id sid tid token lemma pos fcis-32490 1 1 frontiers frontier NOUN fcis-32490 1 2 in in ADP fcis-32490 1 3 computing computing NOUN fcis-32490 1 4 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 1 5 intelligent intelligent ADJ fcis-32490 1 6 systems system NOUN fcis-32490 1 7 issn issn VERB fcis-32490 1 8 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 1 9 2832 2832 NUM fcis-32490 1 10 - - SYM fcis-32490 1 11 6024 6024 NUM fcis-32490 1 12 | | NOUN fcis-32490 1 13 vol vol NOUN fcis-32490 1 14 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 2 1 14 14 NUM fcis-32490 2 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 2 3 no no INTJ fcis-32490 2 4 . . NOUN fcis-32490 2 5 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 2 6 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 2 7 2025 2025 NUM fcis-32490 2 8 39 39 NUM fcis-32490 2 9 high‐resolution high‐resolution NOUN fcis-32490 2 10 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 2 11 of of ADP fcis-32490 2 12 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 2 13 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 2 14 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 2 15 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 2 16 dynamic dynamic ADJ fcis-32490 2 17 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 2 18 analysis analysis NOUN fcis-32490 2 19 via via ADP fcis-32490 2 20 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 2 21 physics‐ physics‐ NOUN fcis-32490 2 22 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 2 23 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 2 24 networks network NOUN fcis-32490 2 25 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 2 26 ngl ngl PROPN fcis-32490 2 27 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 2 28 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 2 29 fusion fusion NOUN fcis-32490 2 30 ming ming PROPN fcis-32490 2 31 chen chen PROPN fcis-32490 2 32 bishop bishop PROPN fcis-32490 2 33 alemany alemany PROPN fcis-32490 2 34 high high PROPN fcis-32490 2 35 school school NOUN fcis-32490 2 36 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 2 37 los los PROPN fcis-32490 2 38 angeles angeles PROPN fcis-32490 2 39 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 2 40 california california PROPN fcis-32490 2 41 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 2 42 usa usa PROPN fcis-32490 2 43 abstract abstract PROPN fcis-32490 2 44 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 2 45 proper proper ADJ fcis-32490 2 46 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 2 47 of of ADP fcis-32490 2 48 the the DET fcis-32490 2 49 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 2 50 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 2 51 field field NOUN fcis-32490 2 52 is be AUX fcis-32490 2 53 essential essential ADJ fcis-32490 2 54 in in ADP fcis-32490 2 55 the the DET fcis-32490 2 56 studies study NOUN fcis-32490 2 57 of of ADP fcis-32490 2 58 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 2 59 activity activity NOUN fcis-32490 2 60 as as ADV fcis-32490 2 61 well well ADV fcis-32490 2 62 as as ADP fcis-32490 2 63 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 2 64 hazards hazard NOUN fcis-32490 2 65 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 3 1 the the DET fcis-32490 3 2 simplified simplified ADJ fcis-32490 3 3 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 3 4 models model NOUN fcis-32490 3 5 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 3 6 paucity paucity NOUN fcis-32490 3 7 of of ADP fcis-32490 3 8 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 3 9 constrain constrain VERB fcis-32490 3 10 the the DET fcis-32490 3 11 traditional traditional ADJ fcis-32490 3 12 methods method NOUN fcis-32490 3 13 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 4 1 the the DET fcis-32490 4 2 proposed propose VERB fcis-32490 4 3 paper paper NOUN fcis-32490 4 4 offers offer VERB fcis-32490 4 5 a a DET fcis-32490 4 6 new new ADJ fcis-32490 4 7 framework framework NOUN fcis-32490 4 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 4 9 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 4 10 ann ann PROPN fcis-32490 4 11 is be AUX fcis-32490 4 12 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 4 13 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 4 14 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 4 15 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 4 16 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 4 17 network network NOUN fcis-32490 4 18 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 4 19 adaptive adaptive NOUN fcis-32490 4 20 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 4 21 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 4 22 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 4 23 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 4 24 which which PRON fcis-32490 4 25 combines combine VERB fcis-32490 4 26 high high ADJ fcis-32490 4 27 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 4 28 precision precision NOUN fcis-32490 4 29 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 4 30 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 4 31 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 4 32 field field NOUN fcis-32490 4 33 values value NOUN fcis-32490 4 34 in in ADP fcis-32490 4 35 the the DET fcis-32490 4 36 nevada nevada PROPN fcis-32490 4 37 geodetic geodetic PROPN fcis-32490 4 38 laboratory laboratory PROPN fcis-32490 4 39 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 4 40 ngl ngl PROPN fcis-32490 4 41 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 4 42 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 4 43 in in ADP fcis-32490 4 44 its its PRON fcis-32490 4 45 result result NOUN fcis-32490 4 46 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 4 47 achieves achieve VERB fcis-32490 4 48 high high ADJ fcis-32490 4 49 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 4 50 resolution resolution NOUN fcis-32490 4 51 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 4 52 of of ADP fcis-32490 4 53 the the DET fcis-32490 4 54 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 4 55 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 4 56 field field NOUN fcis-32490 4 57 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 4 58 dynamic dynamic ADJ fcis-32490 4 59 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 4 60 analysis analysis NOUN fcis-32490 4 61 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 5 1 it it PRON fcis-32490 5 2 uses use VERB fcis-32490 5 3 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 5 4 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 5 5 networks network NOUN fcis-32490 5 6 to to PART fcis-32490 5 7 build build VERB fcis-32490 5 8 a a DET fcis-32490 5 9 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ fcis-32490 5 10 model model NOUN fcis-32490 5 11 of of ADP fcis-32490 5 12 geographic geographic ADJ fcis-32490 5 13 coordinates coordinate NOUN fcis-32490 5 14 to to ADP fcis-32490 5 15 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 5 16 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 5 17 field field NOUN fcis-32490 5 18 parameters parameter NOUN fcis-32490 5 19 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 5 20 applies apply VERB fcis-32490 5 21 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 5 22 plausibility plausibility NOUN fcis-32490 5 23 through through ADP fcis-32490 5 24 embedded embed VERB fcis-32490 5 25 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 5 26 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 5 27 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 5 28 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 5 29 stress stress VERB fcis-32490 5 30 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 5 31 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 5 32 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 5 33 constitutive constitutive ADJ fcis-32490 5 34 relations relation NOUN fcis-32490 5 35 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 5 36 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 6 1 the the DET fcis-32490 6 2 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 6 3 mechanism mechanism NOUN fcis-32490 6 4 that that PRON fcis-32490 6 5 is be AUX fcis-32490 6 6 proposed propose VERB fcis-32490 6 7 uses use VERB fcis-32490 6 8 the the DET fcis-32490 6 9 weights weight NOUN fcis-32490 6 10 of of ADP fcis-32490 6 11 the the DET fcis-32490 6 12 losses loss NOUN fcis-32490 6 13 dynamically dynamically ADV fcis-32490 6 14 in in ADP fcis-32490 6 15 such such DET fcis-32490 6 16 a a DET fcis-32490 6 17 way way NOUN fcis-32490 6 18 that that PRON fcis-32490 6 19 they they PRON fcis-32490 6 20 place place VERB fcis-32490 6 21 more more ADJ fcis-32490 6 22 emphasis emphasis NOUN fcis-32490 6 23 on on ADP fcis-32490 6 24 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 6 25 with with ADP fcis-32490 6 26 large large ADJ fcis-32490 6 27 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 6 28 residuals residual NOUN fcis-32490 6 29 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 6 30 which which PRON fcis-32490 6 31 has have VERB fcis-32490 6 32 a a DET fcis-32490 6 33 substantial substantial ADJ fcis-32490 6 34 effect effect NOUN fcis-32490 6 35 on on ADP fcis-32490 6 36 the the DET fcis-32490 6 37 interpretability interpretability NOUN fcis-32490 6 38 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 6 39 convergence convergence NOUN fcis-32490 6 40 ability ability NOUN fcis-32490 6 41 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 7 1 an an DET fcis-32490 7 2 example example NOUN fcis-32490 7 3 of of ADP fcis-32490 7 4 a a DET fcis-32490 7 5 case case NOUN fcis-32490 7 6 study study NOUN fcis-32490 7 7 on on ADP fcis-32490 7 8 how how SCONJ fcis-32490 7 9 global global ADJ fcis-32490 7 10 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 7 11 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 7 12 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 7 13 can can AUX fcis-32490 7 14 be be AUX fcis-32490 7 15 used use VERB fcis-32490 7 16 to to PART fcis-32490 7 17 create create VERB fcis-32490 7 18 spatially spatially ADV fcis-32490 7 19 continuous continuous ADJ fcis-32490 7 20 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 7 21 high high ADJ fcis-32490 7 22 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 7 23 resolution resolution NOUN fcis-32490 7 24 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 7 25 maps map NOUN fcis-32490 7 26 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 7 27 an an DET fcis-32490 7 28 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 7 29 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 7 30 index index NOUN fcis-32490 7 31 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 8 1 conclusions conclusion NOUN fcis-32490 8 2 indicate indicate VERB fcis-32490 8 3 that that SCONJ fcis-32490 8 4 the the DET fcis-32490 8 5 technique technique NOUN fcis-32490 8 6 is be AUX fcis-32490 8 7 effective effective ADJ fcis-32490 8 8 to to AUX fcis-32490 8 9 not not PART fcis-32490 8 10 only only ADV fcis-32490 8 11 recreate recreate VERB fcis-32490 8 12 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 8 13 concentrations concentration NOUN fcis-32490 8 14 along along ADP fcis-32490 8 15 established establish VERB fcis-32490 8 16 active active ADJ fcis-32490 8 17 tectonic tectonic ADJ fcis-32490 8 18 belts belt NOUN fcis-32490 8 19 but but CCONJ fcis-32490 8 20 also also ADV fcis-32490 8 21 possible possible ADJ fcis-32490 8 22 high high ADJ fcis-32490 8 23 risk risk NOUN fcis-32490 8 24 zones zone NOUN fcis-32490 8 25 which which PRON fcis-32490 8 26 has have AUX fcis-32490 8 27 created create VERB fcis-32490 8 28 a a DET fcis-32490 8 29 potent potent ADJ fcis-32490 8 30 new new ADJ fcis-32490 8 31 resource resource NOUN fcis-32490 8 32 in in ADP fcis-32490 8 33 the the DET fcis-32490 8 34 process process NOUN fcis-32490 8 35 of of ADP fcis-32490 8 36 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 8 37 dynamics dynamic NOUN fcis-32490 8 38 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 8 39 as as ADV fcis-32490 8 40 well well ADV fcis-32490 8 41 as as ADP fcis-32490 8 42 disaster disaster NOUN fcis-32490 8 43 risk risk NOUN fcis-32490 8 44 assessment assessment NOUN fcis-32490 8 45 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 9 1 keywords keyword NOUN fcis-32490 9 2 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 9 3 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 9 4 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 9 5 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 9 6 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 9 7 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 9 8 networks network NOUN fcis-32490 9 9 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 9 10 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 9 11 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 9 12 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 9 13 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 9 14 field field NOUN fcis-32490 9 15 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 9 16 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 9 17 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 9 18 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 9 19 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 9 20 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 9 21 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 9 22 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 10 1 1 1 X fcis-32490 10 2 . . X fcis-32490 10 3 introduction introduction NOUN fcis-32490 10 4 1.1 1.1 NUM fcis-32490 10 5 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 11 1 background background NOUN fcis-32490 11 2 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 11 3 significance significance NOUN fcis-32490 11 4 this this PRON fcis-32490 11 5 is be AUX fcis-32490 11 6 the the DET fcis-32490 11 7 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 11 8 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 11 9 state state NOUN fcis-32490 11 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 11 11 which which PRON fcis-32490 11 12 is be AUX fcis-32490 11 13 the the DET fcis-32490 11 14 driving drive VERB fcis-32490 11 15 force force NOUN fcis-32490 11 16 of of ADP fcis-32490 11 17 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 11 18 nucleation nucleation NOUN fcis-32490 11 19 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 11 20 occurrence occurrence NOUN fcis-32490 11 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 12 1 the the DET fcis-32490 12 2 accurate accurate ADJ fcis-32490 12 3 description description NOUN fcis-32490 12 4 of of ADP fcis-32490 12 5 the the DET fcis-32490 12 6 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 12 7 distribution distribution NOUN fcis-32490 12 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 12 9 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 12 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 12 11 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 12 12 direction direction NOUN fcis-32490 12 13 of of ADP fcis-32490 12 14 regional regional ADJ fcis-32490 12 15 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 12 16 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 12 17 is be AUX fcis-32490 12 18 important important ADJ fcis-32490 12 19 in in ADP fcis-32490 12 20 the the DET fcis-32490 12 21 study study NOUN fcis-32490 12 22 of of ADP fcis-32490 12 23 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 12 24 behavior behavior NOUN fcis-32490 12 25 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 12 26 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 12 27 potential potential NOUN fcis-32490 12 28 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 12 29 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 12 30 the the DET fcis-32490 12 31 prediction prediction NOUN fcis-32490 12 32 of of ADP fcis-32490 12 33 places place NOUN fcis-32490 12 34 of of ADP fcis-32490 12 35 strong strong ADJ fcis-32490 12 36 earthquakes earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 12 37 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 13 1 direct direct ADJ fcis-32490 13 2 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 13 3 on on ADP fcis-32490 13 4 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 13 5 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 13 6 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 13 7 are be AUX fcis-32490 13 8 very very ADV fcis-32490 13 9 hard hard ADJ fcis-32490 13 10 to to PART fcis-32490 13 11 obtain obtain VERB fcis-32490 13 12 so so ADV fcis-32490 13 13 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 13 14 of of ADP fcis-32490 13 15 indirect indirect ADJ fcis-32490 13 16 measurements measurement NOUN fcis-32490 13 17 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 13 18 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 13 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 13 20 focal focal ADJ fcis-32490 13 21 mechanisms mechanism NOUN fcis-32490 13 22 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 13 23 borehole borehole NOUN fcis-32490 13 24 breakout breakout PROPN fcis-32490 13 25 data data PROPN fcis-32490 13 26 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 13 27 is be AUX fcis-32490 13 28 commonly commonly ADV fcis-32490 13 29 employed employ VERB fcis-32490 13 30 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 13 31 but but CCONJ fcis-32490 13 32 frequently frequently ADV fcis-32490 13 33 has have VERB fcis-32490 13 34 low low ADJ fcis-32490 13 35 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 13 36 resolution resolution NOUN fcis-32490 13 37 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 13 38 non non ADJ fcis-32490 13 39 - - ADJ fcis-32490 13 40 uniform uniform ADJ fcis-32490 13 41 coverage coverage NOUN fcis-32490 13 42 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 13 43 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 13 44 is be AUX fcis-32490 13 45 too too ADV fcis-32490 13 46 expensive expensive ADJ fcis-32490 13 47 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 14 1 the the DET fcis-32490 14 2 use use NOUN fcis-32490 14 3 of of ADP fcis-32490 14 4 global global ADJ fcis-32490 14 5 navigation navigation