id sid tid token lemma pos flr-177 1 1 microsoft microsoft PROPN flr-177 1 2 word word PROPN flr-177 1 3 andres andre VERB flr-177 1 4 et et PROPN flr-177 1 5 al_publication.docx al_publication.docx VERB flr-177 1 6                 SPACE flr-177 1 7 frontline frontline NOUN flr-177 1 8 learning learn VERB flr-177 1 9 research research NOUN flr-177 1 10 vol.3 vol.3 NOUN flr-177 1 11 no no INTJ flr-177 1 12 . . NOUN flr-177 1 13 3 3 NUM flr-177 1 14 special special ADJ flr-177 1 15 issue issue NOUN flr-177 1 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 1 17 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 1 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 1 19 5 5 NUM flr-177 1 20 22 22 NUM flr-177 1 21 issn issn PROPN flr-177 1 22 2295 2295 NUM flr-177 1 23 - - SYM flr-177 1 24 3159 3159 NUM flr-177 1 25 1 1 NUM flr-177 1 26 corresponding correspond VERB flr-177 1 27 author author NOUN flr-177 1 28 : : PUNCT flr-177 1 29 lesley lesley PROPN flr-177 1 30 andres andres PROPN flr-177 1 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 32 2125 2125 NUM flr-177 1 33 main main ADJ flr-177 1 34 mall mall NOUN flr-177 1 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 36 university university NOUN flr-177 1 37 of of ADP flr-177 1 38 british british PROPN flr-177 1 39 columbia columbia PROPN flr-177 1 40 | | PROPN flr-177 1 41 vancouver vancouver PROPN flr-177 1 42 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 43 bc bc PROPN flr-177 1 44 v6 v6 PROPN flr-177 1 45 t t PROPN flr-177 1 46 1z4 1z4 NUM flr-177 1 47 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 48 phone phone NOUN flr-177 1 49 +1 +1 NOUN flr-177 1 50 604 604 NUM flr-177 1 51 822 822 NUM flr-177 1 52 8943 8943 NUM flr-177 1 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 54 fax fax NOUN flr-177 1 55 +1 +1 PROPN flr-177 1 56 604 604 NUM flr-177 1 57 822 822 NUM flr-177 1 58 4244 4244 NUM flr-177 1 59 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 60 email email NOUN flr-177 1 61 lesley.andres@ubc.ca lesley.andres@ubc.ca NOUN flr-177 1 62 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 63 doi doi NOUN flr-177 1 64 : : PUNCT flr-177 1 65 http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v3i3.177 http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v3i3.177 PART flr-177 1 66     SPACE flr-177 1 67 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 1 68 and and CCONJ flr-177 1 69 interpretations interpretation NOUN flr-177 1 70 of of ADP flr-177 1 71 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 1 72 education education NOUN flr-177 1 73 today today NOUN flr-177 1 74 : : PUNCT flr-177 1 75 national national ADJ flr-177 1 76 comparisons comparison NOUN flr-177 1 77 lesley lesley PROPN flr-177 1 78 andresa1 andresa1 PROPN flr-177 1 79 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 80 søren søren PROPN flr-177 1 81 s. s. PROPN flr-177 1 82 e. e. PROPN flr-177 1 83 bengtsenb bengtsenb PROPN flr-177 1 84 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 85 liliana liliana PROPN flr-177 1 86 del del PROPN flr-177 1 87 pilar pilar PROPN flr-177 1 88 gallego gallego PROPN flr-177 1 89 castañoc castañoc PROPN flr-177 1 90 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 91 barbara barbara PROPN flr-177 1 92 crossouardd crossouardd PROPN flr-177 1 93 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 94 jeffrey jeffrey PROPN flr-177 1 95 m. m. PROPN flr-177 1 96 keefere keefere PROPN flr-177 1 97 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 98 kirsi kirsi PROPN flr-177 1 99 pyhältöf pyhältöf NOUN flr-177 1 100 a a DET flr-177 1 101 university university NOUN flr-177 1 102 of of ADP flr-177 1 103 british british PROPN flr-177 1 104 columbia columbia PROPN flr-177 1 105 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 106 canada canada PROPN flr-177 1 107 b b PROPN flr-177 1 108 aarhus aarhus PROPN flr-177 1 109 university university PROPN flr-177 1 110 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 111 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 1 112 c c PROPN flr-177 1 113 university university PROPN flr-177 1 114 of of ADP flr-177 1 115 caldas caldas PROPN flr-177 1 116 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 117 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 1 118 d d PROPN flr-177 1 119 university university PROPN flr-177 1 120 of of ADP flr-177 1 121 sussex sussex PROPN flr-177 1 122 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 123 uk uk PROPN flr-177 1 124 e e PROPN flr-177 1 125 new new PROPN flr-177 1 126 york york PROPN flr-177 1 127 university university PROPN flr-177 1 128 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 129 usa usa PROPN flr-177 1 130 f f PROPN flr-177 1 131 university university PROPN flr-177 1 132 of of ADP flr-177 1 133 oulu oulu PROPN flr-177 1 134 and and CCONJ flr-177 1 135 university university PROPN flr-177 1 136 of of ADP flr-177 1 137 helsinki helsinki PROPN flr-177 1 138 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 139 finland finland PROPN flr-177 1 140 article article NOUN flr-177 1 141 received receive VERB flr-177 1 142 17 17 NUM flr-177 1 143 may may PROPN flr-177 1 144 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 1 145 / / SYM flr-177 1 146 revised revise VERB flr-177 1 147 17 17 NUM flr-177 1 148 may may PROPN flr-177 1 149 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 1 150 / / SYM flr-177 1 151 accepted accept VERB flr-177 1 152 16 16 NUM flr-177 1 153 june june PROPN flr-177 1 154 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 1 155 / / SYM flr-177 1 156 available available ADJ flr-177 1 157 online online ADJ flr-177 1 158 14 14 NUM flr-177 1 159 august august PROPN flr-177 1 160 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 1 161 abstract abstract NOUN flr-177 1 162 in in ADP flr-177 1 163 the the DET flr-177 1 164 last last ADJ flr-177 1 165 decade decade NOUN flr-177 1 166 , , PUNCT flr-177 1 167 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 1 168 education education NOUN flr-177 1 169 has have AUX flr-177 1 170 undergone undergo VERB flr-177 1 171 a a DET flr-177 1 172 sea sea NOUN flr-177 1 173 change change NOUN flr-177 1 174 with with ADP flr-177 1 175 several several ADJ flr-177 1 176 global global ADJ flr-177 1 177 trends trend NOUN flr-177 1 178 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 1 179 apparent apparent ADJ flr-177 1 180 . . PUNCT flr-177 2 1 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 2 2 of of ADP flr-177 2 3 change change NOUN flr-177 2 4 include include VERB flr-177 2 5 massification massification NOUN flr-177 2 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 2 7 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 2 8 of of ADP flr-177 2 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 2 10 education education NOUN flr-177 2 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 2 12 the the DET flr-177 2 13 introduction introduction NOUN flr-177 2 14 of of ADP flr-177 2 15 quality quality NOUN flr-177 2 16 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 2 17 systems system NOUN flr-177 2 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 3 1 the the DET flr-177 3 2 impact impact NOUN flr-177 3 3 of of ADP flr-177 3 4 these these DET flr-177 3 5 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 3 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 3 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 3 8 the the DET flr-177 3 9 forms form NOUN flr-177 3 10 that that PRON flr-177 3 11 they they PRON flr-177 3 12 take take VERB flr-177 3 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 3 14 however however ADV flr-177 3 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 3 16 are be AUX flr-177 3 17 dependent dependent ADJ flr-177 3 18 on on ADP flr-177 3 19 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 3 20 education education NOUN flr-177 3 21 within within ADP flr-177 3 22 a a DET flr-177 3 23 given give VERB flr-177 3 24 national national ADJ flr-177 3 25 context context NOUN flr-177 3 26 . . PUNCT flr-177 4 1 this this DET flr-177 4 2 paper paper NOUN flr-177 4 3 is be AUX flr-177 4 4 frontline frontline NOUN flr-177 4 5 in in SCONJ flr-177 4 6 that that SCONJ flr-177 4 7 it it PRON flr-177 4 8 contributes contribute VERB flr-177 4 9 to to ADP flr-177 4 10 the the DET flr-177 4 11 literature literature NOUN flr-177 4 12 on on ADP flr-177 4 13 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 4 14 education education NOUN flr-177 4 15 by by ADP flr-177 4 16 examining examine VERB flr-177 4 17 the the DET flr-177 4 18 ways way NOUN flr-177 4 19 in in ADP flr-177 4 20 which which PRON flr-177 4 21 these these DET flr-177 4 22 global global ADJ flr-177 4 23 trends trend NOUN flr-177 4 24 and and CCONJ flr-177 4 25 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 4 26 are be AUX flr-177 4 27 being be AUX flr-177 4 28 taken take VERB flr-177 4 29 up up ADP flr-177 4 30 in in ADP flr-177 4 31 policies policy NOUN flr-177 4 32 and and CCONJ flr-177 4 33 practices practice NOUN flr-177 4 34 by by ADP flr-177 4 35 various various ADJ flr-177 4 36 countries country NOUN flr-177 4 37 . . PUNCT flr-177 5 1 we we PRON flr-177 5 2 do do VERB flr-177 5 3 so so ADV flr-177 5 4 by by ADP flr-177 5 5 comparing compare VERB flr-177 5 6 recent recent ADJ flr-177 5 7 changes change NOUN flr-177 5 8 in in ADP flr-177 5 9 each each PRON flr-177 5 10 of of ADP flr-177 5 11 the the DET flr-177 5 12 following follow VERB flr-177 5 13 countries country NOUN flr-177 5 14 : : PUNCT flr-177 5 15 canada canada PROPN flr-177 5 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 5 17 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 5 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 5 19 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 5 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 5 21 finland finland PROPN flr-177 5 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 5 23 the the DET flr-177 5 24 uk uk PROPN flr-177 5 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 5 26 and and CCONJ flr-177 5 27 the the DET flr-177 5 28 usa usa PROPN flr-177 5 29 . . PROPN flr-177 6 1 each each DET flr-177 6 2 country country NOUN flr-177 6 3 case case NOUN flr-177 6 4 is be AUX flr-177 6 5 based base VERB flr-177 6 6 on on ADP flr-177 6 7 national national ADJ flr-177 6 8 education education NOUN flr-177 6 9 policies policy NOUN flr-177 6 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 6 11 policy policy NOUN flr-177 6 12 reports report NOUN flr-177 6 13 on on ADP flr-177 6 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 6 15 education education NOUN flr-177 6 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 6 17 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 6 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 6 19 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 6 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 6 21 eu eu PROPN flr-177 6 22 policy policy NOUN flr-177 6 23 texts text NOUN flr-177 6 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 6 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 6 26 and and CCONJ flr-177 6 27 related related ADJ flr-177 6 28 materials material NOUN flr-177 6 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 7 1 we we PRON flr-177 7 2 use use VERB flr-177 7 3 the the DET flr-177 7 4 same same ADJ flr-177 7 5 global global ADJ flr-177 7 6 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 7 7 to to PART flr-177 7 8 examine examine VERB flr-177 7 9 educational educational ADJ flr-177 7 10 policies policy NOUN flr-177 7 11 of of ADP flr-177 7 12 each each DET flr-177 7 13 country country NOUN flr-177 7 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 8 1 however however ADV flr-177 8 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 8 3 depending depend VERB flr-177 8 4 each each DET flr-177 8 5 national national ADJ flr-177 8 6 context context NOUN flr-177 8 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 8 8 these these DET flr-177 8 9 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 8 10 are be AUX flr-177 8 11 framed frame VERB flr-177 8 12 in in ADP flr-177 8 13 considerably considerably ADV flr-177 8 14 different different ADJ flr-177 8 15 ways way NOUN flr-177 8 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 9 1 this this PRON flr-177 9 2 raises raise VERB flr-177 9 3 questions question NOUN flr-177 9 4 about about ADP flr-177 9 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 9 6 1 1 X flr-177 9 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 9 8 their their PRON flr-177 9 9 comparability comparability NOUN flr-177 9 10 at at ADP flr-177 9 11 a a DET flr-177 9 12 global global ADJ flr-177 9 13 level level NOUN flr-177 9 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 9 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 9 16 2 2 X flr-177 9 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 9 18 the the DET flr-177 9 19 universality universality NOUN flr-177 9 20 of of ADP flr-177 9 21 the the DET flr-177 9 22 phd phd NOUN flr-177 9 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 10 1 also also ADV flr-177 10 2 we we PRON flr-177 10 3 find find VERB flr-177 10 4 that that SCONJ flr-177 10 5 this this DET flr-177 10 6 global global ADJ flr-177 10 7 - - PUNCT flr-177 10 8 local local ADJ flr-177 10 9 nexus nexus NOUN flr-177 10 10 reveals reveal VERB flr-177 10 11 unresolved unresolved ADJ flr-177 10 12 tensions tension NOUN flr-177 10 13 within within ADP flr-177 10 14 the the DET flr-177 10 15 national national ADJ flr-177 10 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 10 17 educational educational ADJ flr-177 10 18 frameworks framework NOUN flr-177 10 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 11 1 keywords keyword NOUN flr-177 11 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 11 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 11 4 education education NOUN flr-177 11 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 11 6 higher high ADJ flr-177 11 7 education education NOUN flr-177 11 8 policy policy NOUN flr-177 11 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 11 10 massification massification NOUN flr-177 11 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 11 12 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 11 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 11 14 quality quality NOUN flr-177 11 15 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 11 16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         SPACE flr-177 11 17 andres andre VERB flr-177 11 18 et et PROPN flr-177 11 19 al al PROPN flr-177 11 20     SPACE flr-177 12 1 | | ADV flr-177 12 2 f f NOUN flr-177 12 3 l l NOUN flr-177 12 4 r r NOUN flr-177 12 5             SPACE flr-177 12 6 6 6 NUM flr-177 12 7     SPACE flr-177 12 8 1 1 NUM flr-177 12 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 13 1 introduction introduction NOUN flr-177 13 2 globally globally ADV flr-177 13 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 13 4 research research NOUN flr-177 13 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 13 6 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 13 7 are be AUX flr-177 13 8 viewed view VERB flr-177 13 9 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 13 10 as as ADP flr-177 13 11 critical critical ADJ flr-177 13 12 to to ADP flr-177 13 13 social social ADJ flr-177 13 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 13 15 economic economic ADJ flr-177 13 16 competitiveness competitiveness NOUN flr-177 13 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 13 18 societal societal ADJ flr-177 13 19 health health NOUN flr-177 13 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 13 21 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 13 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 13 23 uk uk PROPN flr-177 13 24 council council PROPN flr-177 13 25 for for ADP flr-177 13 26 science science NOUN flr-177 13 27 and and CCONJ flr-177 13 28 technology technology NOUN flr-177 13 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 13 30 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 13 31 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 13 32 european european PROPN flr-177 13 33 commission commission PROPN flr-177 13 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 13 35 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 13 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 13 37 . . PUNCT flr-177 14 1 it it PRON flr-177 14 2 follows follow VERB flr-177 14 3 that that SCONJ flr-177 14 4 over over ADP flr-177 14 5 the the DET flr-177 14 6 past past ADJ flr-177 14 7 quarter quarter NOUN flr-177 14 8 of of ADP flr-177 14 9 a a DET flr-177 14 10 century century NOUN flr-177 14 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 14 12 the the DET flr-177 14 13 education education NOUN flr-177 14 14 of of ADP flr-177 14 15 future future ADJ flr-177 14 16 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 14 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 14 18 principally principally ADV flr-177 14 19 through through ADP flr-177 14 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 14 21 education education NOUN flr-177 14 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 14 23 has have AUX flr-177 14 24 become become AUX flr-177 14 25 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 14 26 valued value VERB flr-177 14 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 15 1 as as ADP flr-177 15 2 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 15 3 education education NOUN flr-177 15 4 shifts shift NOUN flr-177 15 5 from from ADP flr-177 15 6 the the DET flr-177 15 7 periphery periphery NOUN flr-177 15 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 15 9 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 15 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 15 11 available available ADJ flr-177 15 12 to to ADP flr-177 15 13 a a DET flr-177 15 14 small small ADJ flr-177 15 15 elite elite NOUN flr-177 15 16 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 15 17 to to ADP flr-177 15 18 a a DET flr-177 15 19 more more ADV flr-177 15 20 mainstream mainstream ADJ flr-177 15 21 trajectory trajectory NOUN flr-177 15 22 of of ADP flr-177 15 23 the the DET flr-177 15 24 total total ADJ flr-177 15 25 educational educational ADJ flr-177 15 26 experience experience NOUN flr-177 15 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 15 28 it it PRON flr-177 15 29 is be AUX flr-177 15 30 undergoing undergo VERB flr-177 15 31 a a DET flr-177 15 32 sea sea NOUN flr-177 15 33 change change NOUN flr-177 15 34 . . PUNCT flr-177 16 1 several several ADJ flr-177 16 2 global global ADJ flr-177 16 3 trends trend NOUN flr-177 16 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 16 5 related related ADJ flr-177 16 6 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 16 7 of of ADP flr-177 16 8 such such ADJ flr-177 16 9 changes change NOUN flr-177 16 10 can can AUX flr-177 16 11 be be AUX flr-177 16 12 identified identify VERB flr-177 16 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 17 1 the the DET flr-177 17 2 forms form NOUN flr-177 17 3 that that PRON flr-177 17 4 the the DET flr-177 17 5 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 17 6 take take VERB flr-177 17 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 17 8 however however ADV flr-177 17 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 17 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 17 11 their their PRON flr-177 17 12 impacts impact NOUN flr-177 17 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 17 14 are be AUX flr-177 17 15 dependent dependent ADJ flr-177 17 16 on on ADP flr-177 17 17 the the DET flr-177 17 18 specific specific ADJ flr-177 17 19 contexts contexts NOUN flr-177 17 20 of of ADP flr-177 17 21 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 17 22 education education NOUN flr-177 17 23 in in ADP flr-177 17 24 a a DET flr-177 17 25 given give VERB flr-177 17 26 national national ADJ flr-177 17 27 context context NOUN flr-177 17 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 18 1 our our PRON flr-177 18 2 paper paper NOUN flr-177 18 3 contributes contribute VERB flr-177 18 4 to to ADP flr-177 18 5 the the DET flr-177 18 6 literature literature NOUN flr-177 18 7 on on ADP flr-177 18 8 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 18 9 education education NOUN flr-177 18 10 by by ADP flr-177 18 11 examining examine VERB flr-177 18 12 the the DET flr-177 18 13 ways way NOUN flr-177 18 14 in in ADP flr-177 18 15 which which PRON flr-177 18 16 these these DET flr-177 18 17 global global ADJ flr-177 18 18 trends trend NOUN flr-177 18 19 and and CCONJ flr-177 18 20 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 18 21 are be AUX flr-177 18 22 being be AUX flr-177 18 23 taken take VERB flr-177 18 24 up up ADP flr-177 18 25 in in ADP flr-177 18 26 policies policy NOUN flr-177 18 27 and and CCONJ flr-177 18 28 practices practice NOUN flr-177 18 29 by by ADP flr-177 18 30 various various ADJ flr-177 18 31 countries country NOUN flr-177 18 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 19 1 depending depend VERB flr-177 19 2 on on ADP flr-177 19 3 priorities priority NOUN flr-177 19 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 19 5 path path NOUN flr-177 19 6 dependencies dependency NOUN flr-177 19 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 19 8 and and CCONJ flr-177 19 9 openness openness NOUN flr-177 19 10 to to PART flr-177 19 11 change change VERB flr-177 19 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 19 13 global global ADJ flr-177 19 14 trends trend NOUN flr-177 19 15 play play VERB flr-177 19 16 out out ADP flr-177 19 17 in in ADP flr-177 19 18 different different ADJ flr-177 19 19 ways way NOUN flr-177 19 20 in in ADP flr-177 19 21 given give VERB flr-177 19 22 countries country NOUN flr-177 19 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 20 1 however however ADV flr-177 20 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 20 3 countries country NOUN flr-177 20 4 are be AUX flr-177 20 5 also also ADV flr-177 20 6 influenced influence VERB flr-177 20 7 by by ADP flr-177 20 8 wider wide ADJ flr-177 20 9 historical historical ADJ flr-177 20 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 20 11 economic economic ADJ flr-177 20 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 20 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 20 14 cultural cultural ADJ flr-177 20 15 geopositioning geopositioning NOUN flr-177 20 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 21 1 in in ADP flr-177 21 2 this this DET flr-177 21 3 paper paper NOUN flr-177 21 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 21 5 we we PRON flr-177 21 6 highlight highlight VERB flr-177 21 7 how how SCONJ flr-177 21 8 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 21 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 21 10 trends trend NOUN flr-177 21 11 have have AUX flr-177 21 12 manifested manifest VERB flr-177 21 13 themselves themselves PRON flr-177 21 14 in in ADP flr-177 21 15 individual individual ADJ flr-177 21 16 countries country NOUN flr-177 21 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 22 1 in in ADP flr-177 22 2 a a DET flr-177 22 3 six six NUM flr-177 22 4 country country NOUN flr-177 22 5 comparative comparative ADJ flr-177 22 6 case case NOUN flr-177 22 7 study study NOUN flr-177 22 8 – – PUNCT flr-177 22 9 approach approach NOUN flr-177 22 10 canada canada PROPN flr-177 22 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 22 12 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 22 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 22 14 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 22 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 22 16 finland finland PROPN flr-177 22 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 22 18 the the DET flr-177 22 19 uk uk PROPN flr-177 22 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 22 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 22 22 the the DET flr-177 22 23 usa usa PROPN flr-177 22 24 – – PUNCT flr-177 22 25 we we PRON flr-177 22 26 address address VERB flr-177 22 27 the the DET flr-177 22 28 following follow VERB flr-177 22 29 question question NOUN flr-177 22 30 : : PUNCT flr-177 22 31 what what PRON flr-177 22 32 recent recent ADJ flr-177 22 33 changes change NOUN flr-177 22 34 related relate VERB flr-177 22 35 to to ADP flr-177 22 36 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 22 37 education education NOUN flr-177 22 38 in in ADP flr-177 22 39 relation relation NOUN flr-177 22 40 to to ADP flr-177 22 41 the the DET flr-177 22 42 three three NUM flr-177 22 43 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 22 44 and and CCONJ flr-177 22 45 trends trend NOUN flr-177 22 46 identified identify VERB flr-177 22 47 above above ADV flr-177 22 48 can can AUX flr-177 22 49 be be AUX flr-177 22 50 identified identify VERB flr-177 22 51 in in ADP flr-177 22 52 each each DET flr-177 22 53 country country NOUN flr-177 22 54 ? ? PUNCT flr-177 23 1 to to PART flr-177 23 2 address address VERB flr-177 23 3 this this DET flr-177 23 4 question question NOUN flr-177 23 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 23 6 document document NOUN flr-177 23 7 based base VERB flr-177 23 8 cases case NOUN flr-177 23 9 of of ADP flr-177 23 10 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 23 11 education education NOUN flr-177 23 12 in in ADP flr-177 23 13 each each DET flr-177 23 14 country country NOUN flr-177 23 15 are be AUX flr-177 23 16 presented present VERB flr-177 23 17 below below ADV flr-177 23 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 24 1 particular particular ADJ flr-177 24 2 attention attention NOUN flr-177 24 3 has have AUX flr-177 24 4 been be AUX flr-177 24 5 paid pay VERB flr-177 24 6 to to ADP flr-177 24 7 the the DET flr-177 24 8 identification identification NOUN flr-177 24 9 of of ADP flr-177 24 10 the the DET flr-177 24 11 most most ADV flr-177 24 12 recent recent ADJ flr-177 24 13 policy policy NOUN flr-177 24 14 changes change NOUN flr-177 24 15 in in ADP flr-177 24 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 24 17 education education NOUN flr-177 24 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 24 19 the the DET flr-177 24 20 ways way NOUN flr-177 24 21 in in ADP flr-177 24 22 which which PRON flr-177 24 23 the the DET flr-177 24 24 changes change NOUN flr-177 24 25 are be AUX flr-177 24 26 taken take VERB flr-177 24 27 up up ADP flr-177 24 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 25 1 drawing draw VERB flr-177 25 2 on on ADP flr-177 25 3 our our PRON flr-177 25 4 analysis analysis NOUN flr-177 25 5 of of ADP flr-177 25 6 each each DET flr-177 25 7 context context NOUN flr-177 25 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 25 9 we we PRON flr-177 25 10 conclude conclude VERB flr-177 25 11 by by ADP flr-177 25 12 proposing propose VERB flr-177 25 13 future future ADJ flr-177 25 14 research research NOUN flr-177 25 15 agendas agenda NOUN flr-177 25 16 for for ADP flr-177 25 17 examining examine VERB flr-177 25 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 25 19 education education NOUN flr-177 25 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 26 1 the the DET flr-177 26 2 case case NOUN flr-177 26 3 countries country NOUN flr-177 26 4 were be AUX flr-177 26 5 selected select VERB flr-177 26 6 because because SCONJ flr-177 26 7 they they PRON flr-177 26 8 present present VERB flr-177 26 9 different different ADJ flr-177 26 10 cultural cultural ADJ flr-177 26 11 geopositionings geopositioning NOUN flr-177 26 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 26 13 traditions tradition NOUN flr-177 26 14 of of ADP flr-177 26 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 26 16 education education NOUN flr-177 26 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 26 18 ranging range VERB flr-177 26 19 from from ADP flr-177 26 20 the the DET flr-177 26 21 more more ADV flr-177 26 22 structured structured ADJ flr-177 26 23 and and CCONJ flr-177 26 24 course course NOUN flr-177 26 25 work work NOUN flr-177 26 26 based base VERB flr-177 26 27 model model NOUN flr-177 26 28 of of ADP flr-177 26 29 the the DET flr-177 26 30 usa usa PROPN flr-177 26 31 to to ADP flr-177 26 32 the the DET flr-177 26 33 less less ADV flr-177 26 34 structured structured ADJ flr-177 26 35 model model NOUN flr-177 26 36 in in ADP flr-177 26 37 nordic nordic ADJ flr-177 26 38 countries country NOUN flr-177 26 39 . . PUNCT flr-177 27 1 also also ADV flr-177 27 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 3 the the DET flr-177 27 4 cases case NOUN flr-177 27 5 present present VERB flr-177 27 6 variation variation NOUN flr-177 27 7 in in ADP flr-177 27 8 terms term NOUN flr-177 27 9 of of ADP flr-177 27 10 the the DET flr-177 27 11 extent extent NOUN flr-177 27 12 to to PART flr-177 27 13 which which PRON flr-177 27 14 the the DET flr-177 27 15 higher high ADJ flr-177 27 16 education education NOUN flr-177 27 17 system system NOUN flr-177 27 18 in in ADP flr-177 27 19 a a DET flr-177 27 20 given give VERB flr-177 27 21 country country NOUN flr-177 27 22 is be AUX flr-177 27 23 teaching teach VERB flr-177 27 24 - - PUNCT flr-177 27 25 oriented orient VERB flr-177 27 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 27 – – PUNCT flr-177 27 28 for for ADP flr-177 27 29 example example NOUN flr-177 27 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 31 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 27 32 as as ADP flr-177 27 33 a a DET flr-177 27 34 highly highly ADV flr-177 27 35 teaching teaching NOUN flr-177 27 36 - - PUNCT flr-177 27 37 oriented orient VERB flr-177 27 38 system system NOUN flr-177 27 39 and and CCONJ flr-177 27 40 finland finland NOUN flr-177 27 41 more more ADJ flr-177 27 42 research research NOUN flr-177 27 43 oriented orient VERB flr-177 27 44 – – PUNCT flr-177 27 45 their their PRON flr-177 27 46 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-177 27 47 on on ADP flr-177 27 48 performance performance NOUN flr-177 27 49 based base VERB flr-177 27 50 management management NOUN flr-177 27 51 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 27 52 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 27 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 54 the the DET flr-177 27 55 uk uk PROPN flr-177 27 56 and and CCONJ flr-177 27 57 usa usa PROPN flr-177 27 58 presenting present VERB flr-177 27 59 highly highly ADV flr-177 27 60 performance performance NOUN flr-177 27 61 - - PUNCT flr-177 27 62 based base VERB flr-177 27 63 systems system NOUN flr-177 27 64 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 65 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 27 66 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 67 finland finland PROPN flr-177 27 68 and and CCONJ flr-177 27 69 canada canada PROPN flr-177 27 70 being be AUX flr-177 27 71 at at ADP flr-177 27 72 the the DET flr-177 27 73 middle middle NOUN flr-177 27 74 and and CCONJ flr-177 27 75 colombia colombia NOUN flr-177 27 76 being be AUX flr-177 27 77 at at ADP flr-177 27 78 the the DET flr-177 27 79 other other ADJ flr-177 27 80 end end NOUN flr-177 27 81 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 27 82 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 83 and and CCONJ flr-177 27 84 whether whether SCONJ flr-177 27 85 a a DET flr-177 27 86 country country NOUN flr-177 27 87 ’s ’s PART flr-177 27 88 higher high ADJ flr-177 27 89 education education NOUN flr-177 27 90 system system NOUN flr-177 27 91 is be AUX flr-177 27 92 in in ADP flr-177 27 93 the the DET flr-177 27 94 process process NOUN flr-177 27 95 of of ADP flr-177 27 96 developing develop VERB flr-177 27 97 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 27 98 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 27 99 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 27 100 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 101 recently recently ADV flr-177 27 102 developed develop VERB flr-177 27 103 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 27 104 finland finland NOUN flr-177 27 105 and and CCONJ flr-177 27 106 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 27 107 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 27 108 or or CCONJ flr-177 27 109 well well ADV flr-177 27 110 developed develop VERB flr-177 27 111 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 27 112 canada canada PROPN flr-177 27 113 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 114 usa usa PROPN flr-177 27 115 & & CCONJ flr-177 27 116 uk uk PROPN flr-177 27 117 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 27 118 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 27 119 shin shin NOUN flr-177 27 120 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 121 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 27 122 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 27 123 shin shin PROPN flr-177 27 124 & & CCONJ flr-177 27 125 jung jung PROPN flr-177 27 126 , , PUNCT flr-177 27 127 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 27 128 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 27 129 . . PUNCT flr-177 28 1 first first ADV flr-177 28 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 28 3 we we PRON flr-177 28 4 begin begin VERB flr-177 28 5 with with ADP flr-177 28 6 an an DET flr-177 28 7 overview overview NOUN flr-177 28 8 of of ADP flr-177 28 9 the the DET flr-177 28 10 key key ADJ flr-177 28 11 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 28 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 28 13 followed follow VERB flr-177 28 14 by by ADP flr-177 28 15 country country NOUN flr-177 28 16 specific specific ADJ flr-177 28 17 descriptions description NOUN flr-177 28 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 29 1 2 2 X flr-177 29 2 . . X flr-177 29 3 global global ADJ flr-177 29 4 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 29 5 of of ADP flr-177 29 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 29 7 education education NOUN flr-177 29 8 core core NOUN flr-177 29 9 global global ADJ flr-177 29 10 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 29 11 affecting affect VERB flr-177 29 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 29 13 education education NOUN flr-177 29 14 have have AUX flr-177 29 15 been be AUX flr-177 29 16 identified identify VERB flr-177 29 17 in in ADP flr-177 29 18 the the DET flr-177 29 19 research research NOUN flr-177 29 20 literature literature NOUN flr-177 29 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 29 22 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 29 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 29 24 kehm kehm NOUN flr-177 29 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 29 26 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 29 27 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 29 28 and and CCONJ flr-177 29 29 in in ADP flr-177 29 30 various various ADJ flr-177 29 31 policy policy NOUN flr-177 29 32 reports report NOUN flr-177 29 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 29 34 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 29 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 29 36 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 29 37 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 29 38 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 29 39 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 29 40 department department NOUN flr-177 29 41 for for ADP flr-177 29 42 education education NOUN flr-177 29 43 and and CCONJ flr-177 29 44 skills skill NOUN flr-177 29 45 , , PUNCT flr-177 29 46 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 29 47 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 29 48 . . PUNCT flr-177 30 1 these these DET flr-177 30 2 trends trend NOUN flr-177 30 3 include include VERB flr-177 30 4 massification massification NOUN flr-177 30 5 of of ADP flr-177 30 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 30 7 education education NOUN flr-177 30 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 30 9 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 30 10 of of ADP flr-177 30 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 30 12 education education NOUN flr-177 30 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 30 14 careers career NOUN flr-177 30 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 30 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 30 17 the the DET flr-177 30 18 development development NOUN flr-177 30 19 of of ADP flr-177 30 20 various various ADJ flr-177 30 21 quality quality NOUN flr-177 30 22 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 30 23 systems system NOUN flr-177 30 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 31 1 1.1 1.1 NUM flr-177 31 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 31 3 massification massification NOUN flr-177 31 4 of of ADP flr-177 31 5 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 31 6 education education NOUN flr-177 31 7 worldwide worldwide ADV flr-177 31 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 31 9 the the DET flr-177 31 10 number number NOUN flr-177 31 11 of of ADP flr-177 31 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 31 13 students student NOUN flr-177 31 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 31 15 the the DET flr-177 31 16 number number NOUN flr-177 31 17 of of ADP flr-177 31 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 31 19 degree degree NOUN flr-177 31 20 holders holder NOUN flr-177 31 21 has have AUX flr-177 31 22 increased increase VERB flr-177 31 23 significantly significantly ADV flr-177 31 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 32 1 since since SCONJ flr-177 32 2 2000 2000 NUM flr-177 32 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 32 4 the the DET flr-177 32 5 proportion proportion NOUN flr-177 32 6 of of ADP flr-177 32 7 those those PRON flr-177 32 8 who who PRON flr-177 32 9 have have AUX flr-177 32 10 earned earn VERB flr-177 32 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 32 12 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 32 13 has have AUX flr-177 32 14 risen rise VERB flr-177 32 15 by by ADP flr-177 32 16 38 38 NUM flr-177 32 17 % % NOUN flr-177 32 18 from from ADP flr-177 32 19 154,000 154,000 NUM flr-177 32 20 new new ADJ flr-177 32 21 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 32 22 in in ADP flr-177 32 23 2000 2000 NUM flr-177 32 24 to to ADP flr-177 32 25 213,000 213,000 NUM flr-177 32 26 new new ADJ flr-177 32 27 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 32 28 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 32 29 in in ADP flr-177 32 30 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 32 31 in in ADP flr-177 32 32 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 32 33 countries country NOUN flr-177 32 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 32 35 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 32 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 32 37 misu misu PROPN flr-177 32 38 & & CCONJ flr-177 32 39 freeman freeman PROPN flr-177 32 40 , , PUNCT flr-177 32 41 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 32 42 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 32 43 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 32 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 32 45 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 32 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 32 47 . . PUNCT flr-177 33 1 on on ADP flr-177 33 2 average average ADJ flr-177 33 3 in in ADP flr-177 33 4 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 33 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 33 6 1.6 1.6 NUM flr-177 33 7 % % NOUN flr-177 33 8 of of ADP flr-177 33 9 young young ADJ flr-177 33 10 people people NOUN flr-177 33 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 33 12 compared compare VERB flr-177 33 13 to to ADP flr-177 33 14 1 1 NUM flr-177 33 15 % % NOUN flr-177 33 16 in in ADP flr-177 33 17 2000 2000 NUM flr-177 33 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 33 19 in in ADP flr-177 33 20 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 33 21 countries country NOUN flr-177 33 22 have have AUX flr-177 33 23 earned earn VERB flr-177 33 24 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 33 25 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 33 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 33 27 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 33 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 33 29 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 33 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 33 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 34 1 although although SCONJ flr-177 34 2 graduation graduation NOUN flr-177 34 3 rates rate NOUN flr-177 34 4 for for ADP flr-177 34 5 women woman NOUN flr-177 34 6 in in ADP flr-177 34 7 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 34 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 34 9 1.5 1.5 NUM flr-177 34 10 % % NOUN flr-177 34 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 34 12 at at ADP flr-177 34 13 the the DET flr-177 34 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 34 15 level level NOUN flr-177 34 16 are be AUX flr-177 34 17 still still ADV flr-177 34 18 somewhat somewhat ADV flr-177 34 19 lower low ADJ flr-177 34 20 than than ADP flr-177 34 21 those those PRON flr-177 34 22 of of ADP flr-177 34 23 men man NOUN flr-177 34 24 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 34 25 1.7 1.7 NUM flr-177 34 26 % % NOUN flr-177 34 27 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 34 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 34 29 in in ADP flr-177 34 30 several several ADJ flr-177 34 31 countries country NOUN flr-177 34 32 the the DET flr-177 34 33 expected expect VERB flr-177 34 34 proportion proportion NOUN flr-177 34 35 of of ADP flr-177 34 36 women woman NOUN flr-177 34 37 who who PRON flr-177 34 38 are be AUX flr-177 34 39 expected expect VERB flr-177 34 40 to to PART flr-177 34 41 graduate graduate VERB flr-177 34 42 is be AUX flr-177 34 43 larger large ADJ flr-177 34 44 based base VERB flr-177 34 45 on on ADP flr-177 34 46 increased increase VERB flr-177 34 47 number number NOUN flr-177 34 48 of of ADP flr-177 34 49 women woman NOUN flr-177 34 50 andres andres PROPN flr-177 34 51 et et PROPN flr-177 34 52 al al PROPN flr-177 34 53     SPACE flr-177 35 1 | | ADV flr-177 35 2 f f NOUN flr-177 35 3 l l NOUN flr-177 35 4 r r NOUN flr-177 35 5             SPACE flr-177 35 6 7 7 NUM flr-177 35 7     SPACE flr-177 35 8 currently currently ADV flr-177 35 9 undertaking undertake VERB flr-177 35 10 the the DET flr-177 35 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 35 12 studies study NOUN flr-177 35 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 35 14 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 35 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 35 16 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 35 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 35 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 36 1 massification massification NOUN flr-177 36 2 of of ADP flr-177 36 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 36 4 education education NOUN flr-177 36 5 has have AUX flr-177 36 6 also also ADV flr-177 36 7 increased increase VERB flr-177 36 8 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 36 9 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 36 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 37 1 in in ADP flr-177 37 2 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 37 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 37 4 worldwide worldwide ADV flr-177 37 5 about about ADV flr-177 37 6 3.6 3.6 NUM flr-177 37 7 million million NUM flr-177 37 8 students student NOUN flr-177 37 9 were be AUX flr-177 37 10 enrolled enrol VERB flr-177 37 11 as as ADP flr-177 37 12 international international ADJ flr-177 37 13 students student NOUN flr-177 37 14 in in ADP flr-177 37 15 tertiary tertiary ADJ flr-177 37 16 education education NOUN flr-177 37 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 37 18 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 37 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 37 20 misu misu PROPN flr-177 37 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 37 22 & & CCONJ flr-177 37 23 freeman freeman PROPN flr-177 37 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 37 25 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 37 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 37 27 and and CCONJ flr-177 37 28 it it PRON flr-177 37 29 is be AUX flr-177 37 30 assumed assume VERB flr-177 37 31 that that SCONJ flr-177 37 32 this this DET flr-177 37 33 number number NOUN flr-177 37 34 will will AUX flr-177 37 35 continue continue VERB flr-177 37 36 to to PART flr-177 37 37 grow grow VERB flr-177 37 38 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 37 39 moguerou moguerou PROPN flr-177 37 40 & & CCONJ flr-177 37 41 di di PROPN flr-177 37 42 pietrogiacomo pietrogiacomo PROPN flr-177 37 43 , , PUNCT flr-177 37 44 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 37 45 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 37 46 & & CCONJ flr-177 37 47 rizen rizen PROPN flr-177 37 48 & & CCONJ flr-177 37 49 marconi marconi PROPN flr-177 37 50 , , PUNCT flr-177 37 51 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 37 52 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 37 53 . . PUNCT flr-177 38 1 in in ADP flr-177 38 2 addition addition NOUN flr-177 38 3 to to ADP flr-177 38 4 a a DET flr-177 38 5 highly highly ADV flr-177 38 6 educated educate VERB flr-177 38 7 work work NOUN flr-177 38 8 force force NOUN flr-177 38 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 38 10 rapid rapid ADJ flr-177 38 11 increases increase NOUN flr-177 38 12 in in ADP flr-177 38 13 the the DET flr-177 38 14 number number NOUN flr-177 38 15 of of ADP flr-177 38 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 38 17 degree degree NOUN flr-177 38 18 holders holder NOUN flr-177 38 19 have have AUX flr-177 38 20 resulted result VERB flr-177 38 21 in in ADP flr-177 38 22 an an DET flr-177 38 23 unequal unequal ADJ flr-177 38 24 balance balance NOUN flr-177 38 25 across across ADP flr-177 38 26 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-177 38 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 39 1 for for ADP flr-177 39 2 instance instance NOUN flr-177 39 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 39 4 the the DET flr-177 39 5 number number NOUN flr-177 39 6 of of ADP flr-177 39 7 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 39 8 degree degree NOUN flr-177 39 9 holders holder NOUN flr-177 39 10 in in ADP flr-177 39 11 the the DET flr-177 39 12 majority majority NOUN flr-177 39 13 of of ADP flr-177 39 14 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 39 15 countries country NOUN flr-177 39 16 is be AUX flr-177 39 17 significantly significantly ADV flr-177 39 18 higher high ADJ flr-177 39 19 is be AUX flr-177 39 20 natural natural ADJ flr-177 39 21 sciences science NOUN flr-177 39 22 than than ADP flr-177 39 23 in in ADP flr-177 39 24 humanities humanity NOUN flr-177 39 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 39 26 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 39 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 39 28 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 39 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 39 30 . . PUNCT flr-177 40 1 also also ADV flr-177 40 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 40 3 there there PRON flr-177 40 4 is be VERB flr-177 40 5 considerable considerable ADJ flr-177 40 6 variation variation NOUN flr-177 40 7 in in ADP flr-177 40 8 gender gender NOUN flr-177 40 9 representation representation NOUN flr-177 40 10 of of ADP flr-177 40 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 40 12 degree degree NOUN flr-177 40 13 holders holder NOUN flr-177 40 14 across across ADP flr-177 40 15 countries country NOUN flr-177 40 16 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 40 17 as as ADP flr-177 40 18 such such ADJ flr-177 40 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 40 20 these these DET flr-177 40 21 figures figure NOUN flr-177 40 22 mask mask VERB flr-177 40 23 substantial substantial ADJ flr-177 40 24 differences difference NOUN flr-177 40 25 in in ADP flr-177 40 26 the the DET flr-177 40 27 gender gender NOUN flr-177 40 28 balance balance NOUN flr-177 40 29 across across ADP flr-177 40 30 different different ADJ flr-177 40 31 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-177 40 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 41 1 at at ADP flr-177 41 2 the the DET flr-177 41 3 phd phd NOUN flr-177 41 4 level level NOUN flr-177 41 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 6 education education NOUN flr-177 41 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 8 health health NOUN flr-177 41 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 41 11 welfare welfare NOUN flr-177 41 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 41 13 the the DET flr-177 41 14 humanities humanity NOUN flr-177 41 15 continue continue VERB flr-177 41 16 to to PART flr-177 41 17 be be AUX flr-177 41 18 female female ADJ flr-177 41 19 dominated dominate VERB flr-177 41 20 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 41 21 male male ADJ flr-177 41 22 phds phds NOUN flr-177 41 23 are be AUX flr-177 41 24 predominant predominant ADJ flr-177 41 25 in in ADP flr-177 41 26 science science NOUN flr-177 41 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 28 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-177 41 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 41 30 computing computing NOUN flr-177 41 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 32 and and CCONJ flr-177 41 33 particularly particularly ADV flr-177 41 34 in in ADP flr-177 41 35 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 41 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 37 manufacturing manufacturing NOUN flr-177 41 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 39 and and CCONJ flr-177 41 40 construction construction NOUN flr-177 41 41 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 41 42 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 41 43 , , PUNCT flr-177 41 44 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 41 45 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 41 46 . . PUNCT flr-177 42 1 there there PRON flr-177 42 2 is be VERB flr-177 42 3 some some DET flr-177 42 4 evidence evidence NOUN flr-177 42 5 that that SCONJ flr-177 42 6 outside outside ADP flr-177 42 7 of of ADP flr-177 42 8 academia academia NOUN flr-177 42 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 42 10 labour labour NOUN flr-177 42 11 markets market NOUN flr-177 42 12 have have AUX flr-177 42 13 not not PART flr-177 42 14 been be AUX flr-177 42 15 able able ADJ flr-177 42 16 to to PART flr-177 42 17 fully fully ADV flr-177 42 18 absorb absorb VERB flr-177 42 19 these these DET flr-177 42 20 highly highly ADV flr-177 42 21 qualified qualified ADJ flr-177 42 22 individuals individual NOUN flr-177 42 23 kehm kehm PROPN flr-177 42 24 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 42 25 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 42 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 42 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 43 1 in in ADP flr-177 43 2 general general ADJ flr-177 43 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 43 4 however however ADV flr-177 43 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 43 6 high high ADJ flr-177 43 7 employment employment NOUN flr-177 43 8 rates rate NOUN flr-177 43 9 between between ADP flr-177 43 10 93 93 NUM flr-177 43 11 to to PART flr-177 43 12 99 99 NUM flr-177 43 13 % % NOUN flr-177 43 14 have have AUX flr-177 43 15 been be AUX flr-177 43 16 reported report VERB flr-177 43 17 among among ADP flr-177 43 18 individuals individual NOUN flr-177 43 19 possessing possess VERB flr-177 43 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 43 21 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 43 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 44 1 in in ADP flr-177 44 2 most most ADJ flr-177 44 3 countries country NOUN flr-177 44 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 44 5 employment employment NOUN flr-177 44 6 rates rate NOUN flr-177 44 7 of of ADP flr-177 44 8 male male ADJ flr-177 44 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 44 10 degree degree NOUN flr-177 44 11 holders holder NOUN flr-177 44 12 slightly slightly ADV flr-177 44 13 exceed exceed VERB flr-177 44 14 those those PRON flr-177 44 15 of of ADP flr-177 44 16 females female NOUN flr-177 44 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 44 18 male male ADJ flr-177 44 19 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 44 20 degree degree NOUN flr-177 44 21 holders holder NOUN flr-177 44 22 have have VERB flr-177 44 23 higher high ADJ flr-177 44 24 earnings earning NOUN flr-177 44 25 than than ADP flr-177 44 26 their their PRON flr-177 44 27 female female ADJ flr-177 44 28 counterparts counterpart NOUN flr-177 44 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 44 30 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 44 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 44 32 misu misu PROPN flr-177 44 33 , , PUNCT flr-177 44 34 & & CCONJ flr-177 44 35 freeman freeman PROPN flr-177 44 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 44 37 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 44 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 44 39 . . PUNCT flr-177 45 1 1.2 1.2 NUM flr-177 45 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 45 3 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 45 4 of of ADP flr-177 45 5 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 45 6 education education NOUN flr-177 45 7 considering consider VERB flr-177 45 8 the the DET flr-177 45 9 rise rise NOUN flr-177 45 10 in in ADP flr-177 45 11 the the DET flr-177 45 12 number number NOUN flr-177 45 13 of of ADP flr-177 45 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 45 15 degree degree NOUN flr-177 45 16 holders holder NOUN flr-177 45 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 45 18 it it PRON flr-177 45 19 is be AUX flr-177 45 20 evident evident ADJ flr-177 45 21 that that SCONJ flr-177 45 22 not not PART flr-177 45 23 all all PRON flr-177 45 24 will will AUX flr-177 45 25 be be AUX flr-177 45 26 able able ADJ flr-177 45 27 to to PART flr-177 45 28 pursue pursue VERB flr-177 45 29 careers career NOUN flr-177 45 30 in in ADP flr-177 45 31 academia academia NOUN flr-177 45 32 , , PUNCT flr-177 45 33 nor nor CCONJ flr-177 45 34 should should AUX flr-177 45 35 they they PRON flr-177 45 36 be be AUX flr-177 45 37 assumed assume VERB flr-177 45 38 to to PART flr-177 45 39 desire desire VERB flr-177 45 40 this this PRON flr-177 45 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 46 1 based base VERB flr-177 46 2 on on ADP flr-177 46 3 a a DET flr-177 46 4 comparison comparison NOUN flr-177 46 5 of of ADP flr-177 46 6 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 46 7 countries country NOUN flr-177 46 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 46 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 46 10 degree degree NOUN flr-177 46 11 holders holder NOUN flr-177 46 12 in in ADP flr-177 46 13 the the DET flr-177 46 14 natural natural ADJ flr-177 46 15 sciences science NOUN flr-177 46 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 46 17 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 46 18 are be AUX flr-177 46 19 more more ADV flr-177 46 20 likely likely ADJ flr-177 46 21 to to PART flr-177 46 22 be be AUX flr-177 46 23 engaged engage VERB flr-177 46 24 in in ADP flr-177 46 25 research research NOUN flr-177 46 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 46 27 while while SCONJ flr-177 46 28 social social ADJ flr-177 46 29 scientists scientist NOUN flr-177 46 30 are be AUX flr-177 46 31 likely likely ADJ flr-177 46 32 to to PART flr-177 46 33 find find VERB flr-177 46 34 more more ADJ flr-177 46 35 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 46 36 in in ADP flr-177 46 37 non non ADJ flr-177 46 38 - - ADJ flr-177 46 39 research research ADJ flr-177 46 40 occupations occupation NOUN flr-177 46 41 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 46 42 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 46 43 , , PUNCT flr-177 46 44 misu misu PROPN flr-177 46 45 , , PUNCT flr-177 46 46 & & CCONJ flr-177 46 47 freeman freeman PROPN flr-177 46 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 46 49 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 46 50 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 46 51 . . PUNCT flr-177 47 1 given give VERB flr-177 47 2 that that DET flr-177 47 3 research research NOUN flr-177 47 4 skills skill NOUN flr-177 47 5 are be AUX flr-177 47 6 also also ADV flr-177 47 7 now now ADV flr-177 47 8 seen see VERB flr-177 47 9 as as ADP flr-177 47 10 being be AUX flr-177 47 11 valuable valuable ADJ flr-177 47 12 to to ADP flr-177 47 13 a a DET flr-177 47 14 broad broad ADJ flr-177 47 15 range range NOUN flr-177 47 16 of of ADP flr-177 47 17 employment employment NOUN flr-177 47 18 sectors sector NOUN flr-177 47 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 20 a a DET flr-177 47 21 current current ADJ flr-177 47 22 driver driver NOUN flr-177 47 23 is be AUX flr-177 47 24 therefore therefore ADV flr-177 47 25 the the DET flr-177 47 26 perceived perceive VERB flr-177 47 27 need need NOUN flr-177 47 28 to to PART flr-177 47 29 better well ADV flr-177 47 30 prepare prepare VERB flr-177 47 31 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 47 32 students student NOUN flr-177 47 33 to to PART flr-177 47 34 work work VERB flr-177 47 35 outside outside ADV flr-177 47 36 of of ADP flr-177 47 37 academia academia NOUN flr-177 47 38 through through ADP flr-177 47 39 emphasizing emphasize VERB flr-177 47 40 more more ADV flr-177 47 41 strongly strongly ADV flr-177 47 42 the the DET flr-177 47 43 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-177 47 44 of of ADP flr-177 47 45 “ " PUNCT flr-177 47 46 generic generic ADJ flr-177 47 47 skills skill NOUN flr-177 47 48 ” " PUNCT flr-177 47 49 in in ADP flr-177 47 50 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 47 51 education education NOUN flr-177 47 52 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 47 53 eua eua PROPN flr-177 47 54 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 55 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 47 56 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 47 57 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 47 58 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 47 59 fiske fiske PROPN flr-177 47 60 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 61 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 47 62 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 47 63 gilbert gilbert PROPN flr-177 47 64 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 65 balatti balatti PROPN flr-177 47 66 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 67 turner turner PROPN flr-177 47 68 & & CCONJ flr-177 47 69 whitehouse whitehouse PROPN flr-177 47 70 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 71 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 47 72 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 47 73 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 47 74 , , PUNCT flr-177 47 75 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 47 76 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 47 77 . . PUNCT flr-177 48 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 48 2 degree degree NOUN flr-177 48 3 holders holder NOUN flr-177 48 4 are be AUX flr-177 48 5 considered consider VERB flr-177 48 6 to to PART flr-177 48 7 have have VERB flr-177 48 8 the the DET flr-177 48 9 potential potential NOUN flr-177 48 10 to to PART flr-177 48 11 contribute contribute VERB flr-177 48 12 to to ADP flr-177 48 13 economic economic ADJ flr-177 48 14 growth growth NOUN flr-177 48 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 48 16 advancement advancement NOUN flr-177 48 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 48 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 48 19 diffusion diffusion NOUN flr-177 48 20 of of ADP flr-177 48 21 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 48 22 and and CCONJ flr-177 48 23 technologies technology NOUN flr-177 48 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 48 25 and and CCONJ flr-177 48 26 to to PART flr-177 48 27 solve solve VERB flr-177 48 28 societal societal ADJ flr-177 48 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 48 30 environmental environmental ADJ flr-177 48 31 problems problem NOUN flr-177 48 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 48 33 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 48 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 48 35 schaaper schaaper PROPN flr-177 48 36 & & CCONJ flr-177 48 37 felix felix PROPN flr-177 48 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 48 39 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 48 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 48 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 49 1 research research NOUN flr-177 49 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 49 3 particularly particularly ADV flr-177 49 4 in in ADP flr-177 49 5 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 49 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 49 7 sciences science NOUN flr-177 49 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 49 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 49 10 medicine medicine NOUN flr-177 49 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 49 12 is be AUX flr-177 49 13 expected expect VERB flr-177 49 14 to to PART flr-177 49 15 result result VERB flr-177 49 16 in in ADP flr-177 49 17 innovations innovation NOUN flr-177 49 18 that that PRON flr-177 49 19 will will AUX flr-177 49 20 increase increase VERB flr-177 49 21 national national ADJ flr-177 49 22 competitiveness competitiveness NOUN flr-177 49 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 50 1 also also ADV flr-177 50 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 50 3 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 50 4 are be AUX flr-177 50 5 expected expect VERB flr-177 50 6 to to PART flr-177 50 7 participate participate VERB flr-177 50 8 in in ADP flr-177 50 9 turning turn VERB flr-177 50 10 scientific scientific ADJ flr-177 50 11 discoveries discovery NOUN flr-177 50 12 into into ADP flr-177 50 13 patents patent NOUN flr-177 50 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 50 15 innovations innovation NOUN flr-177 50 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 51 1 hence hence ADV flr-177 51 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 51 3 fostering foster VERB flr-177 51 4 an an DET flr-177 51 5 entrepreneurial entrepreneurial ADJ flr-177 51 6 culture culture NOUN flr-177 51 7 by by ADP flr-177 51 8 instilling instill VERB flr-177 51 9 the the DET flr-177 51 10 skills skill NOUN flr-177 51 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 51 12 attitudes attitude NOUN flr-177 51 13 needed need VERB flr-177 51 14 for for ADP flr-177 51 15 creative creative ADJ flr-177 51 16 enterprises enterprise NOUN flr-177 51 17 is be AUX flr-177 51 18 suggested suggest VERB flr-177 51 19 to to PART flr-177 51 20 be be AUX flr-177 51 21 a a DET flr-177 51 22 central central ADJ flr-177 51 23 part part NOUN flr-177 51 24 of of ADP flr-177 51 25 21st 21st ADJ flr-177 51 26 century century NOUN flr-177 51 27 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 51 28 competence competence NOUN flr-177 51 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 51 30 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 51 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 51 32 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 51 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 51 34 . . PUNCT flr-177 52 1 this this PRON flr-177 52 2 is be AUX flr-177 52 3 driven drive VERB flr-177 52 4 by by ADP flr-177 52 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 52 6 1 1 X flr-177 52 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 52 8 an an DET flr-177 52 9 increased increase VERB flr-177 52 10 number number NOUN flr-177 52 11 of of ADP flr-177 52 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 52 13 students student NOUN flr-177 52 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 52 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 52 16 2 2 X flr-177 52 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 52 18 an an DET flr-177 52 19 agenda agenda NOUN flr-177 52 20 to to PART flr-177 52 21 create create VERB flr-177 52 22 “ " PUNCT flr-177 52 23 free free ADJ flr-177 52 24 flow flow NOUN flr-177 52 25 of of ADP flr-177 52 26 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 52 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 52 28 ” " PUNCT flr-177 52 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 52 30 3 3 X flr-177 52 31 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 52 32 accountability accountability NOUN flr-177 52 33 demands demand NOUN flr-177 52 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 52 35 such such ADJ flr-177 52 36 as as ADP flr-177 52 37 reducing reduce VERB flr-177 52 38 the the DET flr-177 52 39 time time NOUN flr-177 52 40 spent spend VERB flr-177 52 41 earning earn VERB flr-177 52 42 the the DET flr-177 52 43 degree degree NOUN flr-177 52 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 52 45 and and CCONJ flr-177 52 46 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 52 47 4 4 X flr-177 52 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 52 49 the the DET flr-177 52 50 goal goal NOUN flr-177 52 51 of of ADP flr-177 52 52 lowering lower VERB flr-177 52 53 levels level NOUN flr-177 52 54 of of ADP flr-177 52 55 attrition attrition NOUN flr-177 52 56 among among ADP flr-177 52 57 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 52 58 students student NOUN flr-177 52 59 . . PUNCT flr-177 53 1 for for ADP flr-177 53 2 instance instance NOUN flr-177 53 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 4 in in ADP flr-177 53 5 europe europe PROPN flr-177 53 6 the the DET flr-177 53 7 berlin berlin PROPN flr-177 53 8 communiqué communiqué PROPN flr-177 53 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 10 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 53 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 53 12 bucharest bucharest PROPN flr-177 53 13 communiqué communiqué NOUN flr-177 53 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 15 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 53 16 have have VERB flr-177 53 17 espoused espouse VERB flr-177 53 18 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 53 19 of of ADP flr-177 53 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 53 21 education education NOUN flr-177 53 22 including include VERB flr-177 53 23 emphasising emphasise VERB flr-177 53 24 learning learn VERB flr-177 53 25 generic generic ADJ flr-177 53 26 skills skill NOUN flr-177 53 27 yet yet ADV flr-177 53 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 29 a a DET flr-177 53 30 comparison comparison NOUN flr-177 53 31 of of ADP flr-177 53 32 19 19 NUM flr-177 53 33 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 53 34 countries country NOUN flr-177 53 35 shows show VERB flr-177 53 36 that that SCONJ flr-177 53 37 government government NOUN flr-177 53 38 policies policy NOUN flr-177 53 39 typically typically ADV flr-177 53 40 emphasise emphasise VERB flr-177 53 41 general general ADJ flr-177 53 42 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 53 43 development development NOUN flr-177 53 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 45 employability employability NOUN flr-177 53 46 of of ADP flr-177 53 47 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 53 48 in in ADP flr-177 53 49 academia academia NOUN flr-177 53 50 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 51 and and CCONJ flr-177 53 52 improving improve VERB flr-177 53 53 research research NOUN flr-177 53 54 work work NOUN flr-177 53 55 rather rather ADV flr-177 53 56 than than ADP flr-177 53 57 explicitly explicitly ADV flr-177 53 58 transferable transferable ADJ flr-177 53 59 skills skill NOUN flr-177 53 60 in in ADP flr-177 53 61 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 53 62 education education NOUN flr-177 53 63 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 53 64 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 53 65 , , PUNCT flr-177 53 66 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 53 67 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 53 68 . . PUNCT flr-177 54 1 somewhat somewhat ADV flr-177 54 2 paradoxically paradoxically ADV flr-177 54 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 54 4 this this DET flr-177 54 5 agenda agenda NOUN flr-177 54 6 sits sit VERB flr-177 54 7 alongside alongside ADP flr-177 54 8 a a DET flr-177 54 9 perceived perceive VERB flr-177 54 10 need need NOUN flr-177 54 11 to to PART flr-177 54 12 develop develop VERB flr-177 54 13 more more ADV flr-177 54 14 comparable comparable ADJ flr-177 54 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 54 16 structured structured ADJ flr-177 54 17 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 54 18 programs program NOUN flr-177 54 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 54 20 which which PRON flr-177 54 21 suggests suggest VERB flr-177 54 22 increasing increase VERB flr-177 54 23 standardisation standardisation NOUN flr-177 54 24 and and CCONJ flr-177 54 25 routination routination NOUN flr-177 54 26 of of ADP flr-177 54 27 programs program NOUN flr-177 54 28 of of ADP flr-177 54 29 study study NOUN flr-177 54 30 . . PUNCT flr-177 55 1 1.3 1.3 NUM flr-177 55 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 56 1 quality quality NOUN flr-177 56 2 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 56 3 in in ADP flr-177 56 4 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 56 5 - - PUNCT flr-177 56 6 based base VERB flr-177 56 7 economies economy NOUN flr-177 56 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 56 9 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 56 10 production production NOUN flr-177 56 11 has have AUX flr-177 56 12 become become VERB flr-177 56 13 a a DET flr-177 56 14 commoditized commoditized ADJ flr-177 56 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 56 16 strategic strategic ADJ flr-177 56 17 resource resource NOUN flr-177 56 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 56 19 fernandez fernandez PROPN flr-177 56 20 - - PUNCT flr-177 56 21 zubieta zubieta PROPN flr-177 56 22 & & CCONJ flr-177 56 23 guy guy NOUN flr-177 56 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 56 25 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 56 26 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 56 27 kehm kehm PROPN flr-177 56 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 56 29 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 56 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 56 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 57 1 the the DET flr-177 57 2 impact impact NOUN flr-177 57 3 of of ADP flr-177 57 4 global global ADJ flr-177 57 5 competition competition NOUN flr-177 57 6 has have AUX flr-177 57 7 resulted result VERB flr-177 57 8 in in ADP flr-177 57 9 a a DET flr-177 57 10 greater great ADJ flr-177 57 11 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-177 57 12 on on ADP flr-177 57 13 evaluating evaluate VERB flr-177 57 14 the the DET flr-177 57 15 quality quality NOUN flr-177 57 16 of of ADP flr-177 57 17 research research NOUN flr-177 57 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 57 19 adras adra NOUN flr-177 57 20 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 57 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 57 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 58 1 frequent frequent ADJ flr-177 58 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 58 3 is be AUX flr-177 58 4 seen see VERB flr-177 58 5 as as ADP flr-177 58 6 a a DET flr-177 58 7 means means NOUN flr-177 58 8 to to PART flr-177 58 9 meet meet VERB flr-177 58 10 the the DET flr-177 58 11 demands demand NOUN flr-177 58 12 of of ADP flr-177 58 13 greater great ADJ flr-177 58 14 transparency transparency NOUN flr-177 58 15 to to ADP flr-177 58 16 the the DET flr-177 58 17 public public NOUN flr-177 58 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 58 19 accountability accountability NOUN flr-177 58 20 of of ADP flr-177 58 21 research research NOUN flr-177 58 22 organizations organization NOUN flr-177 58 23 andres andre VERB flr-177 58 24 et et PROPN flr-177 58 25 al al PROPN flr-177 58 26     SPACE flr-177 59 1 | | ADV flr-177 59 2 f f NOUN flr-177 59 3 l l NOUN flr-177 59 4 r r NOUN flr-177 59 5             SPACE flr-177 59 6 8 8 NUM flr-177 59 7     SPACE flr-177 59 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 59 9 edler edler NOUN flr-177 59 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 59 11 georhiou georhiou NOUN flr-177 59 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 59 13 blind blind ADJ flr-177 59 14 & & CCONJ flr-177 59 15 uyrra uyrra PROPN flr-177 59 16 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 59 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 59 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 60 1 many many ADJ flr-177 60 2 western western ADJ flr-177 60 3 countries country NOUN flr-177 60 4 have have AUX flr-177 60 5 adopted adopt VERB flr-177 60 6 higher high ADJ flr-177 60 7 education education NOUN flr-177 60 8 policies policy NOUN flr-177 60 9 such such ADJ flr-177 60 10 as as ADP flr-177 60 11 systematic systematic ADJ flr-177 60 12 benchmarking benchmarking NOUN flr-177 60 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 60 14 research research NOUN flr-177 60 15 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 60 16 of of ADP flr-177 60 17 universities university NOUN flr-177 60 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 60 19 including include VERB flr-177 60 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 60 21 education education NOUN flr-177 60 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 60 23 as as ADP flr-177 60 24 a a DET flr-177 60 25 means means NOUN flr-177 60 26 of of ADP flr-177 60 27 quality quality NOUN flr-177 60 28 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 60 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 60 30 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 60 31 buela buela NOUN flr-177 60 32 - - PUNCT flr-177 60 33 casal casal NOUN flr-177 60 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 60 35 gutierrez gutierrez PROPN flr-177 60 36 - - PUNCT flr-177 60 37 matinez matinez PROPN flr-177 60 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 60 39 bermudez bermudez PROPN flr-177 60 40 - - PUNCT flr-177 60 41 sanchez sanchez PROPN flr-177 60 42 & & CCONJ flr-177 60 43 vadillo vadillo PROPN flr-177 60 44 - - PUNCT flr-177 60 45 munzo munzo NOUN flr-177 60 46 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 60 47 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 60 48 . . PUNCT flr-177 61 1 principal principal ADJ flr-177 61 2 methods method NOUN flr-177 61 3 used use VERB flr-177 61 4 in in ADP flr-177 61 5 quality quality NOUN flr-177 61 6 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 61 7 are be AUX flr-177 61 8 peer peer NOUN flr-177 61 9 review review NOUN flr-177 61 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 61 11 high high ADJ flr-177 61 12 volume volume NOUN flr-177 61 13 bibliometric bibliometric ADJ flr-177 61 14 data datum NOUN flr-177 61 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 61 16 geuna geuna PROPN flr-177 61 17 & & CCONJ flr-177 61 18 martin martin PROPN flr-177 61 19 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 61 20 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 61 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 61 22 or or CCONJ flr-177 61 23 a a DET flr-177 61 24 combination combination NOUN flr-177 61 25 of of ADP flr-177 61 26 these these DET flr-177 61 27 methods method NOUN flr-177 61 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 61 29 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 61 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 61 31 informed inform VERB flr-177 61 32 peer peer NOUN flr-177 61 33 review review NOUN flr-177 61 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 61 35 . . PUNCT flr-177 62 1 quality quality NOUN flr-177 62 2 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 62 3 has have AUX flr-177 62 4 resulted result VERB flr-177 62 5 in in ADP flr-177 62 6 the the DET flr-177 62 7 burgeoning burgeoning NOUN flr-177 62 8 of of ADP flr-177 62 9 global global ADJ flr-177 62 10 ranking ranking ADJ flr-177 62 11 schemes scheme NOUN flr-177 62 12 that that PRON flr-177 62 13 have have AUX flr-177 62 14 contributed contribute VERB flr-177 62 15 to to ADP flr-177 62 16 the the DET flr-177 62 17 intensification intensification NOUN flr-177 62 18 of of ADP flr-177 62 19 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 62 20 hierarchies hierarchy NOUN flr-177 62 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 63 1 also also ADV flr-177 63 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 63 3 the the DET flr-177 63 4 role role NOUN flr-177 63 5 of of ADP flr-177 63 6 strategic strategic ADJ flr-177 63 7 alliances alliance NOUN flr-177 63 8 and and CCONJ flr-177 63 9 competitive competitive ADJ flr-177 63 10 advantages advantage NOUN flr-177 63 11 – – PUNCT flr-177 63 12 among among ADP flr-177 63 13 market market NOUN flr-177 63 14 areas area NOUN flr-177 63 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 63 16 countries country NOUN flr-177 63 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 63 18 universities university NOUN flr-177 63 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 63 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 63 21 even even ADV flr-177 63 22 individuals individual NOUN flr-177 63 23 – – PUNCT flr-177 63 24 has have AUX flr-177 63 25 become become VERB flr-177 63 26 an an DET flr-177 63 27 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 63 28 important important ADJ flr-177 63 29 asset asset NOUN flr-177 63 30 in in ADP flr-177 63 31 research research NOUN flr-177 63 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 64 1 as as ADP flr-177 64 2 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 64 3 producers producer NOUN flr-177 64 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 64 5 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 64 6 students student NOUN flr-177 64 7 are be AUX flr-177 64 8 recognized recognize VERB flr-177 64 9 as as ADP flr-177 64 10 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 64 11 important important ADJ flr-177 64 12 societal societal ADJ flr-177 64 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 64 14 economic economic ADJ flr-177 64 15 assets asset NOUN flr-177 64 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 65 1 a a DET flr-177 65 2 downside downside NOUN flr-177 65 3 of of ADP flr-177 65 4 this this PRON flr-177 65 5 is be AUX flr-177 65 6 that that SCONJ flr-177 65 7 practices practice NOUN flr-177 65 8 such such ADJ flr-177 65 9 as as ADP flr-177 65 10 poaching poach VERB flr-177 65 11 highly highly ADV flr-177 65 12 qualified qualified ADJ flr-177 65 13 people people NOUN flr-177 65 14 who who PRON flr-177 65 15 travel travel VERB flr-177 65 16 abroad abroad ADV flr-177 65 17 from from ADP flr-177 65 18 developing develop VERB flr-177 65 19 countries country NOUN flr-177 65 20 to to PART flr-177 65 21 earn earn VERB flr-177 65 22 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 65 23 credentials credential NOUN flr-177 65 24 is be AUX flr-177 65 25 on on ADP flr-177 65 26 the the DET flr-177 65 27 increase increase NOUN flr-177 65 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 65 29 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 65 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 65 31 schaaper schaaper PROPN flr-177 65 32 & & CCONJ flr-177 65 33 felix felix PROPN flr-177 65 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 65 35 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 65 36 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 65 37 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 65 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 65 39 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 65 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 65 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 66 1 3 3 X flr-177 66 2 . . X flr-177 66 3 research research NOUN flr-177 66 4 design design NOUN flr-177 66 5 the the DET flr-177 66 6 paper paper NOUN flr-177 66 7 focuses focus VERB flr-177 66 8 on on ADP flr-177 66 9 the the DET flr-177 66 10 exploration exploration NOUN flr-177 66 11 of of ADP flr-177 66 12 global global ADJ flr-177 66 13 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 66 14 of of ADP flr-177 66 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 66 16 education education NOUN flr-177 66 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 66 18 their their PRON flr-177 66 19 local local ADJ flr-177 66 20 manifestation manifestation NOUN flr-177 66 21 by by ADP flr-177 66 22 using use VERB flr-177 66 23 a a DET flr-177 66 24 comparative comparative ADJ flr-177 66 25 case case NOUN flr-177 66 26 study study NOUN flr-177 66 27 strategy strategy NOUN flr-177 66 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 66 29 yin yin NOUN flr-177 66 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 66 31 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 66 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 66 33 . . PUNCT flr-177 67 1 each each DET flr-177 67 2 country country NOUN flr-177 67 3 case case NOUN flr-177 67 4 is be AUX flr-177 67 5 based base VERB flr-177 67 6 on on ADP flr-177 67 7 national national ADJ flr-177 67 8 education education NOUN flr-177 67 9 policies policy NOUN flr-177 67 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 67 11 policy policy NOUN flr-177 67 12 reports report NOUN flr-177 67 13 on on ADP flr-177 67 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 67 15 education education NOUN flr-177 67 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 67 17 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 67 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 67 19 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 67 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 67 21 eu eu PROPN flr-177 67 22 policy policy NOUN flr-177 67 23 texts text NOUN flr-177 67 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 67 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 67 26 and and CCONJ flr-177 67 27 related related ADJ flr-177 67 28 materials material NOUN flr-177 67 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 68 1 based base VERB flr-177 68 2 on on ADP flr-177 68 3 similarities similarity NOUN flr-177 68 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 68 5 differences difference NOUN flr-177 68 6 in in ADP flr-177 68 7 terms term NOUN flr-177 68 8 of of ADP flr-177 68 9 recent recent ADJ flr-177 68 10 changes change NOUN flr-177 68 11 in in ADP flr-177 68 12 the the DET flr-177 68 13 area area NOUN flr-177 68 14 of of ADP flr-177 68 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 68 16 education education NOUN flr-177 68 17 in in ADP flr-177 68 18 each each DET flr-177 68 19 country country NOUN flr-177 68 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 68 21 hsieh hsieh PROPN flr-177 68 22 & & CCONJ flr-177 68 23 shannon shannon PROPN flr-177 68 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 68 25 2005 2005 NUM flr-177 68 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 68 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 68 28 changes change NOUN flr-177 68 29 related relate VERB flr-177 68 30 to to ADP flr-177 68 31 massification massification NOUN flr-177 68 32 , , PUNCT flr-177 68 33 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 68 34 and and CCONJ flr-177 68 35 quality quality NOUN flr-177 68 36 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 68 37 were be AUX flr-177 68 38 most most ADV flr-177 68 39 frequently frequently ADV flr-177 68 40 reported report VERB flr-177 68 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 69 1 accordingly accordingly ADV flr-177 69 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 69 3 our our PRON flr-177 69 4 comparison comparison NOUN flr-177 69 5 focuses focus VERB flr-177 69 6 on on ADP flr-177 69 7 addressing address VERB flr-177 69 8 these these DET flr-177 69 9 three three NUM flr-177 69 10 trends trend NOUN flr-177 69 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 70 1 4 4 X flr-177 70 2 . . X flr-177 70 3 country country NOUN flr-177 70 4 cases case NOUN flr-177 70 5 each each DET flr-177 70 6 country country NOUN flr-177 70 7 invoked invoke VERB flr-177 70 8 different different ADJ flr-177 70 9 ways way NOUN flr-177 70 10 in in ADP flr-177 70 11 which which PRON flr-177 70 12 trends trend NOUN flr-177 70 13 have have AUX flr-177 70 14 unfolded unfold VERB flr-177 70 15 . . PUNCT flr-177 71 1 hence hence ADV flr-177 71 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 71 3 each each DET flr-177 71 4 country country NOUN flr-177 71 5 case case NOUN flr-177 71 6 was be AUX flr-177 71 7 analysed analyse VERB flr-177 71 8 according accord VERB flr-177 71 9 to to ADP flr-177 71 10 its its PRON flr-177 71 11 most most ADV flr-177 71 12 predominant predominant ADJ flr-177 71 13 trends trend NOUN flr-177 71 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 72 1 to to PART flr-177 72 2 provide provide VERB flr-177 72 3 readers reader NOUN flr-177 72 4 a a DET flr-177 72 5 systematic systematic ADJ flr-177 72 6 overview overview NOUN flr-177 72 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 72 8 we we PRON flr-177 72 9 conclude conclude VERB flr-177 72 10 this this DET flr-177 72 11 analysis analysis NOUN flr-177 72 12 by by ADP flr-177 72 13 summarising summarise VERB flr-177 72 14 the the DET flr-177 72 15 findings finding NOUN flr-177 72 16 in in ADP flr-177 72 17 table table NOUN flr-177 72 18 1 1 NUM flr-177 72 19 . . ADP flr-177 72 20 4.1 4.1 NUM flr-177 72 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 73 1 canada canada PROPN flr-177 73 2 in in ADP flr-177 73 3 recent recent ADJ flr-177 73 4 years year NOUN flr-177 73 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 73 6 it it PRON flr-177 73 7 has have AUX flr-177 73 8 been be AUX flr-177 73 9 recognized recognize VERB flr-177 73 10 that that SCONJ flr-177 73 11 canada canada PROPN flr-177 73 12 needs need VERB flr-177 73 13 more more ADJ flr-177 73 14 individuals individual NOUN flr-177 73 15 educated educate VERB flr-177 73 16 at at ADP flr-177 73 17 the the DET flr-177 73 18 phd phd NOUN flr-177 73 19 level level NOUN flr-177 73 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 74 1 according accord VERB flr-177 74 2 to to ADP flr-177 74 3 the the DET flr-177 74 4 conference conference NOUN flr-177 74 5 board board NOUN flr-177 74 6 of of ADP flr-177 74 7 canada canada PROPN flr-177 74 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 74 9 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 74 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 74 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 74 12 “ " PUNCT flr-177 74 13 highly highly ADV flr-177 74 14 skilled skilled ADJ flr-177 74 15 people people NOUN flr-177 74 16 [ [ X flr-177 74 17 i.e. i.e. X flr-177 74 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 74 19 phd phd NOUN flr-177 74 20 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 74 21 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 74 22 are be AUX flr-177 74 23 key key ADJ flr-177 74 24 to to ADP flr-177 74 25 the the DET flr-177 74 26 creation creation NOUN flr-177 74 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 74 28 commercialization commercialization NOUN flr-177 74 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 74 30 and and CCONJ flr-177 74 31 diffusion diffusion NOUN flr-177 74 32 of of ADP flr-177 74 33 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 74 34 ” " PUNCT flr-177 74 35 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 74 36 p. p. NOUN flr-177 74 37 1 1 NUM flr-177 74 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 74 39 . . PUNCT flr-177 75 1 yet yet ADV flr-177 75 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 75 3 since since SCONJ flr-177 75 4 1998 1998 NUM flr-177 75 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 75 6 canada canada PROPN flr-177 75 7 has have AUX flr-177 75 8 earned earn VERB flr-177 75 9 a a DET flr-177 75 10 “ " PUNCT flr-177 75 11 d d NOUN flr-177 75 12 ” " PUNCT flr-177 75 13 in in ADP flr-177 75 14 the the DET flr-177 75 15 multi multi ADJ flr-177 75 16 - - ADJ flr-177 75 17 country country ADJ flr-177 75 18 rankings ranking NOUN flr-177 75 19 of of ADP flr-177 75 20 phd phd NOUN flr-177 75 21 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 75 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 76 1 in in ADP flr-177 76 2 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 76 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 76 4 canada canada PROPN flr-177 76 5 was be AUX flr-177 76 6 ranked rank VERB flr-177 76 7 15th 15th ADV flr-177 76 8 out out ADP flr-177 76 9 of of ADP flr-177 76 10 16 16 NUM flr-177 76 11 in in ADP flr-177 76 12 terms term NOUN flr-177 76 13 of of ADP flr-177 76 14 numbers number NOUN flr-177 76 15 of of ADP flr-177 76 16 graduated graduate VERB flr-177 76 17 phds phds NOUN flr-177 76 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 77 1 this this PRON flr-177 77 2 suggests suggest VERB flr-177 77 3 the the DET flr-177 77 4 need need NOUN flr-177 77 5 toward toward ADP flr-177 77 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 77 7 rather rather ADV flr-177 77 8 than than ADP flr-177 77 9 away away ADV flr-177 77 10 from from ADP flr-177 77 11 massification massification NOUN flr-177 77 12 of of ADP flr-177 77 13 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 77 14 programs program NOUN flr-177 77 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 77 16 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 77 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 78 1 however however ADV flr-177 78 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 78 3 coordinated coordinated ADJ flr-177 78 4 efforts effort NOUN flr-177 78 5 to to PART flr-177 78 6 change change VERB flr-177 78 7 the the DET flr-177 78 8 course course NOUN flr-177 78 9 of of ADP flr-177 78 10 phd phd NOUN flr-177 78 11 education education NOUN flr-177 78 12 are be AUX flr-177 78 13 difficult difficult ADJ flr-177 78 14 because because SCONJ flr-177 78 15 of of ADP flr-177 78 16 canada canada PROPN flr-177 78 17 ’s ’s PART flr-177 78 18 decentralized decentralize VERB flr-177 78 19 education education NOUN flr-177 78 20 system system NOUN flr-177 78 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 79 1 in in ADP flr-177 79 2 terms term NOUN flr-177 79 3 of of ADP flr-177 79 4 phd phd NOUN flr-177 79 5 studies study NOUN flr-177 79 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 79 7 responsibility responsibility NOUN flr-177 79 8 for for ADP flr-177 79 9 education education NOUN flr-177 79 10 – – PUNCT flr-177 79 11 including include VERB flr-177 79 12 higher high ADJ flr-177 79 13 education education NOUN flr-177 79 14 – – PUNCT flr-177 79 15 rests rest VERB flr-177 79 16 with with ADP flr-177 79 17 the the DET flr-177 79 18 provinces province NOUN flr-177 79 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 79 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 80 1 the the DET flr-177 80 2 primary primary ADJ flr-177 80 3 influence influence NOUN flr-177 80 4 of of ADP flr-177 80 5 the the DET flr-177 80 6 federal federal ADJ flr-177 80 7 government government NOUN flr-177 80 8 on on ADP flr-177 80 9 increasing increase VERB flr-177 80 10 the the DET flr-177 80 11 number number NOUN flr-177 80 12 of of ADP flr-177 80 13 phd phd NOUN flr-177 80 14 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 80 15 is be AUX flr-177 80 16 through through ADP flr-177 80 17 the the DET flr-177 80 18 awarding awarding NOUN flr-177 80 19 of of ADP flr-177 80 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 80 21 scholarships scholarship NOUN flr-177 80 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 81 1 regarding regard VERB flr-177 81 2 phd phd NOUN flr-177 81 3 funding funding NOUN flr-177 81 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 81 5 rather rather ADV flr-177 81 6 than than ADP flr-177 81 7 providing provide VERB flr-177 81 8 moderate moderate ADJ flr-177 81 9 scholarships scholarship NOUN flr-177 81 10 to to ADP flr-177 81 11 many many ADJ flr-177 81 12 students student NOUN flr-177 81 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 81 14 currently currently ADV flr-177 81 15 the the DET flr-177 81 16 trend trend NOUN flr-177 81 17 is be AUX flr-177 81 18 to to PART flr-177 81 19 award award VERB flr-177 81 20 a a DET flr-177 81 21 select select ADJ flr-177 81 22 few few ADJ flr-177 81 23 with with ADP flr-177 81 24 “ " PUNCT flr-177 81 25 winner winner NOUN flr-177 81 26 take take VERB flr-177 81 27 all all PRON flr-177 81 28 ” " PUNCT flr-177 81 29 super super NOUN flr-177 81 30 - - NOUN flr-177 81 31 scholarships scholarship NOUN flr-177 81 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 81 33 frank frank PROPN flr-177 81 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 81 35 1999 1999 NUM flr-177 81 36 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 81 37 tamburri tamburri NOUN flr-177 81 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 81 39 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 81 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 81 41 the the DET flr-177 81 42 federal federal ADJ flr-177 81 43 government government NOUN flr-177 81 44 has have AUX flr-177 81 45 moved move VERB flr-177 81 46 away away ADV flr-177 81 47 from from ADP flr-177 81 48 a a DET flr-177 81 49 more more ADV flr-177 81 50 equitable equitable ADJ flr-177 81 51 playing play VERB flr-177 81 52 field field NOUN flr-177 81 53 to to ADP flr-177 81 54 one one NUM flr-177 81 55 of of ADP flr-177 81 56 promoting promote VERB flr-177 81 57 academic academic ADJ flr-177 81 58 “ " PUNCT flr-177 81 59 stars star NOUN flr-177 81 60 ” " PUNCT flr-177 81 61 housed house VERB flr-177 81 62 in in ADP flr-177 81 63 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 81 64 of of ADP flr-177 81 65 “ " PUNCT flr-177 81 66 excellence excellence NOUN flr-177 81 67 , , PUNCT flr-177 81 68 ” " PUNCT flr-177 81 69 which which PRON flr-177 81 70 seems seem VERB flr-177 81 71 to to PART flr-177 81 72 be be AUX flr-177 81 73 at at ADP flr-177 81 74 odds odd NOUN flr-177 81 75 with with ADP flr-177 81 76 the the DET flr-177 81 77 goal goal NOUN flr-177 81 78 of of ADP flr-177 81 79 increasing increase VERB flr-177 81 80 the the DET flr-177 81 81 number number NOUN flr-177 81 82 of of ADP flr-177 81 83 phd phd NOUN flr-177 81 84 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 81 85 . . PUNCT flr-177 82 1 other other ADJ flr-177 82 2 types type NOUN flr-177 82 3 of of ADP flr-177 82 4 funding funding NOUN flr-177 82 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 82 6 for for ADP flr-177 82 7 example example NOUN flr-177 82 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 82 9 by by ADP flr-177 82 10 the the DET flr-177 82 11 universities university NOUN flr-177 82 12 themselves themselves PRON flr-177 82 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 82 14 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 82 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 82 16 through through ADP flr-177 82 17 teaching teach VERB flr-177 82 18 assistantships assistantship NOUN flr-177 82 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 82 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 82 21 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 82 22 research research NOUN flr-177 82 23 grants grant NOUN flr-177 82 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 82 25 are be AUX flr-177 82 26 not not PART flr-177 82 27 guaranteed guarantee VERB flr-177 82 28 and and CCONJ flr-177 82 29 are be AUX flr-177 82 30 disproportionally disproportionally ADV flr-177 82 31 available available ADJ flr-177 82 32 across across ADP flr-177 82 33 andres andres PROPN flr-177 82 34 et et PROPN flr-177 82 35 al al PROPN flr-177 82 36     SPACE flr-177 82 37 | | ADV flr-177 82 38 f f NOUN flr-177 82 39 l l NOUN flr-177 82 40 r r NOUN flr-177 82 41             SPACE flr-177 82 42 9 9 NUM flr-177 82 43     SPACE flr-177 82 44 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-177 82 45 . . PUNCT flr-177 83 1 hence hence ADV flr-177 83 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 83 3 some some DET flr-177 83 4 students student NOUN flr-177 83 5 may may AUX flr-177 83 6 spend spend VERB flr-177 83 7 their their PRON flr-177 83 8 entire entire ADJ flr-177 83 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 83 10 careers career NOUN flr-177 83 11 with with ADP flr-177 83 12 little little ADJ flr-177 83 13 or or CCONJ flr-177 83 14 no no PRON flr-177 83 15 financial financial ADJ flr-177 83 16 support support NOUN flr-177 83 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 84 1 several several ADJ flr-177 84 2 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 84 3 for for ADP flr-177 84 4 the the DET flr-177 84 5 need need NOUN flr-177 84 6 to to PART flr-177 84 7 re re VERB flr-177 84 8 - - VERB flr-177 84 9 imagine imagine VERB flr-177 84 10 the the DET flr-177 84 11 phd phd NOUN flr-177 84 12 can can AUX flr-177 84 13 be be AUX flr-177 84 14 found find VERB flr-177 84 15 in in ADP flr-177 84 16 both both DET flr-177 84 17 policy policy NOUN flr-177 84 18 documents document NOUN flr-177 84 19 and and CCONJ flr-177 84 20 in in ADP flr-177 84 21 the the DET flr-177 84 22 academic academic ADJ flr-177 84 23 literature literature NOUN flr-177 84 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 25 including include VERB flr-177 84 26 lengthy lengthy ADJ flr-177 84 27 time time NOUN flr-177 84 28 to to ADP flr-177 84 29 completion completion NOUN flr-177 84 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 31 limited limited ADJ flr-177 84 32 or or CCONJ flr-177 84 33 uneven uneven ADJ flr-177 84 34 funding funding NOUN flr-177 84 35 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 84 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 37 disappointing disappointing ADJ flr-177 84 38 completion completion NOUN flr-177 84 39 rates rate NOUN flr-177 84 40 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 41 allegedly allegedly ADV flr-177 84 42 antiquated antiquated ADJ flr-177 84 43 forms form NOUN flr-177 84 44 of of ADP flr-177 84 45 assessment assessment NOUN flr-177 84 46 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 84 47 i.e. i.e. X flr-177 84 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 49 the the DET flr-177 84 50 traditional traditional ADJ flr-177 84 51 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 84 52 dissertation dissertation NOUN flr-177 84 53 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 84 54 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 55 oversupply oversupply ADV flr-177 84 56 in in ADP flr-177 84 57 some some DET flr-177 84 58 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-177 84 59 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 60 demand demand NOUN flr-177 84 61 for for ADP flr-177 84 62 skilled skilled ADJ flr-177 84 63 workers worker NOUN flr-177 84 64 – – PUNCT flr-177 84 65 highly highly ADV flr-177 84 66 qualified qualified ADJ flr-177 84 67 personnel personnel NOUN flr-177 84 68 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 84 69 hqp hqp PROPN flr-177 84 70 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 84 71 – – PUNCT flr-177 84 72 in in ADP flr-177 84 73 a a DET flr-177 84 74 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 84 75 society society NOUN flr-177 84 76 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 77 and and CCONJ flr-177 84 78 a a DET flr-177 84 79 poor poor ADJ flr-177 84 80 employment employment NOUN flr-177 84 81 outlook outlook NOUN flr-177 84 82 within within ADP flr-177 84 83 academia academia NOUN flr-177 84 84 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 84 85 elgar elgar PROPN flr-177 84 86 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 87 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 84 88 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 84 89 institute institute NOUN flr-177 84 90 for for ADP flr-177 84 91 the the DET flr-177 84 92 public public ADJ flr-177 84 93 life life NOUN flr-177 84 94 of of ADP flr-177 84 95 arts art NOUN flr-177 84 96 and and CCONJ flr-177 84 97 ideas idea NOUN flr-177 84 98 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 99 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 84 100 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 101 tamburri tamburri NOUN flr-177 84 102 , , PUNCT flr-177 84 103 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 84 104 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 84 105 . . PUNCT flr-177 85 1 however however ADV flr-177 85 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 85 3 the the DET flr-177 85 4 demand demand NOUN flr-177 85 5 for for ADP flr-177 85 6 highly highly ADV flr-177 85 7 qualified qualified ADJ flr-177 85 8 personnel personnel NOUN flr-177 85 9 could could AUX flr-177 85 10 be be AUX flr-177 85 11 argued argue VERB flr-177 85 12 to to PART flr-177 85 13 be be AUX flr-177 85 14 the the DET flr-177 85 15 strongest strong ADJ flr-177 85 16 driver driver NOUN flr-177 85 17 of of ADP flr-177 85 18 change change NOUN flr-177 85 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 86 1 the the DET flr-177 86 2 policy policy NOUN flr-177 86 3 headlights headlight NOUN flr-177 86 4 appear appear VERB flr-177 86 5 to to PART flr-177 86 6 be be AUX flr-177 86 7 aimed aim VERB flr-177 86 8 most most ADV flr-177 86 9 strongly strongly ADV flr-177 86 10 on on ADP flr-177 86 11 changes change NOUN flr-177 86 12 that that PRON flr-177 86 13 will will AUX flr-177 86 14 produce produce VERB flr-177 86 15 labour labour ADJ flr-177 86 16 market market NOUN flr-177 86 17 - - PUNCT flr-177 86 18 ready ready ADJ flr-177 86 19 workers worker NOUN flr-177 86 20 – – PUNCT flr-177 86 21 in in ADP flr-177 86 22 other other ADJ flr-177 86 23 words word NOUN flr-177 86 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 86 25 professionalisation professionalisation NOUN flr-177 86 26 of of ADP flr-177 86 27 the the DET flr-177 86 28 phd phd NOUN flr-177 86 29 – – PUNCT flr-177 86 30 who who PRON flr-177 86 31 will will AUX flr-177 86 32 be be AUX flr-177 86 33 employed employ VERB flr-177 86 34 outside outside ADP flr-177 86 35 of of ADP flr-177 86 36 the the DET flr-177 86 37 tenure tenure NOUN flr-177 86 38 track track NOUN flr-177 86 39 framework framework NOUN flr-177 86 40 . . PUNCT flr-177 87 1 however however ADV flr-177 87 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 87 3 the the DET flr-177 87 4 discourse discourse NOUN flr-177 87 5 around around ADP flr-177 87 6 preparation preparation NOUN flr-177 87 7 for for ADP flr-177 87 8 the the DET flr-177 87 9 labour labour ADJ flr-177 87 10 force force NOUN flr-177 87 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 87 12 related relate VERB flr-177 87 13 “ " PUNCT flr-177 87 14 skill skill NOUN flr-177 87 15 ” " PUNCT flr-177 87 16 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-177 87 17 is be AUX flr-177 87 18 rather rather ADV flr-177 87 19 is be AUX flr-177 87 20 messy messy ADJ flr-177 87 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 87 22 often often ADV flr-177 87 23 contradictory contradictory ADJ flr-177 87 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 88 1 labour labour ADJ flr-177 88 2 marketready marketready ADJ flr-177 88 3 skills skill NOUN flr-177 88 4 can can AUX flr-177 88 5 include include VERB flr-177 88 6 critical critical ADJ flr-177 88 7 thinking thinking NOUN flr-177 88 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 88 9 creativity creativity NOUN flr-177 88 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 88 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 88 12 effective effective ADJ flr-177 88 13 communication communication NOUN flr-177 88 14 skills skill NOUN flr-177 88 15 . . PUNCT flr-177 89 1 others other NOUN flr-177 89 2 believe believe VERB flr-177 89 3 that that SCONJ flr-177 89 4 internships internship NOUN flr-177 89 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 89 6 professional professional ADJ flr-177 89 7 development development NOUN flr-177 89 8 programs program NOUN flr-177 89 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 89 10 partnerships partnership NOUN flr-177 89 11 with with ADP flr-177 89 12 businesses business NOUN flr-177 89 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 89 14 industry industry NOUN flr-177 89 15 external external ADJ flr-177 89 16 to to ADP flr-177 89 17 the the DET flr-177 89 18 university university NOUN flr-177 89 19 are be AUX flr-177 89 20 needed need VERB flr-177 89 21 to to PART flr-177 89 22 expand expand VERB flr-177 89 23 the the DET flr-177 89 24 skill skill NOUN flr-177 89 25 repertoires repertoire NOUN flr-177 89 26 of of ADP flr-177 89 27 phd phd NOUN flr-177 89 28 students student NOUN flr-177 89 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 90 1 one one NUM flr-177 90 2 recent recent ADJ flr-177 90 3 report report NOUN flr-177 90 4 that that PRON flr-177 90 5 emerged emerge VERB flr-177 90 6 out out ADP flr-177 90 7 of of ADP flr-177 90 8 a a DET flr-177 90 9 re re ADJ flr-177 90 10 - - ADJ flr-177 90 11 imagining imagining ADJ flr-177 90 12 exercise exercise NOUN flr-177 90 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 90 14 provided provide VERB flr-177 90 15 the the DET flr-177 90 16 following follow VERB flr-177 90 17 criticism criticism NOUN flr-177 90 18 : : PUNCT flr-177 90 19 “ " PUNCT flr-177 90 20 rather rather ADV flr-177 90 21 than than ADP flr-177 90 22 simply simply ADV flr-177 90 23 supplementing supplement VERB flr-177 90 24 the the DET flr-177 90 25 student student NOUN flr-177 90 26 experience experience NOUN flr-177 90 27 with with ADP flr-177 90 28 additional additional ADJ flr-177 90 29 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 90 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 90 31 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 90 32 programs program NOUN flr-177 90 33 need need VERB flr-177 90 34 to to PART flr-177 90 35 re re VERB flr-177 90 36 - - VERB flr-177 90 37 think think VERB flr-177 90 38 their their PRON flr-177 90 39 pedagogical pedagogical ADJ flr-177 90 40 aims aim NOUN flr-177 90 41 and and CCONJ flr-177 90 42 methods method NOUN flr-177 90 43 at at ADP flr-177 90 44 the the DET flr-177 90 45 most most ADV flr-177 90 46 fundamental fundamental ADJ flr-177 90 47 level level NOUN flr-177 90 48 ” " PUNCT flr-177 90 49 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 90 50 ubc ubc PROPN flr-177 90 51 graduate graduate PROPN flr-177 90 52 and and CCONJ flr-177 90 53 postdoctoral postdoctoral ADJ flr-177 90 54 studies study NOUN flr-177 90 55 , , PUNCT flr-177 90 56 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 90 57 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 90 58 . . PUNCT flr-177 91 1 however however ADV flr-177 91 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 91 3 the the DET flr-177 91 4 absence absence NOUN flr-177 91 5 of of ADP flr-177 91 6 national national ADJ flr-177 91 7 quality quality NOUN flr-177 91 8 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 91 9 mechanisms mechanism NOUN flr-177 91 10 beyond beyond ADP flr-177 91 11 implicit implicit ADJ flr-177 91 12 checks check NOUN flr-177 91 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 91 14 balances balance NOUN flr-177 91 15 within within ADP flr-177 91 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 91 17 among among ADP flr-177 91 18 universities university NOUN flr-177 91 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 91 20 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 91 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 91 22 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ flr-177 91 23 examinations examination NOUN flr-177 91 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 91 25 examination examination NOUN flr-177 91 26 of of ADP flr-177 91 27 the the DET flr-177 91 28 dissertation dissertation NOUN flr-177 91 29 by by ADP flr-177 91 30 external external ADJ flr-177 91 31 assessors assessor NOUN flr-177 91 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 91 33 create create VERB flr-177 91 34 challenges challenge NOUN flr-177 91 35 for for ADP flr-177 91 36 re re VERB flr-177 91 37 - - ADJ flr-177 91 38 imagining imagining ADJ flr-177 91 39 exercises exercise NOUN flr-177 91 40 . . PUNCT flr-177 92 1 in in ADP flr-177 