Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management ISSN: 2766-824X | Vol. 5, No. 1, 2022 28 A Summary of Social Work Intervention Residents' Participation in Community Governance Ning Yang School of Sociology, Henan University of Economics and Law, Henan, 450000, China * Corresponding author: Ning Yang (Email: yankee96@163.com) Abstract: With the deepening of social system reform in China, community governance has become an important part of the current reform. The degree of community residents participating in community governance is of great significance to community construction. Therefore, establishing the dominant position of community residents and enhancing their sense of belonging in the community can better promote residents' participation and promote community development. However, social workers play an important role in the process of promoting residents' participation. When social work is gradually promoted into communities, how social workers use their professional knowledge to let community residents understand community governance and how to promote residents' participation in community governance have also become issues studied by academic circles. This paper reviews the current situation of residents' participation and social work intervention in residents' participation in community governance, so as to promote social work to play its unique advantages in community governance. Keywords: Social work, Participation of residents, Community governance, Literature review. 1. Introduction The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to realize the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and further promote the construction of a harmonious society. In January 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the Central Political and Legal Work Conference that it is necessary to further promote innovation in community governance, build a new type of grass-roots social governance system full of vitality and efficiency, and create a social governance pattern of co-construction, co- governance and sharing. The community is the basic unit of society, the level of community governance determines the level of social governance, and the participation of residents in community governance is a fundamental project for the development of socialist democracy. Residents' participation in community governance is conducive to improving the level of community governance. Improving the level of community governance requires the support of a professional talent team. As a profession, social work can play an important role in the practice of community governance. As a self-help profession, social work can use professional theoretical analysis tools and professional techniques and methods to evaluate community problems and residents' needs, and propose targeted solutions, which is conducive to improving the level of community governance. 2. Research on the main body of community governance With the increasing complexity of social problems and the diversification of people's needs, it is far from enough to rely on the government as a top-down administrative body of governance. The participation of multiple subjects also requires the design of a scientific and efficient governance structure and a democratic governance process that emphasizes equal consultation. Community governance is a process of linkage and cooperation among various subjects. Ge Tianren believes that with the in-depth development of the market economy, people's pursuit of a better life has become the main desire of current residents. Therefore, the government should provide people with a variety of public service products in various ways to improve residents' happiness. In the context of social development, the government should play a macro-guidance and planning role in promoting the democratization of grass-roots communities and improving the self-government system of community residents. The main body of the enterprise, and the role of community neighborhood committees and community grassroots organizations, improve and innovate community governance systems and mechanisms. Zhang Xuelin believes that to innovate the system of social governance and realize the modernization of community governance, it is not necessary to completely remove the administrative affairs of the community neighborhood committee, because this will make the community neighborhood committee in a marginal state, which is not conducive to the development of the community, and the focus should be on handling administrative affairs. Seek a balance in the process of neutralizing and promoting residents' self-governance. As one of the main bodies of community governance, residents need to follow certain principles in the process of participating in community governance, such as equality and voluntariness. Community organization is a platform for residents to participate in community governance, and community activities are the carrier for residents to participate in community affairs. In the process of community governance, community residents are not isolated and single, and community residents cannot do without equal communication with each subject of community governance. , Only through exchanges and cooperation and the establishment of trust relationships can we jointly participate in community governance and improve the level of community governance. Zheng Hangsheng believes that it is necessary to improve the main structure of community governance, including market entities and social entities, promote multiple governance, and seek cooperation and complementarity among various 29 governance entities. Lin Mingang and Yin Hang believe that in the new era, the development direction of my country's community governance is pluralistic co-governance, and the relationship between the various subjects of community governance should be equal. Therefore, it is a key step to improve the level of community governance to build a cooperation platform for equal communication between the government, the community, and community residents. Chen Weidong and Chen Ai also agree that community governance is the cooperative participation of multiple actors. He believes that the government, social organizations, residents' committees, and residents should be in a relationship of equal cooperation, mutual benefit, and mutual benefit. In this relationship of equality and mutual benefit, community residents are at the core. Many scholars have discussed the subject of community governance in order to grasp the essence of community governance under the new governance system. 