Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management ISSN: 2766-824X | Vol. 13, No. 3, 2024 220 Study on the Regional Differences of Shaanxi Folk Songs Zhe Hu Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) College of Sports and Music, Jinan Changqing, 250000, China Abstract: One side of the soil and water to support one people, create one side of the soil and water people sing a song. There is a close connection between music and geography. Most of the production of folk music culture depends on the corresponding natural geographical environment and shows the corresponding regional music characteristics, creating the regional folk songs or lofty or delicate, so as to outline a colorful traditional folk music masterpiece. Shaanxi folk song is the song of the laborer, word of mouth from generation to generation to preserve and spread, because of the unique geographical environment of Shaanxi province, Shaanxi folk song regional whether from the singing style, performance form, instrument has typical regional characteristics, this paper depends on the geographical environment of Shaanxi province brief analysis of three regions of Shaanxi folk song type and its characteristics. Keywords: Northern Shaanxi, Southern Shaanxi, The central Shaanxi plain, Folk song, Difference. 1. Human and Geographical Differences in Shaanxi Province 1.1. The overall difference Shaanxi province has a large range of north and south latitude span, spanning about 1000 kilometers. From the terrain, Shaanxi Province is high from the north to the south and low in the middle. From the north to the south, the northern Shaanxi Plateau, the Guanzhong Plain and the mountains of southern Shaanxi are successively. The topography and elevation of each region differ obviously, thus shaping the very different natural geographical environment of the three places. First of all, intuitively compare the human geography differences in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. 1.2. Housing differences In the loess Plateau area of northern Shaanxi, the texture of loess is the same, the soil is loose and easy to dig, and the water cement and orthostasis are particularly good. Northern Shaanxi has a unique group cave housing. Guanzhong area is mainly in the wei river plain, is the birthplace of China's farming civilization, is also the earliest Chinese building area, after the change of one thousand years, formed of primitive simplicity grand building style, housing basic adopted, Xiangyang and pay attention to daylighting, with wood beam bearing, brick, stone, earth parapet. In southern Shaanxi, there are many hills and hills, and the environment is humid, so the early houses are built along the river, the building materials are made on local materials, the stone houses with local characteristics in Nanzheng, Ningqiang and Chenggu mountains, and other characteristic houses such as stilted houses. 1.3. difference in diet The climate of different days has created a variety of food customs in Shaanxi, The Northern Shaanxi region is located in the Loess Plateau, Due to the dry and less rainy climatic conditions, Crops are in corn, millet, soybean, Millet and other coarse grains are mainly used, Raise more cattle and sheep, The dietary characteristics of the people in northern Shaanxi are mainly cattle and sheep, coarse grains; The Guanzhong area is located in the Weihe River Plain, fertile land, Mainly by growing wheat, Achieved the national civilized pasta culture in Guanzhong region, Such as belt, oil, throat, etc.; Southern Shaanxi region is humid climate, abundant rainfall, Closer to the southern climate, Provide good conditions for planting water-loving crops such as rice, The staple food is mainly rice, And counties and cities have their own unique eating style, There are very similar characteristics. 1.4. The dialect difference The dialects of northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi are Shanxi, Central Plains and Southwest China. The pronunciation of Northern Shaanxi dialect is close to the intonation of Shanxi dialect, with a strong nasal pronunciation, which belongs to the northern language system of China. It is often used to use heavy words to express the intimate tone. Guanzhong dialect is the oldest language in China, and Guanzhong dialect was called "elegant yan" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The dialect of southern Shaanxi province is close to northern Sichuan and western Hubei province, and is more inclined to Bashu dialect, which is mixed with a small distribution of Guanzhong, Jianghuai mandarin, Chu, Jiangxi and Hunan languages, and belongs to the southern language family of China. 2. Differences in the Types of Folk Songs in Shaanxi Province 2.1. Northern Shaanxi folk songs Northern Shaanxi is located in the Loess Plateau, harsh climate, low crop production level, generations to grazing work. In the living environment facing the loess back to the sky, the people of northern Shaanxi live in poverty, only by singing two voices to express their inner sufferings. Therefore, the folk songs of northern Shaanxi have distinct love and hate, which are characterized by many overlapping words. Under the influence of the desolate and empty natural and geographical environment of the Loess Plateau, the folk songs sing with a strong three-dimensional sense of space, and the songs are high and bold, and the lyrics are simple and cordial. The theme of folk songs in northern Shaanxi is mainly divided into two kinds: Xintianyou and Shanyu. Letter day 221 swim is the main type of northern shaanxi folk songs, relying on northern shaanxi dialect habits, lyrics to double word to enhance emotion, sometimes for emotional need lyrics for nine words, cross, eleven characters, shaanxi folk lyrics content broad, more for true feelings, such as "military cooperation unity" expressed the shaanxi people's love of the Chinese red army of workers and peasants. In addition, the overall structure of another form of northern Shaanxi folk songs is generally the same as that of Xintianyou, but not as high as the wide coverage. Close exchanges with Inner Mongolia and Shanxi neighboring provinces, so by the influence of Mongolian folk songs and Shanxi folk songs and the influence of Xintianyou in northern Shanxi, Shanqu presents a diversified style characteristics. 