	33	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	11	34	study	study	VERB
fbem-4853	11	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	11	36	regulate	regulate	VERB
fbem-4853	11	37	these	these	DET
fbem-4853	11	38	complex	complex	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	39	events	event	NOUN
fbem-4853	11	40	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	11	41	present	present	ADJ
fbem-4853	11	42	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	12	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	12	2	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	12	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	12	5	development	development	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	12	7	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	8	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	12	9	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	12	11	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	12	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	12	13	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	12	14	policies	policy	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	15	prior	prior	ADV
fbem-4853	12	16	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	12	17	2000	2000	NUM
fbem-4853	12	18	lacked	lack	VERB
fbem-4853	12	19	clear	clear	ADJ
fbem-4853	12	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	12	21	specific	specific	ADJ
fbem-4853	12	22	provisions	provision	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	23	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	12	24	most	most	ADJ
fbem-4853	12	25	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	12	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	13	1	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	13	2	was	be	AUX
fbem-4853	13	3	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	13	4	until	until	ADP
fbem-4853	13	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	13	6	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	7	law	law	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	13	9	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	13	10	was	be	AUX
fbem-4853	13	11	revamped	revamp	VERB
fbem-4853	13	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	13	13	1999	1999	NUM
fbem-4853	13	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	13	15	became	become	VERB
fbem-4853	13	16	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	13	17	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	13	18	july	july	PROPN
fbem-4853	13	19	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	13	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	13	21	2000	2000	NUM
fbem-4853	13	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	13	23	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	13	24	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	13	25	was	be	AUX
fbem-4853	13	26	clearly	clearly	ADV
fbem-4853	13	27	stated	state	VERB
fbem-4853	13	28	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	13	29	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	13	30	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	31	such	such	ADJ
fbem-4853	13	32	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	13	33	guarantees	guarantee	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	34	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	13	35	pending	pende	VERB
fbem-4853	13	36	litigation	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	37	provided	provide	VERB
fbem-4853	13	38	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	13	39	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	13	40	entity	entity	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	41	shall	shall	AUX
fbem-4853	13	42	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	13	43	accounted	account	VERB
fbem-4853	13	44	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	13	45	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	13	46	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	13	47	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	13	48	report	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	49	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	13	50	accordance	accordance	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	51	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	13	52	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	13	53	provisions	provision	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	54	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	13	55	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	13	56	unified	unified	ADJ
fbem-4853	13	57	national	national	ADJ
fbem-4853	13	58	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	59	system	system	NOUN
fbem-4853	13	60	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	13	61	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	14	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
fbem-4853	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	14	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	14	4	april	april	PROPN
fbem-4853	14	5	2000	2000	NUM
fbem-4853	14	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	14	7	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	14	8	first	first	ADV
fbem-4853	14	9	established	establish	VERB
fbem-4853	14	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	14	11	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	14	12	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	14	13	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	14	14	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	14	15	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	14	16	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	14	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	14	18	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	14	19	became	become	VERB
fbem-4853	14	20	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	14	21	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	14	22	july	july	PROPN
fbem-4853	14	23	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	14	25	2000	2000	NUM
fbem-4853	14	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	15	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	15	2	february	february	PROPN
fbem-4853	15	3	2006	2006	NUM
fbem-4853	15	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	15	5	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	15	6	reissued	reissue	VERB
fbem-4853	15	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	15	8	revised	revised	ADJ
fbem-4853	15	9	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	15	10	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	15	11	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	15	12	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	15	13	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	15	14	no.13	no.13	NOUN
fbem-4853	15	15	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	15	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	15	17	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	15	18	was	be	AUX
fbem-4853	15	19	formally	formally	ADV
fbem-4853	15	20	implemented	implement	VERB
fbem-4853	15	21	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	15	22	january	january	PROPN
fbem-4853	15	23	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	15	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	15	25	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-4853	15	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	2	changes	change	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	3	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	16	4	exist	exist	VERB
fbem-4853	16	5	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	16	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	7	new	new	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	8	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	9	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	10	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	16	11	no.13	no.13	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	12	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	13	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	16	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	16	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	17	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	16	18	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	19	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	20	issued	issue	VERB
fbem-4853	16	21	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	16	22	2000	2000	NUM
fbem-4853	16	23	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	16	24	mainly	mainly	ADV
fbem-4853	16	25	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	16	26	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	27	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	16	28	aspects	aspect	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	29	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	31	original	original	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	32	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	33	only	only	ADV
fbem-4853	16	34	made	make	VERB
fbem-4853	16	35	initial	initial	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	36	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	16	38	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	39	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	40	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	16	41	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	42	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	16	43	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	44	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	45	i.e.	i.e.	X
fbem-4853	16	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	47	according	accord	VERB
fbem-4853	16	48	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	16	49	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	50	best	good	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	51	estimate	estimate	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	52	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	16	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	54	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	55	required	require	VERB
fbem-4853	16	56	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	16	57	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
fbem-4853	16	58	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	59	relevant	relevant	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	60	present	present	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	61	obligation	obligation	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	62	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	63	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-4853	16	64	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	65	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-4853	16	66	no.13	no.13	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	67	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	68	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	16	69	divides	divide	VERB
fbem-4853	16	70	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	71	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	72	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	16	73	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	16	74	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	16	75	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	76	into	into	ADP
fbem-4853	16	77	initial	initial	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	78	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	79	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	16	80	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
fbem-4853	16	81	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	16	82	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	17	1	initial	initial	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	2	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	3	refers	refer	VERB
fbem-4853	17	4	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	17	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	6	presentation	presentation	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	17	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	9	best	good	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	10	estimate	estimate	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	17	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	13	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	14	required	require	VERB
fbem-4853	17	15	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	17	16	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
fbem-4853	17	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	18	relevant	relevant	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	19	present	present	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	20	obligation	obligation	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	17	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	23	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	17	25	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	17	26	take	take	VERB
fbem-4853	17	27	into	into	ADP
fbem-4853	17	28	account	account	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	29	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	30	risks	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	31	associated	associate	VERB
fbem-4853	17	32	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	17	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	34	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	17	36	uncertainties	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	37	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	17	38	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	39	time	time	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	40	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	41	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	17	42	money	money	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	17	44	etc	etc	X
fbem-4853	17	45	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	17	46	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	47	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	48	refers	refer	VERB
fbem-4853	17	49	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	17	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	51	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	52	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	17	53	review	review	VERB
fbem-4853	17	54	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	55	book	book	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	56	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	57	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	17	58	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	59	estimated	estimate	VERB
fbem-4853	17	60	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	61	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	17	62	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	63	end	end	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	64	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	17	65	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	66	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	67	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	68	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	17	69	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	17	70	if	if	SCONJ
fbem-4853	17	71	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	17	72	is	be	VERB
fbem-4853	17	73	conclusive	conclusive	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	74	evidence	evidence	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	75	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	17	76	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	77	book	book	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	78	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	79	does	do	AUX
fbem-4853	17	80	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	17	81	truly	truly	ADV
fbem-4853	17	82	reflect	reflect	VERB
fbem-4853	17	83	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	84	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	85	best	good	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	86	estimate	estimate	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	87	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	17	88	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	89	book	book	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	90	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	91	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	17	92	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	17	93	adjusted	adjust	VERB
fbem-4853	17	94	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	17	95	accordance	accordance	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	96	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	17	97	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	17	98	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	99	best	good	ADJ
fbem-4853	17	100	estimate	estimate	NOUN
fbem-4853	17	101	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	18	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	18	2	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	3	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	18	4	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	18	5	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	18	7	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	8	reflects	reflect	VERB
fbem-4853	18	9	convergence	convergence	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	10	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	18	11	international	international	ADJ
fbem-4853	18	12	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	13	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	14	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	18	15	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	18	17	concepts	concept	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	18	19	recognition	recognition	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	20	conditions	condition	NOUN
fbem-4853	18	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	1	international	international	ADJ
fbem-4853	19	2	accounting	accounting	PROPN
fbem-4853	19	3	standard	standard	PROPN
fbem-4853	19	4	no.37	no.37	PROPN
fbem-4853	19	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	6	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	7	provisions	provision	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	9	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	19	10	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	19	12	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	19	13	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	14	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	16	known	know	VERB
fbem-4853	19	17	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	19	18	ias	ias	PROPN
fbem-4853	19	19	37	37	NUM
fbem-4853	19	20	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	21	introduces	introduce	VERB
fbem-4853	19	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	19	23	term	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	24	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	25	provisions	provision	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	26	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	28	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	19	29	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	19	30	similar	similar	ADJ
fbem-4853	19	31	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	19	32	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	19	33	term	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	34	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	35	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-4853	19	36	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	37	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	38	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	19	39	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	19	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	41	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	19	42	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	19	43	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	19	44	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	19	45	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	19	46	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	19	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	19	48	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	49	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	50	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	19	51	order	order	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	52	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	19	53	strictly	strictly	ADV
fbem-4853	19	54	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
fbem-4853	19	55	them	they	PRON
fbem-4853	19	56	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	19	57	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	58	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	19	59	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	19	60	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	19	61	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	19	62	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	19	63	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	19	64	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	19	65	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	20	1	events	event	NOUN
fbem-4853	20	2	such	such	ADJ
fbem-4853	20	3	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	20	4	these	these	PRON
fbem-4853	20	5	reported	report	VERB
fbem-4853	20	6	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	20	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	20	8	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	20	9	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	20	10	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	20	11	directly	directly	ADV
fbem-4853	20	12	affect	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	20	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	20	14	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	20	15	position	position	NOUN
fbem-4853	20	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	20	17	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	20	18	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	20	19	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	21	1	since	since	SCONJ
fbem-4853	21	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	21	3	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	4	law	law	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	5	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
fbem-4853	21	6	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	21	7	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	21	8	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	21	9	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	10	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	21	11	allowed	allow	VERB
fbem-4853	21	12	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	21	13	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	21	14	pre	pre	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	15	-	-	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	16	tax	tax	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	17	deduction	deduction	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	18	only	only	ADV
fbem-4853	21	19	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-4853	21	20	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	21	21	loss	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	22	associated	associate	VERB
fbem-4853	21	23	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	21	24	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	21	25	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	21	26	actually	actually	ADV
fbem-4853	21	27	incurred	incur	VERB
fbem-4853	21	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	21	29	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	21	30	deductible	deductible	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	31	temporary	temporary	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	32	difference	difference	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	33	arises	arise	VERB
fbem-4853	21	34	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	21	35	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	21	36	book	book	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	37	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	21	39	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	40	basis	basis	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	21	42	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	21	43	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	21	44	turn	turn	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	45	causes	cause	VERB
fbem-4853	21	46	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	21	47	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	48	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	21	49	pay	pay	VERB
fbem-4853	21	50	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	51	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	52	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	53	expense	expense	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	54	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	21	55	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	21	56	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	21	57	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	21	58	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	22	1	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	22	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	22	3	same	same	ADJ
fbem-4853	22	4	time	time	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	22	6	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	22	7	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	22	8	possible	possible	ADJ
fbem-4853	22	9	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	22	10	events	event	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	11	disclosed	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	22	12	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	22	13	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	22	14	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	15	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	16	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	22	17	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	22	18	transferred	transfer	VERB
fbem-4853	22	19	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	22	20	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	22	21	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	22	22	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	23	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	24	recognition	recognition	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	25	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	22	26	future	future	ADJ
fbem-4853	22	27	periods	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	22	29	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
fbem-4853	22	30	affecting	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	22	31	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	22	32	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	22	33	position	position	NOUN
fbem-4853	22	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	23	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-4853	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	23	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	23	4	new	new	ADJ
fbem-4853	23	5	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	23	7	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	23	8	accurate	accurate	ADJ
fbem-4853	23	9	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	10	presentation	presentation	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	23	12	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	23	14	uncertainties	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	15	strengthens	strengthen	VERB
fbem-4853	23	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	23	17	warning	warning	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	18	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	19	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	23	20	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	23	21	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	23	22	position	position	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	23	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	23	24	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	23	26	makes	make	VERB
fbem-4853	23	27	them	they	PRON
fbem-4853	23	28	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	23	29	aware	aware	ADJ
fbem-4853	23	30	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	23	31	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	32	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	23	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	24	1	based	base	VERB
fbem-4853	24	2	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	24	3	this	this	PRON
fbem-4853	24	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	24	5	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	24	6	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	7	develops	develop	VERB
fbem-4853	24	8	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	24	9	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	10	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	24	11	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	24	12	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	13	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	14	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	15	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	24	16	taking	take	VERB
fbem-4853	24	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	24	18	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	24	20	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	21	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	22	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	23	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	24	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	24	25	113	113	NUM
fbem-4853	24	26	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	27	direction	direction	NOUN
fbem-4853	24	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	25	1	2	2	X
fbem-4853	25	2	.	.	X
fbem-4853	25	3	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-4853	25	4	review	review	NOUN
fbem-4853	25	5	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	25	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	25	7	domestic	domestic	ADJ
fbem-4853	25	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	25	9	international	international	ADJ
fbem-4853	25	10	perspective	perspective	NOUN
fbem-4853	25	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	25	12	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	25	13	are	be	VERB
fbem-4853	25	14	few	few	ADJ
fbem-4853	25	15	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	25	16	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	25	17	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	25	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	26	1	due	due	ADP
fbem-4853	26	2	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	26	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	26	4	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	26	6	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	26	7	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	26	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	26	10	standard	standard	ADJ
fbem-4853	26	11	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	26	13	most	most	ADJ
fbem-4853	26	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	26	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	26	16	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-4853	26	17	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	18	focus	focus	VERB
fbem-4853	26	19	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	26	20	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	26	21	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	22	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	26	23	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	26	24	act	act	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	26	26	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	26	27	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	28	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	26	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	26	30	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	26	31	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	26	32	consequences	consequence	NOUN
fbem-4853	26	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	27	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
fbem-4853	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	27	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	27	4	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	27	6	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	27	8	their	their	PRON
fbem-4853	27	9	severity	severity	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	10	require	require	VERB
fbem-4853	27	11	accurate	accurate	ADJ
fbem-4853	27	12	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	27	14	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-4853	27	15	reports	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	16	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	27	17	gleason	gleason	PROPN
fbem-4853	27	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	27	19	mills	mill	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	27	21	2002	2002	NUM
fbem-4853	27	22	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	27	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	27	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	27	25	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	27	26	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	27	28	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	29	governing	govern	VERB
fbem-4853	27	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	27	31	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	32	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	27	33	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	34	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	35	constrain	constrain	VERB
fbem-4853	27	36	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	37	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	27	38	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	39	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	27	40	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	28	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
fbem-4853	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	28	3	these	these	DET
fbem-4853	28	4	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	28	6	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	28	7	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	28	9	turn	turn	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	10	have	have	VERB
fbem-4853	28	11	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	28	12	series	series	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	28	14	effects	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	15	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	28	16	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	17	through	through	ADP
fbem-4853	28	18	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	28	19	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	20	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	28	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	29	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
fbem-4853	29	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	29	3	status	status	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	29	5	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	29	6	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	29	8	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	9	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	10	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	11	first	first	ADV
fbem-4853	29	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	29	13	all	all	PRON
fbem-4853	29	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	29	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	29	16	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	29	18	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	19	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	20	mainly	mainly	ADV
fbem-4853	29	21	includes	include	VERB
fbem-4853	29	22	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	29	23	forms	form	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	29	25	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	29	26	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	29	27	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	28	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	29	presentation	presentation	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	29	31	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	29	32	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	29	33	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	34	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	35	note	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	36	description	description	NOUN
fbem-4853	29	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	30	1	zhao	zhao	PROPN
fbem-4853	30	2	liping	liping	PROPN
fbem-4853	30	3	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	30	4	2008	2008	NUM
fbem-4853	30	5	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	30	6	analyzes	analyze	VERB
fbem-4853	30	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	30	8	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	30	9	status	status	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	30	11	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	30	13	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	14	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	30	16	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	30	17	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	30	19	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	30	20	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	30	21	shenzhen	shenzhen	PROPN
fbem-4853	30	22	stock	stock	PROPN
fbem-4853	30	23	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	24	through	through	ADP
fbem-4853	30	25	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	30	26	comparative	comparative	ADJ
fbem-4853	30	27	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	28	method	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	30	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	30	31	points	point	VERB
fbem-4853	30	32	out	out	ADP
fbem-4853	30	33	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	30	34	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	30	35	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	36	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	30	37	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	38	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	39	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	30	40	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	30	41	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	42	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	30	43	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	30	44	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	30	45	continue	continue	VERB
fbem-4853	30	46	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	30	47	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	30	48	improved	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	30	49	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	30	50	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	51	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	30	52	adequacy	adequacy	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	53	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	30	54	standardization	standardization	NOUN
fbem-4853	30	55	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	31	1	hennes	henne	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	2	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	31	3	2014	2014	NUM
fbem-4853	31	4	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	31	5	finds	find	VERB
fbem-4853	31	6	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	31	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	31	8	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	9	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	31	11	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	12	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	31	13	many	many	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	14	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	15	under	under	ADP
fbem-4853	31	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	31	17	new	new	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	18	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	19	does	do	AUX
fbem-4853	31	20	contain	contain	VERB
fbem-4853	31	21	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	22	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	23	useful	useful	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	24	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	31	25	assessing	assess	VERB
fbem-4853	31	26	loss	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	27	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	31	29	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-4853	31	30	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	31	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	32	have	have	VERB
fbem-4853	31	33	limited	limit	VERB
fbem-4853	31	34	detail	detail	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	31	36	statements	statement	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	37	about	about	ADP