NOUN fcis-32490 14 6 satellite satellite NOUN fcis-32490 14 7 system system NOUN fcis-32490 14 8 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 14 9 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 14 10 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 14 11 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 14 12 offers offer VERB fcis-32490 14 13 long long ADJ fcis-32490 14 14 term term NOUN fcis-32490 14 15 three three NUM fcis-32490 14 16 dimensional dimensional ADJ fcis-32490 14 17 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 14 18 of of ADP fcis-32490 14 19 the the DET fcis-32490 14 20 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 14 21 of of ADP fcis-32490 14 22 wide wide ADJ fcis-32490 14 23 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 14 24 with with ADP fcis-32490 14 25 high high ADJ fcis-32490 14 26 precision precision NOUN fcis-32490 14 27 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 15 1 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 15 2 deformation deformation NOUN fcis-32490 15 3 being be AUX fcis-32490 15 4 a a DET fcis-32490 15 5 straight straight ADJ fcis-32490 15 6 reaction reaction NOUN fcis-32490 15 7 to to PART fcis-32490 15 8 stress stress VERB fcis-32490 15 9 concentration concentration NOUN fcis-32490 15 10 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 15 11 adaptation adaptation NOUN fcis-32490 15 12 in in ADP fcis-32490 15 13 the the DET fcis-32490 15 14 crust crust NOUN fcis-32490 15 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 15 16 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 15 17 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 15 18 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 15 19 make make VERB fcis-32490 15 20 a a DET fcis-32490 15 21 useful useful ADJ fcis-32490 15 22 source source NOUN fcis-32490 15 23 of of ADP fcis-32490 15 24 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 15 25 in in ADP fcis-32490 15 26 the the DET fcis-32490 15 27 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 15 28 of of ADP fcis-32490 15 29 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 15 30 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 15 31 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 16 1 conventional conventional ADJ fcis-32490 16 2 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 16 3 techniques technique NOUN fcis-32490 16 4 based base VERB fcis-32490 16 5 on on ADP fcis-32490 16 6 either either CCONJ fcis-32490 16 7 the the DET fcis-32490 16 8 elastic elastic ADJ fcis-32490 16 9 / / SYM fcis-32490 16 10 viscoelastic viscoelastic NOUN fcis-32490 16 11 dislocation dislocation NOUN fcis-32490 16 12 theory theory NOUN fcis-32490 16 13 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 16 14 continuum continuum ADJ fcis-32490 16 15 mechanics mechanic NOUN fcis-32490 16 16 provides provide VERB fcis-32490 16 17 replacements replacement NOUN fcis-32490 16 18 of of ADP fcis-32490 16 19 observation observation NOUN fcis-32490 16 20 in in ADP fcis-32490 16 21 a a DET fcis-32490 16 22 set set NOUN fcis-32490 16 23 of of ADP fcis-32490 16 24 pre pre ADJ fcis-32490 16 25 - - ADJ fcis-32490 16 26 defined define VERB fcis-32490 16 27 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 16 28 models model NOUN fcis-32490 16 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 17 1 although although SCONJ fcis-32490 17 2 physically physically ADV fcis-32490 17 3 interpretable interpretable ADJ fcis-32490 17 4 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 17 5 they they PRON fcis-32490 17 6 are be AUX fcis-32490 17 7 highly highly ADV fcis-32490 17 8 sensitive sensitive ADJ fcis-32490 17 9 to to ADP fcis-32490 17 10 simplified simplified ADJ fcis-32490 17 11 assumptions assumption NOUN fcis-32490 17 12 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 17 13 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 17 14 homogeneous homogeneous ADJ fcis-32490 17 15 half half ADJ fcis-32490 17 16 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 17 17 space space NOUN fcis-32490 17 18 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 17 19 simple simple ADJ fcis-32490 17 20 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 17 21 geometry geometry NOUN fcis-32490 17 22 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 17 23 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 17 24 which which PRON fcis-32490 17 25 are be AUX fcis-32490 17 26 difficult difficult ADJ fcis-32490 17 27 to to PART fcis-32490 17 28 make make VERB fcis-32490 17 29 realistic realistic ADJ fcis-32490 17 30 in in ADP fcis-32490 17 31 terms term NOUN fcis-32490 17 32 of of ADP fcis-32490 17 33 their their PRON fcis-32490 17 34 ability ability NOUN fcis-32490 17 35 to to PART fcis-32490 17 36 portray portray VERB fcis-32490 17 37 realistic realistic ADJ fcis-32490 17 38 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN fcis-32490 17 39 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 17 40 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ fcis-32490 17 41 rheology rheology NOUN fcis-32490 17 42 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 18 1 1.2 1.2 NUM fcis-32490 18 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 18 3 limitations limitation NOUN fcis-32490 18 4 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 18 5 challenges challenge VERB fcis-32490 18 6 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 18 7 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 18 8 based base VERB fcis-32490 18 9 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 18 10 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 18 11 presents present VERB fcis-32490 18 12 two two NUM fcis-32490 18 13 fundamental fundamental ADJ fcis-32490 18 14 challenges challenge NOUN fcis-32490 18 15 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 18 16 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 18 17 1 1 X fcis-32490 18 18 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 18 19 model model NOUN fcis-32490 18 20 limitations limitation NOUN fcis-32490 18 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 19 1 classical classical ADJ fcis-32490 19 2 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 19 3 models model NOUN fcis-32490 19 4 also also ADV fcis-32490 19 5 have have VERB fcis-32490 19 6 a a DET fcis-32490 19 7 tendency tendency NOUN fcis-32490 19 8 to to PART fcis-32490 19 9 simplify simplify VERB fcis-32490 19 10 complicated complicated ADJ fcis-32490 19 11 geophysical geophysical ADJ fcis-32490 19 12 reality reality NOUN fcis-32490 19 13 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 19 14 in in ADP fcis-32490 19 15 most most ADJ fcis-32490 19 16 cases case NOUN fcis-32490 19 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 19 18 they they PRON fcis-32490 19 19 do do AUX fcis-32490 19 20 not not PART fcis-32490 19 21 represent represent VERB fcis-32490 19 22 well well INTJ fcis-32490 19 23 the the DET fcis-32490 19 24 lithospheric lithospheric ADJ fcis-32490 19 25 rheology rheology NOUN fcis-32490 19 26 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 19 27 interaction interaction NOUN fcis-32490 19 28 between between ADP fcis-32490 19 29 the the DET fcis-32490 19 30 different different ADJ fcis-32490 19 31 faults fault NOUN fcis-32490 19 32 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 20 1 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 20 2 2 2 X fcis-32490 20 3 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 20 4 sparsity sparsity NOUN fcis-32490 20 5 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 20 6 ill ill ADJ fcis-32490 20 7 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 20 8 posedness posedness NOUN fcis-32490 20 9 of of ADP fcis-32490 20 10 data data PROPN fcis-32490 20 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 21 1 the the DET fcis-32490 21 2 fact fact NOUN fcis-32490 21 3 that that SCONJ fcis-32490 21 4 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 21 5 stations station NOUN fcis-32490 21 6 are be AUX fcis-32490 21 7 discrete discrete ADJ fcis-32490 21 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 21 9 uneven uneven ADJ fcis-32490 21 10 makes make VERB fcis-32490 21 11 the the DET fcis-32490 21 12 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN fcis-32490 21 13 of of ADP fcis-32490 21 14 a a DET fcis-32490 21 15 continuous continuous ADJ fcis-32490 21 16 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 21 17 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 21 18 field field NOUN fcis-32490 21 19 ill ill ADV fcis-32490 21 20 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 21 21 posed pose VERB fcis-32490 21 22 hence hence ADV fcis-32490 21 23 nonuniqueness nonuniqueness NOUN fcis-32490 21 24 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 21 25 sensitive sensitive ADJ fcis-32490 21 26 to to ADP fcis-32490 21 27 measurement measurement NOUN fcis-32490 21 28 noise noise NOUN fcis-32490 21 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 22 1 although although SCONJ fcis-32490 22 2 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 22 3 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 22 4 has have AUX fcis-32490 22 5 shown show VERB fcis-32490 22 6 promise promise NOUN fcis-32490 22 7 in in ADP fcis-32490 22 8 geoscience geoscience NOUN fcis-32490 22 9 for for ADP fcis-32490 22 10 learning learn VERB fcis-32490 22 11 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ fcis-32490 22 12 patterns pattern NOUN fcis-32490 22 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 22 14 purely purely ADV fcis-32490 22 15 data data NOUN fcis-32490 22 16 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 22 17 driven drive VERB fcis-32490 22 18 models model NOUN fcis-32490 22 19 often often ADV fcis-32490 22 20 lack lack VERB fcis-32490 22 21 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 22 22 constraints[1 constraints[1 PROPN fcis-32490 22 23 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 22 24 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 23 1 this this PRON fcis-32490 23 2 can can AUX fcis-32490 23 3 lead lead VERB fcis-32490 23 4 to to ADP fcis-32490 23 5 physically physically ADV fcis-32490 23 6 inconsistent inconsistent ADJ fcis-32490 23 7 results result NOUN fcis-32490 23 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 23 9 poor poor ADJ fcis-32490 23 10 generalization generalization NOUN fcis-32490 23 11 when when SCONJ fcis-32490 23 12 applied apply VERB fcis-32490 23 13 to to ADP fcis-32490 23 14 unseen unseen ADJ fcis-32490 23 15 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 23 16 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 24 1 1.3 1.3 NUM fcis-32490 24 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 25 1 this this DET fcis-32490 25 2 study study NOUN fcis-32490 25 3 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 25 4 contributions contribution NOUN fcis-32490 25 5 pinns pinn NOUN fcis-32490 25 6 use use VERB fcis-32490 25 7 the the DET fcis-32490 25 8 partial partial ADJ fcis-32490 25 9 differential differential ADJ fcis-32490 25 10 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 25 11 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 25 12 pdes pde NOUN fcis-32490 25 13 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 25 14 of of ADP fcis-32490 25 15 physical physical PROPN fcis-32490 25 16 systems[2 systems[2 PROPN fcis-32490 25 17 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 25 18 in in ADP fcis-32490 25 19 the the DET fcis-32490 25 20 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 25 21 function function NOUN fcis-32490 25 22 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 25 23 combines combine VERB fcis-32490 25 24 datadriven datadriven ADJ fcis-32490 25 25 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 25 26 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 25 27 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 25 28 driven drive VERB fcis-32490 25 29 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 25 30 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 26 1 we we PRON fcis-32490 26 2 suggest suggest VERB fcis-32490 26 3 a a DET fcis-32490 26 4 gnssbased gnssbase VERB fcis-32490 26 5 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 26 6 of of ADP fcis-32490 26 7 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 26 8 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 26 9 field field NOUN fcis-32490 26 10 by by ADP fcis-32490 26 11 an an DET fcis-32490 26 12 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 26 13 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 26 14 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 26 15 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 27 1 some some PRON fcis-32490 27 2 of of ADP fcis-32490 27 3 the the DET fcis-32490 27 4 significant significant ADJ fcis-32490 27 5 contributions contribution NOUN fcis-32490 27 6 are be AUX fcis-32490 27 7 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 27 8 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 27 9 limits limit NOUN fcis-32490 27 10 to to ADP fcis-32490 27 11 a a DET fcis-32490 27 12 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 27 13 degree degree NOUN fcis-32490 27 14 developing develop VERB fcis-32490 27 15 an an DET fcis-32490 27 16 entire entire ADJ fcis-32490 27 17 chain chain NOUN fcis-32490 27 18 of of ADP fcis-32490 27 19 inference inference NOUN fcis-32490 27 20 between between ADP fcis-32490 27 21 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 27 22 velocities velocity NOUN fcis-32490 27 23 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 27 24 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 27 25 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 27 26 including include VERB fcis-32490 27 27 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 27 28 gradients gradient NOUN fcis-32490 27 29 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 27 30 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 27 31 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 27 32 rate rate NOUN fcis-32490 27 33 tensors tensor NOUN fcis-32490 27 34 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 27 35 stress stress VERB fcis-32490 27 36 through through ADP fcis-32490 27 37 linear linear ADJ fcis-32490 27 38 elasticity elasticity NOUN fcis-32490 27 39 of of ADP fcis-32490 27 40 the the DET fcis-32490 27 41 crust crust NOUN fcis-32490 27 42 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 27 43 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 27 44 of of ADP fcis-32490 27 45 forces force NOUN fcis-32490 27 46 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 28 1 high high ADJ fcis-32490 28 2 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 28 3 resolution resolution NOUN fcis-32490 28 4 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 28 5 analysis analysis NOUN fcis-32490 28 6 — — PUNCT fcis-32490 28 7 producing produce VERB fcis-32490 28 8 continuous continuous ADJ fcis-32490 28 9 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 28 10 maps map NOUN fcis-32490 28 11 by by ADP fcis-32490 28 12 deriving derive VERB fcis-32490 28 13 a a DET fcis-32490 28 14 composite composite ADJ fcis-32490 28 15 index index NOUN fcis-32490 28 16 of of ADP fcis-32490 28 17 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 28 18 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 28 19 based base VERB fcis-32490 28 20 on on ADP fcis-32490 28 21 multi multi ADJ fcis-32490 28 22 - - ADJ fcis-32490 28 23 stress stress ADJ fcis-32490 28 24 parameters parameter NOUN fcis-32490 28 25 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 28 26 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 28 27 shear shear NOUN fcis-32490 28 28 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 28 29 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 28 30 von von PROPN fcis-32490 28 31 mises mises PROPN fcis-32490 28 32 stress stress PROPN fcis-32490 28 33 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 28 34 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 29 1 2 2 X fcis-32490 29 2 . . X fcis-32490 29 3 theoretical theoretical ADJ fcis-32490 29 4 background background NOUN fcis-32490 29 5 2.1 2.1 NUM fcis-32490 29 6 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 30 1 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 30 2 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 30 3 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 30 4 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 30 5 deformation deformation NOUN fcis-32490 30 6 processing processing NOUN fcis-32490 30 7 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 30 8 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 30 9 produces produce VERB fcis-32490 30 10 3 3 NUM fcis-32490 30 11 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 30 12 d d NOUN fcis-32490 30 13 station station NOUN fcis-32490 30 14 coordinate coordinate NOUN fcis-32490 30 15 time time NOUN fcis-32490 30 16 series series NOUN fcis-32490 30 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 30 18 from from ADP fcis-32490 30 19 which which PRON fcis-32490 30 20 we we PRON fcis-32490 30 21 derive derive VERB fcis-32490 30 22 velocities velocity NOUN fcis-32490 30 23 in in ADP fcis-32490 30 24 the the DET fcis-32490 30 25 east east NOUN fcis-32490 30 26 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 30 27 ve ve PROPN fcis-32490 30 28 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 30 29 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 30 30 north north NOUN fcis-32490 30 31 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 30 32 vn vn NOUN fcis-32490 30 33 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 30 34 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 30 35 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 30 36 up up ADV fcis-32490 30 37 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 30 38 vu vu NOUN fcis-32490 30 39 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 30 40 directions direction NOUN fcis-32490 30 41 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 31 1 in in ADP fcis-32490 31 2 tectonically tectonically ADV fcis-32490 31 3 active active ADJ fcis-32490 31 4 areas area NOUN fcis-32490 31 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 31 6 long long ADJ fcis-32490 31 7 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 