3. Research on the Status Quo of Residents' Participation in Community Governance 3.1. Types of Residents' Participation in Community Governance Jiang Xiaoping and Heng Xia proposed that in the process of community governance, residents mainly participate in the whole process of decision-making, supervision and implementation of community public affairs. The participation type of residents' autonomy; secondly, the pseudo-participation of residents under the same circumstances; the last is the participation mode of residents' spontaneous formation without a mature participation mechanism. Yang Min can divide the types of community participation into four categories according to the "true" and "false" participation of residents, also known as partial participation and full participation. There are four types of guided participation, entertainment-based spontaneous participation, and rights-based planned participation. He Xuesong classified residents' community participation into three categories: passive participation (bystander, demanded), cooperative participation (try to enter, accept, and enter the circle) and autonomous participation (self-reliance, leadership, balance). Community residents' participation will eventually change from passive participation to autonomous participation. 3.2. Residents' Participation in Community Governance The development of community governance in my country is not particularly mature, and there are still some problems in residents' participation in community governance. Many scholars have discussed it from the institutional aspect and the individual level of residents. From the perspective of the system, some scholars have expressed that there is a problem that the functions of the government have not been fundamentally transformed, and that residents are too dependent on the government. Luo Jiawei reviewed the history of the community governance model and reviewed the reasons why it is difficult to truly get rid of the inertia of the administrative system in my country's community governance. Since the government has played a dominant role for a long time, the community system later emphasized the cooperation between the government and the society and the participation of residents. , but the effect is not particularly ideal in actual practice. Song Wenhui believes that the construction of urban communities in China is mostly initiated against the historical background of the failure of the all-powerful government and the failure of the all-powerful market. Under this background, it is difficult for residents to get rid of the constraints and constraints of the long-term planning system in the short term. Some scholars believe that there is still a lack of normative systems for residents to participate in community governance. Luo Xinying believes that due to the lack of a set of rules and regulations to follow, the management of neighborhood committees lacks certain standardization. Most neighborhood committees organize residents to participate in activities in a task-oriented attitude, ignoring the actual needs of residents, so residents are essentially in a passive position. position; another problem is the lack of operational and monitoring mechanisms to safeguard the residents’ proposals at the congress. Dong Yan explained from the perspective of social policy and analyzed that community public welfare funds lack the constraints of institutional norms, and their daily operation and management are performed by both social organization personnel and community personnel, lacking relevant experience, so it is difficult to achieve professional and standardized long-term. Effective operation is not conducive to the long-term promotion of community governance. From the perspective of individual residents, due to the influence of traditional culture and historical factors, it is difficult to awaken the public spirit of Chinese residents' participation in governance. Although the awareness of residents' participation has improved to a certain extent since the reform and opening up, this awareness is mainly manifested as Awareness of rights protection in personal interests. Wu Qiang found in the process of community investigation that many residents involved in community governance have relevant suggestions and opinions. Although this reflects the improvement of residents' awareness of participation to a certain extent, they did not bring themselves to the community. Governance subject. Community residents are an important subject of community governance, but the effect of residents' participation is not very satisfactory at this stage. How to take various methods to activate their enthusiasm is an issue worth exploring. 3.3. Factors Affecting Community Resident Participation Many scholars have analyzed the influencing factors of residents' participation from the macro and micro levels, and most scholars have explored the factors affecting residents' participation from the system level. Scholar Yang Guihua believes that the pattern of “separation of government and society” in the community management system under the existing system has not really changed, and community residents are more dependent on the government, which is not conducive to the formation of residents’ awareness of social participation. Scholar Li Liming compared the willingness to participate of residents with social security and those without social security, and concluded that social security has an impact on residents' ability to participate. Residents without social security will rely more on the government and often show higher participation needs. At the micro level, domestic scholars mainly analyze personal attributes, and conduct research from the aspects of individual gender, age, education 30 status, and income. Based on the assumptions of modern economics, scholar Liu Yan analyzes the essence of affecting residents' participation behavior is whether the participation action can bring benefits and utility to residents, and whether it satisfies the principle of maximizing residents' interests. In short, neither a single macro perspective nor a micro perspective can solve a problem alone, and it needs to be systematically analyzed. 