Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 
ISSN: 2766-824X | Vol. 19, No. 1, 2025 

 

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Research on Safety Management Evaluation of Chemical 
Enterprises in China 

Xinyu Huang 

South West Petroleum University, Chengdu, 61000, China 

 

Abstract: The chemical industry occupies an important position in the national economy, is China's pillar industry and basic 
industry and has special production characteristics. With the rapid development of science and technology, the workload of th e 

chemical industry, the flow of people and the complexity of the production process is increasing, and the frequency of safety 

accidents has become higher. Therefore, enterprises pay more and more attention to safety management, and safety evaluation 

is essential in enterprise safety management. This paper mainly introduces the factors affecting the safety management of Chinese 

chemical enterprises and the methods and models of safety management evaluation. 

Keywords: Chemical industry; Safety management evaluation. 

 

1. Introduction 

In recent years, under the influence of social economy and 

the deepening reform of market economy, the number of 

chemical enterprises in China is increasing, and the scale of 

construction is constantly expanding. The safety production 

of some chemical enterprises has attracted more and more 

attention from all walks of life, which not only affects the 

sustainable and stable development of the chemical industry, 

but also has a negative impact on social economy, ecological 

environment and people's life and other aspects. In 2021, 

Inner Mongolia Chemical Co., LTD., a large explosion, 

resulting in 4 deaths and 3 injuries, the accident is due to the 

high temperature decomposition explosion when handling 

materials; In 2022, a major fire accident in Changchun, Jilin 

Province, killed 17 people and injured three others, due to 

illegal "gas to oil" transformation of restaurants and 

dangerous operations during peak hours; In 2022, Sinopec 

Shanghai Petrochemical Co., LTD. Ethylene glycol plant 

explosion, resulting in one death, one injury, direct economic 

loss of 9.71 million yuan, the accident is due to pipe clamp 

fracture caused by leakage and subsequent explosion; In 2023, 

a major explosion and fire accident at Liaoning Panjin Haoye 

Chemical Co., LTD., resulting in 13 deaths and 35 injuries, 

was caused by an explosion caused by a pipeline leak; In 2023, 

Shandong Liaocheng Luxi hydrogen Peroxide New Material 

Technology Co., Ltd. explosion and fire accident, resulting in 

10 deaths and 1 injury, caused by hydrogen peroxide device 

working liquid configuration kettle overpressure explosion; 

In 2023, Ningxia Ningdong Energy and Chemical Base 

Changyi Clean Energy Co., Ltd. large deflagration accident 

caused 4 deaths, direct economic losses of 12.04 million yuan, 

the cause of the accident is the illegal use of storage tanks, 

construction units illegal hot fire operation; In 2023, Hebei 

Tangshan Longquan Chemical Auxiliary Co., Ltd. explosion 

accident, resulting in 2 deaths and 1 injury, the accident 

occurred because of production workshop waste water 

distillation tank; In 2023, Anhui Jinxing Titanium Dioxide 

Group Co., Ltd. poisoning and asphyxiation accident, 

resulting in 5 deaths and 1 injury, the accident was caused by 

workers violating the restricted space operation regulations, 

inhaling hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases. All kinds of 

safety accidents in the chemical industry continue to occur, 

and the loss is very serious. There is a certain gap between the 

safety management status of the chemical industry and the 

high-quality development situation of China's chemical 

industry. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent the 

occurrence of safety accidents, it is necessary to fully 

understand the safety management status quo of the chemical 

industry, as well as its own industry characteristics. And the 

safety management work as the primary work of the 

enterprise work. 

2. Research on Safety Management of 
Chemical Enterprises 

China's industrialization process began relatively late 

compared with foreign countries, and correspondingly, the 

importance of enterprise safety production was also relatively 

late, so China's research on safety management evaluation 

was obviously many years later than foreign countries. 

However, with the frequent occurrence of various safety 

accidents, chemical enterprises realized the importance of 

safety. The state began to pay more and more attention to the 

safety of chemical enterprises, the relevant laws and 

regulations, standards and regulations have been promulgated 

and implemented, all kinds of industrial enterprises and 

industry management departments also began to attach great 

importance to safety production. In the past decades, the rapid 

development of China's chemical industry has brought 

significant economic benefits, but it is also accompanied by 

serious safety risks. Many scholars have conducted in-depth 

research on the issue of safety management in the chemical 

industry from different angles to improve the safety level of 

the industry. 