31 8 term term NOUN fcis-32490 31 9 deformation deformation NOUN fcis-32490 31 10 signals signal NOUN fcis-32490 31 11 exceed exceed VERB fcis-32490 31 12 the the DET fcis-32490 31 13 background background NOUN fcis-32490 31 14 noise noise NOUN fcis-32490 31 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 31 16 so so SCONJ fcis-32490 31 17 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 31 18 is be AUX fcis-32490 31 19 highly highly ADV fcis-32490 31 20 effective effective ADJ fcis-32490 31 21 for for ADP fcis-32490 31 22 tracking track VERB fcis-32490 31 23 40 40 NUM fcis-32490 31 24 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 31 25 motion motion NOUN fcis-32490 31 26 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 32 1 the the DET fcis-32490 32 2 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 32 3 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 32 4 field field NOUN fcis-32490 32 5 v(x v(x PROPN fcis-32490 32 6 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 32 7 y y NOUN fcis-32490 32 8 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 32 9 reflects reflect VERB fcis-32490 32 10 the the DET fcis-32490 32 11 integrated integrate VERB fcis-32490 32 12 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 32 13 response response NOUN fcis-32490 32 14 to to ADP fcis-32490 32 15 the the DET fcis-32490 32 16 subsurface subsurface NOUN fcis-32490 32 17 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 32 18 field field NOUN fcis-32490 32 19 σ(x σ(x PROPN fcis-32490 32 20 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 32 21 y y PROPN fcis-32490 32 22 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 32 23 z z NOUN fcis-32490 32 24 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 32 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 33 1 2.2 2.2 NUM fcis-32490 33 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 33 3 continuum continuum ADJ fcis-32490 33 4 mechanics mechanic NOUN fcis-32490 33 5 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 33 6 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 33 7 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 33 8 in in ADP fcis-32490 33 9 the the DET fcis-32490 33 10 continuum continuum ADJ fcis-32490 33 11 mechanics mechanic NOUN fcis-32490 33 12 system system NOUN fcis-32490 34 1 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 34 2 the the DET fcis-32490 34 3 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 34 4 field field NOUN fcis-32490 34 5 is be AUX fcis-32490 34 6 constrained constrain VERB fcis-32490 34 7 by by ADP fcis-32490 34 8 the the DET fcis-32490 34 9 static static ADJ fcis-32490 34 10 force force NOUN fcis-32490 34 11 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 34 12 balance balance NOUN fcis-32490 34 13 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 34 14 including include VERB fcis-32490 34 15 the the DET fcis-32490 34 16 body body NOUN fcis-32490 34 17 forces force NOUN fcis-32490 34 18 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 34 19 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 35 1 the the DET fcis-32490 35 2 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 35 3 of of ADP fcis-32490 35 4 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 35 5 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 35 6 when when SCONJ fcis-32490 35 7 applied apply VERB fcis-32490 35 8 in in ADP fcis-32490 35 9 two two NUM fcis-32490 35 10 dimensions dimension NOUN fcis-32490 35 11 are be AUX fcis-32490 35 12 mathematically mathematically ADV fcis-32490 35 13 stated state VERB fcis-32490 35 14 as as ADP fcis-32490 35 15 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 35 16 ∂𝜎 ∂𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 36 1 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑥 INTJ fcis-32490 37 1 ∂𝜎 ∂𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 38 1 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑦 ADJ fcis-32490 38 2 0 0 NUM fcis-32490 38 3 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 38 4 ∂𝜎 ∂𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 38 5 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑥 INTJ fcis-32490 39 1 ∂𝜎 ∂𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 39 2 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑦 ADJ fcis-32490 39 3 0 0 NUM fcis-32490 39 4 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 39 5 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 39 6 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 39 7 σᵢⱼ σᵢⱼ NOUN fcis-32490 39 8 are be AUX fcis-32490 39 9 components component NOUN fcis-32490 39 10 of of ADP fcis-32490 39 11 the the DET fcis-32490 39 12 cauchy cauchy PROPN fcis-32490 39 13 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 39 14 tensor tensor NOUN fcis-32490 39 15 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 39 16 with with ADP fcis-32490 39 17 σₓᵧ σₓᵧ PROPN fcis-32490 39 18 = = PUNCT fcis-32490 39 19 σᵧₓ σᵧₓ PROPN fcis-32490 39 20 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 39 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 40 1 by by ADP fcis-32490 40 2 linking link VERB fcis-32490 40 3 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 40 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 40 5 derived derive VERB fcis-32490 40 6 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 40 7 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 40 8 rates rate NOUN fcis-32490 40 9 to to PART fcis-32490 40 10 stress stress VERB fcis-32490 40 11 via via ADP fcis-32490 40 12 constitutive constitutive ADJ fcis-32490 40 13 relations relation NOUN fcis-32490 40 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 40 15 one one PRON fcis-32490 40 16 can can AUX fcis-32490 40 17 invert invert VERB fcis-32490 40 18 for for ADP fcis-32490 40 19 a a DET fcis-32490 40 20 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 40 21 field field NOUN fcis-32490 40 22 consistent consistent ADJ fcis-32490 40 23 with with ADP fcis-32490 40 24 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 40 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 41 1 in in ADP fcis-32490 41 2 continuum continuum ADJ fcis-32490 41 3 mechanics mechanic NOUN fcis-32490 41 4 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 41 5 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 41 6 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 41 7 gradients gradient NOUN fcis-32490 41 8 produce produce VERB fcis-32490 41 9 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 41 10 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 41 11 rate rate NOUN fcis-32490 41 12 components component NOUN fcis-32490 41 13 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 42 1 specifically specifically ADV fcis-32490 42 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 42 3 the the DET fcis-32490 42 4 infinitesimal infinitesimal ADJ fcis-32490 42 5 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 42 6 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 42 7 rate rate NOUN fcis-32490 42 8 tensor tensor NOUN fcis-32490 42 9 ε ε PROPN fcis-32490 42 10 is be AUX fcis-32490 42 11 given give VERB fcis-32490 42 12 by by ADP fcis-32490 42 13 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 42 14 𝜖 𝜖 PROPN fcis-32490 42 15 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 42 16 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 42 17 ∂𝑣 ∂𝑣 PROPN fcis-32490 42 18 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑥 INTJ fcis-32490 42 19 ∂𝑣 ∂𝑣 PROPN fcis-32490 42 20 ∂𝑥 ∂𝑥 INTJ fcis-32490 42 21 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 42 22 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 42 23 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 42 24 vi vi PROPN fcis-32490 42 25 are be AUX fcis-32490 42 26 components component NOUN fcis-32490 42 27 of of ADP fcis-32490 42 28 the the DET fcis-32490 42 29 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 42 30 field field NOUN fcis-32490 42 31 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 42 32 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 42 33 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 42 34 v₁ v₁ NOUN fcis-32490 42 35 = = SYM fcis-32490 42 36 ve ve PROPN fcis-32490 42 37 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 42 38 v₂ v₂ PROPN fcis-32490 42 39 = = SYM fcis-32490 42 40 vn vn PROPN fcis-32490 42 41 in in ADP fcis-32490 42 42 the the DET fcis-32490 42 43 horizontal horizontal ADJ fcis-32490 42 44 plane plane NOUN fcis-32490 42 45 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 42 46 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 43 1 assuming assume VERB fcis-32490 43 2 an an DET fcis-32490 43 3 isotropic isotropic ADJ fcis-32490 43 4 linear linear ADJ fcis-32490 43 5 elastic elastic ADJ fcis-32490 43 6 constitutive constitutive ADJ fcis-32490 43 7 model model NOUN fcis-32490 43 8 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 43 9 hooke hooke PROPN fcis-32490 43 10 's 's PART fcis-32490 43 11 law law NOUN fcis-32490 43 12 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 43 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 43 14 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 43 15 is be AUX fcis-32490 43 16 related relate VERB fcis-32490 43 17 to to PART fcis-32490 43 18 strain strain VERB fcis-32490 43 19 by by ADP fcis-32490 43 20 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 43 21 𝜎 𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 43 22 𝜆 𝜆 NOUN fcis-32490 43 23     SPACE fcis-32490 43 24 𝛿 𝛿 PROPN fcis-32490 43 25     SPACE fcis-32490 43 26 𝜖 𝜖 X fcis-32490 43 27 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 43 28     SPACE fcis-32490 43 29 𝜇 𝜇 NOUN fcis-32490 43 30     SPACE fcis-32490 43 31 𝜖 𝜖 PROPN fcis-32490 43 32 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 43 33 3 3 NUM fcis-32490 43 34 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 43 35 λ λ PROPN fcis-32490 43 36 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 43 37 μ μ PROPN fcis-32490 43 38 are be AUX fcis-32490 43 39 lamé lamé NOUN fcis-32490 43 40 parameters parameter NOUN fcis-32490 43 41 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 43 42 material material NOUN fcis-32490 43 43 constants constant NOUN fcis-32490 43 44 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 43 45 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 44 1 the the DET fcis-32490 44 2 combination combination NOUN fcis-32490 44 3 of of ADP fcis-32490 44 4 the the DET fcis-32490 44 5 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 44 6 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 44 7 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 44 8 constitutive constitutive ADJ fcis-32490 44 9 law law NOUN fcis-32490 44 10 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 44 11 with with ADP fcis-32490 44 12 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 44 13 derived derive VERB fcis-32490 44 14 from from ADP fcis-32490 44 15 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 44 16 velocities velocity NOUN fcis-32490 44 17 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 44 18 provides provide VERB fcis-32490 44 19 a a DET fcis-32490 44 20 physically physically ADV fcis-32490 44 21 constrained constrain VERB fcis-32490 44 22 basis basis NOUN fcis-32490 44 23 for for ADP fcis-32490 44 24 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 44 25 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 44 26 field field NOUN fcis-32490 44 27 inversion[3 inversion[3 NOUN fcis-32490 44 28 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 44 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 45 1 3 3 X fcis-32490 45 2 . . X fcis-32490 45 3 adaptive adaptive PROPN fcis-32490 45 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 45 5 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 45 6 for for ADP fcis-32490 45 7 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 45 8 stressfield stressfield ADJ fcis-32490 45 9 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 45 10 3.1 3.1 NUM fcis-32490 45 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 46 1 network network NOUN fcis-32490 46 2 architecture architecture NOUN fcis-32490 46 3 the the DET fcis-32490 46 4 proposed propose VERB fcis-32490 46 5 seismicadaptivepinn seismicadaptivepinn PROPN fcis-32490 46 6 model model PROPN fcis-32490 46 7 employs employ VERB fcis-32490 46 8 a a DET fcis-32490 46 9 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 46 10 fully fully ADV fcis-32490 46 11 connected connect VERB fcis-32490 46 12 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 46 13 network network NOUN fcis-32490 46 14 that that PRON fcis-32490 46 15 maps map VERB fcis-32490 46 16 geographic geographic ADJ fcis-32490 46 17 coordinates coordinate NOUN fcis-32490 46 18 to to PART fcis-32490 46 19 target target VERB fcis-32490 46 20 variables variable NOUN fcis-32490 46 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 47 1 inputs input NOUN fcis-32490 47 2 comprise comprise PROPN fcis-32490 47 3 normalized normalize VERB fcis-32490 47 4 latitude latitude NOUN fcis-32490 47 5 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 47 6 longitude longitude NOUN fcis-32490 47 7 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 47 8 the the DET fcis-32490 47 9 network network NOUN fcis-32490 47 10 consists consist VERB fcis-32490 47 11 of of ADP fcis-32490 47 12 6 6 NUM fcis-32490 47 13 hidden hidden ADJ fcis-32490 47 14 layers layer NOUN fcis-32490 47 15 with with ADP fcis-32490 47 16 64 64 NUM fcis-32490 47 17 neurons neuron NOUN fcis-32490 47 18 each each DET fcis-32490 47 19 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 47 20 tanh tanh NOUN fcis-32490 47 21 activations activation NOUN fcis-32490 47 22 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 48 1 outputs output NOUN fcis-32490 48 2 include include VERB fcis-32490 48 3 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 48 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 48 5 derived derive VERB fcis-32490 48 6 features feature NOUN fcis-32490 48 7 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 48 8 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 48 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 48 10 ve ve PROPN fcis-32490 48 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 48 12 vn vn NOUN fcis-32490 48 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 48 14 speed speed NOUN fcis-32490 48 15 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 48 16 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 48 17 direction direction NOUN fcis-32490 48 18 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 48 19 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 48 20 estimated estimate VERB fcis-32490 48 21 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 48 22 rates rate NOUN fcis-32490 48 23 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 48 24 used use VERB fcis-32490 48 25 for for ADP fcis-32490 48 26 subsequent subsequent ADJ fcis-32490 48 27 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 48 28 computation computation NOUN fcis-32490 48 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 49 1 figure figure NOUN fcis-32490 49 2 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 49 3 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 49 4 schematic schematic ADJ fcis-32490 49 5 of of ADP fcis-32490 49 6 the the DET fcis-32490 49 7 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 49 8 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 49 9 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 49 10 architecture architecture NOUN fcis-32490 49 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 50 1 the the DET fcis-32490 50 2 model model NOUN fcis-32490 50 3 consists consist VERB fcis-32490 50 4 of of ADP fcis-32490 50 5 an an DET fcis-32490 50 6 input input NOUN fcis-32490 50 7 layer layer NOUN fcis-32490 50 8 taking take VERB fcis-32490 50 9 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 50 10 coordinates coordinate NOUN fcis-32490 50 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 50 12 followed follow VERB fcis-32490 50 13 by by ADP fcis-32490 50 14 6 6 NUM fcis-32490 50 15 hidden hidden ADJ fcis-32490 50 16 layers layer NOUN fcis-32490 50 17 with with ADP fcis-32490 50 18 64 64 NUM fcis-32490 50 19 neurons neuron NOUN fcis-32490 50 20 each each PRON fcis-32490 50 21 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 50 22 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 50 23 an an DET fcis-32490 50 24 output output NOUN fcis-32490 50 25 layer layer NOUN fcis-32490 50 26 producing produce VERB fcis-32490 50 27 six six NUM fcis-32490 50 28 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 50 29 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 50 30 derived derive VERB fcis-32490 50 31 features feature NOUN fcis-32490 50 32 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 50 33 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 50 34 components component NOUN fcis-32490 50 35 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 50 36 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 50 37 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 50 38 azimuth azimuth ADV fcis-32490 50 39 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 50 40 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 50 41 rates rate NOUN fcis-32490 50 42 etc etc X fcis-32490 50 43 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 50 44 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 51 1 tanh tanh NOUN fcis-32490 51 2 activations activation NOUN fcis-32490 51 3 are be AUX fcis-32490 51 4 applied apply VERB fcis-32490 51 5 throughout throughout ADP fcis-32490 51 6 the the DET fcis-32490 51 7 hidden hidden ADJ fcis-32490 51 8 layers layer NOUN fcis-32490 51 9 the the DET fcis-32490 51 10 proposed propose VERB fcis-32490 51 11 seismicadaptivepinn seismicadaptivepinn NOUN fcis-32490 51 12 integrates integrate VERB fcis-32490 51 13 a a DET fcis-32490 51 14 lightweight lightweight NOUN fcis-32490 51 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 51 16 parallel parallel ADJ fcis-32490 51 17 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 51 18 weighting weight VERB fcis-32490 51 19 sub sub NOUN fcis-32490 51 20 - - ADJ fcis-32490 51 21 network[4 network[4 ADJ fcis-32490 51 22 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 