Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management ISSN: 2766-824X | Vol. 10, No. 2, 2023 352 Citespace‐based Knowledge Mapping Analysis of China's Cultural Heritage Institutions and Regulations Xueli Yuan1, * 1School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, China * Corresponding author: Corresponding author: Xueli Yuan (Email: 522025301@qq.com) Abstract: Taking the 1,697 documents obtained from CNKI about the main body of research on cultural heritage regulations as the research object, we analyzed and processed them through Citespace software, sorted out the documents from five aspects: release time, author, institution, key words, and explored the future research trends. The study found that: the main research directions are intangible cultural heritage-related institutional regulations, cultural heritage protection history and legislation, and historical and cultural heritage protection system; future research tends to focus on the protection and institutional construction of the intangible cultural heritage of traditional ethnic sports, research on the current status of legislation and countermeasures for specific categories of cultural heritage, and cross-sectional research on disciplines. Keywords: Citespace, Cultural heritage, Institutional regulations, Intangible cultural heritage, Historical cultural heritage. 1. Introduction The development of digital information technology affects every aspect of our life, and the related research on cultural heritage protection has also introduced digitalization, construction of databases and other analytical methods, which overcomes the shortcomings of the previous subjective combing and researching of the literature. Through the econometric analysis of the literature, it is possible to objectively and comprehensively sort out and summarize the literature in this field, and make a stage-by-stage summary and generalization. Based on the identified knowledge map of cultural heritage regulation research, it can help us grasp the direction and trend of research as a whole, and provide direction and guidance for subsequent research focus and innovation. At present, scholars have already used scientific knowledge mapping to sort out the research on cultural heritage, and there are already research results such as Wen Tingxiao et al. (2016) [1], Chen Yaoyao et al. (2016) [2], and Wang Changsong et al. (2019) [3], etc. based on a variety of visualization tools to visualize and compare the analysis of intangible cultural heritage, and from the cooperation of the research authors, the cooperation of the institutions, and the keywords clustering den , involving the research content of national sports, industrial heritage and other aspects. The research on cultural heritage literature is mostly focused on a certain category of cultural heritage, the protection of cultural heritage cannot be separated from the improvement of laws and regulations, but the literature related to cultural heritage laws and regulations has not been sorted out and analyzed by scholars. Therefore, based on bibliometrics, using citespace to visualize and analyze the literature, and on the basis of scientific knowledge mapping of cultural heritage regulations, we can sort out the hotspots and directions of China's cultural heritage regulations in the period of 1988-2021, and analyze the insufficiencies and vacancies in the research of cultural heritage protection regulations, which is of great significance for the advancement of the protection of China's cultural heritage. It is of great significance to promote the protection of China's cultural heritage. 2. Data Sources and Research Methodology 2.1. Data sources CNKI China Academic Journal Database is a generally recognized database for scientific knowledge mapping analysis. In order to ensure that the original data are comprehensive and accurate and have a high degree of authenticity, credibility and interpretation, this paper takes academic journals (online edition) included in China Knowledge Network (CNKI) as the sample data source. The keywords "cultural heritage system", "cultural heritage regulations", "heritage system", "heritage regulations" were used as the search terms. theme keywords for searching, the search time span is 1988-2022, the search results were repeatedly organized, checked, deleted conferences, newspapers and irrelevant literature, a total of 1697 valid sample literature (the search time is December 31, 2021)), and all the valid literature were exported in refworks format to the Citespace software to process and analyze. 2.2. Research methodology Scientific knowledge mapping is a kind of relational network diagram used to present and analyze the process of scientific knowledge development, research hotspots, research frontiers and trends, and knowledge relevance. The current way of mapping knowledge in academia is mainly through Citespace, Ucinet, SPSS, VOSviewer and so on. In this paper, we use Citespace 5.0.R5 SE (64 bit) as an analysis tool to format and convert the data exported from CNKI database, to draw various types of knowledge graphs according to the research needs, and to show the research hotspots and trends in the research field through the size of the nodes, the density of the network and other elements. 