id sid tid token lemma pos flr-226 1 1 microsoft microsoft PROPN flr-226 1 2 word word PROPN flr-226 1 3 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 1 4 et et PROPN flr-226 1 5 al_publication.docx al_publication.docx VERB flr-226 1 6                     SPACE flr-226 1 7 frontline frontline NOUN flr-226 1 8     SPACE flr-226 1 9 learning learn VERB flr-226 1 10     SPACE flr-226 1 11 research research NOUN flr-226 1 12     SPACE flr-226 1 13 vol.4 vol.4 PROPN flr-226 1 14     SPACE flr-226 1 15 no no NOUN flr-226 1 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 1 17     SPACE flr-226 2 1 1 1 NUM flr-226 2 2     SPACE flr-226 2 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 2 4 2016 2016 NUM flr-226 2 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 2 6     SPACE flr-226 2 7 40-­‐57 40-­‐57 PRON flr-226 2 8     SPACE flr-226 2 9 issn issn VERB flr-226 2 10     SPACE flr-226 2 11 2295-­‐3159 2295-­‐3159 PROPN flr-226 2 12             SPACE flr-226 2 13 visual visual ADJ flr-226 2 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 15 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 2 16 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 2 17 in in ADP flr-226 2 18 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 2 19 george george PROPN flr-226 2 20 kospentarisa kospentarisa PROPN flr-226 2 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 22 stella stella PROPN flr-226 2 23 vosniadoub vosniadoub PROPN flr-226 2 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 25 smaragda smaragda PROPN flr-226 2 26 kazic kazic PROPN flr-226 2 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 28 emilian emilian ADJ flr-226 2 29 thanoud thanoud PROPN flr-226 2 30 anational anational ADJ flr-226 2 31 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 32 kapodistrian kapodistrian ADJ flr-226 2 33 university university PROPN flr-226 2 34 of of ADP flr-226 2 35 athens athens PROPN flr-226 2 36 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 37 greece greece PROPN flr-226 2 38 bthe bthe PROPN flr-226 2 39 flinders flinders PROPN flr-226 2 40 university university PROPN flr-226 2 41 of of ADP flr-226 2 42 south south PROPN flr-226 2 43 australia australia PROPN flr-226 2 44 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 45 australia australia PROPN flr-226 2 46 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 47 national national ADJ flr-226 2 48 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 49 kapodistrian kapodistrian ADJ flr-226 2 50 university university PROPN flr-226 2 51 of of ADP flr-226 2 52 athens athens PROPN flr-226 2 53 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 54 greece greece PROPN flr-226 2 55 cpanteion cpanteion PROPN flr-226 2 56 university university PROPN flr-226 2 57 of of ADP flr-226 2 58 social social ADJ flr-226 2 59 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 60 political political ADJ flr-226 2 61 sciences science NOUN flr-226 2 62 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 63 greece greece PROPN flr-226 2 64 dnational dnational PROPN flr-226 2 65 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 66 kapodistrian kapodistrian ADJ flr-226 2 67 university university PROPN flr-226 2 68 of of ADP flr-226 2 69 athens athens PROPN flr-226 2 70 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 71 greece greece PROPN flr-226 2 72 article article PROPN flr-226 2 73 received receive VERB flr-226 2 74 13 13 NUM flr-226 2 75 november november PROPN flr-226 2 76 / / PUNCT flr-226 2 77 revised revise VERB flr-226 2 78 28 28 NUM flr-226 2 79 december december PROPN flr-226 2 80 / / PUNCT flr-226 2 81 accepted accept VERB flr-226 2 82 19 19 NUM flr-226 2 83 january january PROPN flr-226 2 84 / / SYM flr-226 2 85 available available ADJ flr-226 2 86 online online ADJ flr-226 2 87 3 3 NUM flr-226 2 88 march march NOUN flr-226 2 89     SPACE flr-226 2 90 abstract abstract ADV flr-226 2 91 we we PRON flr-226 2 92 argue argue VERB flr-226 2 93 that that SCONJ flr-226 2 94 there there PRON flr-226 2 95 is be VERB flr-226 2 96 an an DET flr-226 2 97 increasing increase VERB flr-226 2 98 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 2 99 on on ADP flr-226 2 100 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 2 101 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 2 102 compared compare VERB flr-226 2 103 to to ADP flr-226 2 104 visuospatial visuospatial ADJ flr-226 2 105 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 2 106 , , PUNCT flr-226 2 107 which which PRON flr-226 2 108 is be AUX flr-226 2 109 related relate VERB flr-226 2 110 to to ADP flr-226 2 111 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 2 112 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 2 113 and and CCONJ flr-226 2 114 not not PART flr-226 2 115 on on ADP flr-226 2 116 individual individual ADJ flr-226 2 117 differences difference NOUN flr-226 2 118 in in ADP flr-226 2 119 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 2 120 style style NOUN flr-226 2 121 . . PUNCT flr-226 3 1 a a DET flr-226 3 2 visual visual ADJ flr-226 3 3 / / SYM flr-226 3 4 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 3 5 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 3 6 test test NOUN flr-226 3 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 3 8 vast vast ADJ flr-226 3 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 3 10 was be AUX flr-226 3 11 developed develop VERB flr-226 3 12 to to PART flr-226 3 13 investigate investigate VERB flr-226 3 14 the the DET flr-226 3 15 use use NOUN flr-226 3 16 of of ADP flr-226 3 17 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 3 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 3 19 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 3 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 3 21 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 3 22 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 3 23 in in ADP flr-226 3 24 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 3 25 in in ADP flr-226 3 26 30 30 NUM flr-226 3 27 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 3 28 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 3 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 3 30 134 134 NUM flr-226 3 31 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 3 32 grade grade NOUN flr-226 3 33 students student NOUN flr-226 3 34 . . PUNCT flr-226 4 1 students student NOUN flr-226 4 2 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 4 3 performance performance NOUN flr-226 4 4 in in ADP flr-226 4 5 the the DET flr-226 4 6 vast vast NOUN flr-226 4 7 was be AUX flr-226 4 8 also also ADV flr-226 4 9 compared compare VERB flr-226 4 10 to to ADP flr-226 4 11 performance performance NOUN flr-226 4 12 in in ADP flr-226 4 13 tests test NOUN flr-226 4 14 of of ADP flr-226 4 15 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 4 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 4 17 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 4 18 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 4 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 4 20 of of ADP flr-226 4 21 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 4 22 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 4 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 4 24 and and CCONJ flr-226 4 25 of of ADP flr-226 4 26 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 4 27 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 4 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 5 1 the the DET flr-226 5 2 results result NOUN flr-226 5 3 showed show VERB flr-226 5 4 high high ADJ flr-226 5 5 performance performance NOUN flr-226 5 6 of of ADP flr-226 5 7 all all DET flr-226 5 8 the the DET flr-226 5 9 participants participant NOUN flr-226 5 10 in in ADP flr-226 5 11 the the DET flr-226 5 12 vast vast ADJ flr-226 5 13 items item NOUN flr-226 5 14 that that PRON flr-226 5 15 could could AUX flr-226 5 16 be be AUX flr-226 5 17 solved solve VERB flr-226 5 18 by by ADP flr-226 5 19 relying rely VERB flr-226 5 20 on on ADP flr-226 5 21 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 5 22 - - PUNCT flr-226 5 23 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 5 24 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 5 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 6 1 however however ADV flr-226 6 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 6 3 only only ADV flr-226 6 4 the the DET flr-226 6 5 math math NOUN flr-226 6 6 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 6 7 showed show VERB flr-226 6 8 high high ADJ flr-226 6 9 performance performance NOUN flr-226 6 10 in in ADP flr-226 6 11 the the DET flr-226 6 12 vast vast ADJ flr-226 6 13 items item NOUN flr-226 6 14 that that PRON flr-226 6 15 required require VERB flr-226 6 16 the the DET flr-226 6 17 application application NOUN flr-226 6 18 of of ADP flr-226 6 19 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 6 20 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 6 21 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 6 22 . . PUNCT flr-226 7 1 there there PRON flr-226 7 2 were be VERB flr-226 7 3 high high ADJ flr-226 7 4 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 7 5 between between ADP flr-226 7 6 the the DET flr-226 7 7 students student NOUN flr-226 7 8 ’ ’ PART flr-226 7 9 performance performance NOUN flr-226 7 10 in in ADP flr-226 7 11 the the DET flr-226 7 12 tests test NOUN flr-226 7 13 of of ADP flr-226 7 14 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 7 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 7 16 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 7 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 7 18 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 7 19 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 7 20 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 7 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 7 22 the the DET flr-226 7 23 vast vast ADJ flr-226 7 24 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 7 25 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 7 26 scale scale NOUN flr-226 7 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 7 28 but but CCONJ flr-226 7 29 the the DET flr-226 7 30 contribution contribution NOUN flr-226 7 31 of of ADP flr-226 7 32 these these DET flr-226 7 33 tests test NOUN flr-226 7 34 to to ADP flr-226 7 35 the the DET flr-226 7 36 vast vast ADJ flr-226 7 37 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 7 38 performance performance NOUN flr-226 7 39 became become VERB flr-226 7 40 statistically statistically ADV flr-226 7 41 insignificant insignificant ADJ flr-226 7 42 when when SCONJ flr-226 7 43 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 7 44 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 7 45 was be AUX flr-226 7 46 used use VERB flr-226 7 47 as as ADP flr-226 7 48 a a DET flr-226 7 49 mediating mediate VERB flr-226 7 50 factor factor NOUN flr-226 7 51 . . PUNCT flr-226 8 1 the the DET flr-226 8 2 implications implication NOUN flr-226 8 3 of of ADP flr-226 8 4 this this DET flr-226 8 5 work work NOUN flr-226 8 6 for for ADP flr-226 8 7 the the DET flr-226 8 8 learning learning NOUN flr-226 8 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 8 10 assessment assessment NOUN flr-226 8 11 of of ADP flr-226 8 12 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 8 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 8 14 are be AUX flr-226 8 15 discussed discuss VERB flr-226 8 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 9 1 keywords keyword NOUN flr-226 9 2 : : PUNCT flr-226 9 3 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 9 4 learning learning NOUN flr-226 9 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 9 6 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 9 7 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 9 8 visual visual ADJ flr-226 9 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 9 10 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 9 11 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 9 12 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 9 13 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 9 14 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 9 15 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 9 16 assessment assessment NOUN flr-226 9 17 of of ADP flr-226 9 18 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 9 19 corresponding correspond VERB flr-226 9 20 author author NOUN flr-226 9 21 : : PUNCT flr-226 9 22 george george PROPN flr-226 9 23 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 9 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 9 25 anational anational ADJ flr-226 9 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 9 27 kapodistrian kapodistrian ADJ flr-226 9 28 university university PROPN flr-226 9 29 of of ADP flr-226 9 30 athens athens PROPN flr-226 9 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 9 32 dimitsanas dimitsana VERB flr-226 9 33 str str NOUN flr-226 9 34 . . PROPN flr-226 9 35 20 20 NUM flr-226 9 36 , , PUNCT flr-226 9 37 11522 11522 NUM flr-226 9 38 , , PUNCT flr-226 9 39 athens athens PROPN flr-226 9 40 , , PUNCT flr-226 9 41 greece greece PROPN flr-226 9 42 , , PUNCT flr-226 9 43 email email NOUN flr-226 9 44 : : PUNCT flr-226 9 45 25aris@math.uoa.gr 25aris@math.uoa.gr NUM flr-226 9 46 doi doi NOUN flr-226 9 47 : : PUNCT flr-226 9 48 http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v4i1.226 http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v4i1.226 NOUN flr-226 9 49 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 9 50     SPACE flr-226 9 51 et et PROPN flr-226 9 52     SPACE flr-226 9 53 al al PROPN flr-226 9 54     SPACE flr-226 9 55 1 1 NUM flr-226 9 56 . . PUNCT flr-226 10 1 introduction introduction NOUN flr-226 10 2 in in ADP flr-226 10 3 recent recent ADJ flr-226 10 4 years year NOUN flr-226 10 5 research research NOUN flr-226 10 6 has have AUX flr-226 10 7 accumulated accumulate VERB flr-226 10 8 showing show VERB flr-226 10 9 that that SCONJ flr-226 10 10 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 10 11 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 10 12 is be AUX flr-226 10 13 central central ADJ flr-226 10 14 to to ADP flr-226 10 15 success success NOUN flr-226 10 16 in in ADP flr-226 10 17 science science NOUN flr-226 10 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 10 19 technology technology NOUN flr-226 10 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 10 21 engineering engineering NOUN flr-226 10 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 10 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 10 24 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 10 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 10 26 the the DET flr-226 10 27 so so ADV flr-226 10 28 - - PUNCT flr-226 10 29 called call VERB flr-226 10 30 stem stem NOUN flr-226 10 31 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-226 10 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 11 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 11 2 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 11 3 is be AUX flr-226 11 4 thinking think VERB flr-226 11 5 about about ADP flr-226 11 6 the the DET flr-226 11 7 location location NOUN flr-226 11 8 of of ADP flr-226 11 9 objects object NOUN flr-226 11 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 11 11 their their PRON flr-226 11 12 relations relation NOUN flr-226 11 13 and and CCONJ flr-226 11 14 requires require VERB flr-226 11 15 both both DET flr-226 11 16 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 11 17 - - PUNCT flr-226 11 18 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 11 19 ability ability NOUN flr-226 11 20 – – PUNCT flr-226 11 21 the the DET flr-226 11 22 ability ability NOUN flr-226 11 23 to to PART flr-226 11 24 mentally mentally ADV flr-226 11 25 visualize visualize VERB flr-226 11 26 the the DET flr-226 11 27 rotation rotation NOUN flr-226 11 28 of of ADP flr-226 11 29 objects object NOUN flr-226 11 30 – – PUNCT flr-226 11 31 and and CCONJ flr-226 11 32 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 11 33 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 11 34 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 11 35 – – PUNCT flr-226 11 36 the the DET flr-226 11 37 ability ability NOUN flr-226 11 38 to to PART flr-226 11 39 identify identify VERB flr-226 11 40 analogical analogical ADJ flr-226 11 41 relations relation NOUN flr-226 11 42 amongst amongst ADP flr-226 11 43 patterns pattern NOUN flr-226 11 44 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 11 45 see see VERB flr-226 11 46 newcombe newcombe PROPN flr-226 11 47 , , PUNCT flr-226 11 48 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 11 49 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 11 50 wai wai PROPN flr-226 11 51 , , PUNCT flr-226 11 52 lubinski lubinski NOUN flr-226 11 53 , , PUNCT