2.2. Guanzhong folk songs Compared with northern and southern Shaanxi, the types and numbers of folk songs in Shaanxi are mainly divided into two types: Guanzhong folk songs and Baoji flowers. Baoji flowers are widely sung in Guanzhong folk songs, mainly distributed in Fengxian county and Baoji counties. They mostly sing in high accent, and communicate closely with Gansu and Ningxia provinces. Therefore, under the influence of Gansu flowers, they have developed into Baoji flowers. Singing in the mountains and fields, the content of the lyrics and music scenery, lyrical narrative, the number of sentences can be more or less, the rhythm is relatively free, mainly in seven words. 2.3. Southern Shaanxi folk songs Folk songs in southern Shaanxi are the region with the largest variety and number of folk songs in Shaanxi Province. Most of southern Shaanxi is located in the Qin and Ba areas. In the geographical environment of overlapping mountains, clear water and blue sky, and terraced fields full of mountains, the folk songs in southern Shaanxi mostly use high style, which is beautiful and penetrating. The folk songs in southern Shaanxi are based on the living environment of the people, the local customs of the people's livelihood, and the inner feelings, and also simulate the images of all things in natural life. The melody rhythm of the folk songs of southern Shaanxi created according to different environments are also different, competing for different things and complementing each other. There are four types of folk songs in southern Shaanxi: folk song, folk song tune, folk song and suona song. Most of the folk songs are impromptu love songs, mainly in love. Most boys sing in high tones and in loud and clear voices. The tones of folk songs have fixed names of lyrics and songs, with different lengths of lining words lining cavity, mainly seven words, five words lyrics, complete structure. The folk song song can have few or no words, the lyrics can be long or short, the vocal range is fluctuating, and the rhythm is flexible. It is improvised to release emotions, so the content lacks integrity. The suona song, which simulates the tone of suona, is widely used in marriage leave, funeral, festival and sacrifice due to its clear and clear sound. Suona song has a lively rhythm and complete structure, and is a folk song combining high-tune folk songs and suona tones. 3. Differences in Minor Key Type in Shaanxi Province Folk songs are sung in mountains and fields, while minor tunes are sung in rooms, courtyards and villages. They are folk tunes with strong local characteristics. For example, the Go Xi Kou in Northern Shaanxi Minor, which reflects the situation of poor land, poor failure, poor life in the northern Shaanxi, and the humid climate is suitable for rice, tea, etc. 3.1. Northern Shaanxi minor tone Northern Shaanxi minor is generally divided into four types of songs: general minor, silk string minor, Shehuo minor and custom minor. Among them, the general small tune songs throughout most counties in northern Shaanxi. Silk string minor is a kind of sitting and singing song accompanied by silk string instruments. The content narrates the scene, and the feelings are real and vivid. The lyrics are usually long, and the melody is euphemistic and stirring. Shehuo minor tune is mainly performed in large festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and temple fair in Shaanxi. The combination of singing and dancing music, rich and colorful content, various forms. The performance team of Shehuo minor tune in northern Shaanxi is generally large, with magnificent scenes, singing and dancing, gongs and drums. Custom tune is a song sung by the people in northern Shaanxi in the custom passed down from generation to generation. For example, the people of northern Shaanxi have the custom of singing wine songs before the banquet and banquet, which is passed down from generation to generation to form a type of song, which has fixed tunes and lyrics, and can also be improvised for creation. 3.2. Guanzhong minor tone Guanzhong minor is also divided into four types: general minor, silk string minor, Shehuo minor and custom minor. During marriage and funeral in Guanzhong area, musicians are invited to sit, play, recite and sing opera. Influenced by Qinqiang Opera, the minor tunes have opera style. The general minor tune mainly takes the local customs, narrative romance as the main content, the song sings all the human conditions, mostly sung in dialect language but many decoration, with the characteristics of original ecological folk songs. Melody ups and downs graceful do not lose strength, passion with vicissitudes of life, common seven words, five words four sentences more ten words two sentences, four sentences. Silk string minor is a kind of sitting and singing minor tune sung in Guanzhong. There are heavy and sad and vivid. Most of them are small words in life, and the accompaniment is mainly banhu, bell, flute and erhu. The most famous tune in Guanzhong is Shehuo minor, including five types of Yangko, land boat, bamboo horse, taxi, and zi yangko. Guanzhong Yangko tune has a long history and is well known. The lyrics cover life, emotion, labor customs and other contents, and the tunes are sometimes vigorous and powerful and sometimes delicate and gentle. The local accompaniment of Yangko is composed of three folk percussion instruments, gong, gong and cymbals. Every year around the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, there are folk song and dance performances, also commonly known as "playing Shehuo". The special tune is a kind of tune to persuade people to follow the good time. 3.3. Minor in southern Shaanxi The minor key songs in southern Shaanxi are rich in content, but their influence is relatively weak. Southern Shaanxi minor major also includes four major genres: general minor, silk string minor, Shehuo minor and