3. Statistics and Analysis 3.1. Analysis of the distribution of the time of issuance Research on cultural heritage regulations From the point of 353 view of the total amount of literature, the research on cultural heritage regulations in China has shown an overall upward trend, with a slight decline and fluctuation starting in 2017, as shown in Figure 1. From the figure, it can be seen that the number of publications has increased year by year since 2004, indicating that the protection of cultural heritage and the construction of institutional regulations have attracted the attention of scholars. From the point of view of the development stage, the institutional regulations for cultural heritage protection in China have experienced three stages: slow growth, rapid growth, and fluctuating growth. Figure 1. Statistical distribution of annual publications in literature related to cultural heritage systems, 1988-2021 Phase I: Slow growth. From the late 1980s to 2004, scholars began to focus on the construction of cultural heritage regulations. Since the promulgation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics in 1982 and the announcement of the first batch of 24 national historical and cultural cities, and then China's accession to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1985, the protection of cultural heritage has been emphasized by both the state and the scholars, and scholars began to explore the history of the protection of China's cultural heritage and to sort out the problems in the construction of the cultural heritage protection system. In 2002, the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics was revised again, further clarifying the concept of famous historical and cultural cities and formally proposing the names of historical and cultural districts (villages and towns), so that the three levels of protection of famous cities had clear legal concepts. Stage 2: Rapid growth. 2004 to 2011 was a period of rapid growth in research on cultural heritage protection and institution building. 2004 was the starting point of the first rapid growth, mainly due to China's accession to the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage on August 28, 2004, which shifted from focusing on the protection of cultural heritage at the material level to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. During this period, the attention of scholars to intangible cultural heritage increased rapidly, and the power of writing articles also showed a rising trend year by year. The attention of the academia and the state led to the promulgation of China's second legal document on the protection of cultural heritage, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Intangible Cultural Heritage, in 2011. Stage III: Fluctuating growth: The number of articles published after 2011 shows a fluctuating growth, mainly focusing on the research on the legal system and management system construction of intangible cultural heritage. These include discussions on the institutional construction and protection countermeasures for the intangible cultural heritage of sports, marine cultural heritage, natural cultural heritage, heritage bearers, intangible cultural heritage and intellectual property rights system. 3.2. Statistical analysis of issuing organizations Citespace software was used to analyze the issuing institutions of 1679 articles to understand the research status and actual contribution of the issuing institutions to the field of traditional villages (Table 1). In order to have a more intuitive statistics of the issuing institutions, the data analysis here is limited to the issuing institutions of the first author. From the data analysis, the research on cultural heritage regulations is mainly concentrated in colleges and universities, followed by research institutes and other institutions. There are 8 institutions with the frequency of more than 5, except for China Cultural Heritage Research Institute and China Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University, which are research institutes, and the rest are all universities, among which China Cultural Heritage Research Institute has the largest number of articles, with a total of 13 articles, followed by School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University, School of Civil and Commercial Law of Southwestern University of Political Science and Law, School of Law of Central South University, School of History and Archives of Yunnan University, School of Law of Renmin University of China, School of History and Archives of Yunnan University, and School of Law of Yunnan University. Yunnan University School of History and Archives and so on. In terms of disciplinary intersection, the 354 main disciplines of research in this field are law schools, architecture schools and cultural heritage research centers. Relying on their own advantageous resources, the universities and institutions have explored the path of cultural heritage regulations. For example, the Law School of Central South University summarizes and analyzes the institutional construction of the inheritance and development of