flr-226 11 54 & & CCONJ flr-226 11 55 benbow benbow PROPN flr-226 11 56 , , PUNCT flr-226 11 57 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 11 58 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 11 59 . . PUNCT flr-226 12 1 there there PRON flr-226 12 2 is be VERB flr-226 12 3 convincing convincing ADJ flr-226 12 4 evidence evidence NOUN flr-226 12 5 that that SCONJ flr-226 12 6 there there PRON flr-226 12 7 are be VERB flr-226 12 8 important important ADJ flr-226 12 9 individual individual ADJ flr-226 12 10 differences difference NOUN flr-226 12 11 in in ADP flr-226 12 12 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 12 13 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 12 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 12 15 that that SCONJ flr-226 12 16 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 12 17 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 12 18 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 12 19 can can AUX flr-226 12 20 predict predict VERB flr-226 12 21 success success NOUN flr-226 12 22 in in ADP flr-226 12 23 stem stem NOUN flr-226 12 24 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-226 12 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 12 26 hegarty hegarty PROPN flr-226 12 27 & & CCONJ flr-226 12 28 waller waller PROPN flr-226 12 29 , , PUNCT flr-226 12 30 2006 2006 NUM flr-226 12 31 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 12 32 wai wai PROPN flr-226 12 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 12 34 et et PROPN flr-226 12 35 al al PROPN flr-226 12 36 . . PROPN flr-226 12 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 12 38 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 12 39 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 12 40 . . PUNCT flr-226 13 1 particularly particularly ADV flr-226 13 2 impressive impressive ADJ flr-226 13 3 are be AUX flr-226 13 4 the the DET flr-226 13 5 analyses analysis NOUN flr-226 13 6 of of ADP flr-226 13 7 large large ADJ flr-226 13 8 data datum NOUN flr-226 13 9 sets set NOUN flr-226 13 10 showing show VERB flr-226 13 11 that that SCONJ flr-226 13 12 people people NOUN flr-226 13 13 with with ADP flr-226 13 14 high high ADJ flr-226 13 15 scores score NOUN flr-226 13 16 on on ADP flr-226 13 17 tests test NOUN flr-226 13 18 of of ADP flr-226 13 19 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 13 20 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 13 21 in in ADP flr-226 13 22 high high ADJ flr-226 13 23 school school NOUN flr-226 13 24 are be AUX flr-226 13 25 more more ADV flr-226 13 26 interested interested ADJ flr-226 13 27 in in ADP flr-226 13 28 science science NOUN flr-226 13 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 13 30 math math NOUN flr-226 13 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 13 32 are be AUX flr-226 13 33 more more ADV flr-226 13 34 likely likely ADJ flr-226 13 35 to to PART flr-226 13 36 get get VERB flr-226 13 37 advanced advanced ADJ flr-226 13 38 degrees degree NOUN flr-226 13 39 in in ADP flr-226 13 40 stem stem NOUN flr-226 13 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 13 42 and and CCONJ flr-226 13 43 are be AUX flr-226 13 44 more more ADV flr-226 13 45 likely likely ADJ flr-226 13 46 to to PART flr-226 13 47 pursue pursue VERB flr-226 13 48 stem stem NOUN flr-226 13 49 careers career NOUN flr-226 13 50 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 13 51 shea shea PROPN flr-226 13 52 , , PUNCT flr-226 13 53 lubinski lubinski NOUN flr-226 13 54 , , PUNCT flr-226 13 55 & & CCONJ flr-226 13 56 benbow benbow PROPN flr-226 13 57 , , PUNCT flr-226 13 58 2001 2001 NUM flr-226 13 59 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 13 60 wai wai PROPN flr-226 13 61 et et PROPN flr-226 13 62 al al PROPN flr-226 13 63 . . PROPN flr-226 13 64 , , PUNCT flr-226 13 65 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 13 66 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 13 67 . . PUNCT flr-226 14 1 this this PRON flr-226 14 2 has have AUX flr-226 14 3 led lead VERB flr-226 14 4 to to ADP flr-226 14 5 an an DET flr-226 14 6 increase increase NOUN flr-226 14 7 in in ADP flr-226 14 8 training training NOUN flr-226 14 9 studies study NOUN flr-226 14 10 that that PRON flr-226 14 11 aim aim VERB flr-226 14 12 at at ADP flr-226 14 13 improving improve VERB flr-226 14 14 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 14 15 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 14 16 as as ADP flr-226 14 17 a a DET flr-226 14 18 means means NOUN flr-226 14 19 of of ADP flr-226 14 20 improving improve VERB flr-226 14 21 performance performance NOUN flr-226 14 22 in in ADP flr-226 14 23 stem stem NOUN flr-226 14 24 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-226 14 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 14 26 sanchez sanchez NOUN flr-226 14 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 14 28 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 14 29 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 14 30 uttal uttal PROPN flr-226 14 31 et et PROPN flr-226 14 32 al al PROPN flr-226 14 33 . . PROPN flr-226 14 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 14 35 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 14 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 14 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 15 1 there there PRON flr-226 15 2 is be VERB flr-226 15 3 little little ADJ flr-226 15 4 doubt doubt NOUN flr-226 15 5 that that SCONJ flr-226 15 6 much much ADJ flr-226 15 7 of of ADP flr-226 15 8 the the DET flr-226 15 9 problem problem NOUN flr-226 15 10 solving solving NOUN flr-226 15 11 done do VERB flr-226 15 12 in in ADP flr-226 15 13 science science NOUN flr-226 15 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 15 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 15 16 and and CCONJ flr-226 15 17 engineering engineering NOUN flr-226 15 18 requires require VERB flr-226 15 19 the the DET flr-226 15 20 use use NOUN flr-226 15 21 of of ADP flr-226 15 22 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 15 23 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 15 24 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 15 25 kozhevnikov kozhevnikov PROPN flr-226 15 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 27 motes mote NOUN flr-226 15 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 29 & & CCONJ flr-226 15 30 hegarty hegarty PROPN flr-226 15 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 32 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 15 33 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 15 34 stieff stieff NOUN flr-226 15 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 36 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 15 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 38 zazkis zazki NOUN flr-226 15 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 40 dubinsky dubinsky PROPN flr-226 15 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 42 & & CCONJ flr-226 15 43 dautermann dautermann PROPN flr-226 15 44 , , PUNCT flr-226 15 45 1996 1996 NUM flr-226 15 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 15 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 16 1 in in ADP flr-226 16 2 euclidean euclidean ADJ flr-226 16 3 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 16 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 16 5 where where SCONJ flr-226 16 6 figures figure NOUN flr-226 16 7 are be AUX flr-226 16 8 the the DET flr-226 16 9 main main ADJ flr-226 16 10 objects object NOUN flr-226 16 11 of of ADP flr-226 16 12 study study NOUN flr-226 16 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 16 14 the the DET flr-226 16 15 role role NOUN flr-226 16 16 of of ADP flr-226 16 17 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 16 18 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 16 19 is be AUX flr-226 16 20 of of ADP flr-226 16 21 utmost utmost ADJ flr-226 16 22 importance importance NOUN flr-226 16 23 . . PUNCT flr-226 17 1 visualizing visualize VERB flr-226 17 2 the the DET flr-226 17 3 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 17 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 17 5 their their PRON flr-226 17 6 relation relation NOUN flr-226 17 7 is be AUX flr-226 17 8 a a DET flr-226 17 9 standard standard ADJ flr-226 17 10 prerequisite prerequisite NOUN flr-226 17 11 for for ADP flr-226 17 12 the the DET flr-226 17 13 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 17 14 of of ADP flr-226 17 15 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 17 16 propositions proposition NOUN flr-226 17 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 17 18 battista battista PROPN flr-226 17 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 17 20 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 17 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 17 22 . . PUNCT flr-226 18 1 although although SCONJ flr-226 18 2 a a DET flr-226 18 3 great great ADJ flr-226 18 4 deal deal NOUN flr-226 18 5 of of ADP flr-226 18 6 this this DET flr-226 18 7 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 18 8 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 18 9 can can AUX flr-226 18 10 be be AUX flr-226 18 11 achieved achieve VERB flr-226 18 12 using use VERB flr-226 18 13 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 18 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 18 15 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 18 16 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 18 17 – – PUNCT flr-226 18 18 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 18 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 18 20 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 18 21 that that PRON flr-226 18 22 allow allow VERB flr-226 18 23 individuals individual NOUN flr-226 18 24 to to PART flr-226 18 25 obtain obtain VERB flr-226 18 26 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 18 27 information information NOUN flr-226 18 28 from from ADP flr-226 18 29 immediate immediate ADJ flr-226 18 30 perceptual perceptual ADJ flr-226 18 31 processes process NOUN flr-226 18 32 – – PUNCT flr-226 18 33 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 18 34 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 18 35 can can AUX flr-226 18 36 also also ADV flr-226 18 37 be be AUX flr-226 18 38 achieved achieve VERB flr-226 18 39 using use VERB flr-226 18 40 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 18 41 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 18 42 , , PUNCT flr-226 18 43 where where SCONJ flr-226 18 44 rules rule NOUN flr-226 18 45 provide provide VERB flr-226 18 46 access access NOUN flr-226 18 47 to to ADP flr-226 18 48 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 18 49 information information NOUN flr-226 18 50 without without ADP flr-226 18 51 recourse recourse NOUN flr-226 18 52 to to ADP flr-226 18 53 visual visual ADJ flr-226 18 54 perception perception NOUN flr-226 18 55 and and CCONJ flr-226 18 56 mental mental ADJ flr-226 18 57 animation animation NOUN flr-226 18 58 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 18 59 stieff stieff NOUN flr-226 18 60 , , PUNCT flr-226 18 61 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 18 62 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 18 63 . . PUNCT flr-226 19 1 zazkis zazki NOUN flr-226 19 2 et et PROPN flr-226 19 3 al al PROPN flr-226 19 4 . . PROPN flr-226 19 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 19 6 1996 1996 NUM flr-226 19 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 19 8 showed show VERB flr-226 19 9 that that SCONJ flr-226 19 10 the the DET flr-226 19 11 majority majority NOUN flr-226 19 12 of of ADP flr-226 19 13 the the DET flr-226 19 14 university university NOUN flr-226 19 15 students student NOUN flr-226 19 16 participating participate VERB flr-226 19 17 in in ADP flr-226 19 18 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 19 19 algebra algebra NOUN flr-226 19 20 courses course NOUN flr-226 19 21 used use VERB flr-226 19 22 a a DET flr-226 19 23 combination combination NOUN flr-226 19 24 of of ADP flr-226 19 25 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 19 26 - - PUNCT flr-226 19 27 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 19 28 and and CCONJ flr-226 19 29 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 19 30 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 19 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 19 32 see see VERB flr-226 19 33 also also ADV flr-226 19 34 schwartz schwartz PROPN flr-226 19 35 & & CCONJ flr-226 19 36 black black NOUN flr-226 19 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 19 38 1996 1996 NUM flr-226 19 39 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 19 40 stieff stieff NOUN flr-226 19 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 19 42 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 19 43 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 19 44 . . PUNCT flr-226 20 1 the the DET flr-226 20 2 use use NOUN flr-226 20 3 of of ADP flr-226 20 4 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 20 5 - - PUNCT flr-226 20 6 spatial spatial NOUN flr-226 20 7 vs. vs. ADP flr-226 20 8 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 20 9 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 20 10 has have AUX flr-226 20 11 been be AUX flr-226 20 12 predominately predominately ADV flr-226 20 13 examined examine VERB flr-226 20 14 from from ADP flr-226 20 15 an an DET flr-226 20 16 individual individual ADJ flr-226 20 17 differences difference NOUN flr-226 20 18 point point NOUN flr-226 20 19 of of ADP flr-226 20 20 view view NOUN flr-226 20 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 20 22 as as ADP flr-226 20 23 an an DET flr-226 20 24 individual individual ADJ flr-226 20 25 characteristic characteristic NOUN flr-226 20 26 or or CCONJ flr-226 20 27 a a DET flr-226 20 28 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 20 29 style style NOUN flr-226 20 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 20 31 eisenberg eisenberg PROPN flr-226 20 32 & & CCONJ flr-226 20 33 dreyfus dreyfus PROPN flr-226 20 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 20 35 1991 1991 NUM flr-226 20 36 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 20 37 pitta pitta NOUN flr-226 20 38 - - PUNCT flr-226 20 39 pantazi pantazi PROPN flr-226 20 40 & & CCONJ flr-226 20 41 christou christou PROPN flr-226 20 42 , , PUNCT flr-226 20 43 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 20 44 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 20 45 . . PUNCT flr-226 21 1 this this DET flr-226 21 2 emphasis emphasis NOUN flr-226 21 3 on on ADP flr-226 21 4 individual individual ADJ flr-226 21 5 differences difference NOUN flr-226 21 6 has have AUX flr-226 21 7 obscured obscure VERB flr-226 21 8 the the DET flr-226 21 9 fact fact NOUN flr-226 21 10 that that SCONJ flr-226 21 11 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 21 12 on on ADP flr-226 21 13 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 21 14 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 21 15 also also ADV flr-226 21 16 characterizes characterize VERB flr-226 21 17 the the DET flr-226 21 18 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 21 19 of of ADP flr-226 21 20 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 21 21 in in ADP flr-226 21 22 many many ADJ flr-226 21 23 domains domain NOUN flr-226 21 24 of of ADP flr-226 21 25 stem stem NOUN flr-226 21 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 22 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 22 2 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 22 3 is be AUX flr-226 22 4 acquired acquire VERB flr-226 22 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 22 6 problem problem NOUN flr-226 22 7 solving solve VERB flr-226 22 8 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-226 22 9 relies rely VERB flr-226 22 10 on on ADP flr-226 22 11 specialized specialized ADJ flr-226 22 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 22 13 domain domain NOUN flr-226 22 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 22 15 specific specific ADJ flr-226 22 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 22 17 rule rule NOUN flr-226 22 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 22 19 based base VERB flr-226 22 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 22 21 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 22 22 approaches approach NOUN flr-226 22 23 compared compare VERB flr-226 22 24 to to ADP flr-226 22 25 visual visual ADJ flr-226 22 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 22 27 perceptual perceptual ADJ flr-226 22 28 information information NOUN flr-226 22 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 22 30 mental mental ADJ flr-226 22 31 rotation rotation NOUN flr-226 22 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 