fbem-4853	31	38	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	31	39	inestimable	inestimable	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	40	nature	nature	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	41	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	31	42	losses	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	31	44	about	about	ADP
fbem-4853	31	45	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	31	46	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	47	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	31	48	willingness	willingness	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	49	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	31	50	consider	consider	VERB
fbem-4853	31	51	settlements	settlement	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	52	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	31	53	associated	associate	VERB
fbem-4853	31	54	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	31	55	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	31	56	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	57	probability	probability	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	58	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	31	59	loss	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	60	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	31	61	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	31	62	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	31	63	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	64	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	31	65	loss	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	31	66	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	1	many	many	ADJ
fbem-4853	32	2	scholars	scholar	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	4	such	such	ADJ
fbem-4853	32	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	32	6	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	7	zijian	zijian	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	9	wang	wang	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	10	lifeng	lifeng	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	12	2010	2010	NUM
fbem-4853	32	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	15	liu	liu	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	16	xiaojie	xiaojie	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	18	su	su	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	19	ke	ke	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	20	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	21	2010	2010	NUM
fbem-4853	32	22	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	32	24	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	25	jiuju	jiuju	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	26	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	27	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-4853	32	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	30	analyzed	analyze	VERB
fbem-4853	32	31	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	32	32	problems	problem	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	33	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	34	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	32	35	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	36	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	38	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	39	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	32	40	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	32	41	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	32	42	detailed	detailed	ADJ
fbem-4853	32	43	perspective	perspective	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	44	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	45	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	32	46	gave	give	VERB
fbem-4853	32	47	targeted	target	VERB
fbem-4853	32	48	opinions	opinion	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	49	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	32	50	how	how	SCONJ
fbem-4853	32	51	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	32	52	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	32	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	32	54	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	55	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	56	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	57	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	58	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	59	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	60	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	32	61	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	62	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	32	63	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	32	64	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	65	including	include	VERB
fbem-4853	32	66	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-4853	32	67	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	32	68	governance	governance	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	69	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	70	formulating	formulate	VERB
fbem-4853	32	71	legal	legal	ADJ
fbem-4853	32	72	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	73	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	74	enhancing	enhance	VERB
fbem-4853	32	75	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	32	76	strength	strength	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	77	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	78	auditing	auditing	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	79	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	80	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
fbem-4853	32	81	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	32	82	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	83	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	84	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	85	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	32	86	improving	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	32	87	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	32	88	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	89	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	32	90	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	32	91	staff	staff	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	92	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	32	93	perfecting	perfect	VERB
fbem-4853	32	94	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	32	95	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	96	system	system	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	97	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	32	98	standardize	standardize	VERB
fbem-4853	32	99	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	100	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	32	101	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	33	1	second	second	ADJ
fbem-4853	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	33	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	33	4	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	33	6	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	33	7	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	33	9	abernethy	abernethy	ADJ
fbem-4853	33	10	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	33	11	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	33	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	33	13	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	33	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	33	15	argue	argue	VERB
fbem-4853	33	16	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	33	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	33	18	new	new	ADJ
fbem-4853	33	19	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	20	imposes	impose	VERB
fbem-4853	33	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	33	22	obligation	obligation	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	23	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	33	24	disclose	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	33	25	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	33	27	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-4853	33	28	does	do	AUX
fbem-4853	33	29	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	33	30	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-4853	33	31	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	33	32	clear	clear	ADJ
fbem-4853	33	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	33	34	detailed	detailed	ADJ
fbem-4853	33	35	definition	definition	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	36	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	33	37	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	33	38	form	form	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	39	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	33	40	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	41	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	42	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	33	44	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	33	45	preconditions	precondition	NOUN
fbem-4853	33	46	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	34	1	together	together	ADV
fbem-4853	34	2	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	34	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	34	4	fact	fact	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	5	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	34	6	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	7	presented	present	VERB
fbem-4853	34	8	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	34	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	34	10	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	11	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	12	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	34	13	directly	directly	ADV
fbem-4853	34	14	affect	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	34	15	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	16	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	34	17	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	18	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	19	indicators	indicator	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	34	21	have	have	VERB
fbem-4853	34	22	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	34	23	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	34	24	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	34	25	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	26	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	34	27	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	34	29	so	so	SCONJ
fbem-4853	34	30	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	31	has	have	VERB
fbem-4853	34	32	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	34	33	incentive	incentive	NOUN
fbem-4853	34	34	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	34	35	manipulate	manipulate	VERB
fbem-4853	34	36	them	they	PRON
fbem-4853	34	37	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	35	1	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	35	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	35	3	same	same	ADJ
fbem-4853	35	4	time	time	NOUN
fbem-4853	35	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	35	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	35	7	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	35	8	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	35	9	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	35	10	xiaolin	xiaolin	PROPN
fbem-4853	35	11	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	35	12	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	35	13	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	36	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	36	2	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-4853	36	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	36	4	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	36	5	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	36	6	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	36	7	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	36	8	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	36	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	36	10	volatility	volatility	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	36	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	36	13	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	36	14	environment	environment	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	36	16	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	36	17	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	36	18	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	36	19	scope	scope	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	20	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	36	21	ruling	ruling	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	36	23	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	36	25	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	26	power	power	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	27	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	36	28	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	29	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	30	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	36	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	36	33	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	36	34	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-4853	36	35	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	36	36	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-4853	36	37	number	number	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	38	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	36	39	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	36	40	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	41	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	42	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	36	43	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	37	2	dunli	dunli	PROPN
fbem-4853	37	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	37	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	37	5	ting	ting	PROPN
fbem-4853	37	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	7	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-4853	37	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	9	further	far	ADV
fbem-4853	37	10	confirmed	confirm	VERB
fbem-4853	37	11	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	37	12	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	13	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	14	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	15	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	37	16	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	37	17	tool	tool	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	18	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	37	19	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	20	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	37	21	self	self	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	22	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	23	interest	interest	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	24	motive	motive	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	37	26	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	27	power	power	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	28	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	37	29	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	37	30	negatively	negatively	ADV
fbem-4853	37	31	related	relate	VERB
fbem-4853	37	32	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	37	33	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	37	34	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	35	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	36	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	37	presentation	presentation	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	38	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	37	39	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	37	40	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	42	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-4853	37	43	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	37	44	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	37	45	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	37	46	positively	positively	ADV
fbem-4853	37	47	related	relate	VERB
fbem-4853	37	48	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	37	49	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	37	50	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	37	51	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	52	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	53	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	54	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	37	55	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	37	56	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	37	57	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	38	2	addition	addition	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	38	5	ting	ting	PROPN
fbem-4853	38	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	38	7	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	38	8	dunli	dunli	PROPN
fbem-4853	38	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	10	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-4853	38	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	12	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	38	13	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	38	14	through	through	ADP
fbem-4853	38	15	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	38	16	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	38	17	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	18	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	38	19	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	38	20	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	38	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	22	auditor	auditor	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	23	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	38	24	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	25	expertise	expertise	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	27	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	38	28	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	38	29	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	30	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	31	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	38	32	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-4853	38	33	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	34	presented	present	VERB
fbem-4853	38	35	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	38	36	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	37	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	38	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	39	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	38	40	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	38	41	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	38	42	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	43	frequency	frequency	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	44	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	38	45	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	46	disclosed	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	38	47	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	38	48	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	49	offbalance	offbalance	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	50	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	51	notes	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	52	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	38	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	54	audited	audit	VERB
fbem-4853	38	55	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	56	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	57	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
fbem-4853	38	58	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	59	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	38	60	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	38	61	important	important	ADJ
fbem-4853	38	62	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	63	client	client	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	64	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	38	65	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	38	66	stronger	strong	ADJ
fbem-4853	38	67	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	68	promotion	promotion	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	69	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	70	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	38	71	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	72	auditor	auditor	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	73	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	38	74	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	75	expertise	expertise	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	76	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	38	77	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	78	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	79	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	38	80	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	81	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	38	82	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	38	83	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	38	84	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	39	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	39	2	summary	summary	NOUN
fbem-4853	39	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	39	4	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	39	5	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	39	6	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	39	7	seen	see	VERB
fbem-4853	39	8	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	39	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	39	10	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	39	11	system	system	NOUN
fbem-4853	39	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	39	13	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	39	14	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	39	15	under	under	ADP
fbem-4853	39	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	39	17	new	new	ADJ
fbem-4853	39	18	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	39	19	still	still	ADV
fbem-4853	39	20	has	have	VERB
fbem-4853	39	21	some	some	DET
fbem-4853	39	22	problems	problem	NOUN
fbem-4853	39	23	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	39	24	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	39	25	improved	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	39	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	40	1	although	although	SCONJ
fbem-4853	40	2	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	3	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	4	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	40	5	influence	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	40	6	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	7	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	8	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	40	9	after	after	ADP
fbem-4853	40	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	40	11	fact	fact	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	12	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	40	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	40	14	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	15	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	40	16	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	17	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	40	18	still	still	ADV
fbem-4853	40	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	40	20	main	main	ADJ
fbem-4853	40	21	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	40	22	before	before	SCONJ
fbem-4853	40	23	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	40	24	fact	fact	NOUN
fbem-4853	40	25	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	40	26	determinant	determinant	ADJ
fbem-4853	40	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	41	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
fbem-4853	41	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	42	1	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	42	2	consequences	consequence	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	42	4	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	5	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	6	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	7	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	8	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	42	9	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	42	10	estimate	estimate	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	42	12	future	future	ADJ
fbem-4853	42	13	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	42	14	events	event	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	15	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	42	16	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	42	18	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	42	19	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	42	20	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	42	21	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	42	22	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	42	23	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	42	24	some	some	DET
fbem-4853	42	25	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	26	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	42	27	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	42	28	future	future	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	42	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	42	31	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	32	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	42	33	thus	thus	ADV
fbem-4853	42	34	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	42	35	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	36	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	42	37	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	38	has	have	AUX
fbem-4853	42	39	been	be	AUX
fbem-4853	42	40	paid	pay	VERB
fbem-4853	42	41	attention	attention	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	42	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	42	43	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	44	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	42	45	regulators	regulator	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	46	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	42	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	42	48	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	49	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	42	50	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	43	1	first	first	ADV
fbem-4853	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	43	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	43	4	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	43	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	43	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	43	7	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	43	8	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	43	9	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	43	10	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	43	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	43	12	ma	ma	PROPN
fbem-4853	43	13	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	43	14	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	43	15	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	43	16	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	44	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	44	2	2011	2011	NUM
fbem-4853	44	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	44	4	argue	argue	VERB
fbem-4853	44	5	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	44	6	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	44	7	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	8	indicate	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	44	9	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	44	10	increase	increase	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	44	12	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	44	14	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	44	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	44	17	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	18	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	44	19	future	future	ADJ
fbem-4853	44	20	operations	operation	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	44	22	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	44	23	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	44	24	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	44	25	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	44	26	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	27	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	44	28	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	29	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	44	30	absorb	absorb	VERB
fbem-4853	44	31	funds	fund	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	32	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	44	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	44	34	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	35	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	44	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	45	1	second	second	ADJ
fbem-4853	45	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	45	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	45	4	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	45	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	45	7	link	link	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	8	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	45	9	analysts	analyst	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	10	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	45	11	forecasting	forecasting	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	12	ability	ability	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	45	14	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	15	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	45	16	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	45	17	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	45	18	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	45	19	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	45	20	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	45	21	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	46	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	46	2	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	46	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	46	4	examine	examine	VERB
fbem-4853	46	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	46	6	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	46	9	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	11	detail	detail	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	13	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	14	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	15	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	16	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	46	17	analysts	analyst	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	18	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	46	19	forecasts	forecast	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	46	21	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	46	22	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	46	23	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	46	24	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	46	25	detailed	detailed	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	26	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	46	27	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	29	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	30	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	46	32	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	46	33	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	34	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	46	35	divergence	divergence	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	36	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	37	analysts	analyst	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	38	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	46	39	surplus	surplus	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	40	forecasts	forecast	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	46	42	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	46	43	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	46	44	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	45	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	46	46	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	47	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	48	star	star	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	49	analysts	analyst	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	50	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	46	51	surplus	surplus	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	52	forecasts	forecast	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	53	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	46	54	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-4853	46	55	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	46	56	is	be	VERB
fbem-4853	46	57	no	no	DET
fbem-4853	46	58	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	59	correlation	correlation	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	60	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	46	61	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	46	62	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	63	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	46	64	non	non	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	65	-	-	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	66	star	star	ADJ
fbem-4853	46	67	analysts	analyst	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	68	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	46	69	surplus	surplus	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	70	forecasts	forecast	NOUN
fbem-4853	46	71	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
fbem-4853	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	3	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	47	4	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	47	5	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	47	6	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	47	7	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	47	8	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	9	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-4853	47	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	11	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	47	12	study	study	VERB
fbem-4853	47	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	47	14	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	15	correlation	correlation	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	16	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	47	17	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	47	18	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	47	20	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	21	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	22	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	47	23	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	47	25	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	26	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	27	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	28	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	30	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	47	31	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	47	32	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	47	33	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	47	34	onbalance	onbalance	ADJ
fbem-4853	47	35	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	36	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	47	37	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	47	38	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	39	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	47	40	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	47	41	negatively	negatively	ADV
fbem-4853	47	42	correlated	correlate	VERB
fbem-4853	47	43	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	47	44	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	45	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	46	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	47	47	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
fbem-4853	47	48	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	49	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	50	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	51	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-4853	47	52	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	47	53	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	47	54	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	55	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	56	notes	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	57	disclosed	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	47	58	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	47	59	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	60	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	47	61	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	47	62	positively	positively	ADV
fbem-4853	47	63	correlated	correlate	VERB
fbem-4853	47	64	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	47	65	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	66	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	67	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	47	68	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
fbem-4853	47	69	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	70	rates	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	47	71	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	48	1	banks	bank	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	48	3	kinney	kinney	PROPN
fbem-4853	48	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	48	5	1982	1982	NUM
fbem-4853	48	6	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	48	7	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	48	8	study	study	VERB
fbem-4853	48	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	48	10	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	48	12	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	13	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	48	14	relation	relation	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	48	16	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	17	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	48	19	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	48	20	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	48	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	48	23	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	48	24	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	48	25	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	48	26	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	48	27	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	48	29	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	48	30	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	31	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	48	32	immediately	immediately	ADV
fbem-4853	48	33	absorbed	absorb	VERB
fbem-4853	48	34	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	48	35	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	36	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	48	38	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	48	39	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	48	40	turn	turn	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	41	generates	generate	VERB
fbem-4853	48	42	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	48	43	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-4853	48	44	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	48	45	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	46	reaction	reaction	NOUN
fbem-4853	48	47	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	49	1	since	since	SCONJ
fbem-4853	49	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	3	full	full	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	4	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	5	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	49	6	disclosed	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	49	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	49	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	9	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	10	report	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	11	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	49	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	13	regulators	regulator	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	14	require	require	VERB
fbem-4853	49	15	separate	separate	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	16	announcements	announcement	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	17	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	49	18	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	19	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	49	21	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	49	22	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	49	23	examine	examine	VERB