92 2 terms term NOUN flr-177 92 3 of of ADP flr-177 92 4 massification massification NOUN flr-177 92 5 of of ADP flr-177 92 6 the the DET flr-177 92 7 phd phd NOUN flr-177 92 8 within within ADP flr-177 92 9 the the DET flr-177 92 10 canadian canadian ADJ flr-177 92 11 context context NOUN flr-177 92 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 92 13 it it PRON flr-177 92 14 is be AUX flr-177 92 15 paradoxical paradoxical ADJ flr-177 92 16 that that SCONJ flr-177 92 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 92 18 1 1 NUM flr-177 92 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 92 20 more more ADJ flr-177 92 21 phd phd NOUN flr-177 92 22 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 92 23 are be AUX flr-177 92 24 required require VERB flr-177 92 25 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 92 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 92 27 2 2 X flr-177 92 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 92 29 scholarships scholarship NOUN flr-177 92 30 are be AUX flr-177 92 31 awarded award VERB flr-177 92 32 to to ADP flr-177 92 33 a a DET flr-177 92 34 small small ADJ flr-177 92 35 proportion proportion NOUN flr-177 92 36 of of ADP flr-177 92 37 phd phd NOUN flr-177 92 38 students student NOUN flr-177 92 39 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 92 40 and and CCONJ flr-177 92 41 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 92 42 3 3 X flr-177 92 43 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 92 44 there there PRON flr-177 92 45 appears appear VERB flr-177 92 46 to to PART flr-177 92 47 be be AUX flr-177 92 48 a a DET flr-177 92 49 glut glut NOUN flr-177 92 50 of of ADP flr-177 92 51 phds phds NOUN flr-177 92 52 in in ADP flr-177 92 53 terms term NOUN flr-177 92 54 of of ADP flr-177 92 55 employability employability NOUN flr-177 92 56 within within ADP flr-177 92 57 academia academia NOUN flr-177 92 58 . . PUNCT flr-177 93 1 hence hence ADV flr-177 93 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 93 3 the the DET flr-177 93 4 re re VERB flr-177 93 5 - - ADJ flr-177 93 6 imagining imagining ADJ flr-177 93 7 process process NOUN flr-177 93 8 will will AUX flr-177 93 9 be be AUX flr-177 93 10 a a DET flr-177 93 11 long long ADJ flr-177 93 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 93 13 contentious contentious ADJ flr-177 93 14 process process NOUN flr-177 93 15 in in ADP flr-177 93 16 canada canada PROPN flr-177 93 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 94 1 time time NOUN flr-177 94 2 will will AUX flr-177 94 3 tell tell VERB flr-177 94 4 whether whether SCONJ flr-177 94 5 re re VERB flr-177 94 6 - - VERB flr-177 94 7 imagining imagine VERB flr-177 94 8 the the DET flr-177 94 9 phd phd NOUN flr-177 94 10 as as ADP flr-177 94 11 just just ADV flr-177 94 12 - - PUNCT flr-177 94 13 in in ADP flr-177 94 14 - - PUNCT flr-177 94 15 time time NOUN flr-177 94 16 training training NOUN flr-177 94 17 for for ADP flr-177 94 18 the the DET flr-177 94 19 workforce workforce NOUN flr-177 94 20 can can AUX flr-177 94 21 in in ADP flr-177 94 22 any any DET flr-177 94 23 way way NOUN flr-177 94 24 successfully successfully ADV flr-177 94 25 supplant supplant VERB flr-177 94 26 previous previous ADJ flr-177 94 27 educational educational ADJ flr-177 94 28 ideals ideal NOUN flr-177 94 29 such such ADJ flr-177 94 30 as as ADP flr-177 94 31 newman newman PROPN flr-177 94 32 ’s ’s PART flr-177 94 33 notion notion NOUN flr-177 94 34 of of ADP flr-177 94 35 education education NOUN flr-177 94 36 as as ADP flr-177 94 37 an an DET flr-177 94 38 end end NOUN flr-177 94 39 in in ADP flr-177 94 40 itself itself PRON flr-177 94 41 or or CCONJ flr-177 94 42 humboldt humboldt PROPN flr-177 94 43 ’s ’s PART flr-177 94 44 conceptualization conceptualization NOUN flr-177 94 45 of of ADP flr-177 94 46 bildung bildung PROPN flr-177 94 47 – – PUNCT flr-177 94 48 that that ADV flr-177 94 49 is be AUX flr-177 94 50 , , PUNCT flr-177 94 51 cultivation cultivation NOUN flr-177 94 52 of of ADP flr-177 94 53 the the DET flr-177 94 54 entire entire ADJ flr-177 94 55 individual individual NOUN flr-177 94 56 . . PUNCT flr-177 95 1 4.2 4.2 NUM flr-177 95 2 . . X flr-177 95 3 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 95 4 in in ADP flr-177 95 5 the the DET flr-177 95 6 1990s 1990s NUM flr-177 95 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 95 8 with with ADP flr-177 95 9 the the DET flr-177 95 10 introduction introduction NOUN flr-177 95 11 of of ADP flr-177 95 12 law law NOUN flr-177 95 13 30 30 NUM flr-177 95 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 95 15 general general ADJ flr-177 95 16 law law NOUN flr-177 95 17 of of ADP flr-177 95 18 education education NOUN flr-177 95 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 95 20 1994 1994 NUM flr-177 95 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 95 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 95 23 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 95 24 experienced experience VERB flr-177 95 25 the the DET flr-177 95 26 second second ADJ flr-177 95 27 highest high ADJ flr-177 95 28 increase increase NOUN flr-177 95 29 of of ADP flr-177 95 30 latin latin ADJ flr-177 95 31 american american ADJ flr-177 95 32 countries country NOUN flr-177 95 33 , , PUNCT flr-177 95 34 at at ADP flr-177 95 35 150 150 NUM flr-177 95 36 % % NOUN flr-177 95 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 95 38 in in ADP flr-177 95 39 university university NOUN flr-177 95 40 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 95 41 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN flr-177 95 42 and and CCONJ flr-177 95 43 graduate graduate ADJ flr-177 95 44 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 95 45 attendance attendance NOUN flr-177 95 46 . . PUNCT flr-177 96 1 however however ADV flr-177 96 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 96 3 this this DET flr-177 96 4 increase increase NOUN flr-177 96 5 lagged lag VERB flr-177 96 6 behind behind ADP flr-177 96 7 the the DET flr-177 96 8 mean mean NOUN flr-177 96 9 achieved achieve VERB flr-177 96 10 by by ADP flr-177 96 11 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 96 12 countries country NOUN flr-177 96 13 in in ADP flr-177 96 14 the the DET flr-177 96 15 same same ADJ flr-177 96 16 period period NOUN flr-177 96 17 of of ADP flr-177 96 18 time time NOUN flr-177 96 19 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 96 20 only only ADV flr-177 96 21 6 6 NUM flr-177 96 22 % % NOUN flr-177 96 23 of of ADP flr-177 96 24 the the DET flr-177 96 25 population population NOUN flr-177 96 26 in in ADP flr-177 96 27 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 96 28 continued continue VERB flr-177 96 29 their their PRON flr-177 96 30 studies study NOUN flr-177 96 31 and and CCONJ flr-177 96 32 entered enter VERB flr-177 96 33 to to ADP flr-177 96 34 phd phd NOUN flr-177 96 35 programs program NOUN flr-177 96 36 . . PUNCT flr-177 97 1 in in ADP flr-177 97 2 the the DET flr-177 97 3 1960s 1960 NOUN flr-177 97 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 97 5 1970s 1970 NOUN flr-177 97 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 97 7 the the DET flr-177 97 8 need need NOUN flr-177 97 9 to to PART flr-177 97 10 promote promote VERB flr-177 97 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 97 12 studies study NOUN flr-177 97 13 was be AUX flr-177 97 14 identified identify VERB flr-177 97 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 97 16 one one NUM flr-177 97 17 of of ADP flr-177 97 18 the the DET flr-177 97 19 first first ADJ flr-177 97 20 attempts attempt NOUN flr-177 97 21 of of ADP flr-177 97 22 the the DET flr-177 97 23 government government NOUN flr-177 97 24 to to PART flr-177 97 25 ameliorate ameliorate VERB flr-177 97 26 the the DET flr-177 97 27 problem problem NOUN flr-177 97 28 took take VERB flr-177 97 29 place place NOUN flr-177 97 30 in in ADP flr-177 97 31 1968 1968 NUM flr-177 97 32 with with ADP flr-177 97 33 the the DET flr-177 97 34 creation creation NOUN flr-177 97 35 of of ADP flr-177 97 36 the the DET flr-177 97 37 national national PROPN flr-177 97 38 institute institute PROPN flr-177 97 39 to to PART flr-177 97 40 promote promote VERB flr-177 97 41 science science NOUN flr-177 97 42 and and CCONJ flr-177 97 43 technology technology NOUN flr-177 97 44 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 97 45 colciencias colciencias PROPN flr-177 97 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 97 47 . . PUNCT flr-177 98 1 additionally additionally ADV flr-177 98 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 98 3 to to PART flr-177 98 4 encourage encourage VERB flr-177 98 5 high high ADJ flr-177 98 6 quality quality NOUN flr-177 98 7 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 98 8 of of ADP flr-177 98 9 future future ADJ flr-177 98 10 phd phd NOUN flr-177 98 11 candidates candidate NOUN flr-177 98 12 from from ADP flr-177 98 13 that that DET flr-177 98 14 time time NOUN flr-177 98 15 onward onward ADV flr-177 98 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 98 17 the the DET flr-177 98 18 national national PROPN flr-177 98 19 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 98 20 of of ADP flr-177 98 21 education education PROPN flr-177 98 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 98 23 república república PROPN flr-177 98 24 de de PROPN flr-177 98 25 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 98 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 98 27 ministerio ministerio PROPN flr-177 98 28 de de PROPN flr-177 98 29 educación educación PROPN flr-177 98 30 nacional nacional PROPN flr-177 98 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 98 32 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 98 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 98 34 invested invest VERB flr-177 98 35 large large ADJ flr-177 98 36 amounts amount NOUN flr-177 98 37 of of ADP flr-177 98 38 money money NOUN flr-177 98 39 to to PART flr-177 98 40 train train VERB flr-177 98 41 colombian colombian ADJ flr-177 98 42 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 98 43 students student NOUN flr-177 98 44 abroad abroad ADV flr-177 98 45 . . PUNCT flr-177 99 1 however however ADV flr-177 99 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 99 3 as as ADP flr-177 99 4 in in ADP flr-177 99 5 other other ADJ flr-177 99 6 countries country NOUN flr-177 99 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 99 8 such such DET flr-177 99 9 a a DET flr-177 99 10 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 99 11 policy policy NOUN flr-177 99 12 generated generate VERB flr-177 99 13 considerable considerable ADJ flr-177 99 14 “ " PUNCT flr-177 99 15 brain brain NOUN flr-177 99 16 drain drain NOUN flr-177 99 17 ” " PUNCT flr-177 99 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 99 19 most most ADJ flr-177 99 20 students student NOUN flr-177 99 21 remained remain VERB flr-177 99 22 in in ADP flr-177 99 23 their their PRON flr-177 99 24 host host NOUN flr-177 99 25 countries country NOUN flr-177 99 26 because because SCONJ flr-177 99 27 of of ADP flr-177 99 28 better well ADJ flr-177 99 29 professional professional ADJ flr-177 99 30 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 99 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 100 1 massification massification NOUN flr-177 100 2 of of ADP flr-177 100 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 100 4 programs program NOUN flr-177 100 5 has have AUX flr-177 100 6 occurred occur VERB flr-177 100 7 in in ADP flr-177 100 8 many many ADJ flr-177 100 9 developed develop VERB flr-177 100 10 countries country NOUN flr-177 100 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 101 1 however however ADV flr-177 101 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 101 3 this this PRON flr-177 101 4 was be AUX flr-177 101 5 not not PART flr-177 101 6 the the DET flr-177 101 7 case case NOUN flr-177 101 8 in in ADP flr-177 101 9 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 101 10 as as ADP flr-177 101 11 national national ADJ flr-177 101 12 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 101 13 programs program NOUN flr-177 101 14 only only ADV flr-177 101 15 began begin VERB flr-177 101 16 to to PART flr-177 101 17 appear appear VERB flr-177 101 18 some some DET flr-177 101 19 decades decade NOUN flr-177 101 20 ago ago ADV flr-177 101 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 102 1 thus thus ADV flr-177 102 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 102 3 between between ADP flr-177 102 4 1986 1986 NUM flr-177 102 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 102 6 1990 1990 NUM flr-177 102 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 102 8 only only ADV flr-177 102 9 nine nine NUM flr-177 102 10 programs program NOUN flr-177 102 11 were be AUX flr-177 102 12 in in ADP flr-177 102 13 existence existence NOUN flr-177 102 14 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 102 15 between between ADP flr-177 102 16 1997 1997 NUM flr-177 102 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 102 18 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 102 19 this this PRON flr-177 102 20 increased increase VERB flr-177 102 21 to to ADP flr-177 102 22 14 14 NUM flr-177 102 23 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 102 24 programs program NOUN flr-177 102 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 102 26 national national PROPN flr-177 102 27 council council PROPN flr-177 102 28 of of ADP flr-177 102 29 acreditation acreditation PROPN flr-177 102 30 cna cna PROPN flr-177 102 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 102 32 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 102 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 102 34 . . PUNCT flr-177 103 1 during during ADP flr-177 103 2 that that DET flr-177 103 3 time time NOUN flr-177 103 4 only only ADV flr-177 103 5 2 2 NUM flr-177 103 6 % % NOUN flr-177 103 7 of of ADP flr-177 103 8 university university NOUN flr-177 103 9 professors professor NOUN flr-177 103 10 held hold VERB flr-177 103 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 103 12 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 103 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 104 1 in in ADP flr-177 104 2 the the DET flr-177 104 3 year year NOUN flr-177 104 4 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 104 5 for for ADP flr-177 104 6 instance instance NOUN flr-177 104 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 104 8 only only ADV flr-177 104 9 26 26 NUM flr-177 104 10 individuals individual NOUN flr-177 104 11 had have AUX flr-177 104 12 completed complete VERB flr-177 104 13 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 104 14 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 104 15 in in ADP flr-177 104 16 colombian colombian ADJ flr-177 104 17 universities university NOUN flr-177 104 18 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 104 19 that that PRON flr-177 104 20 is is ADV flr-177 104 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 104 22 a a DET flr-177 104 23 very very ADV flr-177 104 24 low low ADJ flr-177 104 25 rate rate NOUN flr-177 104 26 of of ADP flr-177 104 27 only only ADV flr-177 104 28 four four NUM flr-177 104 29 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 104 30 per per ADP flr-177 104 31 1,000,000 1,000,000 NUM flr-177 104 32 people people NOUN flr-177 104 33 . . PUNCT flr-177 105 1 the the DET flr-177 105 2 world world PROPN flr-177 105 3 bank bank PROPN flr-177 105 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 105 5 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 105 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 105 7 predicted predict VERB flr-177 105 8 that that SCONJ flr-177 105 9 globalization globalization NOUN flr-177 105 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 105 11 economic economic ADJ flr-177 105 12 growth growth NOUN flr-177 105 13 policies policy NOUN flr-177 105 14 would would AUX flr-177 105 15 positively positively ADV flr-177 105 16 affect affect VERB flr-177 105 17 growth growth NOUN flr-177 105 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 105 19 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 105 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 105 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 105 22 the the DET flr-177 105 23 development development NOUN flr-177 105 24 of of ADP flr-177 105 25 tertiary tertiary ADJ flr-177 105 26 education education NOUN flr-177 105 27 in in ADP flr-177 105 28 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 105 29 during during ADP flr-177 105 30 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 105 31 and and CCONJ flr-177 105 32 would would AUX flr-177 105 33 andres andre VERB flr-177 105 34 et et PROPN flr-177 105 35 al al PROPN flr-177 105 36     SPACE flr-177 106 1 | | ADV flr-177 106 2 f f NOUN flr-177 106 3 l l NOUN flr-177 106 4 r r NOUN flr-177 106 5             SPACE flr-177 106 6 10 10 NUM flr-177 106 7     SPACE flr-177 106 8 lead lead NOUN flr-177 106 9 to to ADP flr-177 106 10 a a DET flr-177 106 11 greater great ADJ flr-177 106 12 number number NOUN flr-177 106 13 of of ADP flr-177 106 14 people people NOUN flr-177 106 15 graduating graduate VERB flr-177 106 16 with with ADP flr-177 106 17 phds phds PROPN flr-177 106 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 107 1 in in ADP flr-177 107 2 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 107 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 107 4 around around ADV flr-177 107 5 100 100 NUM flr-177 107 6 people people NOUN flr-177 107 7 had have AUX flr-177 107 8 graduated graduate VERB flr-177 107 9 from from ADP flr-177 107 10 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 107 11 programs program NOUN flr-177 107 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 108 1 today today NOUN flr-177 108 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 3 there there PRON flr-177 108 4 are be VERB flr-177 108 5 92 92 NUM flr-177 108 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 108 7 programs program NOUN flr-177 108 8 in in ADP flr-177 108 9 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 108 10 officially officially ADV flr-177 108 11 reported report VERB flr-177 108 12 by by ADP flr-177 108 13 the the DET flr-177 108 14 national national PROPN flr-177 108 15 council council PROPN flr-177 108 16 of of ADP flr-177 108 17 accreditation accreditation NOUN flr-177 108 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 19 cna cna PROPN flr-177 108 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 108 21 national national ADJ flr-177 108 22 system system NOUN flr-177 108 23 of of ADP flr-177 108 24 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 108 25 in in ADP flr-177 108 26 higher high ADJ flr-177 108 27 education education NOUN flr-177 108 28 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 108 29 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 108 30 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 108 31 unesco unesco PROPN flr-177 108 32 - - PUNCT flr-177 108 33 ibe ibe PROPN flr-177 108 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 35 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 108 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 108 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 38 with with ADP flr-177 108 39 more more ADJ flr-177 108 40 in in ADP flr-177 108 41 natural natural ADJ flr-177 108 42 sciences science NOUN flr-177 108 43 and and CCONJ flr-177 108 44 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-177 108 45 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 46 social social ADJ flr-177 108 47 sciences science NOUN flr-177 108 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 49 education education NOUN flr-177 108 50 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 51 and and CCONJ flr-177 108 52 humanities humanity NOUN flr-177 108 53 than than ADP flr-177 108 54 in in ADP flr-177 108 55 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 108 56 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 57 health health NOUN flr-177 108 58 sciences science NOUN flr-177 108 59 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 60 and and CCONJ flr-177 108 61 economics economic NOUN flr-177 108 62 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 108 63 jaramillo jaramillo PROPN flr-177 108 64 , , PUNCT flr-177 108 65 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 108 66 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 108 67 . . PUNCT flr-177 109 1 of of ADP flr-177 109 2 these these PRON flr-177 109 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 109 4 52 52 NUM flr-177 109 5 % % NOUN flr-177 109 6 of of ADP flr-177 109 7 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 109 8 programs program NOUN flr-177 109 9 are be AUX flr-177 109 10 offered offer VERB flr-177 109 11 by by ADP flr-177 109 12 private private ADJ flr-177 109 13 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 109 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 110 1 hence hence ADV flr-177 110 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 110 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 110 4 studies study NOUN flr-177 110 5 are be AUX flr-177 110 6 still still ADV flr-177 110 7 available available ADJ flr-177 110 8 only only ADV flr-177 110 9 for for ADP flr-177 110 10 a a DET flr-177 110 11 small small ADJ flr-177 110 12 elite elite NOUN flr-177 110 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 110 14 the the DET flr-177 110 15 low low ADJ flr-177 110 16 availability availability NOUN flr-177 110 17 of of ADP flr-177 110 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 110 19 programs program NOUN flr-177 110 20 in in ADP flr-177 110 21 some some DET flr-177 110 22 areas area NOUN flr-177 110 23 has have AUX flr-177 110 24 led lead VERB flr-177 110 25 some some DET flr-177 110 26 professionals professional NOUN flr-177 110 27 to to PART flr-177 110 28 choose choose VERB flr-177 110 29 a a DET flr-177 110 30 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 110 31 not not PART flr-177 110 32 with with ADP flr-177 110 33 the the DET flr-177 110 34 goal goal NOUN flr-177 110 35 of of ADP flr-177 110 36 mastering master VERB flr-177 110 37 an an DET flr-177 110 38 area area NOUN flr-177 110 39 related relate VERB flr-177 110 40 to to ADP flr-177 110 41 their their PRON flr-177 110 42 own own ADJ flr-177 110 43 field field NOUN flr-177 110 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 110 45 but but CCONJ flr-177 110 46 only only ADV flr-177 110 47 in in ADP flr-177 110 48 order order NOUN flr-177 110 49 to to PART flr-177 110 50 gain gain VERB flr-177 110 51 access access NOUN flr-177 110 52 to to ADP flr-177 110 53 good good ADJ flr-177 110 54 jobs job NOUN flr-177 110 55 . . PUNCT flr-177 111 1 additionally additionally ADV flr-177 111 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 111 3 there there PRON flr-177 111 4 is be VERB flr-177 111 5 a a DET flr-177 111 6 lack lack NOUN flr-177 111 7 of of ADP flr-177 111 8 employment employment NOUN flr-177 111 9 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 111 10 after after ADP flr-177 111 11 graduation graduation NOUN flr-177 111 12 because because SCONJ flr-177 111 13 funds fund NOUN flr-177 111 14 provided provide VERB flr-177 111 15 by by ADP flr-177 111 16 government government NOUN flr-177 111 17 for for ADP flr-177 111 18 financing finance VERB flr-177 111 19 state state NOUN flr-177 111 20 universities university NOUN flr-177 111 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 111 22 the the DET flr-177 111 23 opening opening NOUN flr-177 111 24 of of ADP flr-177 111 25 places place NOUN flr-177 111 26 for for ADP flr-177 111 27 full full ADJ flr-177 111 28 - - PUNCT flr-177 111 29 time time NOUN flr-177 111 30 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 111 31 are be AUX flr-177 111 32 not not PART flr-177 111 33 enough enough ADJ flr-177 111 34 to to PART flr-177 111 35 meet meet VERB flr-177 111 36 national national ADJ flr-177 111 37 demand demand NOUN flr-177 111 38 . . PUNCT flr-177 112 1 to to PART flr-177 112 2 assure assure VERB flr-177 112 3 the the DET flr-177 112 4 quality quality NOUN flr-177 112 5 of of ADP flr-177 112 6 programs program NOUN flr-177 112 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 8 the the DET flr-177 112 9 government government NOUN flr-177 112 10 has have AUX flr-177 112 11 adopted adopt VERB flr-177 112 12 strategies strategy NOUN flr-177 112 13 such such ADJ flr-177 112 14 as as ADP flr-177 112 15 creating create VERB flr-177 112 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 112 17 designing design VERB flr-177 112 18 regulations regulation NOUN flr-177 112 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 112 20 curricular curricular ADJ flr-177 112 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 22 administrative administrative ADJ flr-177 112 23 and and CCONJ flr-177 112 24 academic academic ADJ flr-177 112 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 112 26 and and CCONJ flr-177 112 27 regulatory regulatory ADJ flr-177 112 28 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 112 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 112 30 cesu cesu NOUN flr-177 112 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 32 snies snie NOUN flr-177 112 33 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 34 cndm cndm PROPN flr-177 112 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 36 cna cna PROPN flr-177 112 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 38 icfes icfe NOUN flr-177 112 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 112 40 among among ADP flr-177 112 41 others other NOUN flr-177 112 42 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 112 43 . . PUNCT flr-177 113 1 however however ADV flr-177 113 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 113 3 with with ADP flr-177 113 4 so so ADV flr-177 113 5 many many ADJ flr-177 113 6 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 113 7 assigned assign VERB flr-177 113 8 to to PART flr-177 113 9 assure assure VERB flr-177 113 10 quality quality NOUN flr-177 113 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 113 12 overlap overlap NOUN flr-177 113 13 of of ADP flr-177 113 14 functions function NOUN flr-177 113 15 has have VERB flr-177 113 16 the the DET flr-177 113 17 potential potential NOUN flr-177 113 18 to to PART flr-177 113 19 interfere interfere VERB flr-177 113 20 negatively negatively ADV flr-177 113 21 with with ADP flr-177 113 22 the the DET flr-177 113 23 flow flow NOUN flr-177 113 24 and and CCONJ flr-177 113 25 development development NOUN flr-177 113 26 of of ADP flr-177 113 27 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 113 28 programs program NOUN flr-177 113 29 which which PRON flr-177 113 30 differ differ VERB flr-177 113 31 a a DET flr-177 113 32 great great ADJ flr-177 113 33 deal deal NOUN flr-177 113 34 from from ADP flr-177 113 35 one one NUM flr-177 113 36 another another DET flr-177 113 37 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 113 38 brunner brunner NOUN flr-177 113 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 113 40 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 113 41 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 113 42 . . PUNCT flr-177 114 1 all all PRON flr-177 114 2 of of ADP flr-177 114 3 the the DET flr-177 114 4 work work NOUN flr-177 114 5 undertaken undertake VERB flr-177 114 6 regarding regard VERB flr-177 114 7 colombian colombian ADJ flr-177 114 8 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 114 9 education education NOUN flr-177 114 10 has have AUX flr-177 114 11 led lead VERB flr-177 114 12 to to ADP flr-177 114 13 gradual gradual ADJ flr-177 114 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 114 15 positive positive ADJ flr-177 114 16 academic academic ADJ flr-177 114 17 development development NOUN flr-177 114 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 115 1 however however ADV flr-177 115 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 115 3 tensions tension NOUN flr-177 115 4 regarding regard VERB flr-177 115 5 the the DET flr-177 115 6 existing exist VERB flr-177 115 7 dichotomy dichotomy NOUN flr-177 115 8 between between ADP flr-177 115 9 promoting promote VERB flr-177 115 10 the the DET flr-177 115 11 creation creation NOUN flr-177 115 12 of of ADP flr-177 115 13 more more ADJ flr-177 115 14 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 115 15 while while SCONJ flr-177 115 16 not not PART flr-177 115 17 addressing address VERB flr-177 115 18 the the DET flr-177 115 19 parallel parallel ADJ flr-177 115 20 necessity necessity NOUN flr-177 115 21 of of ADP flr-177 115 22 creating create VERB flr-177 115 23 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 115 24 for for ADP flr-177 115 25 employment employment NOUN flr-177 115 26 of of ADP flr-177 115 27 alumni alumnus NOUN flr-177 115 28 exist exist VERB flr-177 115 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 116 1 the the DET flr-177 116 2 other other ADJ flr-177 116 3 tension tension NOUN flr-177 116 4 has have VERB flr-177 116 5 to to PART flr-177 116 6 do do VERB flr-177 116 7 with with ADP flr-177 116 8 giving give VERB flr-177 116 9 more more ADJ flr-177 116 10 importance importance NOUN flr-177 116 11 to to ADP flr-177 116 12 the the DET flr-177 116 13 regulation regulation NOUN flr-177 116 14 of of ADP flr-177 116 15 programs program NOUN flr-177 116 16 rather rather ADV flr-177 116 17 than than ADP flr-177 116 18 for for ADP flr-177 116 19 the the DET flr-177 116 20 preparation preparation NOUN flr-177 116 21 of of ADP flr-177 116 22 academic academic ADJ flr-177 116 23 communities community NOUN flr-177 116 24 to to PART flr-177 116 25 develop develop VERB flr-177 116 26 new new ADJ flr-177 116 27 ways way NOUN flr-177 116 28 to to PART flr-177 116 29 teach teach VERB flr-177 116 30 and and CCONJ flr-177 116 31 conduct conduct VERB flr-177 116 32 research research NOUN flr-177 116 33 . . PUNCT flr-177 117 1 4.3 4.3 NUM flr-177 117 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 117 3 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 117 4 in in ADP flr-177 117 5 response response NOUN flr-177 117 6 to to ADP flr-177 117 7 the the DET flr-177 117 8 rapid rapid ADJ flr-177 117 9 increase increase NOUN flr-177 117 10 in in ADP flr-177 117 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 117 12 students student NOUN flr-177 117 13 at at ADP flr-177 117 14 danish danish ADJ flr-177 117 15 universities university NOUN flr-177 117 16 during during ADP flr-177 117 17 the the DET flr-177 117 18 1990s 1990s NUM flr-177 117 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 117 20 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 117 21 created create VERB flr-177 117 22 its its PRON flr-177 117 23 first first ADJ flr-177 117 24 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 117 25 schools school NOUN flr-177 117 26 in in ADP flr-177 117 27 1996 1996 NUM flr-177 117 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 118 1 the the DET flr-177 118 2 university university PROPN flr-177 118 3 act act NOUN flr-177 118 4 of of ADP flr-177 118 5 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 118 6 required require VERB flr-177 118 7 the the DET flr-177 118 8 establishment establishment NOUN flr-177 118 9 of of ADP flr-177 118 10 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 118 11 schools school NOUN flr-177 118 12 at at ADP flr-177 118 13 all all DET flr-177 118 14 danish danish ADJ flr-177 118 15 universities university NOUN flr-177 118 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 119 1 the the DET flr-177 119 2 purpose purpose NOUN flr-177 119 3 of of ADP flr-177 119 4 mandatory mandatory ADJ flr-177 119 5 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 119 6 schools school NOUN flr-177 119 7 was be AUX flr-177 119 8 to to PART flr-177 119 9 enhance enhance VERB flr-177 119 10 the the DET flr-177 119 11 quality quality NOUN flr-177 119 12 of of ADP flr-177 119 13 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 119 14 education education NOUN flr-177 119 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 119 16 including include VERB flr-177 119 17 optimizing optimize VERB flr-177 119 18 completion completion NOUN flr-177 119 19 rates rate NOUN flr-177 119 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 119 21 standardizing standardize VERB flr-177 119 22 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 119 23 education education NOUN flr-177 119 24 across across ADP flr-177 119 25 universities university NOUN flr-177 119 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 119 27 danish danish PROPN flr-177 119 28 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 119 29 of of ADP flr-177 119 30 higher high ADJ flr-177 119 31 education education NOUN flr-177 119 32 and and CCONJ flr-177 119 33 science science NOUN flr-177 119 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 119 35 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 119 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 119 37 . . PUNCT flr-177 120 1 with with ADP flr-177 120 2 the the DET flr-177 120 3 finance finance NOUN flr-177 120 4 act act NOUN flr-177 120 5 of of ADP flr-177 120 6 2005 2005 NUM flr-177 120 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 120 8 the the DET flr-177 120 9 globalization globalization NOUN flr-177 120 10 agreement agreement NOUN flr-177 120 11 of of ADP flr-177 120 12 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 120 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 120 14 the the DET flr-177 120 15 danish danish ADJ flr-177 120 16 government government NOUN flr-177 120 17 decided decide VERB flr-177 120 18 to to PART flr-177 120 19 double double VERB flr-177 120 20 the the DET flr-177 120 21 annual annual ADJ flr-177 120 22 enrollment enrollment NOUN flr-177 120 23 rate rate NOUN flr-177 120 24 of of ADP flr-177 120 25 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 120 26 students student NOUN flr-177 120 27 from from ADP flr-177 120 28 1,200 1,200 NUM flr-177 120 29 in in ADP flr-177 120 30 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 120 31 to to ADP flr-177 120 32 2,400 2,400 NUM flr-177 120 33 in in ADP flr-177 120 34 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 120 35 . . PUNCT flr-177 121 1 since since SCONJ flr-177 121 2 then then ADV flr-177 121 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 121 4 universities university NOUN flr-177 121 5 have have AUX flr-177 121 6 maintained maintain VERB flr-177 121 7 high high ADJ flr-177 121 8 enrollment enrollment NOUN flr-177 121 9 rates rate NOUN flr-177 121 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 121 11 today today NOUN flr-177 121 12 around around ADP flr-177 121 13 2,400 2,400 NUM flr-177 121 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 121 15 students student NOUN flr-177 121 16 are be AUX flr-177 121 17 enrolled enrol VERB flr-177 121 18 annually annually ADV flr-177 121 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 121 20 danish danish PROPN flr-177 121 21 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 121 22 of of ADP flr-177 121 23 higher high ADJ flr-177 121 24 education education NOUN flr-177 121 25 & & CCONJ flr-177 121 26 science science NOUN flr-177 121 27 2015a 2015a NUM flr-177 121 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 121 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 122 1 the the DET flr-177 122 2 development development NOUN flr-177 122 3 of of ADP flr-177 122 4 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 122 5 education education NOUN flr-177 122 6 in in ADP flr-177 122 7 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 122 8 is be AUX flr-177 122 9 part part NOUN flr-177 122 10 of of ADP flr-177 122 11 a a DET flr-177 122 12 wider wide ADJ flr-177 122 13 european european ADJ flr-177 122 14 trend trend NOUN flr-177 122 15 of of ADP flr-177 122 16 more more ADV flr-177 122 17 closely closely ADV flr-177 122 18 aligning align VERB flr-177 122 19 research research NOUN flr-177 122 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 122 21 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 122 22 education education NOUN flr-177 122 23 at at ADP flr-177 122 24 the the DET flr-177 122 25 local local ADJ flr-177 122 26 universities university NOUN flr-177 122 27 with with ADP flr-177 122 28 national national ADJ flr-177 122 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 122 30 international international ADJ flr-177 122 31 “ " PUNCT flr-177 122 32 policy policy NOUN flr-177 122 33 making making NOUN flr-177 122 34 and and CCONJ flr-177 122 35 regulation regulation NOUN flr-177 122 36 through through ADP flr-177 122 37 qualifications qualification NOUN flr-177 122 38 framework framework NOUN flr-177 122 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 122 40 benchmarking benchmarking NOUN flr-177 122 41 and and CCONJ flr-177 122 42 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 122 43 ” " PUNCT flr-177 122 44 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 122 45 fortes fortis NOUN flr-177 122 46 , , PUNCT flr-177 122 47 kehm kehm PROPN flr-177 122 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 122 49 & & CCONJ flr-177 122 50 mayekiso mayekiso PROPN flr-177 122 51 , , PUNCT flr-177 122 52 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 122 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 122 54 p. p. NOUN flr-177 122 55 100 100 NUM flr-177 122 56 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 122 57 . . PUNCT flr-177 123 1 together together ADV flr-177 123 2 with with ADP flr-177 123 3 most most ADJ flr-177 123 4 of of ADP flr-177 123 5 the the DET flr-177 123 6 nordic nordic ADJ flr-177 123 7 countries country NOUN flr-177 123 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 123 10 education education NOUN flr-177 123 11 in in ADP flr-177 123 12 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 123 13 has have AUX flr-177 123 14 been be AUX flr-177 123 15 reformed reform VERB flr-177 123 16 recently recently ADV flr-177 123 17 “ " PUNCT flr-177 123 18 involving involve VERB flr-177 123 19 a a DET flr-177 123 20 clear clear ADJ flr-177 123 21 trend trend NOUN flr-177 123 22 towards towards ADP flr-177 123 23 programmed program VERB flr-177 123 24 teaching teaching NOUN flr-177 123 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 123 26 a a DET flr-177 123 27 more more ADV flr-177 123 28 heavy heavy ADJ flr-177 123 29 reliance reliance NOUN flr-177 123 30 on on ADP flr-177 123 31 generic generic ADJ flr-177 123 32 phd phd NOUN flr-177 123 33 courses course NOUN flr-177 123 34 for for ADP flr-177 123 35 example example NOUN flr-177 123 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 37 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 123 38 and and CCONJ flr-177 123 39 all all PRON flr-177 123 40 of of ADP flr-177 123 41 the the DET flr-177 123 42 countries country NOUN flr-177 123 43 are be AUX flr-177 123 44 participating participate VERB flr-177 123 45 in in ADP flr-177 123 46 the the DET flr-177 123 47 bologna bologna NOUN flr-177 123 48 process process NOUN flr-177 123 49 for for ADP flr-177 123 50 the the DET flr-177 123 51 creation creation NOUN flr-177 123 52 of of ADP flr-177 123 53 ehea ehea PROPN flr-177 123 54 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 55 the the DET flr-177 123 56 european european PROPN flr-177 123 57 higher high ADJ flr-177 123 58 education education NOUN flr-177 123 59 area area NOUN flr-177 123 60 ” " PUNCT flr-177 123 61 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 123 62 gudmundsson gudmundsson NOUN flr-177 123 63 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 64 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 123 65 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 66 p. p. NOUN flr-177 123 67 86 86 NUM flr-177 123 68 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 123 69 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 70 which which PRON flr-177 123 71 is be AUX flr-177 123 72 a a DET flr-177 123 73 body body NOUN flr-177 123 74 “ " PUNCT flr-177 123 75 meant mean VERB flr-177 123 76 to to PART flr-177 123 77 ensure ensure VERB flr-177 123 78 more more ADV flr-177 123 79 comparable comparable ADJ flr-177 123 80 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 81 compatible compatible ADJ flr-177 123 82 , , PUNCT flr-177 123 83 and and CCONJ flr-177 123 84 coherent coherent ADJ flr-177 123 85 systems system NOUN flr-177 123 86 of of ADP flr-177 123 87 higher high ADJ flr-177 123 88 education education NOUN flr-177 123 89 in in ADP flr-177 123 90 europe europe PROPN flr-177 123 91 ” " PUNCT flr-177 124 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 124 2 european european PROPN flr-177 124 3 higher high ADJ flr-177 124 4 education education NOUN flr-177 124 5 area area NOUN flr-177 124 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 124 7 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 124 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 124 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 125 1 as as SCONJ flr-177 125 2 fortes fortis NOUN flr-177 125 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 125 4 kehm kehm NOUN flr-177 125 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 125 6 mayekiso mayekiso PROPN flr-177 125 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 125 8 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 125 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 125 10 point point VERB flr-177 125 11 out out ADP flr-177 125 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 125 13 the the DET flr-177 125 14 tendency tendency NOUN flr-177 125 15 towards towards ADP flr-177 125 16 increase increase NOUN flr-177 125 17 in in ADP flr-177 125 18 “ " PUNCT flr-177 125 19 quality quality NOUN flr-177 125 20 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 125 21 at at ADP flr-177 125 22 the the DET flr-177 125 23 european european ADJ flr-177 125 24 level level NOUN flr-177 125 25 should should AUX flr-177 125 26 not not PART flr-177 125 27 be be AUX flr-177 125 28 underestimated underestimate VERB flr-177 125 29 ” " PUNCT flr-177 125 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 125 31 p.100 p.100 NOUN flr-177 125 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 125 33 in in ADP flr-177 125 34 terms term NOUN flr-177 125 35 of of ADP flr-177 125 36 the the DET flr-177 125 37 fact fact NOUN flr-177 125 38 that that SCONJ flr-177 125 39 policy policy NOUN flr-177 125 40 making making NOUN flr-177 125 41 at at ADP flr-177 125 42 the the DET flr-177 125 43 european european ADJ flr-177 125 44 level level NOUN flr-177 125 45 highly highly ADV flr-177 125 46 influences influence NOUN flr-177 125 47 and and CCONJ flr-177 125 48 informs inform VERB flr-177 125 49 national national ADJ flr-177 125 50 policies policy NOUN flr-177 125 51 on on ADP flr-177 125 52 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 125 53 education education NOUN flr-177 125 54 in in ADP flr-177 125 55 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 125 56 . . PUNCT flr-177 126 1 fortes fortis NOUN flr-177 126 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 126 3 kehm kehm PROPN flr-177 126 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 126 5 mayekiso mayekiso NOUN flr-177 126 6 highlight highlight VERB flr-177 126 7 that that SCONJ flr-177 126 8 despite despite SCONJ flr-177 126 9 the the DET flr-177 126 10 fact fact NOUN flr-177 126 11 that that SCONJ flr-177 126 12 the the DET flr-177 126 13 locus locus NOUN flr-177 126 14 of of ADP flr-177 126 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 126 16 education education NOUN flr-177 126 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 126 18 its its PRON flr-177 126 19 curricular curricular ADJ flr-177 126 20 content content NOUN flr-177 126 21 is be AUX flr-177 126 22 a a DET flr-177 126 23 national national ADJ flr-177 126 24 issue issue NOUN flr-177 126 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 126 26 the the DET flr-177 126 27 european european PROPN flr-177 126 28 commission commission PROPN flr-177 126 29 “ " PUNCT flr-177 126 30 acts act VERB flr-177 126 31 as as ADP flr-177 126 32 a a DET flr-177 126 33 true true ADJ flr-177 126 34 policy policy NOUN flr-177 126 35 entrepreneur entrepreneur NOUN flr-177 126 36 ” " PUNCT flr-177 126 37 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 126 38 p. p. NOUN flr-177 126 39 100 100 NUM flr-177 126 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 126 41 by by ADP flr-177 126 42 specifying specify VERB flr-177 126 43 agendas agenda NOUN flr-177 126 44 and and CCONJ flr-177 126 45 encouraging encourage VERB flr-177 126 46 regulation regulation NOUN flr-177 126 47 at at ADP flr-177 126 48 the the DET flr-177 126 49 european european ADJ flr-177 126 50 level level NOUN flr-177 126 51 . . PUNCT flr-177 127 1 in in ADP flr-177 127 2 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 127 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 127 4 the the DET flr-177 127 5 ministry ministry NOUN flr-177 127 6 urges urge VERB flr-177 127 7 universities university NOUN flr-177 127 8 to to PART flr-177 127 9 ensure ensure VERB flr-177 127 10 that that SCONJ flr-177 127 11 their their PRON flr-177 127 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 127 13 programs program NOUN flr-177 127 14 promote promote VERB flr-177 127 15 interdisciplinary interdisciplinary ADJ flr-177 127 16 training training NOUN flr-177 127 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 127 18 the the DET flr-177 127 19 development development NOUN flr-177 127 20 of of ADP flr-177 127 21 transferrable transferrable ADJ flr-177 127 22 skills skill NOUN flr-177 127 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 127 24 thus thus ADV flr-177 127 25 meeting meet VERB flr-177 127 26 the the DET flr-177 127 27 needs need NOUN flr-177 127 28 of of ADP flr-177 127 29 the the DET flr-177 127 30 wider wide ADJ flr-177 127 31 employment employment NOUN flr-177 127 32 market market NOUN flr-177 127 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 127 34 gudmundsson gudmundsson NOUN flr-177 127 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 127 36 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 127 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 127 38 p. p. NOUN flr-177 127 39 77 77 NUM flr-177 127 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 127 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 128 1 however however ADV flr-177 128 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 128 3 at at ADP flr-177 128 4 the the DET flr-177 128 5 same same ADJ flr-177 128 6 time time NOUN flr-177 128 7 the the DET flr-177 128 8 ministry ministry NOUN flr-177 128 9 states state VERB flr-177 128 10 that that SCONJ flr-177 128 11 “ " PUNCT flr-177 128 12 [ [ X flr-177 128 13 o]verregulation o]verregulation NOUN flr-177 128 14 of of ADP flr-177 128 15 andres andres PROPN flr-177 128 16 et et PROPN flr-177 128 17 al al PROPN flr-177 128 18     SPACE flr-177 128 19 | | ADV flr-177 128 20 f f NOUN flr-177 128 21 l l NOUN flr-177 128 22 r r NOUN flr-177 128 23             SPACE flr-177 128 24 11 11 NUM flr-177 128 25     SPACE flr-177 128 26 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 128 27 programs program NOUN flr-177 128 28 should should AUX flr-177 128 29 be be AUX flr-177 128 30 avoided avoid VERB flr-177 128 31 ” " PUNCT flr-177 128 32 as as SCONJ flr-177 128 33 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 128 34 education education NOUN flr-177 128 35 is be AUX flr-177 128 36 seen see VERB flr-177 128 37 as as ADP flr-177 128 38 “ " PUNCT flr-177 128 39 a a DET flr-177 128 40 source source NOUN flr-177 128 41 for for ADP flr-177 128 42 human human ADJ flr-177 128 43 capital capital NOUN flr-177 128 44 for for ADP flr-177 128 45 research research NOUN flr-177 128 46 but but CCONJ flr-177 128 47 is be AUX flr-177 128 48 also also ADV flr-177 128 49 an an DET flr-177 128 50 extremely extremely ADV flr-177 128 51 important important ADJ flr-177 128 52 part part NOUN flr-177 128 53 of of ADP flr-177 128 54 the the DET flr-177 128 55 research research NOUN flr-177 128 56 itself itself PRON flr-177 128 57 ” " PUNCT flr-177 128 58 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 128 59 p. p. NOUN flr-177 128 60 77 77 NUM flr-177 128 61 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 128 62 . . PUNCT flr-177 129 1 the the DET flr-177 129 2 danish danish PROPN flr-177 129 3 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 129 4 of of ADP flr-177 129 5 higher high ADJ flr-177 129 6 education education NOUN flr-177 129 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 129 8 science science NOUN flr-177 129 9 foregrounds foreground VERB flr-177 129 10 the the DET flr-177 129 11 importance importance NOUN flr-177 129 12 of of ADP flr-177 129 13 the the DET flr-177 129 14 european european ADJ flr-177 129 15 qualifications qualification NOUN flr-177 129 16 framework framework NOUN flr-177 129 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 129 18 eqf eqf PROPN flr-177 129 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 129 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 129 21 the the DET flr-177 129 22 discourse discourse NOUN flr-177 129 23 of of ADP flr-177 129 24 lifelong lifelong ADJ flr-177 129 25 learning learning NOUN flr-177 129 26 with with ADP flr-177 129 27 the the DET flr-177 129 28 aim aim NOUN flr-177 129 29 to to PART flr-177 129 30 align align VERB flr-177 129 31 the the DET flr-177 129 32 quality quality NOUN flr-177 129 33 and and CCONJ flr-177 129 34 level level NOUN flr-177 129 35 of of ADP flr-177 129 36 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 129 37 education education NOUN flr-177 129 38 internationally internationally ADV flr-177 129 39 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 129 40 danish danish PROPN flr-177 129 41 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 129 42 of of ADP flr-177 129 43 higher high ADJ flr-177 129 44 education education NOUN flr-177 129 45 & & CCONJ flr-177 129 46 science science NOUN flr-177 129 47 2015b 2015b NUM flr-177 129 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 129 49 . . PUNCT flr-177 130 1 with with ADP flr-177 130 2 the the DET flr-177 130 3 eqf eqf NOUN flr-177 130 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 130 5 it it PRON flr-177 130 6 is be AUX flr-177 130 7 possible possible ADJ flr-177 130 8 to to PART flr-177 130 9 compare compare VERB flr-177 130 10 educational educational ADJ flr-177 130 11 systems system NOUN flr-177 130 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 130 13 increase increase VERB flr-177 130 14 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 130 15 across across ADP flr-177 130 16 borders border NOUN flr-177 130 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 130 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 130 19 more more ADV flr-177 130 20 fully fully ADV flr-177 130 21 to to PART flr-177 130 22 internationalize internationalize VERB flr-177 130 23 danish danish ADJ flr-177 130 24 universities university NOUN flr-177 130 25 . . PUNCT flr-177 131 1 this this PRON flr-177 131 2 can can AUX flr-177 131 3 be be AUX flr-177 131 4 said say VERB flr-177 131 5 to to PART flr-177 131 6 increase increase VERB flr-177 131 7 competition competition NOUN flr-177 131 8 among among ADP flr-177 131 9 universities university NOUN flr-177 131 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 131 11 which which PRON flr-177 131 12 is be AUX flr-177 131 13 seen see VERB flr-177 131 14 in in ADP flr-177 131 15 the the DET flr-177 131 16 benchmarking benchmarke VERB flr-177 131 17 systems system NOUN flr-177 131 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 131 19 the the DET flr-177 131 20 global global ADJ flr-177 131 21 ranking ranking ADJ flr-177 131 22 systems system NOUN flr-177 131 23 in in ADP flr-177 131 24 relation relation NOUN flr-177 131 25 to to PART flr-177 131 26 which which PRON flr-177 131 27 the the DET flr-177 131 28 danish danish ADJ flr-177 131 29 universities university NOUN flr-177 131 30 navigate navigate VERB flr-177 131 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 132 1 the the DET flr-177 132 2 eqf eqf PROPN flr-177 132 3 ’s ’s PART flr-177 132 4 effect effect NOUN flr-177 132 5 on on ADP flr-177 132 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 132 7 education education NOUN flr-177 132 8 in in ADP flr-177 132 9 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 132 10 has have AUX flr-177 132 11 been be AUX flr-177 132 12 to to PART flr-177 132 13 promote promote VERB flr-177 132 14 formalised formalise VERB flr-177 132 15 generic generic ADJ flr-177 132 16 skills skill NOUN flr-177 132 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 132 18 competences competence NOUN flr-177 132 19 within within ADP flr-177 132 20 research research NOUN flr-177 132 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 132 22 development development NOUN flr-177 132 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 132 24 and and CCONJ flr-177 132 25 teaching teach VERB flr-177 132 26 at at ADP flr-177 132 27 universities university NOUN flr-177 132 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 133 1 the the DET flr-177 133 2 goals goal NOUN flr-177 133 3 advanced advance VERB flr-177 133 4 by by ADP flr-177 133 5 the the DET flr-177 133 6 ministry ministry NOUN flr-177 133 7 focus focus VERB flr-177 133 8 on on ADP flr-177 133 9 “ " PUNCT flr-177 133 10 better well ADJ flr-177 133 11 quality quality NOUN flr-177 133 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 13 better well ADJ flr-177 133 14 cohesion cohesion NOUN flr-177 133 15 in in ADP flr-177 133 16 higher high ADJ flr-177 133 17 education education NOUN flr-177 133 18 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 133 19 even even ADV flr-177 133 20 more more ADJ flr-177 133 21 quality quality NOUN flr-177 133 22 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 23 relevance relevance NOUN flr-177 133 24 in in ADP flr-177 133 25 research research NOUN flr-177 133 26 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 133 27 increased increase VERB flr-177 133 28 use use NOUN flr-177 133 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 30 dissemination dissemination NOUN flr-177 133 31 of of ADP flr-177 133 32 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 133 33 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 34 technology technology NOUN flr-177 133 35 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 133 36 improve[ment improve[ment NOUN flr-177 133 37 ] ] X