23 1 for for ADP flr-226 23 2 example example NOUN flr-226 23 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 23 4 in in ADP flr-226 23 5 the the DET flr-226 23 6 domain domain NOUN flr-226 23 7 of of ADP flr-226 23 8 organic organic ADJ flr-226 23 9 chemistry chemistry NOUN flr-226 23 10 expert expert NOUN flr-226 23 11 chemists chemist NOUN flr-226 23 12 develop develop VERB flr-226 23 13 a a DET flr-226 23 14 predilection predilection NOUN flr-226 23 15 for for ADP flr-226 23 16 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 23 17 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 23 18 to to PART flr-226 23 19 solve solve VERB flr-226 23 20 chemistry chemistry NOUN flr-226 23 21 tasks task NOUN flr-226 23 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 23 23 stieff stieff NOUN flr-226 23 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 23 25 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 23 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 23 27 . . PUNCT flr-226 24 1 in in ADP flr-226 24 2 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 24 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 24 4 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 24 5 on on ADP flr-226 24 6 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 24 7 - - PUNCT flr-226 24 8 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 24 9 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 24 10 seems seem VERB flr-226 24 11 to to PART flr-226 24 12 coincide coincide VERB flr-226 24 13 with with ADP flr-226 24 14 the the DET flr-226 24 15 level level NOUN flr-226 24 16 1 1 NUM flr-226 24 17 of of ADP flr-226 24 18 the the DET flr-226 24 19 van van PROPN flr-226 24 20 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 24 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 24 22 1986 1986 NUM flr-226 24 23 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 24 24 theory theory NOUN flr-226 24 25 in in ADP flr-226 24 26 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 24 27 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 24 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 25 1 at at ADP flr-226 25 2 later later ADJ flr-226 25 3 levels level NOUN flr-226 25 4 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 25 5 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 25 6 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-226 25 7 requires require VERB flr-226 25 8 an an DET flr-226 25 9 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 25 10 of of ADP flr-226 25 11 the the DET flr-226 25 12 logical logical ADJ flr-226 25 13 systems system NOUN flr-226 25 14 that that PRON flr-226 25 15 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 25 16 represents represent VERB flr-226 25 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 26 1 in in ADP flr-226 26 2 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 26 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 26 4 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 26 5 are be AUX flr-226 26 6 represented represent VERB flr-226 26 7 by by ADP flr-226 26 8 a a DET flr-226 26 9 set set NOUN flr-226 26 10 of of ADP flr-226 26 11 properties property NOUN flr-226 26 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 26 13 their their PRON flr-226 26 14 relations relation NOUN flr-226 26 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 26 16 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 26 17 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 26 18 is be AUX flr-226 26 19 characterized characterize VERB flr-226 26 20 by by ADP flr-226 26 21 the the DET flr-226 26 22 formal formal ADJ flr-226 26 23 manipulation manipulation NOUN flr-226 26 24 of of ADP flr-226 26 25 a a DET flr-226 26 26 logical logical ADJ flr-226 26 27 system system NOUN flr-226 26 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 27 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 27 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 27 3 when when SCONJ flr-226 27 4 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 27 5 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 27 6 is be AUX flr-226 27 7 achieved achieve VERB flr-226 27 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 27 9 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 27 10 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 27 11 relies rely VERB flr-226 27 12 increasingly increasingly ADV flr-226 27 13 on on ADP flr-226 27 14 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 27 15 formal formal ADJ flr-226 27 16 processes process NOUN flr-226 27 17 based base VERB flr-226 27 18 on on ADP flr-226 27 19 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 27 20 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 27 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 28 1 the the DET flr-226 28 2 purpose purpose NOUN flr-226 28 3 of of ADP flr-226 28 4 the the DET flr-226 28 5 present present ADJ flr-226 28 6 research research NOUN flr-226 28 7 is be AUX flr-226 28 8 to to PART flr-226 28 9 develop develop VERB flr-226 28 10 a a DET flr-226 28 11 task task NOUN flr-226 28 12 that that PRON flr-226 28 13 can can AUX flr-226 28 14 differentiate differentiate VERB flr-226 28 15 visual visual ADJ flr-226 28 16 from from ADP flr-226 28 17 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 28 18 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 28 19 in in ADP flr-226 28 20 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 28 21 -a -a X flr-226 28 22 visual visual ADJ flr-226 28 23 / / SYM flr-226 28 24 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 28 25 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 28 26 task task NOUN flr-226 28 27 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 28 28 vast vast ADJ flr-226 28 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 28 30 -and -and PUNCT flr-226 28 31 to to PART flr-226 28 32 validate validate VERB flr-226 28 33 it it PRON flr-226 28 34 by by ADP flr-226 28 35 comparing compare VERB flr-226 28 36 novices novice NOUN flr-226 28 37 to to ADP flr-226 28 38 experts expert NOUN flr-226 28 39 in in ADP flr-226 28 40 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 28 41 . . PUNCT flr-226 29 1 in in ADP flr-226 29 2 the the DET flr-226 29 3 next next ADJ flr-226 29 4 section section NOUN flr-226 29 5 we we PRON flr-226 29 6 present present VERB flr-226 29 7 a a DET flr-226 29 8 summary summary NOUN flr-226 29 9 review review NOUN flr-226 29 10 of of ADP flr-226 29 11 the the DET flr-226 29 12 literature literature NOUN flr-226 29 13 on on ADP flr-226 29 14 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 29 15 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 29 16 and and CCONJ flr-226 29 17 define define VERB flr-226 29 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 29 19 explain explain VERB flr-226 29 20 our our PRON flr-226 29 21 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 29 22 position position NOUN flr-226 29 23 with with ADP flr-226 29 24 respect respect NOUN flr-226 29 25 to to ADP flr-226 29 26 the the DET flr-226 29 27 use use NOUN flr-226 29 28 of of ADP flr-226 29 29 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 29 30 - - PUNCT flr-226 29 31 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 29 32 and and CCONJ flr-226 29 33 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 29 34 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 29 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 30 1 1.1 1.1 NUM flr-226 30 2 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 30 3 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 30 4 piaget piaget NOUN flr-226 30 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 30 6 his his PRON flr-226 30 7 collaborators collaborator NOUN flr-226 30 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 30 9 piaget piaget NOUN flr-226 30 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 30 11 inhelder inhelder NOUN flr-226 30 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 30 13 & & CCONJ flr-226 30 14 szeminska szeminska PROPN flr-226 30 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 30 16 1948/1960 1948/1960 NUM flr-226 30 17 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 30 18 piaget piaget PROPN flr-226 30 19 & & CCONJ flr-226 30 20 inhelder inhelder NOUN flr-226 30 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 30 22 1948/1967 1948/1967 NUM flr-226 30 23 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 30 24 were be AUX flr-226 30 25 the the DET flr-226 30 26 first first ADJ flr-226 30 27 to to PART flr-226 30 28 study study VERB flr-226 30 29 the the DET flr-226 30 30 psychological psychological ADJ flr-226 30 31 foundations foundation NOUN flr-226 30 32 of of ADP flr-226 30 33 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 30 34 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 30 35 and and CCONJ flr-226 30 36 to to PART flr-226 30 37 propose propose VERB flr-226 30 38 that that SCONJ flr-226 30 39 it it PRON flr-226 30 40 develops develop VERB flr-226 30 41 in in ADP flr-226 30 42 four four NUM flr-226 30 43 sequential sequential ADJ flr-226 30 44 and and CCONJ flr-226 30 45 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ flr-226 30 46 stages1 stages1 ADV flr-226 30 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 31 1 in in ADP flr-226 31 2 subsequent subsequent ADJ flr-226 31 3 years year NOUN flr-226 31 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 31 5 van van PROPN flr-226 31 6 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 31 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 31 8 1986 1986 NUM flr-226 31 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 31 10 argued argue VERB flr-226 31 11 that that SCONJ flr-226 31 12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     SPACE flr-226 31 13 1 1 NUM flr-226 31 14 there there PRON flr-226 31 15 is be VERB flr-226 31 16 a a DET flr-226 31 17 great great ADJ flr-226 31 18 deal deal NOUN flr-226 31 19 of of ADP flr-226 31 20 research research NOUN flr-226 31 21 on on ADP flr-226 31 22 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 31 23 development development NOUN flr-226 31 24 in in ADP flr-226 31 25 young young ADJ flr-226 31 26 children child NOUN flr-226 31 27 and and CCONJ flr-226 31 28 different different ADJ flr-226 31 29 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 31 30 approaches approach NOUN flr-226 31 31 have have AUX flr-226 31 32 appeared appear VERB flr-226 31 33 after after ADP flr-226 31 34 piaget piaget PROPN flr-226 31 35 ’s ’s PART flr-226 31 36 seminal seminal ADJ flr-226 31 37 work work NOUN flr-226 31 38 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 31 39 see see VERB flr-226 31 40 newcombe newcombe PROPN flr-226 31 41 & & CCONJ flr-226 31 42 huttenlocher huttenlocher PROPN flr-226 31 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 31 44 2000 2000 NUM flr-226 31 45 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 31 46 spelke spelke PROPN flr-226 31 47 & & CCONJ flr-226 31 48 kinzler kinzler PROPN flr-226 31 49 , , PUNCT flr-226 31 50 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 31 51 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 31 52 but but CCONJ flr-226 31 53 this this PRON flr-226 31 54 is be AUX flr-226 31 55 not not PART flr-226 31 56 the the DET flr-226 31 57 focus focus NOUN flr-226 31 58 of of ADP flr-226 31 59 the the DET flr-226 31 60 present present ADJ flr-226 31 61 paper paper NOUN flr-226 31 62 . . PUNCT flr-226 32 1 41 41 NUM flr-226 32 2 kospentaris kospentaris NOUN flr-226 32 3     SPACE flr-226 32 4 et et PROPN flr-226 32 5     SPACE flr-226 32 6 al al PROPN flr-226 32 7                     SPACE flr-226 32 8 42 42 NUM flr-226 32 9     SPACE flr-226 32 10 there there PRON flr-226 32 11 are be VERB flr-226 32 12 five five NUM flr-226 32 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 32 14 qualitatively qualitatively ADV flr-226 32 15 distinct distinct ADJ flr-226 32 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 32 17 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ flr-226 32 18 levels level NOUN flr-226 32 19 of of ADP flr-226 32 20 thought thought NOUN flr-226 32 21 in in ADP flr-226 32 22 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 32 23 . . PUNCT flr-226 33 1 in in ADP flr-226 33 2 contrast contrast NOUN flr-226 33 3 to to ADP flr-226 33 4 piaget piaget VERB flr-226 33 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 33 6 van van PROPN flr-226 33 7 hiele hiele NOUN flr-226 33 8 strongly strongly ADV flr-226 33 9 emphasized emphasize VERB flr-226 33 10 the the DET flr-226 33 11 crucial crucial ADJ flr-226 33 12 role role NOUN flr-226 33 13 of of ADP flr-226 33 14 school school NOUN flr-226 33 15 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 33 16 in in ADP flr-226 33 17 the the DET flr-226 33 18 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 33 19 of of ADP flr-226 33 20 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 33 21 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 33 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 33 23 van van PROPN flr-226 33 24 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 33 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 33 26 1986 1986 NUM flr-226 33 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 33 28 p. p. NOUN flr-226 33 29 65 65 NUM flr-226 33 30 - - SYM flr-226 33 31 66 66 NUM flr-226 33 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 33 33 . . PUNCT flr-226 34 1 more more ADV flr-226 34 2 recently recently ADV flr-226 34 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 34 4 houdement houdement NOUN flr-226 34 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 34 6 kuzniak kuzniak PROPN flr-226 34 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 34 8 2003 2003 NUM flr-226 34 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 34 10 proposed propose VERB flr-226 34 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 34 12 on on ADP flr-226 34 13 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 34 14 grounds ground NOUN flr-226 34 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 34 16 that that SCONJ flr-226 34 17 the the DET flr-226 34 18 five five NUM flr-226 34 19 van van PROPN flr-226 34 20 hiele hiele NOUN flr-226 34 21 levels level NOUN flr-226 34 22 can can AUX flr-226 34 23 be be AUX flr-226 34 24 reduced reduce VERB flr-226 34 25 to to ADP flr-226 34 26 three three NUM flr-226 34 27 kuhnian kuhnian ADJ flr-226 34 28 - - PUNCT flr-226 34 29 like like ADJ flr-226 34 30 paradigms paradigm NOUN flr-226 34 31 : : PUNCT flr-226 34 32 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 34 33 1 1 NUM flr-226 34 34 - - PUNCT flr-226 34 35 natural natural ADJ flr-226 34 36 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 34 37 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 34 38 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 34 39 iinatural iinatural ADJ flr-226 34 40 axiomatic axiomatic ADJ flr-226 34 41 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 34 42 , , PUNCT flr-226 34 43 and and CCONJ flr-226 34 44 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 34 45 iii iii PROPN flr-226 34 46 – – PUNCT flr-226 34 47 formalist formalist ADJ flr-226 34 48 axiomatic axiomatic ADJ flr-226 34 49 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 34 50 . . PUNCT flr-226 35 1 empirical empirical ADJ flr-226 35 2 research research NOUN flr-226 35 3 so so ADV flr-226 35 4 far far ADV flr-226 35 5 has have AUX flr-226 35 6 failed fail VERB flr-226 35 7 to to PART flr-226 35 8 confirm confirm VERB flr-226 35 9 the the DET flr-226 35 10 predictions prediction NOUN flr-226 35 11 of of ADP flr-226 35 12 the the DET flr-226 35 13 van van PROPN flr-226 35 14 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 35 15 theory theory NOUN flr-226 35 16 that that SCONJ flr-226 35 17 students student NOUN flr-226 35 18 move move VERB flr-226 35 19 through through ADP flr-226 35 20 discrete discrete ADJ flr-226 35 21 levels level NOUN flr-226 35 22 of of ADP flr-226 35 23 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 35 24 thought thought NOUN flr-226 35 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 35 26 each each PRON flr-226 35 27 characterized characterize VERB flr-226 35 28 by by ADP flr-226 35 29 different different ADJ flr-226 35 30 internal internal ADJ flr-226 35 31 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 35 32 organization organization NOUN flr-226 35 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 35 34 battista battista PROPN flr-226 35 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 35 36 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 35 37 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 35 38 . . PUNCT flr-226 36 1 it it PRON flr-226 36 2 appears appear VERB flr-226 36 3 instead instead ADV flr-226 36 4 that that SCONJ flr-226 36 5 