fbem-4853	49	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	25	difference	difference	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	26	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	49	27	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	28	reaction	reaction	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	29	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	49	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	31	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	32	report	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	33	announcements	announcement	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	34	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	49	35	separate	separate	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	36	announcements	announcement	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	37	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	49	38	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	49	39	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	49	40	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	41	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	42	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	43	reaction	reaction	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	44	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	49	45	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	46	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	49	47	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	48	disclosed	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	49	49	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	49	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	49	51	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-4853	49	52	report	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	53	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	49	54	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	49	55	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	56	announcements	announcement	NOUN
fbem-4853	49	57	disclosed	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	49	58	separately	separately	ADV
fbem-4853	49	59	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	50	1	then	then	ADV
fbem-4853	50	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	50	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	50	4	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	50	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	50	7	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	8	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	50	9	firm	firm	ADJ
fbem-4853	50	10	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	50	12	gleason	gleason	PROPN
fbem-4853	50	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	50	14	mills	mill	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	50	16	2002	2002	NUM
fbem-4853	50	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	50	18	argue	argue	VERB
fbem-4853	50	19	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	50	20	investors	investor	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	21	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	50	22	pull	pull	VERB
fbem-4853	50	23	back	back	ADP
fbem-4853	50	24	funds	fund	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	25	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	50	26	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	27	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	50	28	disclose	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	50	29	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	50	30	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	50	32	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
fbem-4853	50	33	invest	invest	VERB
fbem-4853	50	34	them	they	PRON
fbem-4853	50	35	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	50	36	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	37	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	50	38	less	less	ADJ
fbem-4853	50	39	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	40	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	50	41	no	no	DET
fbem-4853	50	42	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	50	43	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	44	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	50	45	thereby	thereby	ADV
fbem-4853	50	46	damaging	damage	VERB
fbem-4853	50	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	50	48	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	49	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	50	50	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	51	position	position	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	52	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	50	53	114	114	NUM
fbem-4853	50	54	firm	firm	ADJ
fbem-4853	50	55	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	50	56	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	51	1	next	next	ADV
fbem-4853	51	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	51	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	51	4	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	51	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	51	7	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	8	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	51	9	surplus	surplus	ADJ
fbem-4853	51	10	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	51	12	kasznik	kasznik	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	51	14	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	51	16	1995	1995	NUM
fbem-4853	51	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	51	18	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	51	19	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	51	20	bad	bad	ADJ
fbem-4853	51	21	news	news	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	22	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	23	make	make	VERB
fbem-4853	51	24	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	51	25	manipulable	manipulable	ADJ
fbem-4853	51	26	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	27	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	51	28	good	good	ADJ
fbem-4853	51	29	news	news	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	30	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	51	31	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	52	1	this	this	PRON
fbem-4853	52	2	confirms	confirm	VERB
fbem-4853	52	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	52	4	speculation	speculation	NOUN
fbem-4853	52	5	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	52	6	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	52	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	52	8	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	52	9	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	52	10	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	52	11	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	52	12	used	use	VERB
fbem-4853	52	13	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	52	14	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	52	15	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	52	16	surplus	surplus	ADJ
fbem-4853	52	17	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	52	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	1	finally	finally	ADV
fbem-4853	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	53	4	terms	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	53	6	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	7	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	53	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	53	9	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	11	koprowski	koprowski	PROPN
fbem-4853	53	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	13	2009	2009	NUM
fbem-4853	53	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	15	argues	argue	VERB
fbem-4853	53	16	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	53	17	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-4853	53	18	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	19	receive	receive	VERB
fbem-4853	53	20	extra	extra	ADJ
fbem-4853	53	21	attention	attention	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	22	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	53	23	auditors	auditor	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	25	who	who	PRON
fbem-4853	53	26	usually	usually	ADV
fbem-4853	53	27	take	take	VERB
fbem-4853	53	28	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	53	29	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	53	30	cautious	cautious	ADJ
fbem-4853	53	31	approach	approach	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	32	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	53	33	order	order	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	34	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	53	35	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	53	36	their	their	PRON
fbem-4853	53	37	own	own	ADJ
fbem-4853	53	38	litigation	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	39	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	53	41	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	53	42	affects	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	53	43	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	53	44	type	type	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	45	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	53	46	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	47	opinion	opinion	NOUN
fbem-4853	53	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	54	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	54	2	summary	summary	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	54	4	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	54	5	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	54	6	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	54	7	seen	see	VERB
fbem-4853	54	8	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	54	9	although	although	SCONJ
fbem-4853	54	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	54	11	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	54	13	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	54	14	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	15	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	54	16	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	54	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	54	18	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	54	20	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	21	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	54	23	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	54	24	inherent	inherent	ADJ
fbem-4853	54	25	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	54	27	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	28	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	54	29	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	30	attributes	attribute	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	31	still	still	ADV
fbem-4853	54	32	have	have	VERB
fbem-4853	54	33	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	54	34	very	very	ADV
fbem-4853	54	35	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-4853	54	36	adverse	adverse	ADJ
fbem-4853	54	37	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	38	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	54	39	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	54	40	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	54	41	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	55	1	3	3	X
fbem-4853	55	2	.	.	X
fbem-4853	55	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	4	development	development	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	5	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	55	7	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	55	8	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	55	9	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
fbem-4853	55	10	factor	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	55	12	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	55	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	55	14	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	55	16	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	55	17	risks	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	55	19	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	55	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	56	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	56	2	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	3	prevention	prevention	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	4	purposes	purpose	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	56	6	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	7	have	have	VERB
fbem-4853	56	8	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	56	9	tendency	tendency	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	10	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	56	11	engage	engage	VERB
fbem-4853	56	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	56	13	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	14	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	15	activities	activity	NOUN
fbem-4853	56	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	57	1	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	57	2	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	3	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	57	4	shen	shen	PROPN
fbem-4853	57	5	huihui	huihui	PROPN
fbem-4853	57	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	57	7	2010	2010	NUM
fbem-4853	57	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	57	9	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	57	10	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	57	11	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	57	13	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	57	14	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	57	15	shows	show	VERB
fbem-4853	57	16	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	57	17	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-4853	57	18	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	57	19	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	57	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	57	22	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	23	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	57	24	environment	environment	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	25	increases	increase	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	57	27	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	57	28	motivation	motivation	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	29	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	57	30	surplus	surplus	ADJ
fbem-4853	57	31	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	32	becomes	become	VERB
fbem-4853	57	33	stronger	strong	ADJ
fbem-4853	57	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	57	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	57	36	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	37	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	38	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	57	39	exactly	exactly	ADV
fbem-4853	57	40	one	one	NUM
fbem-4853	57	41	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	57	42	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	57	43	purposes	purpose	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	44	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	57	45	means	mean	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	46	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	57	47	surplus	surplus	ADJ
fbem-4853	57	48	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	57	49	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	1	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	58	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	58	3	specific	specific	ADJ
fbem-4853	58	4	reasons	reason	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	6	first	first	ADV
fbem-4853	58	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	58	8	all	all	PRON
fbem-4853	58	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	10	according	accord	VERB
fbem-4853	58	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	58	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	58	13	prudence	prudence	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	14	principle	principle	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	58	17	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	58	18	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	58	20	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	21	need	need	VERB
fbem-4853	58	22	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	58	23	meet	meet	VERB
fbem-4853	58	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	58	25	condition	condition	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	58	27	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	28	substantial	substantial	ADJ
fbem-4853	58	29	certainty	certainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	30	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	31	before	before	SCONJ
fbem-4853	58	32	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	58	33	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	58	34	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	58	35	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	58	36	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	38	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-4853	58	39	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	58	40	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	58	41	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	42	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	58	43	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	58	44	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	58	45	as	as	ADV
fbem-4853	58	46	soon	soon	ADV
fbem-4853	58	47	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-4853	58	48	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	58	49	meet	meet	VERB
fbem-4853	58	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	58	51	condition	condition	NOUN
fbem-4853	58	52	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	58	53	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	54	probable	probable	ADJ
fbem-4853	58	55	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	58	56	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	59	1	however	however	ADV
fbem-4853	59	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	59	3	these	these	DET
fbem-4853	59	4	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	59	5	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	59	6	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	7	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	59	8	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	59	9	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	59	10	under	under	ADP
fbem-4853	59	11	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	59	12	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	13	law	law	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	59	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	59	16	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-4853	59	17	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	59	18	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	19	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	20	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	59	21	paid	pay	VERB
fbem-4853	59	22	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	59	23	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	59	24	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	59	25	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	26	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	59	27	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	28	purposes	purpose	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	29	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	59	30	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	59	31	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	32	purposes	purpose	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	59	34	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	59	35	directly	directly	ADV
fbem-4853	59	36	reduces	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	59	37	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	59	38	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	39	flow	flow	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	40	available	available	ADJ
fbem-4853	59	41	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	59	42	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	59	43	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	59	44	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	60	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
fbem-4853	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	60	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	4	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	5	occupied	occupy	VERB
fbem-4853	60	6	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	60	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	8	contingent	contingent	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	9	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	10	makes	make	VERB
fbem-4853	60	11	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	60	12	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	60	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
fbem-4853	60	14	for	for	SCONJ
fbem-4853	60	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	16	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	17	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	60	18	allocate	allocate	VERB
fbem-4853	60	19	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	60	21	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	60	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	23	level	level	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	60	25	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	26	premium	premium	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	27	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	60	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	29	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	30	asset	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	31	pricing	pricing	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	32	model	model	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	33	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	60	34	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	60	35	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
fbem-4853	60	36	leads	lead	VERB
fbem-4853	60	37	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	60	38	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	60	39	decline	decline	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	40	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	60	41	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	42	overall	overall	ADJ
fbem-4853	60	43	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	44	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	45	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	60	46	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	60	47	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	60	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	1	finally	finally	ADV
fbem-4853	61	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	3	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	4	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	5	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	61	6	affects	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	61	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	8	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	9	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	61	10	image	image	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	12	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	61	13	then	then	ADV
fbem-4853	61	14	affects	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	61	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	16	decision	decision	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	17	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	18	making	make	VERB
fbem-4853	61	19	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	61	21	report	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	22	users	user	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	24	because	because	SCONJ
fbem-4853	61	25	investors	investor	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	26	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	61	27	identify	identify	VERB
fbem-4853	61	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	29	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	30	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	61	31	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	32	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	61	33	influence	influence	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	34	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	61	35	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	36	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	37	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	38	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	61	39	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	40	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	41	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	61	42	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	43	report	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	44	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	61	45	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	61	46	their	their	PRON
fbem-4853	61	47	confidence	confidence	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	48	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	61	49	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	50	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	51	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	52	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	61	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	54	same	same	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	55	time	time	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	56	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	57	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	58	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	59	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	61	60	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	61	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	62	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	61	63	affects	affect	VERB
fbem-4853	61	64	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	65	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	61	66	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	67	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	68	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	69	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	61	70	example	example	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	71	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	72	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	61	73	frequency	frequency	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	74	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	61	75	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	61	76	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	77	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	78	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	79	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	80	note	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	81	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	82	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	61	83	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	84	fees	fee	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	85	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	61	86	reduces	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	61	87	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	88	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	61	89	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	90	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	91	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	92	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	93	dai	dai	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	94	deming	deming	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	95	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	96	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	97	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	61	98	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	99	2016	2016	NUM
fbem-4853	61	100	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	61	101	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	62	1	all	all	DET
fbem-4853	62	2	these	these	DET
fbem-4853	62	3	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	4	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	62	5	damage	damage	VERB
fbem-4853	62	6	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	62	7	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	8	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	62	9	induce	induce	VERB
fbem-4853	62	10	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	11	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	62	12	increase	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	62	13	after	after	ADP
fbem-4853	62	14	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	62	15	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	16	profits	profit	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	17	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	62	18	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	62	19	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	62	20	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	21	through	through	ADP
fbem-4853	62	22	complex	complex	ADJ
fbem-4853	62	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	62	24	ambiguous	ambiguous	ADJ
fbem-4853	62	25	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	26	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	27	practices	practice	NOUN
fbem-4853	62	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	63	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-4853	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	63	3	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	63	4	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	63	5	proposes	propose	VERB
fbem-4853	63	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	63	7	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	63	8	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	63	9	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	63	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	64	1	h1	h1	PROPN
fbem-4853	64	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	64	3	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	64	4	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	64	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	64	6	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	64	8	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	64	10	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	64	11	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	64	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	64	14	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	64	15	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	16	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	17	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	64	19	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	64	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	65	1	under	under	ADP
fbem-4853	65	2	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
fbem-4853	65	3	capital	capital	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	4	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	5	conditions	condition	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	65	7	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	65	8	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	65	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	65	10	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	65	12	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	65	13	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	65	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	65	16	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	65	17	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	65	18	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	19	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	65	20	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	65	21	bring	bring	VERB
fbem-4853	65	22	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	65	23	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	65	24	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	65	26	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	65	27	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	65	28	mainly	mainly	ADV
fbem-4853	65	29	reflected	reflect	VERB
fbem-4853	65	30	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	65	31	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	65	32	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	33	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	34	caused	cause	VERB
fbem-4853	65	35	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	65	36	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	65	37	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	65	38	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	65	39	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	66	1	according	accord	VERB
fbem-4853	66	2	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	66	3	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	4	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	5	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	66	7	agency	agency	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	8	theory	theory	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	66	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	66	11	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	66	13	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	14	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	15	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	66	16	often	often	ADV
fbem-4853	66	17	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	18	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	66	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	66	20	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	66	22	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	23	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	66	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	66	26	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-4853	66	27	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	66	28	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	29	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	66	30	unable	unable	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	31	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	66	32	obtain	obtain	VERB
fbem-4853	66	33	optimal	optimal	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	34	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	35	funding	funding	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	36	support	support	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	37	due	due	ADP
fbem-4853	66	38	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	66	39	increased	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	66	40	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	66	42	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	66	43	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	66	44	only	only	ADV
fbem-4853	66	45	rely	rely	VERB
fbem-4853	66	46	heavily	heavily	ADV
fbem-4853	66	47	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	66	48	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	66	49	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	66	50	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	67	1	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	67	2	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	67	3	time	time	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	67	5	if	if	SCONJ
fbem-4853	67	6	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	67	7	potential	potential	ADJ
fbem-4853	67	8	debt	debt	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	9	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-4853	67	10	loss	loss	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	11	caused	cause	VERB
fbem-4853	67	12	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	67	13	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	67	14	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	15	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	67	16	past	past	ADJ
fbem-4853	67	17	actions	action	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	18	once	once	ADV
fbem-4853	67	19	becomes	become	VERB
fbem-4853	67	20	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	67	21	reality	reality	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	67	23	resulting	result	VERB
fbem-4853	67	24	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	67	25	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	67	26	funding	funding	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	27	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	67	29	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	67	30	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	31	will	will	AUX
fbem-4853	67	32	face	face	VERB
fbem-4853	67	33	serious	serious	ADJ
fbem-4853	67	34	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	35	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	36	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	67	37	fall	fall	VERB
fbem-4853	67	38	into	into	ADP
fbem-4853	67	39	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	67	40	distress	distress	NOUN
fbem-4853	67	41	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	68	1	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	2	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	3	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	68	4	considered	consider	VERB
fbem-4853	68	5	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	68	6	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	68	7	alternative	alternative	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	8	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	68	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-4853	68	10	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	11	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	68	13	debt	debt	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	14	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	68	16	equity	equity	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	17	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	68	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	68	19	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	68	20	kelvin	kelvin	PROPN
fbem-4853	68	21	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	68	22	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	68	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	68	24	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	68	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	68	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	69	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	69	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	3	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	69	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	69	5	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	69	6	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	69	8	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	69	9	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	69	11	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	12	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	13	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	69	14	directly	directly	ADV
fbem-4853	69	15	accompanied	accompany	VERB
fbem-4853	69	16	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	69	17	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	69	18	undetectable	undetectable	ADJ
fbem-4853	69	19	reduction	reduction	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	69	21	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	22	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	23	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	69	24	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	69	25	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	69	26	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	69	27	welcome	welcome	ADJ
fbem-4853	69	28	relief	relief	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	29	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	69	30	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	31	already	already	ADV
fbem-4853	69	32	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	69	33	distress	distress	NOUN
fbem-4853	69	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	70	1	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	70	2	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	70	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	70	4	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	70	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	70	6	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	70	7	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	70	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	70	9	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	70	10	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	70	11	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	70	12	demand	demand	NOUN
fbem-4853	70	13	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	70	14	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	70	15	liquidity	liquidity	NOUN
fbem-4853	70	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	71	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-4853	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	71	3	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-4853	71	4	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	71	5	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	6	faces	face	VERB