China's intangible cultural heritage [4]，[5], the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage explores the path of local legislation of the world's cultural heritage and provides a reference for China [6], Tongji University and Southeast University design the system of the protection and reuse of industrial heritage [7][8], and the People's University of China draws on the legal system of Western Europe to explore the protection to the operation of the cultural heritage [9], etc., but the On the whole, the intensity of cooperation is not great, and the formation of the network of cooperating institutions is mainly dominated by the authors' academic affiliation, and there is almost no interdisciplinary institutional cooperation. The research of intangible cultural heritage is a comprehensive research subject related to multidisciplinary knowledge system, and the independent research of a single institution will show various drawbacks, in order to achieve good research results, not only need to be interdisciplinary, but also need to carry out nationwide extensive linkage across regions and institutions, but due to the shortcomings of China's scientific research management system (project declaration, recognition of scientific research results, division of scientific research funds, etc.), it has hindered the cooperation between scientific research institutions to a certain extent. To a certain extent, the cooperation between scientific research institutions is hindered [10]. Table 1. Key institutions for research on cultural heritage legislation in the first 10 years 1988-2021 Number Frequency Organization 1 13 Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage 2 8 School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University 3 6 Southwest University of Political Science and Law, School of Civil and Commercial Law 4 6 School of Law, Central South University 5 5 School of Law, Renmin University of China 6 5 Yunnan University, School of History and Archives 7 5 Research Center for Intangible Cultural Heritage of China, Sun Yat- sen University 8 5 School of Architecture, Southeast University 9 4 Central South University for Nationalities (CSUN) 10 4 Law School of Central University for Nationalities 3.3. Keyword Knowledge Graph Analysis 3.3.1. Keyword hotspot analysis The keywords were clustered and analyzed, and the top 12 clusters were selected according to the intensity of emergence, and were found to be: protection, legal protection, intangible cultural heritage, cultural heritage, cultural heritage protection, protection system, civil code, historical and cultural heritage, historic and cultural cities, system, historical heritage, world heritage, revelation, respectively (Figure 2). Combined with the keyword co-occurrence mapping (Figure 3 and Table 2), it can be found that the research focuses on three main aspects: Figure 2. Keyword clustering mapping for research on cultural heritage regulations, 1988-2021 355 Table 2 Top 15 high-frequency keywords for research on transmission of cultural heritage regulations, 1988-2021 Number Frequency Byword Earliest year 1 617 Protection of intangible cultural heritage 2004 2 349 Heritage conservation 2001 3 199 cultural heritage 1988 4 90 Legal protection 2005 5 66 intellectual property rights (law) 2008 6 53 an inheritance 2004 7 44 an heir apparent 2009 8 41 legislate 2006 9 39 historical and cultural heritage 1989 10 38 (UNESCO) World Cultural Heritage 2003 11 35 national minority 2008 12 31 tourism development 2009 13 29 Intellectual Property Protection 2006 14 26 protective system 2000 15 20 Intangible Cultural Heritage in Sports 2012 16 19 Conservation and development 2008 17 17 traditional folk sports 2011 18 15 system (e.g. political, adminstrative etc) 2006 19 13 administrator 2008 20 12 local legislation 2006 Figure 3. Co-occurrence network mapping of keywords for cultural heritage regulations, 1988-2021 1. The first is the study of institutions and regulations related to intangible cultural heritage. Intangible cultural heritage has received great attention from the State and academia since 2004. Scholars have put forward their own thoughts on the protection and institutional construction of intangible cultural heritage. For example, Chen Qingyun (2006) discusses the legal system for the protection of intangible cultural heritage from the three aspects of the legislative guiding ideology, legal protection mode and management system of intangible cultural heritage, and puts forward the establishment of a legislative guiding ideology that emphasizes both protection and development and utilization, the convergence of the domestic legislation with the international standards as well as the establishment of a comprehensive legal protection mode that combines the public law and the private law [11]. Tang Jing (2007) discusses the protection of intangible cultural heritage from the perspective of jurisprudence, and concludes that the positioning of value objectives is the logical premise of perfecting the legal system for the protection of intangible cultural heritage; the transformation of the legislative guiding ideology is the support for perfecting the legislation for the protection of