(1) Research on safety management 

Markway pointed out that special processes, equipment and 

the high frequency of hazardous substances in the chemical 

industry increase the risk of accidents. Therefore, it is 

necessary to strengthen the risk assessment and control 

measures in the production process. [1] Geng Yunlei studied 

the regulatory role of the government in safety management, 

stressed the importance of laws, regulations and policy 

systems, and proposed that stricter regulations are needed to 

guide enterprises to improve their consciousness of safety 

management. [2] Xu Feiyan pointed out the characteristics of 



 

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safety culture in the chemical industry and expounded the 

important role of safety culture construction in enhancing 

employees' safety awareness and reducing safety accidents. 

Through case analysis, the successful experience and 

advanced practices are summarized, which provides a 

reference for other chemical enterprises, aiming at promoting 

chemical enterprises to establish a popular safety culture and 

provide a solid guarantee for safe production. [3] Xiao Ping 

et al. studied the importance of safety education and training 

in enterprises, emphasizing that regular training and drills 

should be used to enhance employees' emergency response 

ability. [4] In addition, Zhang Zhiyuan analyzed the 

application of human factor engineering in chemical safety, 

and believed that the occurrence of human error can be 

effectively reduced by optimizing the working environment 

of operators and improving the design of man-machine 

interface. [5] Jin Zhi believes that the chlor-alkali chemical 

industry is an important part of China's industry, and doing a 

good job in the chlor-alkali chemical industry is conducive to 

the good development of metallurgical industry and light 

industry. In view of the existing safety problems in the 

development process of chlor-alkali chemical industry, the 

standard measures of equipment safety management should 

be strengthened. [6] In order to improve the level of safety 

management in the petrochemical industry, Li Tong believes 

that the promotion and application of information technology 

will develop into an important trend, and considers a series of 

challenges caused by the application of information 

technology, and believes that the organic combination of 

information means and safety management should be 

strengthened to achieve high-quality development of the 

petrochemical industry. [7] Qi Nan investigated the current 

situation of emergency management in Chinese chemical 

enterprises. Through professional research and investigation, 

he accurately found out the effective measures of internal 

accident emergency management in enterprises, such as 

setting emergency work content, introducing new 

technologies, enhancing safety management awareness, 

reducing accident safety risks and building emergency 

prevention systems, to improve the handling level of 

enterprise safety accidents. [8] In addition, Cheng Yawei 

studied the application of artificial intelligence data platform 

in safety evaluation. Artificial intelligence can make the 

production process more simple, make the production control 

more closely, and provide scientific basis for the development 

of safety strategies for chemical enterprises. [9] In order to 

promote the overall improvement of chemical safety 

management, scholars have gradually realized the necessity 

of systematic thinking. Wang Lei proposed that from the 

perspective of system engineering, various safety 

management modules should be integrated to form a more 

efficient safety management system, to promote the safe, 

coordinated and sustainable development of mining work. [10] 

Wang Dengxue suggested adopting total quality management 

in chemical safety management, and taking safety index as 

one of the core performance assessment elements of 

enterprises, which can effectively promote enterprises to 

continuously optimize the safety management mode in 

production activities and ensure the long-term safe operation 

of chemical production. [11] With the deepening of the 

concept of green chemical industry and clean production, the 

application of green chemical technology in safety 

management has gradually become a hot spot.  In order to 

promote the long-term healthy development of the industry 

and contribute to the sustainable development of the 

environment. [12] In addition, Zhao Feng put forward the 

concept of "integrated management of safety and 

environmental protection". Based on the perspective of risk 

prevention and control, he analyzed the shortcomings of 

safety and environmental protection management in China's 

chemical parks and the integrated management strategies of 

safety and environmental protection, hoping to gradually 

improve the safety and environmental management 

mechanism of China's green chemical parks and ensure the 

effectiveness of safety and environmental management in 

green chemical parks [13].  

(2) Research on safety management evaluation methods 

and models 

In addition, many studies focus on the construction of 

safety assessment models to improve the accuracy of risk 

assessment. Deng Qing pointed out that in the actual 

production process, enterprises should choose the appropriate 

evaluation method according to their own production 

situation, adopt one evaluation method as the main and 

multiple evaluation methods to determine the qualitative and 

quantitative analysis of safety hazards, and should formulate 

targeted safety preventive measures to ensure the smooth and 

orderly [14] production. According to the characteristics of 

the coal chemical industry with high flammable and explosive 

risk, Sun Chao studied the risks existing in the coal chemical 

industry from the aspects of safety management and inherent 

danger. On the one hand, the analytic hierarchy process was 

adopted to quantify the management of the enterprise itself; 