fbem-4853	71	7	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	71	8	strong	strong	ADJ
fbem-4853	71	9	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	10	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	11	due	due	ADP
fbem-4853	71	12	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	71	13	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	71	15	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	71	16	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	71	17	induce	induce	VERB
fbem-4853	71	18	aggressive	aggressive	ADJ
fbem-4853	71	19	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	20	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	21	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	22	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	71	23	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
fbem-4853	71	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	71	25	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	26	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	71	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	72	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
fbem-4853	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	72	3	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	72	4	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	72	5	proposes	propose	VERB
fbem-4853	72	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	72	7	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	72	8	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	72	9	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	72	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	73	1	h2	h2	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	73	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	73	4	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	73	6	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	73	7	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	8	promotes	promote	VERB
fbem-4853	73	9	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	73	10	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	11	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	12	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	13	mainly	mainly	ADV
fbem-4853	73	14	through	through	ADP
fbem-4853	73	15	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	73	16	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	17	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	73	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	74	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	74	2	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	74	3	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	4	system	system	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	5	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	74	6	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	74	7	important	important	ADJ
fbem-4853	74	8	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	9	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	10	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	74	12	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	74	13	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	74	14	only	only	ADV
fbem-4853	74	15	provides	provide	VERB
fbem-4853	74	16	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	74	17	assurance	assurance	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	18	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	74	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	74	20	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	21	complies	comply	VERB
fbem-4853	74	22	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	74	23	national	national	ADJ
fbem-4853	74	24	laws	law	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	74	26	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	74	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	74	29	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	30	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	74	31	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	74	32	rules	rule	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	74	34	regulations	regulation	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	74	36	controls	control	VERB
fbem-4853	74	37	various	various	ADJ
fbem-4853	74	38	risks	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	39	faced	face	VERB
fbem-4853	74	40	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	74	41	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	74	42	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	43	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	74	44	business	business	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	45	process	process	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	74	47	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-4853	74	48	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	74	49	improves	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	74	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	74	51	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	52	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	74	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	74	54	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	55	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	74	56	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	57	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	74	58	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	75	1	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	75	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	75	3	one	one	NUM
fbem-4853	75	4	hand	hand	NOUN
fbem-4853	75	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	75	6	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	75	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	75	8	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	75	9	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	75	10	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	75	11	reduces	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	75	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	75	13	uncertainties	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	75	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	75	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	75	16	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	75	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	1	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	76	2	example	example	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	4	mao	mao	PROPN
fbem-4853	76	5	xinshu	xinshu	PROPN
fbem-4853	76	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	76	7	meng	meng	PROPN
fbem-4853	76	8	jie	jie	PROPN
fbem-4853	76	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	10	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-4853	76	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	12	empirically	empirically	ADV
fbem-4853	76	13	tested	test	VERB
fbem-4853	76	14	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	76	15	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	76	17	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	76	18	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	19	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	20	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	76	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	76	22	litigation	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	23	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	76	25	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	76	26	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	27	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	28	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	76	29	they	they	PRON
fbem-4853	76	30	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	76	31	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	76	32	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	76	33	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	76	34	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	76	35	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	36	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	76	37	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	76	38	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	39	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	40	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	76	41	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-4853	76	42	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	76	43	number	number	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	44	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	76	45	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	46	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	76	47	litigations	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	48	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	76	49	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	50	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	76	51	involved	involve	VERB
fbem-4853	76	52	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	76	53	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	76	54	namely	namely	ADV
fbem-4853	76	55	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	76	56	number	number	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	57	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	76	58	pending	pende	VERB
fbem-4853	76	59	litigations	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	60	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-4853	76	61	arbitrations	arbitration	NOUN
fbem-4853	76	62	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	76	63	reduced	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	76	64	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	1	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	77	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	3	other	other	ADJ
fbem-4853	77	4	hand	hand	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	7	new	new	ADJ
fbem-4853	77	8	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	9	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	77	10	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	77	11	accurate	accurate	ADJ
fbem-4853	77	12	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	77	14	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	77	15	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	16	helps	help	VERB
fbem-4853	77	17	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	77	18	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	77	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	20	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	77	22	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	23	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	25	but	but	CCONJ
fbem-4853	77	26	since	since	SCONJ
fbem-4853	77	27	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	28	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	77	29	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	30	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	31	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	32	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	33	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	77	34	directly	directly	ADV
fbem-4853	77	35	linked	link	VERB
fbem-4853	77	36	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	77	37	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	38	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	77	39	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	40	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	41	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	42	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	77	43	selfinterest	selfinterest	ADJ
fbem-4853	77	44	motivation	motivation	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	45	will	will	AUX
fbem-4853	77	46	minimize	minimize	VERB
fbem-4853	77	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	48	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	77	49	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	50	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	51	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	52	presentation	presentation	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	53	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	77	54	turn	turn	VERB
fbem-4853	77	55	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	77	56	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	57	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	77	58	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	59	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	77	60	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	61	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	62	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	63	notes	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	64	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	77	65	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	77	66	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	77	67	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	77	68	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	69	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	77	70	fraud	fraud	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	71	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	77	72	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	77	73	reporting	reporting	NOUN
fbem-4853	77	74	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	78	1	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	78	2	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	78	3	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	78	4	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	78	5	controls	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	78	6	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	78	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
fbem-4853	78	8	curb	curb	VERB
fbem-4853	78	9	such	such	ADJ
fbem-4853	78	10	agency	agency	NOUN
fbem-4853	78	11	problems	problem	NOUN
fbem-4853	78	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	79	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	79	2	summary	summary	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	79	4	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	79	5	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	79	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	79	7	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	79	9	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	79	10	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	79	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	79	13	smaller	small	ADJ
fbem-4853	79	14	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	79	15	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	79	17	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	18	presented	present	VERB
fbem-4853	79	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	79	20	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	79	21	fewer	few	ADJ
fbem-4853	79	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	79	23	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	79	24	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	79	25	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	26	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	27	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	79	29	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	79	30	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	79	31	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	79	32	reduces	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	79	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	79	34	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	35	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	79	36	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	37	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	79	39	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	40	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	79	41	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	79	42	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	43	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	79	44	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	79	45	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	80	1	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	80	2	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	80	3	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	4	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	80	5	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	6	alleviates	alleviate	VERB
fbem-4853	80	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	80	8	shortage	shortage	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	80	10	funds	fund	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	80	12	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	80	13	certain	certain	ADJ
fbem-4853	80	14	extent	extent	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	80	16	weakens	weaken	VERB
fbem-4853	80	17	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	18	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	80	19	incentive	incentive	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	20	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	80	21	seek	seek	VERB
fbem-4853	80	22	aggressive	aggressive	ADJ
fbem-4853	80	23	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	24	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	80	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	81	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
fbem-4853	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	81	3	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	81	4	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	81	5	proposes	propose	VERB
fbem-4853	81	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	81	7	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	81	8	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	81	9	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	81	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	82	1	h3	h3	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	82	3	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	82	4	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	82	5	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	6	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	82	7	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	8	weakens	weaken	VERB
fbem-4853	82	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	82	10	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-4853	82	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	12	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	82	13	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	14	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	15	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	82	17	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	82	18	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	19	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	82	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	83	1	4	4	X
fbem-4853	83	2	.	.	X
fbem-4853	83	3	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	83	5	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	83	6	method	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	7	4.1	4.1	NUM
fbem-4853	83	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	83	9	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	10	according	accord	VERB
fbem-4853	83	11	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	83	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	13	relevant	relevant	ADJ
fbem-4853	83	14	provisions	provision	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	15	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	83	16	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	17	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	83	19	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	83	20	13	13	NUM
fbem-4853	83	21	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	22	implemented	implement	VERB
fbem-4853	83	23	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	83	24	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-4853	83	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	83	26	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	83	27	addition	addition	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	28	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	83	29	disclosing	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	83	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	31	content	content	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	32	related	relate	VERB
fbem-4853	83	33	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	83	34	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	35	initial	initial	ADJ
fbem-4853	83	36	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	37	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	83	38	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	83	39	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	40	specified	specify	VERB
fbem-4853	83	41	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	83	42	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	43	2000	2000	NUM
fbem-4853	83	44	version	version	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	45	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	83	46	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	47	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	48	standard	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	49	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	83	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	51	notes	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	52	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	83	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	54	statements	statement	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	55	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	83	56	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	57	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	83	58	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	83	59	disclose	disclose	VERB
fbem-4853	83	60	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	61	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	83	62	accurate	accurate	ADJ
fbem-4853	83	63	115	115	NUM
fbem-4853	83	64	types	type	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	65	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	83	66	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
fbem-4853	83	67	measurements	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	68	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	83	69	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	83	70	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	71	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	83	72	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	83	73	reasons	reason	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	74	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	83	75	their	their	PRON
fbem-4853	83	76	formation	formation	NOUN
fbem-4853	83	77	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	83	78	etc	etc	X
fbem-4853	83	79	.	.	X
fbem-4853	84	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	84	2	order	order	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	3	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	84	4	ensure	ensure	VERB
fbem-4853	84	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	84	6	consistency	consistency	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	84	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	84	9	measure	measure	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	84	11	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	12	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	13	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	14	indicators	indicator	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	84	16	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	84	17	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	18	takes	take	VERB
fbem-4853	84	19	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-4853	84	20	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	84	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	84	22	starting	starting	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	23	point	point	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	84	25	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	84	26	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	84	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	85	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	85	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	85	3	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	85	5	all	all	DET
fbem-4853	85	6	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	85	7	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	85	8	share	share	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	9	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	85	10	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	11	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	85	12	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	85	13	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	85	14	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-4853	85	15	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	85	16	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-4853	85	17	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	85	18	selected	select	VERB
fbem-4853	85	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	85	20	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	85	21	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	22	investigates	investigate	VERB
fbem-4853	85	23	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	85	24	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	85	26	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	27	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	28	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	29	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	85	30	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	85	31	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	32	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	33	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	34	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	85	35	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	85	36	analyzes	analyze	VERB
fbem-4853	85	37	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	85	38	mediating	mediate	VERB
fbem-4853	85	39	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	40	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	85	41	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	42	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	43	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	85	44	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	85	45	process	process	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	46	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	85	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	85	48	moderating	moderate	VERB
fbem-4853	85	49	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	50	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	85	51	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	85	52	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	85	53	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	54	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	85	55	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	85	56	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	85	57	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-4853	85	58	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	2	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	3	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	86	4	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	5	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	86	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	8	rest	rest	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	86	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	11	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	12	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	13	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	86	14	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	86	15	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	16	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	86	17	obtained	obtain	VERB
fbem-4853	86	18	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	86	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	20	csmar	csmar	PROPN
fbem-4853	86	21	database	database	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	86	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	25	samples	sample	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	26	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	86	27	screened	screen	VERB
fbem-4853	86	28	according	accord	VERB
fbem-4853	86	29	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	86	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	31	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	86	32	criteria	criterion	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	33	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	35	1	1	X
fbem-4853	86	36	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	37	exclude	exclude	VERB
fbem-4853	86	38	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	86	39	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	40	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	86	41	finance	finance	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	42	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	86	43	insurance	insurance	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	44	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	45	as	as	ADV
fbem-4853	86	46	well	well	ADV
fbem-4853	86	47	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	86	48	st	st	PROPN
fbem-4853	86	49	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	86	50	pt	pt	PROPN
fbem-4853	86	51	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	52	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	53	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	54	2	2	X
fbem-4853	86	55	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	56	exclude	exclude	VERB
fbem-4853	86	57	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	58	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	86	59	made	make	VERB
fbem-4853	86	60	initial	initial	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	61	public	public	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	62	offerings	offering	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	63	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	86	64	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	65	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	66	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	67	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	68	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	69	3	3	X
fbem-4853	86	70	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	71	exclude	exclude	VERB
fbem-4853	86	72	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	86	73	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	74	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	86	75	missing	miss	VERB
fbem-4853	86	76	values	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	77	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	86	78	relevant	relevant	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	79	data	datum	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	80	during	during	ADP
fbem-4853	86	81	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	82	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	83	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	84	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	85	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	86	4	4	X
fbem-4853	86	87	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	88	excluding	exclude	VERB
fbem-4853	86	89	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	90	samples	sample	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	91	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	86	92	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	93	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	94	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	95	less	less	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	96	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	86	97	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	86	98	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-4853	86	99	greater	great	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	100	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	86	101	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	86	102	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	103	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	104	5	5	X
fbem-4853	86	105	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	86	106	excluding	exclude	VERB
fbem-4853	86	107	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	86	108	samples	sample	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	109	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	86	110	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	86	111	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	86	112	equal	equal	ADJ
fbem-4853	86	113	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	86	114	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	86	115	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	87	1	after	after	ADP
fbem-4853	87	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	87	3	above	above	ADJ
fbem-4853	87	4	processing	processing	NOUN
fbem-4853	87	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	87	6	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	87	7	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	87	8	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	87	9	annual	annual	ADJ
fbem-4853	87	10	observations	observation	NOUN
fbem-4853	87	11	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	87	12	finally	finally	ADV
fbem-4853	87	13	obtained	obtain	VERB
fbem-4853	87	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	88	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	88	2	order	order	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	3	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	88	4	avoid	avoid	VERB
fbem-4853	88	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	88	6	problem	problem	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	88	8	extreme	extreme	ADJ
fbem-4853	88	9	values	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	88	11	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	88	13	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	88	14	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	15	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	88	16	performs	perform	VERB
fbem-4853	88	17	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	88	18	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	88	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	88	20	sided	sided	ADJ
fbem-4853	88	21	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	88	22	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	23	winsorize	winsorize	VERB
fbem-4853	88	24	treatment	treatment	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	25	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	88	26	continuous	continuous	ADJ
fbem-4853	88	27	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	88	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	89	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
fbem-4853	89	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	89	3	measurement	measurement	NOUN
fbem-4853	89	4	4.2.1	4.2.1	NUM
fbem-4853	89	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	90	1	dependent	dependent	ADJ
fbem-4853	90	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	90	3	drawing	draw	VERB
fbem-4853	90	4	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	90	5	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	90	6	jianying	jianying	PROPN
fbem-4853	90	7	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	90	8	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	90	9	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	91	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	2	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	91	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	5	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	91	6	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	7	chooses	choose	VERB
fbem-4853	91	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	91	9	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	91	10	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	11	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	13	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	91	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	15	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-4853	91	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	91	17	dependent	dependent	ADJ
fbem-4853	91	18	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	19	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	91	20	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-4853	91	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	91	22	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	91	23	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	24	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	25	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	91	27	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	91	28	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	30	i.e.	i.e.	X
fbem-4853	91	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	32	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	91	33	=	=	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	35	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	91	36	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	37	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	38	expense	expense	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	39	deferred	defer	VERB
fbem-4853	91	40	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	41	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	42	expense)/pre	expense)/pre	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	43	-	-	ADJ
fbem-4853	91	44	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	45	profit	profit	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	46	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	91	47	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	91	48	deferred	deferred	ADJ
fbem-4853	91	49	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	50	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	91	51	expense	expense	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	1	=	=	PUNCT
fbem-4853	92	2	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	92	3	ending	end	VERB
fbem-4853	92	4	deferred	deferred	ADJ
fbem-4853	92	5	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	6	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	7	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	8	beginning	begin	VERB
fbem-4853	92	9	deferred	deferred	ADJ
fbem-4853	92	10	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	11	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	12	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	92	14	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	92	15	ending	end	VERB
fbem-4853	92	16	deferred	deferred	ADJ
fbem-4853	92	17	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	18	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	19	asset	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	20	beginning	begin	VERB
fbem-4853	92	21	deferred	deferred	ADJ
fbem-4853	92	22	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	23	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	24	asset	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	92	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	92	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	93	1	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	93	2	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-4853	93	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	93	4	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	93	5	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	93	6	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	93	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	93	8	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	93	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	93	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	93	11	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	93	12	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	93	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	93	14	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	93	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	93	16	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	93	17	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	93	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	93	19	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	93	20	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	93	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	94	1	4.2.2	4.2.2	X
fbem-4853	94	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	95	1	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-4853	95	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	3	given	give	VERB
fbem-4853	95	4	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	95	5	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	95	6	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	95	7	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	8	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	9	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	95	11	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	95	12	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	13	need	need	VERB