intangible cultural heritage; and the integration of legal norms is the realistic way of perfecting the legal system of the protection of intangible cultural heritage [12]. Whether intangible cultural heritage is applicable to intellectual property rights for the protection of private interests is a very controversial issue. Qiu Pingrong et al. (2003) argued that many developing countries have included folklore works into the scope of intellectual property protection, and that China should accelerate the pace of legislation to comply with this trend [13]. Qi Aimin (2008) believes that intellectual property rights should be self- transcended and developed to meet the protection needs of different categories of intangible cultural heritage, and puts forward the proposed strategies of patent protection model, trade secret protection model, copyright protection model, trademark protection model, and specialized intellectual property protection system according to the five categories of intangible cultural heritage classified by UNESCO [14]. On this basis, relevant research on the system of intangible cultural heritage bearers has been extended. Li Xufeng et al. (2012) put forward four reflections on the system of intangible cultural heritage bearers after investigating the status of representative bearers of national intangible cultural heritage in Zhejiang Province: firstly, while recognizing the 356 "individual" bearers, we should draw on the way of "group recognition" in Japan; secondly, we should introduce the "connotation of heritage subject" in the selection process; secondly, we should introduce the "group recognition" in the selection process. First, while recognizing the "individual" inheritors, we should learn from the Japanese "group recognition" method to restore the "connotation of the main body of the heritage"; second, we should introduce the mechanism of community participation in the selection process; third, we should improve the system of representative inheritors' generation replacement; and fourth, we should increase the proportion of female inheritors [15]. Other scholars have proposed to improve the legal system of public participation in ICH [16]~[17]. Exploration of the archive management system of ICH began after 2005 [18]. According to Wang Yunqing and Zhao Linlin, to do a good job of ICH archives, five main principles should be followed: timely archiving, authenticity and completeness, systematic order, hierarchical protection and optimal utilization [19]. The types of intangible cultural heritage that scholars pay attention to are also more diversified, such as sports cultural heritage [20]，[21]，[22]，[23], agricultural cultural heritage [24][25], and so on. 2. The second is a discussion of the history and legislation of cultural heritage protection. Wang Lin (2000) compares the similarities and differences among China, Britain, France and Japan in terms of the legislative system, administrative management system and protection fund guarantee system for the protection of historical and cultural heritage, and puts forward some problems that need to be solved institutionally in the process of the protection of historical and cultural heritage in China [26]. Wei Hanbin et al. (2019) take the cultural heritage registration system of Japan, Britain and Korea as an example to explore the sustainable development of cultural heritage and provide a reference for the protection of cultural heritage in China [27]. Chang Jiekun (2008) explores the legislative work of cultural heritage protection with Xinjiang Autonomous Region as an example [28]. Zhu Jianzhen et al. (2013) discussed the protection history of China's underwater cultural heritage [29]. Many scholars have explored the legal system of intangible cultural heritage at the local level, such as Taiwan [30], Hubei Province [31], Beijing [32], and Shanghai [33]. The legislative issue of natural cultural heritage has also received attention from the academic community. Yue Xiaohua (2020) discussed the current situation of the protection legislation of natural and humanistic relics in China, and proposed to integrate the protection concepts of natural and humanistic relics, introduce specialized legislative documents, and improve relevant systems such as public participation and accountability [34]. 3. The third is the discussion of the protection system for historical and cultural heritage. Although a three-tier protection system for historical and cultural cities was proposed in the revision of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics in 2002, the protection system centered on "cultural heritage units" has also shown various drawbacks in actual protection practices. Shao Yong and Ruan Yisan (2002) discussed the experience of France's historical and cultural heritage protection system, and suggested that the protection of China's historical and cultural heritage needs to pay more attention to the protection of the historical environment, shift from professional protection to community-based comprehensive protection, and shift from focusing on the preservation of history to emphasizing on the value of the reproduction of the value [35]. Zhang Song (2011) proposed that the