students student NOUN flr-226 36 6 oscillate oscillate VERB flr-226 36 7 between between ADP flr-226 36 8 different different ADJ flr-226 36 9 levels level NOUN flr-226 36 10 of of ADP flr-226 36 11 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 36 12 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 36 13 depending depend VERB flr-226 36 14 on on ADP flr-226 36 15 the the DET flr-226 36 16 context context NOUN flr-226 36 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 36 18 the the DET flr-226 36 19 nature nature NOUN flr-226 36 20 of of ADP flr-226 36 21 the the DET flr-226 36 22 problems problem NOUN flr-226 36 23 to to PART flr-226 36 24 be be AUX flr-226 36 25 solved solve VERB flr-226 36 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 37 1 for for ADP flr-226 37 2 this this DET flr-226 37 3 reason reason NOUN flr-226 37 4 some some DET flr-226 37 5 researchers researcher NOUN flr-226 37 6 have have AUX flr-226 37 7 argued argue VERB flr-226 37 8 that that SCONJ flr-226 37 9 although although SCONJ flr-226 37 10 there there PRON flr-226 37 11 might might AUX flr-226 37 12 be be AUX flr-226 37 13 different different ADJ flr-226 37 14 levels level NOUN flr-226 37 15 of of ADP flr-226 37 16 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 37 17 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 37 18 as as SCONJ flr-226 37 19 identified identify VERB flr-226 37 20 by by ADP flr-226 37 21 van van PROPN flr-226 37 22 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 37 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 37 24 these these PRON flr-226 37 25 do do AUX flr-226 37 26 not not PART flr-226 37 27 represent represent VERB flr-226 37 28 distinct distinct ADJ flr-226 37 29 stages stage NOUN flr-226 37 30 but but CCONJ flr-226 37 31 develop develop VERB flr-226 37 32 in in ADP flr-226 37 33 parallel parallel ADJ flr-226 37 34 and and CCONJ flr-226 37 35 without without ADP flr-226 37 36 discontinuities discontinuity NOUN flr-226 37 37 between between ADP flr-226 37 38 them they PRON flr-226 37 39 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 37 40 clements clements PROPN flr-226 37 41 & & CCONJ flr-226 37 42 battista battista PROPN flr-226 37 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 37 44 2001 2001 NUM flr-226 37 45 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 37 46 lehrer lehrer PROPN flr-226 37 47 , , PUNCT flr-226 37 48 jenkins jenkins PROPN flr-226 37 49 , , PUNCT flr-226 37 50 & & CCONJ flr-226 37 51 osana osana PROPN flr-226 37 52 , , PUNCT flr-226 37 53 1998 1998 NUM flr-226 37 54 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 37 55 . . PUNCT flr-226 38 1 it it PRON flr-226 38 2 follows follow VERB flr-226 38 3 from from ADP flr-226 38 4 the the DET flr-226 38 5 above above ADV flr-226 38 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 38 7 we we PRON flr-226 38 8 need need VERB flr-226 38 9 a a DET flr-226 38 10 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 38 11 framework framework NOUN flr-226 38 12 that that PRON flr-226 38 13 can can AUX flr-226 38 14 account account VERB flr-226 38 15 for for ADP flr-226 38 16 the the DET flr-226 38 17 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 38 18 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 38 19 re re NOUN flr-226 38 20 - - NOUN flr-226 38 21 organizations organization NOUN flr-226 38 22 that that PRON flr-226 38 23 take take VERB flr-226 38 24 place place NOUN flr-226 38 25 in in ADP flr-226 38 26 the the DET flr-226 38 27 process process NOUN flr-226 38 28 of of ADP flr-226 38 29 acquiring acquire VERB flr-226 38 30 and and CCONJ flr-226 38 31 using use VERB flr-226 38 32 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 38 33 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 38 34 without without ADP flr-226 38 35 posing pose VERB flr-226 38 36 the the DET flr-226 38 37 existence existence NOUN flr-226 38 38 of of ADP flr-226 38 39 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ flr-226 38 40 and and CCONJ flr-226 38 41 well well ADV flr-226 38 42 - - PUNCT flr-226 38 43 defined define VERB flr-226 38 44 distinct distinct ADJ flr-226 38 45 stages stage NOUN flr-226 38 46 . . PUNCT flr-226 39 1 for for ADP flr-226 39 2 these these DET flr-226 39 3 reason reason NOUN flr-226 39 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 39 5 it it PRON flr-226 39 6 is be AUX flr-226 39 7 proposed propose VERB flr-226 39 8 here here ADV flr-226 39 9 that that SCONJ flr-226 39 10 it it PRON flr-226 39 11 might might AUX flr-226 39 12 be be AUX flr-226 39 13 fruitful fruitful ADJ flr-226 39 14 to to PART flr-226 39 15 examine examine VERB flr-226 39 16 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 39 17 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 39 18 from from ADP flr-226 39 19 a a DET flr-226 39 20 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 39 21 change change NOUN flr-226 39 22 point point NOUN flr-226 39 23 of of ADP flr-226 39 24 view view NOUN flr-226 39 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 39 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 39 27 that that SCONJ flr-226 39 28 the the DET flr-226 39 29 framework framework NOUN flr-226 39 30 theory theory NOUN flr-226 39 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 39 32 ft ft NOUN flr-226 39 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 39 34 approach approach NOUN flr-226 39 35 to to ADP flr-226 39 36 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 39 37 change change NOUN flr-226 39 38 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 39 39 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 39 40 , , PUNCT flr-226 39 41 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 39 42 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 39 43 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 39 44 & & CCONJ flr-226 39 45 skopeliti skopeliti ADV flr-226 39 46 , , PUNCT flr-226 39 47 2014 2014 NUM flr-226 39 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 39 49 can can AUX flr-226 39 50 serve serve VERB flr-226 39 51 as as ADP flr-226 39 52 an an DET flr-226 39 53 anchor anchor NOUN flr-226 39 54 for for ADP flr-226 39 55 examining examine VERB flr-226 39 56 changes change NOUN flr-226 39 57 in in ADP flr-226 39 58 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 39 59 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 39 60 after after ADP flr-226 39 61 exposure exposure NOUN flr-226 39 62 to to ADP flr-226 39 63 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 39 64 . . PUNCT flr-226 40 1 the the DET flr-226 40 2 ft ft PROPN flr-226 40 3 belongs belong VERB flr-226 40 4 to to ADP flr-226 40 5 a a DET flr-226 40 6 class class NOUN flr-226 40 7 of of ADP flr-226 40 8 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 40 9 change change NOUN flr-226 40 10 approaches approach NOUN flr-226 40 11 known know VERB flr-226 40 12 as as ADP flr-226 40 13 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 40 14 theory theory NOUN flr-226 40 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 40 16 theory theory NOUN flr-226 40 17 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 40 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 40 19 carey carey NOUN flr-226 40 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 40 21 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 40 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 40 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 40 24 but but CCONJ flr-226 40 25 also also ADV flr-226 40 26 differs differ VERB flr-226 40 27 from from ADP flr-226 40 28 them they PRON flr-226 40 29 in in ADP flr-226 40 30 important important ADJ flr-226 40 31 ways way NOUN flr-226 40 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 41 1 briefly briefly NOUN flr-226 41 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 3 the the DET flr-226 41 4 ft ft NOUN flr-226 41 5 claims claim VERB flr-226 41 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 41 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 41 8 a a X flr-226 41 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 41 10 there there PRON flr-226 41 11 are be VERB flr-226 41 12 systems system NOUN flr-226 41 13 of of ADP flr-226 41 14 core core NOUN flr-226 41 15 cognition cognition NOUN flr-226 41 16 that that PRON flr-226 41 17 bootstrap bootstrap VERB flr-226 41 18 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 41 19 development development NOUN flr-226 41 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 41 21 carey carey NOUN flr-226 41 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 23 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 41 24 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 41 25 spelke spelke PROPN flr-226 41 26 & & CCONJ flr-226 41 27 kinzler kinzler PROPN flr-226 41 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 29 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 41 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 41 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 32 without without ADP flr-226 41 33 making make VERB flr-226 41 34 strong strong ADJ flr-226 41 35 nativist nativist ADJ flr-226 41 36 interpretations interpretation NOUN flr-226 41 37 of of ADP flr-226 41 38 early early ADJ flr-226 41 39 infant infant NOUN flr-226 41 40 competencies2 competencies2 PROPN flr-226 41 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 42 and and CCONJ flr-226 41 43 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 41 44 b b X flr-226 41 45 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 41 46 that that SCONJ flr-226 41 47 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 41 48 development development NOUN flr-226 41 49 consists consist VERB flr-226 41 50 of of ADP flr-226 41 51 episodes episode NOUN flr-226 41 52 of of ADP flr-226 41 53 qualitative qualitative ADJ flr-226 41 54 change change NOUN flr-226 41 55 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 56 which which PRON flr-226 41 57 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 58 however however ADV flr-226 41 59 , , PUNCT flr-226 41 60 are be AUX flr-226 41 61 not not PART flr-226 41 62 discontinuous discontinuous ADJ flr-226 41 63 or or CCONJ flr-226 41 64 stage stage NOUN flr-226 41 65 like like ADP flr-226 41 66 . . PUNCT flr-226 42 1 rather rather ADV flr-226 42 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 42 3 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 42 4 change change NOUN flr-226 42 5 is be AUX flr-226 42 6 seen see VERB flr-226 42 7 as as ADP flr-226 42 8 a a DET flr-226 42 9 slow slow ADJ flr-226 42 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 42 11 gradual gradual ADJ flr-226 42 12 learning learning NOUN flr-226 42 13 process process NOUN flr-226 42 14 greatly greatly ADV flr-226 42 15 facilitated facilitate VERB flr-226 42 16 by by ADP flr-226 42 17 sociocultural sociocultural ADJ flr-226 42 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 42 19 educational educational ADJ flr-226 42 20 inputs input NOUN flr-226 42 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 43 1 according accord VERB flr-226 43 2 to to ADP flr-226 43 3 the the DET flr-226 43 4 ft ft NOUN flr-226 43 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 43 6 the the DET flr-226 43 7 same same ADJ flr-226 43 8 constructive constructive ADJ flr-226 43 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 43 10 type type NOUN flr-226 43 11 mechanisms mechanism NOUN flr-226 43 12 that that PRON flr-226 43 13 are be AUX flr-226 43 14 involved involve VERB flr-226 43 15 in in ADP flr-226 43 16 all all DET flr-226 43 17 learning learn VERB flr-226 43 18 processes process NOUN flr-226 43 19 are be AUX flr-226 43 20 also also ADV flr-226 43 21 involved involve VERB flr-226 43 22 in in ADP flr-226 43 23 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 43 24 change change NOUN flr-226 43 25 processes process NOUN flr-226 43 26 often often ADV flr-226 43 27 producing produce VERB flr-226 43 28 fragmentation fragmentation NOUN flr-226 43 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 43 30 misconceptions misconception NOUN flr-226 43 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 43 32 but but CCONJ flr-226 43 33 eventually eventually ADV flr-226 43 34 having have VERB flr-226 43 35 the the DET flr-226 43 36 potential potential NOUN flr-226 43 37 to to PART flr-226 43 38 lead lead VERB flr-226 43 39 to to ADP flr-226 43 40 qualitatively qualitatively ADV flr-226 43 41 different different ADJ flr-226 43 42 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 43 43 organizations organization NOUN flr-226 43 44 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 43 45 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 43 46 & & CCONJ flr-226 43 47 skopeliti skopeliti ADV flr-226 43 48 , , PUNCT flr-226 43 49 2014 2014 NUM flr-226 43 50 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 43 51 . . PUNCT flr-226 44 1 finally finally ADV flr-226 44 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 44 3 the the DET flr-226 44 4 ft ft NOUN flr-226 44 5 claims claim VERB flr-226 44 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 44 7 initial initial ADJ flr-226 44 8 systems system NOUN flr-226 44 9 of of ADP flr-226 44 10 thought thought NOUN flr-226 44 11 continue continue VERB flr-226 44 12 to to PART flr-226 44 13 exist exist VERB flr-226 44 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 44 15 influence influence NOUN flr-226 44 16 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 44 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 44 18 even even ADV flr-226 44 19 after after SCONJ flr-226 44 20 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 44 21 - - PUNCT flr-226 44 22 induced induce VERB flr-226 44 23 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 44 24 changes change NOUN flr-226 44 25 have have AUX flr-226 44 26 occurred occur VERB flr-226 44 27 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 44 28 shtulman shtulman NOUN flr-226 44 29 & & CCONJ flr-226 44 30 varcarcel varcarcel PROPN flr-226 44 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 44 32 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 44 33 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 44 34 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 44 35 et et PROPN flr-226 44 36 al al PROPN flr-226 44 37 . . PROPN flr-226 44 38 , , PUNCT flr-226 44 39 2015 2015 NUM flr-226 44 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 44 41 . . PUNCT flr-226 45 1 seen see VERB flr-226 45 2 from from ADP flr-226 45 3 this this DET flr-226 45 4 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 45 5 perspective perspective NOUN flr-226 45 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 45 7 it it PRON flr-226 45 8 is be AUX flr-226 45 9 argued argue VERB flr-226 45 10 that that SCONJ flr-226 45 11 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 45 12 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 45 13 is be AUX flr-226 45 14 originally originally ADV flr-226 45 15 built build VERB flr-226 45 16 on on ADP flr-226 45 17 two two NUM flr-226 45 18 core core NOUN flr-226 45 19 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 45 20 systems system NOUN flr-226 45 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 45 22 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 45 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 45 24 numerical numerical ADJ flr-226 45 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 45 26 that that PRON flr-226 45 27 rely rely VERB flr-226 45 28 on on ADP flr-226 45 29 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 45 30 - - PUNCT flr-226 45 31 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 45 32 information information NOUN flr-226 45 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 45 34 newcombe newcombe PROPN flr-226 45 35 & & CCONJ flr-226 45 36 frick frick PROPN flr-226 45 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 45 38 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 45 39 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 45 40 spelke spelke PROPN flr-226 45 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 45 42 lee lee PROPN flr-226 45 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 45 44 & & CCONJ flr-226 45 45 izard izard PROPN flr-226 45 46 , , PUNCT flr-226 45 47 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 45 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 45 49 , , PUNCT flr-226 45 50 but but CCONJ flr-226 45 51 that that SCONJ flr-226 45 52 it it PRON flr-226 45 53 gradually gradually ADV flr-226 45 54 develops develop VERB flr-226 45 55 through through ADP flr-226 45 56 systematic systematic ADJ flr-226 45 57 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 45 58 to to PART flr-226 45 59 rely rely VERB flr-226 45 60 on on ADP flr-226 45 61 more more ADJ flr-226 45 62 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 