flr-177 133 38 of of ADP flr-177 133 39 internationalisation internationalisation NOUN flr-177 133 40 of of ADP flr-177 133 41 higher high ADJ flr-177 133 42 education education NOUN flr-177 133 43 , , PUNCT flr-177 133 44 research research NOUN flr-177 133 45 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 46 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 133 47 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 133 48 increased increase VERB flr-177 133 49 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 133 50 in in ADP flr-177 133 51 businesses business NOUN flr-177 133 52 , , PUNCT flr-177 133 53 public public ADJ flr-177 133 54 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 133 55 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 56 higher high ADJ flr-177 133 57 education education NOUN flr-177 133 58 , , PUNCT flr-177 133 59 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 60 effective effective ADJ flr-177 133 61 administration administration NOUN flr-177 133 62 of of ADP flr-177 133 63 education education NOUN flr-177 133 64 support support NOUN flr-177 133 65 and and CCONJ flr-177 133 66 grants grant NOUN flr-177 133 67 ” " PUNCT flr-177 133 68 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 133 69 european european PROPN flr-177 133 70 commission commission PROPN flr-177 133 71 , , PUNCT flr-177 133 72 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 133 73 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 133 74 . . PUNCT flr-177 134 1 this this DET flr-177 134 2 development development NOUN flr-177 134 3 points point VERB flr-177 134 4 to to ADP flr-177 134 5 some some DET flr-177 134 6 potential potential ADJ flr-177 134 7 tensions tension NOUN flr-177 134 8 including include VERB flr-177 134 9 a a DET flr-177 134 10 dual dual ADJ flr-177 134 11 focus focus NOUN flr-177 134 12 on on ADP flr-177 134 13 wider wide ADJ flr-177 134 14 employment employment NOUN flr-177 134 15 for for ADP flr-177 134 16 the the DET flr-177 134 17 market market NOUN flr-177 134 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 134 19 development development NOUN flr-177 134 20 of of ADP flr-177 134 21 deep deep ADJ flr-177 134 22 research research NOUN flr-177 134 23 skills skill NOUN flr-177 134 24 necessary necessary ADJ flr-177 134 25 for for ADP flr-177 134 26 academic academic ADJ flr-177 134 27 environments environment NOUN flr-177 134 28 specifically specifically ADV flr-177 134 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 134 30 together together ADV flr-177 134 31 with with ADP flr-177 134 32 an an DET flr-177 134 33 increased increase VERB flr-177 134 34 focus focus NOUN flr-177 134 35 on on ADP flr-177 134 36 internationalization internationalization NOUN flr-177 134 37 and and CCONJ flr-177 134 38 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 134 39 and and CCONJ flr-177 134 40 while while SCONJ flr-177 134 41 attempting attempt VERB flr-177 134 42 to to PART flr-177 134 43 build build VERB flr-177 134 44 strong strong ADJ flr-177 134 45 research research NOUN flr-177 134 46 environments environment NOUN flr-177 134 47 at at ADP flr-177 134 48 home home NOUN flr-177 134 49 universities university NOUN flr-177 134 50 in in ADP flr-177 134 51 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 134 52 . . PUNCT flr-177 135 1 also also ADV flr-177 135 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 135 3 the the DET flr-177 135 4 dual dual ADJ flr-177 135 5 goal goal NOUN flr-177 135 6 of of ADP flr-177 135 7 increasing increase VERB flr-177 135 8 training training NOUN flr-177 135 9 programs program NOUN flr-177 135 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 135 11 support support NOUN flr-177 135 12 systems system NOUN flr-177 135 13 to to PART flr-177 135 14 anchor anchor VERB flr-177 135 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 135 16 education education NOUN flr-177 135 17 more more ADV flr-177 135 18 closely closely ADV flr-177 135 19 to to ADP flr-177 135 20 the the DET flr-177 135 21 home home NOUN flr-177 135 22 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 135 23 structure structure NOUN flr-177 135 24 and and CCONJ flr-177 135 25 the the DET flr-177 135 26 wish wish NOUN flr-177 135 27 to to PART flr-177 135 28 enhance enhance VERB flr-177 135 29 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 135 30 and and CCONJ flr-177 135 31 independence independence NOUN flr-177 135 32 of of ADP flr-177 135 33 individual individual ADJ flr-177 135 34 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 135 35 students student NOUN flr-177 135 36 creates create VERB flr-177 135 37 another another DET flr-177 135 38 tension tension NOUN flr-177 135 39 . . PUNCT flr-177 136 1 4.4 4.4 NUM flr-177 136 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 137 1 finland finland PROPN flr-177 137 2 massification massification PROPN flr-177 137 3 of of ADP flr-177 137 4 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 137 5 education education NOUN flr-177 137 6 has have AUX flr-177 137 7 been be AUX flr-177 137 8 driven drive VERB flr-177 137 9 by by ADP flr-177 137 10 the the DET flr-177 137 11 needs need NOUN flr-177 137 12 of of ADP flr-177 137 13 a a DET flr-177 137 14 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 137 15 economy economy NOUN flr-177 137 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 137 17 national national ADJ flr-177 137 18 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 137 19 policy policy NOUN flr-177 137 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 137 21 has have AUX flr-177 137 22 been be AUX flr-177 137 23 promoted promote VERB flr-177 137 24 systematically systematically ADV flr-177 137 25 by by ADP flr-177 137 26 the the DET flr-177 137 27 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 137 28 of of ADP flr-177 137 29 education education PROPN flr-177 137 30 and and CCONJ flr-177 137 31 culture culture NOUN flr-177 137 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 137 33 mec mec PROPN flr-177 137 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 137 35 that that PRON flr-177 137 36 provides provide VERB flr-177 137 37 the the DET flr-177 137 38 primary primary ADJ flr-177 137 39 source source NOUN flr-177 137 40 of of ADP flr-177 137 41 funding funding NOUN flr-177 137 42 for for ADP flr-177 137 43 the the DET flr-177 137 44 universities university NOUN flr-177 137 45 in in ADP flr-177 137 46 finland finland PROPN flr-177 137 47 . . PUNCT flr-177 138 1 accordingly accordingly ADV flr-177 138 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 138 3 between between ADP flr-177 138 4 the the DET flr-177 138 5 1990s 1990 NOUN flr-177 138 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 138 7 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 138 8 the the DET flr-177 138 9 number number NOUN flr-177 138 10 of of ADP flr-177 138 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 138 12 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 138 13 completed complete VERB flr-177 138 14 annually annually ADV flr-177 138 15 tripled triple VERB flr-177 138 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 139 1 currently currently ADV flr-177 139 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 139 3 about about ADV flr-177 139 4 1600 1600 NUM flr-177 139 5 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 139 6 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 139 7 are be AUX flr-177 139 8 awarded award VERB flr-177 139 9 annually annually ADV flr-177 139 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 140 1 the the DET flr-177 140 2 number number NOUN flr-177 140 3 of of ADP flr-177 140 4 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 140 5 completed complete VERB flr-177 140 6 yearly yearly ADV flr-177 140 7 is be AUX flr-177 140 8 highest high ADJ flr-177 140 9 in in ADP flr-177 140 10 medicine medicine NOUN flr-177 140 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 140 12 natural natural ADJ flr-177 140 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 140 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 140 15 technical technical ADJ flr-177 140 16 sciences science NOUN flr-177 140 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 141 1 although although SCONJ flr-177 141 2 half half NOUN flr-177 141 3 of of ADP flr-177 141 4 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 141 5 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 141 6 are be AUX flr-177 141 7 awarded award VERB flr-177 141 8 to to ADP flr-177 141 9 women woman NOUN flr-177 141 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 141 11 there there PRON flr-177 141 12 are be VERB flr-177 141 13 still still ADV flr-177 141 14 some some DET flr-177 141 15 gendered gendere VERB flr-177 141 16 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 141 17 differences difference NOUN flr-177 141 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 141 19 auriol auriol NOUN flr-177 141 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 141 21 misu misu PROPN flr-177 141 22 & & CCONJ flr-177 141 23 freeman freeman PROPN flr-177 141 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 141 25 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 141 26 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 141 27 kota kota PROPN flr-177 141 28 - - PUNCT flr-177 141 29 national national PROPN flr-177 141 30 data datum NOUN flr-177 141 31 base base NOUN flr-177 141 32 , , PUNCT flr-177 141 33 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 141 34 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 141 35 puhakka puhakka NOUN flr-177 141 36 & & CCONJ flr-177 141 37 rautapuro rautapuro PROPN flr-177 141 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 141 39 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 141 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 141 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 142 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 142 2 education education NOUN flr-177 142 3 has have AUX flr-177 142 4 become become VERB flr-177 142 5 more more ADV flr-177 142 6 mainstream mainstream ADJ flr-177 142 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 142 8 at at ADP flr-177 142 9 the the DET flr-177 142 10 same same ADJ flr-177 142 11 time time NOUN flr-177 142 12 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 142 13 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 142 14 has have AUX flr-177 142 15 become become VERB flr-177 142 16 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 142 17 important important ADJ flr-177 142 18 in in ADP flr-177 142 19 national national ADJ flr-177 142 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 142 21 education education NOUN flr-177 142 22 policy policy NOUN flr-177 142 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 143 1 one one NUM flr-177 143 2 result result NOUN flr-177 143 3 is be AUX flr-177 143 4 an an DET flr-177 143 5 increased increase VERB flr-177 143 6 number number NOUN flr-177 143 7 of of ADP flr-177 143 8 international international ADJ flr-177 143 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 143 10 students student NOUN flr-177 143 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 144 1 to to PART flr-177 144 2 promote promote VERB flr-177 144 3 this this DET flr-177 144 4 inflow inflow NOUN flr-177 144 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 144 6 the the DET flr-177 144 7 mec mec PROPN flr-177 144 8 provides provide VERB flr-177 144 9 financial financial ADJ flr-177 144 10 support support NOUN flr-177 144 11 to to ADP flr-177 144 12 universities university NOUN flr-177 144 13 to to PART flr-177 144 14 attract attract VERB flr-177 144 15 international international ADJ flr-177 144 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 144 17 students student NOUN flr-177 144 18 earning earn VERB flr-177 144 19 their their PRON flr-177 144 20 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 144 21 in in ADP flr-177 144 22 finland finland PROPN flr-177 144 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 145 1 however however ADV flr-177 145 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 145 3 the the DET flr-177 145 4 proportion proportion NOUN flr-177 145 5 of of ADP flr-177 145 6 foreigners foreigner NOUN flr-177 145 7 in in ADP flr-177 145 8 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 145 9 training training NOUN flr-177 145 10 is be AUX flr-177 145 11 still still ADV flr-177 145 12 relatively relatively ADV flr-177 145 13 low low ADJ flr-177 145 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 145 15 14.8 14.8 NUM flr-177 145 16 % % NOUN flr-177 145 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 145 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 146 1 also also ADV flr-177 146 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 146 3 the the DET flr-177 146 4 outflow outflow NOUN flr-177 146 5 of of ADP flr-177 146 6 finnish finnish ADJ flr-177 146 7 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 146 8 students student NOUN flr-177 146 9 is be AUX flr-177 146 10 slightly slightly ADV flr-177 146 11 higher high ADJ flr-177 146 12 than than ADP flr-177 146 13 the the DET flr-177 146 14 inflow inflow NOUN flr-177 146 15 of of ADP flr-177 146 16 international international ADJ flr-177 146 17 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 146 18 students student NOUN flr-177 146 19 studying study VERB flr-177 146 20 in in ADP flr-177 146 21 finland finland PROPN flr-177 146 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 146 23 garam garam PROPN flr-177 146 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 146 25 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 146 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 146 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 147 1 the the DET flr-177 147 2 need need NOUN flr-177 147 3 to to PART flr-177 147 4 provide provide VERB flr-177 147 5 a a DET flr-177 147 6 highly highly ADV flr-177 147 7 skilled skilled ADJ flr-177 147 8 workforce workforce NOUN flr-177 147 9 for for ADP flr-177 147 10 labour labour NOUN flr-177 147 11 markets market NOUN flr-177 147 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 147 13 the the DET flr-177 147 14 need need NOUN flr-177 147 15 to to PART flr-177 147 16 improve improve VERB flr-177 147 17 the the DET flr-177 147 18 quality quality NOUN flr-177 147 19 of of ADP flr-177 147 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 147 21 education education NOUN flr-177 147 22 has have AUX flr-177 147 23 led lead VERB flr-177 147 24 to to ADP flr-177 147 25 increasing increase VERB flr-177 147 26 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 147 27 of of ADP flr-177 147 28 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 147 29 education education NOUN flr-177 147 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 147 31 niemi niemi PROPN flr-177 147 32 et et PROPN flr-177 147 33 al al PROPN flr-177 147 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 147 35 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 147 36 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 147 37 the the DET flr-177 147 38 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 147 39 school school NOUN flr-177 147 40 working working NOUN flr-177 147 41 group group NOUN flr-177 147 42 , , PUNCT flr-177 147 43 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 147 44 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 147 45 . . PUNCT flr-177 148 1 this this PRON flr-177 148 2 resulted result VERB flr-177 148 3 in in ADP flr-177 148 4 the the DET flr-177 148 5 introduction introduction NOUN flr-177 148 6 of of ADP flr-177 148 7 more more ADV flr-177 148 8 structured structured ADJ flr-177 148 9 forms form NOUN flr-177 148 10 of of ADP flr-177 148 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 148 12 education education NOUN flr-177 148 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 148 14 that that ADV flr-177 148 15 is is ADV flr-177 148 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 148 17 the the DET flr-177 148 18 launching launching NOUN flr-177 148 19 of of ADP flr-177 148 20 a a DET flr-177 148 21 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 148 22 school school NOUN flr-177 148 23 system system NOUN flr-177 148 24 funded fund VERB flr-177 148 25 by by ADP flr-177 148 26 the the DET flr-177 148 27 academy academy PROPN flr-177 148 28 of of ADP flr-177 148 29 finland finland PROPN flr-177 148 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 148 31 finnish finnish PROPN flr-177 148 32 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 148 33 of of ADP flr-177 148 34 education education PROPN flr-177 148 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 148 36 1997 1997 NUM flr-177 148 37 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 148 38 . . PUNCT flr-177 149 1 however however ADV flr-177 149 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 149 3 by by ADP flr-177 149 4 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 149 5 only only ADV flr-177 149 6 about about ADV flr-177 149 7 50 50 NUM flr-177 149 8 % % NOUN flr-177 149 9 of of ADP flr-177 149 10 the the DET flr-177 149 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 149 12 student student NOUN flr-177 149 13 population population NOUN flr-177 149 14 studied study VERB flr-177 149 15 in in ADP flr-177 149 16 these these DET flr-177 149 17 selected select VERB flr-177 149 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 149 19 schools school NOUN flr-177 149 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 150 1 in in ADP flr-177 150 2 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 150 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 150 4 a a DET flr-177 150 5 national national ADJ flr-177 150 6 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 150 7 school school NOUN flr-177 150 8 system system NOUN flr-177 150 9 reform reform NOUN flr-177 150 10 was be AUX flr-177 150 11 implemented implement VERB flr-177 150 12 that that PRON flr-177 150 13 reversed reverse VERB flr-177 150 14 this this PRON flr-177 150 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 150 16 as as ADP flr-177 150 17 a a DET flr-177 150 18 result result NOUN flr-177 150 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 150 20 most most ADJ flr-177 150 21 universities university NOUN flr-177 150 22 adopted adopt VERB flr-177 150 23 a a DET flr-177 150 24 single single ADJ flr-177 150 25 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 150 26 school school NOUN flr-177 150 27 model model NOUN flr-177 150 28 to to PART flr-177 150 29 support support VERB flr-177 150 30 systematic systematic ADJ flr-177 150 31 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 150 32 education education NOUN flr-177 150 33 . . PUNCT flr-177 151 1 now now ADV flr-177 151 2 all all DET flr-177 151 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 151 4 students student NOUN flr-177 151 5 belong belong VERB flr-177 151 6 to to ADP flr-177 151 7 a a DET flr-177 151 8 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 151 9 school school NOUN flr-177 151 10 in in ADP flr-177 151 11 their their PRON flr-177 151 12 university university NOUN flr-177 151 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 151 14 to to ADP flr-177 151 15 one one NUM flr-177 151 16 of of ADP flr-177 151 17 the the DET flr-177 151 18 university university NOUN flr-177 151 19 ’s ’s PART flr-177 151 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 151 21 programs program NOUN flr-177 151 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 152 1 there there PRON flr-177 152 2 are be VERB flr-177 152 3 no no DET flr-177 152 4 tuition tuition NOUN flr-177 152 5 fees fee NOUN flr-177 152 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 152 7 but but CCONJ flr-177 152 8 funding funding NOUN flr-177 152 9 for for ADP flr-177 152 10 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 152 11 studies study NOUN flr-177 152 12 is be AUX flr-177 152 13 not not PART flr-177 152 14 automatically automatically ADV flr-177 152 15 provided provide VERB flr-177 152 16 by by ADP flr-177 152 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 152 18 for for ADP flr-177 152 19 example example NOUN flr-177 152 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 152 21 the the DET flr-177 152 22 universities university NOUN flr-177 152 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 152 24 projects project NOUN flr-177 152 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 152 26 or or CCONJ flr-177 152 27 foundations foundation NOUN flr-177 152 28 for for ADP flr-177 152 29 the the DET flr-177 152 30 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 152 31 students student NOUN flr-177 152 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 153 1 as as ADP flr-177 153 2 a a DET flr-177 153 3 result result NOUN flr-177 153 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 153 5 some some DET flr-177 153 6 students student NOUN flr-177 153 7 receive receive VERB flr-177 153 8 little little ADJ flr-177 153 9 or or CCONJ flr-177 153 10 no no PRON flr-177 153 11 financial financial ADJ flr-177 153 12 support support NOUN flr-177 153 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 154 1 despite despite SCONJ flr-177 154 2 taking take VERB flr-177 154 3 a a DET flr-177 154 4 stance stance NOUN flr-177 154 5 towards towards ADP flr-177 154 6 a a DET flr-177 154 7 more more ADV flr-177 154 8 structured structured ADJ flr-177 154 9 system system NOUN flr-177 154 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 154 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 154 12 studies study NOUN flr-177 154 13 are be AUX flr-177 154 14 still still ADV flr-177 154 15 highly highly ADV flr-177 154 16 research research NOUN flr-177 154 17 intensive intensive ADJ flr-177 154 18 rather rather ADV flr-177 154 19 than than ADP flr-177 154 20 course course NOUN flr-177 154 21 centred centre VERB flr-177 154 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 154 23 niemi niemi PROPN flr-177 154 24 et et PROPN flr-177 154 25 al al PROPN flr-177 154 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 154 27 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 154 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 154 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 155 1 to to PART flr-177 155 2 promote promote VERB flr-177 155 3 the the DET flr-177 155 4 attractiveness attractiveness NOUN flr-177 155 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 155 6 predictability predictability NOUN flr-177 155 7 of of ADP flr-177 155 8 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 155 9 careers career NOUN flr-177 155 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 155 11 a a DET flr-177 155 12 four four NUM flr-177 155 13 stage stage NOUN flr-177 155 14 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 155 15 career career NOUN flr-177 155 16 model model NOUN flr-177 155 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 155 18 first first ADJ flr-177 155 19 stage stage NOUN flr-177 155 20 being be AUX flr-177 155 21 completion completion NOUN flr-177 155 22 of of ADP flr-177 155 23 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 155 24 degree degree NOUN flr-177 155 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 155 26 followed follow VERB flr-177 155 27 by by ADP flr-177 155 28 2 2 NUM flr-177 155 29 - - SYM flr-177 155 30 5 5 NUM flr-177 155 31 year year NOUN flr-177 155 32 post post NOUN flr-177 155 33 andres andres PROPN flr-177 155 34 et et PROPN flr-177 155 35 al al PROPN flr-177 155 36     SPACE flr-177 156 1 | | ADV flr-177 156 2 f f NOUN flr-177 156 3 l l NOUN flr-177 156 4 r r NOUN flr-177 156 5             SPACE flr-177 156 6 12 12 NUM flr-177 156 7     SPACE flr-177 156 8 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 156 9 fellow fellow NOUN flr-177 156 10 that that PRON flr-177 156 11 paves pave VERB flr-177 156 12 the the DET flr-177 156 13 way way NOUN flr-177 156 14 for for ADP flr-177 156 15 becoming become VERB flr-177 156 16 an an DET flr-177 156 17 independent independent ADJ flr-177 156 18 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 156 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 156 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 156 21 finally finally ADV flr-177 156 22 professorships professorship NOUN flr-177 156 23 and and CCONJ flr-177 156 24 research research NOUN flr-177 156 25 directorships directorship NOUN flr-177 156 26 in in ADP flr-177 156 27 the the DET flr-177 156 28 final final ADJ flr-177 156 29 stage stage NOUN flr-177 156 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 156 31 has have AUX flr-177 156 32 been be AUX flr-177 156 33 introduced introduce VERB flr-177 156 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 156 35 academy academy NOUN flr-177 156 36 of of ADP flr-177 156 37 finland finland PROPN flr-177 156 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 156 39 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 156 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 156 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 157 1 also also ADV flr-177 157 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 157 3 a a DET flr-177 157 4 tenure tenure NOUN flr-177 157 5 track track NOUN flr-177 157 6 system system NOUN flr-177 157 7 that that PRON flr-177 157 8 aims aim VERB flr-177 157 9 to to PART flr-177 157 10 promote promote VERB flr-177 157 11 the the DET flr-177 157 12 shift shift NOUN flr-177 157 13 between between ADP flr-177 157 14 stages stage NOUN flr-177 157 15 three three NUM flr-177 157 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 157 17 four four NUM flr-177 157 18 has have AUX flr-177 157 19 been be AUX flr-177 157 20 introduced introduce VERB flr-177 157 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 158 1 the the DET flr-177 158 2 employment employment NOUN flr-177 158 3 rate rate NOUN flr-177 158 4 of of ADP flr-177 158 5 the the DET flr-177 158 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 158 7 degree degree NOUN flr-177 158 8 holders holder NOUN flr-177 158 9 is be AUX flr-177 158 10 extremely extremely ADV flr-177 158 11 high high ADJ flr-177 158 12 97.6 97.6 NUM flr-177 158 13 % % NOUN flr-177 158 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 158 15 treuthardt treuthardt ADJ flr-177 158 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 158 17 & & CCONJ flr-177 158 18 nuutinen nuutinen NOUN flr-177 158 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 158 20 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 158 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 158 22 and and CCONJ flr-177 158 23 the the DET flr-177 158 24 majority majority NOUN flr-177 158 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 158 26 about about ADV flr-177 158 27 80 80 NUM flr-177 158 28 % % NOUN flr-177 158 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 158 30 work work NOUN flr-177 158 31 at at ADP flr-177 158 32 the the DET flr-177 158 33 universities university NOUN flr-177 158 34 or or CCONJ flr-177 158 35 research research NOUN flr-177 158 36 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 158 37 in in ADP flr-177 158 38 finland finland PROPN flr-177 158 39 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 158 40 sainio sainio NOUN flr-177 158 41 , , PUNCT flr-177 158 42 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 158 43 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 158 44 the the DET flr-177 158 45 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 158 46 school school NOUN flr-177 158 47 working working NOUN flr-177 158 48 group group NOUN flr-177 158 49 , , PUNCT flr-177 158 50 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 158 51 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 158 52 . . PUNCT flr-177 159 1 this this PRON flr-177 159 2 may may AUX flr-177 159 3 explain explain VERB flr-177 159 4 why why SCONJ flr-177 159 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 159 6 despite despite SCONJ flr-177 159 7 the the DET flr-177 159 8 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-177 159 9 on on ADP flr-177 159 10 learning learn VERB flr-177 159 11 transferable transferable ADJ flr-177 159 12 skills skill NOUN flr-177 159 13 in in ADP flr-177 159 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 159 15 education education NOUN flr-177 159 16 policy policy NOUN flr-177 159 17 documents document NOUN flr-177 159 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 159 19 academy academy NOUN flr-177 159 20 of of ADP flr-177 159 21 finland finland PROPN flr-177 159 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 159 23 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 159 24 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 159 25 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 159 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 159 27 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 159 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 159 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 159 30 efforts effort NOUN flr-177 159 31 to to PART flr-177 159 32 ensure ensure VERB flr-177 159 33 and and CCONJ flr-177 159 34 support support VERB flr-177 159 35 work work NOUN flr-177 159 36 / / SYM flr-177 159 37 life life NOUN flr-177 159 38 relevance relevance NOUN flr-177 159 39 have have AUX flr-177 159 40 still still ADV flr-177 159 41 remained remain VERB flr-177 159 42 somewhat somewhat ADV flr-177 159 43 minor minor ADJ flr-177 159 44 at at ADP flr-177 159 45 universities university NOUN flr-177 159 46 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 159 47 niemi niemi PROPN flr-177 159 48 et et PROPN flr-177 159 49 al al PROPN flr-177 159 50 , , PUNCT flr-177 159 51 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 159 52 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 159 53 . . PUNCT flr-177 160 1 the the DET flr-177 160 2 bologna bologna NOUN flr-177 160 3 process process NOUN flr-177 160 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 160 5 adaptation adaptation NOUN flr-177 160 6 to to ADP flr-177 160 7 the the DET flr-177 160 8 european european ADJ flr-177 160 9 qualifications qualification NOUN flr-177 160 10 framework framework NOUN flr-177 160 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 160 12 eqf eqf PROPN flr-177 160 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 160 14 to to PART flr-177 160 15 increase increase VERB flr-177 160 16 the the DET flr-177 160 17 potential potential NOUN flr-177 160 18 to to PART flr-177 160 19 promote promote VERB flr-177 160 20 international international ADJ flr-177 160 21 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 160 22 and and CCONJ flr-177 160 23 to to PART flr-177 160 24 facilitate facilitate VERB flr-177 160 25 equal equal ADJ flr-177 160 26 participation participation NOUN flr-177 160 27 in in ADP flr-177 160 28 european european ADJ flr-177 160 29 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 160 30 programs program NOUN flr-177 160 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 160 32 berlin berlin PROPN flr-177 160 33 communiqué communiqué NOUN flr-177 160 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 160 35 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 160 36 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 160 37 bucharest bucharest NOUN flr-177 160 38 communiqué communiqué PROPN flr-177 160 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 160 40 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 160 41 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 160 42 european european PROPN flr-177 160 43 commission commission PROPN flr-177 160 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 160 45 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 160 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 160 47 has have AUX flr-177 160 48 resulted result VERB flr-177 160 49 in in ADP flr-177 160 50 the the DET flr-177 160 51 enhancement enhancement NOUN flr-177 160 52 of of ADP flr-177 160 53 quality quality NOUN flr-177 160 54 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 160 55 in in ADP flr-177 160 56 finnish finnish ADJ flr-177 160 57 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 160 58 education education NOUN flr-177 160 59 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 160 60 the the DET flr-177 160 61 graduate graduate PROPN flr-177 160 62 school school NOUN flr-177 160 63 working working NOUN flr-177 160 64 group group NOUN flr-177 160 65 , , PUNCT flr-177 160 66 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 160 67 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 160 68 and and CCONJ flr-177 160 69 engagement engagement NOUN flr-177 160 70 in in ADP flr-177 160 71 international international ADJ flr-177 160 72 benchmarking benchmarking NOUN flr-177 160 73 and and CCONJ flr-177 160 74 global global ADJ flr-177 160 75 ranking ranking ADJ flr-177 160 76 systems system NOUN flr-177 160 77 . . PUNCT flr-177 161 1 quality quality NOUN flr-177 161 2 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 161 3 developments development NOUN flr-177 161 4 have have AUX flr-177 161 5 included include VERB flr-177 161 6 setting set VERB flr-177 161 7 the the DET flr-177 161 8 target target NOUN flr-177 161 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 161 10 completion completion NOUN flr-177 161 11 time time NOUN flr-177 161 12 at at ADP flr-177 161 13 four four NUM flr-177 161 14 years year NOUN flr-177 161 15 of of ADP flr-177 161 16 full full ADJ flr-177 161 17 - - PUNCT flr-177 161 18 time time NOUN flr-177 161 19 study study NOUN flr-177 161 20 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 161 21 however however ADV flr-177 161 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 161 23 time time NOUN flr-177 161 24 to to ADP flr-177 161 25 graduation graduation NOUN flr-177 161 26 has have AUX flr-177 161 27 remained remain VERB flr-177 161 28 almost almost ADV flr-177 161 29 unchanged unchanged ADJ flr-177 161 30 at at ADP flr-177 161 31 six six NUM flr-177 161 32 to to PART flr-177 161 33 seven seven NUM flr-177 161 34 years year NOUN flr-177 161 35 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 161 36 sainio sainio NOUN flr-177 161 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 161 38 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 161 39 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 161 40 , , PUNCT flr-177 161 41 also also ADV flr-177 161 42 , , PUNCT flr-177 161 43 launching launch VERB flr-177 161 44 the the DET flr-177 161 45 finnish finnish ADJ flr-177 161 46 higher high ADJ flr-177 161 47 education education NOUN flr-177 161 48 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 161 49 council council NOUN flr-177 161 50 that that PRON flr-177 161 51 carries carry VERB flr-177 161 52 out out ADP flr-177 161 53 audits audits NOUN flr-177 161 54 of of ADP flr-177 161 55 quality quality NOUN flr-177 161 56 systems system NOUN flr-177 161 57 of of ADP flr-177 161 58 the the DET flr-177 161 59 universities university NOUN flr-177 161 60 and and CCONJ flr-177 161 61 assists assist VERB flr-177 161 62 universities university NOUN flr-177 161 63 in in ADP flr-177 161 64 thematic thematic ADJ flr-177 161 65 and and CCONJ flr-177 161 66 research research NOUN flr-177 161 67 evaluations evaluation NOUN flr-177 161 68 , , PUNCT flr-177 161 69 including include VERB flr-177 161 70 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 161 71 education education NOUN flr-177 161 72 , , PUNCT flr-177 161 73 is be AUX flr-177 161 74 another another DET flr-177 161 75 development development NOUN flr-177 161 76 . . PUNCT flr-177 162 1 4.5 4.5 NUM flr-177 162 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 163 1 united united PROPN flr-177 163 2 kingdom kingdom PROPN flr-177 163 3 even even ADV flr-177 163 4 before before ADP flr-177 163 5 its its PRON flr-177 163 6 inclusion inclusion NOUN flr-177 163 7 in in ADP flr-177 163 8 the the DET flr-177 163 9 bologna bologna NOUN flr-177 163 10 qualifications qualification NOUN flr-177 163 11 framework framework NOUN flr-177 163 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 163 13 uk uk PROPN flr-177 163 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 163 15 education education NOUN flr-177 163 16 had have AUX flr-177 163 17 emerged emerge VERB flr-177 163 18 as as ADP flr-177 163 19 an an DET flr-177 163 20 area area NOUN flr-177 163 21 of of ADP flr-177 163 22 some some DET flr-177 163 23 interest interest NOUN flr-177 163 24 to to ADP flr-177 163 25 policy policy NOUN flr-177 163 26 makers maker NOUN flr-177 163 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 164 1 this this DET flr-177 164 2 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN flr-177 164 3 can can AUX flr-177 164 4 be be AUX flr-177 164 5 related relate VERB flr-177 164 6 to to ADP flr-177 164 7 the the DET flr-177 164 8 growing grow VERB flr-177 164 9 significance significance NOUN flr-177 164 10 attached attach VERB flr-177 164 11 to to ADP flr-177 164 12 the the DET flr-177 164 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 164 14 economy economy NOUN flr-177 164 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 164 16 to to PART flr-177 164 17 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 164 18 education education NOUN flr-177 164 19 as as ADP flr-177 164 20 a a DET flr-177 164 21 training training NOUN flr-177 164 22 ground ground NOUN flr-177 164 23 for for ADP flr-177 164 24 professional professional ADJ flr-177 164 25 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 164 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 164 27 both both CCONJ flr-177 164 28 within within ADP flr-177 164 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 164 30 outside outside ADP flr-177 164 31 of of ADP flr-177 164 32 the the DET flr-177 164 33 academy academy NOUN flr-177 164 34 . . PUNCT flr-177 165 1 although although SCONJ flr-177 165 2 the the DET flr-177 165 3 data datum NOUN flr-177 165 4 presented present VERB flr-177 165 5 by by ADP flr-177 165 6 the the DET flr-177 165 7 uk uk PROPN flr-177 165 8 ’s ’s PART flr-177 165 9 higher high ADJ flr-177 165 10 education education PROPN flr-177 165 11 statistics statistics PROPN flr-177 165 12 agency agency PROPN flr-177 165 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 165 14 hesa hesa PROPN flr-177 165 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 165 16 on on ADP flr-177 165 17 students student NOUN flr-177 165 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 165 19 qualifiers qualifier NOUN flr-177 165 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 165 21 higher high ADJ flr-177 165 22 education education NOUN flr-177 165 23 statistics statistics PROPN flr-177 165 24 agency agency PROPN flr-177 165 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 165 26 n.d n.d PROPN flr-177 165 27 . . PROPN flr-177 165 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 165 29 suggests suggest VERB flr-177 165 30 that that SCONJ flr-177 165 31 the the DET flr-177 165 32 number number NOUN flr-177 165 33 of of ADP flr-177 165 34 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 165 35 graduates graduate NOUN flr-177 165 36 in in ADP flr-177 165 37 the the DET flr-177 165 38 uk uk PROPN flr-177 165 39 has have AUX flr-177 165 40 tripled triple VERB flr-177 165 41 from from ADP flr-177 165 42 7,000 7,000 NUM flr-177 165 43 in in ADP flr-177 165 44 1994 1994 NUM flr-177 165 45 - - SYM flr-177 165 46 5 5 NUM flr-177 165 47 to to PART flr-177 165 48 22,000 22,000 NUM flr-177 165 49 in in ADP flr-177 165 50 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 165 51 - - SYM flr-177 165 52 13 13 NUM flr-177 165 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 54 early early ADJ flr-177 165 55 concerns concern NOUN flr-177 165 56 emerged emerge VERB flr-177 165 57 during during ADP flr-177 165 58 this this DET flr-177 165 59 period period NOUN flr-177 165 60 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 165 61 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 165 62 harris harris PROPN flr-177 165 63 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 64 1996 1996 NUM flr-177 165 65 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 165 66 national national ADJ flr-177 165 67 committee committee NOUN flr-177 165 68 of of ADP flr-177 165 69 inquiry inquiry NOUN flr-177 165 70 into into ADP flr-177 165 71 higher high ADJ flr-177 165 72 education education NOUN flr-177 165 73 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 74 1997 1997 NUM flr-177 165 75 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 165 76 about about ADP flr-177 165 77 whether whether SCONJ flr-177 165 78 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 165 79 education education NOUN flr-177 165 80 was be AUX flr-177 165 81 producing produce VERB flr-177 165 82 the the DET flr-177 165 83 highly highly ADV flr-177 165 84 skilled skilled ADJ flr-177 165 85 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 165 86 workers worker NOUN flr-177 165 87 required require VERB flr-177 165 88 by by ADP flr-177 165 89 the the DET flr-177 165 90 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 165 91 economy economy NOUN flr-177 165 92 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 93 particularly particularly ADV flr-177 165 94 in in ADP flr-177 165 95 science science NOUN flr-177 165 96 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 97 technology technology NOUN flr-177 165 98 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 99 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 165 100 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 101 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-177 165 102 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 103 and and CCONJ flr-177 165 104 medicine medicine NOUN flr-177 165 105 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 106 that that ADV flr-177 165 107 is is ADV flr-177 165 108 , , PUNCT flr-177 165 109 the the DET flr-177 165 110 so so ADV flr-177 165 111 - - PUNCT flr-177 165 112 called call VERB flr-177 165 113 stemm stemm NOUN flr-177 165 114 subjects subject NOUN flr-177 165 115 . . PUNCT flr-177 166 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 166 2 education education NOUN flr-177 166 3 was be AUX flr-177 166 4 considered consider VERB flr-177 166 5 to to PART flr-177 166 6 be be AUX flr-177 166 7 overspecialised overspecialise VERB flr-177 166 8 and and CCONJ flr-177 166 9 not not PART flr-177 166 10 providing provide VERB flr-177 166 11 training training NOUN flr-177 166 12 in in ADP flr-177 166 13 generic generic ADJ flr-177 166 14 skills skill NOUN flr-177 166 15 relevant relevant ADJ flr-177 166 16 to to ADP flr-177 166 17 industry industry NOUN flr-177 166 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 166 19 commerce commerce NOUN flr-177 166 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 167 1 in in ADP flr-177 167 2 addition addition NOUN flr-177 167 3 to to ADP flr-177 167 4 questions question NOUN flr-177 167 5 about about ADP flr-177 167 6 whether whether SCONJ flr-177 167 7 its its PRON flr-177 167 8 assessment assessment NOUN flr-177 167 9 mode mode NOUN flr-177 167 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 167 11 a a DET flr-177 167 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 167 13 thesis thesis NOUN flr-177 167 14 judged judge VERB flr-177 167 15 in in ADP flr-177 167 16 a a DET flr-177 167 17 viva viva X flr-177 167 18 voce voce NOUN flr-177 167 19 examination examination PROPN flr-177 167 20 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 167 21 was be AUX flr-177 167 22 fair fair ADJ flr-177 167 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 167 24 morley morley PROPN flr-177 167 25 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 167 26 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 167 27 morley morley PROPN flr-177 167 28 et et PROPN flr-177 167 29 al al PROPN flr-177 167 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 31 2002 2002 NUM flr-177 167 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 167 33 but but CCONJ flr-177 167 34 also also ADV flr-177 167 35 appropriate appropriate ADJ flr-177 167 36 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 167 37 park park NOUN flr-177 167 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 39 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 167 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 167 41 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 42 given give VERB flr-177 167 43 the the DET flr-177 167 44 wider wide ADJ flr-177 167 45 range range NOUN flr-177 167 46 of of ADP flr-177 167 47 skills skill NOUN flr-177 167 48 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-177 167 49 expected expect VERB flr-177 167 50 within within ADP flr-177 167 51 the the DET flr-177 167 52 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 167 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 54 other other ADJ flr-177 167 55 concerns concern NOUN flr-177 167 56 included include VERB flr-177 167 57 low low ADJ flr-177 167 58 and and CCONJ flr-177 167 59 lengthy lengthy ADJ flr-177 167 60 completion completion NOUN flr-177 167 61 rates rate NOUN flr-177 167 62 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 63 low low ADJ flr-177 167 64 numbers number NOUN flr-177 167 65 entering enter VERB flr-177 167 66 stemm stemm NOUN flr-177 167 67 subjects subject NOUN flr-177 167 68 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 69 and and CCONJ flr-177 167 70 gender gender NOUN flr-177 167 71 biases bias NOUN flr-177 167 72 in in ADP flr-177 167 73 these these DET flr-177 167 74 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-177 167 75 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 167 76 harris harris PROPN flr-177 167 77 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 78 1996 1996 NUM flr-177 167 79 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 167 80 institute institute NOUN flr-177 167 81 of of ADP flr-177 167 82 employment employment NOUN flr-177 167 83 research research NOUN flr-177 167 84 , , PUNCT flr-177 167 85 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 167 86 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 167 87 . . PUNCT flr-177 168 1 a a DET flr-177 168 2 key key ADJ flr-177 168 3 concern concern NOUN flr-177 168 4 during during ADP flr-177 168 5 this this DET flr-177 168 6 period period NOUN flr-177 168 7 has have AUX flr-177 168 8 therefore therefore ADV flr-177 168 9 been be AUX flr-177 168 10 to to PART flr-177 168 11 intensify intensify VERB flr-177 168 12 quality quality NOUN flr-177 168 13 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 168 14 of of ADP flr-177 168 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 168 16 education education NOUN flr-177 168 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 169 1 quality quality NOUN flr-177 169 2 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 169 3 agency agency NOUN flr-177 169 4 for for ADP flr-177 169 5 higher high ADJ flr-177 169 6 education education NOUN flr-177 169 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 169 8 qaa qaa PROPN flr-177 169 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 169 10 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 169 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 169 12 introduced introduce VERB flr-177 169 13 national national ADJ flr-177 169 14 guidelines guideline NOUN flr-177 169 15 regarding regard VERB flr-177 169 16 the the DET flr-177 169 17 frequency frequency NOUN flr-177 169 18 of of ADP flr-177 169 19 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 169 20 supervision supervision NOUN flr-177 169 21 meetings meeting NOUN flr-177 169 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 169 23 who who PRON flr-177 169 24 can can AUX flr-177 169 25 be be AUX flr-177 169 26 a a DET flr-177 169 27 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 169 28 supervisor supervisor NOUN flr-177 169 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 169 30 the the DET flr-177 169 31 monitoring monitoring NOUN flr-177 169 32 of of ADP flr-177 169 33 student student NOUN flr-177 169 34 progress progress NOUN flr-177 169 35 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 169 36 overlapping overlap VERB flr-177 169 37 uncomfortably uncomfortably ADV flr-177 169 38 with with ADP flr-177 169 39 immigration immigration NOUN flr-177 169 40 - - PUNCT flr-177 169 41 related relate VERB flr-177 169 42 monitoring monitoring NOUN flr-177 169 43 of of ADP flr-177 169 44 international international ADJ flr-177 169 45 students student NOUN flr-177 169 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 169 47 , , PUNCT flr-177 169 48 and and CCONJ flr-177 169 49 use use NOUN flr-177 169 50 of of ADP flr-177 169 51 completion completion NOUN flr-177 169 52 rates rate NOUN flr-177 169 53 as as ADP flr-177 169 54 a a DET flr-177 169 55 quality quality NOUN flr-177 169 56 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 169 57 measure measure NOUN flr-177 169 58 . . PUNCT flr-177 170 1 new new ADJ flr-177 170 2 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 170 3 roles role NOUN flr-177 170 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 170 5 practices practice NOUN flr-177 170 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 170 7 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-177 170 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 170 9 specialist specialist NOUN flr-177 170 10 consultants consultant NOUN flr-177 170 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 170 12 specialized specialized ADJ flr-177 170 13 software software NOUN flr-177 170 14 for for ADP flr-177 170 15 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 170 16 monitoring monitoring NOUN flr-177 170 17 of of ADP flr-177 170 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 170 19 education education NOUN flr-177 170 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 170 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 170 22 new new ADJ flr-177 170 23 academic academic ADJ flr-177 170 24 specialisations specialisation NOUN flr-177 170 25 such such ADJ flr-177 170 26 as as ADP flr-177 170 27 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 170 28 pedagogy pedagogy NOUN flr-177 170 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 170 30 have have AUX flr-177 170 31 evolved evolve VERB flr-177 170 32 in in ADP flr-177 170 33 response response NOUN flr-177 170 34 to to ADP flr-177 170 35 these these DET flr-177 170 36 regulatory regulatory ADJ flr-177 170 37 demands demand NOUN flr-177 170 38 . . PUNCT flr-177 171 1 uk uk PROPN flr-177 171 2 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 171 3 education education NOUN flr-177 171 4 has have AUX flr-177 171 5 also also ADV flr-177 171 6 seen see VERB flr-177 171 7 a a DET flr-177 171 8 strong strong ADJ flr-177 171 9 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-177 171 10 on on ADP flr-177 171 11 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 171 12 training training NOUN flr-177 171 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 171 14 framed frame VERB flr-177 171 15 in in ADP flr-177 171 16 a a DET flr-177 171 17 discourse discourse NOUN flr-177 171 18 of of ADP flr-177 171 19 individual individual ADJ flr-177 171 20 skills skill NOUN flr-177 171 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 171 22 competences competence NOUN flr-177 171 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 172 1 a a DET flr-177 172 2 review review NOUN flr-177 172 3 by by ADP flr-177 172 4 roberts roberts PROPN flr-177 172 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 172 6 2002 2002 NUM flr-177 172 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 172 8 was be AUX flr-177 172 9 largely largely ADV flr-177 172 10 prompted prompt VERB flr-177 172 11 by by ADP flr-177 172 12 concerns concern NOUN flr-177 172 13 about about ADP flr-177 172 14 the the DET flr-177 172 15 supply supply NOUN flr-177 172 16 of of ADP flr-177 172 17 scientists scientist NOUN flr-177 172 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 172 19 engineers engineer NOUN flr-177 172 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 172 21 found find VERB flr-177 172 22 that that SCONJ flr-177 172 23 the the DET flr-177 172 24 phd phd NOUN flr-177 172 25 provided provide VERB flr-177 172 26 “ " PUNCT flr-177 172 27 inadequate inadequate ADJ flr-177 172 28 training training NOUN flr-177 172 29 – – PUNCT flr-177 172 30 particularly particularly ADV flr-177 172 31 in in ADP flr-177 172 32 the the DET flr-177 172 33 more more ADV flr-177 172 34 transferable transferable ADJ flr-177 172 35 skills skill NOUN flr-177 172 36 ” " PUNCT flr-177 172 37 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 172 38 p.10 p.10 NOUN flr-177 172 39 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 172 40 . . PUNCT flr-177 173 1 having having AUX flr-177 173 2 been be AUX flr-177 173 3 constituted constitute VERB flr-177 173 4 in in ADP flr-177 173 5 2005 2005 NUM flr-177 173 6 to to PART flr-177 173 7 evaluate evaluate VERB flr-177 173 8 the the DET flr-177 173 9 impact impact NOUN flr-177 173 10 of of ADP flr-177 173 11 the the DET flr-177 173 12 “ " PUNCT flr-177 173 13 roberts roberts PROPN flr-177 173 14 ” " PUNCT flr-177 173 15 funding funding NOUN flr-177 173 16 stream stream NOUN flr-177 173 17 that that PRON flr-177 173 18 was be AUX flr-177 173 19 then then ADV flr-177 173 20 created create VERB flr-177 173 21 to to PART flr-177 173 22 support support VERB flr-177 173 23 such such ADJ flr-177 173 24 training training NOUN flr-177 173 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 173 26 the the DET flr-177 173 27 sector sector NOUN flr-177 173 28 working working NOUN flr-177 173 29 group group NOUN flr-177 173 30 on on ADP flr-177 173 31 the the DET flr-177 173 32 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 173 33 andres andre NOUN flr-177 173 34 et et PROPN flr-177 173 35 al al PROPN flr-177 173 36     SPACE flr-177 174 1 | | ADV flr-177 174 2 f f NOUN flr-177 174 3 l l NOUN flr-177 174 4 r r NOUN flr-177 174 5             SPACE flr-177 174 6 13 13 NUM flr-177 174 7     SPACE flr-177 174 8 of of ADP flr-177 174 9 skills skill NOUN flr-177 174 10 development development NOUN flr-177 174 11 of of ADP flr-177 174 12 early early ADJ flr-177 174 13 career career NOUN flr-177 174 14 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 174 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 174 16 known know VERB flr-177 174 17 as as ADP flr-177 174 18 the the DET flr-177 174 19 “ " PUNCT flr-177 174 20 rugby rugby NOUN flr-177 174 21 team team NOUN flr-177 174 22 ” " PUNCT flr-177 174 23 