national and local urban and rural planning regulations should be improved, and the protection of historical cities, towns and villages should be embedded in the regulatory system [36]. Huang Japing (2012) discussed the technical route of historical and cultural villages and towns protection planning from the aspects of material culture and non-material culture [37]. Liu Qingyu (2013) discussed the protection of linear cultural heritage, and believed that China should ensure the public welfare of heritage resources by building a heritage management system with clear division of labor and unified responsibilities and rights, preparing a scientific and rigorous heritage protection and management plan with emphasis on deliberation and public notification, and constructing a mechanism for cooperation and participation of heritage stakeholder groups [38]. 3.3.2. Keyword development path Through the principle of emergent word detection, the cutting-edge dynamics of cultural heritage regulations can be further analyzed. The so-called emergent words refer to the key terms whose frequency of appearance suddenly increases or whose frequency of use significantly increases in a short period of time, and the results of the detection are shown in Table 3. In the preliminary research of cultural heritage protection, historical cultural heritage is the focus of scholars' attention and research, and with the consensus of the three- level protection system of historical cultural heritage, especially historical and cultural cities, the demands and calls for legal protection and legislation of intangible cultural heritage, natural cultural heritage and underwater cultural heritage are also getting higher and higher. With the consensus on the three-tier protection system for historical and cultural heritage, especially for historical and cultural cities, the demand and call for legal protection and legislation for intangible cultural heritage, natural cultural heritage, and underwater cultural heritage have become increasingly high. After the promulgation of the Law on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2011, research on the protection and institutionalization of intangible cultural heritage of traditional ethnic sports has gradually increased, and has been a hot topic of research so far. The research on the current status of cultural heritage legislation began in 2014, ended relatively late, and will continue to be promoted in subsequent research, there are only two pieces of legislation for cultural heritage, the systematization and comprehensiveness of cultural heritage protection will become the focus of future research on cultural heritage regulations, such as the introduction of a special type of legal document for natural cultural heritage will become one of the topics that scholars continue to focus on and discuss. At present, the trend of interdisciplinary and inter-institutional cooperation is relatively small, and in the future, the disadvantages of a single discipline in the future will encourage multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research on cultural heritage regulations to be explored. 357 Table 3. Keyword highlights of cultural heritage legislation, 1988-2021 Byword Dissociation Beginning of the year Final year 1988-2021 Historical and cultural heritage 6.43 1989 2005 Legal protection 5.13 2005 2007 legislate 4.89 2006 2010 countermeasures 4.8 2011 2017 traditional folk sports 4.41 2011 2014 status quo 3.59 2014 2016 Intangible Cultural Heritage in Sports 4.84 2018 2021 4. Conclusion Based on the scientific knowledge mapping visualization analysis of 1697 journal documents in CNKI, the research results show that: (1) from the point of view of the time of issuance, the research on cultural heritage regulations in China is divided into three phases: slow growth, rapid growth, and fluctuating growth; (2) from the point of view of issuance institutions, the issuance institutions are mostly concentrated in colleges and universities, followed by research institutes, and the institutions mainly take the way of independent research, with little cooperation; (3) from the keyword knowledge mapping analysis, the keyword hotspots are roughly developed along three directions. little; (3) from the analysis of keyword knowledge map, the keyword hotspot of cultural heritage regulations is roughly developed along three directions, firstly, it is the research of intangible cultural heritage related institutions and regulations, secondly, it is the discussion on the history of cultural heritage protection and legislation, and thirdly, it is the discussion on the protection system of historical and cultural heritage; (4) it is necessary to pay attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage of national traditional sports and institution building in the future research (4) In future research, attention needs to be paid to the protection and institutional construction of traditional ethnic sports intangible cultural heritage, the study of the current status of legislation and countermeasures for specific categories of cultural heritage, and the study of the cross-disciplinary research. 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