45 63 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 45 64 based base VERB flr-226 45 65 on on ADP flr-226 45 66 formal formal ADJ flr-226 45 67 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 45 68 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 45 69 . . PUNCT flr-226 46 1 in in ADP flr-226 46 2 other other ADJ flr-226 46 3 words word NOUN flr-226 46 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 46 5 we we PRON flr-226 46 6 claim claim VERB flr-226 46 7 that that SCONJ flr-226 46 8 there there PRON flr-226 46 9 is be VERB flr-226 46 10 a a DET flr-226 46 11 growing grow VERB flr-226 46 12 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 46 13 on on ADP flr-226 46 14 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 46 15 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 46 16 in in ADP flr-226 46 17 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 46 18 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 46 19 with with ADP flr-226 46 20 the the DET flr-226 46 21 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 46 22 of of ADP flr-226 46 23 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 46 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 46 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 46 26 that that SCONJ flr-226 46 27 the the DET flr-226 46 28 systematic systematic ADJ flr-226 46 29 use use NOUN flr-226 46 30 of of ADP flr-226 46 31 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 46 32 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 46 33 is be AUX flr-226 46 34 a a DET flr-226 46 35 product product NOUN flr-226 46 36 of of ADP flr-226 46 37 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 46 38 changes change NOUN flr-226 46 39 that that PRON flr-226 46 40 take take VERB flr-226 46 41 place place NOUN flr-226 46 42 in in ADP flr-226 46 43 the the DET flr-226 46 44 subject subject ADJ flr-226 46 45 - - PUNCT flr-226 46 46 matter matter NOUN flr-226 46 47 area area NOUN flr-226 46 48 of of ADP flr-226 46 49 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 46 50 . . PUNCT flr-226 47 1 we we PRON flr-226 47 2 do do AUX flr-226 47 3 not not PART flr-226 47 4 claim claim VERB flr-226 47 5 that that SCONJ flr-226 47 6 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 47 7 - - PUNCT flr-226 47 8 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 47 9 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 47 10 become become VERB flr-226 47 11 extinct extinct ADJ flr-226 47 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 47 13 that that SCONJ flr-226 47 14 experts expert NOUN flr-226 47 15 rely rely VERB flr-226 47 16 on on ADP flr-226 47 17 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 47 18 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 47 19 only only ADV flr-226 47 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 48 1 unlike unlike ADP flr-226 48 2 stage stage NOUN flr-226 48 3 theories theory NOUN flr-226 48 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 48 5 we we PRON flr-226 48 6 argue argue VERB flr-226 48 7 that that SCONJ flr-226 48 8 the the DET flr-226 48 9 initial initial ADJ flr-226 48 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 48 11 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 48 12 - - PUNCT flr-226 48 13 spatial spatial NOUN flr-226 48 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 48 15 approach approach NOUN flr-226 48 16 to to ADP flr-226 48 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 48 18 is be AUX flr-226 48 19 not not PART flr-226 48 20 supplanted supplant VERB flr-226 48 21 by by ADP flr-226 48 22 the the DET flr-226 48 23 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 48 24 one one NOUN flr-226 48 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 48 26 but but CCONJ flr-226 48 27 continues continue VERB flr-226 48 28 to to PART flr-226 48 29 exist exist VERB flr-226 48 30 and and CCONJ flr-226 48 31 to to PART flr-226 48 32 be be AUX flr-226 48 33 used use VERB flr-226 48 34 when when SCONJ flr-226 48 35 contextually contextually ADV flr-226 48 36 appropriate appropriate ADJ flr-226 48 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 49 1 the the DET flr-226 49 2 ability ability NOUN flr-226 49 3 to to PART flr-226 49 4 systematically systematically ADV flr-226 49 5 employ employ VERB flr-226 49 6 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 49 7 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 49 8 in in ADP flr-226 49 9 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 49 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 49 11 however however ADV flr-226 49 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 49 13 is be AUX flr-226 49 14 a a DET flr-226 49 15 major major ADJ flr-226 49 16 intellectual intellectual ADJ flr-226 49 17 achievement achievement NOUN flr-226 49 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 49 19 not not PART flr-226 49 20 a a DET flr-226 49 21 matter matter NOUN flr-226 49 22 of of ADP flr-226 49 23 individual individual ADJ flr-226 49 24 differences difference NOUN flr-226 49 25 in in ADP flr-226 49 26 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 49 27 style style NOUN flr-226 49 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 50 1 it it PRON flr-226 50 2 is be AUX flr-226 50 3 the the DET flr-226 50 4 product product NOUN flr-226 50 5 of of ADP flr-226 50 6 a a DET flr-226 50 7 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 50 8 change change NOUN flr-226 50 9 which which PRON flr-226 50 10 takes take VERB flr-226 50 11 place place NOUN flr-226 50 12 over over ADP flr-226 50 13 many many ADJ flr-226 50 14 years year NOUN flr-226 50 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 50 16 which which PRON flr-226 50 17 requires require VERB flr-226 50 18 the the DET flr-226 50 19 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 50 20 of of ADP flr-226 50 21 new new ADJ flr-226 50 22 concepts concept NOUN flr-226 50 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 50 24 new new ADJ flr-226 50 25 forms form NOUN flr-226 50 26 of of ADP flr-226 50 27 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 50 28 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 50 29 . . PUNCT flr-226 51 1 we we PRON flr-226 51 2 believe believe VERB flr-226 51 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 51 4 many many ADJ flr-226 51 5 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 51 6 education education NOUN flr-226 51 7 researchers researcher NOUN flr-226 51 8 would would AUX flr-226 51 9 agree agree VERB flr-226 51 10 with with ADP flr-226 51 11 this this DET flr-226 51 12 account account NOUN flr-226 51 13 of of ADP flr-226 51 14 the the DET flr-226 51 15 development development NOUN flr-226 51 16 of of ADP flr-226 51 17 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 51 18 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 51 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 52 1 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 52 2 is be AUX flr-226 52 3 undeniably undeniably ADV flr-226 52 4 a a DET flr-226 52 5 formal formal ADJ flr-226 52 6 system system NOUN flr-226 52 7 and and CCONJ flr-226 52 8 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 52 9 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 52 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         SPACE flr-226 52 11 2 2 NUM flr-226 52 12 various various ADJ flr-226 52 13 theories theory NOUN flr-226 52 14 are be AUX flr-226 52 15 attempting attempt VERB flr-226 52 16 to to PART flr-226 52 17 explain explain VERB flr-226 52 18 early early ADJ flr-226 52 19 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 52 20 development development NOUN flr-226 52 21 including include VERB flr-226 52 22 connectionist connectionist NOUN flr-226 52 23 interpretations interpretation NOUN flr-226 52 24 and and CCONJ flr-226 52 25 neoconstructivist neoconstructivist NOUN flr-226 52 26 approaches approach NOUN flr-226 52 27 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 52 28 see see VERB flr-226 52 29 newcombe newcombe NOUN flr-226 52 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 52 31 uttal uttal ADJ flr-226 52 32 , , PUNCT flr-226 52 33 & & CCONJ flr-226 52 34 sauer sauer PROPN flr-226 52 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 52 36 in in ADP flr-226 52 37 press press NOUN flr-226 52 38 , , PUNCT flr-226 52 39 for for ADP flr-226 52 40 an an DET flr-226 52 41 extensive extensive ADJ flr-226 52 42 review review NOUN flr-226 52 43 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 52 44 . . PUNCT flr-226 53 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 53 2     SPACE flr-226 53 3 et et PROPN flr-226 53 4     SPACE flr-226 53 5 al al PROPN flr-226 53 6                     SPACE flr-226 53 7 43 43 NUM flr-226 53 8     SPACE flr-226 53 9 consists consist VERB flr-226 53 10 of of ADP flr-226 53 11 using use VERB flr-226 53 12 this this DET flr-226 53 13 formal formal ADJ flr-226 53 14 system system NOUN flr-226 53 15 to to PART flr-226 53 16 reason reason VERB flr-226 53 17 about about ADP flr-226 53 18 shape shape NOUN flr-226 53 19 and and CCONJ flr-226 53 20 space space NOUN flr-226 53 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 54 1 according accord VERB flr-226 54 2 to to ADP flr-226 54 3 battista battista PROPN flr-226 54 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 54 5 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 54 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 54 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 54 8 underlying underlie VERB flr-226 54 9 this this DET flr-226 54 10 formal formal ADJ flr-226 54 11 system system NOUN flr-226 54 12 is be AUX flr-226 54 13 a a DET flr-226 54 14 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 54 15 primitive primitive ADJ flr-226 54 16 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 54 17 system system NOUN flr-226 54 18 of of ADP flr-226 54 19 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 54 20 - - PUNCT flr-226 54 21 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 54 22 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 54 23 allowing allow VERB flr-226 54 24 individuals individual NOUN flr-226 54 25 to to PART flr-226 54 26 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 54 27 see see VERB flr-226 54 28 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 54 29 , , PUNCT flr-226 54 30 inspect inspect VERB flr-226 54 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 54 32 and and CCONJ flr-226 54 33 reflect reflect VERB flr-226 54 34 on on ADP flr-226 54 35 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 54 36 objects object NOUN flr-226 54 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 54 38 images image NOUN flr-226 54 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 54 40 relationships relationship NOUN flr-226 54 41 and and CCONJ flr-226 54 42 transformations transformation NOUN flr-226 54 43 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 54 44 p. p. NOUN flr-226 54 45 843 843 NUM flr-226 54 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 54 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 55 1 this this DET flr-226 55 2 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 55 3 primitive primitive ADJ flr-226 55 4 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 55 5 system system NOUN flr-226 55 6 is be AUX flr-226 55 7 characterized characterize VERB flr-226 55 8 by by ADP flr-226 55 9 what what PRON flr-226 55 10 he he PRON flr-226 55 11 calls call VERB flr-226 55 12 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 55 13 perceptual perceptual ADJ flr-226 55 14 objects object NOUN flr-226 55 15 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 55 16 – – PUNCT flr-226 55 17 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 55 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 55 19 mental mental ADJ flr-226 55 20 entities entity NOUN flr-226 55 21 perceived perceive VERB flr-226 55 22 by by ADP flr-226 55 23 an an DET flr-226 55 24 individual individual NOUN flr-226 55 25 when when SCONJ flr-226 55 26 viewing view VERB flr-226 55 27 physical physical ADJ flr-226 55 28 objects object NOUN flr-226 55 29 in in ADP flr-226 55 30 the the DET flr-226 55 31 real real ADJ flr-226 55 32 world world NOUN flr-226 55 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 55 34 including include VERB flr-226 55 35 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 55 36 diagrams diagram NOUN flr-226 55 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 56 1 in in ADP flr-226 56 2 contrast contrast NOUN flr-226 56 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 56 4 expert expert ADJ flr-226 56 5 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 56 6 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 56 7 operates operate VERB flr-226 56 8 on on ADP flr-226 56 9 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 56 10 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 56 11 objects object NOUN flr-226 56 12 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 56 13 – – PUNCT flr-226 56 14 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 56 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 56 16 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 56 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 56 18 completely completely ADV flr-226 56 19 idealized idealized ADJ flr-226 56 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 56 21 general general ADJ flr-226 56 22 mental mental ADJ flr-226 56 23 entities entity NOUN flr-226 56 24 based base VERB flr-226 56 25 on on ADP flr-226 56 26 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 56 27 formal formal ADJ flr-226 56 28 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 56 29 categories category NOUN flr-226 56 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 56 31 which which PRON flr-226 56 32 are be AUX flr-226 56 33 explicitly explicitly ADV flr-226 56 34 circumscribed circumscribed ADJ flr-226 56 35 according accord VERB flr-226 56 36 to to ADP flr-226 56 37 verbally verbally ADV flr-226 56 38 stated state VERB flr-226 56 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 56 40 property property NOUN flr-226 56 41 - - PUNCT flr-226 56 42 based base VERB flr-226 56 43 definitions definition NOUN flr-226 56 44 . . PUNCT flr-226 57 1 the the DET flr-226 57 2 difference difference NOUN flr-226 57 3 between between ADP flr-226 57 4 a a DET flr-226 57 5 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 57 6 diagram diagram NOUN flr-226 57 7 and and CCONJ flr-226 57 8 a a DET flr-226 57 9 figure figure NOUN flr-226 57 10 captures capture VERB flr-226 57 11 this this DET flr-226 57 12 basic basic ADJ flr-226 57 13 dichotomy dichotomy NOUN flr-226 57 14 : : PUNCT flr-226 57 15 the the DET flr-226 57 16 former former ADJ flr-226 57 17 is be AUX flr-226 57 18 a a DET flr-226 57 19 material material NOUN flr-226 57 20 entity entity NOUN flr-226 57 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 57 22 a a DET flr-226 57 23 concrete concrete ADJ flr-226 57 24 case case NOUN flr-226 57 25 that that PRON flr-226 57 26 imperfectly imperfectly ADV flr-226 57 27 represents represent VERB flr-226 57 28 the the DET flr-226 57 29 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 57 30 concept concept NOUN flr-226 57 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 57 32 while while SCONJ flr-226 57 33 the the DET flr-226 57 34 latter latter NOUN flr-226 57 35 is be AUX flr-226 57 36 a a DET flr-226 57 37 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 57 38 , , PUNCT flr-226 57 39 ideal ideal ADJ flr-226 57 40 object object NOUN flr-226 57 41 without without ADP flr-226 57 42 any any DET flr-226 57 43 physical physical ADJ flr-226 57 44 properties property NOUN flr-226 57 45 . . PUNCT flr-226 58 1 similarly similarly ADV flr-226 58 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 58 3 fischbein fischbein PROPN flr-226 58 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 58 5 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 58 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 58 7 argues argue VERB flr-226 58 8 that that SCONJ flr-226 58 9 experts expert NOUN flr-226 58 10 in in ADP flr-226 58 11 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 58 12 form form NOUN flr-226 58 13 and and CCONJ flr-226 58 14 reason reason NOUN flr-226 58 15 with with ADP flr-226 58 16 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 58 17 figural figural ADJ flr-226 58 18 concepts concept NOUN flr-226 58 19 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 58 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 59 1 a a DET flr-226 59 2 figural figural ADJ flr-226 59 3 concept concept NOUN flr-226 59 4 is be AUX flr-226 59 5 controlled control VERB flr-226 59 6 by by ADP flr-226 59 7 logical logical ADJ flr-226 59 8 rules