on the other hand, the inherent risk evaluation method was 

used to evaluate and grade the inherent risk, so as to classify 

the whole enterprise into coal chemical enterprises The safety 

development of the company provides reference suggestions 

[15]. Luo Huifeng proposed a chemical risk assessment 

model based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, 

which summarized several risk factors such as personnel, 

equipment, environment and management. The model 

showed good adaptability in the face of complex chemical 

processes, and provided support [16] for optimizing safety 

management. In order to solve the uncertainty of risk 

assessment process, Wang Lunyan proposed a comprehensive 

evaluation model of safety risk of shield tunnel construction 

based on entropy weight - set pair analysis - cloud model. The 

final evaluation result was obtained by comparing the risk 

factors with the preliminary judgment results, and its 

effectiveness [17] was verified by a project case. Peifei 

applied the "4M" theory to analyze the factors affecting the 

safety management of power supply enterprises from the four 

aspects of personnel, equipment, environment and 

management, built its evaluation index system, used the 

analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive analysis, 

and finally concluded that enterprises should pay attention to 

strengthening supervision and staff skill training [18]. Su 

Xiaoya proposed a risk assessment method based on the 

normal cloud model, which selects evaluation indicators 

based on intrinsic security, uses the forward cloud generator 

to mitigate the risk matrix threshold, and optimizes the 

evaluation results through the reverse cloud generator, so as 

to obtain the cloud feature number and generate the 

corresponding two-dimensional cloud map. By comparing the 

actual cloud image with the standard cloud image, the risk 

level of each evaluation index is determined, which provides 

a new risk assessment tool [19] for the safety management of 

LNG chemical plants. In addition, Long Yanjiang believes 



 

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that it is necessary to strengthen the safety protection 

awareness of internal employees, identify the influencing 

factors of project safety management performance and their 

interactions, and build a safety management performance 

analysis model from the overall perspective of the project 

based on system dynamics to evaluate the cultivation of the 

comprehensive impact of the safety management behaviors of 

all participants in the construction project on the project 

safety management performance. Thus, the possibility [20] of 

danger can be reduced. Wang Ce proposed a safety 

management evaluation system of chemical enterprises based 

on fuzzy analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The accuracy 

and objectivity [21] of the evaluation were effectively 

improved by grading through a hierarchical index system. 

Zhang Fanghua adopted the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation 

method to evaluate the risk of chemical enterprises, and got a 

reasonable evaluation result, which provided a scientific basis 

[22] for the risk prevention of chemical industry. Zhang Hong 

studied the risk assessment method based on Bayesian 

network, and pointed out that the method can effectively 

assess the risk of complex petrochemical system, and is 

suitable for promotion and application [23] in high-risk 

industries. Liang Yang proposed a data-driven safety 

evaluation model based on big data analysis technology. The 

structure safety evaluation method based on data analysis can 

judge the structure safety level in the absence of certain types 

of data, which further improves the accuracy and timeliness 

[24] of judgment. In addition, Cheng Yawei studied the 

application of artificial intelligence data platform in safety 

evaluation. Artificial intelligence can make the production 

process more simple, make the production control more 

closely, and provide scientific basis [25] for chemical 

enterprises to formulate safety strategies. Chen Qide pointed 

out that the international advanced management system PSM 

will play a good evaluation effect in the chemical industry, 

and the chemical industry needs to establish a safety 

management system [26] with PSM as the core. Li Xiangqian 

put forward that the implementation of process safety 

management (PSM) is inevitable, compared with the elements 

of OSHA in the United States, compared with HSE 

management, safety production standardization elements, and 

proved the effectiveness [27] of the implementation of 

process safety management through case studies. Chen Qian 

established the safety evaluation system of LNG receiving 

station, established the safety warning level, and obtained a 

scientific weight calculation method and an improved safety 

evaluation model after revising the extension theory with the 

combination weighting method. Finally, he verified the safety 

evaluation model with a case, and concluded that the safety 

evaluation model has certain reference value and can make 

timely early [28] warning for the safe operation of LNG 

receiving station. He Baolin established the safety rating 

system for drilling and workover operations, combined the 

expert consultation method with the analytic hierarchy 

method, used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to 

determine the membership matrix of each index, and then 

multiplied the membership matrix with the weight ratio to 

calculate the result and determine its safety level. The results 

show that the safety rating system of drilling workover 

operation is reasonable, the membership matrix and weight 

ratio matrix are accurate and reliable, and the system safety 

evaluation is scientific and reasonable [29]. Liu Jikun used 

the order relation analysis (G1) method to determine the 

subjective weight of each evaluation index, the CRITIC 

method to determine the objective weight, and combined with 

the cloud model theory to establish a fire risk evaluation 

model of lithium-ion battery energy storage power station. 