51 23 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 52 1 given give VERB fcis-32490 52 2 coordinates coordinate NOUN fcis-32490 52 3 as as ADP fcis-32490 52 4 input input NOUN fcis-32490 52 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 52 6 this this DET fcis-32490 52 7 sub sub ADJ fcis-32490 52 8 - - NOUN fcis-32490 52 9 network network NOUN fcis-32490 52 10 predicts predict VERB fcis-32490 52 11 a a DET fcis-32490 52 12 scalar scalar ADJ fcis-32490 52 13 weight weight NOUN fcis-32490 52 14 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 52 15 normalized normalize VERB fcis-32490 52 16 via via ADP fcis-32490 52 17 a a DET fcis-32490 52 18 sigmoid sigmoid NOUN fcis-32490 52 19 function function NOUN fcis-32490 52 20 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 52 21 to to PART fcis-32490 52 22 amplify amplify VERB fcis-32490 52 23 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 52 24 contributions contribution NOUN fcis-32490 52 25 in in ADP fcis-32490 52 26 locations location NOUN fcis-32490 52 27 with with ADP fcis-32490 52 28 larger large ADJ fcis-32490 52 29 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 52 30 residuals residual NOUN fcis-32490 52 31 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 52 32 thereby thereby ADV fcis-32490 52 33 guiding guide VERB fcis-32490 52 34 training training NOUN fcis-32490 52 35 attention attention NOUN fcis-32490 52 36 to to ADP fcis-32490 52 37 physically physically ADV fcis-32490 52 38 inconsistent inconsistent ADJ fcis-32490 52 39 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 52 40 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 53 1 3.2 3.2 NUM fcis-32490 53 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 54 1 embedded embed VERB fcis-32490 54 2 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 54 3 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 54 4 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 54 5 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 54 6 are be AUX fcis-32490 54 7 encoded encode VERB fcis-32490 54 8 in in ADP fcis-32490 54 9 a a DET fcis-32490 54 10 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 54 11 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 54 12 based base VERB fcis-32490 54 13 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 54 14 term term NOUN fcis-32490 54 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 54 16 lphysics lphysic NOUN fcis-32490 54 17 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 55 1 we we PRON fcis-32490 55 2 enforce enforce VERB fcis-32490 55 3 that that SCONJ fcis-32490 55 4 the the DET fcis-32490 55 5 model model NOUN fcis-32490 55 6 's 's PART fcis-32490 55 7 predictions prediction NOUN fcis-32490 55 8 satisfy satisfy VERB fcis-32490 55 9 the the DET fcis-32490 55 10 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 55 11 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 55 12 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 55 13 force force NOUN fcis-32490 55 14 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 55 15 balance balance NOUN fcis-32490 55 16 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 55 17 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 55 18 as as ADV fcis-32490 55 19 closely closely ADV fcis-32490 55 20 as as ADP fcis-32490 55 21 possible possible ADJ fcis-32490 55 22 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 56 1 automatic automatic ADJ fcis-32490 56 2 differentiation differentiation NOUN fcis-32490 56 3 is be AUX fcis-32490 56 4 used use VERB fcis-32490 56 5 to to PART fcis-32490 56 6 compute compute VERB fcis-32490 56 7 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 56 8 gradients gradient NOUN fcis-32490 56 9 of of ADP fcis-32490 56 10 the the DET fcis-32490 56 11 predicted predict VERB fcis-32490 56 12 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 56 13 field field NOUN fcis-32490 56 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 56 15 enabling enable VERB fcis-32490 56 16 construction construction NOUN fcis-32490 56 17 of of ADP fcis-32490 56 18 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 56 19 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 56 20 rate rate NOUN fcis-32490 56 21 tensors tensor NOUN fcis-32490 56 22 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 56 23 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 56 24 via via ADP fcis-32490 56 25 linear linear PROPN fcis-32490 56 26 elasticity elasticity NOUN fcis-32490 56 27 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 56 28 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 56 29 the the DET fcis-32490 56 30 residuals residual NOUN fcis-32490 56 31 of of ADP fcis-32490 56 32 the the DET fcis-32490 56 33 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 56 34 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 56 35 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 56 36 i.e. i.e. X fcis-32490 56 37 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 56 38 the the DET fcis-32490 56 39 degree degree NOUN fcis-32490 56 40 to to PART fcis-32490 56 41 which which PRON fcis-32490 56 42 force force NOUN fcis-32490 56 43 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 56 44 balance balance NOUN fcis-32490 56 45 is be AUX fcis-32490 56 46 violated violate VERB fcis-32490 56 47 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 56 48 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 57 1 the the DET fcis-32490 57 2 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 57 3 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 57 4 is be AUX fcis-32490 57 5 defined define VERB fcis-32490 57 6 as as ADP fcis-32490 57 7 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 57 8 𝐿physics 𝐿physic NOUN fcis-32490 57 9         SPACE fcis-32490 57 10 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 57 11 𝑁 𝑁 PROPN fcis-32490 57 12 𝑤 𝑤 ADP fcis-32490 57 13 𝐱 𝐱 PRON fcis-32490 57 14     SPACE fcis-32490 57 15 ∥ ∥ PROPN fcis-32490 57 16 𝑅 𝑅 PROPN fcis-32490 57 17 𝐱 𝐱 NOUN fcis-32490 57 18 ∥ ∥ X fcis-32490 57 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 57 20 4 4 NUM fcis-32490 57 21 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 57 22 the the DET fcis-32490 57 23 sum sum NOUN fcis-32490 57 24 is be AUX fcis-32490 57 25 over over ADP fcis-32490 57 26 nₚ nₚ NOUN fcis-32490 57 27 collocation collocation NOUN fcis-32490 57 28 points point NOUN fcis-32490 57 29 in in ADP fcis-32490 57 30 the the DET fcis-32490 57 31 domain domain NOUN fcis-32490 57 32 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 58 1 here here ADV fcis-32490 58 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 58 3 r(x r(x PROPN fcis-32490 58 4 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 58 5 is be AUX fcis-32490 58 6 the the DET fcis-32490 58 7 vector vector NOUN fcis-32490 58 8 of of ADP fcis-32490 58 9 pde pde NOUN fcis-32490 58 10 residuals residual NOUN fcis-32490 58 11 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 58 12 i.e. i.e. X fcis-32490 58 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 58 14 the the DET fcis-32490 58 15 left left ADJ fcis-32490 58 16 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 58 17 hand hand NOUN fcis-32490 58 18 side side NOUN fcis-32490 58 19 of of ADP fcis-32490 58 20 the the DET fcis-32490 58 21 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN fcis-32490 58 22 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 58 23 above above ADP fcis-32490 58 24 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 58 25 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 58 26 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 58 27 w(x w(x NOUN fcis-32490 58 28 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 58 29 ∈ ∈ PROPN fcis-32490 58 30 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 58 31 0 0 NUM fcis-32490 58 32 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 58 33 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 58 34 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 58 35 is be AUX fcis-32490 58 36 41 41 NUM fcis-32490 58 37 a a DET fcis-32490 58 38 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 58 39 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 58 40 factor factor NOUN fcis-32490 58 41 that that PRON fcis-32490 58 42 modulates modulate VERB fcis-32490 58 43 the the DET fcis-32490 58 44 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 58 45 contribution contribution NOUN fcis-32490 58 46 at at ADP fcis-32490 58 47 each each DET fcis-32490 58 48 location location NOUN fcis-32490 58 49 x. x. NOUN fcis-32490 58 50 in in ADP fcis-32490 58 51 the the DET fcis-32490 58 52 adaptive adaptive NOUN fcis-32490 58 53 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 58 54 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 58 55 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 58 56 w(x w(x PROPN fcis-32490 58 57 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 58 58 is be AUX fcis-32490 58 59 predicted predict VERB fcis-32490 58 60 by by ADP fcis-32490 58 61 an an DET fcis-32490 58 62 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 58 63 sub sub NOUN fcis-32490 58 64 - - NOUN fcis-32490 58 65 network network NOUN fcis-32490 58 66 to to PART fcis-32490 58 67 emphasize emphasize VERB fcis-32490 58 68 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 58 69 with with ADP fcis-32490 58 70 larger large ADJ fcis-32490 58 71 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 58 72 residuals residual NOUN fcis-32490 58 73 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 59 1 for for ADP fcis-32490 59 2 example example NOUN fcis-32490 59 3 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 59 4 the the DET fcis-32490 59 5 weight weight NOUN fcis-32490 59 6 function function NOUN fcis-32490 59 7 can can AUX fcis-32490 59 8 be be AUX fcis-32490 59 9 modeled model VERB fcis-32490 59 10 as as ADP fcis-32490 59 11 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 59 12 𝑤 𝑤 PART fcis-32490 59 13 𝐱 𝐱 PROPN fcis-32490 59 14 𝜎 𝜎 VERB fcis-32490 59 15 ℎ ℎ X fcis-32490 59 16 𝐱 𝐱 PROPN fcis-32490 59 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 59 18 5 5 NUM fcis-32490 59 19 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 59 20 hθ hθ PROPN fcis-32490 59 21 is be AUX fcis-32490 59 22 a a DET fcis-32490 59 23 trainable trainable ADJ fcis-32490 59 24 function function NOUN fcis-32490 59 25 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 59 26 a a DET fcis-32490 59 27 small small ADJ fcis-32490 59 28 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 59 29 network network NOUN fcis-32490 59 30 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 59 31 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 59 32 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 59 33 σ σ PROPN fcis-32490 59 34 is be AUX fcis-32490 59 35 the the DET fcis-32490 59 36 sigmoid sigmoid NOUN fcis-32490 59 37 activation activation NOUN fcis-32490 59 38 function function NOUN fcis-32490 59 39 that that PRON fcis-32490 59 40 maps map VERB fcis-32490 59 41 outputs output NOUN fcis-32490 59 42 to to ADP fcis-32490 59 43 the the DET fcis-32490 59 44 interval interval NOUN fcis-32490 59 45 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 59 46 0 0 NUM fcis-32490 59 47 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 59 48     SPACE fcis-32490 59 49 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 59 50 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 59 51 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 60 1 under under ADP fcis-32490 60 2 a a DET fcis-32490 60 3 residual residual ADJ fcis-32490 60 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 60 5 based base VERB fcis-32490 60 6 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 60 7 scheme scheme NOUN fcis-32490 60 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 60 9 points point VERB fcis-32490 60 10 that that PRON fcis-32490 60 11 poorly poorly ADV fcis-32490 60 12 satisfy satisfy VERB fcis-32490 60 13 the the DET fcis-32490 60 14 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 60 15 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 60 16 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 60 17 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 60 18 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 60 19 force force NOUN fcis-32490 60 20 balance balance NOUN fcis-32490 60 21 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 60 22 receive receive VERB fcis-32490 60 23 a a DET fcis-32490 60 24 larger large ADJ fcis-32490 60 25 penalty[5 penalty[5 NOUN fcis-32490 60 26 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 60 27 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 61 1 this this PRON fcis-32490 61 2 directs direct VERB fcis-32490 61 3 training training NOUN fcis-32490 61 4 toward toward ADP fcis-32490 61 5 reducing reduce VERB fcis-32490 61 6 those those DET fcis-32490 61 7 violations violation NOUN fcis-32490 61 8 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 62 1 3.3 3.3 NUM fcis-32490 62 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 63 1 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 63 2 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 63 3 training training NOUN fcis-32490 63 4 strategy strategy NOUN fcis-32490 63 5 the the DET fcis-32490 63 6 total total ADJ fcis-32490 63 7 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 63 8 function function NOUN fcis-32490 63 9 combines combine VERB fcis-32490 63 10 both both CCONJ fcis-32490 63 11 the the DET fcis-32490 63 12 data data NOUN fcis-32490 63 13 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 63 14 fitting fit VERB fcis-32490 63 15 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 63 16 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 63 17 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 63 18 based base VERB fcis-32490 63 19 penalty penalty NOUN fcis-32490 63 20 terms term NOUN fcis-32490 63 21 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 63 22 each each PRON fcis-32490 63 23 with with ADP fcis-32490 63 24 appropriate appropriate ADJ fcis-32490 63 25 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 63 26 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 64 1 specifically specifically ADV fcis-32490 64 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 64 3 the the DET fcis-32490 64 4 overall overall ADJ fcis-32490 64 5 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 64 6 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 64 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 64 8 ltotal ltotal PROPN fcis-32490 64 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 64 10 is be AUX fcis-32490 64 11 formulated formulate VERB fcis-32490 64 12 as as ADP fcis-32490 64 13 a a DET fcis-32490 64 14 weighted weighted ADJ fcis-32490 64 15 sum sum NOUN fcis-32490 64 16 of of ADP fcis-32490 64 17 the the DET fcis-32490 64 18 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 64 19 misfit misfit NOUN fcis-32490 64 20 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 64 21 ldata ldata NOUN fcis-32490 64 22 — — PUNCT fcis-32490 64 23 which which PRON fcis-32490 64 24 quantifies quantify VERB fcis-32490 64 25 the the DET fcis-32490 64 26 error error NOUN fcis-32490 64 27 between between ADP fcis-32490 64 28 predicted predict VERB fcis-32490 64 29 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 64 30 observed observed ADJ fcis-32490 64 31 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 64 32 quantities quantity NOUN fcis-32490 64 33 — — PUNCT fcis-32490 64 34 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 64 35 the the DET fcis-32490 64 36 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 64 37 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 64 38 lphysics lphysic NOUN fcis-32490 64 39 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 64 40 𝐿 𝐿 PROPN fcis-32490 64 41         SPACE fcis-32490 64 42 𝜆 𝜆 DET fcis-32490 64 43     SPACE fcis-32490 64 44 𝐿 𝐿 PROPN fcis-32490 64 45         SPACE fcis-32490 64 46 𝜆 𝜆 DET fcis-32490 64 47     SPACE fcis-32490 64 48 𝐿 𝐿 PROPN fcis-32490 64 49 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 64 50 6 6 NUM fcis-32490 64 51 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 64 52 λdata λdata NOUN fcis-32490 64 53 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 64 54 λphys λphy NOUN fcis-32490 64 55 are be AUX fcis-32490 64 56 weighting weight VERB fcis-32490 64 57 coefficients coefficient NOUN fcis-32490 64 58 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 65 1 in in ADP fcis-32490 65 2 our our PRON fcis-32490 65 3 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 65 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 65 5 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 65 6 framework framework NOUN fcis-32490 65 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 65 8 these these DET fcis-32490 65 9 coefficients coefficient NOUN fcis-32490 65 10 can can AUX fcis-32490 65 11 be be AUX fcis-32490 65 12 treated treat VERB fcis-32490 65 13 as as ADP fcis-32490 65 14 trainable trainable ADJ fcis-32490 65 15 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 65 16 dynamically dynamically ADV fcis-32490 65 17 adjusted adjust VERB fcis-32490 65 18 parameters parameter NOUN fcis-32490 65 19 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 66 1 because because SCONJ fcis-32490 66 2 it it PRON fcis-32490 66 3 prevents prevent VERB fcis-32490 66 4 one one NUM fcis-32490 66 5 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 66 6 component component NOUN fcis-32490 66 7 from from ADP fcis-32490 66 8 dominating dominate VERB fcis-32490 66 9 the the DET fcis-32490 66 10 optimization optimization NOUN fcis-32490 66 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 66 12 this this DET fcis-32490 66 13 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 66 14 strategy strategy NOUN fcis-32490 66 15 yields yield NOUN fcis-32490 66 16 faster fast ADV fcis-32490 66 17 convergence[6 convergence[6 NOUN fcis-32490 66 18 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 66 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 66 20 more more ADV fcis-32490 66 21 stable stable ADJ fcis-32490 66 22 late late ADJ fcis-32490 66 23 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 66 24 stage stage NOUN fcis-32490 66 25 training training NOUN fcis-32490 66 26 