fbem-4853	95	14	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	95	15	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	95	16	collected	collect	VERB
fbem-4853	95	17	manually	manually	ADV
fbem-4853	95	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	95	19	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	95	20	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	21	focuses	focus	VERB
fbem-4853	95	22	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	95	23	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	95	24	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	95	26	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	95	27	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	28	presented	present	VERB
fbem-4853	95	29	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	95	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	95	31	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	32	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	95	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	96	1	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	96	2	are	be	VERB
fbem-4853	96	3	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	96	4	main	main	ADJ
fbem-4853	96	5	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	96	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	96	7	calculating	calculate	VERB
fbem-4853	96	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	96	9	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	96	10	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	96	11	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	96	12	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	96	13	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	96	14	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	96	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	96	16	elev	elev	PROPN
fbem-4853	96	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	96	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	96	19	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-4853	96	20	studies	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	96	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	97	1	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	97	2	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	97	3	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	97	4	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	97	5	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	98	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	98	2	2017	2017	NUM
fbem-4853	98	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	98	4	choose	choose	VERB
fbem-4853	98	5	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	98	6	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-4853	98	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	8	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	98	10	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	98	11	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	12	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	98	13	total	total	VERB
fbem-4853	98	14	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	15	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	98	16	control	control	VERB
fbem-4853	98	17	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	98	18	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	19	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	20	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	98	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	22	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	23	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	98	24	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	25	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	98	26	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-4853	98	27	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	98	28	ting	ting	PROPN
fbem-4853	98	29	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	98	30	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	98	31	dunli	dunli	PROPN
fbem-4853	98	32	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	98	33	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-4853	98	34	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	98	35	use	use	VERB
fbem-4853	98	36	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	37	natural	natural	ADJ
fbem-4853	98	38	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	39	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	98	40	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	41	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	98	42	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	43	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	98	44	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	98	45	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	46	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	98	47	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	48	end	end	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	49	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	98	50	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	98	51	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	52	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	98	53	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	98	54	proxy	proxy	NOUN
fbem-4853	98	55	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	99	1	here	here	ADV
fbem-4853	99	2	we	we	PRON
fbem-4853	99	3	draw	draw	VERB
fbem-4853	99	4	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	99	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	99	6	second	second	ADJ
fbem-4853	99	7	method	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	99	8	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	99	9	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-4853	99	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	99	11	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	99	12	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	99	13	within	within	ADP
fbem-4853	99	14	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	99	15	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	99	16	statements	statement	NOUN
fbem-4853	99	17	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	99	18	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	99	19	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	99	20	denoted	denote	VERB
fbem-4853	99	21	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	99	22	lnelev	lnelev	NOUN
fbem-4853	99	23	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	99	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	99	25	following	following	NOUN
fbem-4853	99	26	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	100	1	4.2.3	4.2.3	X
fbem-4853	100	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	1	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	3	drawing	draw	VERB
fbem-4853	101	4	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	101	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	6	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	8	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	9	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	10	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	12	1997	1997	NUM
fbem-4853	101	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	15	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	16	jinxin	jinxin	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	17	et	et	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	18	al	al	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	19	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	20	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-4853	101	21	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	23	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	24	zuohua	zuohua	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	101	26	fang	fang	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	27	hongxing	hongxe	VERB
fbem-4853	101	28	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	29	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-4853	101	30	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	101	32	classical	classical	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	33	calculation	calculation	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	34	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	36	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	101	37	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	38	selects	select	VERB
fbem-4853	101	39	several	several	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	40	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	41	indicators	indicator	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	42	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	101	43	construct	construct	VERB
fbem-4853	101	44	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	101	45	index	index	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	46	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	101	47	measure	measure	VERB
fbem-4853	101	48	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	49	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	50	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	51	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	52	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	53	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	54	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	55	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	56	referred	refer	VERB
fbem-4853	101	57	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	101	58	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	101	59	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	60	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	61	index	index	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	62	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	63	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	64	gscashholdindividends	gscashholdindividend	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	65	leveragetobinqcashflow	leveragetobinqcashflow	VERB
fbem-4853	101	66	315.1368.39	315.1368.39	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	67	139.3283.0002.1	139.3283.0002.1	NUM
fbem-4853	101	68	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	69	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	70			PROPN
fbem-4853	101	71			VERB
fbem-4853	101	72	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-4853	101	73	cashflow	cashflow	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	74	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	101	75	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	76	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	77	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	78	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	101	79	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	80	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	101	81	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	82	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	83	flow	flow	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	84	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	101	85	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	101	86	opening	opening	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	87	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	101	88	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	89	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	90	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	101	91	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	101	92	calculated	calculate	VERB
fbem-4853	101	93	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	101	94	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	95	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	96	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	101	97	net	net	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	98	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	99	plus	plus	CCONJ
fbem-4853	101	100	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	101	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	101	102	amortization	amortization	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	103	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	104	tobinq	tobinq	PROPN
fbem-4853	101	105	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	101	106	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	107	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	108	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	109	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	110	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	111	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	101	112	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	113	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	114	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	101	115	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	101	116	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	117	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	118	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	101	119	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	120	end	end	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	121	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	122	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	123	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	124	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	125	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	101	126	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	101	127	turn	turn	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	128	equals	equal	VERB
fbem-4853	101	129	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	130	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	131	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	132	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	133	equity	equity	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	134	plus	plus	CCONJ
fbem-4853	101	135	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	136	market	market	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	137	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	138	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	139	net	net	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	140	debt	debt	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	141	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	142	leverage	leverage	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	143	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	101	144	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	145	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	146	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	147	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	148	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	149	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	101	150	debt	debt	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	151	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	101	152	its	its	PRON
fbem-4853	101	153	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	154	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	155	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	101	156	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	157	end	end	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	158	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	159	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	160	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	161	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	162	dividends	dividend	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	163	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	101	164	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	165	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	166	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	167	common	common	ADJ
fbem-4853	101	168	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	169	dividends	dividend	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	170	paid	pay	VERB
fbem-4853	101	171	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	101	172	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	173	reporting	reporting	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	174	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	175	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	101	176	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	177	beginning	beginning	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	178	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	179	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	180	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	181	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	101	182	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	183	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	101	184	cashhodings	cashhoding	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	185	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	101	186	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	187	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	188	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	189	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	190	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	101	191	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	192	equivalents	equivalent	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	193	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	194	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	101	195	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	196	end	end	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	197	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	198	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	199	reporting	reporting	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	200	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	201	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	101	202	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	203	beginning	beginning	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	204	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	101	205	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	101	206	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	207	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	101	208	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	101	209	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	102	1	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	102	2	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	102	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	102	4	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	102	5	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	102	6	index	index	NOUN
fbem-4853	102	7	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	102	8	represents	represent	VERB
fbem-4853	102	9	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	102	10	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	102	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	102	12	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	102	13	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	102	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	102	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	102	16	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	102	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	103	1	4.2.4	4.2.4	X
fbem-4853	103	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	1	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	3	drawing	draw	VERB
fbem-4853	104	4	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	104	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	6	common	common	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	7	practice	practice	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	9	scholars	scholar	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	10	such	such	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	11	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	104	12	mao	mao	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	13	xinshu	xinshu	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	104	15	meng	meng	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	16	jie	jie	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	17	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	18	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-4853	104	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	20	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	104	21	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	22	zuohua	zuohua	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	104	24	fang	fang	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	25	hongxing	hongxe	VERB
fbem-4853	104	26	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	27	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-4853	104	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	30	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	104	31	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	32	selects	select	VERB
fbem-4853	104	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	34	internal	internal	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	35	control	control	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	36	index	index	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	37	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	38	lcindex	lcindex	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	39	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	40	published	publish	VERB
fbem-4853	104	41	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	104	42	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	43	white	white	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	44	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	45	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	104	46	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	47	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	48	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	49	chinese	chinese	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	50	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	104	51	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	52	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	104	53	shenzhen	shenzhen	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	54	diebold	diebold	VERB
fbem-4853	104	55	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	104	56	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	57	basis	basis	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	58	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	104	59	measuring	measure	VERB
fbem-4853	104	60	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	61	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	62	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	63	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	64	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	65	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	66	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	104	67	takes	take	VERB
fbem-4853	104	68	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	69	natural	natural	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	70	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	71	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	72	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	104	73	index	index	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	74	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	75	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	104	76	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	77	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	78	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	79	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	80	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	81	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	82	index	index	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	83	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	84	lnici	lnici	PROPN
fbem-4853	104	85	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	86	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	104	87	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	104	88	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	89	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	104	90	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	91	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	92	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	104	93	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	94	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	104	95	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	104	96	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	104	97	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	105	1	4.2.5	4.2.5	X
fbem-4853	105	2	.	.	X
fbem-4853	106	1	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	2	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	3	referring	refer	VERB
fbem-4853	106	4	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	106	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	106	6	existing	exist	VERB
fbem-4853	106	7	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	106	10	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	106	11	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	12	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	13	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	106	14	selected	select	VERB
fbem-4853	106	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	106	16	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	106	17	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	18	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	19	firm	firm	ADJ
fbem-4853	106	20	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	22	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	25	gearing	gearing	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	26	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	27	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	29	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	30	firm	firm	ADJ
fbem-4853	106	31	age	age	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	32	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	33	lnage	lnage	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	34	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	35	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	36	return	return	VERB
fbem-4853	106	37	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	106	38	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	39	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	40	roa	roa	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	41	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	43	nature	nature	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	44	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	106	45	ownership	ownership	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	46	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	47	soe	soe	PROPN
fbem-4853	106	48	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	49	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	50	majority	majority	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	51	shareholder	shareholder	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	52	ownership	ownership	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	53	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	54	top1	top1	PROPN
fbem-4853	106	55	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	56	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	57	whether	whether	SCONJ
fbem-4853	106	58	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	106	59	ceo	ceo	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	60	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	106	61	chairman	chairman	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	62	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	106	63	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	106	64	board	board	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	65	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	106	66	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	106	67	same	same	ADJ
fbem-4853	106	68	person	person	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	69	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	70	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-4853	106	71	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	72	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	73	proportion	proportion	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	74	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	106	75	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	106	76	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	77	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	78	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	106	79	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	80	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	81	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	106	82	proportion	proportion	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	83	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	106	84	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-4853	106	85	directors	director	NOUN
fbem-4853	106	86	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	87	indd	indd	PROPN
fbem-4853	106	88	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	106	89	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	107	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	107	2	addition	addition	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	107	4	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	107	6	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	107	8	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	107	9	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	107	11	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	107	13	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	107	15	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	107	16	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	107	17	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	107	18	also	also	ADV
fbem-4853	107	19	controlled	control	VERB
fbem-4853	107	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	108	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	108	2	detailed	detailed	ADJ
fbem-4853	108	3	definitions	definition	NOUN
fbem-4853	108	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	108	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	108	6	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	108	7	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	108	8	shown	show	VERB
fbem-4853	108	9	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	108	10	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	108	11	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	108	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	108	13	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	108	14	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	108	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	1	definitions	definition	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	3	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	4	variable	variable	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	5	definition	definition	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	6	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	7	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	8	=	=	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	10	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	11	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	12	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	13	expense	expense	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	14	deferred	defer	VERB
fbem-4853	109	15	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	16	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	17	expense)/earnings	expense)/earning	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	18	before	before	SCONJ
fbem-4853	109	19	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	20	taxes	taxis	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	21	lnelev	lnelev	VERB
fbem-4853	109	22	natural	natural	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	23	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	25	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	26	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	27	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	109	28	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	29	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	109	30	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	31	end	end	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	32	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	34	period	period	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	35	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	36	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	37	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	38	index	index	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	39	"	"	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	40	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	41	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	42	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	43	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	44	lnici	lnici	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	45	natural	natural	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	46	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	47	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	48	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	49	dibble	dibble	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	50	internal	internal	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	51	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	52	index	index	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	53	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	54	natural	natural	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	55	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	56	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	57	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	58	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	59	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	60	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	61	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	62	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	63	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	64	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	109	65	total	total	VERB
fbem-4853	109	66	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	67	lnage	lnage	VERB
fbem-4853	109	68	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	69	number	number	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	70	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	71	years	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	72	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	73	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	74	has	have	AUX
fbem-4853	109	75	been	be	AUX
fbem-4853	109	76	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	109	77	existence	existence	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	78	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	79	equal	equal	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	80	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	109	81	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	82	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	83	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	84	plus	plus	CCONJ
fbem-4853	109	85	one	one	NUM
fbem-4853	109	86	minus	minus	ADP
fbem-4853	109	87	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	88	natural	natural	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	89	logarithm	logarithm	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	90	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	91	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	92	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	93	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	94	company	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	95	was	be	AUX
fbem-4853	109	96	founded	found	VERB
fbem-4853	109	97	roa	roa	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	98	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	99	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	100	net	net	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	101	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	102	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	109	103	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	104	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	105	soe	soe	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	106	dummy	dummy	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	107	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	108	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	109	109	takes	take	VERB
fbem-4853	109	110	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	109	111	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	112	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	113	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	109	114	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	109	115	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	116	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	109	117	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	118	controllers	controller	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	119	who	who	PRON
fbem-4853	109	120	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	109	121	state	state	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	122	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	123	owned	own	VERB
fbem-4853	109	124	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	109	125	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	109	126	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
fbem-4853	109	127	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	109	128	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	129	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	130	net	net	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	131	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	109	132	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	133	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	109	134	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	135	assets	asset	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	136	top1	top1	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	137	shareholding	shareholding	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	138	ratio	ratio	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	139	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	140	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	141	largest	large	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	142	shareholder	shareholder	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	143	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	144	dummy	dummy	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	145	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	146	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	109	147	takes	take	VERB
fbem-4853	109	148	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	109	149	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	150	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	151	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	109	152	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	109	153	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	154	with	with	ADP
fbem-4853	109	155	chairmen	chairman	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	156	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	109	157	ceos	ceo	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	158	who	who	PRON
fbem-4853	109	159	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	109	160	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	161	same	same	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	162	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	109	163	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	109	164	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
fbem-4853	109	165	indd	indd	VERB
fbem-4853	109	166	proportion	proportion	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	167	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	109	168	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	169	directors	director	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	170	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	109	171	total	total	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	172	directors	director	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	173	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	174	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	175	dummy	dummy	ADJ
fbem-4853	109	176	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	177	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	109	178	based	base	VERB
fbem-4853	109	179	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	109	180	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	109	181	sec	sec	PROPN
fbem-4853	109	182	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	109	183	2012	2012	NUM
fbem-4853	109	184	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	185	classification	classification	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	186	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	187	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	188	dummy	dummy	NOUN
fbem-4853	109	189	variables	variable	VERB
fbem-4853	109	190	116	116	NUM
fbem-4853	109	191	4.3	4.3	NUM
fbem-4853	109	192	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	110	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	110	2	model	model	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	110	4	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	5	model	model	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	6	constructed	construct	VERB