Taking an energy storage power station as an example to carry 

out the fire risk grade evaluation, the results show that the 

comprehensive cloud characteristic value of the fire risk of 

the energy storage power station is (71.3104, 1.2142, 0.2568), 

the fire risk grade is in "medium risk", and there are serious 

problems in the operating environment and fire protection 

design and other aspects and need to be improved. This paper 

provides a reference [30] for fire prevention and risk control 

of lithium-ion battery energy storage power station. Liu Lu 

constructed two evaluation models of BP and LMBP neural 

network from four aspects of human behavior, state of things, 

management and environment respectively, obtained the 

safety production situation of enterprises, and put forward 

corresponding improvement measures [31]. In order to ensure 

the safe operation of submarine crude oil pipelines, Zhang 

Ying proposed the analysis method of submarine crude oil 

pipeline leakage risk based on DEMATEL and logic tree. This 

method can identify the complex influence relationship 

among the risk factors of subsea crude oil pipeline leakage, 

determine the weak link of pipeline leakage emergency 

treatment and take compensation measures, which can 

provide methodological support [32] for the analysis and 

control of subsea crude oil pipeline leakage risk. Yu Bo 

effectively integrated the subjective weight of analytic 

hierarchy process and the objective weight of entropy weight 

method, and used the combined weighted matter-element 

extension model to evaluate the fire in a coal mine. The model 

was compared with the traditional evaluation methods, and it 

was concluded that the model was not only accurate in the 

evaluation results, but also could reflect the deviation degree 

within the evaluation grade, effectively improving the 

accuracy [33] of the evaluation results. Lei Zhen combined 

the improved AHP with DEMATEL. By combining the two, 

the comprehensive weight is obtained, which not only 

considers the role of each index on the upper index in the 

safety evaluation index system, but also considers the 

influence degree between the two indexes, avoids the 

limitation of a single expert opinion, and the weight obtained 

is more reliable and deterministic, effectively improving the 

objectivity and science [34] of weight seeking. 

3. Summary 

Safety management has been developing for a long time in 

China, and relevant research results are abundant. China pays 

more attention to the systematization of safety management. 

Many research literatures have analyzed the dangerous and 

harmful factors affecting safety management, and these 

factors are usually classified and identified from the 

perspective of personnel, equipment, environment, 

management and materials based on the "5M1E" theory. In 

addition, China's research also pays special attention to the 

improvement and optimization of system design and 

emergency management, and brings these factors into the 

scope of safety management. As an important branch in the 

field of safety management research, China's research on 

safety management evaluation has also formed a relatively 

standardized and perfect research paradigm. The core content 

of safety management evaluation lies in the construction of 

relevant evaluation index system and the selection of 

evaluation methods. Chinese scholars comprehensively apply 

existing evaluation methods. From the initial quantitative 



 

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evaluation to the current combination of qualitative and 

quantitative evaluation, a relatively rich research method 

innovation results have been formed. 

4. Research Trend and Development of 
Safety Management Evaluation 

At present, some regulations of safety management 

evaluation of China's chemical enterprises are not clear and 

perfect, and the second is that the research methods are not 

intelligent enough, so the future policies and regulations of 

China's chemical industry will be more stringent, and the 

evaluation system will be more standardized; Intelligent 

equipment and information technology will be integrated and 

developed, and the application in safety evaluation will be 

significantly enhanced; Self-developed safety assessment 

methods will gradually replace the models introduced earlier, 

and an evaluation system in line with China's national 

conditions will be formed. The number and professional level 

of safety assessment agencies will increase significantly. To 

sum up, in the future, safety management evaluation research 

of China's chemical enterprises will be more legalized, 

intelligent and standardized, and pay more attention to the 

integration of production, university and research and green 

transformation. 

5. Conclusion 

The trend of mass data in power system provides a basis 

for load characteristic analysis and prediction model 

establishment, but the classical load forecasting method can 

not afford such a huge time and computing resource 

consumption. The problem of over fitting in large sample set 

will affect the prediction accuracy. In this paper, a power load 

forecasting model is built by using the BP neural network 

model, making full use of the powerful data processing 

function of Clementine and preventing the over fitting 

function. The experimental results show that the BP neural 

network model has good predictability and robustness, and 

has a certain practical application value. 

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