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 66 27 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 66 28 closer close ADJ fcis-32490 66 29 adherence adherence NOUN fcis-32490 66 30 to to ADP fcis-32490 66 31 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 66 32 laws law NOUN fcis-32490 66 33 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 67 1 we we PRON fcis-32490 67 2 train train VERB fcis-32490 67 3 a a DET fcis-32490 67 4 baseline baseline NOUN fcis-32490 67 5 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 67 6 an an DET fcis-32490 67 7 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 67 8 model model NOUN fcis-32490 67 9 side side NOUN fcis-32490 67 10 by by ADP fcis-32490 67 11 side side NOUN fcis-32490 67 12 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 67 13 usually usually ADV fcis-32490 67 14 with with ADP fcis-32490 67 15 sgd sgd PROPN fcis-32490 67 16 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 67 17 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 67 18 a a DET fcis-32490 67 19 variant variant NOUN fcis-32490 67 20 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 67 21 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 67 22 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 67 23 stop stop VERB fcis-32490 67 24 when when SCONJ fcis-32490 67 25 the the DET fcis-32490 67 26 overall overall ADJ fcis-32490 67 27 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 67 28 component component NOUN fcis-32490 67 29 losses loss NOUN fcis-32490 67 30 converge converge VERB fcis-32490 67 31 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 68 1 4 4 X fcis-32490 68 2 . . X fcis-32490 68 3 experiments experiment NOUN fcis-32490 68 4 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 68 5 results result VERB fcis-32490 68 6 4.1 4.1 NUM fcis-32490 68 7 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 69 1 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 69 2 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 69 3 preprocessing preprocessing NOUN fcis-32490 69 4 we we PRON fcis-32490 69 5 use use VERB fcis-32490 69 6 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 69 7 horizontal horizontal ADJ fcis-32490 69 8 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 69 9 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 69 10 from from ADP fcis-32490 69 11 ngl ngl PROPN fcis-32490 69 12 as as ADP fcis-32490 69 13 inputs input NOUN fcis-32490 69 14 to to ADP fcis-32490 69 15 the the DET fcis-32490 69 16 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 69 17 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 70 1 preprocessing preprocesse VERB fcis-32490 70 2 involves involve VERB fcis-32490 70 3 removing remove VERB fcis-32490 70 4 outliers outlier NOUN fcis-32490 70 5 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 70 6 transforming transform VERB fcis-32490 70 7 coordinates coordinate NOUN fcis-32490 70 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 70 9 standardizing standardize VERB fcis-32490 70 10 variables variable NOUN fcis-32490 70 11 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 70 12 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 70 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 70 14 z z NOUN fcis-32490 70 15 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 70 16 scaling scale VERB fcis-32490 70 17 latitude latitude NOUN fcis-32490 70 18 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 70 19 longitude longitude NOUN fcis-32490 70 20 to to PART fcis-32490 70 21 limit limit VERB fcis-32490 70 22 scale scale NOUN fcis-32490 70 23 effects effect NOUN fcis-32490 70 24 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 70 25 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 70 26 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 70 27 constructing construct VERB fcis-32490 70 28 features feature NOUN fcis-32490 70 29 — — PUNCT fcis-32490 70 30 such such ADJ fcis-32490 70 31 as as ADP fcis-32490 70 32 speed speed NOUN fcis-32490 70 33 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 70 34 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 70 35 azimuth azimuth NOUN fcis-32490 70 36 from from ADP fcis-32490 70 37 ve ve PROPN fcis-32490 70 38 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 70 39 vn vn VERB fcis-32490 70 40 — — PUNCT fcis-32490 70 41 to to PART fcis-32490 70 42 serve serve VERB fcis-32490 70 43 as as ADP fcis-32490 70 44 network network NOUN fcis-32490 70 45 training training NOUN fcis-32490 70 46 targets target NOUN fcis-32490 70 47 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 71 1 these these DET fcis-32490 71 2 steps step NOUN fcis-32490 71 3 yield yield VERB fcis-32490 71 4 clean clean ADJ fcis-32490 71 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 71 6 normalized normalize VERB fcis-32490 71 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 71 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 71 9 feature feature NOUN fcis-32490 71 10 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 71 11 rich rich ADJ fcis-32490 71 12 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 71 13 for for ADP fcis-32490 71 14 the the DET fcis-32490 71 15 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 71 16 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 71 17 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 71 18 models model NOUN fcis-32490 71 19 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 72 1 figure figure NOUN fcis-32490 72 2 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 72 3 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 73 1 gnss gnss PROPN fcis-32490 73 2 horizontal horizontal PROPN fcis-32490 73 3 velocity velocity PROPN fcis-32490 73 4 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 73 5 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 73 6 vector vector NOUN fcis-32490 73 7 field field NOUN fcis-32490 73 8 derived derive VERB fcis-32490 73 9 from from ADP fcis-32490 73 10 ngl ngl PROPN fcis-32490 73 11 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 73 12 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 74 1 the the DET fcis-32490 74 2 left left ADJ fcis-32490 74 3 panel panel NOUN fcis-32490 74 4 shows show VERB fcis-32490 74 5 the the DET fcis-32490 74 6 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 74 7 distribution distribution NOUN fcis-32490 74 8 of of ADP fcis-32490 74 9 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 74 10 station station NOUN fcis-32490 74 11 horizontal horizontal ADJ fcis-32490 74 12 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 74 13 magnitudes magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 74 14 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 74 15 mm mm PROPN fcis-32490 74 16 yr⁻¹ yr⁻¹ NOUN fcis-32490 74 17 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 74 18 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 74 19 while while SCONJ fcis-32490 74 20 the the DET fcis-32490 74 21 right right ADJ fcis-32490 74 22 panel panel NOUN fcis-32490 74 23 presents present VERB fcis-32490 74 24 the the DET fcis-32490 74 25 corresponding corresponding ADJ fcis-32490 74 26 horizontal horizontal ADJ fcis-32490 74 27 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 74 28 vectors vector NOUN fcis-32490 74 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 75 1 arrows arrow NOUN fcis-32490 75 2 indicate indicate VERB fcis-32490 75 3 both both CCONJ fcis-32490 75 4 the the DET fcis-32490 75 5 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 75 6 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 75 7 direction direction NOUN fcis-32490 75 8 of of ADP fcis-32490 75 9 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 75 10 motion motion NOUN fcis-32490 75 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 75 12 with with ADP fcis-32490 75 13 longer long ADJ fcis-32490 75 14 arrows arrow NOUN fcis-32490 75 15 representing represent VERB fcis-32490 75 16 higher high ADJ fcis-32490 75 17 ground ground NOUN fcis-32490 75 18 velocities velocity NOUN fcis-32490 75 19 associated associate VERB fcis-32490 75 20 with with ADP fcis-32490 75 21 active active ADJ fcis-32490 75 22 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 75 23 deformation deformation NOUN fcis-32490 75 24 across across ADP fcis-32490 75 25 major major ADJ fcis-32490 75 26 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 75 27 zones zone NOUN fcis-32490 75 28 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 76 1 4.2 4.2 NUM fcis-32490 76 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 77 1 training training NOUN fcis-32490 77 2 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 77 3 comparison comparison NOUN fcis-32490 77 4 training training NOUN fcis-32490 77 5 seismicadaptivepinn seismicadaptivepinn NOUN fcis-32490 77 6 uses use VERB fcis-32490 77 7 the the DET fcis-32490 77 8 prepared prepare VERB fcis-32490 77 9 dataset dataset NOUN fcis-32490 77 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 77 11 with with SCONJ fcis-32490 77 12 both both CCONJ fcis-32490 77 13 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 77 14 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 77 15 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 77 16 losses loss NOUN fcis-32490 77 17 tracked track VERB fcis-32490 77 18 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 78 1 relative relative ADJ fcis-32490 78 2 to to ADP fcis-32490 78 3 the the DET fcis-32490 78 4 baseline baseline NOUN fcis-32490 78 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 78 6 the the DET fcis-32490 78 7 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 78 8 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 78 9 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 78 10 shows show VERB fcis-32490 78 11 a a DET fcis-32490 78 12 smoother smooth ADJ fcis-32490 78 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 78 14 faster fast ADJ fcis-32490 78 15 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 78 16 decline decline NOUN fcis-32490 78 17 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 78 18 reaches reach VERB fcis-32490 78 19 a a DET fcis-32490 78 20 lower low ADJ fcis-32490 78 21 final final ADJ fcis-32490 78 22 value value NOUN fcis-32490 78 23 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 78 24 indicating indicate VERB fcis-32490 78 25 better well ADJ fcis-32490 78 26 stability stability NOUN fcis-32490 78 27 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 78 28 efficiency efficiency NOUN fcis-32490 78 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 79 1 the the DET fcis-32490 79 2 residual residual ADJ fcis-32490 79 3 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 79 4 driven drive VERB fcis-32490 79 5 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 79 6 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 79 7 in in ADP fcis-32490 79 8 particular particular ADJ fcis-32490 79 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 79 10 speeds speed VERB fcis-32490 79 11 the the DET fcis-32490 79 12 drop drop NOUN fcis-32490 79 13 in in ADP fcis-32490 79 14 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 79 15 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 79 16 without without ADP fcis-32490 79 17 noticeably noticeably ADV fcis-32490 79 18 harming harm VERB fcis-32490 79 19 the the DET fcis-32490 79 20 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 79 21 fit fit ADJ fcis-32490 79 22 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 80 1 altogether altogether ADV fcis-32490 80 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 80 3 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 80 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 80 5 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 80 6 converges converge VERB fcis-32490 80 7 efficiently efficiently ADV fcis-32490 80 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 80 9 achieves achieve VERB fcis-32490 80 10 high high ADJ fcis-32490 80 11 accuracy accuracy NOUN fcis-32490 80 12 on on ADP fcis-32490 80 13 both both DET fcis-32490 80 14 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 80 15 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 80 16 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 80 17 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 80 18 [ [ X fcis-32490 80 19 7 7 NUM fcis-32490 80 20 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 80 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 81 1 4.3 4.3 NUM fcis-32490 81 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 81 3 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 81 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 81 5 field field NOUN fcis-32490 81 6 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 81 7 outcomes outcome NOUN fcis-32490 81 8 after after ADP fcis-32490 81 9 training training NOUN fcis-32490 81 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 81 11 we we PRON fcis-32490 81 12 evaluate evaluate VERB fcis-32490 81 13 the the DET fcis-32490 81 14 model model NOUN fcis-32490 81 15 on on ADP fcis-32490 81 16 a a DET fcis-32490 81 17 regular regular ADJ fcis-32490 81 18 grid grid NOUN fcis-32490 81 19 across across ADP fcis-32490 81 20 the the DET fcis-32490 81 21 study study NOUN fcis-32490 81 22 area area NOUN fcis-32490 81 23 to to PART fcis-32490 81 24 obtain obtain VERB fcis-32490 81 25 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 81 26 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 81 27 field field NOUN fcis-32490 81 28 quantities quantity NOUN fcis-32490 81 29 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 81 30 producing produce VERB fcis-32490 81 31 high high ADJ fcis-32490 81 32 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 81 33 resolution resolution NOUN fcis-32490 81 34 parameter parameter NOUN fcis-32490 81 35 maps map NOUN fcis-32490 81 36 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 82 1 the the DET fcis-32490 82 2 adaptivepinn adaptivepinn NOUN fcis-32490 82 3 ’s ’s PART fcis-32490 82 4 inferred infer VERB fcis-32490 82 5 maximum maximum ADJ fcis-32490 82 6 shear shear NOUN fcis-32490 82 7 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 82 8 shows show VERB fcis-32490 82 9 strong strong ADJ fcis-32490 82 10 concentrations concentration NOUN fcis-32490 82 11 that that PRON fcis-32490 82 12 trace trace VERB fcis-32490 82 13 major major ADJ fcis-32490 82 14 active active ADJ fcis-32490 82 15 faults fault NOUN fcis-32490 82 16 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 82 17 these these DET fcis-32490 82 18 highs high NOUN fcis-32490 82 19 coincide coincide VERB fcis-32490 82 20 with with ADP fcis-32490 82 21 mapped map VERB fcis-32490 82 22 tectonic tectonic ADJ fcis-32490 82 23 belts belt NOUN fcis-32490 82 24 [ [ X fcis-32490 82 25 8 8 NUM fcis-32490 82 26 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 82 27 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 82 28 zones zone NOUN fcis-32490 82 29 of of ADP fcis-32490 82 30 historical historical ADJ fcis-32490 82 31 seismicity seismicity NOUN fcis-32490 82 32 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 82 33 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 82 34 are be AUX fcis-32490 82 35 sharply sharply ADV fcis-32490 82 36 resolved resolve VERB fcis-32490 82 37 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 83 1 the the DET fcis-32490 83 2 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 83 3 patterns pattern NOUN fcis-32490 83 4 match match VERB fcis-32490 83 5 regional regional ADJ fcis-32490 83 6 tectonics tectonic NOUN fcis-32490 83 7 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 83 8 seismicity seismicity NOUN fcis-32490 83 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 83 10 indicating indicate VERB fcis-32490 83 11 that that SCONJ fcis-32490 83 12 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 83 13 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 83 14 recovers recover VERB fcis-32490 83 15 fine fine ADJ fcis-32490 83 16 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 83 17 scale scale NOUN fcis-32490 83 18 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 83 19 structure structure NOUN fcis-32490 83 20 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 84 1 by by ADP fcis-32490 84 2 steering steer VERB fcis-32490 84 3 attention attention NOUN fcis-32490 84 4 to to ADP fcis-32490 84 5 difficult difficult ADJ fcis-32490 84 6 areas area NOUN fcis-32490 84 7 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 84 8 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 84 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 84 10 near near ADP fcis-32490 84 11 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 84 12 discontinuities discontinuity NOUN fcis-32490 84 13 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 84 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 84 15 the the DET fcis-32490 84 16 method method NOUN fcis-32490 84 17 yields yield VERB fcis-32490 84 18 more more ADV fcis-32490 84 19 detailed detailed ADJ fcis-32490 84 20 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 84 21 geologically geologically ADV fcis-32490 84 22 coherent coherent ADJ fcis-32490 84 23 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 84 24 inversions inversion NOUN fcis-32490 84 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 85 1 the the DET fcis-32490 85 2 total total ADJ fcis-32490 85 3 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 85 4 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 85 5 blue blue NOUN fcis-32490 85 6 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 85 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 85 8 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 85 9 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 85 10 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 85 11 red red ADJ fcis-32490 85 12 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 85 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 85 14 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 85 15 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 85 16 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 85 17 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 85 18 green green ADJ fcis-32490 85 19 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 85 20 are be AUX fcis-32490 85 21 shown show