rule NOUN flr-226 59 9 in in ADP flr-226 59 10 the the DET flr-226 59 11 context context NOUN flr-226 59 12 of of ADP flr-226 59 13 an an DET flr-226 59 14 axiomatic axiomatic ADJ flr-226 59 15 system system NOUN flr-226 59 16 but but CCONJ flr-226 59 17 is be AUX flr-226 59 18 also also ADV flr-226 59 19 a a DET flr-226 59 20 mental mental ADJ flr-226 59 21 entity entity NOUN flr-226 59 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 59 23 an an DET flr-226 59 24 image image NOUN flr-226 59 25 with with ADP flr-226 59 26 a a DET flr-226 59 27 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 59 28 - - PUNCT flr-226 59 29 figural figural ADJ flr-226 59 30 content content NOUN flr-226 59 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 59 32 although although SCONJ flr-226 59 33 devoid devoid ADJ flr-226 59 34 of of ADP flr-226 59 35 any any DET flr-226 59 36 concrete concrete ADJ flr-226 59 37 sensorial sensorial ADJ flr-226 59 38 properties property NOUN flr-226 59 39 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 59 40 fischbein fischbein ADJ flr-226 59 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 59 42 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 59 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 59 44 p. p. NOUN flr-226 59 45 148 148 NUM flr-226 59 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 59 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 60 1 battista battista PROPN flr-226 60 2 ’s ’s PART flr-226 60 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 60 4 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 60 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 60 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 60 7 fischbein fischbein PROPN flr-226 60 8 ’s ’s PART flr-226 60 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 60 10 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 60 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 60 12 arguments argument NOUN flr-226 60 13 are be AUX flr-226 60 14 consistent consistent ADJ flr-226 60 15 with with ADP flr-226 60 16 the the DET flr-226 60 17 proposal proposal NOUN flr-226 60 18 that that SCONJ flr-226 60 19 there there PRON flr-226 60 20 are be VERB flr-226 60 21 ontological ontological ADJ flr-226 60 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 60 23 representational representational ADJ flr-226 60 24 shifts shift NOUN flr-226 60 25 that that PRON flr-226 60 26 take take VERB flr-226 60 27 place place NOUN flr-226 60 28 in in ADP flr-226 60 29 the the DET flr-226 60 30 development development NOUN flr-226 60 31 of of ADP flr-226 60 32 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 60 33 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 60 34 analogous analogous ADJ flr-226 60 35 in in ADP flr-226 60 36 some some DET flr-226 60 37 respects respect NOUN flr-226 60 38 to to ADP flr-226 60 39 the the DET flr-226 60 40 ontological ontological ADJ flr-226 60 41 shifts shift NOUN flr-226 60 42 that that PRON flr-226 60 43 take take VERB flr-226 60 44 place place NOUN flr-226 60 45 in in ADP flr-226 60 46 learning learn VERB flr-226 60 47 science science NOUN flr-226 60 48 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 60 49 chi chi NOUN flr-226 60 50 , , PUNCT flr-226 60 51 2008 2008 NUM flr-226 60 52 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 60 53 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 60 54 , , PUNCT flr-226 60 55 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 60 56 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 60 57 . . PUNCT flr-226 61 1 for for ADP flr-226 61 2 example example NOUN flr-226 61 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 61 4 a a DET flr-226 61 5 circle circle NOUN flr-226 61 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 61 7 this this DET flr-226 61 8 quite quite ADV flr-226 61 9 familiar familiar ADJ flr-226 61 10 shape shape NOUN flr-226 61 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 61 12 changes change NOUN flr-226 61 13 from from ADP flr-226 61 14 a a DET flr-226 61 15 visual visual ADJ flr-226 61 16 gestalt gestalt NOUN flr-226 61 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 61 18 figure figure NOUN flr-226 61 19 1a 1a NOUN flr-226 61 20 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 61 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 61 22 becomes become VERB flr-226 61 23 the the DET flr-226 61 24 locus locus NOUN flr-226 61 25 of of ADP flr-226 61 26 all all DET flr-226 61 27 plane plane NOUN flr-226 61 28 points point NOUN flr-226 61 29 characterized characterize VERB flr-226 61 30 with with ADP flr-226 61 31 the the DET flr-226 61 32 property property NOUN flr-226 61 33 that that PRON flr-226 61 34 they they PRON flr-226 61 35 are be AUX flr-226 61 36 equidistant equidistant ADJ flr-226 61 37 from from ADP flr-226 61 38 its its PRON flr-226 61 39 center center NOUN flr-226 61 40 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 61 41 figure figure NOUN flr-226 61 42 1b 1b NUM flr-226 61 43 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 61 44 , , PUNCT flr-226 61 45 or or CCONJ flr-226 61 46 , , PUNCT flr-226 61 47 in in ADP flr-226 61 48 the the DET flr-226 61 49 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 61 50 frame frame NOUN flr-226 61 51 of of ADP flr-226 61 52 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 61 53 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 61 54 , , PUNCT flr-226 61 55 to to ADP flr-226 61 56 an an DET flr-226 61 57 equation equation NOUN flr-226 61 58 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 61 59 the the DET flr-226 61 60 plane plane NOUN flr-226 61 61 points point VERB flr-226 61 62 satisfying satisfy VERB flr-226 61 63 x2+y2 x2+y2 PUNCT flr-226 62 1 = = SYM flr-226 62 2 r2 r2 PROPN flr-226 62 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 62 4 figure figure NOUN flr-226 62 5 1c 1c NOUN flr-226 62 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 62 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 63 1 in in ADP flr-226 63 2 addition addition NOUN flr-226 63 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 63 4 the the DET flr-226 63 5 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 63 6 explanations explanation NOUN flr-226 63 7 in in ADP flr-226 63 8 the the DET flr-226 63 9 domain domain NOUN flr-226 63 10 also also ADV flr-226 63 11 change change VERB flr-226 63 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 64 1 at at ADP flr-226 64 2 the the DET flr-226 64 3 beginning beginning NOUN flr-226 64 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 64 5 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 64 6 propositions proposition NOUN flr-226 64 7 are be AUX flr-226 64 8 mainly mainly ADV flr-226 64 9 inductive inductive ADJ flr-226 64 10 generalizations generalization NOUN flr-226 64 11 based base VERB flr-226 64 12 on on ADP flr-226 64 13 empirical empirical ADJ flr-226 64 14 observations observation NOUN flr-226 64 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 64 16 experimentation experimentation NOUN flr-226 64 17 with with ADP flr-226 64 18 perceptual perceptual ADJ flr-226 64 19 objects object NOUN flr-226 64 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 64 21 not not PART flr-226 64 22 on on ADP flr-226 64 23 proofs proof NOUN flr-226 64 24 and and CCONJ flr-226 64 25 deductive deductive ADJ flr-226 64 26 procedures procedure NOUN flr-226 64 27 based base VERB flr-226 64 28 on on ADP flr-226 64 29 accepted accept VERB flr-226 64 30 axioms axiom NOUN flr-226 64 31 and and CCONJ flr-226 64 32 previously previously ADV flr-226 64 33 proven prove VERB flr-226 64 34 propositions proposition NOUN flr-226 64 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 65 1 figure figure NOUN flr-226 65 2 1 1 NUM flr-226 65 3 . . PUNCT flr-226 66 1 changes change NOUN flr-226 66 2 in in ADP flr-226 66 3 the the DET flr-226 66 4 representation representation NOUN flr-226 66 5 of of ADP flr-226 66 6 the the DET flr-226 66 7 circle circle NOUN flr-226 66 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 67 1 it it PRON flr-226 67 2 could could AUX flr-226 67 3 be be AUX flr-226 67 4 argued argue VERB flr-226 67 5 that that SCONJ flr-226 67 6 the the DET flr-226 67 7 above above ADJ flr-226 67 8 arguments argument NOUN flr-226 67 9 would would AUX flr-226 67 10 also also ADV flr-226 67 11 be be AUX flr-226 67 12 acceptable acceptable ADJ flr-226 67 13 by by ADP flr-226 67 14 stage stage NOUN flr-226 67 15 theories theory NOUN flr-226 67 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 67 17 such such ADJ flr-226 67 18 as as ADP flr-226 67 19 the the DET flr-226 67 20 van van PROPN flr-226 67 21 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 67 22 theory theory NOUN flr-226 67 23 . . PUNCT flr-226 68 1 if if SCONJ flr-226 68 2 this this PRON flr-226 68 3 is be AUX flr-226 68 4 the the DET flr-226 68 5 case case NOUN flr-226 68 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 68 7 then then ADV flr-226 68 8 what what PRON flr-226 68 9 can can AUX flr-226 68 10 the the DET flr-226 68 11 ft ft NOUN flr-226 68 12 offer offer NOUN flr-226 68 13 in in ADP flr-226 68 14 our our PRON flr-226 68 15 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 68 16 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 68 17 of of ADP flr-226 68 18 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 68 19 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 68 20 ? ? PUNCT flr-226 69 1 although although SCONJ flr-226 69 2 some some DET flr-226 69 3 stage stage NOUN flr-226 69 4 theories theory NOUN flr-226 69 5 allow allow VERB flr-226 69 6 for for ADP flr-226 69 7 intra intra ADJ flr-226 69 8 - - ADJ flr-226 69 9 individual individual ADJ flr-226 69 10 differences difference NOUN flr-226 69 11 across across ADP flr-226 69 12 tasks task NOUN flr-226 69 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 69 14 a a DET flr-226 69 15 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN flr-226 69 16 known know VERB flr-226 69 17 as as ADP flr-226 69 18 decalage decalage NOUN flr-226 69 19 – – PUNCT flr-226 69 20 piaget piaget NOUN flr-226 69 21 & & CCONJ flr-226 69 22 inhelder inhelder NOUN flr-226 69 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 69 24 1948/1967 1948/1967 NUM flr-226 69 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 69 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 69 27 they they PRON flr-226 69 28 nevertheless nevertheless ADV flr-226 69 29 assume assume VERB flr-226 69 30 that that SCONJ flr-226 69 31 a a X flr-226 69 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 69 33 the the DET flr-226 69 34 new new ADJ flr-226 69 35 forms form NOUN flr-226 69 36 of of ADP flr-226 69 37 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 69 38 that that PRON flr-226 69 39 develop develop VERB flr-226 69 40 in in ADP flr-226 69 41 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 69 42 gradually gradually ADV flr-226 69 43 transform transform VERB flr-226 69 44 and and CCONJ flr-226 69 45 eventually eventually ADV flr-226 69 46 replace replace VERB flr-226 69 47 the the DET flr-226 69 48 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 69 49 primitive primitive ADJ flr-226 69 50 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 69 51 visuospatial visuospatial ADJ flr-226 69 52 system system NOUN flr-226 69 53 with with ADP flr-226 69 54 a a DET flr-226 69 55 more more ADV flr-226 69 56 advanced advanced ADJ flr-226 69 57 system system NOUN flr-226 69 58 of of ADP flr-226 69 59 thought thought NOUN flr-226 69 60 based base VERB flr-226 69 61 on on ADP flr-226 69 62 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 69 63 , , PUNCT flr-226 69 64 formal formal ADJ flr-226 69 65 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 69 66 , , PUNCT flr-226 69 67 and and CCONJ flr-226 69 68 b b X flr-226 69 69 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 69 70 that that SCONJ flr-226 69 71 this this DET flr-226 69 72 process process NOUN flr-226 69 73 leads lead VERB flr-226 69 74 to to ADP flr-226 69 75 distinct distinct ADJ flr-226 69 76 , , PUNCT flr-226 69 77 qualitatively qualitatively ADV flr-226 69 78 different different ADJ flr-226 69 79 stages stage NOUN flr-226 69 80 in in ADP flr-226 69 81 students student NOUN flr-226 69 82 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 69 83 thinking think VERB flr-226 69 84 . . PUNCT flr-226 70 1 from from ADP flr-226 70 2 the the DET flr-226 70 3 perspective perspective NOUN flr-226 70 4 of of ADP flr-226 70 5 the the DET flr-226 70 6 ft ft NOUN flr-226 70 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 8 however however ADV flr-226 70 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 10 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 70 11 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 70 12 does do AUX flr-226 70 13 not not PART flr-226 70 14 proceed proceed VERB flr-226 70 15 through through ADP flr-226 70 16 hierarchical hierarchical ADJ flr-226 70 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 70 18 well well ADV flr-226 70 19 defined define VERB flr-226 70 20 distinct distinct ADJ flr-226 70 21 stages stage NOUN flr-226 70 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 23 but but CCONJ flr-226 70 24 through through ADP flr-226 70 25 the the DET flr-226 70 26 gradual gradual ADJ flr-226 70 27 assimilation assimilation NOUN flr-226 70 28 of of ADP flr-226 70 29 the the DET flr-226 70 30 new new ADJ flr-226 70 31 information information NOUN flr-226 70 32 into into ADP flr-226 70 33 the the DET flr-226 70 34 initial initial ADJ flr-226 70 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 36 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 37 primitive primitive ADJ flr-226 70 38 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 39 system system NOUN flr-226 70 40 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 41 creating create VERB flr-226 70 42 in in ADP flr-226 70 43 the the DET flr-226 70 44 process process NOUN flr-226 70 45 inert inert NOUN flr-226 70 46 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 70 47 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 48 fragmentation fragmentation NOUN flr-226 70 49 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 50 and and CCONJ flr-226 70 51 misconceptions misconception NOUN flr-226 70 52 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 53 many many ADJ flr-226 70 54 of of ADP flr-226 70 55 which which PRON flr-226 70 56 are be AUX flr-226 70 57 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 58 synthetic synthetic ADJ flr-226 70 59 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 60 conceptions3 conceptions3 NOUN flr-226 70 61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     SPACE flr-226 70 62 3 3 NUM flr-226 70 63 synthetic synthetic ADJ flr-226 70 64 conceptions conception NOUN flr-226 70 65 are be AUX flr-226 70 66 formed form VERB flr-226 70 67 when when SCONJ flr-226 70 68 learners learner NOUN flr-226 70 69 assimilate assimilate VERB flr-226 70 70 scientific scientific ADJ flr-226 70 71 information information NOUN flr-226 70 72 to to ADP flr-226 70 73 their their PRON flr-226 70 74 incompatible incompatible ADJ flr-226 70 75 prior prior ADJ flr-226 70 76 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 70 77 producing produce VERB flr-226 70 78 in in ADP flr-226 70 79 the the DET flr-226 70 80 process process NOUN flr-226 70 81 an an DET flr-226 70 82 alternative alternative NOUN flr-226 70 83 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 84 erroneous erroneous ADJ flr-226 70 85 conception conception NOUN flr-226 70 86 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 87 which which PRON flr-226 70 88 however however ADV flr-226 70 89 has have VERB flr-226 70 90 some some DET flr-226 70 91 internal internal ADJ flr-226 70 92 consistency consistency NOUN flr-226 70 93 and and CCONJ flr-226 70 94 explanatory explanatory ADJ flr-226 70 95 value value NOUN flr-226 70 96 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 97 such such ADJ flr-226 70 98 as as ADP flr-226 70 99 the the DET flr-226 70 100 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 101 impetus impetus NOUN flr-226 70 102 misconception misconception NOUN flr-226 70 103 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 104 in in ADP flr-226 70 105 mechanics mechanic NOUN flr-226 70 106 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 70 107 clement clement NOUN flr-226 70 108 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 109 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 70 110 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 70 111 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 112 the the DET flr-226 70 113 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 114 molecules molecule NOUN flr-226 70 115 in in ADP flr-226 70 116 matter matter NOUN flr-226 70 117 