also also ADV flr-177 174 24 promulgated promulgate VERB flr-177 174 25 the the DET flr-177 174 26 concept concept NOUN flr-177 174 27 of of ADP flr-177 174 28 “ " PUNCT flr-177 174 29 early early ADJ flr-177 174 30 career career NOUN flr-177 174 31 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 174 32 ” " PUNCT flr-177 174 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 174 34 ecr ecr PROPN flr-177 174 35 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 174 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 174 37 defined define VERB flr-177 174 38 as as ADP flr-177 174 39 encompassing encompass VERB flr-177 174 40 the the DET flr-177 174 41 first first ADJ flr-177 174 42 10 10 NUM flr-177 174 43 years year NOUN flr-177 174 44 of of ADP flr-177 174 45 a a DET flr-177 174 46 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 174 47 ’s ’s PART flr-177 174 48 postgraduate postgraduate NOUN flr-177 174 49 career career NOUN flr-177 174 50 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 174 51 rugby rugby NOUN flr-177 174 52 team team NOUN flr-177 174 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 174 54 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 174 55 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 174 56 . . PUNCT flr-177 175 1 their their PRON flr-177 175 2 work work NOUN flr-177 175 3 also also ADV flr-177 175 4 informed inform VERB flr-177 175 5 the the DET flr-177 175 6 constitution constitution NOUN flr-177 175 7 of of ADP flr-177 175 8 vitae vitae NOUN flr-177 175 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 175 10 a a DET flr-177 175 11 nationallyfunded nationallyfunded ADJ flr-177 175 12 body body NOUN flr-177 175 13 that that PRON flr-177 175 14 promotes promote VERB flr-177 175 15 but but CCONJ flr-177 175 16 also also ADV flr-177 175 17 shapes shape VERB flr-177 175 18 uk uk PROPN flr-177 175 19 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 175 20 training training NOUN flr-177 175 21 through through ADP flr-177 175 22 instruments instrument NOUN flr-177 175 23 such such ADJ flr-177 175 24 as as ADP flr-177 175 25 its its PRON flr-177 175 26 “ " PUNCT flr-177 175 27 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 175 28 development development NOUN flr-177 175 29 framework framework NOUN flr-177 175 30 ” " PUNCT flr-177 175 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 175 32 rdf rdf NOUN flr-177 175 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 175 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 175 35 vitae vitae NOUN flr-177 175 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 175 37 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 175 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 175 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 175 40 a a DET flr-177 175 41 text text NOUN flr-177 175 42 that that PRON flr-177 175 43 continues continue VERB flr-177 175 44 to to PART flr-177 175 45 reflect reflect VERB flr-177 175 46 the the DET flr-177 175 47 language language NOUN flr-177 175 48 of of ADP flr-177 175 49 skills skill NOUN flr-177 175 50 and and CCONJ flr-177 175 51 competences competence NOUN flr-177 175 52 . . PUNCT flr-177 176 1 vitae vitae NOUN flr-177 176 2 is be AUX flr-177 176 3 now now ADV flr-177 176 4 promoting promote VERB flr-177 176 5 its its PRON flr-177 176 6 rdf rdf NOUN flr-177 176 7 to to ADP flr-177 176 8 european european ADJ flr-177 176 9 audiences audience NOUN flr-177 176 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 176 11 more more ADV flr-177 176 12 widely widely ADV flr-177 176 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 176 14 projecting project VERB flr-177 176 15 the the DET flr-177 176 16 uk uk PROPN flr-177 176 17 as as ADP flr-177 176 18 a a DET flr-177 176 19 leader leader NOUN flr-177 176 20 in in ADP flr-177 176 21 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 176 22 education education NOUN flr-177 176 23 provision provision NOUN flr-177 176 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 177 1 maintaining maintain VERB flr-177 177 2 a a DET flr-177 177 3 high high ADJ flr-177 177 4 level level NOUN flr-177 177 5 of of ADP flr-177 177 6 international international ADJ flr-177 177 7 postgraduate postgraduate NOUN flr-177 177 8 admissions admission NOUN flr-177 177 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 177 10 currently currently ADV flr-177 177 11 around around ADP flr-177 177 12 one one NUM flr-177 177 13 third third NOUN flr-177 177 14 of of ADP flr-177 177 15 the the DET flr-177 177 16 annual annual ADJ flr-177 177 17 intake intake NOUN flr-177 177 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 177 19 is be AUX flr-177 177 20 a a DET flr-177 177 21 further far ADV flr-177 177 22 important important ADJ flr-177 177 23 priority priority NOUN flr-177 177 24 for for ADP flr-177 177 25 heis heis PROPN flr-177 177 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 177 27 universities university NOUN flr-177 177 28 uk uk PROPN flr-177 177 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 177 30 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 177 31 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 177 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 178 1 uk uk PROPN flr-177 178 2 research research PROPN flr-177 178 3 council council PROPN flr-177 178 4 support support NOUN flr-177 178 5 for for ADP flr-177 178 6 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 178 7 research research NOUN flr-177 178 8 has have AUX flr-177 178 9 also also ADV flr-177 178 10 become become VERB flr-177 178 11 more more ADV flr-177 178 12 focused focused ADJ flr-177 178 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 179 1 whereas whereas SCONJ flr-177 179 2 in in ADP flr-177 179 3 the the DET flr-177 179 4 past past NOUN flr-177 179 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 179 6 applicants applicant NOUN flr-177 179 7 from from ADP flr-177 179 8 a a DET flr-177 179 9 wide wide ADJ flr-177 179 10 range range NOUN flr-177 179 11 of of ADP flr-177 179 12 universities university NOUN flr-177 179 13 could could AUX flr-177 179 14 apply apply VERB flr-177 179 15 for for ADP flr-177 179 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 179 17 studentships studentship NOUN flr-177 179 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 179 19 these these PRON flr-177 179 20 are be AUX flr-177 179 21 now now ADV flr-177 179 22 awarded award VERB flr-177 179 23 through through ADP flr-177 179 24 a a DET flr-177 179 25 national national ADJ flr-177 179 26 network network NOUN flr-177 179 27 of of ADP flr-177 179 28 “ " PUNCT flr-177 179 29 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 179 30 training training NOUN flr-177 179 31 centres centre NOUN flr-177 179 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 179 33 dtcs dtcs NOUN flr-177 179 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 179 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 179 36 ” " PUNCT flr-177 179 37 accredited accredit VERB flr-177 179 38 by by ADP flr-177 179 39 the the DET flr-177 179 40 research research NOUN flr-177 179 41 councils council NOUN flr-177 179 42 to to PART flr-177 179 43 award award VERB flr-177 179 44 “ " PUNCT flr-177 179 45 mres mre NOUN flr-177 179 46 ” " PUNCT flr-177 179 47 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 179 48 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 179 49 a a DET flr-177 179 50 structured structured ADJ flr-177 179 51 masters master NOUN flr-177 179 52 ’ ' PUNCT flr-177 179 53 degree degree NOUN flr-177 179 54 devoted devote VERB flr-177 179 55 to to ADP flr-177 179 56 research research NOUN flr-177 179 57 methods method NOUN flr-177 179 58 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 179 59 . . PUNCT flr-177 180 1 in in ADP flr-177 180 2 the the DET flr-177 180 3 social social ADJ flr-177 180 4 sciences science NOUN flr-177 180 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 180 6 there there PRON flr-177 180 7 are be VERB flr-177 180 8 only only ADV flr-177 180 9 21 21 NUM flr-177 180 10 dtcs dtcs NOUN flr-177 180 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 180 12 so so ADV flr-177 180 13 many many ADJ flr-177 180 14 universities university NOUN flr-177 180 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 180 16 particularly particularly ADV flr-177 180 17 “ " PUNCT flr-177 180 18 newer new ADJ flr-177 180 19 ” " PUNCT flr-177 180 20 universities university NOUN flr-177 180 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 180 22 are be AUX flr-177 180 23 excluded exclude VERB flr-177 180 24 from from ADP flr-177 180 25 accessing access VERB flr-177 180 26 these these DET flr-177 180 27 studentships studentship NOUN flr-177 180 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 181 1 this this PRON flr-177 181 2 raises raise VERB flr-177 181 3 potential potential ADJ flr-177 181 4 equity equity NOUN flr-177 181 5 questions question NOUN flr-177 181 6 which which PRON flr-177 181 7 require require VERB flr-177 181 8 further further ADJ flr-177 181 9 research research NOUN flr-177 181 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 181 11 as as SCONJ flr-177 181 12 does do VERB flr-177 181 13 the the DET flr-177 181 14 intensification intensification NOUN flr-177 181 15 of of ADP flr-177 181 16 a a DET flr-177 181 17 research research NOUN flr-177 181 18 “ " PUNCT flr-177 181 19 training training NOUN flr-177 181 20 ” " PUNCT flr-177 181 21 agenda agenda NOUN flr-177 181 22 that that PRON flr-177 181 23 aspires aspire VERB flr-177 181 24 to to PART flr-177 181 25 incorporate incorporate VERB flr-177 181 26 a a DET flr-177 181 27 wider wide ADJ flr-177 181 28 range range NOUN flr-177 181 29 of of ADP flr-177 181 30 skills skill NOUN flr-177 181 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 181 32 but but CCONJ flr-177 181 33 within within ADP flr-177 181 34 a a DET flr-177 181 35 timeframe timeframe NOUN flr-177 181 36 whose whose DET flr-177 181 37 boundaries boundary NOUN flr-177 181 38 are be AUX flr-177 181 39 more more ADV flr-177 181 40 firmly firmly ADV flr-177 181 41 regulated regulate VERB flr-177 181 42 . . PUNCT flr-177 182 1 4.6 4.6 X flr-177 182 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 182 3 united united PROPN flr-177 182 4 states states PROPN flr-177 182 5 with with ADP flr-177 182 6 greater great ADJ flr-177 182 7 numbers number NOUN flr-177 182 8 pursuing pursue VERB flr-177 182 9 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 182 10 than than ADP flr-177 182 11 ever ever ADV flr-177 182 12 before before ADV flr-177 182 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 182 14 the the DET flr-177 182 15 notion notion NOUN flr-177 182 16 of of ADP flr-177 182 17 a a DET flr-177 182 18 traditional traditional ADJ flr-177 182 19 research research NOUN flr-177 182 20 phd phd NOUN flr-177 182 21 is be AUX flr-177 182 22 expanding expand VERB flr-177 182 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 183 1 the the DET flr-177 183 2 federal federal ADJ flr-177 183 3 survey survey NOUN flr-177 183 4 of of ADP flr-177 183 5 earned earn VERB flr-177 183 6 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 183 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 183 8 sed se VERB flr-177 183 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 183 10 reported report VERB flr-177 183 11 that that SCONJ flr-177 183 12 there there PRON flr-177 183 13 were be VERB flr-177 183 14 52,760 52,760 NUM flr-177 183 15 earned earn VERB flr-177 183 16 research research NOUN flr-177 183 17 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 183 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 183 19 phds phds NOUN flr-177 183 20 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 183 21 awarded award VERB flr-177 183 22 from from ADP flr-177 183 23 421 421 NUM flr-177 183 24 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 183 25 granting grant VERB flr-177 183 26 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 183 27 in in ADP flr-177 183 28 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 183 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 184 1 this this PRON flr-177 184 2 represents represent VERB flr-177 184 3 a a DET flr-177 184 4 3.5 3.5 NUM flr-177 184 5 % % NOUN flr-177 184 6 increase increase NOUN flr-177 184 7 from from ADP flr-177 184 8 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 184 9 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 184 10 in in ADP flr-177 184 11 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 184 12 the the DET flr-177 184 13 rate rate NOUN flr-177 184 14 had have AUX flr-177 184 15 increased increase VERB flr-177 184 16 4.2 4.2 NUM flr-177 184 17 % % NOUN flr-177 184 18 from from ADP flr-177 184 19 the the DET flr-177 184 20 previous previous ADJ flr-177 184 21 year year NOUN flr-177 184 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 185 1 fifty fifty NUM flr-177 185 2 - - PUNCT flr-177 185 3 eight eight NUM flr-177 185 4 percent percent NOUN flr-177 185 5 of of ADP flr-177 185 6 earned earn VERB flr-177 185 7 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 185 8 were be AUX flr-177 185 9 in in ADP flr-177 185 10 science science NOUN flr-177 185 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 185 12 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 185 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 185 14 with with ADP flr-177 185 15 the the DET flr-177 185 16 remainder remainder NOUN flr-177 185 17 being being NOUN flr-177 185 18 in in ADP flr-177 185 19 the the DET flr-177 185 20 social social ADJ flr-177 185 21 sciences science NOUN flr-177 185 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 185 23 humanities humanity NOUN flr-177 185 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 185 25 and and CCONJ flr-177 185 26 education education NOUN flr-177 185 27 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 185 28 national national PROPN flr-177 185 29 science science PROPN flr-177 185 30 foundation foundation PROPN flr-177 185 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 185 32 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 185 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 185 34 . . PUNCT flr-177 186 1 with with ADP flr-177 186 2 these these DET flr-177 186 3 increases increase NOUN flr-177 186 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 186 5 fields field NOUN flr-177 186 6 such such ADJ flr-177 186 7 as as ADP flr-177 186 8 the the DET flr-177 186 9 humanities humanity NOUN flr-177 186 10 continue continue VERB flr-177 186 11 to to PART flr-177 186 12 produce produce VERB flr-177 186 13 more more ADJ flr-177 186 14 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 186 15 than than SCONJ flr-177 186 16 can can AUX flr-177 186 17 be be AUX flr-177 186 18 absorbed absorb VERB flr-177 186 19 by by ADP flr-177 186 20 available available ADJ flr-177 186 21 research research NOUN flr-177 186 22 careers career NOUN flr-177 186 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 186 24 june june PROPN flr-177 186 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 186 26 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 186 27 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 186 28 lederman lederman NOUN flr-177 186 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 186 30 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 186 31 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 186 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 187 1 also also ADV flr-177 187 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 187 3 these these DET flr-177 187 4 figures figure NOUN flr-177 187 5 mask mask VERB flr-177 187 6 the the DET flr-177 187 7 growth growth NOUN flr-177 187 8 of of ADP flr-177 187 9 professional professional ADJ flr-177 187 10 or or CCONJ flr-177 187 11 practice practice NOUN flr-177 187 12 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 187 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 187 14 including include VERB flr-177 187 15 the the DET flr-177 187 16 edd edd PROPN flr-177 187 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 187 18 education education NOUN flr-177 187 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 187 20 including include VERB flr-177 187 21 educational educational ADJ flr-177 187 22 administration administration NOUN flr-177 187 23 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 187 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 187 25 psyd psyd PROPN flr-177 187 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 187 27 psychology psychology NOUN flr-177 187 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 187 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 187 30 or or CCONJ flr-177 187 31 dm dm INTJ flr-177 187 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 187 33 management management NOUN flr-177 187 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 187 35 . . PUNCT flr-177 188 1 this this DET flr-177 188 2 double double ADJ flr-177 188 3 growth growth NOUN flr-177 188 4 in in ADP flr-177 188 5 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 188 6 exemplifies exemplify VERB flr-177 188 7 a a DET flr-177 188 8 massification massification NOUN flr-177 188 9 of of ADP flr-177 188 10 the the DET flr-177 188 11 credential credential NOUN flr-177 188 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 188 13 typified typify VERB flr-177 188 14 in in ADP flr-177 188 15 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 188 16 areas area NOUN flr-177 188 17 that that PRON flr-177 188 18 require require VERB flr-177 188 19 individuals individual NOUN flr-177 188 20 to to PART flr-177 188 21 have have VERB flr-177 188 22 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 188 23 credentials credential NOUN flr-177 188 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 189 1 this this PRON flr-177 189 2 suggests suggest VERB flr-177 189 3 an an DET flr-177 189 4 inflation inflation NOUN flr-177 189 5 of of ADP flr-177 189 6 educational educational ADJ flr-177 189 7 requirements requirement NOUN flr-177 189 8 with with ADP flr-177 189 9 questionable questionable ADJ flr-177 189 10 value value NOUN flr-177 189 11 or or CCONJ flr-177 189 12 unjustified unjustified ADJ flr-177 189 13 educational educational ADJ flr-177 189 14 costs cost NOUN flr-177 189 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 189 16 commonly commonly ADV flr-177 189 17 without without ADP flr-177 189 18 their their PRON flr-177 189 19 mapping mapping NOUN flr-177 189 20 on on ADP flr-177 189 21 to to ADP flr-177 189 22 a a DET flr-177 189 23 societal societal ADJ flr-177 189 24 or or CCONJ flr-177 189 25 personal personal ADJ flr-177 189 26 return return NOUN flr-177 189 27 on on ADP flr-177 189 28 investment investment NOUN flr-177 189 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 190 1 although although SCONJ flr-177 190 2 most most ADJ flr-177 190 3 formal formal ADJ flr-177 190 4 educational educational ADJ flr-177 190 5 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 190 6 expect expect VERB flr-177 190 7 their their PRON flr-177 190 8 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 190 9 to to PART flr-177 190 10 have have AUX flr-177 190 11 earned earn VERB flr-177 190 12 phds phds NOUN flr-177 190 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 190 14 it it PRON flr-177 190 15 is be AUX flr-177 190 16 not not PART flr-177 190 17 universally universally ADV flr-177 190 18 mandated mandate VERB flr-177 190 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 191 1 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 191 2 bodies body NOUN flr-177 191 3 are be AUX flr-177 191 4 beginning begin VERB flr-177 191 5 to to PART flr-177 191 6 acknowledge acknowledge VERB flr-177 191 7 that that SCONJ flr-177 191 8 the the DET flr-177 191 9 status status NOUN flr-177 191 10 quo quo NOUN flr-177 191 11 of of ADP flr-177 191 12 research research NOUN flr-177 191 13 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 191 14 solely solely ADV flr-177 191 15 for for ADP flr-177 191 16 the the DET flr-177 191 17 purpose purpose NOUN flr-177 191 18 of of ADP flr-177 191 19 preparing prepare VERB flr-177 191 20 learners learner NOUN flr-177 191 21 to to PART flr-177 191 22 continue continue VERB flr-177 191 23 on on ADP flr-177 191 24 to to ADP flr-177 191 25 academic academic ADJ flr-177 191 26 rather rather ADV flr-177 191 27 non non ADJ flr-177 191 28 - - ADJ flr-177 191 29 academic academic ADJ flr-177 191 30 careers career NOUN flr-177 191 31 is be AUX flr-177 191 32 problematic problematic ADJ flr-177 191 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 191 34 neem neem NOUN flr-177 191 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 191 36 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 191 37 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 191 38 . . PUNCT flr-177 192 1 for for ADP flr-177 192 2 example example NOUN flr-177 192 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 192 4 the the DET flr-177 192 5 american american PROPN flr-177 192 6 historical historical ADJ flr-177 192 7 association association PROPN flr-177 192 8 is be AUX flr-177 192 9 seeking seek VERB flr-177 192 10 to to PART flr-177 192 11 broaden broaden VERB flr-177 192 12 career career NOUN flr-177 192 13 options option NOUN flr-177 192 14 for for ADP flr-177 192 15 those those PRON flr-177 192 16 who who PRON flr-177 192 17 will will AUX flr-177 192 18 not not PART flr-177 192 19 be be AUX flr-177 192 20 able able ADJ flr-177 192 21 to to PART flr-177 192 22 obtain obtain VERB flr-177 192 23 academic academic ADJ flr-177 192 24 positions position NOUN flr-177 192 25 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 192 26 academic academic ADJ flr-177 192 27 positions position NOUN flr-177 192 28 will will AUX flr-177 192 29 eventually eventually ADV flr-177 192 30 be be AUX flr-177 192 31 one one NUM flr-177 192 32 of of ADP flr-177 192 33 only only ADV flr-177 192 34 several several ADJ flr-177 192 35 potential potential ADJ flr-177 192 36 career career NOUN flr-177 192 37 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 192 38 or or CCONJ flr-177 192 39 directions direction NOUN flr-177 192 40 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 192 41 grafton grafton PROPN flr-177 192 42 & & CCONJ flr-177 192 43 grossman grossman PROPN flr-177 192 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 192 45 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 192 46 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 192 47 jaschik jaschik NOUN flr-177 192 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 192 49 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 192 50 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 192 51 . . PUNCT flr-177 193 1 the the DET flr-177 193 2 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 193 3 report report NOUN flr-177 193 4 of of ADP flr-177 193 5 the the DET flr-177 193 6 modern modern ADJ flr-177 193 7 language language NOUN flr-177 193 8 association association NOUN flr-177 193 9 has have VERB flr-177 193 10 as as ADP flr-177 193 11 its its PRON flr-177 193 12 first first ADJ flr-177 193 13 recommendation recommendation NOUN flr-177 193 14 the the DET flr-177 193 15 need need NOUN flr-177 193 16 to to PART flr-177 193 17 redesign redesign VERB flr-177 193 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 193 19 programs program NOUN flr-177 193 20 away away ADV flr-177 193 21 from from ADP flr-177 193 22 only only ADJ flr-177 193 23 academic academic ADJ flr-177 193 24 careers career NOUN flr-177 193 25 . . PUNCT flr-177 194 1 the the DET flr-177 194 2 goal goal NOUN flr-177 194 3 of of ADP flr-177 194 4 the the DET flr-177 194 5 mla mla NOUN flr-177 194 6 is be AUX flr-177 194 7 to to PART flr-177 194 8 “ " PUNCT flr-177 194 9 align align VERB flr-177 194 10 [ [ X flr-177 194 11 careers career NOUN flr-177 194 12 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 194 13 with with ADP flr-177 194 14 the the DET flr-177 194 15 learning learning NOUN flr-177 194 16 needs need NOUN flr-177 194 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 194 18 career career NOUN flr-177 194 19 goals goal NOUN flr-177 194 20 of of ADP flr-177 194 21 current current ADJ flr-177 194 22 and and CCONJ flr-177 194 23 future future ADJ flr-177 194 24 students student NOUN flr-177 194 25 and and CCONJ flr-177 194 26 to to PART flr-177 194 27 bring bring VERB flr-177 194 28 degree degree NOUN flr-177 194 29 requirements requirement NOUN flr-177 194 30 in in ADP flr-177 194 31 line line NOUN flr-177 194 32 with with ADP flr-177 194 33 the the DET flr-177 194 34 ever ever ADV flr-177 194 35 evolving evolve VERB flr-177 194 36 character character NOUN flr-177 194 37 of of ADP flr-177 194 38 our our PRON flr-177 194 39 fields field NOUN flr-177 194 40 ” " PUNCT flr-177 194 41 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 194 42 mla mla PROPN flr-177 194 43 task task NOUN flr-177 194 44 force force NOUN flr-177 194 45 on on ADP flr-177 194 46 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 194 47 study study NOUN flr-177 194 48 in in ADP flr-177 194 49 modern modern ADJ flr-177 194 50 language language NOUN flr-177 194 51 and and CCONJ flr-177 194 52 literature literature NOUN flr-177 194 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 194 54 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 194 55 , , PUNCT flr-177 194 56 p. p. NOUN flr-177 194 57 13 13 NUM flr-177 194 58 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 194 59 . . PUNCT flr-177 195 1 this this PRON flr-177 195 2 is be AUX flr-177 195 3 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 195 4 addressed address VERB flr-177 195 5 by by ADP flr-177 195 6 university university NOUN flr-177 195 7 career career NOUN flr-177 195 8 placement placement NOUN flr-177 195 9 offices office NOUN flr-177 195 10 that that PRON flr-177 195 11 help help VERB flr-177 195 12 research research NOUN flr-177 195 13 students student NOUN flr-177 195 14 find find VERB flr-177 195 15 positions position NOUN flr-177 195 16 outside outside ADP flr-177 195 17 academia academia NOUN flr-177 195 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 195 19 patel patel PROPN flr-177 195 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 195 21 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 195 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 195 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 196 1 lacking lack VERB flr-177 196 2 a a DET flr-177 196 3 central central ADJ flr-177 196 4 oversight oversight NOUN flr-177 196 5 body body NOUN flr-177 196 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 7 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 196 8 regulations regulation NOUN flr-177 196 9 regarding regard VERB flr-177 196 10 program program NOUN flr-177 196 11 content content NOUN flr-177 196 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 13 degree degree NOUN flr-177 196 14 specifics specific NOUN flr-177 196 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 196 17 university university NOUN flr-177 196 18 requirements requirement NOUN flr-177 196 19 are be AUX flr-177 196 20 guided guide VERB flr-177 196 21 by by ADP flr-177 196 22 37,000 37,000 NUM flr-177 196 23 combinations combination NOUN flr-177 196 24 of of ADP flr-177 196 25 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 196 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 27 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 196 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 29 state state NOUN flr-177 196 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 31 or or CCONJ flr-177 196 32 national national ADJ flr-177 196 33 accreditation accreditation NOUN flr-177 196 34 criteria criterion NOUN flr-177 196 35 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 196 36 u.s u.s PROPN flr-177 196 37 . . PROPN flr-177 196 38 department department PROPN flr-177 196 39 of of ADP flr-177 196 40 education education PROPN flr-177 196 41 office office NOUN flr-177 196 42 of of ADP flr-177 196 43 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ flr-177 196 44 education education NOUN flr-177 196 45 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 196 46 ope ope NOUN flr-177 196 47 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 196 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 196 49 n.d n.d PROPN flr-177 196 50 . . PROPN flr-177 196 51 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 196 52 . . PUNCT flr-177 197 1 related relate VERB flr-177 197 2 to to ADP flr-177 197 3 the the DET flr-177 197 4 number number NOUN flr-177 197 5 of of ADP flr-177 197 6 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 197 7 certification certification NOUN flr-177 197 8 bodies body NOUN flr-177 197 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 197 10 proprietary proprietary ADJ flr-177 197 11 information information NOUN flr-177 197 12 among among ADP flr-177 197 13 programs program NOUN flr-177 197 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 197 15 it it PRON flr-177 197 16 is be AUX flr-177 197 17 difficult difficult ADJ flr-177 197 18 at at ADP flr-177 197 19 best good ADJ flr-177 197 20 to to PART flr-177 197 21 try try VERB flr-177 197 22 to to PART flr-177 197 23 compare compare VERB flr-177 197 24 data datum NOUN flr-177 197 25 across across ADP flr-177 197 26 programs program NOUN flr-177 197 27 and and CCONJ flr-177 197 28 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 197 29 to to PART flr-177 197 30 determine determine VERB flr-177 197 31 successful successful ADJ flr-177 197 32 andres andre NOUN flr-177 197 33 et et PROPN flr-177 197 34 al al PROPN flr-177 197 35     SPACE flr-177 197 36 | | ADV flr-177 197 37 f f NOUN flr-177 197 38 l l NOUN flr-177 197 39 r r NOUN flr-177 197 40             SPACE flr-177 197 41 14 14 NUM flr-177 197 42     SPACE flr-177 197 43 outcomes outcome NOUN flr-177 197 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 197 45 speak speak VERB flr-177 197 46 to to ADP flr-177 197 47 activities activity NOUN flr-177 197 48 of of ADP flr-177 197 49 early early ADJ flr-177 197 50 career career NOUN flr-177 197 51 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 197 52 , , PUNCT flr-177 197 53 or or CCONJ flr-177 197 54 even even ADV flr-177 197 55 track track VERB flr-177 197 56 career career NOUN flr-177 197 57 paths path NOUN flr-177 197 58 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 197 59 national national PROPN flr-177 197 60 science science PROPN flr-177 197 61 foundation foundation PROPN flr-177 197 62 , , PUNCT flr-177 197 63 n.d n.d PROPN flr-177 197 64 . . PROPN flr-177 197 65 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 197 66 sinche sinche NOUN flr-177 197 67 , , PUNCT flr-177 197 68 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 197 69 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 197 70 . . PUNCT flr-177 198 1 with with ADP flr-177 198 2 ambiguous ambiguous ADJ flr-177 198 3 quality quality NOUN flr-177 198 4 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 198 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 198 6 it it PRON flr-177 198 7 should should AUX flr-177 198 8 not not PART flr-177 198 9 be be AUX flr-177 198 10 surprising surprising ADJ flr-177 198 11 that that SCONJ flr-177 198 12 there there PRON flr-177 198 13 is be VERB flr-177 198 14 nearly nearly ADV flr-177 198 15 a a DET flr-177 198 16 50 50 NUM flr-177 198 17 % % NOUN flr-177 198 18 rate rate NOUN flr-177 198 19 of of ADP flr-177 198 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 198 21 attrition attrition NOUN flr-177 198 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 198 23 including include VERB flr-177 198 24 those those PRON flr-177 198 25 in in ADP flr-177 198 26 a a DET flr-177 198 27 limbo limbo NOUN flr-177 198 28 of of ADP flr-177 198 29 decade decade NOUN flr-177 198 30 - - PUNCT flr-177 198 31 long long ADJ flr-177 198 32 abd abd NOUN flr-177 198 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 198 34 all all PRON flr-177 198 35 but but SCONJ flr-177 198 36 dissertation dissertation NOUN flr-177 198 37 / / SYM flr-177 198 38 defended defend VERB flr-177 198 39 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 198 40 student student NOUN flr-177 198 41 status status NOUN flr-177 198 42 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 198 43 yesko yesko ADV flr-177 198 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 198 45 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 198 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 198 47 . . PUNCT flr-177 199 1 given give VERB flr-177 199 2 that that PRON flr-177 199 3 less less ADJ flr-177 199 4 than than ADP flr-177 199 5 30 30 NUM flr-177 199 6 % % NOUN flr-177 199 7 of of ADP flr-177 199 8 u.s u.s PROPN flr-177 199 9 . . PROPN flr-177 199 10 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 199 11 now now ADV flr-177 199 12 work work VERB flr-177 199 13 with with ADP flr-177 199 14 tenure tenure NOUN flr-177 199 15 or or CCONJ flr-177 199 16 are be AUX flr-177 199 17 full full ADJ flr-177 199 18 - - PUNCT flr-177 199 19 time time NOUN flr-177 199 20 on on ADP flr-177 199 21 a a DET flr-177 199 22 tenure tenure NOUN flr-177 199 23 track track NOUN flr-177 199 24 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 199 25 mla mla PROPN flr-177 199 26 task task NOUN flr-177 199 27 force force NOUN flr-177 199 28 on on ADP flr-177 199 29 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 199 30 study study NOUN flr-177 199 31 in in ADP flr-177 199 32 modern modern ADJ flr-177 199 33 language language NOUN flr-177 199 34 and and CCONJ flr-177 199 35 literature literature NOUN flr-177 199 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 199 37 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 199 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 199 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 199 40 the the DET flr-177 199 41 growing grow VERB flr-177 199 42 population population NOUN flr-177 199 43 of of ADP flr-177 199 44 casual casual ADJ flr-177 199 45 and and CCONJ flr-177 199 46 adjunct adjunct ADJ flr-177 199 47 instructors instructor NOUN flr-177 199 48 , , PUNCT flr-177 199 49 specifically specifically ADV flr-177 199 50 those those PRON flr-177 199 51 with with ADP flr-177 199 52 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 199 53 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 199 54 , , PUNCT flr-177 199 55 will will AUX flr-177 199 56 further far ADV flr-177 199 57 invite invite VERB flr-177 199 58 investigation investigation NOUN flr-177 199 59 over over ADP flr-177 199 60 educational educational ADJ flr-177 199 61 quality quality NOUN flr-177 199 62 . . PUNCT flr-177 200 1 endemic endemic ADJ flr-177 200 2 challenges challenge NOUN flr-177 200 3 of of ADP flr-177 200 4 fairness fairness NOUN flr-177 200 5 in in ADP flr-177 200 6 pay pay NOUN flr-177 200 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 200 8 labour labour NOUN flr-177 200 9 related relate VERB flr-177 200 10 to to ADP flr-177 200 11 the the DET flr-177 200 12 increase increase NOUN flr-177 200 13 of of ADP flr-177 200 14 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 200 15 in in ADP flr-177 200 16 temporary temporary ADJ flr-177 200 17 or or CCONJ flr-177 200 18 contract contract NOUN flr-177 200 19 positions position NOUN flr-177 200 20 result result VERB flr-177 200 21 in in ADP flr-177 200 22 time time NOUN flr-177 200 23 spent spend VERB flr-177 200 24 ensuring ensure VERB flr-177 200 25 future future ADJ flr-177 200 26 teaching teaching NOUN flr-177 200 27 contracts contract NOUN flr-177 200 28 rather rather ADV flr-177 200 29 than than ADP flr-177 200 30 engaging engage VERB flr-177 200 31 in in ADP flr-177 200 32 research research NOUN flr-177 200 33 or or CCONJ flr-177 200 34 university university NOUN flr-177 200 35 / / SYM flr-177 200 36 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 200 37 service service NOUN flr-177 200 38 . . PUNCT flr-177 201 1 given give VERB flr-177 201 2 the the DET flr-177 201 3 pragmatic pragmatic ADJ flr-177 201 4 nature nature NOUN flr-177 201 5 of of ADP flr-177 201 6 american american ADJ flr-177 201 7 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 201 8 training training NOUN flr-177 201 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 201 10 current current ADJ flr-177 201 11 efforts effort NOUN flr-177 201 12 focused focus VERB flr-177 201 13 on on ADP flr-177 201 14 saving save VERB flr-177 201 15 money money NOUN flr-177 201 16 through through ADP flr-177 201 17 defunding defunde VERB flr-177 201 18 education education NOUN flr-177 201 19 while while SCONJ flr-177 201 20 eliminating eliminate VERB flr-177 201 21 full full ADJ flr-177 201 22 - - PUNCT flr-177 201 23 time time NOUN flr-177 201 24 permanent permanent ADJ flr-177 201 25 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 201 26 by by ADP flr-177 201 27 relying rely VERB flr-177 201 28 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-177 201 29 on on ADP flr-177 201 30 contingent contingent ADJ flr-177 201 31 labour labour NOUN flr-177 201 32 point point NOUN flr-177 201 33 to to ADP flr-177 201 34 a a DET flr-177 201 35 challenging challenging ADJ flr-177 201 36 future future NOUN flr-177 201 37 . . PUNCT flr-177 202 1 5 5 X flr-177 202 2 . . X flr-177 202 3 discussion discussion NOUN flr-177 202 4 from from ADP flr-177 202 5 the the DET flr-177 202 6 individual individual ADJ flr-177 202 7 country country NOUN flr-177 202 8 cases case NOUN flr-177 202 9 we we PRON flr-177 202 10 have have AUX flr-177 202 11 revealed reveal VERB flr-177 202 12 three three NUM flr-177 202 13 main main ADJ flr-177 202 14 issues issue NOUN flr-177 202 15 : : PUNCT flr-177 202 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 202 17 1 1 X flr-177 202 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 202 19 what what PRON flr-177 202 20 is be AUX flr-177 202 21 happening happen VERB flr-177 202 22 on on ADP flr-177 202 23 the the DET flr-177 202 24 ground ground NOUN flr-177 202 25 ? ? PUNCT flr-177 203 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 203 2 2 2 X flr-177 203 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 203 4 the the DET flr-177 203 5 consequences consequence NOUN flr-177 203 6 of of ADP flr-177 203 7 an an DET flr-177 203 8 increased increase VERB flr-177 203 9 formalization formalization NOUN flr-177 203 10 of of ADP flr-177 203 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 203 12 education education NOUN flr-177 203 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 203 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 203 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 203 16 3 3 X flr-177 203 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 203 18 the the DET flr-177 203 19 global global ADJ flr-177 203 20 - - PUNCT flr-177 203 21 local local ADJ flr-177 203 22 nexus nexus NOUN flr-177 203 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 204 1 5.1 5.1 NUM flr-177 204 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 205 1 what what PRON flr-177 205 2 is be AUX flr-177 205 3 happening happen VERB flr-177 205 4 on on ADP flr-177 205 5 the the DET flr-177 205 6 ground ground NOUN flr-177 205 7 ? ? PUNCT flr-177 206 1 in in ADP flr-177 206 2 keeping keep VERB flr-177 206 3 with with ADP flr-177 206 4 our our PRON flr-177 206 5 recognition recognition NOUN flr-177 206 6 of of ADP flr-177 206 7 the the DET flr-177 206 8 necessary necessary ADJ flr-177 206 9 recontextualisation recontextualisation NOUN flr-177 206 10 of of ADP flr-177 206 11 any any DET flr-177 206 12 policy policy NOUN flr-177 206 13 narrative narrative NOUN flr-177 206 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 206 15 our our PRON flr-177 206 16 comparative comparative ADJ flr-177 206 17 study study NOUN flr-177 206 18 points point NOUN flr-177 206 19 to to ADP flr-177 206 20 the the DET flr-177 206 21 need need NOUN flr-177 206 22 to to PART flr-177 206 23 examine examine VERB flr-177 206 24 more more ADV flr-177 206 25 fully fully ADV flr-177 206 26 “ " PUNCT flr-177 206 27 what what PRON flr-177 206 28 is be AUX flr-177 206 29 happening happen VERB flr-177 206 30 on on ADP flr-177 206 31 the the DET flr-177 206 32 ground ground NOUN flr-177 206 33 ” " PUNCT flr-177 206 34 in in ADP flr-177 206 35 order order NOUN flr-177 206 36 to to PART flr-177 206 37 understand understand VERB flr-177 206 38 more more ADV flr-177 206 39 adequately adequately ADV flr-177 206 40 how how SCONJ flr-177 206 41 the the DET flr-177 206 42 different different ADJ flr-177 206 43 global global ADJ flr-177 206 44 trends trend NOUN flr-177 206 45 play play VERB flr-177 206 46 out out ADP flr-177 206 47 in in ADP flr-177 206 48 the the DET flr-177 206 49 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 206 50 environments environment NOUN flr-177 206 51 in in ADP flr-177 206 52 specific specific ADJ flr-177 206 53 countries country NOUN flr-177 206 54 . . PUNCT flr-177 207 1 our our PRON flr-177 207 2 comparative comparative ADJ flr-177 207 3 analysis analysis NOUN flr-177 207 4 demonstrates demonstrate VERB flr-177 207 5 that that SCONJ flr-177 207 6 the the DET flr-177 207 7 links link NOUN flr-177 207 8 between between ADP flr-177 207 9 global global ADJ flr-177 207 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 207 11 international international ADJ flr-177 207 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 207 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 207 14 local local ADJ flr-177 207 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 207 16 national national ADJ flr-177 207 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 207 18 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 207 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 207 20 levels level NOUN flr-177 207 21 of of ADP flr-177 207 22 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 207 23 education education NOUN flr-177 207 24 are be AUX flr-177 207 25 not not PART flr-177 207 26 similar similar ADJ flr-177 207 27 across across ADP flr-177 207 28 countries country NOUN flr-177 207 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 208 1 even even ADV flr-177 208 2 though though SCONJ flr-177 208 3 the the DET flr-177 208 4 countries country NOUN flr-177 208 5 considered consider VERB flr-177 208 6 in in ADP flr-177 208 7 this this DET flr-177 208 8 paper paper NOUN flr-177 208 9 do do AUX flr-177 208 10 subscribe subscribe VERB flr-177 208 11 to to ADP flr-177 208 12 the the DET flr-177 208 13 same same ADJ flr-177 208 14 global global ADJ flr-177 208 15 trends trend NOUN flr-177 208 16 on on ADP flr-177 208 17 the the DET flr-177 208 18 policy policy NOUN flr-177 208 19 level level NOUN flr-177 208 20 , , PUNCT flr-177 208 21 there there PRON flr-177 208 22 are be VERB flr-177 208 23 many many ADJ flr-177 208 24 differences difference NOUN flr-177 208 25 on on ADP flr-177 208 26 the the DET flr-177 208 27 national national ADJ flr-177 208 28 and and CCONJ flr-177 208 29 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 208 30 levels level NOUN flr-177 208 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 209 1 this this PRON flr-177 209 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 209 3 we we PRON flr-177 209 4 argue argue VERB flr-177 209 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 209 6 makes make VERB flr-177 209 7 comparisons comparison NOUN flr-177 209 8 among among ADP flr-177 209 9 systems system NOUN flr-177 209 10 of of ADP flr-177 209 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 209 12 education education NOUN flr-177 209 13 at at ADP flr-177 209 14 the the DET flr-177 209 15 global global ADJ flr-177 209 16 level level NOUN flr-177 209 17 difficult difficult ADJ flr-177 209 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 209 19 fraught fraught ADJ flr-177 209 20 with with ADP flr-177 209 21 uncertainties uncertainty NOUN flr-177 209 22 and and CCONJ flr-177 209 23 potential potential ADJ flr-177 209 24 inequalities inequality NOUN flr-177 209 25 . . PUNCT flr-177 210 1 more more ADJ flr-177 210 2 research research NOUN flr-177 210 3 should should AUX flr-177 210 4 be be AUX flr-177 210 5 undertaken undertake VERB flr-177 210 6 into into ADP flr-177 210 7 unlocking unlock VERB flr-177 210 8 the the DET flr-177 210 9 potential potential NOUN flr-177 210 10 for for ADP flr-177 210 11 understanding understand VERB flr-177 210 12 more more ADV flr-177 210 13 fully fully ADV flr-177 210 14 the the DET flr-177 210 15 diverse diverse ADJ flr-177 210 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 210 17 complex complex ADJ flr-177 210 18 nature nature NOUN flr-177 210 19 of of ADP flr-177 210 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 210 21 educational educational ADJ flr-177 210 22 practice practice NOUN flr-177 210 23 worldwide worldwide ADV flr-177 210 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 211 1 to to PART flr-177 211 2 fully fully ADV flr-177 211 3 understand understand VERB flr-177 211 4 the the DET flr-177 211 5 character character NOUN flr-177 211 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 211 7 consequences consequence NOUN flr-177 211 8 of of ADP flr-177 211 9 global global ADJ flr-177 211 10 trends trend NOUN flr-177 211 11 within within ADP flr-177 211 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 211 13 education education NOUN flr-177 211 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 211 15 one one PRON flr-177 211 16 needs need VERB flr-177 211 17 to to PART flr-177 211 18 take take VERB flr-177 211 19 into into ADP flr-177 211 20 account account NOUN flr-177 211 21 the the DET flr-177 211 22 level level NOUN flr-177 211 23 of of ADP flr-177 211 24 integration integration NOUN flr-177 211 25 that that PRON flr-177 211 26 always always ADV flr-177 211 27 takes take VERB flr-177 211 28 place place NOUN flr-177 211 29 at at ADP flr-177 211 30 the the DET flr-177 211 31 local local ADJ flr-177 211 32 level level NOUN flr-177 211 33 . . PUNCT flr-177 212 1 not not PART flr-177 212 2 only only ADV flr-177 212 3 do do AUX flr-177 212 4 countries country NOUN flr-177 212 5 differ differ VERB flr-177 212 6 when when SCONJ flr-177 212 7 it it PRON flr-177 212 8 comes come VERB flr-177 212 9 to to ADP flr-177 212 10 interpreting interpreting NOUN flr-177 212 11 and and CCONJ flr-177 212 12 understanding understand VERB flr-177 212 13 the the DET flr-177 212 14 meaning meaning NOUN flr-177 212 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 212 16 relevance relevance NOUN flr-177 212 17 of of ADP flr-177 212 18 global global ADJ flr-177 212 19 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 212 20 such such ADJ flr-177 212 21 as as ADP flr-177 212 22 massification massification NOUN flr-177 212 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 212 24 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 212 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 212 26 and and CCONJ flr-177 212 27 quality quality NOUN flr-177 212 28 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 212 29 within within ADP flr-177 212 30 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 212 31 education education NOUN flr-177 212 32 , , PUNCT flr-177 212 33 but but CCONJ flr-177 212 34 individual individual ADJ flr-177 212 35 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 212 36 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 212 37 universities university NOUN flr-177 212 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 212 39 also also ADV flr-177 212 40 face face VERB flr-177 212 41 the the DET flr-177 212 42 task task NOUN flr-177 212 43 of of ADP flr-177 212 44 integrating integrate VERB flr-177 212 45 the the DET flr-177 212 46 global global ADJ flr-177 212 47 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 212 48 into into ADP flr-177 212 49 their their PRON flr-177 212 50 own own ADJ flr-177 212 51 specific specific ADJ flr-177 212 52 educational educational ADJ flr-177 212 53 contexts context NOUN flr-177 212 54 and and CCONJ flr-177 212 55 frameworks framework NOUN flr-177 212 56 . . PUNCT flr-177 213 1 5.2 5.2 NUM flr-177 213 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 214 1 formalization formalization NOUN flr-177 214 2 of of ADP flr-177 214 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 214 4 education education NOUN flr-177 214 5 as as SCONJ flr-177 214 6 seen see VERB flr-177 214 7 across across ADP flr-177 214 8 the the DET flr-177 214 9 different different ADJ flr-177 214 10 country country NOUN flr-177 214 11 cases case NOUN flr-177 214 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 214 13 even even ADV flr-177 214 14 though though SCONJ flr-177 214 15 there there PRON flr-177 214 16 is be VERB flr-177 214 17 a a DET flr-177 214 18 tendency tendency NOUN flr-177 214 19 to to PART flr-177 214 20 increase increase VERB flr-177 214 21 the the DET flr-177 214 22 numbers number NOUN flr-177 214 23 of of ADP flr-177 214 24 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 214 25 programs program NOUN flr-177 214 26 , , PUNCT flr-177 214 27 at at ADP flr-177 214 28 the the DET flr-177 214 29 same same ADJ flr-177 214 30 time time NOUN flr-177 214 31 the the DET flr-177 214 32 aim aim NOUN flr-177 214 33 is be AUX flr-177 214 34 to to PART flr-177 214 35 consolidate consolidate VERB flr-177 214 36 them they PRON flr-177 214 37 within within ADP flr-177 214 38 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 214 39 “ " PUNCT flr-177 214 40 schools school NOUN flr-177 214 41 ” " PUNCT flr-177 214 42 and and CCONJ flr-177 214 43 to to PART flr-177 214 44 enlarge enlarge VERB flr-177 214 45 the the DET flr-177 214 46 size size NOUN flr-177 214 47 of of ADP flr-177 214 48 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 214 49 schools school NOUN flr-177 214 50 within within ADP flr-177 214 51 their their PRON flr-177 214 52 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 214 53 – – PUNCT flr-177 214 54 hereby hereby ADV flr-177 214 55 also also ADV flr-177 214 56 increasing increase VERB flr-177 214 57 the the DET flr-177 214 58 level level NOUN flr-177 214 59 of of ADP flr-177 214 60 formal formal ADJ flr-177 214 61 training training NOUN flr-177 214 62 expected expect VERB flr-177 214 63 within within ADP flr-177 214 64 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 214 65 education education NOUN flr-177 214 66 . . PUNCT flr-177 215 1 the the DET flr-177 215 2 first first ADJ flr-177 215 3 issue issue NOUN flr-177 215 4 relates relate VERB flr-177 215 5 back back ADV flr-177 215 6 to to ADP flr-177 215 7 the the DET flr-177 215 8 global global ADJ flr-177 215 9 trends trend NOUN flr-177 215 10 of of ADP flr-177 215 11 massification massification NOUN flr-177 215 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 215 13 quality quality NOUN flr-177 215 14 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 215 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 215 16 while while SCONJ flr-177 215 17 the the DET flr-177 215 18 latter latter ADJ flr-177 215 19 issue issue NOUN flr-177 215 20 is be AUX flr-177 215 21 linked link VERB flr-177 215 22 to to ADP flr-177 215 23 the the DET flr-177 215 24 global global ADJ flr-177 215 25 trend trend NOUN flr-177 215 26 of of ADP flr-177 215 27 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 215 28 of of ADP flr-177 215 29 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 215 30 education education NOUN flr-177 215 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 216 1 as as ADV flr-177 216 2 visible visible ADJ flr-177 216 3 in in ADP flr-177 216 4 the the DET flr-177 216 5 country country NOUN flr-177 216 6 cases case NOUN flr-177 216 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 216 8 as as SCONJ flr-177 216 9 the the DET flr-177 216 10 number number NOUN flr-177 216 11 of of ADP flr-177 216 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 216 13 students student NOUN flr-177 216 14 have have AUX flr-177 216 15 increased increase VERB flr-177 216 16 over over ADP flr-177 216 17 the the DET flr-177 216 18 years year NOUN flr-177 216 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 216 20 this this PRON flr-177 216 21 has have AUX flr-177 216 22 been be AUX flr-177 216 23 met meet VERB flr-177 216 24 with with ADP flr-177 216 25 the the DET flr-177 216 26 response response NOUN flr-177 216 27 of of ADP flr-177 216 28 structuring structure VERB flr-177 216 29 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 216 30 education education NOUN flr-177 216 31 more more ADV flr-177 216 32 “ " PUNCT flr-177 216 33 tightly tightly ADV flr-177 216 34 ” " PUNCT flr-177 216 35 organisationally organisationally ADV flr-177 216 36 and and CCONJ flr-177 216 37 demanding demand VERB flr-177 216 38 more more ADV flr-177 216 39 formal formal ADJ flr-177 216 40 procedures procedure NOUN flr-177 216 41 for for ADP flr-177 216 42 how how SCONJ flr-177 216 43 to to PART flr-177 216 44 develop develop VERB flr-177 216 45 and and CCONJ flr-177 216 46 evaluate evaluate VERB flr-177 216 47 the the DET flr-177 216 48 performance performance NOUN flr-177 216 49 done do VERB flr-177 216 50 both both PRON flr-177 216 51 by by ADP flr-177 216 52 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 216 53 andres andre NOUN flr-177 216 54 et et PROPN flr-177 216 55 al al PROPN flr-177 216 56     SPACE flr-177 217 1 | | ADV flr-177 217 2 f f NOUN flr-177 217 3 l l NOUN flr-177 217 4 r r NOUN flr-177 217 5             SPACE flr-177 217 6 15 15 NUM flr-177 217 7     SPACE flr-177 217 8 students student NOUN flr-177 217 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 217 10 their their PRON flr-177 217 11 supervisors supervisor NOUN flr-177 217 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 218 1 this this PRON flr-177 218 2 has have AUX flr-177 218 3 been be AUX flr-177 218 4 described describe VERB flr-177 218 5 as as ADP flr-177 218 6 the the DET flr-177 218 7 development development NOUN flr-177 218 8 of of ADP flr-177 218 9 a a DET flr-177 218 10 generic generic ADJ flr-177 218 11 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 218 12 curriculum curriculum NOUN flr-177 218 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 218 14 green green NOUN flr-177 218 15 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 218 16 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 218 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 218 18 a a DET flr-177 218 19 “ " PUNCT flr-177 218 20 transdisciplinary transdisciplinary ADJ flr-177 218 21 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 218 22 ” " PUNCT flr-177 218 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 218 24 willetts willetts PROPN flr-177 218 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 218 26 mitcell mitcell INTJ flr-177 218 