VERB fcis-32490 85 22 across across ADP fcis-32490 85 23 training training NOUN fcis-32490 85 24 rounds round NOUN fcis-32490 85 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 86 1 the the DET fcis-32490 86 2 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 86 3 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 86 4 mechanism mechanism NOUN fcis-32490 86 5 effectively effectively ADV fcis-32490 86 6 reduces reduce VERB fcis-32490 86 7 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 86 8 residuals residual NOUN fcis-32490 86 9 while while SCONJ fcis-32490 86 10 stabilizing stabilize VERB fcis-32490 86 11 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 86 12 fitting fitting ADJ fcis-32490 86 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 86 14 leading lead VERB fcis-32490 86 15 to to ADP fcis-32490 86 16 faster fast ADJ fcis-32490 86 17 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 86 18 more more ADV fcis-32490 86 19 balanced balanced ADJ fcis-32490 86 20 convergence convergence NOUN fcis-32490 86 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 87 1 4.4 4.4 NUM fcis-32490 87 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 88 1 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 88 2 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 88 3 analysis analysis NOUN fcis-32490 88 4 in in ADP fcis-32490 88 5 addition addition NOUN fcis-32490 88 6 to to ADP fcis-32490 88 7 the the DET fcis-32490 88 8 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 88 9 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 88 10 field field NOUN fcis-32490 88 11 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 88 12 we we PRON fcis-32490 88 13 are be AUX fcis-32490 88 14 able able ADJ fcis-32490 88 15 to to PART fcis-32490 88 16 obtain obtain VERB fcis-32490 88 17 a a DET fcis-32490 88 18 composite composite ADJ fcis-32490 88 19 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 88 20 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 88 21 index index NOUN fcis-32490 88 22 to to PART fcis-32490 88 23 determine determine VERB fcis-32490 88 24 areas area NOUN fcis-32490 88 25 of of ADP fcis-32490 88 26 high high ADJ fcis-32490 88 27 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 88 28 risk risk NOUN fcis-32490 88 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 89 1 this this PRON fcis-32490 89 2 is be AUX fcis-32490 89 3 a a DET fcis-32490 89 4 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 89 5 index index NOUN fcis-32490 89 6 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 89 7 ih ih NOUN fcis-32490 89 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 89 9 calculated calculate VERB fcis-32490 89 10 using use VERB fcis-32490 89 11 several several ADJ fcis-32490 89 12 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 89 13 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 89 14 related relate VERB fcis-32490 89 15 parameters parameter NOUN fcis-32490 89 16 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 89 17 mostly mostly ADV fcis-32490 89 18 the the DET fcis-32490 89 19 maximum maximum ADJ fcis-32490 89 20 shear shear NOUN fcis-32490 89 21 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 89 22 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 89 23 the the DET fcis-32490 89 24 von von PROPN fcis-32490 89 25 mises mises PROPN fcis-32490 89 26 equivalent equivalent ADJ fcis-32490 89 27 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 89 28 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 89 29 which which PRON fcis-32490 89 30 is be AUX fcis-32490 89 31 a a DET fcis-32490 89 32 measure measure NOUN fcis-32490 89 33 of of ADP fcis-32490 89 34 the the DET fcis-32490 89 35 accrued accrue VERB fcis-32490 89 36 tectonic tectonic ADJ fcis-32490 89 37 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 89 38 as as ADV fcis-32490 89 39 well well ADV fcis-32490 89 40 as as ADP fcis-32490 89 41 the the DET fcis-32490 89 42 possible possible ADJ fcis-32490 89 43 failure failure NOUN fcis-32490 89 44 [ [ X fcis-32490 89 45 9 9 NUM fcis-32490 89 46 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 89 47 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 90 1 42 42 NUM fcis-32490 90 2 figure figure NOUN fcis-32490 90 3 3 3 NUM fcis-32490 90 4 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 90 5 training train VERB fcis-32490 90 6 loss loss NOUN fcis-32490 90 7 curve curve NOUN fcis-32490 90 8 of of ADP fcis-32490 90 9 the the DET fcis-32490 90 10 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 90 11 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 90 12 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 90 13 model model NOUN fcis-32490 90 14 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 91 1 first first ADV fcis-32490 91 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 91 3 we we PRON fcis-32490 91 4 obtain obtain VERB fcis-32490 91 5 the the DET fcis-32490 91 6 maximum maximum ADJ fcis-32490 91 7 shear shear NOUN fcis-32490 91 8 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 91 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 91 10 τmax τmax ADP fcis-32490 91 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 91 12 from from ADP fcis-32490 91 13 the the DET fcis-32490 91 14 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 91 15 tensor tensor NOUN fcis-32490 91 16 field field NOUN fcis-32490 91 17 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 91 18 representing represent VERB fcis-32490 91 19 the the DET fcis-32490 91 20 largest large ADJ fcis-32490 91 21 shear shear NOUN fcis-32490 91 22 acting act VERB fcis-32490 91 23 at at ADP fcis-32490 91 24 a a DET fcis-32490 91 25 point point NOUN fcis-32490 91 26 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 91 27 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 91 28 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 91 29 the the DET fcis-32490 91 30 von von PROPN fcis-32490 91 31 mises mises PROPN fcis-32490 91 32 stress stress PROPN fcis-32490 91 33 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 91 34 σvm σvm PROPN fcis-32490 91 35 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 91 36 which which PRON fcis-32490 91 37 is be AUX fcis-32490 91 38 a a DET fcis-32490 91 39 scalar scalar ADJ fcis-32490 91 40 quantity quantity NOUN fcis-32490 91 41 that that PRON fcis-32490 91 42 combines combine VERB fcis-32490 91 43 all all DET fcis-32490 91 44 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 91 45 components component NOUN fcis-32490 91 46 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 92 1 for for ADP fcis-32490 92 2 a a DET fcis-32490 92 3 two two NUM fcis-32490 92 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 92 5 dimensional dimensional ADJ fcis-32490 92 6 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 92 7 state state NOUN fcis-32490 92 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 92 9 these these DET fcis-32490 92 10 quantities quantity NOUN fcis-32490 92 11 are be AUX fcis-32490 92 12 defined define VERB fcis-32490 92 13 as as ADP fcis-32490 92 14 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 92 15 𝜏 𝜏 NOUN fcis-32490 92 16         SPACE fcis-32490 92 17 𝜎 𝜎 VERB fcis-32490 92 18 𝜎 𝜎 NOUN fcis-32490 92 19 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 92 20 𝜎 𝜎 NOUN fcis-32490 92 21 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 92 22 7 7 NUM fcis-32490 92 23 𝜎 𝜎 NOUN fcis-32490 92 24             SPACE fcis-32490 92 25 𝜎 𝜎 NOUN fcis-32490 92 26 𝜎 𝜎 NOUN fcis-32490 92 27 𝜎 𝜎 VERB fcis-32490 92 28     SPACE fcis-32490 92 29 𝜎 𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 92 30 3 3 NUM fcis-32490 92 31     SPACE fcis-32490 92 32 𝜎 𝜎 NOUN fcis-32490 92 33     SPACE fcis-32490 92 34 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 92 35 8 8 NUM fcis-32490 92 36 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 92 37 σxx σxx NOUN fcis-32490 92 38 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 92 39 σyy σyy VERB fcis-32490 92 40 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 92 41 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 92 42 σxy σxy NOUN fcis-32490 92 43 are be AUX fcis-32490 92 44 the the DET fcis-32490 92 45 components component NOUN fcis-32490 92 46 of of ADP fcis-32490 92 47 the the DET fcis-32490 92 48 predicted predict VERB fcis-32490 92 49 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 92 50 tensor tensor NOUN fcis-32490 92 51 in in ADP fcis-32490 92 52 the the DET fcis-32490 92 53 horizontal horizontal ADJ fcis-32490 92 54 plane plane NOUN fcis-32490 92 55 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 92 56 assuming assume VERB fcis-32490 92 57 plane plane NOUN fcis-32490 92 58 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 92 59 conditions condition NOUN fcis-32490 92 60 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 93 1 high high ADJ fcis-32490 93 2 values value NOUN fcis-32490 93 3 of of ADP fcis-32490 93 4 τmax τmax NOUN fcis-32490 93 5 indicate indicate VERB fcis-32490 93 6 large large ADJ fcis-32490 93 7 differential differential ADJ fcis-32490 93 8 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 93 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 93 10 which which PRON fcis-32490 93 11 promotes promote VERB fcis-32490 93 12 shear shear ADJ fcis-32490 93 13 failure failure NOUN fcis-32490 93 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 93 15 while while SCONJ fcis-32490 93 16 high high ADJ fcis-32490 93 17 σvm σvm PROPN fcis-32490 93 18 reflects reflect VERB fcis-32490 93 19 elevated elevated ADJ fcis-32490 93 20 overall overall ADJ fcis-32490 93 21 distortional distortional ADJ fcis-32490 93 22 energy energy NOUN fcis-32490 93 23 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 94 1 to to PART fcis-32490 94 2 construct construct VERB fcis-32490 94 3 a a DET fcis-32490 94 4 unified unified ADJ fcis-32490 94 5 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 94 6 index index NOUN fcis-32490 94 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 94 8 ih ih PRON fcis-32490 94 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 94 10 we we PRON fcis-32490 94 11 normalize normalize VERB fcis-32490 94 12 both both PRON fcis-32490 94 13 τmax τmax ADJ fcis-32490 94 14 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 94 15 σvm σvm NOUN fcis-32490 94 16 by by ADP fcis-32490 94 17 their their PRON fcis-32490 94 18 respective respective ADJ fcis-32490 94 19 maximum maximum ADJ fcis-32490 94 20 values value NOUN fcis-32490 94 21 across across ADP fcis-32490 94 22 the the DET fcis-32490 94 23 study study NOUN fcis-32490 94 24 region region NOUN fcis-32490 94 25 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 94 26 compute compute VERB fcis-32490 94 27 their their PRON fcis-32490 94 28 average average NOUN fcis-32490 94 29 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 94 30 𝐼 𝐼 ADP fcis-32490 94 31 𝐱 𝐱 PROPN fcis-32490 94 32         SPACE fcis-32490 94 33 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 94 34 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 94 35 𝜏 𝜏 PART fcis-32490 94 36 𝐱 𝐱 PRON fcis-32490 94 37 max max NOUN fcis-32490 94 38 𝜏 𝜏 PROPN fcis-32490 94 39         SPACE fcis-32490 94 40 𝜎 𝜎 PRON fcis-32490 95 1 𝐱 𝐱 PROPN fcis-32490 95 2 max max PROPN fcis-32490 95 3 𝜎 𝜎 PROPN fcis-32490 95 4 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 95 5 9 9 NUM fcis-32490 95 6 figure figure NOUN fcis-32490 95 7 4 4 NUM fcis-32490 95 8 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 95 9 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 95 10 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 95 11 index index NOUN fcis-32490 95 12 map map NOUN fcis-32490 95 13 of of ADP fcis-32490 95 14 the the DET fcis-32490 95 15 study study NOUN fcis-32490 95 16 region region NOUN fcis-32490 95 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 95 18 derived derive VERB fcis-32490 95 19 from from ADP fcis-32490 95 20 the the DET fcis-32490 95 21 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 95 22 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 95 23 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 95 24 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 95 25 results result NOUN fcis-32490 95 26 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 96 1 warmer warm ADJ fcis-32490 96 2 colors color NOUN fcis-32490 96 3 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 96 4 higher high ADJ fcis-32490 96 5 index index NOUN fcis-32490 96 6 values value NOUN fcis-32490 96 7 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 96 8 indicate indicate VERB fcis-32490 96 9 zones zone NOUN fcis-32490 96 10 of of ADP fcis-32490 96 11 greater great ADJ fcis-32490 96 12 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 96 13 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 96 14 potential potential NOUN fcis-32490 96 15 based base VERB fcis-32490 96 16 on on ADP fcis-32490 96 17 the the DET fcis-32490 96 18 combined combine VERB fcis-32490 96 19 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 96 20 metrics metric NOUN fcis-32490 96 21 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 97 1 the the DET fcis-32490 97 2 map map NOUN fcis-32490 97 3 successfully successfully ADV fcis-32490 97 4 highlights highlight NOUN fcis-32490 97 5 known know VERB fcis-32490 97 6 active active ADJ fcis-32490 97 7 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 97 8 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 97 9 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 97 10 also also ADV fcis-32490 97 11 identifies identify VERB fcis-32490 97 12 several several ADJ fcis-32490 97 13 adjacent adjacent ADJ fcis-32490 97 14 areas area NOUN fcis-32490 97 15 with with ADP fcis-32490 97 16 elevated elevated ADJ fcis-32490 97 17 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 97 18 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 97 19 which which PRON fcis-32490 97 20 could could AUX fcis-32490 97 21 be be AUX fcis-32490 97 22 targets target NOUN fcis-32490 97 23 for for ADP fcis-32490 97 24 further further ADJ fcis-32490 97 25 investigation investigation NOUN fcis-32490 97 26 in in ADP fcis-32490 97 27 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 97 28 risk risk NOUN fcis-32490 97 29 assessments assessment NOUN fcis-32490 97 30 43 43 NUM fcis-32490 97 31 which which PRON fcis-32490 97 32 yields yield VERB fcis-32490 97 33 a a DET fcis-32490 97 34 dimensionless dimensionless NOUN fcis-32490 97 35 index index NOUN fcis-32490 97 36 ranging range VERB fcis-32490 97 37 from from ADP fcis-32490 97 38 0 0 NUM fcis-32490 97 39 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 97 40 lowest low ADJ fcis-32490 97 41 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 97 42 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 97 43 to to ADP fcis-32490 97 44 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 97 45 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 97 46 highest high ADJ fcis-32490 97 47 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 97 48 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 97 49 in in ADP fcis-32490 97 50 the the DET fcis-32490 97 51 study study NOUN fcis-32490 97 52 area area NOUN fcis-32490 97 53 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 98 1 the the DET fcis-32490 98 2 resulting result VERB fcis-32490 98 3 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 98 4 map map NOUN fcis-32490 98 5 highlights highlight NOUN fcis-32490 98 6 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 98 7 that that PRON fcis-32490 98 8 not not PART fcis-32490 98 9 only only ADV fcis-32490 98 10 correspond correspond VERB fcis-32490 98 11 well well ADV fcis-32490 98 12 with with ADP fcis-32490 98 13 known know VERB fcis-32490 98 14 seismically seismically ADV fcis-32490 98 15 active active ADJ fcis-32490 98 16 zones zone NOUN fcis-32490 98 17 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 98 18 high high ADJ fcis-32490 98 19 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 98 20 index index NOUN fcis-32490 98 21 along along ADP fcis-32490 98 22 major major ADJ fcis-32490 98 23 faults fault NOUN fcis-32490 98 24 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 98 25 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 98 26 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 98 27 prone prone ADJ fcis-32490 98 28 areas area NOUN fcis-32490 98 29 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 98 30 but but CCONJ fcis-32490 98 31 also also ADV fcis-32490 98 32 reveals reveal VERB fcis-32490 98 33 additional additional ADJ fcis-32490 98 34 areas area NOUN fcis-32490 98 35 that that PRON fcis-32490 98 36 may may AUX fcis-32490 98 37 warrant warrant VERB fcis-32490 98 38 attention attention NOUN fcis-32490 98 39 due due ADP fcis-32490 98 40 to to ADP fcis-32490 98 41 elevated elevated ADJ fcis-32490 98 42 model model NOUN fcis-32490 98 43 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 98 44 predicted predict VERB fcis-32490 98 45 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 98 46 levels level NOUN fcis-32490 98 47 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 99 1 5 5 X fcis-32490 99 2 . . X fcis-32490 99 3 discussion discussion NOUN fcis-32490 99 4 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 99 5 conclusion conclusion NOUN fcis-32490 99 6 5.1 5.1 NUM fcis-32490 99 7 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 100 1 discussion discussion NOUN fcis-32490 100 2 the the DET fcis-32490 100 3 proposed propose VERB fcis-32490 100 4 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 100 5 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 100 6 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 100 7 approach approach NOUN fcis-32490 100 8 tightly tightly ADV fcis-32490 100 9 integrates integrate VERB fcis-32490 100 10 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 100 11 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 100 12 with with ADP fcis-32490 100 13 solid solid ADJ fcis-32490 100 14 mechanics mechanic NOUN fcis-32490 100 15 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 100 16 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 100 17 producing produce VERB fcis-32490 100 18 physically physically ADV fcis-32490 100 19 grounded ground VERB fcis-32490 100 20 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 100 21 high high ADJ fcis-32490 100 22 