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 118 model model NOUN flr-226 70 119 in in ADP flr-226 70 120 the the DET flr-226 70 121 atomic atomic ADJ flr-226 70 122 - - PUNCT flr-226 70 123 molecular molecular ADJ flr-226 70 124 theory theory NOUN flr-226 70 125 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 70 126 wiser wise ADJ flr-226 70 127 & & CCONJ flr-226 70 128 smith smith PROPN flr-226 70 129 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 130 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 70 131 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 70 132 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 133 and and CCONJ flr-226 70 134 the the DET flr-226 70 135 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 136 hollow hollow ADJ flr-226 70 137 sphere sphere NOUN flr-226 70 138 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 70 139 model model NOUN flr-226 70 140 in in ADP flr-226 70 141 observational observational ADJ flr-226 70 142 kospentaris kospentaris NOUN flr-226 70 143     SPACE flr-226 70 144 et et PROPN flr-226 70 145     SPACE flr-226 70 146 al al PROPN flr-226 70 147                     SPACE flr-226 70 148 44 44 NUM flr-226 70 149     SPACE flr-226 70 150 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 70 151 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 70 152 & & CCONJ flr-226 70 153 skopeliti skopeliti ADV flr-226 70 154 , , PUNCT flr-226 70 155 2014 2014 NUM flr-226 70 156 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 70 157 . . PUNCT flr-226 71 1 although although SCONJ flr-226 71 2 there there PRON flr-226 71 3 is be VERB flr-226 71 4 an an DET flr-226 71 5 order order NOUN flr-226 71 6 of of ADP flr-226 71 7 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 71 8 in in ADP flr-226 71 9 this this DET flr-226 71 10 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 71 11 development development NOUN flr-226 71 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 71 13 some some DET flr-226 71 14 learning learning NOUN flr-226 71 15 progressions progression NOUN flr-226 71 16 can can AUX flr-226 71 17 be be AUX flr-226 71 18 identified identify VERB flr-226 71 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 71 20 these these PRON flr-226 71 21 can can AUX flr-226 71 22 not not PART flr-226 71 23 be be AUX flr-226 71 24 characterized characterize VERB flr-226 71 25 as as ADP flr-226 71 26 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 71 27 stages stage NOUN flr-226 71 28 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 71 29 , , PUNCT flr-226 71 30 both both CCONJ flr-226 71 31 because because SCONJ flr-226 71 32 they they PRON flr-226 71 33 can can AUX flr-226 71 34 not not PART flr-226 71 35 be be AUX flr-226 71 36 clearly clearly ADV flr-226 71 37 identified identify VERB flr-226 71 38 as as ADP flr-226 71 39 such such ADJ flr-226 71 40 , , PUNCT flr-226 71 41 and and CCONJ flr-226 71 42 because because SCONJ flr-226 71 43 the the DET flr-226 71 44 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 71 45 primitive primitive ADJ flr-226 71 46 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 71 47 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 71 48 - - PUNCT flr-226 71 49 spatially spatially ADV flr-226 71 50 - - PUNCT flr-226 71 51 based base VERB flr-226 71 52 system system NOUN flr-226 71 53 – – PUNCT flr-226 71 54 is be AUX flr-226 71 55 not not PART flr-226 71 56 eradicated eradicate VERB flr-226 71 57 but but CCONJ flr-226 71 58 continues continue VERB flr-226 71 59 to to PART flr-226 71 60 co co VERB flr-226 71 61 - - VERB flr-226 71 62 exist exist VERB flr-226 71 63 with with ADP flr-226 71 64 the the DET flr-226 71 65 formal formal ADJ flr-226 71 66 , , PUNCT flr-226 71 67 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 71 68 modes mode NOUN flr-226 71 69 of of ADP flr-226 71 70 thought thought NOUN flr-226 71 71 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 71 72 shtulman shtulman NOUN flr-226 71 73 & & CCONJ flr-226 71 74 valcarcel valcarcel PROPN flr-226 71 75 , , PUNCT flr-226 71 76 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 71 77 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 71 78 . . PUNCT flr-226 72 1 the the DET flr-226 72 2 purpose purpose NOUN flr-226 72 3 of of ADP flr-226 72 4 the the DET flr-226 72 5 present present ADJ flr-226 72 6 research research NOUN flr-226 72 7 is be AUX flr-226 72 8 not not PART flr-226 72 9 to to PART flr-226 72 10 test test VERB flr-226 72 11 a a DET flr-226 72 12 full full ADV flr-226 72 13 - - PUNCT flr-226 72 14 blown blow VERB flr-226 72 15 theory theory NOUN flr-226 72 16 of of ADP flr-226 72 17 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 72 18 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 72 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 72 20 but but CCONJ flr-226 72 21 to to PART flr-226 72 22 start start VERB flr-226 72 23 in in ADP flr-226 72 24 this this DET flr-226 72 25 direction direction NOUN flr-226 72 26 by by ADP flr-226 72 27 developing develop VERB flr-226 72 28 a a DET flr-226 72 29 valid valid ADJ flr-226 72 30 task task NOUN flr-226 72 31 that that PRON flr-226 72 32 can can AUX flr-226 72 33 help help VERB flr-226 72 34 us we PRON flr-226 72 35 distinguish distinguish VERB flr-226 72 36 the the DET flr-226 72 37 use use NOUN flr-226 72 38 of of ADP flr-226 72 39 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 72 40 - - PUNCT flr-226 72 41 spatial spatial NOUN flr-226 72 42 from from ADP flr-226 72 43 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 72 44 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 72 45 in in ADP flr-226 72 46 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 72 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 73 1 in in ADP flr-226 73 2 the the DET flr-226 73 3 next next ADJ flr-226 73 4 section section NOUN flr-226 73 5 the the DET flr-226 73 6 rationale rationale NOUN flr-226 73 7 behind behind ADP flr-226 73 8 the the DET flr-226 73 9 development development NOUN flr-226 73 10 of of ADP flr-226 73 11 the the DET flr-226 73 12 visual visual ADJ flr-226 73 13 / / SYM flr-226 73 14 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 73 15 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 73 16 task task NOUN flr-226 73 17 is be AUX flr-226 73 18 described describe VERB flr-226 73 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 74 1 1.2 1.2 NUM flr-226 74 2 the the DET flr-226 74 3 visual visual ADJ flr-226 74 4 / / SYM flr-226 74 5 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 74 6 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 74 7 task task NOUN flr-226 74 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 74 9 vast vast ADJ flr-226 74 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 74 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 75 1 several several ADJ flr-226 75 2 tasks task NOUN flr-226 75 3 have have AUX flr-226 75 4 been be AUX flr-226 75 5 developed develop VERB flr-226 75 6 over over ADP flr-226 75 7 the the DET flr-226 75 8 years year NOUN flr-226 75 9 to to PART flr-226 75 10 test test VERB flr-226 75 11 students student NOUN flr-226 75 12 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 75 13 movement movement NOUN flr-226 75 14 from from ADP flr-226 75 15 the the DET flr-226 75 16 visual visual NOUN flr-226 75 17 to to ADP flr-226 75 18 the the DET flr-226 75 19 descriptive descriptive ADJ flr-226 75 20 / / SYM flr-226 75 21 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 75 22 van van PROPN flr-226 75 23 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 75 24 level level NOUN flr-226 75 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 75 26 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-226 75 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 75 28 burger burger NOUN flr-226 75 29 & & CCONJ flr-226 75 30 shaughnessy shaughnessy PROPN flr-226 75 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 75 32 1986 1986 NUM flr-226 75 33 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 75 34 gutiérrez gutiérrez PROPN flr-226 75 35 & & CCONJ flr-226 75 36 jaime jaime PROPN flr-226 75 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 75 38 1998 1998 NUM flr-226 75 39 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 75 40 lynn lynn PROPN flr-226 75 41 & & CCONJ flr-226 75 42 lynch lynch PROPN flr-226 75 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 75 44 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 75 45 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 75 46 usiskin usiskin X flr-226 75 47 , , PUNCT flr-226 75 48 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 75 49 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 75 50 . . PUNCT flr-226 76 1 the the DET flr-226 76 2 main main ADJ flr-226 76 3 limitation limitation NOUN flr-226 76 4 of of ADP flr-226 76 5 such such ADJ flr-226 76 6 tasks task NOUN flr-226 76 7 is be AUX flr-226 76 8 that that SCONJ flr-226 76 9 they they PRON flr-226 76 10 either either CCONJ flr-226 76 11 favour favour VERB flr-226 76 12 the the DET flr-226 76 13 recall recall NOUN flr-226 76 14 or or CCONJ flr-226 76 15 recognition recognition NOUN flr-226 76 16 of of ADP flr-226 76 17 definitions definition NOUN flr-226 76 18 of of ADP flr-226 76 19 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 76 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 76 21 their their PRON flr-226 76 22 properties property NOUN flr-226 76 23 over over ADP flr-226 76 24 their their PRON flr-226 76 25 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 76 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 76 27 their their PRON flr-226 76 28 application application NOUN flr-226 76 29 in in ADP flr-226 76 30 novel novel ADJ flr-226 76 31 situations situation NOUN flr-226 76 32 , , PUNCT flr-226 76 33 or or CCONJ flr-226 76 34 that that SCONJ flr-226 76 35 they they PRON flr-226 76 36 do do AUX flr-226 76 37 not not PART flr-226 76 38 require require VERB flr-226 76 39 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 76 40 based base VERB flr-226 76 41 on on ADP flr-226 76 42 more more ADV flr-226 76 43 sophisticated sophisticated ADJ flr-226 76 44 , , PUNCT flr-226 76 45 relational relational ADJ flr-226 76 46 properties property NOUN flr-226 76 47 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 76 48 battista battista PROPN flr-226 76 49 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 76 50 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 76 51 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 76 52 . . PUNCT flr-226 77 1 in in ADP flr-226 77 2 addition addition NOUN flr-226 77 3 to to ADP flr-226 77 4 the the DET flr-226 77 5 above above NOUN flr-226 77 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 77 7 there there PRON flr-226 77 8 are be VERB flr-226 77 9 several several ADJ flr-226 77 10 other other ADJ flr-226 77 11 standardized standardized ADJ flr-226 77 12 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 77 13 tests test NOUN flr-226 77 14 that that PRON flr-226 77 15 assess assess VERB flr-226 77 16 students student NOUN flr-226 77 17 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 77 18 level level NOUN flr-226 77 19 of of ADP flr-226 77 20 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 77 21 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 77 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 77 23 such such ADJ flr-226 77 24 as as ADP flr-226 77 25 the the DET flr-226 77 26 california california PROPN flr-226 77 27 standards standard NOUN flr-226 77 28 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 77 29 test test NOUN flr-226 77 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 77 31 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 77 32 , , PUNCT flr-226 77 33 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 77 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 77 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 78 1 these these DET flr-226 78 2 standardized standardized ADJ flr-226 78 3 tests test NOUN flr-226 78 4 examine examine VERB flr-226 78 5 mainly mainly ADV flr-226 78 6 the the DET flr-226 78 7 extent extent NOUN flr-226 78 8 to to PART flr-226 78 9 which which PRON flr-226 78 10 students student NOUN flr-226 78 11 can can AUX flr-226 78 12 perform perform VERB flr-226 78 13 school school NOUN flr-226 78 14 procedures procedure NOUN flr-226 78 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 78 16 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-226 78 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 78 18 to to PART flr-226 78 19 apply apply VERB flr-226 78 20 a a DET flr-226 78 21 known know VERB flr-226 78 22 formula formula NOUN flr-226 78 23 for for ADP flr-226 78 24 some some DET flr-226 78 25 computation computation NOUN flr-226 78 26 within within ADP flr-226 78 27 a a DET flr-226 78 28 narrow narrow ADJ flr-226 78 29 formal formal ADJ flr-226 78 30 context context NOUN flr-226 78 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 78 32 which which PRON flr-226 78 33 often often ADV flr-226 78 34 imposes impose VERB flr-226 78 35 a a DET flr-226 78 36 particular particular ADJ flr-226 78 37 solution solution NOUN flr-226 78 38 method method NOUN flr-226 78 39 . . PUNCT flr-226 79 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 79 2 it it PRON flr-226 79 3 remains remain VERB flr-226 79 4 unclear unclear ADJ flr-226 79 5 whether whether SCONJ flr-226 79 6 the the DET flr-226 79 7 students student NOUN flr-226 79 8 who who PRON flr-226 79 9 succeed succeed VERB flr-226 79 10 in in ADP flr-226 79 11 these these DET flr-226 79 12 tests test NOUN flr-226 79 13 would would AUX flr-226 79 14 present present VERB flr-226 79 15 the the DET flr-226 79 16 same same ADJ flr-226 79 17 level level NOUN flr-226 79 18 of of ADP flr-226 79 19 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 79 20 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 79 21 in in ADP flr-226 79 22 situations situation NOUN flr-226 79 23 where where SCONJ flr-226 79 24 the the DET flr-226 79 25 test test NOUN flr-226 79 26 format format NOUN flr-226 79 27 would would AUX flr-226 79 28 not not PART flr-226 79 29 be be AUX flr-226 79 30 similar similar ADJ flr-226 79 31 to to ADP flr-226 79 32 the the DET flr-226 79 33 way way NOUN flr-226 79 34 they they PRON flr-226 79 35 have have AUX flr-226 79 36 been be AUX flr-226 79 37 taught teach VERB flr-226 79 38 . . PUNCT flr-226 80 1 in in ADP flr-226 80 2 the the DET flr-226 80 3 present present ADJ flr-226 80 4 research research NOUN flr-226 80 5 a a DET flr-226 80 6 different different ADJ flr-226 80 7 method method NOUN flr-226 80 8 to to PART flr-226 80 9 measure measure VERB flr-226 80 10 visual visual ADJ flr-226 80 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 80 12 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 80 13 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 80 14 was be AUX flr-226 80 15 developed develop VERB flr-226 80 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 80 17 based base VERB flr-226 80 18 on on ADP flr-226 80 19 the the DET flr-226 80 20 following follow VERB flr-226 80 21 considerations consideration NOUN flr-226 80 22 : : PUNCT flr-226 80 23 first first ADV flr-226 80 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 80 25 we we PRON flr-226 80 26 avoided avoid VERB flr-226 80 27 setting set VERB flr-226 80 28 our our PRON flr-226 80 29 task task NOUN flr-226 80 30 in in ADP flr-226 80 31 the the DET flr-226 80 32 typical typical ADJ flr-226 80 33 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 80 34 textbook textbook NOUN flr-226 80 35 style style NOUN flr-226 80 36 that that PRON flr-226 80 37 could could AUX flr-226 80 38 suggest suggest VERB flr-226 80 39 deductive deductive ADJ flr-226 80 40 requirements requirement NOUN flr-226 80 41 and and CCONJ flr-226 80 42 delimit delimit VERB flr-226 80 43 visualization visualization NOUN flr-226 80 44 or or CCONJ flr-226 80 45 measuring measuring NOUN flr-226 80 46 . . PUNCT flr-226 81 1 second second ADV flr-226 81 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 81 3 we we PRON flr-226 81 4 did do AUX flr-226 81 5 not not PART flr-226 81 6 impose impose VERB flr-226 81 7 a a DET flr-226 81 8 particular particular ADJ flr-226 81 9 solution solution NOUN flr-226 81 10 method method NOUN flr-226 81 11 to to ADP flr-226 81 12 the the DET flr-226 81 13 solver solver ADJ flr-226 81 14 but but CCONJ flr-226 81 15 rather rather ADV flr-226 81 16 selected select VERB flr-226 81 17 problems problem NOUN flr-226 81 18 that that PRON flr-226 81 19 could could AUX flr-226 81 20 be be AUX flr-226 81 21 solved solve VERB flr-226 81 22 using use VERB flr-226 81 23 either either CCONJ flr-226 81 24 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 81 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 81 26 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 81 27 or or CCONJ flr-226 