fbem-4853	110	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	110	8	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	110	9	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	10	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	110	11	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-4853	110	12	follows	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	110	13	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	110	14			X
fbem-4853	110	15			X
fbem-4853	110	16			PROPN
fbem-4853	110	17			PART
fbem-4853	110	18	yearindustrycontrolsev	yearindustrycontrolsev	PROPN
fbem-4853	110	19	210	210	NUM
fbem-4853	110	20	eletr	eletr	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	110	22	article	article	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	23	uses	use	VERB
fbem-4853	110	24	ols	ols	PROPN
fbem-4853	110	25	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	26	method	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	27	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	110	28	test	test	VERB
fbem-4853	110	29	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	110	30	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	31	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	110	32	while	while	SCONJ
fbem-4853	110	33	controlling	control	VERB
fbem-4853	110	34	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	110	35	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	36	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	110	37	effects	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	110	39	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	40	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	110	41	effects	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	110	42	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	111	1	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	111	2	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	111	3	model	model	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	111	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	111	6	dependent	dependent	ADJ
fbem-4853	111	7	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	8	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	111	9	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	111	10	expressed	express	VERB
fbem-4853	111	11	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	111	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	111	13	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	111	14	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	15	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	16	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	17	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	111	18	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	111	19	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	20	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	111	21	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	111	22	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	111	23	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	24	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	111	25	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	111	26	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	111	27	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-4853	111	28	etr	etr	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	29	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	111	30	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	111	31	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	111	32	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	33	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	111	34	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	35	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	111	36	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	112	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	112	2	independent	independent	ADJ
fbem-4853	112	3	variable	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	112	4	elev	elev	PROPN
fbem-4853	112	5	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	112	6	represented	represent	VERB
fbem-4853	112	7	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	112	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	112	9	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	112	10	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	112	11	recognized	recognize	VERB
fbem-4853	112	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	112	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	112	14	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	112	15	statements	statement	NOUN
fbem-4853	112	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	112	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	112	18	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	112	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	112	20	i.e.	i.e.	X
fbem-4853	112	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	112	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	112	23	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-4853	112	24	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	112	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	113	1	controls	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	113	2	represent	represent	VERB
fbem-4853	113	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	113	4	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	113	5	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	113	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	114	1	5	5	X
fbem-4853	114	2	.	.	X
fbem-4853	114	3	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	114	4	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	114	5	5.1	5.1	NUM
fbem-4853	114	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	115	1	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
fbem-4853	115	2	statistics	statistic	NOUN
fbem-4853	115	3	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	115	4	2	2	NUM
fbem-4853	115	5	reports	report	VERB
fbem-4853	115	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	115	7	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
fbem-4853	115	8	statistics	statistic	NOUN
fbem-4853	115	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	115	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	115	11	main	main	ADJ
fbem-4853	115	12	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	115	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	116	2	mean	mean	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	3	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	116	5	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	116	6	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	7	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	8	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	10	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	116	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	12	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	116	13	0.176	0.176	NUM
fbem-4853	116	14	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	15	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	116	16	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	116	17	slightly	slightly	ADV
fbem-4853	116	18	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	19	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	116	20	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	116	21	general	general	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	22	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	23	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	24	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	116	26	25	25	NUM
fbem-4853	116	27	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	28	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	116	29	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	30	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	31	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	116	32	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	116	33	maximum	maximum	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	34	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	116	35	minimum	minimum	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	36	values	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	37	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	116	38	0.803	0.803	NUM
fbem-4853	116	39	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	116	40	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	116	41	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	42	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-4853	116	43	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	116	44	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	116	45	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	116	46	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	116	47	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	116	48	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	49	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	50	varies	vary	VERB
fbem-4853	116	51	widely	widely	ADV
fbem-4853	116	52	across	across	ADP
fbem-4853	116	53	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	116	54	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	117	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	117	2	mean	mean	ADJ
fbem-4853	117	3	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	117	5	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-4853	117	6	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	7	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	117	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	117	9	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	117	11	lnelev	lnelev	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	117	13	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	117	14	16.25	16.25	NUM
fbem-4853	117	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	117	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	117	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	117	18	maximum	maximum	ADJ
fbem-4853	117	19	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	117	20	minimum	minimum	ADJ
fbem-4853	117	21	values	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	22	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	117	23	20.57	20.57	NUM
fbem-4853	117	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	117	25	11.19	11.19	NUM
fbem-4853	117	26	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	117	27	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-4853	117	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	117	29	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	117	30	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	117	31	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	117	32	is	be	VERB
fbem-4853	117	33	no	no	DET
fbem-4853	117	34	significant	significant	ADJ
fbem-4853	117	35	difference	difference	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	36	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	117	37	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	117	38	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	39	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	117	40	expected	expect	VERB
fbem-4853	117	41	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	42	accrued	accrue	VERB
fbem-4853	117	43	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	117	44	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	117	45	sample	sample	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	46	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	47	that	that	PRON
fbem-4853	117	48	make	make	VERB
fbem-4853	117	49	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	50	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	51	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	117	52	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	117	53	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	2	2	2	NUM
fbem-4853	118	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
fbem-4853	118	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	6	variable	variable	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	7	n	n	PRON
fbem-4853	118	8	min	min	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	9	median	median	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	10	max	max	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	11	mean	mean	VERB
fbem-4853	118	12	std	std	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	13	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	14	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	15	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	118	16	0.163	0.163	NUM
fbem-4853	118	17	0.803	0.803	NUM
fbem-4853	118	18	0.176	0.176	NUM
fbem-4853	118	19	0.165	0.165	NUM
fbem-4853	118	20	lnelev	lnelev	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	21	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	22	11.19	11.19	NUM
fbem-4853	118	23	16.23	16.23	NUM
fbem-4853	118	24	20.57	20.57	NUM
fbem-4853	118	25	16.25	16.25	NUM
fbem-4853	118	26	2.096	2.096	NUM
fbem-4853	118	27	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	28	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	29	-11.34	-11.34	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	30	1.748	1.748	NUM
fbem-4853	118	31	13.66	13.66	NUM
fbem-4853	118	32	1.526	1.526	NUM
fbem-4853	118	33	2.465	2.465	NUM
fbem-4853	118	34	lnici	lnici	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	35	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	36	2.194	2.194	NUM
fbem-4853	118	37	6.521	6.521	NUM
fbem-4853	118	38	6.903	6.903	NUM
fbem-4853	118	39	6.492	6.492	NUM
fbem-4853	118	40	0.166	0.166	NUM
fbem-4853	118	41	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	42	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	43	19.14	19.14	NUM
fbem-4853	118	44	21.83	21.83	NUM
fbem-4853	118	45	26.27	26.27	NUM
fbem-4853	118	46	22.03	22.03	NUM
fbem-4853	118	47	1.398	1.398	NUM
fbem-4853	118	48	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	49	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	50	0.046	0.046	NUM
fbem-4853	118	51	0.462	0.462	NUM
fbem-4853	118	52	1.100	1.100	NUM
fbem-4853	118	53	0.461	0.461	NUM
fbem-4853	118	54	0.223	0.223	NUM
fbem-4853	118	55	indd	indd	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	56	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	57	0.300	0.300	NUM
fbem-4853	118	58	0.333	0.333	NUM
fbem-4853	118	59	0.571	0.571	NUM
fbem-4853	118	60	0.371	0.371	NUM
fbem-4853	118	61	0.053	0.053	NUM
fbem-4853	118	62	top1	top1	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	63	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	64	0.088	0.088	NUM
fbem-4853	118	65	0.343	0.343	NUM
fbem-4853	118	66	0.764	0.764	NUM
fbem-4853	118	67	0.361	0.361	NUM
fbem-4853	118	68	0.154	0.154	NUM
fbem-4853	118	69	roa	roa	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	70	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	71	-0.266	-0.266	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	72	0.037	0.037	NUM
fbem-4853	118	73	0.211	0.211	NUM
fbem-4853	118	74	0.038	0.038	NUM
fbem-4853	118	75	0.063	0.063	NUM
fbem-4853	118	76	lnage	lnage	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	77	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	78	1.609	1.609	NUM
fbem-4853	118	79	2.944	2.944	NUM
fbem-4853	118	80	3.401	3.401	NUM
fbem-4853	118	81	2.852	2.852	NUM
fbem-4853	118	82	0.412	0.412	NUM
fbem-4853	118	83	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	118	84	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	85	0.002	0.002	NUM
fbem-4853	118	86	0.193	0.193	NUM
fbem-4853	118	87	0.733	0.733	NUM
fbem-4853	118	88	0.229	0.229	NUM
fbem-4853	118	89	0.171	0.171	NUM
fbem-4853	118	90	soe	soe	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	91	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	92	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	118	93	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	118	94	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	118	95	0.456	0.456	NUM
fbem-4853	118	96	0.498	0.498	NUM
fbem-4853	118	97	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-4853	118	98	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	118	99	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	118	100	0	0	NUM
fbem-4853	118	101	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	118	102	0.233	0.233	NUM
fbem-4853	118	103	0.423	0.423	NUM
fbem-4853	118	104	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	105	3	3	NUM
fbem-4853	118	106	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	107	baseline	baseline	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	108	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	109	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	110	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	111	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	118	112	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	113	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	114	2	2	X
fbem-4853	118	115	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	116	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	118	117	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	118	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	119	lnelev	lnelev	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	120	-0.002	-0.002	PROPN
fbem-4853	118	121	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	118	122	-0.005	-0.005	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	5	1.653	1.653	NUM
fbem-4853	119	6	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	8	-3.317	-3.317	ADJ
fbem-4853	119	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	10	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	119	11	0.013	0.013	NUM
fbem-4853	119	12	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	119	13	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	14	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	15	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	16	4.585	4.585	NUM
fbem-4853	119	17	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	119	18	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	119	19	0.081	0.081	NUM
fbem-4853	119	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	3	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	4	4.680	4.680	NUM
fbem-4853	120	5	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	6	indd	indd	NOUN
fbem-4853	120	7	0.003	0.003	NUM
fbem-4853	120	8	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	9	0.067	0.067	NUM
fbem-4853	120	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	11	top1	top1	PROPN
fbem-4853	120	12	0.029	0.029	NUM
fbem-4853	120	13	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	14	1.492	1.492	NUM
fbem-4853	120	15	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	16	roa	roa	NOUN
fbem-4853	120	17	0.487	0.487	PRON
fbem-4853	120	18	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	19	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	22	13.626	13.626	NUM
fbem-4853	120	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	120	24	lnage	lnage	VERB
fbem-4853	120	25	0.027	0.027	NUM
fbem-4853	120	26	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	120	27	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	2	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	3	3.900	3.900	NUM
fbem-4853	121	4	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	5	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	121	6	-0.059	-0.059	PROPN
fbem-4853	121	7	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	8	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	9	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	11	-3.034	-3.034	X
fbem-4853	121	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	13	soe	soe	PROPN
fbem-4853	121	14	0.018	0.018	NUM
fbem-4853	121	15	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	16	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	17	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	18	2.510	2.510	NUM
fbem-4853	121	19	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	20	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-4853	121	21	0.006	0.006	NUM
fbem-4853	121	22	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	23	0.858	0.858	NUM
fbem-4853	121	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	25	constant	constant	ADJ
fbem-4853	121	26	-0.142	-0.142	NOUN
fbem-4853	121	27	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	28	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	29	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	30	-0.192	-0.192	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	31	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	32	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	33	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	35	5.438	5.438	NUM
fbem-4853	121	36	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	37	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	38	-3.438	-3.438	NOUN
fbem-4853	121	39	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	121	40	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	122	1	fe	fe	INTJ
fbem-4853	123	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	123	2	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	123	3	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	123	4	fe	fe	INTJ
fbem-4853	124	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	124	2	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	125	1	n	n	CCONJ
fbem-4853	125	2	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	125	3	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	125	4	adj.r2	adj.r2	VERB
fbem-4853	125	5	0.003	0.003	NUM
fbem-4853	125	6	0.071	0.071	NUM
fbem-4853	125	7	note	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	125	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	125	9	robust	robust	ADJ
fbem-4853	125	10	t	t	NOUN
fbem-4853	125	11	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	125	12	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	125	13	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	125	14	shown	show	VERB
fbem-4853	125	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	125	16	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	125	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	4	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	6	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	7	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	8	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	126	10	10	10	NUM
fbem-4853	126	11	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	126	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	13	5	5	NUM
fbem-4853	126	14	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	126	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	16	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	126	17	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	126	18	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-4853	126	19	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-4853	126	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	126	21	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-4853	126	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	127	1	117	117	NUM
fbem-4853	127	2	5.2	5.2	NUM
fbem-4853	127	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	128	1	baseline	baseline	PROPN
fbem-4853	128	2	regression	regression	PROPN
fbem-4853	128	3	results	result	VERB
fbem-4853	128	4	our	our	PRON
fbem-4853	128	5	baseline	baseline	NOUN
fbem-4853	128	6	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	128	7	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	128	8	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	128	9	shown	show	VERB
fbem-4853	128	10	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	128	11	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	128	12	3	3	NUM
fbem-4853	128	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	129	2	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	3	results	result	VERB
fbem-4853	129	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	129	5	columns	column	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	7	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	129	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	129	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	11	2	2	X
fbem-4853	129	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	13	show	show	VERB
fbem-4853	129	14	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	129	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	129	16	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	17	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	129	18	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	129	19	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	20	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	21	lnelev	lnelev	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	22	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	129	23	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	129	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	129	25	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	129	26	regardless	regardless	ADV
fbem-4853	129	27	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	129	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	129	29	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	30	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	129	31	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	32	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	129	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	130	1	we	we	PRON
fbem-4853	130	2	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	130	3	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	130	4	there	there	PRON
fbem-4853	130	5	is	be	VERB
fbem-4853	130	6	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	130	7	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	130	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-4853	130	9	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	130	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	130	11	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	130	12	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	130	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	130	14	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	130	15	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	130	16	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	130	17	rate	rate	NOUN
fbem-4853	130	18	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	130	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	130	20	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	130	21	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	131	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	131	2	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	3	show	show	VERB
fbem-4853	131	4	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	131	5	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	131	6	larger	large	ADJ
fbem-4853	131	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	131	8	amount	amount	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	131	10	presentation	presentation	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	11	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	131	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	131	13	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	131	14	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	131	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	131	17	more	more	ADV
fbem-4853	131	18	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	131	19	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	20	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	131	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	131	23	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	131	24	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	25	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	26	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	27	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	131	28	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	131	29	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	132	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
fbem-4853	132	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	132	3	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	5	we	we	PRON
fbem-4853	132	6	argue	argue	VERB
fbem-4853	132	7	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	132	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	132	9	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	132	11	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	132	12	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	13	primarily	primarily	ADV
fbem-4853	132	14	increases	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	132	15	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	132	16	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	17	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	18	incentives	incentive	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	19	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	132	20	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	21	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	132	22	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	132	23	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	24	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	132	25	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	133	1	first	first	ADV
fbem-4853	133	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	133	3	whether	whether	SCONJ
fbem-4853	133	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	133	5	funds	fund	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	6	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	133	7	tied	tie	VERB
fbem-4853	133	8	up	up	ADP
fbem-4853	133	9	beforehand	beforehand	ADV
fbem-4853	133	10	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	133	11	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	133	12	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	13	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-4853	133	14	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	133	15	expenses	expense	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	16	actually	actually	ADV
fbem-4853	133	17	incurred	incur	VERB
fbem-4853	133	18	afterwards	afterwards	ADV
fbem-4853	133	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	133	20	it	it	PRON
fbem-4853	133	21	directly	directly	ADV
fbem-4853	133	22	leads	lead	VERB
fbem-4853	133	23	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	133	24	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	133	25	decrease	decrease	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	26	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	133	27	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	133	28	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	29	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	133	30	available	available	ADJ
fbem-4853	133	31	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	32	flow	flow	NOUN
fbem-4853	133	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	134	1	second	second	ADJ
fbem-4853	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	134	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	134	4	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	134	6	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	134	7	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	8	about	about	ADP
fbem-4853	134	9	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	10	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	134	11	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	134	12	conducive	conducive	ADJ
fbem-4853	134	13	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	134	14	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	15	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	134	16	access	access	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	17	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	134	18	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	134	19	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	134	21	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	134	22	indicates	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	134	23	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	134	24	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	25	create	create	VERB
fbem-4853	134	26	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	27	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	28	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	134	29	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	30	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	134	31	some	some	DET
fbem-4853	134	32	extent	extent	NOUN
fbem-4853	134	33	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	135	1	when	when	SCONJ
fbem-4853	135	2	firms	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	3	face	face	VERB
fbem-4853	135	4	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	135	5	external	external	ADJ
fbem-4853	135	6	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	7	costs	cost	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	135	9	liquidity	liquidity	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	10	risks	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	11	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	135	12	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	13	may	may	AUX
fbem-4853	135	14	be	be	AUX
fbem-4853	135	15	forced	force	VERB
fbem-4853	135	16	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	135	17	choose	choose	VERB
fbem-4853	135	18	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	19	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	20	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	135	21	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	135	22	complex	complex	ADJ
fbem-4853	135	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	135	24	opaque	opaque	ADJ
fbem-4853	135	25	means	mean	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	135	27	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	135	28	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	135	29	alternative	alternative	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	30	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	135	31	traditional	traditional	ADJ
fbem-4853	135	32	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	33	methods	method	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	34	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	135	35	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
fbem-4853	135	36	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	135	37	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	135	38	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
fbem-4853	135	39	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	1	column	column	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	2	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	3	2	2	NUM
fbem-4853	136	4	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	6	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	7	4	4	NUM
fbem-4853	136	8	presents	present	VERB
fbem-4853	136	9	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	10	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	11	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	13	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	14	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	16	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	136	17	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	18	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	136	19	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	20	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	22	where	where	SCONJ
fbem-4853	136	23	we	we	PRON
fbem-4853	136	24	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	136	25	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	136	26	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	27	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	28	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	29	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	136	30	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	31	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	32	lnelev	lnelev	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	33	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	34	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	136	35	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	136	36	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	37	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	136	38	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	39	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	136	40	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	41	level	level	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	42	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	43	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	136	44	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	136	45	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	46	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	47	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	48	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	49	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	136	50	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	51	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	52	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	53	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	54	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	55	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	56	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	57	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	58	firm	firm	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	59	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	60	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	61	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	62	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	63	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	136	64	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	65	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	66	lnelev	lnelev	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	67	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	68	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	136	69	column	column	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	70	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	71	3	3	NUM
fbem-4853	136	72	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	73	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	74	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	75	4	4	NUM
fbem-4853	136	76	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	136	77	still	still	ADV
fbem-4853	136	78	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	136	79	negative	negative	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	80	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	136	81	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	82	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	83	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	136	84	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	85	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	86	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	136	87	smaller	small	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	88	than	than	ADP
fbem-4853	136	89	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	90	baseline	baseline	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	91	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	92	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	136	93	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	136	94	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	136	95	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	96	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	97	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	98	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	136	99	indeed	indeed	ADV
fbem-4853	136	100	increase	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	136	101	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	136	102	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	103	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	104	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	136	105	increasing	increase	VERB
fbem-4853	136	106	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	136	107	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	108	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	136	109	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	2	4	4	NUM
fbem-4853	137	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	4	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	7	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	137	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	10	2	2	NUM
fbem-4853	137	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	13	3	3	X
fbem-4853	137	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	15	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	16	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	17	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	18	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	19	lnelev	lnelev	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	20	-0.005	-0.005	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	21	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	22	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	23	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	24	0.094	0.094	NUM
fbem-4853	137	25	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	26	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	27	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	28	-0.003	-0.003	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	29	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	30	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	31	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	32	-3.317	-3.317	ADJ
fbem-4853	137	33	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	35	3.957	3.957	NUM