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 100 23 resolution resolution NOUN fcis-32490 100 24 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 100 25 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 100 26 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 101 1 the the DET fcis-32490 101 2 model model NOUN fcis-32490 101 3 shows show VERB fcis-32490 101 4 superior superior ADJ fcis-32490 101 5 generalization generalization NOUN fcis-32490 101 6 compared compare VERB fcis-32490 101 7 to to ADP fcis-32490 101 8 purely purely ADV fcis-32490 101 9 data data NOUN fcis-32490 101 10 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 101 11 driven drive VERB fcis-32490 101 12 models model NOUN fcis-32490 101 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 101 14 since since SCONJ fcis-32490 101 15 it it PRON fcis-32490 101 16 is be AUX fcis-32490 101 17 guided guide VERB fcis-32490 101 18 by by ADP fcis-32490 101 19 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 101 20 laws law NOUN fcis-32490 101 21 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 101 22 thus thus ADV fcis-32490 101 23 less less ADV fcis-32490 101 24 likely likely ADJ fcis-32490 101 25 to to PART fcis-32490 101 26 produce produce VERB fcis-32490 101 27 non non ADJ fcis-32490 101 28 - - ADJ fcis-32490 101 29 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 101 30 results result NOUN fcis-32490 101 31 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 102 1 moreover moreover ADV fcis-32490 102 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 102 3 it it PRON fcis-32490 102 4 exhibits exhibit VERB fcis-32490 102 5 a a DET fcis-32490 102 6 weaker weak ADJ fcis-32490 102 7 dependence dependence NOUN fcis-32490 102 8 on on ADP fcis-32490 102 9 simplifying simplify VERB fcis-32490 102 10 assumptions assumption NOUN fcis-32490 102 11 than than ADP fcis-32490 102 12 classical classical ADJ fcis-32490 102 13 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 102 14 methods method NOUN fcis-32490 102 15 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 103 1 the the DET fcis-32490 103 2 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 103 3 weighting weighting NOUN fcis-32490 103 4 mechanism mechanism NOUN fcis-32490 103 5 effectively effectively ADV fcis-32490 103 6 accelerates accelerate VERB fcis-32490 103 7 optimization optimization NOUN fcis-32490 103 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 103 9 boosts boost VERB fcis-32490 103 10 accuracy accuracy NOUN fcis-32490 103 11 in in ADP fcis-32490 103 12 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 103 13 where where SCONJ fcis-32490 103 14 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 103 15 are be AUX fcis-32490 103 16 challenging challenge VERB fcis-32490 103 17 to to PART fcis-32490 103 18 satisfy satisfy VERB fcis-32490 103 19 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 103 20 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 103 21 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 103 22 near near ADP fcis-32490 103 23 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 103 24 discontinuities discontinuity NOUN fcis-32490 103 25 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 103 26 in in ADP fcis-32490 103 27 heterogeneous heterogeneous ADJ fcis-32490 103 28 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 103 29 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 103 30 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 103 31 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 103 32 by by ADP fcis-32490 103 33 directing direct VERB fcis-32490 103 34 learning learn VERB fcis-32490 103 35 effort effort NOUN fcis-32490 103 36 to to ADP fcis-32490 103 37 those those DET fcis-32490 103 38 critical critical ADJ fcis-32490 103 39 areas[10 areas[10 NOUN fcis-32490 103 40 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 103 41 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 104 1 however however ADV fcis-32490 104 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 104 3 the the DET fcis-32490 104 4 present present ADJ fcis-32490 104 5 study study NOUN fcis-32490 104 6 assumes assume VERB fcis-32490 104 7 a a DET fcis-32490 104 8 static static ADJ fcis-32490 104 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 104 10 quasi quasi ADJ fcis-32490 104 11 - - ADJ fcis-32490 104 12 static static ADJ fcis-32490 104 13 scenario scenario NOUN fcis-32490 104 14 with with ADP fcis-32490 104 15 linear linear PROPN fcis-32490 104 16 elasticity elasticity NOUN fcis-32490 104 17 ; ; PUNCT fcis-32490 104 18 thus thus ADV fcis-32490 104 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 104 20 viscoelastic viscoelastic ADJ fcis-32490 104 21 effects effect NOUN fcis-32490 104 22 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 104 23 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ fcis-32490 104 24 material material ADJ fcis-32490 104 25 behavior behavior NOUN fcis-32490 104 26 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 104 27 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 104 28 time time NOUN fcis-32490 104 29 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 104 30 dependent dependent ADJ fcis-32490 104 31 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 104 32 changes change NOUN fcis-32490 104 33 are be AUX fcis-32490 104 34 not not PART fcis-32490 104 35 captured capture VERB fcis-32490 104 36 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 105 1 additionally additionally ADV fcis-32490 105 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 105 3 the the DET fcis-32490 105 4 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 105 5 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 105 6 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 105 7 's 's PART fcis-32490 105 8 performance performance NOUN fcis-32490 105 9 is be AUX fcis-32490 105 10 influenced influence VERB fcis-32490 105 11 by by ADP fcis-32490 105 12 the the DET fcis-32490 105 13 selection selection NOUN fcis-32490 105 14 of of ADP fcis-32490 105 15 collocation collocation NOUN fcis-32490 105 16 points point NOUN fcis-32490 105 17 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 105 18 the the DET fcis-32490 105 19 design design NOUN fcis-32490 105 20 of of ADP fcis-32490 105 21 the the DET fcis-32490 105 22 weighting weight VERB fcis-32490 105 23 sub sub NOUN fcis-32490 105 24 - - NOUN fcis-32490 105 25 network network NOUN fcis-32490 105 26 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 106 1 in in ADP fcis-32490 106 2 future future ADJ fcis-32490 106 3 work work NOUN fcis-32490 106 4 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 106 5 we we PRON fcis-32490 106 6 plan plan VERB fcis-32490 106 7 to to PART fcis-32490 106 8 incorporate incorporate VERB fcis-32490 106 9 more more ADV fcis-32490 106 10 sophisticated sophisticated ADJ fcis-32490 106 11 rheological rheological ADJ fcis-32490 106 12 models model NOUN fcis-32490 106 13 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 106 14 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 106 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 106 16 non non ADJ fcis-32490 106 17 - - ADJ fcis-32490 106 18 linear linear ADJ fcis-32490 106 19 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 106 20 plastic plastic ADJ fcis-32490 106 21 constitutive constitutive ADJ fcis-32490 106 22 laws law NOUN fcis-32490 106 23 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 106 24 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 106 25 extend extend VERB fcis-32490 106 26 the the DET fcis-32490 106 27 framework framework NOUN fcis-32490 106 28 to to PART fcis-32490 106 29 include include VERB fcis-32490 106 30 temporal temporal ADJ fcis-32490 106 31 evolution evolution NOUN fcis-32490 106 32 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 106 33 timedependent timedependent NOUN fcis-32490 106 34 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 106 35 accumulation accumulation NOUN fcis-32490 106 36 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 106 37 release release NOUN fcis-32490 106 38 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 106 39 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 107 1 further further ADJ fcis-32490 107 2 integration integration NOUN fcis-32490 107 3 of of ADP fcis-32490 107 4 multi multi ADJ fcis-32490 107 5 - - ADJ fcis-32490 107 6 source source NOUN fcis-32490 107 7 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 107 8 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 107 9 e.g. e.g. ADV fcis-32490 107 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 107 11 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 107 12 waveform waveform VERB fcis-32490 107 13 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 107 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 107 15 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 107 16 geometry geometry NOUN fcis-32490 107 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 107 18 or or CCONJ fcis-32490 107 19 geological geological ADJ fcis-32490 107 20 information information NOUN fcis-32490 107 21 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 107 22 could could AUX fcis-32490 107 23 also also ADV fcis-32490 107 24 enhance enhance VERB fcis-32490 107 25 the the DET fcis-32490 107 26 model model NOUN fcis-32490 107 27 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 107 28 providing provide VERB fcis-32490 107 29 a a DET fcis-32490 107 30 more more ADV fcis-32490 107 31 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ fcis-32490 107 32 tool tool NOUN fcis-32490 107 33 for for ADP fcis-32490 107 34 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 107 35 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 107 36 analysis analysis NOUN fcis-32490 107 37 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 108 1 5.2 5.2 NUM fcis-32490 108 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 108 3 conclusion conclusion NOUN fcis-32490 108 4 we we PRON fcis-32490 108 5 developed develop VERB fcis-32490 108 6 an an DET fcis-32490 108 7 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 108 8 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 108 9 pinn pinn NOUN fcis-32490 108 10 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 108 11 based base VERB fcis-32490 108 12 approach approach NOUN fcis-32490 108 13 for for ADP fcis-32490 108 14 highresolution highresolution NOUN fcis-32490 108 15 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 108 16 of of ADP fcis-32490 108 17 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 108 18 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 108 19 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 108 20 using use VERB fcis-32490 108 21 ngl ngl PROPN fcis-32490 108 22 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 108 23 velocity velocity NOUN fcis-32490 108 24 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 108 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 109 1 by by ADP fcis-32490 109 2 embedding embed VERB fcis-32490 109 3 physical physical ADJ fcis-32490 109 4 laws law NOUN fcis-32490 109 5 as as ADP fcis-32490 109 6 soft soft ADJ fcis-32490 109 7 constraints constraint NOUN fcis-32490 109 8 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 109 9 employing employ VERB fcis-32490 109 10 an an DET fcis-32490 109 11 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 109 12 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 109 13 mechanism mechanism NOUN fcis-32490 109 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 109 15 the the DET fcis-32490 109 16 method method NOUN fcis-32490 109 17 reconstructs reconstruct VERB fcis-32490 109 18 detailed detailed ADJ fcis-32490 109 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 109 20 physically physically ADV fcis-32490 109 21 consistent consistent ADJ fcis-32490 109 22 regional regional ADJ fcis-32490 109 23 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 109 24 fields field NOUN fcis-32490 109 25 from from ADP fcis-32490 109 26 sparse sparse ADJ fcis-32490 109 27 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 109 28 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 109 29 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 109 30 enables enable VERB fcis-32490 109 31 dynamic dynamic ADJ fcis-32490 109 32 earthquake earthquake NOUN fcis-32490 109 33 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 109 34 assessment assessment NOUN fcis-32490 109 35 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 110 1 the the DET fcis-32490 110 2 results result NOUN fcis-32490 110 3 demonstrate demonstrate VERB fcis-32490 110 4 that that SCONJ fcis-32490 110 5 this this DET fcis-32490 110 6 approach approach NOUN fcis-32490 110 7 can can AUX fcis-32490 110 8 serve serve VERB fcis-32490 110 9 as as ADP fcis-32490 110 10 a a DET fcis-32490 110 11 powerful powerful ADJ fcis-32490 110 12 new new ADJ fcis-32490 110 13 computational computational ADJ fcis-32490 110 14 paradigm paradigm NOUN fcis-32490 110 15 for for ADP fcis-32490 110 16 exploring explore VERB fcis-32490 110 17 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 110 18 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 110 19 states state NOUN fcis-32490 110 20 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 110 21 improving improve VERB fcis-32490 110 22 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 110 23 risk risk NOUN fcis-32490 110 24 evaluation evaluation NOUN fcis-32490 110 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 111 1 references reference NOUN fcis-32490 111 2 [ [ X fcis-32490 111 3 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 111 4 ] ] X fcis-32490 111 5 schuster schuster NOUN fcis-32490 111 6 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 111 7 g. g. PROPN fcis-32490 111 8 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 111 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 111 10 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 111 11 feng feng PROPN fcis-32490 111 12 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 111 13 s. s. PROPN fcis-32490 111 14 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 111 15 2024 2024 NUM fcis-32490 111 16 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 111 17 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 112 1 review review NOUN fcis-32490 112 2 of of ADP fcis-32490 112 3 physicsinformed physicsinforme VERB fcis-32490 112 4 machine machine NOUN fcis-32490 112 5 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 112 6 learning learn VERB fcis-32490 112 7 inversion inversion NOUN fcis-32490 112 8 of of ADP fcis-32490 112 9 geophysical geophysical ADJ fcis-32490 112 10 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 112 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 113 1 geophysics geophysic NOUN fcis-32490 113 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 113 3 89(6 89(6 NUM fcis-32490 113 4 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 113 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 113 6 t337 t337 PROPN fcis-32490 113 7 – – PUNCT fcis-32490 113 8 t391 t391 PROPN fcis-32490 113 9 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 113 10 https://doi.org/10 https://doi.org/10 PROPN fcis-32490 113 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 114 1 1190 1190 NUM fcis-32490 114 2 / / SYM fcis-32490 114 3 geo geo PROPN fcis-32490 114 4 2023 2023 NUM fcis-32490 114 5 - - SYM fcis-32490 114 6 0251.1 0251.1 NUM fcis-32490 114 7 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 115 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 115 2 2 2 NUM fcis-32490 115 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 115 4 raissi raissi ADJ fcis-32490 115 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 115 6 m. m. NOUN fcis-32490 115 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 115 8 perdikaris perdikaris NOUN fcis-32490 115 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 115 10 p. p. NOUN fcis-32490 115 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 115 12 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 115 13 karniadakis karniadakis PROPN fcis-32490 115 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 115 15 g. g. PROPN fcis-32490 115 16 e. e. PROPN fcis-32490 115 17 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 115 18 2019 2019 NUM fcis-32490 115 19 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 115 20 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 116 1 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 116 2 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 116 3 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 116 4 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 116 5 networks network NOUN fcis-32490 116 6 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 116 7 a a DET fcis-32490 116 8 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 116 9 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 116 10 framework framework NOUN fcis-32490 116 11 for for ADP fcis-32490 116 12 solving solve VERB fcis-32490 116 13 forward forward ADV fcis-32490 116 14 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 116 15 inverse inverse NOUN fcis-32490 116 16 problems problem NOUN fcis-32490 116 17 involving involve VERB fcis-32490 116 18 nonlinear nonlinear ADJ fcis-32490 116 19 partial partial ADJ fcis-32490 116 20 differential differential NOUN fcis-32490 116 21 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 116 22 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 117 1 journal journal NOUN fcis-32490 117 2 of of ADP fcis-32490 117 3 computational computational ADJ fcis-32490 117 4 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 117 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 117 6 378 378 NUM fcis-32490 117 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 117 8 686–707 686–707 NUM fcis-32490 117 9 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 118 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045 NOUN fcis-32490 118 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 119 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 119 2 3 3 NUM fcis-32490 119 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 119 4 okazaki okazaki PROPN fcis-32490 119 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 6 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 119 