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 218 28 abeysuriya abeysuriya PROPN flr-177 218 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 218 30 & & CCONJ flr-177 218 31 fam fam PROPN flr-177 218 32 , , PUNCT flr-177 218 33 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 218 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 218 35 which which PRON flr-177 218 36 is be AUX flr-177 218 37 promoted promote VERB flr-177 218 38 in in ADP flr-177 218 39 order order NOUN flr-177 218 40 to to PART flr-177 218 41 ensure ensure VERB flr-177 218 42 educational educational ADJ flr-177 218 43 relevance relevance NOUN flr-177 218 44 for for ADP flr-177 218 45 the the DET flr-177 218 46 job job NOUN flr-177 218 47 market market NOUN flr-177 218 48 and and CCONJ flr-177 218 49 to to PART flr-177 218 50 safeguard safeguard VERB flr-177 218 51 the the DET flr-177 218 52 quality quality NOUN flr-177 218 53 of of ADP flr-177 218 54 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 218 55 education education NOUN flr-177 218 56 globally globally ADV flr-177 218 57 . . PUNCT flr-177 219 1 the the DET flr-177 219 2 aim aim NOUN flr-177 219 3 of of ADP flr-177 219 4 foregrounding foreground VERB flr-177 219 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 219 6 developing develop VERB flr-177 219 7 the the DET flr-177 219 8 generic generic ADJ flr-177 219 9 dimension dimension NOUN flr-177 219 10 of of ADP flr-177 219 11 the the DET flr-177 219 12 phd phd NOUN flr-177 219 13 across across ADP flr-177 219 14 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-177 219 15 creates create VERB flr-177 219 16 tension tension NOUN flr-177 219 17 in in ADP flr-177 219 18 relation relation NOUN flr-177 219 19 to to ADP flr-177 219 20 the the DET flr-177 219 21 desire desire NOUN flr-177 219 22 to to PART flr-177 219 23 at at ADP flr-177 219 24 the the DET flr-177 219 25 same same ADJ flr-177 219 26 time time NOUN flr-177 219 27 strengthen strengthen VERB flr-177 219 28 research research NOUN flr-177 219 29 environments environment NOUN flr-177 219 30 at at ADP flr-177 219 31 the the DET flr-177 219 32 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 219 33 level level NOUN flr-177 219 34 , , PUNCT flr-177 219 35 to to PART flr-177 219 36 maintain maintain VERB flr-177 219 37 the the DET flr-177 219 38 strong strong ADJ flr-177 219 39 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ flr-177 219 40 focus focus NOUN flr-177 219 41 of of ADP flr-177 219 42 the the DET flr-177 219 43 phd phd NOUN flr-177 219 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 219 45 and and CCONJ flr-177 219 46 to to PART flr-177 219 47 resist resist VERB flr-177 219 48 its its PRON flr-177 219 49 over over ADP flr-177 219 50 - - PUNCT flr-177 219 51 regulation regulation NOUN flr-177 219 52 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 219 53 gudmundsson gudmundsson NOUN flr-177 219 54 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 219 55 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 219 56 . . PUNCT flr-177 220 1 5.3 5.3 NUM flr-177 220 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 221 1 the the DET flr-177 221 2 global global ADJ flr-177 221 3 - - PUNCT flr-177 221 4 local local ADJ flr-177 221 5 nexus nexus NOUN flr-177 221 6 despite despite SCONJ flr-177 221 7 presenting present VERB flr-177 221 8 country country NOUN flr-177 221 9 cases case NOUN flr-177 221 10 at at ADP flr-177 221 11 the the DET flr-177 221 12 level level NOUN flr-177 221 13 of of ADP flr-177 221 14 global global ADJ flr-177 221 15 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 221 16 of of ADP flr-177 221 17 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 221 18 education education NOUN flr-177 221 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 221 20 we we PRON flr-177 221 21 are be AUX flr-177 221 22 aware aware ADJ flr-177 221 23 that that SCONJ flr-177 221 24 even even ADV flr-177 221 25 if if SCONJ flr-177 221 26 similarities similarity NOUN flr-177 221 27 exist exist VERB flr-177 221 28 at at ADP flr-177 221 29 the the DET flr-177 221 30 level level NOUN flr-177 221 31 of of ADP flr-177 221 32 policy policy NOUN flr-177 221 33 , , PUNCT flr-177 221 34 how how SCONJ flr-177 221 35 these these DET flr-177 221 36 policies policy NOUN flr-177 221 37 play play VERB flr-177 221 38 out out ADP flr-177 221 39 at at ADP flr-177 221 40 local local ADJ flr-177 221 41 levels level NOUN flr-177 221 42 will will AUX flr-177 221 43 always always ADV flr-177 221 44 involve involve VERB flr-177 221 45 a a DET flr-177 221 46 process process NOUN flr-177 221 47 of of ADP flr-177 221 48 recontextualization recontextualization NOUN flr-177 221 49 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 221 50 bernstein bernstein PROPN flr-177 221 51 , , PUNCT flr-177 221 52 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 221 53 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 221 54 . . PUNCT flr-177 222 1 during during ADP flr-177 222 2 our our PRON flr-177 222 3 discussion discussion NOUN flr-177 222 4 of of ADP flr-177 222 5 the the DET flr-177 222 6 meaning meaning NOUN flr-177 222 7 of of ADP flr-177 222 8 the the DET flr-177 222 9 global global ADJ flr-177 222 10 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 222 11 seen see VERB flr-177 222 12 from from ADP flr-177 222 13 individual individual ADJ flr-177 222 14 national national ADJ flr-177 222 15 perspectives perspective NOUN flr-177 222 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 222 17 it it PRON flr-177 222 18 becomes become VERB flr-177 222 19 apparent apparent ADJ flr-177 222 20 that that SCONJ flr-177 222 21 although although SCONJ flr-177 222 22 some some PRON flr-177 222 23 of of ADP flr-177 222 24 the the DET flr-177 222 25 same same ADJ flr-177 222 26 discourses discourse NOUN flr-177 222 27 and and CCONJ flr-177 222 28 semantics semantic NOUN flr-177 222 29 are be AUX flr-177 222 30 being be AUX flr-177 222 31 used use VERB flr-177 222 32 across across ADP flr-177 222 33 different different ADJ flr-177 222 34 countries country NOUN flr-177 222 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 222 36 the the DET flr-177 222 37 national national ADJ flr-177 222 38 , , PUNCT flr-177 222 39 or or CCONJ flr-177 222 40 local local ADJ flr-177 222 41 , , PUNCT flr-177 222 42 meanings meaning NOUN flr-177 222 43 vary vary VERB flr-177 222 44 greatly greatly ADV flr-177 222 45 . . PUNCT flr-177 223 1 in in ADP flr-177 223 2 addition addition NOUN flr-177 223 3 to to ADP flr-177 223 4 the the DET flr-177 223 5 shifts shift NOUN flr-177 223 6 which which DET flr-177 223 7 recontextualisation recontextualisation NOUN flr-177 223 8 necessarily necessarily ADV flr-177 223 9 involves involve VERB flr-177 223 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 223 11 other other ADJ flr-177 223 12 factors factor NOUN flr-177 223 13 which which PRON flr-177 223 14 come come VERB flr-177 223 15 into into ADP flr-177 223 16 play play NOUN flr-177 223 17 include include VERB flr-177 223 18 the the DET flr-177 223 19 size size NOUN flr-177 223 20 of of ADP flr-177 223 21 the the DET flr-177 223 22 universities university NOUN flr-177 223 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 223 24 the the DET flr-177 223 25 variation variation NOUN flr-177 223 26 of of ADP flr-177 223 27 gender gender NOUN flr-177 223 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 223 29 ethnicity ethnicity NOUN flr-177 223 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 223 31 and and CCONJ flr-177 223 32 age age NOUN flr-177 223 33 in in ADP flr-177 223 34 student student NOUN flr-177 223 35 population population NOUN flr-177 223 36 , , PUNCT flr-177 223 37 and and CCONJ flr-177 223 38 the the DET flr-177 223 39 underlying underlie VERB flr-177 223 40 political political ADJ flr-177 223 41 - - PUNCT flr-177 223 42 economic economic ADJ flr-177 223 43 conditions condition NOUN flr-177 223 44 in in ADP flr-177 223 45 each each DET flr-177 223 46 country country NOUN flr-177 223 47 . . PUNCT flr-177 224 1 in in ADP flr-177 224 2 a a DET flr-177 224 3 similar similar ADJ flr-177 224 4 vein vein NOUN flr-177 224 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 224 6 teichler teichler NOUN flr-177 224 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 224 8 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 224 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 224 10 has have AUX flr-177 224 11 pointed point VERB flr-177 224 12 to to ADP flr-177 224 13 the the DET flr-177 224 14 fact fact NOUN flr-177 224 15 that that SCONJ flr-177 224 16 “ " PUNCT flr-177 224 17 nations nation NOUN flr-177 224 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 224 19 strategic strategic ADJ flr-177 224 20 policies policy NOUN flr-177 224 21 of of ADP flr-177 224 22 national national ADJ flr-177 224 23 governments government NOUN flr-177 224 24 continue continue VERB flr-177 224 25 to to PART flr-177 224 26 play play VERB flr-177 224 27 a a DET flr-177 224 28 major major ADJ flr-177 224 29 role role NOUN flr-177 224 30 in in ADP flr-177 224 31 setting set VERB flr-177 224 32 the the DET flr-177 224 33 frames frame NOUN flr-177 224 34 for for ADP flr-177 224 35 international international ADJ flr-177 224 36 communication communication NOUN flr-177 224 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 224 38 cooperation cooperation NOUN flr-177 224 39 and and CCONJ flr-177 224 40 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 224 41 as as ADV flr-177 224 42 well well ADV flr-177 224 43 as as ADP flr-177 224 44 for for ADP flr-177 224 45 international international ADJ flr-177 224 46 competition competition NOUN flr-177 224 47 . . PUNCT flr-177 225 1 therefore therefore ADV flr-177 225 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 225 3 the the DET flr-177 225 4 frequent frequent ADJ flr-177 225 5 use use NOUN flr-177 225 6 of of ADP flr-177 225 7 the the DET flr-177 225 8 term term NOUN flr-177 225 9 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-177 225 10 globalization globalization NOUN flr-177 225 11 ’ ' PUNCT flr-177 225 12 might might AUX flr-177 225 13 be be AUX flr-177 225 14 based base VERB flr-177 225 15 on on ADP flr-177 225 16 misunderstandings misunderstanding NOUN flr-177 225 17 ” " PUNCT flr-177 225 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 225 19 21 21 NUM flr-177 225 20 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 225 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 226 1 for for ADP flr-177 226 2 example example NOUN flr-177 226 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 226 4 this this PRON flr-177 226 5 is be AUX flr-177 226 6 specifically specifically ADV flr-177 226 7 seen see VERB flr-177 226 8 in in ADP flr-177 226 9 the the DET flr-177 226 10 variation variation NOUN flr-177 226 11 across across ADP flr-177 226 12 countries country NOUN flr-177 226 13 regarding regard VERB flr-177 226 14 the the DET flr-177 226 15 meaning meaning NOUN flr-177 226 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 226 17 management management NOUN flr-177 226 18 of of ADP flr-177 226 19 “ " PUNCT flr-177 226 20 massification massification NOUN flr-177 226 21 . . PUNCT flr-177 226 22 ” " PUNCT flr-177 227 1 in in ADP flr-177 227 2 some some DET flr-177 227 3 countries country NOUN flr-177 227 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 227 5 massification massification NOUN flr-177 227 6 seems seem VERB flr-177 227 7 to to PART flr-177 227 8 imply imply VERB flr-177 227 9 that that SCONJ flr-177 227 10 the the DET flr-177 227 11 specific specific ADJ flr-177 227 12 country country NOUN flr-177 227 13 “ " PUNCT flr-177 227 14 opens open VERB flr-177 227 15 up up ADP flr-177 227 16 the the DET flr-177 227 17 gate gate NOUN flr-177 227 18 ” " PUNCT flr-177 227 19 with with ADP flr-177 227 20 the the DET flr-177 227 21 simple simple ADJ flr-177 227 22 aim aim NOUN flr-177 227 23 of of ADP flr-177 227 24 increasing increase VERB flr-177 227 25 the the DET flr-177 227 26 total total ADJ flr-177 227 27 number number NOUN flr-177 227 28 of of ADP flr-177 227 29 people people NOUN flr-177 227 30 with with ADP flr-177 227 31 phd phd NOUN flr-177 227 32 credentials credential NOUN flr-177 227 33 , , PUNCT flr-177 227 34 as as ADP flr-177 227 35 in in ADP flr-177 227 36 the the DET flr-177 227 37 cases case NOUN flr-177 227 38 of of ADP flr-177 227 39 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 227 40 , , PUNCT flr-177 227 41 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 227 42 and and CCONJ flr-177 227 43 finland finland PROPN flr-177 227 44 . . PUNCT flr-177 228 1 however however ADV flr-177 228 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 228 3 we we PRON flr-177 228 4 see see VERB flr-177 228 5 in in ADP flr-177 228 6 the the DET flr-177 228 7 cases case NOUN flr-177 228 8 of of ADP flr-177 228 9 canada canada PROPN flr-177 228 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 228 11 usa usa PROPN flr-177 228 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 228 13 the the DET flr-177 228 14 uk uk PROPN flr-177 228 15 that that DET flr-177 228 16 massification massification NOUN flr-177 228 17 is be AUX flr-177 228 18 also also ADV flr-177 228 19 about about ADP flr-177 228 20 generating generate VERB flr-177 228 21 hierarchies hierarchy NOUN flr-177 228 22 within within ADP flr-177 228 23 the the DET flr-177 228 24 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 228 25 system system NOUN flr-177 228 26 itself itself PRON flr-177 228 27 – – PUNCT flr-177 228 28 creating create VERB flr-177 228 29 a a DET flr-177 228 30 difference difference NOUN flr-177 228 31 between between ADP flr-177 228 32 the the DET flr-177 228 33 so so ADV flr-177 228 34 called call VERB flr-177 228 35 eliteand eliteand NOUN flr-177 228 36 super super ADJ flr-177 228 37 - - ADJ flr-177 228 38 scholarship scholarship ADJ flr-177 228 39 holders holder NOUN flr-177 228 40 and and CCONJ flr-177 228 41 the the DET flr-177 228 42 rest rest NOUN flr-177 228 43 , , PUNCT flr-177 228 44 thus thus ADV flr-177 228 45 pointing point VERB flr-177 228 46 to to ADP flr-177 228 47 equity equity NOUN flr-177 228 48 issues issue NOUN flr-177 228 49 within within ADP flr-177 228 50 the the DET flr-177 228 51 phd phd NOUN flr-177 228 52 system system NOUN flr-177 228 53 , , PUNCT flr-177 228 54 which which PRON flr-177 228 55 needs need VERB flr-177 228 56 further further ADJ flr-177 228 57 scrutinizing scrutinize VERB flr-177 228 58 . . PUNCT flr-177 229 1 this this PRON flr-177 229 2 calls call VERB flr-177 229 3 for for ADP flr-177 229 4 further further ADJ flr-177 229 5 research research NOUN flr-177 229 6 into into ADP flr-177 229 7 what what PRON flr-177 229 8 we we PRON flr-177 229 9 call call VERB flr-177 229 10 the the DET flr-177 229 11 “ " PUNCT flr-177 229 12 global global ADJ flr-177 229 13 - - PUNCT flr-177 229 14 local local ADJ flr-177 229 15 nexus nexus NOUN flr-177 229 16 ” " PUNCT flr-177 229 17 of of ADP flr-177 229 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 229 19 education education NOUN flr-177 229 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 230 1 this this DET flr-177 230 2 nexus nexus NOUN flr-177 230 3 can can AUX flr-177 230 4 be be AUX flr-177 230 5 seen see VERB flr-177 230 6 in in ADP flr-177 230 7 several several ADJ flr-177 230 8 of of ADP flr-177 230 9 the the DET flr-177 230 10 country country NOUN flr-177 230 11 cases case NOUN flr-177 230 12 where where SCONJ flr-177 230 13 goals goal NOUN flr-177 230 14 of of ADP flr-177 230 15 increased increase VERB flr-177 230 16 internationalization internationalization NOUN flr-177 230 17 of of ADP flr-177 230 18 the the DET flr-177 230 19 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 230 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 230 21 enhancing enhance VERB flr-177 230 22 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 230 23 among among ADP flr-177 230 24 universities university NOUN flr-177 230 25 on on ADP flr-177 230 26 a a DET flr-177 230 27 global global ADJ flr-177 230 28 scale scale NOUN flr-177 230 29 stand stand NOUN flr-177 230 30 alongside alongside ADP flr-177 230 31 goals goal NOUN flr-177 230 32 of of ADP flr-177 230 33 strengthening strengthen VERB flr-177 230 34 research research NOUN flr-177 230 35 environments environment NOUN flr-177 230 36 at at ADP flr-177 230 37 the the DET flr-177 230 38 home home NOUN flr-177 230 39 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 230 40 and and CCONJ flr-177 230 41 the the DET flr-177 230 42 desire desire NOUN flr-177 230 43 to to PART flr-177 230 44 allocate allocate VERB flr-177 230 45 resources resource NOUN flr-177 230 46 to to PART flr-177 230 47 enhance enhance VERB flr-177 230 48 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 230 49 learning learning NOUN flr-177 230 50 environments environment NOUN flr-177 230 51 . . PUNCT flr-177 231 1 also also ADV flr-177 231 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 231 3 this this PRON flr-177 231 4 affects affect VERB flr-177 231 5 the the DET flr-177 231 6 very very ADJ flr-177 231 7 nature nature NOUN flr-177 231 8 of of ADP flr-177 231 9 the the DET flr-177 231 10 phd phd NOUN flr-177 231 11 degree degree NOUN flr-177 231 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 232 1 originating originate VERB flr-177 232 2 as as ADP flr-177 232 3 a a DET flr-177 232 4 universal universal ADJ flr-177 232 5 degree degree NOUN flr-177 232 6 with with ADP flr-177 232 7 universal universal ADJ flr-177 232 8 credentials credential NOUN flr-177 232 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 232 10 the the DET flr-177 232 11 increasing increase VERB flr-177 232 12 focus focus NOUN flr-177 232 13 on on ADP flr-177 232 14 internationalization internationalization NOUN flr-177 232 15 and and CCONJ flr-177 232 16 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 232 17 paradoxically paradoxically ADV flr-177 232 18 makes make VERB flr-177 232 19 visible visible ADJ flr-177 232 20 how how SCONJ flr-177 232 21 diverse diverse ADJ flr-177 232 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 232 23 complex complex ADJ flr-177 232 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 232 25 and and CCONJ flr-177 232 26 in in ADP flr-177 232 27 some some DET flr-177 232 28 cases case NOUN flr-177 232 29 incomparable incomparable ADJ flr-177 232 30 , , PUNCT flr-177 232 31 the the DET flr-177 232 32 phd phd NOUN flr-177 232 33 degree degree NOUN flr-177 232 34 has have AUX flr-177 232 35 become become VERB flr-177 232 36 . . PUNCT flr-177 233 1 promotion promotion NOUN flr-177 233 2 of of ADP flr-177 233 3 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 233 4 student student NOUN flr-177 233 5 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 233 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 233 7 concommitent concommitent ADJ flr-177 233 8 alignment alignment NOUN flr-177 233 9 of of ADP flr-177 233 10 different different ADJ flr-177 233 11 research research NOUN flr-177 233 12 programs program NOUN flr-177 233 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 233 14 structures structure NOUN flr-177 233 15 of of ADP flr-177 233 16 different different ADJ flr-177 233 17 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 233 18 schools school NOUN flr-177 233 19 have have AUX flr-177 233 20 become become VERB flr-177 233 21 exceedingly exceedingly ADV flr-177 233 22 difficult difficult ADJ flr-177 233 23 and and CCONJ flr-177 233 24 has have VERB flr-177 233 25 the the DET flr-177 233 26 potential potential NOUN flr-177 233 27 to to PART flr-177 233 28 create create VERB flr-177 233 29 many many ADJ flr-177 233 30 problems problem NOUN flr-177 233 31 and and CCONJ flr-177 233 32 unwanted unwanted ADJ flr-177 233 33 strain strain NOUN flr-177 233 34 for for ADP flr-177 233 35 individual individual ADJ flr-177 233 36 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 233 37 students student NOUN flr-177 233 38 and and CCONJ flr-177 233 39 universities university NOUN flr-177 233 40 alike alike ADV flr-177 233 41 . . PUNCT flr-177 234 1 this this PRON flr-177 234 2 calls call VERB flr-177 234 3 for for ADP flr-177 234 4 further further ADJ flr-177 234 5 discussion discussion NOUN flr-177 234 6 about about ADP flr-177 234 7 whether whether SCONJ flr-177 234 8 the the DET flr-177 234 9 phd phd NOUN flr-177 234 10 degree degree NOUN flr-177 234 11 is be AUX flr-177 234 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 234 13 still still ADV flr-177 234 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 234 15 really really ADV flr-177 234 16 a a DET flr-177 234 17 universal universal ADJ flr-177 234 18 degree degree NOUN flr-177 234 19 or or CCONJ flr-177 234 20 if if SCONJ flr-177 234 21 it it PRON flr-177 234 22 has have AUX flr-177 234 23 transformed transform VERB flr-177 234 24 into into ADP flr-177 234 25 a a DET flr-177 234 26 culturally culturally ADV flr-177 234 27 and and CCONJ flr-177 234 28 regionally regionally ADV flr-177 234 29 contextual contextual ADJ flr-177 234 30 educational educational ADJ flr-177 234 31 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN flr-177 234 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 235 1 notwithstanding notwithstanding ADP flr-177 235 2 these these DET flr-177 235 3 distinctions distinction NOUN flr-177 235 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 235 5 national national ADJ flr-177 235 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 235 7 local local ADJ flr-177 235 8 priorities priority NOUN flr-177 235 9 are be AUX flr-177 235 10 not not PART flr-177 235 11 always always ADV flr-177 235 12 aligned align VERB flr-177 235 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 235 14 the the DET flr-177 235 15 breadth breadth NOUN flr-177 235 16 of of ADP flr-177 235 17 the the DET flr-177 235 18 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 235 19 experiences experience NOUN flr-177 235 20 covered cover VERB flr-177 235 21 here here ADV flr-177 235 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 235 23 primarily primarily ADV flr-177 235 24 those those PRON flr-177 235 25 involving involve VERB flr-177 235 26 research research NOUN flr-177 235 27 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 235 28 , , PUNCT flr-177 235 29 do do AUX flr-177 235 30 not not PART flr-177 235 31 always always ADV flr-177 235 32 transfer transfer VERB flr-177 235 33 to to ADP flr-177 235 34 professional professional ADJ flr-177 235 35 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 235 36 that that PRON flr-177 235 37 in in ADP flr-177 235 38 some some DET flr-177 235 39 national national ADJ flr-177 235 40 contexts context NOUN flr-177 235 41 may may AUX flr-177 235 42 often often ADV flr-177 235 43 focus focus VERB flr-177 235 44 on on ADP flr-177 235 45 more more ADJ flr-177 235 46 local local ADJ flr-177 235 47 priorities priority NOUN flr-177 235 48 . . PUNCT flr-177 236 1 the the DET flr-177 236 2 point point NOUN flr-177 236 3 emerging emerge VERB flr-177 236 4 from from ADP flr-177 236 5 this this DET flr-177 236 6 paper paper NOUN flr-177 236 7 is be AUX flr-177 236 8 that that SCONJ flr-177 236 9 understandings understanding NOUN flr-177 236 10 of of ADP flr-177 236 11 global global ADJ flr-177 236 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 236 13 local local ADJ flr-177 236 14 levels level NOUN flr-177 236 15 of of ADP flr-177 236 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 236 17 education education NOUN flr-177 236 18 are be AUX flr-177 236 19 deeply deeply ADV flr-177 236 20 linked link VERB flr-177 236 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 236 22 as as SCONJ flr-177 236 23 global global ADJ flr-177 236 24 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 236 25 saturate saturate VERB flr-177 236 26 local local ADJ flr-177 236 27 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 236 28 education education NOUN flr-177 236 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 236 30 supervision supervision NOUN flr-177 236 31 practice practice NOUN flr-177 236 32 . . PUNCT flr-177 237 1 more more ADJ flr-177 237 2 in in ADP flr-177 237 3 depth depth NOUN flr-177 237 4 understandings understanding NOUN flr-177 237 5 is be AUX flr-177 237 6 needed need VERB flr-177 237 7 regarding regard VERB flr-177 237 8 how how SCONJ flr-177 237 9 this this PRON flr-177 237 10 is be AUX flr-177 237 11 played play VERB flr-177 237 12 out out ADP flr-177 237 13 at at ADP flr-177 237 14 local local ADJ flr-177 237 15 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 237 16 levels level NOUN flr-177 237 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 237 18 also also ADV flr-177 237 19 if if SCONJ flr-177 237 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 237 21 how how SCONJ flr-177 237 22 these these DET flr-177 237 23 local local ADJ flr-177 237 24 practices practice NOUN flr-177 237 25 relate relate VERB flr-177 237 26 back back ADV flr-177 237 27 to to ADP flr-177 237 28 global global ADJ flr-177 237 29 and and CCONJ flr-177 237 30 political political ADJ flr-177 237 31 levels level NOUN flr-177 237 32 of of ADP flr-177 237 33 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 237 34 education education NOUN flr-177 237 35 . . PUNCT flr-177 238 1 more more ADV flr-177 238 2 specifically specifically ADV flr-177 238 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 238 4 further further ADJ flr-177 238 5 research research NOUN flr-177 238 6 about about ADP flr-177 238 7 the the DET flr-177 238 8 following follow VERB flr-177 238 9 is be AUX flr-177 238 10 required require VERB flr-177 238 11 : : PUNCT flr-177 238 12 a a X flr-177 238 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 238 14 how how SCONJ flr-177 238 15 global global ADJ flr-177 238 16 trends trend NOUN flr-177 238 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 238 18 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 238 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 238 20 and and CCONJ flr-177 238 21 strategies strategy NOUN flr-177 238 22 for for ADP flr-177 238 23 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 238 24 education education NOUN flr-177 238 25 play play VERB flr-177 238 26 out out ADP flr-177 238 27 in in ADP flr-177 238 28 local local ADJ flr-177 238 29 national national ADJ flr-177 238 30 settings setting NOUN flr-177 238 31 and and CCONJ flr-177 238 32 how how SCONJ flr-177 238 33 such such ADJ flr-177 238 34 global global ADJ flr-177 238 35 drivers driver NOUN flr-177 238 36 are be AUX flr-177 238 37 integrated integrate VERB flr-177 238 38 locally locally ADV flr-177 238 39 in in ADP flr-177 238 40 specific specific ADJ flr-177 238 41 teaching teaching NOUN flr-177 238 42 and and CCONJ flr-177 238 43 learning learn VERB flr-177 238 44 environments environment NOUN flr-177 238 45 at at ADP flr-177 238 46 specific specific ADJ flr-177 238 47 universities university NOUN flr-177 238 48 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 239 1 andres andres PROPN flr-177 239 2 et et PROPN flr-177 239 3 al al PROPN flr-177 239 4     SPACE flr-177 239 5 | | ADV flr-177 239 6 f f NOUN flr-177 239 7 l l NOUN flr-177 239 8 r r NOUN flr-177 239 9             SPACE flr-177 239 10 16 16 NUM flr-177 239 11     SPACE flr-177 239 12 b b NOUN flr-177 239 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 239 14 more more ADJ flr-177 239 15 awareness awareness NOUN flr-177 239 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 239 17 discussion discussion NOUN flr-177 239 18 about about ADP flr-177 239 19 the the DET flr-177 239 20 “ " PUNCT flr-177 239 21 universality universality NOUN flr-177 239 22 ” " PUNCT flr-177 239 23 of of ADP flr-177 239 24 the the DET flr-177 239 25 phd phd NOUN flr-177 239 26 degree degree NOUN flr-177 239 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 240 1 in in ADP flr-177 240 2 an an DET flr-177 240 3 era era NOUN flr-177 240 4 where where SCONJ flr-177 240 5 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 240 6 regarding regard VERB flr-177 240 7 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 240 8 education education NOUN flr-177 240 9 policy policy NOUN flr-177 240 10 is be AUX flr-177 240 11 on on ADP flr-177 240 12 the the DET flr-177 240 13 agenda agenda NOUN flr-177 240 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 240 15 more more ADJ flr-177 240 16 attention attention NOUN flr-177 240 17 should should AUX flr-177 240 18 be be AUX flr-177 240 19 given give VERB flr-177 240 20 to to ADP flr-177 240 21 what what PRON flr-177 240 22 is be AUX flr-177 240 23 actually actually ADV flr-177 240 24 possible possible ADJ flr-177 240 25 to to PART flr-177 240 26 transfer transfer VERB flr-177 240 27 across across ADP flr-177 240 28 national national ADJ flr-177 240 29 arenas arena NOUN flr-177 240 30 ; ; PUNCT flr-177 240 31 c c X flr-177 240 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 240 33 what what DET flr-177 240 34 possibilities possibility NOUN flr-177 240 35 and and CCONJ flr-177 240 36 challenges challenge NOUN flr-177 240 37 do do VERB flr-177 240 38 the the DET flr-177 240 39 infrastructures infrastructure NOUN flr-177 240 40 of of ADP flr-177 240 41 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 240 42 schools school NOUN flr-177 240 43 bring bring VERB flr-177 240 44 with with ADP flr-177 240 45 them they PRON flr-177 240 46 in in ADP flr-177 240 47 relation relation NOUN flr-177 240 48 to to ADP flr-177 240 49 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 240 50 education education NOUN flr-177 240 51 . . PUNCT flr-177 241 1 we we PRON flr-177 241 2 need need VERB flr-177 241 3 to to PART flr-177 241 4 examine examine VERB flr-177 241 5 the the DET flr-177 241 6 everyday everyday ADJ flr-177 241 7 workings working NOUN flr-177 241 8 of of ADP flr-177 241 9 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 241 10 schools school NOUN flr-177 241 11 to to PART flr-177 241 12 learn learn VERB flr-177 241 13 more more ADJ flr-177 241 14 about about ADP flr-177 241 15 what what PRON flr-177 241 16 forms form NOUN flr-177 241 17 of of ADP flr-177 241 18 organisation organisation NOUN flr-177 241 19 are be AUX flr-177 241 20 at at ADP flr-177 241 21 work work NOUN flr-177 241 22 within within ADP flr-177 241 23 the the DET flr-177 241 24 broader broad ADJ flr-177 241 25 higher high ADJ flr-177 241 26 education education NOUN flr-177 241 27 system system NOUN flr-177 241 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 242 1 this this DET flr-177 242 2 paper paper NOUN flr-177 242 3 focused focus VERB flr-177 242 4 on on ADP flr-177 242 5 six six NUM flr-177 242 6 national national ADJ flr-177 242 7 sets set NOUN flr-177 242 8 of of ADP flr-177 242 9 policies policy NOUN flr-177 242 10 regarding regard VERB flr-177 242 11 research research NOUN flr-177 242 12 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 242 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 243 1 it it PRON flr-177 243 2 was be AUX flr-177 243 3 beyond beyond ADP flr-177 243 4 the the DET flr-177 243 5 scope scope NOUN flr-177 243 6 of of ADP flr-177 243 7 this this DET flr-177 243 8 paper paper NOUN flr-177 243 9 to to PART flr-177 243 10 address address VERB flr-177 243 11 the the DET flr-177 243 12 varied varied ADJ flr-177 243 13 complexities complexity NOUN flr-177 243 14 of of ADP flr-177 243 15 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 243 16 study study NOUN flr-177 243 17 in in ADP flr-177 243 18 other other ADJ flr-177 243 19 nations nation NOUN flr-177 243 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 244 1 without without ADP flr-177 244 2 attending attend VERB flr-177 244 3 to to ADP flr-177 244 4 all all DET flr-177 244 5 national national ADJ flr-177 244 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 244 7 international international ADJ flr-177 244 8 trends trend NOUN flr-177 244 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 244 10 including include VERB flr-177 244 11 those those PRON flr-177 244 12 in in ADP flr-177 244 13 australia australia PROPN flr-177 244 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 244 15 new new PROPN flr-177 244 16 zealand zealand PROPN flr-177 244 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 244 18 and and CCONJ flr-177 244 19 the the DET flr-177 244 20 asian asian ADJ flr-177 244 21 and and CCONJ flr-177 244 22 african african ADJ flr-177 244 23 regions region NOUN flr-177 244 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 244 25 the the DET flr-177 244 26 scope scope NOUN flr-177 244 27 of of ADP flr-177 244 28 this this DET flr-177 244 29 study study NOUN flr-177 244 30 is be AUX flr-177 244 31 necessarily necessarily ADV flr-177 244 32 limited limited ADJ flr-177 244 33 . . PUNCT flr-177 245 1 we we PRON flr-177 245 2 hope hope VERB flr-177 245 3 that that SCONJ flr-177 245 4 our our PRON flr-177 245 5 attempt attempt NOUN flr-177 245 6 to to PART flr-177 245 7 initiate initiate VERB flr-177 245 8 these these DET flr-177 245 9 discussions discussion NOUN flr-177 245 10 will will AUX flr-177 245 11 serve serve VERB flr-177 245 12 the the DET flr-177 245 13 purpose purpose NOUN flr-177 245 14 of of ADP flr-177 245 15 highlighting highlight VERB flr-177 245 16 what what PRON flr-177 245 17 can can AUX flr-177 245 18 only only ADV flr-177 245 19 be be AUX flr-177 245 20 thought think VERB flr-177 245 21 of of ADP flr-177 245 22 as as ADP flr-177 245 23 a a DET flr-177 245 24 expanding expand VERB flr-177 245 25 area area NOUN flr-177 245 26 of of ADP flr-177 245 27 study study NOUN flr-177 245 28 . . PUNCT flr-177 246 1 andres andres PROPN flr-177 246 2 et et PROPN flr-177 246 3 al al PROPN flr-177 246 4     SPACE flr-177 246 5 | | ADV flr-177 246 6 f f NOUN flr-177 246 7 l l NOUN flr-177 246 8 r r NOUN flr-177 246 9             SPACE flr-177 246 10 17 17 NUM flr-177 246 11     SPACE flr-177 246 12 table table NOUN flr-177 246 13 1 1 NUM flr-177 246 14 summary summary NOUN flr-177 246 15 of of ADP flr-177 246 16 recent recent ADJ flr-177 246 17 changes change NOUN flr-177 246 18 of of ADP flr-177 246 19 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 20 education education NOUN flr-177 246 21 in in ADP flr-177 246 22 canada canada PROPN flr-177 246 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 24 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 246 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 26 denmark denmark PROPN flr-177 246 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 28 finland finland PROPN flr-177 246 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 30 uk uk PROPN flr-177 246 31 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 32 usa usa PROPN flr-177 246 33 driver driver PROPN flr-177 246 34 country country PROPN flr-177 246 35 massification massification PROPN flr-177 246 36 professionalization professionalization NOUN flr-177 246 37 quality quality NOUN flr-177 246 38 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 246 39 canada canada PROPN flr-177 246 40 • • ADP flr-177 246 41 aim aim VERB flr-177 246 42 to to PART flr-177 246 43 increase increase VERB flr-177 246 44 number number NOUN flr-177 246 45 of of ADP flr-177 246 46 phds phds NOUN flr-177 246 47 • • ADP flr-177 246 48 poor poor ADJ flr-177 246 49 employment employment NOUN flr-177 246 50 outlook outlook NOUN flr-177 246 51 within within ADP flr-177 246 52 academia academia NOUN flr-177 246 53 • • NOUN flr-177 246 54 funding funding NOUN flr-177 246 55 for for ADP flr-177 246 56 elite elite ADJ flr-177 246 57 students student NOUN flr-177 246 58 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 59 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 246 60 • • ADP flr-177 246 61 structuring structure VERB flr-177 246 62 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 63 fellowships fellowship NOUN flr-177 246 64 to to PART flr-177 246 65 be be AUX flr-177 246 66 in in ADP flr-177 246 67 line line NOUN flr-177 246 68 with with ADP flr-177 246 69 economic economic ADJ flr-177 246 70 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 71 social social ADJ flr-177 246 72 trends trend NOUN flr-177 246 73 • • DET flr-177 246 74 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-177 246 75 on on ADP flr-177 246 76 labor labor NOUN flr-177 246 77 market market NOUN flr-177 246 78 ready ready ADJ flr-177 246 79 skill skill NOUN flr-177 246 80 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-177 246 81 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 82 internships internship NOUN flr-177 246 83 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 84 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 85 partnerships partnership NOUN flr-177 246 86 with with ADP flr-177 246 87 industry industry NOUN flr-177 246 88 / / SYM flr-177 246 89 business business NOUN flr-177 246 90 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 246 91 • • NUM flr-177 246 92 investment investment NOUN flr-177 246 93 in in ADP flr-177 246 94 educating educate VERB flr-177 246 95 phds phds NOUN flr-177 246 96 abroad abroad ADV flr-177 246 97 to to PART flr-177 246 98 increase increase VERB flr-177 246 99 number number NOUN flr-177 246 100 of of ADP flr-177 246 101 degree degree NOUN flr-177 246 102 holders holder NOUN flr-177 246 103 • • ADP flr-177 246 104 rapid rapid ADJ flr-177 246 105 increase increase NOUN flr-177 246 106 in in ADP flr-177 246 107 the the DET flr-177 246 108 number number NOUN flr-177 246 109 of of ADP flr-177 246 110 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 111 programs program NOUN flr-177 246 112 providing provide VERB flr-177 246 113 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 246 114 • • NOUN flr-177 246 115 150 150 NUM flr-177 246 116 % % NOUN flr-177 246 117 increase increase NOUN flr-177 246 118 in in ADP flr-177 246 119 number number NOUN flr-177 246 120 of of ADP flr-177 246 121 phds phds NOUN flr-177 246 122 • • ADV flr-177 246 123 launching launch VERB flr-177 246 124 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 125 programs program NOUN flr-177 246 126 • • ADV flr-177 246 127 increase increase NOUN flr-177 246 128 in in ADP flr-177 246 129 regulation regulation NOUN flr-177 246 130 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 131 regulatory regulatory ADJ flr-177 246 132 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 246 133 • • ADV flr-177 246 134 defunding defunde VERB flr-177 246 135 education education NOUN flr-177 246 136 • • NOUN flr-177 246 137 cutting cut VERB flr-177 246 138 permanent permanent ADJ flr-177 246 139 places place NOUN flr-177 246 140 for for ADP flr-177 246 141 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 246 142 denmark denmark NOUN flr-177 246 143 • • NOUN flr-177 246 144 doubling double VERB flr-177 246 145 the the DET flr-177 246 146 annual annual ADJ flr-177 246 147 enrollment enrollment NOUN flr-177 246 148 of of ADP flr-177 246 149 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 150 students student NOUN flr-177 246 151 • • ADV flr-177 246 152 emphasizing emphasize VERB flr-177 246 153 learning learn VERB flr-177 246 154 of of ADP flr-177 246 155 generic generic ADJ flr-177 246 156 skills skill NOUN flr-177 246 157 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 158 interdisciplinarity interdisciplinarity NOUN flr-177 246 159 • • NOUN flr-177 246 160 investing invest VERB flr-177 246 161 in in ADP flr-177 246 162 developing develop VERB flr-177 246 163 teaching teaching NOUN flr-177 246 164 at at ADP flr-177 246 165 the the DET flr-177 246 166 university university NOUN flr-177 246 167 • • NOUN flr-177 246 168 harmonizing harmonize VERB flr-177 246 169 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 170 degree degree NOUN flr-177 246 171 according accord VERB flr-177 246 172 to to ADP flr-177 246 173 european european ADJ flr-177 246 174 standards standard NOUN flr-177 246 175 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 246 176 i.e. i.e. X flr-177 246 177 third third ADJ flr-177 246 178 cycle cycle NOUN flr-177 246 179 of of ADP flr-177 246 180 bologna bologna NOUN flr-177 246 181 process process NOUN flr-177 246 182 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 246 183 • • ADP flr-177 246 184 launching launch VERB flr-177 246 185 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 246 186 schools school NOUN flr-177 246 187 • • ADV flr-177 246 188 adopting adopt VERB flr-177 246 189 benchmarking benchmarke VERB flr-177 246 190 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 191 raking rake VERB flr-177 246 192 systems system NOUN flr-177 246 193 finland finland PROPN flr-177 246 194 • • NOUN flr-177 246 195 increase increase NOUN flr-177 246 196 in in ADP flr-177 246 197 number number NOUN flr-177 246 198 of of ADP flr-177 246 199 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 200 degree degree NOUN flr-177 246 201 holders holder NOUN flr-177 246 202 • • ADV flr-177 246 203 awarding award VERB flr-177 246 204 universities university NOUN flr-177 246 205 for for ADP flr-177 246 206 attracting attract VERB flr-177 246 207 international international ADJ flr-177 246 208 students student NOUN flr-177 246 209 completing complete VERB flr-177 246 210 the the DET flr-177 246 211 phds phds NOUN flr-177 246 212 • • ADV flr-177 246 213 launching launch VERB flr-177 246 214 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 215 schools school NOUN flr-177 246 216 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 217 programs program NOUN flr-177 246 218 • • ADV flr-177 246 219 harmonizing harmonize VERB flr-177 246 220 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 221 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 246 222 according accord VERB flr-177 246 223 to to ADP flr-177 246 224 european european ADJ flr-177 246 225 standards standard NOUN flr-177 246 226 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 246 227 adopting adopt VERB flr-177 246 228 bologna bologna NOUN flr-177 246 229 qualifications qualification NOUN flr-177 246 230 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 246 231 • • NUM flr-177 246 232 introducing introduce VERB flr-177 246 233 four four NUM flr-177 246 234 stage stage NOUN flr-177 246 235 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 246 236 career career NOUN flr-177 246 237 model model NOUN flr-177 246 238 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 239 tenure tenure NOUN flr-177 246 240 track track NOUN flr-177 246 241 system system NOUN flr-177 246 242 • • NOUN flr-177 246 243 launching launch VERB flr-177 246 244 international international ADJ flr-177 246 245 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 246 programs program NOUN flr-177 246 247 • • ADV flr-177 246 248 adopting adopt VERB flr-177 246 249 benchmarking benchmarke VERB flr-177 246 250 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 251 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 252 international international ADJ flr-177 246 253 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 246 254 systems system NOUN flr-177 246 255 uk uk PROPN flr-177 246 256 • • NOUN flr-177 246 257 increase increase NOUN flr-177 246 258 in in ADP flr-177 246 259 number number NOUN flr-177 246 260 of of ADP flr-177 246 261 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 262 students student NOUN flr-177 246 263 • • NUM flr-177 246 264 development development NOUN flr-177 246 265 of of ADP flr-177 246 266 professional professional ADJ flr-177 246 267 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 246 268 • • ADP flr-177 246 269 development development NOUN flr-177 246 270 of of ADP flr-177 246 271 legislation legislation NOUN flr-177 246 272 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 273 charters charter NOUN flr-177 246 274 to to PART flr-177 246 275 address address VERB flr-177 246 276 inequalities inequality NOUN flr-177 246 277 related relate VERB flr-177 246 278 to to ADP flr-177 246 279 gender gender NOUN flr-177 246 280 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 281 race race NOUN flr-177 246 282 inequalities inequality NOUN flr-177 246 283 • • NOUN flr-177 246 284 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-177 246 285 on on ADP flr-177 246 286 training training NOUN flr-177 246 287 : : PUNCT flr-177 246 288 in in ADP flr-177 246 289 skills skill NOUN flr-177 246 290 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 291 competences competence NOUN flr-177 246 292 • • ADV flr-177 246 293 providing provide VERB flr-177 246 294 national national ADJ flr-177 246 295 funding funding NOUN flr-177 246 296 for for ADP flr-177 246 297 generic generic ADJ flr-177 246 298 skills skill NOUN flr-177 246 299 training training NOUN flr-177 246 300 • • NOUN flr-177 246 301 more more ADV flr-177 246 302 structured structured ADJ flr-177 246 303 preparation preparation NOUN flr-177 246 304 for for ADP flr-177 246 305 phd phd NOUN flr-177 246 306 entry entry NOUN flr-177 246 307 degree degree NOUN flr-177 246 308 • • NOUN flr-177 246 309 contract contract NOUN flr-177 246 310 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 246 311 career career NOUN flr-177 246 312 system system NOUN flr-177 246 313 • • ADV flr-177 246 314 awarding award VERB flr-177 246 315 national national ADJ flr-177 246 316 funding funding NOUN flr-177 246 317 for for ADP flr-177 246 318 phd phd NOUN flr-177 246 319 scholarships scholarship NOUN flr-177 246 320 through through ADP flr-177 246 321 networks network NOUN flr-177 246 322 of of ADP flr-177 246 323 accredited accredit VERB flr-177 246 324 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 325 training training NOUN flr-177 246 326 centres centre NOUN flr-177 246 327 • • VERB flr-177 246 328 stronger strong ADJ flr-177 246 329 regulation regulation NOUN flr-177 246 330 of of ADP flr-177 246 331 a a DET flr-177 246 332 host host NOUN flr-177 246 333 of of ADP flr-177 246 334 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 335 education education NOUN flr-177 246 336 issues issue NOUN flr-177 246 337 usa usa PROPN flr-177 246 338 • • ADP flr-177 246 339 increase increase NOUN flr-177 246 340 in in ADP flr-177 246 341 both both CCONJ flr-177 246 342 professional professional ADJ flr-177 246 343 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 344 research research NOUN flr-177 246 345 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 246 346 • • ADV flr-177 246 347 aim aim VERB flr-177 246 348 to to PART flr-177 246 349 increase increase VERB flr-177 246 350 number number NOUN flr-177 246 351 of of ADP flr-177 246 352 phds phds NOUN flr-177 246 353 amongst amongst ADP flr-177 246 354 african african ADJ flr-177 246 355 american american ADJ flr-177 246 356 and and CCONJ flr-177 246 357 hispanic hispanic ADJ flr-177 246 358 leaners leaner NOUN flr-177 246 359 • • ADV flr-177 246 360 introducing introduce VERB flr-177 246 361 professional professional ADJ flr-177 246 362 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 246 363 degrees degree VERB flr-177 246 364 • • NOUN flr-177 246 365 emphasizing emphasize VERB flr-177 246 366 labor labor NOUN flr-177 246 367 market market NOUN flr-177 246 368 ready ready ADJ flr-177 246 369 skills skill NOUN flr-177 246 370 also also ADV flr-177 246 371 in in ADP flr-177 246 372 the the DET flr-177 246 373 training training NOUN flr-177 246 374 of of ADP flr-177 246 375 research research NOUN flr-177 246 376 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 246 377 • • ADV flr-177 246 378 defunding defunde VERB flr-177 246 379 education education NOUN flr-177 246 380 • • NOUN flr-177 246 381 cutting cut VERB flr-177 246 382 permanent permanent ADJ flr-177 246 383 faculty faculty NOUN flr-177 246 384 • • NOUN flr-177 246 385 increasing increase VERB flr-177 246 386 contingent contingent ADJ flr-177 246 387 labor labor NOUN flr-177 246 388 force force PROPN flr-177 246 389 andres andres PROPN flr-177 246 390 et et PROPN flr-177 246 391 al al PROPN flr-177 246 392     SPACE flr-177 246 393 | | ADV flr-177 246 394 f f NOUN flr-177 246 395 l l NOUN flr-177 246 396 r r NOUN flr-177 246 397             SPACE flr-177 246 398 18 18 NUM flr-177 246 399     SPACE flr-177 246 400 keypoints keypoint NOUN flr-177 246 401 the the DET flr-177 246 402 national national ADJ flr-177 246 403 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 404 or or CCONJ flr-177 246 405 local local ADJ flr-177 246 406 , , PUNCT flr-177 246 407 meanings meaning NOUN flr-177 246 408 of of ADP flr-177 246 409 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 246 410 education education NOUN flr-177 246 411 vary vary VERB flr-177 246 412 greatly greatly ADV flr-177 246 413 . . PUNCT flr-177 247 1 we we PRON flr-177 247 2 question question VERB flr-177 247 3 whether whether SCONJ flr-177 247 4 the the DET flr-177 247 5 phd phd NOUN flr-177 247 6 degree degree NOUN flr-177 247 7 is be AUX flr-177 247 8 a a DET flr-177 247 9 universal universal ADJ flr-177 247 10 degree degree NOUN flr-177 247 11 or or CCONJ flr-177 247 12 if if SCONJ flr-177 247 13 it it PRON flr-177 247 14 has have AUX flr-177 247 15 transformed transform VERB flr-177 247 16 into into ADP flr-177 247 17 a a DET flr-177 247 18 culturally culturally ADV flr-177 247 19 and and CCONJ flr-177 247 20 regionally regionally ADV flr-177 247 21 contextual contextual ADJ flr-177 247 22 educational educational ADJ flr-177 247 23 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN flr-177 247 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 248 1 comparison comparison NOUN flr-177 248 2 among among ADP flr-177 248 3 systems system NOUN flr-177 248 4 of of ADP flr-177 248 5 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 248 6 education education NOUN flr-177 248 7 on on ADP flr-177 248 8 the the DET flr-177 248 9 global global ADJ flr-177 248 10 level level NOUN flr-177 248 11 difficult difficult ADJ flr-177 248 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 248 13 fraught fraught ADJ flr-177 248 14 with with ADP flr-177 248 15 uncertainties uncertainty NOUN flr-177 248 16 and and CCONJ flr-177 248 17 potential potential ADJ flr-177 248 18 inequalities inequality NOUN flr-177 248 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 249 1 references reference NOUN flr-177 249 2 academy academy PROPN flr-177 249 3 of of ADP flr-177 249 4 finland finland PROPN flr-177 249 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 250 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 250 2 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 250 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 250 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 251 1 get get VERB flr-177 251 2 ahead ahead ADV flr-177 251 3 in in ADP flr-177 251 4 our our PRON flr-177 251 5 career career NOUN flr-177 251 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 252 1 get get VERB flr-177 252 2 a a DET flr-177 252 3 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 252 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 253 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 253 2 from from ADP flr-177 253 3 http://aka.smartpage.fi/en/doctors_career/. http://aka.smartpage.fi/en/doctors_career/. NOUN flr-177 253 4 andras andra NOUN flr-177 253 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 253 6 p. p. NOUN flr-177 253 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 253 8 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 253 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 253 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 254 1 research research NOUN flr-177 254 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 254 3 metrics metric NOUN flr-177 254 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 254 5 quality quality NOUN flr-177 254 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 254 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 254 8 management management NOUN flr-177 254 9 implications implication NOUN flr-177 254 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 255 1 research research NOUN flr-177 255 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 255 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 255 4 20(2 20(2 NUM flr-177 255 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 255 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 256 1 90–106 90–106 X flr-177 256 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 256 3 doi doi PROPN flr-177 256 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 256 5 10.3152/095820211x12941371876265 10.3152/095820211x12941371876265 NUM flr-177 256 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 256 7 auriol auriol PROPN flr-177 256 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 256 9 l. l. PROPN flr-177 256 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 256 11 misu misu PROPN flr-177 256 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 256 13 m. m. NOUN flr-177 256 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 256 15 & & CCONJ flr-177 256 16 freeman freeman PROPN flr-177 256 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 256 18 r. r. PROPN flr-177 256 19 a. a. PROPN flr-177 256 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 256 21 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 256 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 256 23 . . PUNCT flr-177 257 1 careers career NOUN flr-177 257 2 of of ADP flr-177 257 3 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 257 4 holders holder NOUN flr-177 257 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 257 6 analysis analysis NOUN flr-177 257 7 of of ADP flr-177 257 8 labour labour ADJ flr-177 257 9 market market NOUN flr-177 257 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 257 11 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 257 12 indicators indicator NOUN flr-177 257 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 258 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 258 2 science science PROPN flr-177 258 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 258 4 technology technology NOUN flr-177 258 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 258 6 industry industry NOUN flr-177 258 7 working working NOUN flr-177 258 8 papers paper NOUN flr-177 258 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 258 10 2013/04 2013/04 NUM flr-177 258 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 259 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 259 2 publishing publishing NOUN flr-177 259 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 260 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 260 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 260 3 10.1787/5k43nxgs289w 10.1787/5k43nxgs289w NUM flr-177 260 4 - - SYM flr-177 260 5 en en X flr-177 260 6 . . PROPN flr-177 260 7 auriol auriol PROPN flr-177 260 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 260 9 l. l. PROPN flr-177 260 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 