fbem-4853	137	36	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	37	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	38	-2.082	-2.082	X
fbem-4853	137	39	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	40	kz	kz	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	41	-0.007	-0.007	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	42	*	*	PROPN
fbem-4853	137	43	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	44	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	45	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	46	-4.284	-4.284	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	47	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	48	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	49	0.013	0.013	NUM
fbem-4853	137	50	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	137	51	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	137	52	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	1	-0.324	-0.324	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	4	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	5	0.002	0.002	NUM
fbem-4853	138	6	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	7	4.585	4.585	NUM
fbem-4853	138	8	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	10	-10.562	-10.562	PROPN
fbem-4853	138	11	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	12	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	13	0.729	0.729	NUM
fbem-4853	138	14	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	15	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	138	16	0.081	0.081	NUM
fbem-4853	138	17	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	18	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	19	*	*	X
fbem-4853	138	20	6.839	6.839	NUM
fbem-4853	138	21	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	22	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	23	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	24	0.143	0.143	NUM
fbem-4853	138	25	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	26	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	27	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	28	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	29	4.680	4.680	NUM
fbem-4853	138	30	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	31	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	32	34.072	34.072	NUM
fbem-4853	138	33	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	34	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	35	6.344	6.344	NUM
fbem-4853	138	36	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	37	indd	indd	NOUN
fbem-4853	138	38	0.003	0.003	NUM
fbem-4853	138	39	1.542	1.542	NUM
fbem-4853	138	40	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	41	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	42	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	138	43	0.018	0.018	NUM
fbem-4853	138	44	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	45	0.067	0.067	NUM
fbem-4853	138	46	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	47	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	48	3.072	3.072	NUM
fbem-4853	138	49	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	50	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	51	0.364	0.364	NUM
fbem-4853	138	52	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	138	53	top1	top1	PROPN
fbem-4853	138	54	0.029	0.029	NUM
fbem-4853	138	55	-0.870	-0.870	PROPN
fbem-4853	139	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	3	*	*	X
fbem-4853	139	4	0.023	0.023	NUM
fbem-4853	139	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	6	1.492	1.492	NUM
fbem-4853	139	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	8	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	9	-4.012	-4.012	NOUN
fbem-4853	139	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	12	1.107	1.107	NUM
fbem-4853	139	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	139	14	roa	roa	NOUN
fbem-4853	139	15	0.487	0.487	NOUN
fbem-4853	139	16	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	140	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	140	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	140	3	-9.297	-9.297	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	4	0.645	0.645	NUM
fbem-4853	141	5	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	6	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	7	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	8	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	9	13.626	13.626	NUM
fbem-4853	141	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	12	-18.740	-18.740	NOUN
fbem-4853	141	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	14	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	15	16.518	16.518	NUM
fbem-4853	141	16	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	17	lnage	lnage	VERB
fbem-4853	141	18	0.027	0.027	NUM
fbem-4853	141	19	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	141	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	21	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	22	0.459	0.459	NUM
fbem-4853	141	23	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	24	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	25	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	26	0.026	0.026	NUM
fbem-4853	141	27	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	28	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	29	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	30	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	31	3.900	3.900	NUM
fbem-4853	141	32	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	33	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	34	5.558	5.558	NUM
fbem-4853	141	35	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	36	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	37	3.532	3.532	NUM
fbem-4853	141	38	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	39	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	141	40	-0.059	-0.059	PROPN
fbem-4853	141	41	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	42	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	43	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	141	44	0.298	0.298	NUM
fbem-4853	141	45	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	141	46	-0.055	-0.055	NOUN
fbem-4853	142	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	2	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	5	-3.034	-3.034	X
fbem-4853	142	6	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	8	1.797	1.797	NUM
fbem-4853	142	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	11	-2.746	-2.746	X
fbem-4853	142	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	13	soe	soe	PROPN
fbem-4853	142	14	0.018	0.018	NUM
fbem-4853	142	15	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	142	16	*	*	X
fbem-4853	142	17	0.124	0.124	NUM
fbem-4853	142	18	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	19	0.022	0.022	NUM
fbem-4853	142	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	21	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	22	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	23	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	24	2.510	2.510	NUM
fbem-4853	142	25	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	26	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	27	1.666	1.666	NUM
fbem-4853	142	28	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	29	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	142	30	2.902	2.902	NUM
fbem-4853	142	31	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	1	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-4853	143	2	0.006	0.006	NUM
fbem-4853	143	3	-0.047	-0.047	NUM
fbem-4853	143	4	0.003	0.003	NUM
fbem-4853	143	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	6	0.858	0.858	NUM
fbem-4853	143	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	8	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	9	-0.635	-0.635	NOUN
fbem-4853	143	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	11	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	12	0.432	0.432	X
fbem-4853	143	13	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	14	constant	constant	ADJ
fbem-4853	143	15	-0.192	-0.192	NOUN
fbem-4853	143	16	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	17	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	18	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	19	5.055	5.055	NUM
fbem-4853	143	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	21	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	22	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	23	-0.025	-0.025	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	25	-3.438	-3.438	NOUN
fbem-4853	143	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	27	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	28	8.540	8.540	NUM
fbem-4853	143	29	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	30	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	31	-0.422	-0.422	NOUN
fbem-4853	143	32	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	143	33	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	143	34	fe	fe	INTJ
fbem-4853	144	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	144	2	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	144	3	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	145	1	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	145	2	fe	fe	INTJ
fbem-4853	146	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	146	2	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	147	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	148	1	n	n	CCONJ
fbem-4853	148	2	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	149	1	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	149	2	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	149	3	adj.r2	adj.r2	VERB
fbem-4853	149	4	0.071	0.071	NUM
fbem-4853	149	5	0.292	0.292	NUM
fbem-4853	149	6	0.075	0.075	NUM
fbem-4853	149	7	note	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	149	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	149	9	robust	robust	ADJ
fbem-4853	149	10	t	t	NOUN
fbem-4853	149	11	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	149	12	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	149	13	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	149	14	shown	show	VERB
fbem-4853	149	15	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	149	16	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	149	17	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	4	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	6	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	7	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	8	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	150	10	10	10	NUM
fbem-4853	150	11	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	150	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	13	5	5	NUM
fbem-4853	150	14	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	150	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	16	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	150	17	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	150	18	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-4853	150	19	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-4853	150	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	150	21	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-4853	150	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	151	1	5.4	5.4	NUM
fbem-4853	151	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	151	3	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	4	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	151	5	ownership	ownership	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	6	structure	structure	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	151	8	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	151	9	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	10	system	system	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	11	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	151	12	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	151	13	important	important	ADJ
fbem-4853	151	14	part	part	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	151	16	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	151	17	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	151	18	governance	governance	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	19	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-4853	151	20	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	152	1	first	first	ADV
fbem-4853	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	152	3	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	152	4	series	series	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	152	6	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	7	assessment	assessment	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	8	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	152	9	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	10	activities	activity	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	11	performed	perform	VERB
fbem-4853	152	12	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	152	13	complianceoriented	complianceoriente	VERB
fbem-4853	152	14	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	152	15	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	16	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	152	17	help	help	VERB
fbem-4853	152	18	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	152	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	152	20	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	152	22	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	152	23	violations	violation	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	152	25	further	far	ADV
fbem-4853	152	26	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	152	27	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	152	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	153	1	second	second	ADJ
fbem-4853	153	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	153	3	highquality	highquality	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	4	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	153	5	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	6	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	153	7	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	153	8	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	153	9	restatement	restatement	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	10	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	153	11	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	153	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	153	13	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	153	15	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	153	16	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	17	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	18	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	153	19	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	153	20	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	153	21	protect	protect	VERB
fbem-4853	153	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	153	23	interests	interest	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	153	25	investors	investor	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	26	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	153	27	enhance	enhance	VERB
fbem-4853	153	28	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	153	29	confidence	confidence	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	30	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	153	31	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
fbem-4853	153	32	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	154	1	finally	finally	ADV
fbem-4853	154	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	154	3	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	154	4	well	well	ADV
fbem-4853	154	5	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	154	6	developed	develop	VERB
fbem-4853	154	7	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	154	8	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	9	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	154	10	impose	impose	VERB
fbem-4853	154	11	strict	strict	ADJ
fbem-4853	154	12	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	13	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	154	14	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	15	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	154	16	punishment	punishment	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	17	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	18	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	154	19	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	154	21	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	154	22	thus	thus	ADV
fbem-4853	154	23	discouraging	discourage	VERB
fbem-4853	154	24	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	25	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	154	26	aggressive	aggressive	ADJ
fbem-4853	154	27	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	28	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	29	activities	activity	NOUN
fbem-4853	154	30	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	155	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	155	2	5	5	NUM
fbem-4853	155	3	reports	report	VERB
fbem-4853	155	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	155	5	regression	regression	NOUN
fbem-4853	155	6	results	result	NOUN
fbem-4853	155	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	155	8	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	155	9	part	part	NOUN
fbem-4853	155	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	155	11	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	155	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-4853	155	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	156	1	we	we	PRON
fbem-4853	156	2	find	find	VERB
fbem-4853	156	3	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	156	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	156	5	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	156	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	156	8	interaction	interaction	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	9	term	term	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	10	lnelev*lnici	lnelev*lnici	ADV
fbem-4853	156	11	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	156	12	projected	project	VERB
fbem-4853	156	13	liabilities	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	156	15	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	16	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	17	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	156	18	significantly	significantly	ADV
fbem-4853	156	19	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	156	21	indicating	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	156	22	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	156	23	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	24	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	25	negatively	negatively	ADV
fbem-4853	156	26	moderates	moderate	VERB
fbem-4853	156	27	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	156	28	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	29	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	156	30	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	31	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	32	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	156	34	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	35	118	118	NUM
fbem-4853	156	36	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	37	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	156	39	which	which	PRON
fbem-4853	156	40	means	mean	VERB
fbem-4853	156	41	that	that	SCONJ
fbem-4853	156	42	high	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	43	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	156	44	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	45	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	46	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	47	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	156	48	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
fbem-4853	156	49	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	156	50	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	51	relationship	relationship	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	52	between	between	ADP
fbem-4853	156	53	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	156	54	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	55	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	156	56	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	57	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	58	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	59	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	156	60	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	156	61	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	62	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	156	63	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	157	1	table	table	NOUN
fbem-4853	157	2	5	5	NUM
fbem-4853	157	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	1	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
fbem-4853	158	2	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	158	3	ownership	ownership	NOUN
fbem-4853	158	4	structure	structure	NOUN
fbem-4853	158	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	6	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	158	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	8	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	9	2	2	X
fbem-4853	158	10	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	11	variables	variable	NOUN
fbem-4853	158	12	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	158	13	etr	etr	PROPN
fbem-4853	158	14	lnelev	lnelev	PROPN
fbem-4853	158	15	-0.005	-0.005	PROPN
fbem-4853	158	16	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	17	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	18	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	19	-0.076	-0.076	PROPN
fbem-4853	158	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	22	-3.317	-3.317	ADJ
fbem-4853	158	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	158	25	-1.905	-1.905	NOUN
fbem-4853	158	26	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	1	lnelev*lnici	lnelev*lnici	ADP
fbem-4853	159	2	0.011	0.011	NUM
fbem-4853	159	3	*	*	SYM
fbem-4853	159	4	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	5	1.785	1.785	NUM
fbem-4853	159	6	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	7	lnici	lnici	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	8	-0.175	-0.175	PROPN
fbem-4853	159	9	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	11	-1.676	-1.676	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	12	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	13	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	14	0.013	0.013	NUM
fbem-4853	159	15	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	16	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	17	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	18	0.012	0.012	NUM
fbem-4853	159	19	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	20	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	21	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	22	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	23	4.585	4.585	NUM
fbem-4853	159	24	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	25	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	26	5.769	5.769	NUM
fbem-4853	159	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	28	lev	lev	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	29	0.081	0.081	NUM
fbem-4853	159	30	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	31	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	32	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	33	0.097	0.097	NUM
fbem-4853	159	34	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	35	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	36	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	37	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	38	4.680	4.680	NUM
fbem-4853	159	39	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	40	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	41	7.119	7.119	NUM
fbem-4853	159	42	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	43	indd	indd	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	44	0.003	0.003	NUM
fbem-4853	159	45	0.015	0.015	NUM
fbem-4853	159	46	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	47	0.067	0.067	NUM
fbem-4853	159	48	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	49	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	50	0.350	0.350	NUM
fbem-4853	159	51	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	52	top1	top1	PROPN
fbem-4853	159	53	0.029	0.029	NUM
fbem-4853	159	54	0.020	0.020	NUM
fbem-4853	159	55	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	56	1.492	1.492	NUM
fbem-4853	159	57	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	58	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	59	1.192	1.192	NUM
fbem-4853	159	60	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	61	roa	roa	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	62	0.487	0.487	PRON
fbem-4853	159	63	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	64	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	65	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	66	0.454	0.454	NUM
fbem-4853	159	67	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	68	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	69	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	70	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	71	13.626	13.626	NUM
fbem-4853	159	72	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	73	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	74	10.800	10.800	NUM
fbem-4853	159	75	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	76	lnage	lnage	VERB
fbem-4853	159	77	0.027	0.027	NUM
fbem-4853	159	78	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	79	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	80	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	81	0.024	0.024	NUM
fbem-4853	159	82	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	83	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	84	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	85	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	86	3.900	3.900	NUM
fbem-4853	159	87	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	88	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	89	4.049	4.049	NUM
fbem-4853	159	90	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	91	fixed	fix	VERB
fbem-4853	159	92	-0.059	-0.059	PROPN
fbem-4853	159	93	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	94	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	95	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	96	-0.078	-0.078	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	97	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	98	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	99	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	100	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	101	-3.034	-3.034	X
fbem-4853	159	102	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	103	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	104	-5.133	-5.133	X
fbem-4853	159	105	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	106	soe	soe	PROPN
fbem-4853	159	107	0.018	0.018	NUM
fbem-4853	159	108	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	109	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	110	0.015	0.015	NUM
fbem-4853	159	111	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	112	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	113	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	114	2.510	2.510	NUM
fbem-4853	159	115	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	116	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	117	2.571	2.571	NUM
fbem-4853	159	118	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	119	dual	dual	ADJ
fbem-4853	159	120	0.006	0.006	NUM
fbem-4853	159	121	0.005	0.005	NUM
fbem-4853	159	122	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	123	0.858	0.858	NUM
fbem-4853	159	124	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	125	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	126	0.744	0.744	NUM
fbem-4853	159	127	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	128	constant	constant	ADJ
fbem-4853	159	129	-0.192	-0.192	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	130	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	131	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	132	*	*	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	133	0.995	0.995	NUM
fbem-4853	159	134	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	135	-3.438	-3.438	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	136	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	137	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	138	1.465	1.465	NUM
fbem-4853	159	139	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	159	140	year	year	NOUN
fbem-4853	159	141	fe	fe	INTJ
fbem-4853	160	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	160	2	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	160	3	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	160	4	fe	fe	INTJ
fbem-4853	161	1	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	161	2	yes	yes	INTJ
fbem-4853	162	1	n	n	CCONJ
fbem-4853	162	2	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	162	3	6316	6316	NUM
fbem-4853	163	1	adj.r2	adj.r2	VERB
fbem-4853	163	2	0.071	0.071	NUM
fbem-4853	163	3	0.060	0.060	NUM
fbem-4853	163	4	note	note	NOUN
fbem-4853	163	5	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	163	6	robust	robust	ADJ
fbem-4853	163	7	t	t	NOUN
fbem-4853	163	8	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	163	9	value	value	NOUN
fbem-4853	163	10	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	163	11	shown	show	VERB
fbem-4853	163	12	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	163	13	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
fbem-4853	163	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	1	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	3	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	4	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	6	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	7	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	8	*	*	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
fbem-4853	164	10	10	10	NUM
fbem-4853	164	11	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	164	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	13	5	5	NUM
fbem-4853	164	14	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	164	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	16	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	164	17	%	%	NOUN
fbem-4853	164	18	significance	significance	NOUN
fbem-4853	164	19	levels	level	NOUN
fbem-4853	164	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	164	21	respectively	respectively	ADV
fbem-4853	164	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	165	1	6	6	X
fbem-4853	165	2	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	165	3	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	4	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	165	5	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	6	empirically	empirically	ADV
fbem-4853	165	7	examines	examine	VERB
fbem-4853	165	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	165	9	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	165	11	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	12	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	165	13	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	165	14	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	15	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	165	16	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	165	17	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	18	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	19	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	20	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	165	21	using	use	VERB
fbem-4853	165	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	165	23	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	165	24	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	25	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	165	26	shanghai	shanghai	PROPN
fbem-4853	165	27	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	165	28	shenzhen	shenzhen	PROPN
fbem-4853	165	29	a	a	PROPN
fbem-4853	165	30	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	165	31	shares	share	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	32	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	165	33	china	china	PROPN
fbem-4853	165	34	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	165	35	2007	2007	NUM
fbem-4853	165	36	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	165	37	2020	2020	NUM
fbem-4853	165	38	as	as	ADP
fbem-4853	165	39	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	165	40	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	41	sample	sample	NOUN
fbem-4853	165	42	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	166	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	166	2	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	166	3	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	4	are	be	AUX
fbem-4853	166	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
fbem-4853	166	6	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	166	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	166	8	1	1	X
fbem-4853	166	9	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	166	10	the	the	PRON
fbem-4853	166	11	higher	high	ADJ
fbem-4853	166	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	166	13	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	166	15	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	166	17	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	166	18	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	19	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	166	20	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	166	21	more	more	ADJ
fbem-4853	166	22	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	23	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	24	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	166	26	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	166	27	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	167	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	167	2	2	2	X
fbem-4853	167	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	167	4	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	167	5	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	6	constraint	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	7	brought	bring	VERB
fbem-4853	167	8	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	167	9	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	10	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	11	is	be	AUX
fbem-4853	167	12	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	167	13	important	important	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	14	channel	channel	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	15	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	167	16	influence	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	167	17	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	18	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	19	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	20	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	167	21	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	167	22	3	3	X
fbem-4853	167	23	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	167	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	167	25	improvement	improvement	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	26	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	167	27	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	28	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	29	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	30	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	31	can	can	AUX
fbem-4853	167	32	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
fbem-4853	167	33	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	167	34	positive	positive	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	35	influence	influence	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	36	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	167	37	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	167	38	degree	degree	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	39	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	167	40	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	41	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	42	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	43	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	167	44	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	167	45	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	46	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	47	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	167	48	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	168	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	168	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	3	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	168	4	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	168	5	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	6	enriches	enrich	VERB
fbem-4853	168	7	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	168	8	literature	literature	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	9	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	168	10	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	168	11	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	12	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	168	13	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	168	14	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	15	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	16	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	168	17	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	168	18	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	168	19	consequences	consequence	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	20	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	168	21	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	22	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	23	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	24	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	168	25	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	168	26	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	27	quality	quality	NOUN
fbem-4853	168	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	1	according	accord	VERB
fbem-4853	169	2	to	to	ADP
fbem-4853	169	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	4	findings	finding	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	169	6	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	7	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	9	this	this	DET
fbem-4853	169	10	paper	paper	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	11	proposes	propose	VERB
fbem-4853	169	12	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	13	following	follow	VERB
fbem-4853	169	14	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	15	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	16	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	17	1	1	X
fbem-4853	169	18	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	19	regulators	regulator	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	20	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	169	21	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
fbem-4853	169	22	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	23	supervision	supervision	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	24	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	169	25	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	169	26	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	27	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	29	further	far	ADV
fbem-4853	169	30	improve	improve	VERB
fbem-4853	169	31	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	32	standards	standard	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	33	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	169	34	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	169	35	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	36	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	37	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	169	38	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	169	39	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	169	40	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	41	manipulability	manipulability	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	42	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	169	43	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	169	44	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	45	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	169	46	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	169	47	process	process	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	48	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	169	49	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	50	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	169	51	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	169	52	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	1	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	2	2	2	X
fbem-4853	170	3	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	4	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	5	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	170	6	establish	establish	VERB