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 8 ito ito PROPN fcis-32490 119 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 10 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 119 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 12 hirahara hirahara PROPN fcis-32490 119 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 14 k. k. PROPN fcis-32490 119 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 16 ueda ueda PROPN fcis-32490 119 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 18 n. n. NOUN fcis-32490 119 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 20 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 119 21 fukahata fukahata PROPN fcis-32490 119 22 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 119 23 y. y. PROPN fcis-32490 119 24 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 119 25 2022 2022 NUM fcis-32490 119 26 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 119 27 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 120 1 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 120 2 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 120 3 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 120 4 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 120 5 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 120 6 approach approach NOUN fcis-32490 120 7 for for ADP fcis-32490 120 8 modeling model VERB fcis-32490 120 9 crustal crustal ADJ fcis-32490 120 10 deformation deformation NOUN fcis-32490 120 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 121 1 nature nature NOUN fcis-32490 121 2 communications communication NOUN fcis-32490 121 3 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 121 4 13 13 NUM fcis-32490 121 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 121 6 7092 7092 NUM fcis-32490 121 7 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 122 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34639-1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34639-1 NUM fcis-32490 122 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 123 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 123 2 4 4 NUM fcis-32490 123 3 ] ] PUNCT fcis-32490 123 4 poulet poulet NOUN fcis-32490 123 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 123 6 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 123 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 123 8 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 123 9 behnoudfar behnoudfar PROPN fcis-32490 123 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 123 11 p. p. NOUN fcis-32490 123 12 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 123 13 2023 2023 NUM fcis-32490 123 14 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 123 15 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 124 1 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 124 2 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 124 3 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 124 4 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 124 5 network network NOUN fcis-32490 124 6 reconciles reconcile VERB fcis-32490 124 7 australian australian ADJ fcis-32490 124 8 displacements displacement NOUN fcis-32490 124 9 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 124 10 tectonic tectonic ADJ fcis-32490 124 11 stresses stress NOUN fcis-32490 124 12 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 125 1 scientific scientific ADJ fcis-32490 125 2 reports report NOUN fcis-32490 125 3 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 125 4 13 13 NUM fcis-32490 125 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 125 6 23095 23095 NUM fcis-32490 125 7 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 126 1 https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/ PROPN fcis-32490 126 2 10 10 NUM fcis-32490 126 3 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 127 1 1038/ 1038/ NUM fcis-32490 127 2 s41598 s41598 PROPN fcis-32490 127 3 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 127 4 023 023 NUM fcis-32490 127 5 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 127 6 49494 49494 NUM fcis-32490 127 7 - - SYM fcis-32490 127 8 6 6 NUM fcis-32490 127 9 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 128 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 128 2 5 5 NUM fcis-32490 128 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 128 4 wang wang PROPN fcis-32490 128 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 6 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 128 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 8 liu liu PROPN fcis-32490 128 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 10 g. g. PROPN fcis-32490 128 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 12 li li PROPN fcis-32490 128 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 14 e. e. PROPN fcis-32490 128 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 16 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 128 17 xu xu PROPN fcis-32490 128 18 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 128 19 x. x. NOUN fcis-32490 128 20 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 128 21 2025 2025 NUM fcis-32490 128 22 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 128 23 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 129 1 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 129 2 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 129 3 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 129 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 129 5 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 129 6 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 129 7 network network NOUN fcis-32490 129 8 with with ADP fcis-32490 129 9 dual dual ADJ fcis-32490 129 10 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 129 11 nested nest VERB fcis-32490 129 12 activation activation NOUN fcis-32490 129 13 for for ADP fcis-32490 129 14 solving solve VERB fcis-32490 129 15 complex complex ADJ fcis-32490 129 16 partial partial ADJ fcis-32490 129 17 differential differential NOUN fcis-32490 129 18 equations equation NOUN fcis-32490 129 19 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 130 1 computer computer NOUN fcis-32490 130 2 methods method NOUN fcis-32490 130 3 in in ADP fcis-32490 130 4 applied applied ADJ fcis-32490 130 5 mechanics mechanic NOUN fcis-32490 130 6 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 130 7 engineering engineering NOUN fcis-32490 130 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 130 9 444 444 NUM fcis-32490 130 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 130 11 article article NOUN fcis-32490 130 12 118125 118125 NUM fcis-32490 130 13 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 131 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2025.118125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2025.118125 PROPN fcis-32490 131 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 132 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 132 2 6 6 NUM fcis-32490 132 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 132 4 subramanian subramanian PROPN fcis-32490 132 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 6 s. s. PROPN fcis-32490 132 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 8 kirby kirby PROPN fcis-32490 132 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 10 r. r. PROPN fcis-32490 132 11 m. m. PROPN fcis-32490 132 12 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 13 mahoney mahoney PROPN fcis-32490 132 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 15 m. m. PROPN fcis-32490 132 16 w. w. PROPN fcis-32490 132 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 18 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 132 19 gholami gholami PROPN fcis-32490 132 20 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 132 21 a. a. NOUN fcis-32490 132 22 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 132 23 2022 2022 NUM fcis-32490 132 24 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 132 25 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 133 1 adaptive adaptive ADJ fcis-32490 133 2 self self NOUN fcis-32490 133 3 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 133 4 supervision supervision NOUN fcis-32490 133 5 algorithms algorithm NOUN fcis-32490 133 6 for for ADP fcis-32490 133 7 physicsinformed physicsinforme VERB fcis-32490 133 8 neural neural ADJ fcis-32490 133 9 networks network NOUN fcis-32490 133 10 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 134 1 arxiv arxiv PROPN fcis-32490 134 2 preprint preprint VERB fcis-32490 134 3 arxiv:2207.04084 arxiv:2207.04084 NOUN fcis-32490 134 4 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 135 1 https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04084 https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04084 NOUN fcis-32490 135 2 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 136 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 136 2 7 7 NUM fcis-32490 136 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 136 4 fukushima fukushima PROPN fcis-32490 136 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 6 r. r. PROPN fcis-32490 136 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 8 kano kano PROPN fcis-32490 136 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 10 m. m. NOUN fcis-32490 136 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 12 hirahara hirahara PROPN fcis-32490 136 13 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 14 k. k. PROPN fcis-32490 136 15 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 16 ohtani ohtani PROPN fcis-32490 136 17 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 18 m. m. NOUN fcis-32490 136 19 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 20 i i PRON fcis-32490 136 21 m m PROPN fcis-32490 136 22 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 23 k. k. PROPN fcis-32490 136 24 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 25 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 136 26 avouac avouac PROPN fcis-32490 136 27 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 136 28 j.-p j.-p PROPN fcis-32490 136 29 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 137 1 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 137 2 2025 2025 NUM fcis-32490 137 3 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 137 4 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 138 1 physics physics NOUN fcis-32490 138 2 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 138 3 informed inform VERB fcis-32490 138 4 deep deep ADJ fcis-32490 138 5 learning learning NOUN fcis-32490 138 6 for for ADP fcis-32490 138 7 estimating estimate VERB fcis-32490 138 8 the the DET fcis-32490 138 9 spatial spatial ADJ fcis-32490 138 10 distribution distribution NOUN fcis-32490 138 11 of of ADP fcis-32490 138 12 frictional frictional ADJ fcis-32490 138 13 parameters parameter NOUN fcis-32490 138 14 in in ADP fcis-32490 138 15 slow slow ADJ fcis-32490 138 16 slip slip NOUN fcis-32490 138 17 regions region NOUN fcis-32490 138 18 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 139 1 journal journal NOUN fcis-32490 139 2 of of ADP fcis-32490 139 3 geophysical geophysical ADJ fcis-32490 139 4 research research NOUN fcis-32490 139 5 : : PUNCT fcis-32490 139 6 solid solid ADJ fcis-32490 139 7 earth earth NOUN fcis-32490 139 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 139 9 130(5 130(5 NUM fcis-32490 139 10 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 139 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 139 12 e2024jb030256 e2024jb030256 PROPN fcis-32490 139 13 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 139 14 https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/ PROPN fcis-32490 139 15 10.1029/ 10.1029/ PROPN fcis-32490 139 16 2024jb030 2024jb030 NUM fcis-32490 139 17 256 256 NUM fcis-32490 139 18 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 140 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 140 2 8 8 NUM fcis-32490 140 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 140 4 lin lin PROPN fcis-32490 140 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 140 6 l.-c l.-c PROPN fcis-32490 140 7 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 141 1 j. j. PROPN fcis-32490 141 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 141 3 chuang chuang PROPN fcis-32490 141 4 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 141 5 r. r. PROPN fcis-32490 141 6 y. y. PROPN fcis-32490 141 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 141 8 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 141 9 nishimura nishimura PROPN fcis-32490 141 10 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 141 11 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 141 12 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 141 13 2025 2025 NUM fcis-32490 141 14 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 141 15 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 142 1 exploring explore VERB fcis-32490 142 2 coulomb coulomb NOUN fcis-32490 142 3 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 142 4 changes change NOUN fcis-32490 142 5 on on ADP fcis-32490 142 6 active active ADJ fcis-32490 142 7 structures structure NOUN fcis-32490 142 8 in in ADP fcis-32490 142 9 taiwan taiwan PROPN fcis-32490 142 10 inferred infer VERB fcis-32490 142 11 from from ADP fcis-32490 142 12 decadal decadal NOUN fcis-32490 142 13 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 142 14 observations observation NOUN fcis-32490 142 15 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 143 1 earth earth NOUN fcis-32490 143 2 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 143 3 planets planet NOUN fcis-32490 143 4 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 143 5 space space NOUN fcis-32490 143 6 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 143 7 77 77 NUM fcis-32490 143 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 143 9 article article NOUN fcis-32490 143 10 88 88 NUM fcis-32490 143 11 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 144 1 https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/ PROPN fcis-32490 144 2 10.1186/ 10.1186/ NUM fcis-32490 144 3 s40623 s40623 PROPN fcis-32490 144 4 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 144 5 025 025 NUM fcis-32490 144 6 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 144 7 02095 02095 NUM fcis-32490 144 8 - - SYM fcis-32490 144 9 7 7 NUM fcis-32490 144 10 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 145 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 145 2 9 9 NUM fcis-32490 145 3 ] ] SYM fcis-32490 145 4 das das PROPN fcis-32490 145 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 145 6 r. r. PROPN fcis-32490 145 7 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 145 8 meneses menese NOUN fcis-32490 145 9 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 145 10 c. c. PROPN fcis-32490 145 11 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 145 12 & & CCONJ fcis-32490 145 13 wang wang PROPN fcis-32490 145 14 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 145 15 h. h. PROPN fcis-32490 145 16 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 145 17 2025 2025 NUM fcis-32490 145 18 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 145 19 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 146 1 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 146 2 and and CCONJ fcis-32490 146 3 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 146 4 strain strain NOUN fcis-32490 146 5 - - PUNCT fcis-32490 146 6 based base VERB fcis-32490 146 7 probabilistic probabilistic ADJ fcis-32490 146 8 seismic seismic ADJ fcis-32490 146 9 hazard hazard NOUN fcis-32490 146 10 evaluation evaluation NOUN fcis-32490 146 11 for for ADP fcis-32490 146 12 northern northern ADJ fcis-32490 146 13 chile chile PROPN fcis-32490 146 14 using use VERB fcis-32490 146 15 das das PROPN fcis-32490 146 16 magnitude magnitude NOUN fcis-32490 146 17 scale scale NOUN fcis-32490 146 18 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 147 1 geoenvironmental geoenvironmental ADJ fcis-32490 147 2 disasters disaster NOUN fcis-32490 147 3 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 147 4 12 12 NUM fcis-32490 147 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 147 6 article article NOUN fcis-32490 147 7 1 1 NUM fcis-32490 147 8 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 147 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-02400261-2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-02400261-2 PROPN fcis-32490 147 10 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 148 1 [ [ X fcis-32490 148 2 10 10 NUM fcis-32490 148 3 ] ] X fcis-32490 148 4 nishimura nishimura PROPN fcis-32490 148 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 148 6 t. t. PROPN fcis-32490 148 7 ( ( PUNCT fcis-32490 148 8 2018 2018 NUM fcis-32490 148 9 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 148 10 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 149 1 a a DET fcis-32490 149 2 trial trial NOUN fcis-32490 149 3 application application NOUN fcis-32490 149 4 of of ADP fcis-32490 149 5 geodetic geodetic ADJ fcis-32490 149 6 data datum NOUN fcis-32490 149 7 for for ADP fcis-32490 149 8 inland inland ADJ fcis-32490 149 9 fault fault NOUN fcis-32490 149 10 assessment assessment NOUN fcis-32490 149 11 — — PUNCT fcis-32490 149 12 coulomb coulomb NOUN fcis-32490 149 13 stress stress NOUN fcis-32490 149 14 changes change NOUN fcis-32490 149 15 estimated estimate VERB fcis-32490 149 16 from from ADP fcis-32490 149 17 gnss gnss NOUN fcis-32490 149 18 surface surface NOUN fcis-32490 149 19 displacements displacement NOUN fcis-32490 149 20 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 150 1 journal journal NOUN fcis-32490 150 2 of of ADP fcis-32490 150 3 disaster disaster NOUN fcis-32490 150 4 research research NOUN fcis-32490 150 5 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 150 6 13(3 13(3 NUM fcis-32490 150 7 ) ) PUNCT fcis-32490 150 8 , , PUNCT fcis-32490 150 9 489–495 489–495 NUM fcis-32490 150 10 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 151 1 https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/ PROPN fcis-32490 151 2 10.20965/ 10.20965/ NUM fcis-32490 151 3 jdr jdr PROPN fcis-32490 151 4 . . PROPN fcis-32490 151 5 2018 2018 NUM fcis-32490 151 6 . . PUNCT fcis-32490 152 1 p0489 p0489 NOUN fcis-32490 152 2 . . PUNCT