260 11 schaaper schaaper ADV flr-177 260 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 260 13 m. m. NOUN flr-177 260 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 260 15 & & CCONJ flr-177 260 16 felix felix PROPN flr-177 260 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 260 18 b. b. PROPN flr-177 260 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 260 20 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 260 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 260 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 261 1 mapping mapping NOUN flr-177 261 2 careers career NOUN flr-177 261 3 and and CCONJ flr-177 261 4 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 261 5 of of ADP flr-177 261 6 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 261 7 holders holder NOUN flr-177 261 8 : : PUNCT flr-177 261 9 draft draft NOUN flr-177 261 10 guidelines guideline NOUN flr-177 261 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 261 12 model model NOUN flr-177 261 13 questionnaire questionnaire NOUN flr-177 261 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 261 15 indicators indicator NOUN flr-177 261 16 – – PUNCT flr-177 261 17 third third ADJ flr-177 261 18 edition edition NOUN flr-177 261 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 262 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 262 2 science science PROPN flr-177 262 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 262 4 technology technology NOUN flr-177 262 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 262 6 industry industry NOUN flr-177 262 7 working working NOUN flr-177 262 8 papers paper NOUN flr-177 262 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 262 10 2012/07 2012/07 NUM flr-177 262 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 263 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 263 2 publishing publishing NOUN flr-177 263 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 264 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 264 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 264 3 10.1787/5k4dnq2h4n5c 10.1787/5k4dnq2h4n5c NUM flr-177 264 4 - - PUNCT flr-177 264 5 en en PROPN flr-177 264 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 264 7 berlin berlin PROPN flr-177 264 8 communiqué communiqué PROPN flr-177 264 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 265 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 265 2 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 265 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 265 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 266 1 realising realise VERB flr-177 266 2 the the DET flr-177 266 3 european european ADJ flr-177 266 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 266 5 education education NOUN flr-177 266 6 area area NOUN flr-177 266 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 267 1 conference conference NOUN flr-177 267 2 of of ADP flr-177 267 3 ministers minister NOUN flr-177 267 4 responsible responsible ADJ flr-177 267 5 for for ADP flr-177 267 6 higher high ADJ flr-177 267 7 education education NOUN flr-177 267 8 in in ADP flr-177 267 9 33 33 NUM flr-177 267 10 european european ADJ flr-177 267 11 countries country NOUN flr-177 267 12 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 267 13 september september PROPN flr-177 267 14 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 267 15 . . PUNCT flr-177 268 1 bernstein bernstein PROPN flr-177 268 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 268 3 s. s. PROPN flr-177 268 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 268 5 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 268 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 268 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 269 1 the the DET flr-177 269 2 compromise compromise NOUN flr-177 269 3 of of ADP flr-177 269 4 liberal liberal ADJ flr-177 269 5 environmentalism environmentalism NOUN flr-177 269 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 270 1 new new PROPN flr-177 270 2 york york PROPN flr-177 270 3 : : PUNCT flr-177 270 4 columbia columbia PROPN flr-177 270 5 university university PROPN flr-177 270 6 press press NOUN flr-177 270 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 271 1 brunner brunner PROPN flr-177 271 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 271 3 j. j. PROPN flr-177 271 4 j. j. PROPN flr-177 271 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 271 6 2001 2001 NUM flr-177 271 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 271 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 272 1 globalización globalización PROPN flr-177 272 2 y y PROPN flr-177 272 3 el el PROPN flr-177 272 4 futuro futuro PROPN flr-177 272 5 de de PROPN flr-177 272 6 la la PROPN flr-177 272 7 educación educación PROPN flr-177 272 8 : : PUNCT flr-177 272 9 tendencias tendencias PROPN flr-177 272 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 272 11 desafíos desafíos PROPN flr-177 272 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 272 13 estrategias estrategias PROPN flr-177 272 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 273 1 análisis análisis PROPN flr-177 273 2 de de PROPN flr-177 273 3 prospectivas prospectivas PROPN flr-177 273 4 de de PROPN flr-177 273 5 la la X flr-177 273 6 educación educación PROPN flr-177 273 7 en en PROPN flr-177 273 8 américa américa PROPN flr-177 273 9 latina latina PROPN flr-177 273 10 y y PROPN flr-177 273 11 el el PROPN flr-177 273 12 caribe caribe PROPN flr-177 273 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 274 1 santiago santiago PROPN flr-177 274 2 de de PROPN flr-177 274 3 chile chile PROPN flr-177 274 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 274 5 unesco unesco PROPN flr-177 274 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 275 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 275 2 from from ADP flr-177 275 3 http://www.rmm.mineduc.cl/usuarios/jvill1/file/futuroedunesco.pdf http://www.rmm.mineduc.cl/usuarios/jvill1/file/futuroedunesco.pdf PROPN flr-177 275 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 275 5 bucharest bucharest PROPN flr-177 275 6 communiqué communiqué VERB flr-177 275 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 276 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 276 2 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 276 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 276 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 277 1 making make VERB flr-177 277 2 the the DET flr-177 277 3 most most ADJ flr-177 277 4 of of ADP flr-177 277 5 our our PRON flr-177 277 6 potential potential NOUN flr-177 277 7 : : PUNCT flr-177 277 8 consolidating consolidate VERB flr-177 277 9 the the DET flr-177 277 10 european european ADJ flr-177 277 11 higher high ADJ flr-177 277 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 278 1 education education NOUN flr-177 278 2 area area NOUN flr-177 278 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 279 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 279 2 from from ADP flr-177 279 3 http://www.ehea.info/uploads/%281%29/bucharest%20communique%202012%281%29.pdf http://www.ehea.info/uploads/%281%29/bucharest%20communique%202012%281%29.pdf PROPN flr-177 279 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 280 1 buela buela NOUN flr-177 280 2 - - PUNCT flr-177 280 3 casal casal NOUN flr-177 280 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 5 g. g. NOUN flr-177 280 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 7 gutiérrez gutiérrez NOUN flr-177 280 8 - - PUNCT flr-177 280 9 martínez martínez PROPN flr-177 280 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 11 o. o. PROPN flr-177 280 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 13 bermúdez bermúdez PROPN flr-177 280 14 - - PUNCT flr-177 280 15 sánchez sánchez NOUN flr-177 280 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 17 m. m. NOUN flr-177 280 18 p. p. PROPN flr-177 280 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 20 & & CCONJ flr-177 280 21 vadillo vadillo PROPN flr-177 280 22 - - PUNCT flr-177 280 23 muñoz muñoz PROPN flr-177 280 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 280 25 o. o. INTJ flr-177 280 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 280 27 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 280 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 280 29 . . PUNCT flr-177 281 1 comparative comparative ADJ flr-177 281 2 study study NOUN flr-177 281 3 of of ADP flr-177 281 4 international international ADJ flr-177 281 5 academic academic ADJ flr-177 281 6 rankings ranking NOUN flr-177 281 7 of of ADP flr-177 281 8 universities university NOUN flr-177 281 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 282 1 scientometrics scientometric NOUN flr-177 282 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 282 3 71(3 71(3 NUM flr-177 282 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 282 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 282 6 349 349 NUM flr-177 282 7 – – PUNCT flr-177 282 8 365 365 NUM flr-177 282 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 283 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 283 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 283 3 10.1007 10.1007 NUM flr-177 283 4 / / SYM flr-177 283 5 s11192 s11192 VERB flr-177 283 6 - - PUNCT flr-177 283 7 007 007 NUM flr-177 283 8 - - PUNCT flr-177 283 9 1653 1653 NUM flr-177 283 10 - - SYM flr-177 283 11 8 8 NUM flr-177 283 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 284 1 conference conference NOUN flr-177 284 2 board board PROPN flr-177 284 3 of of ADP flr-177 284 4 canada canada PROPN flr-177 284 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 285 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 285 2 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 285 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 285 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 286 1 how how SCONJ flr-177 286 2 canada canada PROPN flr-177 286 3 performs perform VERB flr-177 286 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 287 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 287 2 from from ADP flr-177 287 3 http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/provincial/education/phd.aspx http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/provincial/education/phd.aspx PROPN flr-177 287 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 288 1 danish danish PROPN flr-177 288 2 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 288 3 of of ADP flr-177 288 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 288 5 education education NOUN flr-177 288 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 288 7 science science NOUN flr-177 288 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 288 9 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 288 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 288 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 289 1 official official ADJ flr-177 289 2 website website NOUN flr-177 289 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 290 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 290 2 from from ADP flr-177 290 3 http://ufm.dk/en?set_language=en&cl=en http://ufm.dk/en?set_language=en&cl=en PROPN flr-177 290 4 danish danish PROPN flr-177 290 5 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 290 6 of of ADP flr-177 290 7 higher high ADJ flr-177 290 8 education education NOUN flr-177 290 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 290 10 science science NOUN flr-177 290 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 290 12 2015a 2015a NUM flr-177 290 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 290 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 291 1 official official ADJ flr-177 291 2 website website NOUN flr-177 291 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 292 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 292 2 from from ADP flr-177 292 3 http://ufm.dk/uddannelse-og-institutioner/videregaende-uddannelse/universiteter/ph-duddannelse/ph-d-skoler http://ufm.dk/uddannelse-og-institutioner/videregaende-uddannelse/universiteter/ph-duddannelse/ph-d-skoler PROPN flr-177 292 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 293 1 danish danish PROPN flr-177 293 2 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 293 3 of of ADP flr-177 293 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 293 5 education education NOUN flr-177 293 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 293 7 science science NOUN flr-177 293 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 293 9 2015b 2015b NUM flr-177 293 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 293 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 294 1 official official ADJ flr-177 294 2 website website NOUN flr-177 294 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 295 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 295 2 from from ADP flr-177 295 3 http://ufm.dk/uddannelse-og-institutioner/anerkendelse-ogdokumentation/dokumentation/kvalifikationsrammer/europaeisk-kvalifikationsramme-eqf http://ufm.dk/uddannelse-og-institutioner/anerkendelse-ogdokumentation/dokumentation/kvalifikationsrammer/europaeisk-kvalifikationsramme-eqf PROPN flr-177 295 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 296 1 department department PROPN flr-177 296 2 for for ADP flr-177 296 3 education education NOUN flr-177 296 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 296 5 skills skill NOUN flr-177 296 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 296 7 dfes dfe NOUN flr-177 296 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 296 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 297 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 297 2 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 297 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 297 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 298 1 the the DET flr-177 298 2 future future NOUN flr-177 298 3 of of ADP flr-177 298 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 298 5 education education NOUN flr-177 298 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 299 1 london london PROPN flr-177 299 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 299 3 hmso hmso PROPN flr-177 299 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 300 1 edler edler PROPN flr-177 300 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 3 j. j. PROPN flr-177 300 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 5 georhiou georhiou NOUN flr-177 300 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 7 l. l. PROPN flr-177 300 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 9 blind blind ADJ flr-177 300 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 11 k. k. PROPN flr-177 300 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 13 & & CCONJ flr-177 300 14 uyrra uyrra PROPN flr-177 300 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 300 16 e. e. PROPN flr-177 300 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 300 18 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 300 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 300 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 301 1 evaluating evaluate VERB flr-177 301 2 the the DET flr-177 301 3 demand demand NOUN flr-177 301 4 side side NOUN flr-177 301 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 301 6 new new ADJ flr-177 301 7 challenges challenge NOUN flr-177 301 8 for for ADP flr-177 301 9 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 301 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 302 1 research research NOUN flr-177 302 2 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 302 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 302 4 21 21 NUM flr-177 302 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 302 6 33–47 33–47 NUM flr-177 302 7 . . NOUN flr-177 302 8 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NOUN flr-177 302 9 / / SYM flr-177 302 10 reseval reseval PROPN flr-177 302 11 / / SYM flr-177 302 12 rvr002 rvr002 PROPN flr-177 302 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 303 1 elgar elgar PROPN flr-177 303 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 303 3 f. f. PROPN flr-177 303 4 j. j. PROPN flr-177 303 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 303 6 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 303 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 303 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 304 1 phd phd NOUN flr-177 304 2 degree degree NOUN flr-177 304 3 completion completion NOUN flr-177 304 4 in in ADP flr-177 304 5 canadian canadian ADJ flr-177 304 6 universities university NOUN flr-177 304 7 : : PUNCT flr-177 304 8 final final ADJ flr-177 304 9 report report NOUN flr-177 304 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 305 1 halifax halifax NOUN flr-177 305 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 305 3 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 305 4 students student NOUN flr-177 305 5 association association PROPN flr-177 305 6 of of ADP flr-177 305 7 canada canada PROPN flr-177 305 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 306 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 306 2 from from ADP flr-177 306 3 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/frank_elgar/publication/236595361_phd_degree_completion_in http://www.researchgate.net/profile/frank_elgar/publication/236595361_phd_degree_completion_in PROPN flr-177 306 4 _ _ PUNCT flr-177 306 5 canadian_universities_final_report canadian_universities_final_report NOUN flr-177 306 6 / / SYM flr-177 306 7 links/02e7e5182b86db33e0000000.pdf links/02e7e5182b86db33e0000000.pdf PROPN flr-177 306 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 307 1 andres andres PROPN flr-177 307 2 et et PROPN flr-177 307 3 al al PROPN flr-177 307 4     SPACE flr-177 307 5 | | ADV flr-177 307 6 f f NOUN flr-177 307 7 l l NOUN flr-177 307 8 r r NOUN flr-177 307 9             SPACE flr-177 307 10 19 19 NUM flr-177 307 11     SPACE flr-177 307 12 eua eua PROPN flr-177 307 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 307 14 european european PROPN flr-177 307 15 university university PROPN flr-177 307 16 association association PROPN flr-177 307 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 307 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 308 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 308 2 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 308 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 308 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 309 1 collaborative collaborative ADJ flr-177 309 2 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 309 3 education education NOUN flr-177 309 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 309 5 university university NOUN flr-177 309 6 - - PUNCT flr-177 309 7 industry industry NOUN flr-177 309 8 partnerships partnership NOUN flr-177 309 9 for for ADP flr-177 309 10 enhancing enhance VERB flr-177 309 11 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 309 12 exchange exchange NOUN flr-177 309 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 310 1 eua eua PROPN flr-177 310 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 310 3 brussels brussels PROPN flr-177 310 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 311 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 311 2 from from ADP flr-177 311 3 http://www.eua.be/eua-work-and-policy-area/research-and-innovation/doctoral-education/doc-careers/. http://www.eua.be/eua-work-and-policy-area/research-and-innovation/doctoral-education/doc-careers/. NOUN flr-177 311 4 eua eua PROPN flr-177 311 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 311 6 european european PROPN flr-177 311 7 university university PROPN flr-177 311 8 association association PROPN flr-177 311 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 311 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 312 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 312 2 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 312 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 312 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 313 1 salzburg salzburg PROPN flr-177 313 2 ii ii PROPN flr-177 313 3 recommendations recommendation NOUN flr-177 313 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 313 5 european european ADJ flr-177 313 6 universities university NOUN flr-177 313 7 ’ ’ PART flr-177 313 8 achievements achievement NOUN flr-177 313 9 since since SCONJ flr-177 313 10 2005 2005 NUM flr-177 313 11 in in ADP flr-177 313 12 implementing implement VERB flr-177 313 13 the the DET flr-177 313 14 salzburg salzburg PROPN flr-177 313 15 principles principle NOUN flr-177 313 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 314 1 eua eua PROPN flr-177 314 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 314 3 brussels brussels PROPN flr-177 314 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 315 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 315 2 from from ADP flr-177 315 3 http://www.eua.be/news/10-1028/eua_publishes_recommendations_for_continued_reform_of_doctoral_education.aspx http://www.eua.be/news/10-1028/eua_publishes_recommendations_for_continued_reform_of_doctoral_education.aspx NOUN flr-177 315 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 316 1 european european PROPN flr-177 316 2 commission commission PROPN flr-177 316 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 317 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 317 2 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 317 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 317 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 318 1 european european PROPN flr-177 318 2 research research PROPN flr-177 318 3 area area NOUN flr-177 318 4 progress progress NOUN flr-177 318 5 report report NOUN flr-177 318 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 319 1 brussels brussels PROPN flr-177 319 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 319 3 european european PROPN flr-177 319 4 commission commission PROPN flr-177 319 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 320 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 320 2 from from ADP flr-177 320 3 http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/eraprogress_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/eraprogress_en.htm PROPN flr-177 320 4 european european PROPN flr-177 320 5 higher high ADJ flr-177 320 6 education education NOUN flr-177 320 7 area area NOUN flr-177 320 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 321 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 321 2 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 321 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 321 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 322 1 official official ADJ flr-177 322 2 website website NOUN flr-177 322 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 323 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 323 2 from from ADP flr-177 323 3 http://www.ehea.info http://www.ehea.info NOUN flr-177 323 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 324 1 fernandez fernandez PROPN flr-177 324 2 - - PUNCT flr-177 324 3 zubieta zubieta PROPN flr-177 324 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 324 5 a. a. PROPN flr-177 324 6 & & CCONJ flr-177 324 7 guy guy PROPN flr-177 324 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 324 9 k. k. PROPN flr-177 324 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 324 11 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 324 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 324 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 325 1 developing develop VERB flr-177 325 2 the the DET flr-177 325 3 european european PROPN flr-177 325 4 eesearch eesearch PROPN flr-177 325 5 area area NOUN flr-177 325 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 325 7 improving improve VERB flr-177 325 8 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-177 325 9 flows flow NOUN flr-177 325 10 via via ADP flr-177 325 11 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 325 12 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 325 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 326 1 jcr jcr PROPN flr-177 326 2 scientific scientific ADJ flr-177 326 3 and and CCONJ flr-177 326 4 technical technical ADJ flr-177 326 5 reports report NOUN flr-177 326 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 327 1 european european PROPN flr-177 327 2 commission commission PROPN flr-177 327 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 327 4 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 327 5 from from ADP flr-177 327 6 http://erawatch.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erawatch/opencms/information/reports/countries/eu/report_0020 http://erawatch.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erawatch/opencms/information/reports/countries/eu/report_0020 PROPN flr-177 327 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 328 1 finnish finnish PROPN flr-177 328 2 ministry ministry PROPN flr-177 328 3 of of ADP flr-177 328 4 education education PROPN flr-177 328 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 328 6 1997 1997 NUM flr-177 328 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 328 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 329 1 tutkijakoulut tutkijakoulut NOUN flr-177 329 2 suomessa suomessa ADJ flr-177 329 3 1995–1998 1995–1998 NUM flr-177 329 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 330 1 tutkijakouluissa tutkijakouluissa ADJ flr-177 330 2 annettavan annettavan PROPN flr-177 330 3 opetuksen opetuksen PROPN flr-177 330 4 ja ja PROPN flr-177 330 5 ohjauksen ohjauksen PROPN flr-177 330 6 laadun laadun PROPN flr-177 330 7 arviointi arviointi VERB flr-177 330 8 [ [ NOUN flr-177 330 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 330 10 schools school NOUN flr-177 330 11 in in ADP flr-177 330 12 finland finland PROPN flr-177 330 13 1995–1998 1995–1998 NUM flr-177 330 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 331 1 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 331 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 332 1 opetusministeriö opetusministeriö NOUN flr-177 332 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 332 3 koulutusja koulutusja ADJ flr-177 332 4 tiedepolitiikan tiedepolitiikan PROPN flr-177 332 5 osasto osasto NOUN flr-177 332 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 333 1 fiske fiske PROPN flr-177 333 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 333 3 p. p. NOUN flr-177 333 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 333 5 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 333 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 333 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 334 1 what what PRON flr-177 334 2 is be AUX flr-177 334 3 a a DET flr-177 334 4 phd phd NOUN flr-177 334 5 really really ADV flr-177 334 6 worth worth ADJ flr-177 334 7 ? ? PUNCT flr-177 335 1 nature nature NOUN flr-177 335 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 335 3 472 472 NUM flr-177 335 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 335 5 381 381 NUM flr-177 335 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 335 7 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NOUN flr-177 335 8 / / SYM flr-177 335 9 nj7343 nj7343 NOUN flr-177 335 10 - - PUNCT flr-177 335 11 381a 381a NOUN flr-177 335 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 336 1 fortes fortis NOUN flr-177 336 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 336 3 m. m. NOUN flr-177 336 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 336 5 kehm kehm PROPN flr-177 336 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 336 7 b. b. PROPN flr-177 336 8 m. m. PROPN flr-177 336 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 336 10 & & CCONJ flr-177 336 11 mayekiso mayekiso PROPN flr-177 336 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 336 13 t. t. PROPN flr-177 336 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 336 15 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 336 16 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 336 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 337 1 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 337 2 and and CCONJ flr-177 337 3 quality quality NOUN flr-177 337 4 management management NOUN flr-177 337 5 in in ADP flr-177 337 6 europe europe PROPN flr-177 337 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 337 8 mexico mexico PROPN flr-177 337 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 337 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 337 11 south south PROPN flr-177 337 12 africa africa PROPN flr-177 337 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 338 1 in in ADP flr-177 338 2 m. m. PROPN flr-177 338 3 nerad nerad PROPN flr-177 338 4 & & CCONJ flr-177 338 5 b. b. PROPN flr-177 338 6 evans evans PROPN flr-177 338 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 338 8 eds eds PROPN flr-177 338 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 338 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 338 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 338 12 globalization globalization NOUN flr-177 338 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 338 14 its its PRON flr-177 338 15 impacts impact NOUN flr-177 338 16 on on ADP flr-177 338 17 the the DET flr-177 338 18 quality quality NOUN flr-177 338 19 of of ADP flr-177 338 20 phd phd NOUN flr-177 338 21 education education NOUN flr-177 338 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 338 23 pp pp ADJ flr-177 338 24 . . PUNCT flr-177 339 1 81–110 81–110 NUM flr-177 339 2 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 339 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 340 1 springer springer NOUN flr-177 340 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 341 1 rotterdam rotterdam PROPN flr-177 341 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 342 1 frank frank PROPN flr-177 342 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 342 3 r. r. PROPN flr-177 342 4 h. h. PROPN flr-177 342 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 342 6 1999 1999 NUM flr-177 342 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 342 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 343 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 343 2 education education NOUN flr-177 343 3 : : PUNCT flr-177 343 4 the the DET flr-177 343 5 ultimate ultimate ADJ flr-177 343 6 winner winner NOUN flr-177 343 7 - - PUNCT flr-177 343 8 take take VERB flr-177 343 9 - - PUNCT flr-177 343 10 all all DET flr-177 343 11 market market NOUN flr-177 343 12 ? ? PUNCT flr-177 344 1 ithica ithica PROPN flr-177 344 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 344 3 ny ny PROPN flr-177 344 4 . . PROPN flr-177 344 5 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 344 6 from from ADP flr-177 344 7 http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cheri/2/. http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cheri/2/. PROPN flr-177 344 8 garam garam PROPN flr-177 344 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 344 10 i. i. PROPN flr-177 344 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 344 12 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 344 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 344 14 kansainvälinen kansainvälinen NOUN flr-177 344 15 liikkuvuus liikkuvuus PROPN flr-177 344 16 yliopistoissa yliopistoissa PROPN flr-177 344 17 ja ja PROPN flr-177 344 18 ammattikorkeakouluissa ammattikorkeakouluissa ADJ flr-177 344 19 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 344 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 345 1 tietoja tietoja PROPN flr-177 346 1 ja ja PROPN flr-177 346 2 tilastoja tilastoja NOUN flr-177 346 3 -raportti -raportti PROPN flr-177 346 4 2/2014 2/2014 PROPN flr-177 346 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 346 6 centre centre PROPN flr-177 346 7 for for ADP flr-177 346 8 international international ADJ flr-177 346 9 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 346 10 cimo cimo NOUN flr-177 346 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 347 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 347 2 from from ADP flr-177 347 3 http://www.cimo.fi/instancedata/prime_product_julkaisu/cimo/embeds/cimowwwstructure/32368_tieto http://www.cimo.fi/instancedata/prime_product_julkaisu/cimo/embeds/cimowwwstructure/32368_tieto ADJ flr-177 347 4 a_ja_tilastoja-raportti_2_2014.pdf a_ja_tilastoja-raportti_2_2014.pdf PROPN flr-177 347 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 347 6 general general ADJ flr-177 347 7 law law NOUN flr-177 347 8 of of ADP flr-177 347 9 education education NOUN flr-177 347 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 348 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 348 2 1994 1994 NUM flr-177 348 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 348 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 349 1 [ [ X flr-177 349 2 law law NOUN flr-177 349 3 115 115 NUM flr-177 349 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 349 5 1994 1994 NUM flr-177 349 6 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 349 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 350 1 do do VERB flr-177 350 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 350 3 41.214 41.214 NUM flr-177 350 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 351 1 colombian colombian ADJ flr-177 351 2 congress congress PROPN flr-177 351 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 352 1 geuna geuna PROPN flr-177 352 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 352 3 a. a. PROPN flr-177 352 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 352 5 & & CCONJ flr-177 352 6 martin martin PROPN flr-177 352 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 352 8 b. b. PROPN flr-177 352 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 352 10 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 352 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 352 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 353 1 university university NOUN flr-177 353 2 research research NOUN flr-177 353 3 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 353 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 353 5 funding funding NOUN flr-177 353 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 353 7 an an DET flr-177 353 8 international international ADJ flr-177 353 9 comparison comparison NOUN flr-177 353 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 353 11 minerva minerva PROPN flr-177 353 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 353 13 41(4 41(4 NUM flr-177 353 14 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 353 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 353 16 277–304 277–304 NUM flr-177 353 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 353 18 doi doi NOUN flr-177 353 19 : : PUNCT flr-177 354 1 10.1023 10.1023 NUM flr-177 354 2 / / SYM flr-177 354 3 b b NOUN flr-177 354 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 354 5 mine.0000005155.70870.bd mine.0000005155.70870.bd PROPN flr-177 354 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 355 1 gilbert gilbert PROPN flr-177 355 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 3 r. r. PROPN flr-177 355 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 5 balatti balatti PROPN flr-177 355 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 7 j. j. PROPN flr-177 355 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 9 turner turner PROPN flr-177 355 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 11 p. p. PROPN flr-177 355 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 13 & & CCONJ flr-177 355 14 whitehouse whitehouse NOUN flr-177 355 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 355 16 h. h. PROPN flr-177 355 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 355 18 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 355 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 355 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 356 1 the the DET flr-177 356 2 generic generic ADJ flr-177 356 3 skills skill NOUN flr-177 356 4 debate debate NOUN flr-177 356 5 in in ADP flr-177 356 6 research research NOUN flr-177 356 7 higher high ADJ flr-177 356 8 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 356 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 357 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 357 2 education education PROPN flr-177 357 3 research research NOUN flr-177 357 4 & & CCONJ flr-177 357 5 development development NOUN flr-177 357 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 357 7 23(3 23(3 NUM flr-177 357 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 357 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 357 10 375–388 375–388 NUM flr-177 357 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 357 12 doi doi NOUN flr-177 357 13 : : PUNCT flr-177 357 14 10.1080/0729436042000235454 10.1080/0729436042000235454 NUM flr-177 357 15 grafton grafton PROPN flr-177 357 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 357 17 a. a. NOUN flr-177 357 18 t. t. PROPN flr-177 357 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 357 20 & & CCONJ flr-177 357 21 grossman grossman PROPN flr-177 357 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 357 23 j. j. PROPN flr-177 357 24 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 357 25 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 357 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 357 27 . . PUNCT flr-177 358 1 no no DET flr-177 358 2 more more ADJ flr-177 358 3 plan plan NOUN flr-177 358 4 b b NOUN flr-177 358 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 358 6 a a DET flr-177 358 7 very very ADV flr-177 358 8 modest modest ADJ flr-177 358 9 proposal proposal NOUN flr-177 358 10 for for ADP flr-177 358 11 graduate graduate NOUN flr-177 358 12 programs program NOUN flr-177 358 13 in in ADP flr-177 358 14 history history NOUN flr-177 358 15 . . PUNCT flr-177 359 1 historians.org historians.org X flr-177 359 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 359 3 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 359 4 from from ADP flr-177 359 5 http://historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectiveson-history/october-2011/no-more-plan-b http://historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectiveson-history/october-2011/no-more-plan-b PROPN flr-177 359 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 360 1 green green PROPN flr-177 360 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 360 3 b. b. PROPN flr-177 360 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 360 5 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 360 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 360 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 361 1 challenging challenge VERB flr-177 361 2 perspectives perspective NOUN flr-177 361 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 361 4 challenging challenging ADJ flr-177 361 5 practices practice NOUN flr-177 361 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 362 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 362 2 education education NOUN flr-177 362 3 in in ADP flr-177 362 4 transition transition NOUN flr-177 362 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 363 1 in in ADP flr-177 363 2 boud boud PROPN flr-177 363 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 363 4 d. d. PROPN flr-177 363 5 & & CCONJ flr-177 363 6 lee lee PROPN flr-177 363 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 363 8 a. a. PROPN flr-177 363 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 363 10 eds ed NOUN flr-177 363 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 363 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 363 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 364 1 changing change VERB flr-177 364 2 practices practice NOUN flr-177 364 3 of of ADP flr-177 364 4 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 364 5 education education NOUN flr-177 364 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 365 1 london london PROPN flr-177 365 2 & & CCONJ flr-177 365 3 new new PROPN flr-177 365 4 york york PROPN flr-177 365 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 365 6 routledge routledge PROPN flr-177 365 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 366 1 gudmundsson gudmundsson PROPN flr-177 366 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 366 3 h. h. PROPN flr-177 366 4 k. k. PROPN flr-177 366 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 366 6 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 366 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 366 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 367 1 nordic nordic ADJ flr-177 367 2 countries country NOUN flr-177 367 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 368 1 in in ADP flr-177 368 2 nerad nerad PROPN flr-177 368 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 368 4 m. m. NOUN flr-177 368 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 368 6 & & CCONJ flr-177 368 7 heggelund heggelund PROPN flr-177 368 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 368 9 m. m. NOUN flr-177 368 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 368 11 eds ed NOUN flr-177 368 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 368 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 368 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 369 1 toward toward ADP flr-177 369 2 a a DET flr-177 369 3 global global ADJ flr-177 369 4 phd phd NOUN flr-177 369 5 ? ? PUNCT flr-177 369 6 forces force NOUN flr-177 369 7 & & CCONJ flr-177 369 8 forms form NOUN flr-177 369 9 in in ADP flr-177 369 10 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 369 11 education education NOUN flr-177 369 12 worldwide worldwide ADV flr-177 369 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 370 1 seattle seattle PROPN flr-177 370 2 & & CCONJ flr-177 370 3 london london PROPN flr-177 370 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 370 5 university university NOUN flr-177 370 6 of of ADP flr-177 370 7 washington washington PROPN flr-177 370 8 press press PROPN flr-177 370 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 371 1 harris harris PROPN flr-177 371 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 371 3 m. m. NOUN flr-177 371 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 371 5 1996 1996 NUM flr-177 371 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 371 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 372 1 review review NOUN flr-177 372 2 of of ADP flr-177 372 3 postgraduate postgraduate ADJ flr-177 372 4 education education NOUN flr-177 372 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 373 1 report report NOUN flr-177 373 2 for for ADP flr-177 373 3 higher high ADJ flr-177 373 4 educational educational ADJ flr-177 373 5 funding funding NOUN flr-177 373 6 council council PROPN flr-177 373 7 for for ADP flr-177 373 8 england england PROPN flr-177 373 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 373 10 committee committee NOUN flr-177 373 11 of of ADP flr-177 373 12 vice vice NOUN flr-177 373 13 chancellors chancellor NOUN flr-177 373 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 373 15 principals principal NOUN flr-177 373 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 373 17 and and CCONJ flr-177 373 18 standing stand VERB flr-177 373 19 conference conference NOUN flr-177 373 20 of of ADP flr-177 373 21 principals principal NOUN flr-177 373 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 373 23 bristol bristol PROPN flr-177 373 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 373 25 . . PUNCT flr-177 374 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 374 2 education education PROPN flr-177 374 3 statistics statistics PROPN flr-177 374 4 agency agency PROPN flr-177 374 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 374 6 n.d n.d PROPN flr-177 374 7 . . PROPN flr-177 374 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 374 9 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 374 10 from from ADP flr-177 374 11 https://www.hesa.ac.uk/component/datatables/ https://www.hesa.ac.uk/component/datatables/ PROPN flr-177 374 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 374 13 accessed access VERB flr-177 374 14 29 29 NUM flr-177 374 15 april april PROPN flr-177 374 16 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 374 17 hsieh hsieh PROPN flr-177 374 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 374 19 h.-f h.-f NOUN flr-177 374 20 . . PUNCT flr-177 374 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 374 22 & & CCONJ flr-177 374 23 shannon shannon PROPN flr-177 374 24 , , PUNCT flr-177 374 25 s. s. PROPN flr-177 374 26 e. e. PROPN flr-177 374 27 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 374 28 2005 2005 NUM flr-177 374 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 374 30 . . PUNCT flr-177 375 1 three three NUM flr-177 375 2 approaches approach NOUN flr-177 375 3 to to ADP flr-177 375 4 qualitative qualitative ADJ flr-177 375 5 content content NOUN flr-177 375 6 analysis analysis NOUN flr-177 375 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 376 1 qualitative qualitative ADJ flr-177 376 2 health health NOUN flr-177 376 3 research research NOUN flr-177 376 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 376 5 15(9 15(9 NUM flr-177 376 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 376 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 376 8 1277–1288 1277–1288 NUM flr-177 376 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 377 1 doi:10.1177/1049732305276687 doi:10.1177/1049732305276687 PROPN flr-177 377 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 378 1 institute institute PROPN flr-177 378 2 for for ADP flr-177 378 3 employment employment NOUN flr-177 378 4 research research NOUN flr-177 378 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 379 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 379 2 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 379 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 379 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 380 1 bulletin bulletin NOUN flr-177 380 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 380 3 women woman NOUN flr-177 380 4 in in ADP flr-177 380 5 science science NOUN flr-177 380 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 380 7 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 380 8 and and CCONJ flr-177 380 9 technology technology NOUN flr-177 380 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 381 1 university university NOUN flr-177 381 2 of of ADP flr-177 381 3 warwick warwick PROPN flr-177 381 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 381 5 warwick warwick PROPN flr-177 381 6 . . PROPN flr-177 382 1 institute institute PROPN flr-177 382 2 for for ADP flr-177 382 3 the the DET flr-177 382 4 public public ADJ flr-177 382 5 life life NOUN flr-177 382 6 of of ADP flr-177 382 7 arts art NOUN flr-177 382 8 and and CCONJ flr-177 382 9 ideas idea NOUN flr-177 382 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 383 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 383 2 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 383 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 383 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 384 1 white white ADJ flr-177 384 2 paper paper PROPN flr-177 384 3 on on ADP flr-177 384 4 the the DET flr-177 384 5 future future NOUN flr-177 384 6 of of ADP flr-177 384 7 the the DET flr-177 384 8 phd phd NOUN flr-177 384 9 in in ADP flr-177 384 10 the the DET flr-177 384 11 humanities humanity NOUN flr-177 384 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 385 1 montreal montreal PROPN flr-177 385 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 386 1 mcgill mcgill PROPN flr-177 386 2 university university PROPN flr-177 386 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 387 1 andres andres PROPN flr-177 387 2 et et PROPN flr-177 387 3 al al PROPN flr-177 387 4     SPACE flr-177 387 5 | | ADV flr-177 387 6 f f NOUN flr-177 387 7 l l NOUN flr-177 387 8 r r NOUN flr-177 387 9             SPACE flr-177 387 10 20 20 NUM flr-177 387 11     SPACE flr-177 387 12 jaramillo jaramillo PROPN flr-177 387 13 s. s. PROPN flr-177 387 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 387 15 h. h. PROPN flr-177 387 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 387 17 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 387 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 387 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 388 1 la la PROPN flr-177 388 2 formación formación PROPN flr-177 388 3 de de X flr-177 388 4 posgrado posgrado PROPN flr-177 388 5 en en PROPN flr-177 388 6 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 388 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 389 1 revista revista PROPN flr-177 389 2 iberoamericana iberoamericana PROPN flr-177 389 3 de de PROPN flr-177 389 4 ciencia ciencia PROPN flr-177 389 5 tecnología tecnología PROPN flr-177 389 6 y y PROPN flr-177 389 7 sociedad sociedad PROPN flr-177 389 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 389 9 5(13 5(13 NUM flr-177 389 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 389 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 389 12 131–155 131–155 NUM flr-177 389 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 389 14 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 389 15 from from ADP flr-177 389 16 http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s185000132009000200008&lng=es&nrm=iso http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s185000132009000200008&lng=es&nrm=iso PROPN flr-177 389 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 390 1 issn issn PROPN flr-177 390 2 1850 1850 NUM flr-177 390 3 - - SYM flr-177 390 4 0013 0013 NUM flr-177 390 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 391 1 jaschik jaschik PROPN flr-177 391 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 391 3 s. s. PROPN flr-177 391 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 391 5 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 391 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 391 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 392 1 a a DET flr-177 392 2 broader broad ADJ flr-177 392 3 history history NOUN flr-177 392 4 ph.d ph.d PROPN flr-177 392 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 393 1 inside inside ADP flr-177 393 2 higher high ADJ flr-177 393 3 ed ed NOUN flr-177 393 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 394 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 394 2 from from ADP flr-177 394 3 https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/03/20/historians-association-and-four-doctoral-programsstart-new-effort-broaden-phd https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/03/20/historians-association-and-four-doctoral-programsstart-new-effort-broaden-phd PROPN flr-177 394 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 395 1 june june PROPN flr-177 395 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 395 3 a. a. PROPN flr-177 395 4 w. w. PROPN flr-177 395 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 395 6 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 395 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 395 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 396 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 396 2 degrees degree NOUN flr-177 396 3 increased increase VERB flr-177 396 4 last last ADJ flr-177 396 5 year year NOUN flr-177 396 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 396 7 but but CCONJ flr-177 396 8 career career NOUN flr-177 396 9 opportunities opportunity NOUN flr-177 396 10 remained remain VERB flr-177 396 11 bleak bleak ADJ flr-177 396 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 397 1 the the DET flr-177 397 2 chronicle chronicle PROPN flr-177 397 3 of of ADP flr-177 397 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 397 5 education education NOUN flr-177 397 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 398 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 398 2 from from ADP flr-177 398 3 http://chronicle.com/article/doctoral-degreesincreased/150421/ http://chronicle.com/article/doctoral-degreesincreased/150421/ PROPN flr-177 398 4 kehm kehm PROPN flr-177 398 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 398 6 b. b. PROPN flr-177 398 7 m. m. PROPN flr-177 398 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 398 9 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 398 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 398 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 399 1 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 399 2 education education NOUN flr-177 399 3 in in ADP flr-177 399 4 europe europe PROPN flr-177 399 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 399 6 north north PROPN flr-177 399 7 america america PROPN flr-177 399 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 400 1 a a DET flr-177 400 2 comparative comparative ADJ flr-177 400 3 analysis analysis NOUN flr-177 400 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 401 1 in in ADP flr-177 401 2 u. u. PROPN flr-177 401 3 teichler teichler NOUN flr-177 401 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 401 5 ed ed NOUN flr-177 401 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 401 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 401 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 401 9 the the DET flr-177 401 10 formative formative ADJ flr-177 401 11 years year NOUN flr-177 401 12 of of ADP flr-177 401 13 scholars scholar NOUN flr-177 401 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 402 1 wenner wenner NOUN flr-177 402 2 - - PUNCT flr-177 402 3 gren gren PROPN flr-177 402 4 international international PROPN flr-177 402 5 series series PROPN flr-177 402 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 402 7 vol vol NOUN flr-177 402 8 . . PROPN flr-177 402 9 83 83 NUM flr-177 403 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 403 2 pp pp ADJ flr-177 403 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 404 1 67 67 NUM flr-177 404 2 – – PUNCT flr-177 404 3 78 78 NUM flr-177 404 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 404 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 405 1 london london PROPN flr-177 405 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 405 3 portland portland PROPN flr-177 405 4 press press PROPN flr-177 405 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 406 1 kota kota PROPN flr-177 406 2 - - PUNCT flr-177 406 3 national national PROPN flr-177 406 4 data datum NOUN flr-177 406 5 base base NOUN flr-177 406 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 407 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 407 2 2009 2009 NUM flr-177 407 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 407 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 408 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 408 2 from from ADP flr-177 408 3 https://kotaplus.csc.fi/online/transfer.do https://kotaplus.csc.fi/online/transfer.do NOUN flr-177 408 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 409 1 lederman lederman PROPN flr-177 409 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 409 3 d. d. PROPN flr-177 409 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 409 5 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 409 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 409 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 410 1 doctorates doctorate VERB flr-177 410 2 up up ADP flr-177 410 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 410 4 career career NOUN flr-177 410 5 prospects prospect NOUN flr-177 410 6 not not PART flr-177 410 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 411 1 inside inside ADP flr-177 411 2 higher high ADJ flr-177 411 3 ed ed NOUN flr-177 411 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 412 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 412 2 from from ADP flr-177 412 3 https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/12/08/number-phds-awarded-climbs-recipients-jobprospects-dropping https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/12/08/number-phds-awarded-climbs-recipients-jobprospects-droppe VERB flr-177 412 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 413 1 mla mla PROPN flr-177 413 2 task task NOUN flr-177 413 3 force force NOUN flr-177 413 4 on on ADP flr-177 413 5 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 413 6 study study NOUN flr-177 413 7 in in ADP flr-177 413 8 modern modern ADJ flr-177 413 9 language language NOUN flr-177 413 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 413 11 literature literature NOUN flr-177 413 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 414 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 414 2 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 414 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 414 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 415 1 report report NOUN flr-177 415 2 of of ADP flr-177 415 3 the the DET flr-177 415 4 mla mla PROPN flr-177 415 5 task task NOUN flr-177 415 6 force force NOUN flr-177 415 7 on on ADP flr-177 415 8 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 415 9 study study NOUN flr-177 415 10 in in ADP flr-177 415 11 modern modern ADJ flr-177 415 12 language language NOUN flr-177 415 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 415 14 literature literature NOUN flr-177 415 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 415 16 1–41 1–41 PROPN flr-177 415 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 416 1 moguérou moguérou PROPN flr-177 416 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 416 3 p. p. PROPN flr-177 416 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 416 5 & & CCONJ flr-177 416 6 di di PROPN flr-177 416 7 pietrogiacomo pietrogiacomo PROPN flr-177 416 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 416 9 m. m. NOUN flr-177 416 10 p. p. NOUN flr-177 416 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 416 12 2008 2008 NUM flr-177 416 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 416 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 417 1 stock stock NOUN flr-177 417 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 417 3 career career NOUN flr-177 417 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 417 5 mobility mobility NOUN flr-177 417 6 of of ADP flr-177 417 7 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 417 8 in in ADP flr-177 417 9 the the DET flr-177 417 10 eu eu PROPN flr-177 417 11 . . PROPN flr-177 417 12 jcr jcr PROPN flr-177 417 13 scientific scientific ADJ flr-177 417 14 and and CCONJ flr-177 417 15 technical technical ADJ flr-177 417 16 reports report NOUN flr-177 417 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 418 1 european european ADJ flr-177 418 2 comission comission PROPN flr-177 418 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 419 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 419 2 from from ADP flr-177 419 3 http://erawatch.