fbem-4853	170	7	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	170	8	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	9	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	10	effective	effective	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	11	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	12	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	13	system	system	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	14	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	170	15	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	170	16	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	17	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	19	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	20	cost	cost	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	21	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	22	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	23	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	170	24	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	170	25	aggressive	aggressive	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	26	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	27	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	28	risk	risk	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	29	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	170	30	financing	finance	VERB
fbem-4853	170	31	constrained	constrained	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	32	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	33	;	;	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	34	at	at	ADP
fbem-4853	170	35	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	170	36	same	same	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	37	time	time	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	38	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	39	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	40	should	should	AUX
fbem-4853	170	41	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
fbem-4853	170	42	checks	check	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	43	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	44	balances	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	45	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	46	supervision	supervision	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	47	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	170	48	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	49	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	170	50	reduce	reduce	VERB
fbem-4853	170	51	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	52	's	's	PART
fbem-4853	170	53	selfinterest	selfinter	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	54	activities	activity	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	55	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	56	unreasonable	unreasonable	ADJ
fbem-4853	170	57	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	58	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	59	behavior	behavior	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	60	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	170	61	so	so	SCONJ
fbem-4853	170	62	as	as	SCONJ
fbem-4853	170	63	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	170	64	better	well	ADV
fbem-4853	170	65	protect	protect	VERB
fbem-4853	170	66	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	170	67	interests	interest	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	68	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	170	69	owners	owner	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	70	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	170	71	investors	investor	NOUN
fbem-4853	170	72	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	171	1	references	reference	NOUN
fbem-4853	171	2	[	[	X
fbem-4853	171	3	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	171	4	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	171	5	gleason	gleason	PROPN
fbem-4853	171	6	c.a	c.a	PROPN
fbem-4853	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	171	8	mills	mills	PROPN
fbem-4853	171	9	l.f	l.f	PROPN
fbem-4853	171	10	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	171	11	materiality	materiality	NOUN
fbem-4853	171	12	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	171	13	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	171	14	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	171	15	liability	liability	NOUN
fbem-4853	171	16	reporting[j	reporting[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	171	17	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	171	18	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	172	1	accounting	accounting	PROPN
fbem-4853	172	2	review	review	PROPN
fbem-4853	172	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	172	4	2002	2002	NUM
fbem-4853	172	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	172	6	77(2):317	77(2):317	NOUN
fbem-4853	172	7	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	172	8	342	342	NUM
fbem-4853	172	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	173	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	173	2	2	2	NUM
fbem-4853	173	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	173	4	zhao	zhao	PROPN
fbem-4853	173	5	liping	liping	PROPN
fbem-4853	173	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	174	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	174	3	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	174	4	current	current	ADJ
fbem-4853	174	5	situation	situation	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	174	7	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	8	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	174	9	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	10	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	174	11	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	174	12	matters	matter	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	13	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	174	14	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	174	15	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	174	16	share	share	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	17	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	174	19	shenzhen	shenzhen	PROPN
fbem-4853	174	20	[	[	X
fbem-4853	174	21	j].friends	j].friend	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	22	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	174	23	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	24	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	174	25	lower	low	ADJ
fbem-4853	174	26	journal	journal	NOUN
fbem-4853	174	27	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	174	28	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	174	29	2008	2008	NUM
fbem-4853	174	30	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	174	31	12):42	12):42	NUM
fbem-4853	174	32	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	174	33	44	44	NUM
fbem-4853	174	34	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	175	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	175	2	3	3	X
fbem-4853	175	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	175	4	karen	karen	PROPN
fbem-4853	175	5	m.	m.	PROPN
fbem-4853	175	6	hennes	henne	NOUN
fbem-4853	175	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	176	1	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	176	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	176	3	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	176	4	legal	legal	ADJ
fbem-4853	176	5	liabilities[j	liabilities[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	176	6	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	176	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	177	1	journal	journal	PROPN
fbem-4853	177	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	177	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	177	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	177	5	public	public	ADJ
fbem-4853	177	6	policy,2014,33(1	policy,2014,33(1	NOUN
fbem-4853	177	7	)	)	PUNCT
fbem-4853	177	8	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	178	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	178	2	4	4	X
fbem-4853	178	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	178	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	178	5	zijian	zijian	PROPN
fbem-4853	178	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	178	7	wang	wang	PROPN
fbem-4853	178	8	lifeng	lifeng	PROPN
fbem-4853	178	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	179	1	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	179	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	179	3	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	179	4	by	by	ADP
fbem-4853	179	5	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	179	6	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	179	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	179	8	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
fbem-4853	179	9	for	for	ADP
fbem-4853	179	10	improvement[j	improvement[j	PRON
fbem-4853	179	11	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	179	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	180	1	finance	finance	NOUN
fbem-4853	180	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	180	3	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	180	4	monthly	monthly	ADV
fbem-4853	180	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	180	6	2010(32):22	2010(32):22	NUM
fbem-4853	180	7	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	180	8	24	24	NUM
fbem-4853	180	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	181	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	181	2	5	5	X
fbem-4853	181	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	181	4	liu	liu	PROPN
fbem-4853	181	5	xiaojie	xiaojie	PROPN
fbem-4853	181	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	181	7	su	su	PROPN
fbem-4853	181	8	ke	ke	PROPN
fbem-4853	181	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	182	1	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	182	2	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	182	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	182	4	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	182	5	companies[j	companies[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	182	6	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	182	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	183	1	finance	finance	NOUN
fbem-4853	183	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	183	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	183	4	newsletter	newsletter	NOUN
fbem-4853	183	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	183	6	2012	2012	NUM
fbem-4853	183	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	183	8	13	13	NUM
fbem-4853	183	9	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	183	10	74	74	NUM
fbem-4853	183	11	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	183	12	75	75	NUM
fbem-4853	183	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	184	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	184	2	6	6	NUM
fbem-4853	184	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	184	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	184	5	jiuju	jiuju	PROPN
fbem-4853	184	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	185	1	problems	problem	NOUN
fbem-4853	185	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	185	3	reflections	reflection	NOUN
fbem-4853	185	4	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	185	5	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	185	6	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	185	7	contingencies[j	contingencies[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	185	8	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	185	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	186	1	green	green	ADJ
fbem-4853	186	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	186	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	186	4	2013(01):40	2013(01):40	NUM
fbem-4853	186	5	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	186	6	42	42	NUM
fbem-4853	186	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	187	1	119	119	NUM
fbem-4853	188	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	188	2	7	7	X
fbem-4853	188	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	188	4	ma	ma	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	5	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	188	7	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	8	junrui	junrui	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	188	10	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	11	bin	bin	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	12	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	188	13	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	14	qi	qi	PROPN
fbem-4853	188	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	189	1	contingencies	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	189	2	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	189	3	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	189	4	review	review	NOUN
fbem-4853	189	5	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	189	6	outlook	outlook	NOUN
fbem-4853	189	7	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	189	8	research[j	research[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	189	9	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	189	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	190	1	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	190	2	modernization	modernization	NOUN
fbem-4853	190	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	190	4	2011(06	2011(06	NUM
fbem-4853	190	5	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	190	6	35	35	NUM
fbem-4853	190	7	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	190	8	37	37	NUM
fbem-4853	190	9	+	+	NOUN
fbem-4853	190	10	43	43	NUM
fbem-4853	190	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	191	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	191	2	8	8	NUM
fbem-4853	191	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	191	4	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	191	5	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	191	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	191	7	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	191	8	zhe	zhe	PROPN
fbem-4853	191	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	191	10	wang	wang	PROPN
fbem-4853	191	11	fang	fang	PROPN
fbem-4853	191	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	191	13	does	do	AUX
fbem-4853	191	14	contingent	contingent	VERB
fbem-4853	191	15	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	191	16	facilitate	facilitate	NOUN
fbem-4853	191	17	analysts	analyst	NOUN
fbem-4853	191	18	'	'	PART
fbem-4853	191	19	forecasts	forecast	NOUN
fbem-4853	191	20	?	?	PUNCT
fbem-4853	192	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	192	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	192	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	192	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	193	1	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	193	2	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	193	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	193	4	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	193	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	193	6	37	37	NUM
fbem-4853	193	7	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	193	8	10	10	NUM
fbem-4853	193	9	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	193	10	96	96	NUM
fbem-4853	193	11	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	193	12	105	105	NUM
fbem-4853	193	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	194	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	194	2	9	9	NUM
fbem-4853	194	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-4853	194	4	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	5	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	194	7	dai	dai	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	8	deming	deming	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	194	10	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	11	zhe	zhe	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	12	.	.	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	13	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	194	14	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	194	15	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	194	16	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	194	17	fees	fee	NOUN
fbem-4853	194	18	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	194	19	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	194	20	quality[j	quality[j	PROPN
fbem-4853	194	21	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	194	22	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	195	1	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	195	2	issues,2016(03):123128	issues,2016(03):123128	NOUN
fbem-4853	195	3	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	196	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	196	2	10	10	NUM
fbem-4853	196	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	196	4	banks	bank	NOUN
fbem-4853	196	5	d.	d.	PROPN
fbem-4853	196	6	w.	w.	PROPN
fbem-4853	196	7	kinney	kinney	PROPN
fbem-4853	196	8	w.	w.	PROPN
fbem-4853	196	9	r.	r.	PROPN
fbem-4853	196	10	loss	loss	PROPN
fbem-4853	196	11	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	196	12	reports	report	NOUN
fbem-4853	196	13	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	196	14	stock	stock	NOUN
fbem-4853	196	15	prices	price	NOUN
fbem-4853	196	16	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	196	17	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	196	18	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	196	19	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	197	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	197	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	197	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	197	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	198	1	journal	journal	PROPN
fbem-4853	198	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	198	3	accounting	accounting	PROPN
fbem-4853	198	4	research,1982,(20):240	research,1982,(20):240	PROPN
fbem-4853	198	5	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	198	6	254	254	NUM
fbem-4853	198	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	199	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	199	2	11	11	NUM
fbem-4853	199	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	199	4	kasznik	kasznik	X
fbem-4853	199	5	r	r	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	199	7	lev	lev	PROPN
fbem-4853	199	8	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-4853	199	9	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	199	10	warn	warn	VERB
fbem-4853	199	11	or	or	CCONJ
fbem-4853	199	12	not	not	PART
fbem-4853	199	13	to	to	PART
fbem-4853	199	14	warn	warn	VERB
fbem-4853	199	15	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	199	16	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	17	disclosures	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	18	in	in	ADP
fbem-4853	199	19	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	199	20	face	face	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	21	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	199	22	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	199	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	24	sur	sur	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	25	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	199	26	prise[j	prise[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	199	27	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	199	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	200	1	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	200	2	review,1995,70(1):113	review,1995,70(1):113	PROPN
fbem-4853	200	3	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	200	4	134	134	NUM
fbem-4853	200	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	201	2	12	12	NUM
fbem-4853	201	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	201	4	koprowski	koprowski	PROPN
fbem-4853	201	5	w.r	w.r	PROPN
fbem-4853	201	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	7	arsenault	arsenault	PROPN
fbem-4853	201	8	s.j	s.j	PROPN
fbem-4853	201	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	10	cipriana	cipriana	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	11	m.	m.	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	12	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	201	13	statement	statement	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	14	reporting	reporting	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	15	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	201	16	pending	pende	VERB
fbem-4853	201	17	litigation	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	18	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	19	attorneys	attorney	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	20	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	21	auditors	auditor	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	22	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	23	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	201	24	difference	difference	NOUN
fbem-4853	201	25	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	201	26	opinions[j	opinions[j	PROPN
fbem-4853	201	27	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	201	28	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	202	1	fordham	fordham	PROPN
fbem-4853	202	2	journal	journal	PROPN
fbem-4853	202	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	202	4	corporate	corporate	PROPN
fbem-4853	202	5	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-4853	202	6	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	202	7	law	law	NOUN
fbem-4853	202	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	202	9	2009	2009	NUM
fbem-4853	202	10	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	202	11	15(2):439	15(2):439	NUM
fbem-4853	202	12	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	202	13	458	458	NUM
fbem-4853	202	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	203	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	203	2	13	13	NUM
fbem-4853	203	3	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	203	4	kelvin	kelvin	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	5	k.	k.	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	6	f.	f.	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	7	law	law	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	203	9	lillian	lillian	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	10	f.	f.	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	11	mills	mills	PROPN
fbem-4853	203	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	204	1	taxes	taxis	NOUN
fbem-4853	204	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	204	3	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	204	4	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	204	5	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	204	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
fbem-4853	204	7	from	from	ADP
fbem-4853	204	8	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
fbem-4853	204	9	cues[j	cues[j	PROPN
fbem-4853	204	10	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	204	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	205	1	journal	journal	PROPN
fbem-4853	205	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	205	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	205	4	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	205	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	205	6	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	205	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	205	8	53(4	53(4	NUM
fbem-4853	205	9	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	205	10	777	777	NUM
fbem-4853	205	11	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	205	12	819	819	NUM
fbem-4853	205	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	206	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	206	2	14	14	NUM
fbem-4853	206	3	]	]	SYM
fbem-4853	206	4	mao	mao	PROPN
fbem-4853	207	1	xinshu	xinshu	PROPN
fbem-4853	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	207	3	meng	meng	PROPN
fbem-4853	207	4	j.	j.	PROPN
fbem-4853	207	5	internal	internal	PROPN
fbem-4853	207	6	control	control	PROPN
fbem-4853	207	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	207	8	litigation	litigation	NOUN
fbem-4853	207	9	risk[j	risk[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	207	10	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	207	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	208	1	management	management	PROPN
fbem-4853	208	2	world,2013(11):155	world,2013(11):155	PROPN
fbem-4853	208	3	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	208	4	165	165	NUM
fbem-4853	208	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	209	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	209	2	15	15	NUM
fbem-4853	209	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	209	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	209	5	dunli	dunli	PROPN
fbem-4853	209	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	209	7	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	209	8	ting	ting	PROPN
fbem-4853	209	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	210	1	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	210	2	power	power	NOUN
fbem-4853	210	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	210	4	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	210	5	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	210	6	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	210	7	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	210	8	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	210	9	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	210	10	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	210	11	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	210	12	moderating	moderate	VERB
fbem-4853	210	13	effect	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	210	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	210	15	environmental	environmental	ADJ
fbem-4853	210	16	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	211	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	211	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	211	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	211	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	212	1	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	212	2	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	212	3	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	212	4	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	212	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	212	6	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-4853	212	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	212	8	33	33	NUM
fbem-4853	212	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	212	10	02):60	02):60	NUM
fbem-4853	212	11	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	212	12	68	68	NUM
fbem-4853	212	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	213	2	16	16	NUM
fbem-4853	213	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	213	4	dong	dong	PROPN
fbem-4853	213	5	xiaohong	xiaohong	PROPN
fbem-4853	213	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	7	dai	dai	PROPN
fbem-4853	213	8	deming	deming	PROPN
fbem-4853	213	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	10	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	213	11	zhe	zhe	PROPN
fbem-4853	213	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	13	relevance	relevance	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	14	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	213	15	reliability	reliability	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	16	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	213	17	contingency	contingency	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	18	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	19	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	20	an	an	DET
fbem-4853	213	21	empirical	empirical	ADJ
fbem-4853	213	22	test	test	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	23	based	base	VERB
fbem-4853	213	24	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	213	25	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	213	26	approaches	approach	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	27	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	213	28	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	213	29	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	30	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	31	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	32	recognition	recognition	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	33	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	213	34	off	off	ADP
fbem-4853	213	35	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	36	balance	balance	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	37	sheet	sheet	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	38	disclosure[j	disclosure[j	NOUN
fbem-4853	213	39	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	213	40	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	214	1	journal	journal	PROPN
fbem-4853	214	2	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	214	3	shanxi	shanxi	PROPN
fbem-4853	214	4	university	university	PROPN
fbem-4853	214	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	214	6	finance	finance	NOUN
fbem-4853	214	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	214	8	economics,2017,39(01):110	economics,2017,39(01):110	PROPN
fbem-4853	214	9	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	214	10	124	124	NUM
fbem-4853	214	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	215	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	215	2	17	17	NUM
fbem-4853	215	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	215	4	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	215	5	xiaolin	xiaolin	PROPN
fbem-4853	215	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	215	7	wang	wang	PROPN
fbem-4853	215	8	yutao	yutao	PROPN
fbem-4853	215	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	215	10	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	215	11	yunsen	yunsen	PROPN
fbem-4853	215	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	216	1	firm	firm	ADJ
fbem-4853	216	2	size	size	NOUN
fbem-4853	216	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	216	4	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	216	5	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	216	6	expertise	expertise	NOUN
fbem-4853	216	7	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	216	8	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	216	9	probability	probability	NOUN
fbem-4853	216	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	216	11	informed	informed	ADJ
fbem-4853	216	12	transactions	transaction	NOUN
fbem-4853	217	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	217	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	217	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	217	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	218	1	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	218	2	research,2013(02):69	research,2013(02):69	NOUN
fbem-4853	218	3	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	218	4	77	77	NUM
fbem-4853	218	5	+	+	NOUN
fbem-4853	218	6	95	95	NUM
fbem-4853	218	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	219	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	219	2	18	18	NUM
fbem-4853	219	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	219	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	219	5	ting	ting	PROPN
fbem-4853	219	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	219	7	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	219	8	dunli	dunli	PROPN
fbem-4853	219	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	220	1	auditor	auditor	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	2	industry	industry	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	3	expertise	expertise	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	4	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	220	5	contingent	contingent	ADJ
fbem-4853	220	6	information	information	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	7	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	8	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	220	9	moderating	moderate	VERB
fbem-4853	220	10	effects	effect	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	11	based	base	VERB
fbem-4853	220	12	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	220	13	client	client	NOUN
fbem-4853	220	14	materiality	materiality	NOUN
fbem-4853	221	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	221	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	221	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	221	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	222	1	audit	audit	PROPN
fbem-4853	222	2	&	&	CCONJ
fbem-4853	222	3	economic	economic	ADJ
fbem-4853	222	4	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	222	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	222	6	2019	2019	NUM
fbem-4853	222	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	222	8	34	34	NUM
fbem-4853	222	9	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	222	10	01	01	NUM
fbem-4853	222	11	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	222	12	33	33	NUM
fbem-4853	222	13	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	222	14	43	43	NUM
fbem-4853	222	15	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	223	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	223	2	19	19	NUM
fbem-4853	223	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	223	4	shen	shen	PROPN
fbem-4853	223	5	huihui	huihui	PROPN
fbem-4853	223	6	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	224	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	224	2	impact	impact	NOUN
fbem-4853	224	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	224	4	environmental	environmental	ADJ
fbem-4853	224	5	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
fbem-4853	224	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	224	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
fbem-4853	224	8	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	225	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	225	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	225	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	225	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	226	1	audit	audit	NOUN
fbem-4853	226	2	research,2010(01):89	research,2010(01):89	NOUN
fbem-4853	226	3	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	226	4	96	96	NUM
fbem-4853	226	5	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	227	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	227	2	20	20	NUM
fbem-4853	227	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	227	4	abernethy	abernethy	PROPN
fbem-4853	227	5	m.a	m.a	PROPN
fbem-4853	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	227	7	kuang	kuang	PROPN
fbem-4853	227	8	y.f	y.f	PROPN
fbem-4853	227	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	227	10	qin	qin	PROPN
fbem-4853	227	11	b.	b.	PROPN
fbem-4853	228	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	228	2	influence	influence	NOUN
fbem-4853	228	3	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	228	4	ceo	ceo	NOUN
fbem-4853	228	5	power	power	NOUN
fbem-4853	228	6	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	228	7	compensation	compensation	NOUN
fbem-4853	228	8	contract	contract	NOUN
fbem-4853	228	9	design[j	design[j	PROPN
fbem-4853	228	10	]	]	PUNCT
fbem-4853	228	11	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	229	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	229	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	229	3	review	review	NOUN
fbem-4853	229	4	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	229	5	2015	2015	NUM
fbem-4853	229	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	229	7	90(4	90(4	NUM
fbem-4853	229	8	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	229	9	1265	1265	NUM
fbem-4853	229	10	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	229	11	1306	1306	NUM
fbem-4853	229	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	230	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	230	2	21	21	NUM
fbem-4853	230	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	230	4	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	230	5	jianying	jianying	PROPN
fbem-4853	230	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	230	7	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	230	8	ping	ping	PROPN
fbem-4853	230	9	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	230	10	li	li	PROPN
fbem-4853	230	11	tingting	tingting	PROPN
fbem-4853	230	12	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	231	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
fbem-4853	231	2	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	231	3	influencing	influence	VERB
fbem-4853	231	4	factors	factor	NOUN
fbem-4853	231	5	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	231	6	income	income	NOUN
fbem-4853	231	7	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	231	8	burden	burden	NOUN
fbem-4853	231	9	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	231	10	chinese	chinese	ADJ
fbem-4853	231	11	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
fbem-4853	231	12	listed	list	VERB
fbem-4853	231	13	companies	company	NOUN
fbem-4853	232	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	232	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	232	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	232	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	233	1	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	233	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	233	4	2015(12):41	2015(12):41	NUM
fbem-4853	233	5	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	233	6	44	44	NUM
fbem-4853	233	7	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	234	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	234	2	22	22	NUM
fbem-4853	234	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	234	4	steven	steven	PROPN
fbem-4853	234	5	n.	n.	PROPN
fbem-4853	234	6	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
fbem-4853	234	7	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	234	8	luigi	luigi	PROPN
fbem-4853	234	9	zingales	zingales	PROPN
fbem-4853	234	10	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	235	1	do	do	AUX
fbem-4853	235	2	investment	investment	NOUN
fbem-4853	235	3	-	-	PUNCT
fbem-4853	235	4	cash	cash	NOUN
fbem-4853	235	5	flow	flow	NOUN
fbem-4853	235	6	sensitivities	sensitivity	NOUN
fbem-4853	235	7	provide	provide	VERB
fbem-4853	235	8	useful	useful	ADJ
fbem-4853	235	9	measures	measure	NOUN
fbem-4853	235	10	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	235	11	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	235	12	constraints?[j	constraints?[j	X
fbem-4853	235	13	]	]	X
fbem-4853	235	14	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	236	1	the	the	DET
fbem-4853	236	2	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
fbem-4853	236	3	journal	journal	NOUN
fbem-4853	236	4	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	236	5	economics	economic	NOUN
fbem-4853	236	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	236	7	1997	1997	NUM
fbem-4853	236	8	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	236	9	112	112	NUM
fbem-4853	236	10	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	236	11	1	1	NUM
fbem-4853	236	12	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	236	13	169	169	NUM
fbem-4853	236	14	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	236	15	215	215	NUM
fbem-4853	236	16	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	237	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	237	2	23	23	NUM
fbem-4853	237	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	237	4	zhang	zhang	PROPN
fbem-4853	237	5	jinxin	jinxin	PROPN
fbem-4853	237	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	237	7	wang	wang	PROPN
fbem-4853	237	8	yi	yi	PROPN
fbem-4853	237	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	238	1	accounting	account	VERB
fbem-4853	238	2	conservatism	conservatism	NOUN
fbem-4853	238	3	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	238	4	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	238	5	financing	financing	NOUN
fbem-4853	238	6	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	238	7	:	:	PUNCT
fbem-4853	238	8	a	a	DET
fbem-4853	238	9	study	study	NOUN
fbem-4853	238	10	based	base	VERB
fbem-4853	238	11	on	on	ADP
fbem-4853	238	12	two	two	NUM
fbem-4853	238	13	types	type	NOUN
fbem-4853	238	14	of	of	ADP
fbem-4853	238	15	conservatism	conservatism	NOUN
fbem-4853	238	16	perspective	perspective	NOUN
fbem-4853	239	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	239	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	239	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	239	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	240	1	accounting	accounting	NOUN
fbem-4853	240	2	research	research	NOUN
fbem-4853	240	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	240	4	2013	2013	NUM
fbem-4853	240	5	(	(	PUNCT
fbem-4853	240	6	09	09	NUM
fbem-4853	240	7	):	):	PUNCT
fbem-4853	240	8	44	44	NUM
fbem-4853	240	9	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	240	10	50	50	NUM
fbem-4853	240	11	+	+	NOUN
fbem-4853	240	12	96	96	NUM
fbem-4853	240	13	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	241	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	241	2	24	24	NUM
fbem-4853	241	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	241	4	chen	chen	PROPN
fbem-4853	241	5	zuohua	zuohua	PROPN
fbem-4853	241	6	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	241	7	fang	fang	PROPN
fbem-4853	241	8	hongxing	hongxe	VERB
fbem-4853	241	9	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	242	1	financial	financial	ADJ
fbem-4853	242	2	constraints	constraint	NOUN
fbem-4853	242	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	242	4	internal	internal	ADJ
fbem-4853	242	5	control	control	NOUN
fbem-4853	242	6	and	and	CCONJ
fbem-4853	242	7	corporate	corporate	ADJ
fbem-4853	242	8	tax	tax	NOUN
fbem-4853	242	9	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
fbem-4853	243	1	[	[	X
fbem-4853	243	2	j	j	X
fbem-4853	243	3	]	]	X
fbem-4853	243	4	.	.	PUNCT
fbem-4853	244	1	management	management	NOUN
fbem-4853	244	2	science	science	NOUN
fbem-4853	244	3	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	244	4	2018	2018	NUM
fbem-4853	244	5	,	,	PUNCT
fbem-4853	244	6	31(03):125	31(03):125	NUM
fbem-4853	244	7	-	-	SYM
fbem-4853	244	8	139	139	NUM
fbem-4853	244	9	.	.	PUNCT