3.4. The Ability of Residents to Participate in Community Governance Fang Jun believes that the level of residents' participation ability is a factor that affects residents' participation. Enhancing residents' participation ability can be improved from the aspects of communication ability, negotiation ability, resource and information acquisition ability. Zhao Xinyan said: Residents with insufficient ability to participate tend to participate in cultural and recreational activities, and participation in cultural and recreational activities is a lower level of community participation. The improvement of the level of community governance requires deeper participation of residents, such as participation in the negotiation and discussion of community public affairs, as well as various political activities in the community. Therefore, enhancing the ability of residents to participate in community governance should become a key task at present. Zhu Hui found from the collected data that the willingness of community residents to participate is related to the stock of social capital in the community. The higher the community social capital, the higher the willingness of residents to participate. This is also an important factor that affects the ability of residents to participate. Community leaders generally have more social capital in the community than ordinary residents in the community, so their role is higher, and they are more willing to participate in the process of community governance, realize self-worth, and participate in the process of community governance. Play a leading and leading role in the process. Wu Guangyun and Li Jianhua believe that residents' participation is not only affected by personal factors such as residents' own personality traits, cultural background and social support network, but also by community resources and social support network. Explore and cultivate community resources and build a strong social support network. It is conducive to enhancing the ability of residents to participate in community governance. Luo Xiaoxuan said that it is necessary to cultivate community self- governing organizations and broaden the channels for residents to participate. In the process of participating in community governance, residents have strengthened the interaction between residents, and residents have enhanced their ability to participate in the process of interaction. Chen Xiaolin also advocates cultivating non-governmental non- profit organizations to help residents express their needs and interests, build a diverse level of residents' participation, and enhance residents' willingness and opportunities to participate, thereby enhancing residents' ability to participate in community governance. Gao Hong and Gong Xue proposed that it is necessary for residents to participate in community social organizations. Through organized participation, residents can strengthen their team consciousness, thereby promoting the development of residents' ability to negotiate, cooperate and divide labor. , play a positive role in enhancing residents' participation ability. 4. Research on Social Work Intervention Residents' Participation in Community Governance 4.1. The Feasibility of Social Work to Promote Residents’ Participation in Community Governance Wang Shousong and Liu Na believe that social work has professional values and values. Under the guidance of professional values, social workers should be supporters and encourage residents to make full use of their superior resources, give full play to their own initiative, and actively participate in Go to the practice of community governance, so as to enhance the residents' sense of identity, belonging and responsibility in a silent form. Ren Zheng believes that social workers intervene residents to participate in community governance through the use of casework, group work, community social work and administrative social work, providing community residents with scientific work methods and professional technical support. It is conducive to promoting the enthusiasm of residents to participate, enhancing their sense of self-identity, attracting more and more residents to participate in community public affairs, and meeting the individual needs of residents, thereby enhancing the motivation and ability of residents to participate. Chen Weidong and Ma Tao pointed out: With the increasing complexity of social contradictions, improving the grass- roots community governance system has become an important task at present. However, due to the lack of residents' participation in community governance, a discordant situation has been formed, that is, the government is acting, and the society is inactive. Action, residents do not act. Therefore, in order to change the status quo of participating in community governance, it is necessary to stimulate and awaken the residents' awareness of the subject. Social workers use empowerment theory to intervene from the three dimensions of residents, organizations and communities, and promote residents to participate in community governance. 4.2. The Origin and Development of Social Work Intervention Residents' Participation in Community Governance On the origin and development of social work intervention in residents' participation in community governance research, Yan Zhen pointed out that in the 1920s and 1930s, Chinese scholars Yan Yangchu and Liang Shuming initiated the North China Civilian Education Movement and Rural Construction Movement. People used professional methods to carry out service activities for the community. Although the development of social work in my country was not fully formed at that time, it was also the first exploration of social work in the early days of our country to enter the community and serve the community, which played an important role in promoting the construction of our community. effect. According to the 2014 government work report, my country advocates the introduction of the power of social organizations in the process of social governance and public service construction, promotes the pattern of joint governance by multiple subjects, and promotes innovation in social governance. Provided policy support. 