custom minor. Generally, the minor tunes are widely distributed, with many 222 songs describing the love theme of men and women, and the daily life, thoughts and emotions are all sung in the songs. The silk string minor is different from the rough and high style, which is more euphemistic and delicate style. The small tune in southern Shaanxi includes four types: flower drum, lotus boat, bamboo horse and money. Flower drum folk song is the most popular folk songs, generalized on the flower drum is people celebrating the festival of singing and dancing form, spread around the narrow sense of the flower drum is a "flower drum", the singing in different forms, lyrics also have difference, but whether singing or performance flower drum play, with large and small instruments to accompany. In the custom tune, it is divided into eight types of songs, including guessing song, praying for rain, crying marriage song, sacrificial song, filial piety song, Korean folk song and spring ox song. Since ancient times, daughters in the families of southern Shaanxi people sing "crying marriage song" before their marriage, "filial piety song" during funerals, and "sacrificial song" when worshiping gods. In general, there are many kinds of minor in southern Shaanxi, but different, a hundred flowers bloom. 4. Differences of haotypes in Shaanxi Province Haozi is one of the earliest music art forms with the longest history and the highest popularity in human music culture. It is a folk song improvised by the working people in order to drive the emotion of labor and convey the spirit of labor. The original song has no specific and complete lyrics, only the rhythm, which is a simple Shouting and Shouout to cooperate with the high intensity of labor. Such as "hey" hey hey "" hey roar " and other oral lyrics. From the melody and rhythm to the expression of lyrics, the singing form are closely related to labor. What to sing what song, what kind of song, the rhythm is concise and lively, with high, passionate, bold as the main characteristics. 4.1. Northern shaanxi haozi Northern Shaanxi haozi is mainly divided into four types: Yellow River boatman, tamping, ramand coal. Among the four themes of coal, coal is only distributed in Yulin city of northern Shaanxi, which is the most unique regional characteristics. Northern Shaanxi Yulin coal resources are rich, the size of the coal mine, coal mines in Yulin counties, coal mining in underground coal coal, with wheels out mine, need everybody coordination strength, alternate each mine, because the twisted coal process abnormal effort so in order to improve the cooperation between miners, reduce the fatigue in the process of heavy load labor, active labor atmosphere, was produced by one led, all together, follow the twisted coal wheels running rhythm of labor song, said twisted coal song. 4.2. Guanzhong haozi Compared with northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong has slightly more types, which are divided into seven types: tamping, handling, box, hoe, Yellow River, Weihe, and Jinghe. Box song is in the guanzhong unique geographical landscape under the influence of music products, mainly from the southern qinling Baoji chicken county, is also the only creation of this type song record area, iron furnace bellows workers called the box master, box song is the bellows workers make iron while singing creation, the rhythm of free tone, high stretch. The Yellow River, Weihe River, Jinghe boat boat songs, with their main musical characteristics, high, powerful, magnificent, short words and concise tunes, are mostly used in the process of boat adjustment, boat pulling, boat pulling, shed building and so on. Although the tune style is similar, the music style is different due to the different geographical environment. 4.3. In southern shaquhao There are seven equal kinds of songs in southern Shaanxi and those in Guanzhong, but the content of the songs is quite different. The climate conditions in southern Shaanxi are obviously superior to those in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong. The climate is humid without heat and cold, the soil of the Han River valley is fat and flat, and the precipitation is abundant, so the agriculture is more developed. Therefore, the farming song is produced in the busy agricultural production. Because of the north south of qinling in accordance with the mountain, is located in the han river valley, workers pry stone, moving stones, hit stones, such as mountain to work more, mainly concentrated in Hanzhong south zheng county and town of Shangluo, both han, Guangdong mountain, tower yunshan, haitang mountain, mountains, and are mountain stone, created with geographical environment characteristics of stone song. Its rhythm is simple and lively, combined with the speed of labor, one person leads the people to help sing, improvised, rich in content, sonorous and powerful tunes. 5. Conclusion The regional characteristics of music have created the diversity and spatial distribution of folk music in Shaanxi, and formed three music geographical divisions with different regional characteristics and southern Shaanxi in northern Shaanxi and different musical styles. Different geographical environment will shape different cultural landscape, to create the sound of different music, music and geography as two separate disciplines, has not fully integrated on interdisciplinary study, hope that through this paper to three regional music type differences in shaanxi province, can provide a little help to study local folk songs, also hope that the future music geography research method of more mature, hope our Chinese folk songs academic research to the next level. References [1] Lulu Sun, “On the regional characteristics and generating background of Shaanxi folk music” China:Northern music, 2017, 08. [2] Qianwen Song, “Analyze the regional characteristics and development background of Shaanxi folk music” China: The sound of the Yellow River,2019,03. [3] Hu Huang, “Regional characteristics and generating background of Shaanxi folk music” China: Journal of Xinghai Conservatory of Music,2012,12.