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erawatch/opencms/information/reports/countries/eu/report_mig_0011 http://erawatch.jrc.ec.europa.eu/erawatch/opencms/information/reports/countries/eu/report_mig_0011 PROPN flr-177 419 4 morley morley NOUN flr-177 419 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 419 6 l. l. PROPN flr-177 419 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 419 8 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 419 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 419 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 420 1 interrogating interrogate VERB flr-177 420 2 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 420 3 assessment assessment NOUN flr-177 420 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 421 1 international international ADJ flr-177 421 2 journal journal NOUN flr-177 421 3 of of ADP flr-177 421 4 educational educational ADJ flr-177 421 5 research research NOUN flr-177 421 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 421 7 41(2 41(2 NUM flr-177 421 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 421 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 421 10 91–97 91–97 NUM flr-177 421 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 422 1 morley morley PROPN flr-177 422 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 422 3 l. l. PROPN flr-177 422 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 422 5 leonard leonard PROPN flr-177 422 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 422 7 d. d. PROPN flr-177 422 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 422 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 422 10 david david PROPN flr-177 422 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 422 12 m. m. NOUN flr-177 422 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 422 14 2002 2002 NUM flr-177 422 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 422 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 423 1 variations variation NOUN flr-177 423 2 in in ADP flr-177 423 3 vivas vivas NOUN flr-177 423 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 423 5 quality quality NOUN flr-177 423 6 and and CCONJ flr-177 423 7 equality equality NOUN flr-177 423 8 in in ADP flr-177 423 9 british british ADJ flr-177 423 10 phd phd NOUN flr-177 423 11 assessments assessment NOUN flr-177 423 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 424 1 studies study NOUN flr-177 424 2 in in ADP flr-177 424 3 higher high ADJ flr-177 424 4 education education NOUN flr-177 424 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 424 6 27(3 27(3 NUM flr-177 424 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 424 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 424 9 263–273 263–273 NUM flr-177 424 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 425 1 doi:10.1080/03075070220000653 doi:10.1080/03075070220000653 X flr-177 425 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 426 1 national national PROPN flr-177 426 2 committee committee PROPN flr-177 426 3 of of ADP flr-177 426 4 inquiry inquiry NOUN flr-177 426 5 into into ADP flr-177 426 6 higher high ADJ flr-177 426 7 education education NOUN flr-177 426 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 426 9 the the DET flr-177 426 10 dearing dearing NOUN flr-177 426 11 report report NOUN flr-177 426 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 426 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 427 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 427 2 1997 1997 NUM flr-177 427 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 427 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 428 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 428 2 education education NOUN flr-177 428 3 in in ADP flr-177 428 4 the the DET flr-177 428 5 learning learning NOUN flr-177 428 6 society society NOUN flr-177 428 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 429 1 hmso hmso PROPN flr-177 429 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 430 1 london london PROPN flr-177 430 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 431 1 national national PROPN flr-177 431 2 science science PROPN flr-177 431 3 foundation foundation PROPN flr-177 431 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 431 5 nsf nsf NOUN flr-177 431 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 431 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 432 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 432 2 n.d n.d PROPN flr-177 432 3 . . PROPN flr-177 432 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 432 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 433 1 early early ADJ flr-177 433 2 career career NOUN flr-177 433 3 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 433 4 project project NOUN flr-177 433 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 433 6 forthcoming forthcoming ADJ flr-177 433 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 433 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 434 1 nsf.gov nsf.gov NUM flr-177 434 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 435 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 435 2 from from ADP flr-177 435 3 http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvyecd/. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvyecd/. NOUN flr-177 435 4 accessed accessed AUX flr-177 435 5 1 1 NUM flr-177 435 6 november november PROPN flr-177 435 7 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 435 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 436 1 national national PROPN flr-177 436 2 science science PROPN flr-177 436 3 foundation foundation PROPN flr-177 436 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 437 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 437 2 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 437 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 437 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 438 1 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 438 2 recipients recipient NOUN flr-177 438 3 from from ADP flr-177 438 4 u.s u.s PROPN flr-177 438 5 . . PROPN flr-177 438 6 universities university NOUN flr-177 438 7 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 438 8 : : PUNCT flr-177 438 9 survey survey NOUN flr-177 438 10 of of ADP flr-177 438 11 earned earn VERB flr-177 438 12 doctorates doctorate NOUN flr-177 438 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 439 1 national national ADJ flr-177 439 2 center center NOUN flr-177 439 3 for for ADP flr-177 439 4 science science NOUN flr-177 439 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 439 6 engineering engineering NOUN flr-177 439 7 statistics statistic NOUN flr-177 439 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 440 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 440 2 from from ADP flr-177 440 3 http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/. NOUN flr-177 440 4 neem neem NOUN flr-177 440 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 440 6 j. j. PROPN flr-177 440 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 440 8 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 440 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 440 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 441 1 ministers minister NOUN flr-177 441 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 3 not not PART flr-177 441 4 m.b.a.s m.b.a.s PROPN flr-177 441 5 . . PROPN flr-177 441 6 inside inside ADP flr-177 441 7 higher high ADJ flr-177 441 8 ed ed NOUN flr-177 441 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 441 10 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 441 11 from from ADP flr-177 441 12 https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2014/10/03/humanities-phd-calling-not-vocational-trainingessay https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2014/10/03/humanities-phd-calling-not-vocational-trainingessay PROPN flr-177 441 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 441 14 niemi niemi PROPN flr-177 441 15 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 16 h. h. PROPN flr-177 441 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 18 aittola aittola PROPN flr-177 441 19 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 20 h. h. PROPN flr-177 441 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 22 harmaakorpi harmaakorpi PROPN flr-177 441 23 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 24 v. v. PROPN flr-177 441 25 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 26 lassila lassila ADJ flr-177 441 27 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 28 o. o. PROPN flr-177 441 29 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 30 svärd svärd PROPN flr-177 441 31 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 32 s. s. PROPN flr-177 441 33 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 34 ylikarjula ylikarjula PROPN flr-177 441 35 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 36 j. j. PROPN flr-177 441 37 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 38 hiltunen hiltunen PROPN flr-177 441 39 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 40 k. k. PROPN flr-177 441 41 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 42 & & CCONJ flr-177 441 43 talvinen talvinen PROPN flr-177 441 44 , , PUNCT flr-177 441 45 k. k. PROPN flr-177 441 46 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 441 47 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 441 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 441 49 . . PUNCT flr-177 442 1 tohtorikoulutuksen tohtorikoulutuksen ADJ flr-177 442 2 rakenteet rakenteet PROPN flr-177 442 3 muutoksessa muutoksessa NOUN flr-177 442 4 : : PUNCT flr-177 442 5 tohtorikoulutuksen tohtorikoulutuksen PROPN flr-177 442 6 kansallinen kansallinen PROPN flr-177 442 7 seurantaarviointi seurantaarviointi PROPN flr-177 443 1 [ [ X flr-177 443 2 changing change VERB flr-177 443 3 structures structure NOUN flr-177 443 4 of of ADP flr-177 443 5 doctoran doctoran ADJ flr-177 443 6 education education NOUN flr-177 443 7 : : PUNCT flr-177 443 8 national national ADJ flr-177 443 9 follow follow VERB flr-177 443 10 - - PUNCT flr-177 443 11 up up ADP flr-177 443 12 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 443 13 of of ADP flr-177 443 14 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 443 15 education education NOUN flr-177 443 16 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 443 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 444 1 korkeakoulujen korkeakoulujen PROPN flr-177 444 2 arviointineuvoston arviointineuvoston PROPN flr-177 444 3 julkaisuja julkaisuja PROPN flr-177 444 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 444 5 15 15 NUM flr-177 444 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 445 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 445 2 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 445 3 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 445 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 445 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 446 1 the the DET flr-177 446 2 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 446 3 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 446 4 strategy strategy NOUN flr-177 446 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 446 6 getting get VERB flr-177 446 7 a a DET flr-177 446 8 head head NOUN flr-177 446 9 start start VERB flr-177 446 10 on on ADP flr-177 446 11 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN flr-177 446 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 447 1 paris paris PROPN flr-177 447 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 448 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 448 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 448 3 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 448 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 448 5 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 448 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 448 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 449 1 transferable transferable ADJ flr-177 449 2 skills skill NOUN flr-177 449 3 training training NOUN flr-177 449 4 for for ADP flr-177 449 5 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 449 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 449 7 supporting support VERB flr-177 449 8 career career NOUN flr-177 449 9 development development NOUN flr-177 449 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 449 11 research research NOUN flr-177 449 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 450 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 450 2 publishing publishing PROPN flr-177 450 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 451 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 451 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 451 3 10.1787/9789264179721 10.1787/9789264179721 NUM flr-177 451 4 - - SYM flr-177 451 5 en en X flr-177 451 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 452 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 452 2 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 452 3 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 452 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 452 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 453 1 education education NOUN flr-177 453 2 at at ADP flr-177 453 3 a a DET flr-177 453 4 glance glance NOUN flr-177 453 5 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 453 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 453 7 oecd oecd NOUN flr-177 453 8 indicators indicator NOUN flr-177 453 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 454 1 oecd oecd PROPN flr-177 454 2 publishing publishing NOUN flr-177 454 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 455 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 455 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 455 3 10.1787 10.1787 NUM flr-177 455 4 / / SYM flr-177 455 5 eag-2014en eag-2014en PROPN flr-177 455 6 . . PROPN flr-177 455 7 park park PROPN flr-177 455 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 455 9 c. c. PROPN flr-177 455 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 455 11 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 455 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 455 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 456 1 redefining redefine VERB flr-177 456 2 the the DET flr-177 456 3 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 456 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 457 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 457 2 education education PROPN flr-177 457 3 academy academy PROPN flr-177 457 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 457 5 york york PROPN flr-177 457 6 . . PROPN flr-177 457 7 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 457 8 from from ADP flr-177 457 9 http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/435/1/redefiningthedoctorate.pdf http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/435/1/redefiningthedoctorate.pdf PROPN flr-177 457 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 458 1 patel patel PROPN flr-177 458 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 458 3 v. v. PROPN flr-177 458 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 458 5 2015 2015 NUM flr-177 458 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 458 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 459 1 new new ADJ flr-177 459 2 job job NOUN flr-177 459 3 on on ADP flr-177 459 4 campus campus NOUN flr-177 459 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 459 6 expanding expand VERB flr-177 459 7 ph.d ph.d PROPN flr-177 459 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 460 1 career career NOUN flr-177 460 2 options option NOUN flr-177 460 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 461 1 the the DET flr-177 461 2 chronicle chronicle PROPN flr-177 461 3 of of ADP flr-177 461 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 461 5 education education NOUN flr-177 461 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 462 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 462 2 from from ADP flr-177 462 3 http://chronicle.com/article/new-job-on-campusexpanding/151105/?key=sg16ivrgnicwm3bnzglanjhroh1snbwjanfjbcgkbllxfg%3d%3d http://chronicle.com/article/new-job-on-campusexpanding/151105/?key=sg16ivrgnicwm3bnzglanjhroh1snbwjanfjbcgkbllxfg%3d%3d PROPN flr-177 462 4 andres andres PROPN flr-177 462 5 et et PROPN flr-177 462 6 al al PROPN flr-177 462 7     SPACE flr-177 463 1 | | ADV flr-177 463 2 f f NOUN flr-177 463 3 l l NOUN flr-177 463 4 r r NOUN flr-177 463 5             SPACE flr-177 463 6 21 21 NUM flr-177 463 7     SPACE flr-177 463 8 puhakka puhakka NOUN flr-177 463 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 463 10 a. a. NOUN flr-177 463 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 463 12 & & CCONJ flr-177 463 13 rautopuro rautopuro PROPN flr-177 463 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 463 15 j. j. PROPN flr-177 463 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 463 17 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 463 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 463 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 464 1 sumusta sumusta PROPN flr-177 464 2 nousee nousee PROPN flr-177 464 3 riski riski PROPN flr-177 464 4 – – PUNCT flr-177 464 5 tieteentekijöiden tieteentekijöiden ADJ flr-177 464 6 liiton liiton NOUN flr-177 464 7 jäsenkysely jäsenkysely ADV flr-177 465 1 [ [ X flr-177 465 2 the the DET flr-177 465 3 finnish finnish ADJ flr-177 465 4 union union NOUN flr-177 465 5 of of ADP flr-177 465 6 university university NOUN flr-177 465 7 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 465 8 and and CCONJ flr-177 465 9 teachers teacher NOUN flr-177 465 10 membership membership NOUN flr-177 465 11 survey survey NOUN flr-177 465 12 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 465 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 466 1 joensuu joensuu NOUN flr-177 466 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 466 3 grano grano X flr-177 466 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 466 5 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 466 6 from from ADP flr-177 466 7 http://tieteentekijoidenliitto.fi/materiaali/jasenkyselyraportit http://tieteentekijoidenliitto.fi/materiaali/jasenkyselyraportit PROPN flr-177 466 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 467 1 quality quality NOUN flr-177 467 2 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 467 3 agency agency NOUN flr-177 467 4 for for ADP flr-177 467 5 higher high ADJ flr-177 467 6 education education NOUN flr-177 467 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 467 8 qaa qaa NOUN flr-177 467 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 467 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 468 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 468 2 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 468 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 468 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 469 1 code code NOUN flr-177 469 2 of of ADP flr-177 469 3 practice practice NOUN flr-177 469 4 for for ADP flr-177 469 5 the the DET flr-177 469 6 assurance assurance NOUN flr-177 469 7 of of ADP flr-177 469 8 academic academic ADJ flr-177 469 9 quality quality NOUN flr-177 469 10 and and CCONJ flr-177 469 11 standards standard NOUN flr-177 469 12 in in ADP flr-177 469 13 higher high ADJ flr-177 469 14 education education NOUN flr-177 469 15 . . PUNCT flr-177 470 1 section section NOUN flr-177 470 2 1 1 NUM flr-177 470 3 : : PUNCT flr-177 470 4 postgraduate postgraduate VERB flr-177 470 5 research research NOUN flr-177 470 6 programmes programme NOUN flr-177 470 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 471 1 gloucester gloucester NOUN flr-177 471 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 471 3 qaa qaa PROPN flr-177 471 4 . . PROPN flr-177 471 5 república república PROPN flr-177 471 6 de de PROPN flr-177 471 7 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 471 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 471 9 ministerio ministerio PROPN flr-177 471 10 de de PROPN flr-177 471 11 educación educación PROPN flr-177 471 12 nacional nacional PROPN flr-177 471 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 471 14 men man NOUN flr-177 471 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 471 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 471 17 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 471 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 471 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 472 1 consejo consejo PROPN flr-177 472 2 nacional nacional PROPN flr-177 472 3 de de PROPN flr-177 472 4 acreditación acreditación PROPN flr-177 472 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 472 6 cna cna PROPN flr-177 472 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 472 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 473 1 lineamientos lineamientos PROPN flr-177 473 2 para para VERB flr-177 473 3 la la PROPN flr-177 473 4 acreditación acreditación PROPN flr-177 473 5 de de PROPN flr-177 473 6 alta alta PROPN flr-177 473 7 calidad calidad PROPN flr-177 473 8 de de X flr-177 473 9 programas programas PROPN flr-177 473 10 de de X flr-177 473 11 maestría maestría PROPN flr-177 473 12 y y PROPN flr-177 473 13 doctorado doctorado PROPN flr-177 473 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 474 1 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 474 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 474 3 bogotá bogotá NOUN flr-177 474 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 475 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 475 2 from from ADP flr-177 475 3 http://cmsstatic.colombiaaprende.edu.co/cache/binaries/articles-186363_lineam_myd.pdf?binary_rand=7259 http://cmsstatic.colombiaaprende.edu.co/cache/binaries/articles-186363_lineam_myd.pdf?binary_rand=7259 PROPN flr-177 475 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 476 1 rizen rizen PROPN flr-177 476 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 476 3 j. j. PROPN flr-177 476 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 476 5 & & CCONJ flr-177 476 6 marconi marconi PROPN flr-177 476 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 476 8 g. g. PROPN flr-177 476 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 476 10 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 476 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 476 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 477 1 internationalization internationalization NOUN flr-177 477 2 in in ADP flr-177 477 3 european european ADJ flr-177 477 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 477 5 education education NOUN flr-177 477 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 478 1 international international ADJ flr-177 478 2 journal journal PROPN flr-177 478 3 of of ADP flr-177 478 4 innovation innovation NOUN flr-177 478 5 science science NOUN flr-177 478 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 478 7 3(2 3(2 NUM flr-177 478 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 478 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 478 10 83–100 83–100 NUM flr-177 478 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 478 12 doi doi NOUN flr-177 478 13 : : PUNCT flr-177 478 14 10.1260/1757 10.1260/1757 NUM flr-177 478 15 - - SYM flr-177 478 16 2223.3.2.83 2223.3.2.83 NUM flr-177 478 17 . . PUNCT flr-177 479 1 roberts roberts PROPN flr-177 479 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 479 3 g. g. PROPN flr-177 479 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 479 5 2002 2002 NUM flr-177 479 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 479 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 480 1 set set VERB flr-177 480 2 for for ADP flr-177 480 3 success success NOUN flr-177 480 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 481 1 final final ADJ flr-177 481 2 report report NOUN flr-177 481 3 of of ADP flr-177 481 4 sir sir PROPN flr-177 481 5 gareth gareth PROPN flr-177 481 6 roberts roberts PROPN flr-177 481 7 review review PROPN flr-177 481 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 482 1 london london PROPN flr-177 482 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 482 3 hmso hmso PROPN flr-177 482 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 483 1 rugby rugby NOUN flr-177 483 2 team team NOUN flr-177 483 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 484 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 484 2 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 484 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 484 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 485 1 evaluation evaluation NOUN flr-177 485 2 of of ADP flr-177 485 3 skills skill NOUN flr-177 485 4 development development NOUN flr-177 485 5 of of ADP flr-177 485 6 early early ADJ flr-177 485 7 career career NOUN flr-177 485 8 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 485 9 a a DET flr-177 485 10 strategy strategy NOUN flr-177 485 11 paper paper NOUN flr-177 485 12 from from ADP flr-177 485 13 the the DET flr-177 485 14 rugby rugby NOUN flr-177 485 15 team team NOUN flr-177 485 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 486 1 uk uk PROPN flr-177 486 2 grad grad PROPN flr-177 486 3 programme programme PROPN flr-177 486 4 roberts roberts PROPN flr-177 486 5 policy policy PROPN flr-177 486 6 forum forum PROPN flr-177 486 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 487 1 birmingham birmingham PROPN flr-177 487 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 487 3 uk uk PROPN flr-177 487 4 grad grad PROPN flr-177 487 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 488 1 sainio sainio PROPN flr-177 488 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 488 3 j. j. PROPN flr-177 488 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 488 5 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 488 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 488 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 489 1 asiantuntijana asiantuntijana PROPN flr-177 489 2 työmarkkinoille työmarkkinoille VERB flr-177 489 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 490 1 vuosina vuosina ADJ flr-177 490 2 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 490 3 ja ja NOUN flr-177 490 4 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 490 5 tohtorin tohtorin NOUN flr-177 490 6 tutkinnon tutkinnon NOUN flr-177 490 7 suorittaneiden suorittaneiden PROPN flr-177 490 8 työllistyminen työllistyminen PROPN flr-177 490 9 ja ja PROPN flr-177 490 10 heidän heidän PROPN flr-177 490 11 mielipiteitään mielipiteitään PROPN flr-177 490 12 tohtorikoulutuksesta tohtorikoulutuksesta NOUN flr-177 491 1 [ [ X flr-177 491 2 as as ADP flr-177 491 3 an an DET flr-177 491 4 expert expert NOUN flr-177 491 5 to to ADP flr-177 491 6 the the DET flr-177 491 7 labour labour NOUN flr-177 491 8 market market NOUN flr-177 491 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 492 1 employment employment NOUN flr-177 492 2 of of ADP flr-177 492 3 those those PRON flr-177 492 4 receiving receive VERB flr-177 492 5 a a DET flr-177 492 6 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 492 7 in in ADP flr-177 492 8 2006 2006 NUM flr-177 492 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 492 10 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 492 11 , , PUNCT flr-177 492 12 and and CCONJ flr-177 492 13 their their PRON flr-177 492 14 opinions opinion NOUN flr-177 492 15 about about ADP flr-177 492 16 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 492 17 education education NOUN flr-177 492 18 ] ] PUNCT flr-177 492 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 493 1 aarresaaren aarresaaren PROPN flr-177 493 2 julkaisusarja julkaisusarja ADV flr-177 493 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 494 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 494 2 from from ADP flr-177 494 3 https://www.aarresaari.net/uraseuranta/julkaisut https://www.aarresaari.net/uraseuranta/julkaisut PROPN flr-177 494 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 495 1 shin shin PROPN flr-177 495 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 495 3 j. j. PROPN flr-177 495 4 c. c. PROPN flr-177 495 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 495 6 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 495 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 495 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 496 1 impacts impact NOUN flr-177 496 2 of of ADP flr-177 496 3 performance performance NOUN flr-177 496 4 - - PUNCT flr-177 496 5 based base VERB flr-177 496 6 accountability accountability NOUN flr-177 496 7 on on ADP flr-177 496 8 institutional institutional ADJ flr-177 496 9 performance performance NOUN flr-177 496 10 in in ADP flr-177 496 11 us we PRON flr-177 496 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 497 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 497 2 education education NOUN flr-177 497 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 497 4 60(1 60(1 NUM flr-177 497 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 497 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 497 7 47 47 NUM flr-177 497 8 - - SYM flr-177 497 9 68 68 NUM flr-177 497 10 doi doi NOUN flr-177 497 11 : : PUNCT flr-177 497 12 10.1007 10.1007 NUM flr-177 497 13 / / SYM flr-177 497 14 s10734 s10734 NUM flr-177 497 15 - - PUNCT flr-177 497 16 009 009 NUM flr-177 497 17 - - PUNCT flr-177 497 18 9285 9285 NUM flr-177 497 19 - - PUNCT flr-177 497 20 y. y. PROPN flr-177 497 21 shin shin PROPN flr-177 497 22 , , PUNCT flr-177 497 23 j. j. PROPN flr-177 497 24 c. c. PROPN flr-177 497 25 & & CCONJ flr-177 497 26 j. j. PROPN flr-177 497 27 jung jung PROPN flr-177 497 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 497 29 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 497 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 497 31 . . PUNCT flr-177 498 1 academic academic ADJ flr-177 498 2 job job NOUN flr-177 498 3 satisfaction satisfaction NOUN flr-177 498 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 498 5 job job NOUN flr-177 498 6 stress stress NOUN flr-177 498 7 across across ADP flr-177 498 8 countries country NOUN flr-177 498 9 in in ADP flr-177 498 10 changing change VERB flr-177 498 11 academic academic ADJ flr-177 498 12 environments environment NOUN flr-177 498 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 499 1 higher high ADJ flr-177 499 2 education education NOUN flr-177 499 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 499 4 67 67 NUM flr-177 499 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 499 6 603–620 603–620 NUM flr-177 499 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 500 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 500 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 500 3 10.1007 10.1007 NUM flr-177 500 4 / / SYM flr-177 500 5 s10734 s10734 VERB flr-177 500 6 - - PUNCT flr-177 500 7 013 013 NUM flr-177 500 8 - - PUNCT flr-177 500 9 9668 9668 NUM flr-177 500 10 - - PUNCT flr-177 500 11 y. y. PROPN flr-177 500 12 sinche sinche PROPN flr-177 500 13 , , PUNCT flr-177 500 14 m. m. NOUN flr-177 500 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 500 16 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 500 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 500 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 501 1 tracking track VERB flr-177 501 2 ph.d ph.d PROPN flr-177 501 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 501 4 career career NOUN flr-177 501 5 paths path NOUN flr-177 501 6 . . PUNCT flr-177 502 1 inside inside ADP flr-177 502 2 higher high ADJ flr-177 502 3 ed ed NOUN flr-177 502 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 503 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 503 2 from from ADP flr-177 503 3 https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2014/10/27/essay-importance-tracking-phd-career-paths https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2014/10/27/essay-importance-tracking-phd-career-path NOUN flr-177 503 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 504 1 tamburri tamburri PROPN flr-177 504 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 504 3 r. r. PROPN flr-177 504 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 504 5 2013 2013 NUM flr-177 504 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 504 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 505 1 the the DET flr-177 505 2 phd phd NOUN flr-177 505 3 is be AUX flr-177 505 4 in in ADP flr-177 505 5 need need NOUN flr-177 505 6 of of ADP flr-177 505 7 revision revision NOUN flr-177 505 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 506 1 university university NOUN flr-177 506 2 affairs affair NOUN flr-177 506 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 507 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 507 2 from from ADP flr-177 507 3 http://www.universityaffairs.ca/features/feature-article/the-phd-is-in-need-of-revision/. http://www.universityaffairs.ca/features/feature-article/the-phd-is-in-need-of-revision/. ADJ flr-177 507 4 teichler teichler NOUN flr-177 507 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 507 6 u. u. NOUN flr-177 507 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 507 8 2004 2004 NUM flr-177 507 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 507 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 508 1 the the DET flr-177 508 2 changing change VERB flr-177 508 3 debate debate NOUN flr-177 508 4 on on ADP flr-177 508 5 internationalisation internationalisation NOUN flr-177 508 6 of of ADP flr-177 508 7 higher high ADJ flr-177 508 8 education education NOUN flr-177 508 9 , , PUNCT flr-177 508 10 higher high ADJ flr-177 508 11 education education NOUN flr-177 508 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 508 13 48 48 NUM flr-177 508 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 508 15 1 1 NUM flr-177 508 16 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 508 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 508 18 5–26 5–26 PROPN flr-177 508 19 . . PUNCT flr-177 509 1 doi doi NOUN flr-177 509 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 509 3 10.1023 10.1023 NUM flr-177 509 4 / / SYM flr-177 509 5 b b NOUN flr-177 509 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 509 7 high.0000033771.69078.41 high.0000033771.69078.41 PROPN flr-177 509 8 . . PUNCT flr-177 510 1 the the DET flr-177 510 2 graduate graduate PROPN flr-177 510 3 school school NOUN flr-177 510 4 working working NOUN flr-177 510 5 group group NOUN flr-177 510 6 , , PUNCT flr-177 510 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 510 8 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 510 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 510 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 511 1 towards towards ADP flr-177 511 2 quality quality NOUN flr-177 511 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 511 4 transparency transparency NOUN flr-177 511 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 511 6 predictability predictability NOUN flr-177 511 7 in in ADP flr-177 511 8 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 511 9 training training NOUN flr-177 511 10 . . PUNCT flr-177 512 1 the the DET flr-177 512 2 graduate graduate PROPN flr-177 512 3 school school NOUN flr-177 512 4 working working NOUN flr-177 512 5 group group NOUN flr-177 512 6 ’s ’s PART flr-177 512 7 suggestions suggestion NOUN flr-177 512 8 for for ADP flr-177 512 9 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 512 10 training training NOUN flr-177 512 11 development development NOUN flr-177 512 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 513 1 academy academy PROPN flr-177 513 2 of of ADP flr-177 513 3 finland finland PROPN flr-177 513 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 514 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 514 2 from from ADP flr-177 514 3 http://www.aka.fi/en-gb/a/academy-offinland/academy-publications/other-publications/ http://www.aka.fi/en-gb/a/academy-offinland/academy-publications/other-publications/ PROPN flr-177 514 4 the the DET flr-177 514 5 world world NOUN flr-177 514 6 bank bank NOUN flr-177 514 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 515 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 515 2 2003 2003 NUM flr-177 515 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 515 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 516 1 colombian colombian ADJ flr-177 516 2 tertiary tertiary ADJ flr-177 516 3 education education NOUN flr-177 516 4 in in ADP flr-177 516 5 the the DET flr-177 516 6 context context NOUN flr-177 516 7 of of ADP flr-177 516 8 reform reform NOUN flr-177 516 9 in in ADP flr-177 516 10 latin latin PROPN flr-177 516 11 america america PROPN flr-177 516 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 517 1 colombia colombia PROPN flr-177 517 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 517 3 tertiary tertiary ADJ flr-177 517 4 education education NOUN flr-177 517 5 paving pave VERB flr-177 517 6 the the DET flr-177 517 7 way way NOUN flr-177 517 8 for for ADP flr-177 517 9 reform reform NOUN flr-177 517 10 vol vol NOUN flr-177 517 11 . . PROPN flr-177 518 1 1 1 NUM flr-177 518 2 . . X flr-177 518 3 policy policy NOUN flr-177 518 4 briefing briefing NOUN flr-177 518 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 519 1 the the DET flr-177 519 2 world world PROPN flr-177 519 3 bank bank PROPN flr-177 519 4 , , PUNCT flr-177 519 5 report report VERB flr-177 519 6 no no INTJ flr-177 519 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 519 8 23935 23935 NUM flr-177 519 9 - - PUNCT flr-177 519 10 co. co. PROPN flr-177 519 11 treuthardt treuthardt NOUN flr-177 519 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 519 13 l. l. PROPN flr-177 519 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 519 15 & & CCONJ flr-177 519 16 nuutinen nuutinen PROPN flr-177 519 17 , , PUNCT flr-177 519 18 a. a. NOUN flr-177 519 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 519 20 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 519 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 519 22 . . PUNCT flr-177 520 1 the the DET flr-177 520 2 state state NOUN flr-177 520 3 of of ADP flr-177 520 4 scientific scientific ADJ flr-177 520 5 research research NOUN flr-177 520 6 in in ADP flr-177 520 7 finland finland PROPN flr-177 520 8 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 520 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 521 1 publications publication NOUN flr-177 521 2 of of ADP flr-177 521 3 academy academy PROPN flr-177 521 4 of of ADP flr-177 521 5 finland finland PROPN flr-177 521 6 7/2012 7/2012 PROPN flr-177 521 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 521 8 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 521 9 from from ADP flr-177 521 10 http://www.aka.fi/en-gb/a/decisions-and-impacts/thestate-of-scientific-research-in-finland/previous-reviews/the-state-of-scientific-research-in-finland20121/ http://www.aka.fi/en-gb/a/decisions-and-impacts/thestate-of-scientific-research-in-finland/previous-reviews/the-state-of-scientific-research-in-finland20121/ PROPN flr-177 521 11 ubc ubc PROPN flr-177 521 12 graduate graduate PROPN flr-177 521 13 and and CCONJ flr-177 521 14 postdoctoral postdoctoral ADJ flr-177 521 15 studies study NOUN flr-177 521 16 . . PUNCT flr-177 522 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 522 2 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 522 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 522 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 523 1 re re VERB flr-177 523 2 - - VERB flr-177 523 3 imagining imagine VERB flr-177 523 4 the the DET flr-177 523 5 phd phd NOUN flr-177 523 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 523 7 new new ADJ flr-177 523 8 forms form NOUN flr-177 523 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 523 10 futures future NOUN flr-177 523 11 for for ADP flr-177 523 12 graduate graduate ADJ flr-177 523 13 education education NOUN flr-177 523 14 . . PUNCT flr-177 524 1 symposium symposium NOUN flr-177 524 2 summary summary NOUN flr-177 524 3 report report NOUN flr-177 524 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 525 1 vancouver vancouver NOUN flr-177 525 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 525 3 university university NOUN flr-177 525 4 of of ADP flr-177 525 5 british british PROPN flr-177 525 6 columbia columbia PROPN flr-177 525 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 526 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 526 2 from from ADP flr-177 526 3 http://www.ligi.ubc.ca/sites/liu/files/news/ubcgraduatesymposiumreport2014.pdf http://www.ligi.ubc.ca/sites/liu/files/news/ubcgraduatesymposiumreport2014.pdf PROPN flr-177 526 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 527 1 uk uk PROPN flr-177 527 2 council council PROPN flr-177 527 3 for for ADP flr-177 527 4 science science NOUN flr-177 527 5 and and CCONJ flr-177 527 6 technology technology NOUN flr-177 527 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 528 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 528 2 2007 2007 NUM flr-177 528 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 528 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 529 1 pathways pathway NOUN flr-177 529 2 to to ADP flr-177 529 3 the the DET flr-177 529 4 future future NOUN flr-177 529 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 529 6 the the DET flr-177 529 7 early early ADJ flr-177 529 8 career career NOUN flr-177 529 9 of of ADP flr-177 529 10 researchers researcher NOUN flr-177 529 11 in in ADP flr-177 529 12 the the DET flr-177 529 13 uk uk PROPN flr-177 529 14 . . PROPN flr-177 529 15 cst cst PROPN flr-177 529 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 529 17 london london PROPN flr-177 529 18 . . PUNCT flr-177 530 1 unesco unesco PROPN flr-177 530 2 - - PUNCT flr-177 530 3 ibe ibe PROPN flr-177 530 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 531 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 531 2 2011 2011 NUM flr-177 531 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 531 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 532 1 world world NOUN flr-177 532 2 data datum NOUN flr-177 532 3 on on ADP flr-177 532 4 education education NOUN flr-177 532 5 vii vii PROPN flr-177 532 6 ed ed PROPN flr-177 532 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 533 1 2010/11 2010/11 NUM flr-177 533 2 . . PUNCT flr-177 534 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 534 2 from from ADP flr-177 534 3 http://www.ibe.unesco.org http://www.ibe.unesco.org ADJ flr-177 534 4 //. //. PROPN flr-177 534 5 universities university NOUN flr-177 534 6 uk uk PROPN flr-177 534 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 534 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 534 9 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 534 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 534 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 535 1 international international ADJ flr-177 535 2 students student NOUN flr-177 535 3 in in ADP flr-177 535 4 higher high ADJ flr-177 535 5 education education NOUN flr-177 535 6 : : PUNCT flr-177 535 7 the the DET flr-177 535 8 uk uk PROPN flr-177 535 9 and and CCONJ flr-177 535 10 its its PRON flr-177 535 11 competition competition NOUN flr-177 535 12 . . PUNCT flr-177 536 1 london london PROPN flr-177 536 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 536 3 uuk uuk PROPN flr-177 536 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 537 1 u.s u.s PROPN flr-177 537 2 . . PROPN flr-177 537 3 department department PROPN flr-177 537 4 of of ADP flr-177 537 5 education education PROPN flr-177 537 6 office office NOUN flr-177 537 7 of of ADP flr-177 537 8 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ flr-177 537 9 education education NOUN flr-177 537 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 537 11 ope ope NOUN flr-177 537 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 537 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 538 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 538 2 n.d n.d PROPN flr-177 538 3 . . PROPN flr-177 538 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 538 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 539 1 the the DET flr-177 539 2 database database NOUN flr-177 539 3 of of ADP flr-177 539 4 accredited accredit VERB flr-177 539 5 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ flr-177 539 6 institutions institution NOUN flr-177 539 7 and and CCONJ flr-177 539 8 programs program NOUN flr-177 539 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 540 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 540 2 from from ADP flr-177 540 3 http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation PROPN flr-177 540 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 541 1 accessed access VERB flr-177 541 2 19 19 NUM flr-177 541 3 october october PROPN flr-177 541 4 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 541 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 542 1 andres andres PROPN flr-177 542 2 et et PROPN flr-177 542 3 al al PROPN flr-177 542 4     SPACE flr-177 542 5 | | ADV flr-177 542 6 f f NOUN flr-177 542 7 l l NOUN flr-177 542 8 r r NOUN flr-177 542 9             SPACE flr-177 542 10 22 22 NUM flr-177 542 11     SPACE flr-177 542 12 vitae vitae NOUN flr-177 542 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 543 1 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 543 2 2010 2010 NUM flr-177 543 3 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 543 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 544 1 researcher researcher NOUN flr-177 544 2 development development NOUN flr-177 544 3 statement statement NOUN flr-177 544 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 545 1 cambridge cambridge NOUN flr-177 545 2 : : PUNCT flr-177 545 3 vitae vitae NOUN flr-177 545 4 and and CCONJ flr-177 545 5 crac crac PROPN flr-177 545 6 . . PROPN flr-177 545 7 willetts willetts PROPN flr-177 545 8 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 9 j. j. PROPN flr-177 545 10 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 11 mitcell mitcell INTJ flr-177 545 12 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 13 c. c. PROPN flr-177 545 14 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 15 abeysuriya abeysuriya PROPN flr-177 545 16 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 17 k. k. PROPN flr-177 545 18 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 19 & & CCONJ flr-177 545 20 fam fam PROPN flr-177 545 21 , , PUNCT flr-177 545 22 d. d. PROPN flr-177 545 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 545 24 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 545 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 545 26 . . PUNCT flr-177 546 1 creative creative ADJ flr-177 546 2 tensions tension NOUN flr-177 546 3 . . PUNCT flr-177 547 1 negotiating negotiate VERB flr-177 547 2 the the DET flr-177 547 3 multiple multiple ADJ flr-177 547 4 dimensions dimension NOUN flr-177 547 5 of of ADP flr-177 547 6 a a DET flr-177 547 7 transdisciplinary transdisciplinary ADJ flr-177 547 8 doctorate doctorate NOUN flr-177 547 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 548 1 in in ADP flr-177 548 2 lee lee PROPN flr-177 548 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 548 4 a. a. PROPN flr-177 548 5 & & CCONJ flr-177 548 6 danby danby PROPN flr-177 548 7 , , PUNCT flr-177 548 8 s. s. PROPN flr-177 548 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 548 10 eds eds PROPN flr-177 548 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 548 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 548 13 . . PUNCT flr-177 549 1 reshaping reshape VERB flr-177 549 2 doctoral doctoral ADJ flr-177 549 3 education education NOUN flr-177 549 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 550 1 international international ADJ flr-177 550 2 approaches approach NOUN flr-177 550 3 and and CCONJ flr-177 550 4 pedagogies pedagogy NOUN flr-177 550 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 551 1 london london PROPN flr-177 551 2 & & CCONJ flr-177 551 3 new new PROPN flr-177 551 4 york york PROPN flr-177 551 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 551 6 routledge routledge PROPN flr-177 551 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 552 1 yesko yesko ADV flr-177 552 2 , , PUNCT flr-177 552 3 j. j. PROPN flr-177 552 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 552 5 2014 2014 NUM flr-177 552 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 552 7 . . PUNCT flr-177 553 1 an an DET flr-177 553 2 alternative alternative NOUN flr-177 553 3 to to ADP flr-177 553 4 abd abd PROPN flr-177 553 5 . . PUNCT flr-177 554 1 inside inside ADP flr-177 554 2 higher high ADJ flr-177 554 3 ed ed NOUN flr-177 554 4 . . PUNCT flr-177 555 1 retrieved retrieve VERB flr-177 555 2 from from ADP flr-177 555 3 https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2014/07/25/higher-ed-should-create-alternative-abd-statusessay https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2014/07/25/higher-ed-should-create-alternative-abd-statusessay PROPN flr-177 555 4 yin yin PROPN flr-177 555 5 , , PUNCT flr-177 555 6 r. r. PROPN flr-177 555 7 k. k. PROPN flr-177 555 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 555 9 2012 2012 NUM flr-177 555 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 555 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 556 1 applications application NOUN flr-177 556 2 of of ADP flr-177 556 3 case case NOUN flr-177 556 4 study study NOUN flr-177 556 5 research research NOUN flr-177 556 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-177 556 7 3rd 3rd ADJ flr-177 556 8 ed ed NOUN flr-177 556 9 . . PUNCT flr-177 556 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-177 556 11 . . PUNCT flr-177 557 1 thousand thousand NUM flr-177 557 2 oaks oak NOUN flr-177 557 3 , , PUNCT flr-177 557 4 ca can AUX flr-177 557 5 : : PUNCT flr-177 557 6 sage sage VERB flr-177 557 7 . . PUNCT