31 4.3. Research on the Role of Social Work Intervention in The Process In terms of the role of social work in the process of intervention, Wang Sibin believes that my country's social governance includes management and control (judicial field), game-based social governance (instrumental governance), negotiated governance (equal communication) and service. There are four types of governance, among which the mode of social work participating in social governance is a typical service-oriented governance. Social work plays an important synergistic role in the social governance structure of co- construction and sharing: in the process of work, social work focuses on problem awareness and evidence-based, comprehensively understands and evaluates the needs of clients, and takes the interests of clients as the basis. The starting point is to attach importance to the subjective role of service objects, and to continuously improve service quality and efficiency through professional reflection. In addition, he also proposed that the role of social work in the construction of a social governance community is as follows: first, the function of social work and the professional services it provides can promote the construction of a governance community; second, through professional social work, it is settled in grassroots social governance. , can effectively achieve social fairness and justice, and promote the social participation of residents; third, it also plays an important role in the field of social control and community activities. 4.4. Research on the Existing Difficulties and Countermeasures of Social Work Intervention Chen Weidong and Ma Tao pointed out that a significant problem in the current community governance in my country is the lack of subjectivity of residents' participation. In this regard, social work needs to work with community staff and other resources in the community, pay attention to the training and improvement of residents' ability to participate, and promote the realization of residents' decision-making power over community public affairs. Song Li and Liu Jianan believe that social work can use professional advantages in the process of intervention to maximize the role of community residents as the main body of participation, empower residents with more rights, and promote the community from "rule of man" to "good governance" more quickly. In view of the current difficulties faced by the residents' needs, the contradictions between multiple participants and the lack of cooperative governance faced by the current grassroots community governance in my country, He Xuesong believes that social work can promote residents' participation in community governance from the following aspects: Professional advantages, formulate corresponding community development plans according to the actual needs of residents, establish a community differentiated service mechanism and a classified management system; establish and cultivate community organizations, integrate community resources, and promote government-social cooperation through the introduction-cultivation-joint three methods ;Reallocate and utilize community resources according to the actual needs of residents, provide community services based on the characteristics of my country's existing big data and the Internet + community governance model, and promote residents' community participation; Advocate with the professional values of social work, strengthen the community work team Knowledge cultivation, traditional mass work and modern social work are organically combined. Wang Ruihua emphasized that in the process of promoting residents' participation in community governance, social work plays various roles, such as a participant in community governance, a resource linker, a policy caller, a service manager, and a leader of community governance innovation. 5. Literature Review By reviewing and sorting out the existing literature, it can be seen that a large number of scholars have analyzed and explained the related research on residents' participation in community governance in my country, and they all pay more attention to the core position of residents' participation in community governance. Scholars have studied the status quo, predicament, influencing factors, and solutions and suggestions of residents' participation in community governance. Among them, there are many related studies on social work intervention in residents' participation in community governance. Readers provide a lot of ideas and references, and also provide experience for the research on this aspect of our academic circles. However, when reviewing the relevant literature, it is also found that it has certain deficiencies. In the process of community development in my country, there are also common urban mixed communities, and the residents of such communities have different backgrounds due to their previous lives. Therefore, there are inevitably various problems in the governance process, but there is a lack of corresponding empirical research in the relevant literature; the situation of community participation has been generally formed in my country, but the overall development of community participation in our country presents a state of unbalanced development. There are many factors to study it. There is a lack of relevant literature to explore the reasons behind it: many existing scholars have studied social work intervention in community governance from theoretical perspectives such as advantage perspective theory, synergy theory, and structural functionalism theory. The process of residents participating in community governance is a continuous process. In the process of learning, there will be some problems in the behavior of residents in this process, which needs to be guided by relevant theories, but the existing literature rarely analyzes it from the perspective of social learning theory. References [1] Ge Tianren. Three Logics and Theoretical Synthesis of Community Governance since the founding of the People's Republic of China [J]. Social Policy Research, 2019(01):49-59. [2] Zhang Xuelin. "Retrieving" the city and "removing the charm" of resident autonomy [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2018. [3] Zheng Hangsheng, Huang Jialiang. 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