81 28 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 81 29 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 81 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 81 31 so so SCONJ flr-226 81 32 that that SCONJ flr-226 81 33 we we PRON flr-226 81 34 could could AUX flr-226 81 35 investigate investigate VERB flr-226 81 36 spontaneous spontaneous ADJ flr-226 81 37 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 81 38 choice choice NOUN flr-226 81 39 . . PUNCT flr-226 82 1 third third ADJ flr-226 82 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 82 3 we we PRON flr-226 82 4 wanted want VERB flr-226 82 5 to to PART flr-226 82 6 investigate investigate VERB flr-226 82 7 not not PART flr-226 82 8 only only ADV flr-226 82 9 whether whether SCONJ flr-226 82 10 students student NOUN flr-226 82 11 are be AUX flr-226 82 12 able able ADJ flr-226 82 13 to to PART flr-226 82 14 use use VERB flr-226 82 15 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 82 16 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 82 17 but but CCONJ flr-226 82 18 also also ADV flr-226 82 19 whether whether SCONJ flr-226 82 20 they they PRON flr-226 82 21 are be AUX flr-226 82 22 able able ADJ flr-226 82 23 to to PART flr-226 82 24 do do VERB flr-226 82 25 so so ADV flr-226 82 26 in in ADP flr-226 82 27 situations situation NOUN flr-226 82 28 that that PRON flr-226 82 29 require require VERB flr-226 82 30 them they PRON flr-226 82 31 to to PART flr-226 82 32 inhibit inhibit VERB flr-226 82 33 visual visual ADJ flr-226 82 34 - - PUNCT flr-226 82 35 perceptual perceptual NOUN flr-226 82 36 information information NOUN flr-226 82 37 processing processing NOUN flr-226 82 38 and and CCONJ flr-226 82 39 reason reason NOUN flr-226 82 40 instead instead ADV flr-226 82 41 along along ADP flr-226 82 42 formal formal ADJ flr-226 82 43 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 82 44 lines line NOUN flr-226 82 45 . . PUNCT flr-226 83 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 83 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 83 3 a a DET flr-226 83 4 task task NOUN flr-226 83 5 was be AUX flr-226 83 6 needed need VERB flr-226 83 7 in in ADP flr-226 83 8 which which PRON flr-226 83 9 the the DET flr-226 83 10 perceptual perceptual ADJ flr-226 83 11 difficulty difficulty NOUN flr-226 83 12 of of ADP flr-226 83 13 comparing compare VERB flr-226 83 14 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 83 15 would would AUX flr-226 83 16 be be AUX flr-226 83 17 intensive intensive ADJ flr-226 83 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 83 19 where where SCONJ flr-226 83 20 the the DET flr-226 83 21 use use NOUN flr-226 83 22 of of ADP flr-226 83 23 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 83 24 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 83 25 would would AUX flr-226 83 26 lead lead VERB flr-226 83 27 to to ADP flr-226 83 28 conclusions conclusion NOUN flr-226 83 29 sometimes sometimes ADV flr-226 83 30 conflicting conflict VERB flr-226 83 31 with with ADP flr-226 83 32 visual visual ADJ flr-226 83 33 - - PUNCT flr-226 83 34 perceptual perceptual NOUN flr-226 83 35 information information NOUN flr-226 83 36 . . PUNCT flr-226 84 1 the the DET flr-226 84 2 above above ADJ flr-226 84 3 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 84 4 considerations consideration NOUN flr-226 84 5 led lead VERB flr-226 84 6 to to ADP flr-226 84 7 the the DET flr-226 84 8 development development NOUN flr-226 84 9 of of ADP flr-226 84 10 the the DET flr-226 84 11 present present ADJ flr-226 84 12 visual visual ADJ flr-226 84 13 / / SYM flr-226 84 14 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 84 15 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 84 16 task task NOUN flr-226 84 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 84 18 vast vast ADJ flr-226 84 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 84 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 85 1 the the DET flr-226 85 2 vast vast ADJ flr-226 85 3 is be AUX flr-226 85 4 a a DET flr-226 85 5 verbal verbal ADJ flr-226 85 6 / / SYM flr-226 85 7 picture picture NOUN flr-226 85 8 verification verification NOUN flr-226 85 9 task task NOUN flr-226 85 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 86 1 the the DET flr-226 86 2 participants participant NOUN flr-226 86 3 are be AUX flr-226 86 4 presented present VERB flr-226 86 5 with with ADP flr-226 86 6 a a DET flr-226 86 7 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 86 8 configuration configuration NOUN flr-226 86 9 that that PRON flr-226 86 10 includes include VERB flr-226 86 11 two two NUM flr-226 86 12 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 86 13 and and CCONJ flr-226 86 14 are be AUX flr-226 86 15 asked ask VERB flr-226 86 16 to to PART flr-226 86 17 decide decide VERB flr-226 86 18 whether whether SCONJ flr-226 86 19 a a DET flr-226 86 20 verbal verbal ADJ flr-226 86 21 statement statement NOUN flr-226 86 22 that that PRON flr-226 86 23 states state VERB flr-226 86 24 that that SCONJ flr-226 86 25 these these DET flr-226 86 26 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 86 27 are be AUX flr-226 86 28 congruent congruent ADJ flr-226 86 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 86 30 congruence congruence NOUN flr-226 86 31 domain domain NOUN flr-226 86 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 86 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 86 34 similar similar ADJ flr-226 86 35 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 86 36 similarity similarity NOUN flr-226 86 37 domain domain NOUN flr-226 86 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 86 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 86 40 or or CCONJ flr-226 86 41 occupy occupy VERB flr-226 86 42 the the DET flr-226 86 43 same same ADJ flr-226 86 44 area area NOUN flr-226 86 45 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 86 46 area area NOUN flr-226 86 47 domain domain NOUN flr-226 86 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 86 49 , , PUNCT flr-226 86 50 is be AUX flr-226 86 51 true true ADJ flr-226 86 52 or or CCONJ flr-226 86 53 false false ADJ flr-226 86 54 . . PUNCT flr-226 87 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 87 2 shown show VERB flr-226 87 3 in in ADP flr-226 87 4 figure figure NOUN flr-226 87 5 2 2 NUM flr-226 87 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 87 7 there there PRON flr-226 87 8 are be VERB flr-226 87 9 four four NUM flr-226 87 10 types type NOUN flr-226 87 11 of of ADP flr-226 87 12 configuration configuration NOUN flr-226 87 13 conditions condition NOUN flr-226 87 14 in in ADP flr-226 87 15 each each DET flr-226 87 16 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 87 17 domain domain NOUN flr-226 87 18 : : PUNCT flr-226 87 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 87 20 a a X flr-226 87 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 87 22 the the DET flr-226 87 23 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 24 appearance+/reality+ appearance+/reality+ NOUN flr-226 87 25 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 26 condition condition NOUN flr-226 87 27 where where SCONJ flr-226 87 28 the the DET flr-226 87 29 two two NUM flr-226 87 30 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 87 31 both both PRON flr-226 87 32 appear appear VERB flr-226 87 33 to to PART flr-226 87 34 be be AUX flr-226 87 35 and and CCONJ flr-226 87 36 are be AUX flr-226 87 37 indeed indeed ADV flr-226 87 38 congruent congruent ADJ flr-226 87 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 87 40 similar similar ADJ flr-226 87 41 or or CCONJ flr-226 87 42 area area NOUN flr-226 87 43 equivalent equivalent ADJ flr-226 87 44 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 87 45 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 87 46 b b X flr-226 87 47 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 87 48 the the DET flr-226 87 49 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 50 appearance-/reality- appearance-/reality- NOUN flr-226 87 51 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 52 condition condition NOUN flr-226 87 53 where where SCONJ flr-226 87 54 the the DET flr-226 87 55 two two NUM flr-226 87 56 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 87 57 neither neither CCONJ flr-226 87 58 appear appear VERB flr-226 87 59 nor nor CCONJ flr-226 87 60 are be AUX flr-226 87 61 congruent congruent ADJ flr-226 87 62 , , PUNCT flr-226 87 63 similar similar ADJ flr-226 87 64 or or CCONJ flr-226 87 65 area area NOUN flr-226 87 66 equivalent equivalent ADJ flr-226 87 67 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 87 68 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 87 69 c c X flr-226 87 70 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 87 71 the the DET flr-226 87 72 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 73 appearance+/reality- appearance+/reality- NOUN flr-226 87 74 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 75 condition condition NOUN flr-226 87 76 where where SCONJ flr-226 87 77 the the DET flr-226 87 78 two two NUM flr-226 87 79 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 87 80 appear appear VERB flr-226 87 81 to to PART flr-226 87 82 be be AUX flr-226 87 83 but but CCONJ flr-226 87 84 are be AUX flr-226 87 85 not not PART flr-226 87 86 congruent congruent ADJ flr-226 87 87 , , PUNCT flr-226 87 88 similar similar ADJ flr-226 87 89 or or CCONJ flr-226 87 90 area area NOUN flr-226 87 91 equivalent equivalent ADJ flr-226 87 92 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 87 93 and and CCONJ flr-226 87 94 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 87 95 d d X flr-226 87 96 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 87 97 the the DET flr-226 87 98 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 99 appearance-/reality+ appearance-/reality+ NOUN flr-226 87 100 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 87 101 condition condition NOUN flr-226 87 102 where where SCONJ flr-226 87 103 the the DET flr-226 87 104 two two NUM flr-226 87 105 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 87 106 do do AUX flr-226 87 107 not not PART flr-226 87 108 appear appear VERB flr-226 87 109 to to PART flr-226 87 110 be be AUX flr-226 87 111 but but CCONJ flr-226 87 112 are be AUX flr-226 87 113 congruent congruent ADJ flr-226 87 114 , , PUNCT flr-226 87 115 similar similar ADJ flr-226 87 116 or or CCONJ flr-226 87 117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         SPACE flr-226 87 118 astronomy astronomy NOUN flr-226 87 119 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 87 120 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 87 121 , , PUNCT flr-226 87 122 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 87 123 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 87 124 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 87 125 & & CCONJ flr-226 87 126 brewer brewer NOUN flr-226 87 127 1994 1994 NUM flr-226 87 128 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 87 129 . . PUNCT flr-226 88 1 in in ADP flr-226 88 2 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 88 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 88 4 the the DET flr-226 88 5 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 88 6 figural figural ADJ flr-226 88 7 object object NOUN flr-226 88 8 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 88 9 described describe VERB flr-226 88 10 by by ADP flr-226 88 11 fischbein fischbein PROPN flr-226 88 12 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 88 13 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 88 14 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 88 15 to to PART flr-226 88 16 be be AUX flr-226 88 17 formed form VERB flr-226 88 18 from from ADP flr-226 88 19 the the DET flr-226 88 20 synthesis synthesis NOUN flr-226 88 21 of of ADP flr-226 88 22 the the DET flr-226 88 23 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 88 24 perceptual perceptual ADJ flr-226 88 25 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 88 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 88 27 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 88 28 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 88 29 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 88 30 objects object NOUN flr-226 88 31 described describe VERB flr-226 88 32 by by ADP flr-226 88 33 batista batista PROPN flr-226 88 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 88 35 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 88 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 88 37 is be AUX flr-226 88 38 such such DET flr-226 88 39 a a DET flr-226 88 40 hybrid hybrid NOUN flr-226 88 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 88 42 synthetic synthetic ADJ flr-226 88 43 conception conception NOUN flr-226 88 44 . . PUNCT flr-226 89 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 89 2     SPACE flr-226 89 3 et et PROPN flr-226 89 4     SPACE flr-226 89 5 al al PROPN flr-226 89 6                     SPACE flr-226 89 7 45 45 NUM flr-226 89 8     SPACE flr-226 89 9 area area NOUN flr-226 89 10 equivalent equivalent ADJ flr-226 89 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 90 1 on on ADP flr-226 90 2 the the DET flr-226 90 3 top top NOUN flr-226 90 4 of of ADP flr-226 90 5 each each DET flr-226 90 6 configuration configuration NOUN flr-226 90 7 there there PRON flr-226 90 8 is be VERB flr-226 90 9 a a DET flr-226 90 10 verbal verbal ADJ flr-226 90 11 statement statement NOUN flr-226 90 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 90 13 such such ADJ flr-226 90 14 as as ADP flr-226 90 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 90 16 for for ADP flr-226 90 17 instance instance NOUN flr-226 90 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 90 19 ‘ ' PUNCT flr-226 90 20 the the DET flr-226 90 21 lengths length NOUN flr-226 90 22 of of ADP flr-226 90 23 the the DET flr-226 90 24 routes route NOUN flr-226 90 25 are be AUX flr-226 90 26 the the DET flr-226 90 27 same same ADJ flr-226 90 28 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 90 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 90 30 see see VERB flr-226 90 31 figure figure NOUN flr-226 90 32 2 2 NUM flr-226 90 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 90 34 upper upper ADJ flr-226 90 35 row row NOUN flr-226 90 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 90 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 91 1 the the DET flr-226 91 2 participants participant NOUN flr-226 91 3 are be AUX flr-226 91 4 asked ask VERB flr-226 91 5 to to PART flr-226 91 6 decide decide VERB flr-226 91 7 whether whether SCONJ flr-226 91 8 this this DET flr-226 91 9 statement statement NOUN flr-226 91 10 is be AUX flr-226 91 11 true true ADJ flr-226 91 12 or or CCONJ flr-226 91 13 false false ADJ flr-226 91 14 with with ADP flr-226 91 15 respect respect NOUN flr-226 91 16 to to ADP flr-226 91 17 the the DET flr-226 91 18 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 91 19 configuration configuration NOUN flr-226 91 20 to to PART flr-226 91 21 which which PRON flr-226 91 22 it it PRON flr-226 91 23 refers refer VERB flr-226 91 24 . . PUNCT flr-226 92 1 in in ADP flr-226 92 2 all all DET flr-226 92 3 three three NUM flr-226 92 4 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 92 5 domains domain NOUN flr-226 92 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 92 7 the the DET flr-226 92 8 conditions condition NOUN flr-226 92 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 92 10 a a X flr-226 92 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 92 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 92 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 92 14 b b X flr-226 92 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 92 16 involve involve VERB flr-226 92 17 items item NOUN flr-226 92 18 purposely purposely ADV flr-226 92 19 designed design VERB flr-226 92 20 to to PART flr-226 92 21 be be AUX flr-226 92 22 solved solve VERB flr-226 92 23 by by ADP flr-226 92 24 visual visual ADJ flr-226 92 25 estimation estimation NOUN flr-226 92 26 alone alone ADJ flr-226 92 27 and and CCONJ flr-226 92 28 which which PRON flr-226 92 29 are be AUX flr-226 92 30 consistent consistent ADJ flr-226 92 31 with with ADP flr-226 92 32 the the DET flr-226 92 33 adoption adoption NOUN flr-226 92 34 of of ADP flr-226 92 35 either either CCONJ flr-226 92 36 a a DET flr-226 92 37 visual visual ADJ flr-226 92 38 or or CCONJ flr-226 92 39 an an DET flr-226 92 40 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 92 41 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 92 42 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 92 43 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 92 44 thereafter thereafter ADV flr-226 92 45 the the DET flr-226 92 46 vast vast ADJ flr-226 92 47 consistent consistent ADJ flr-226 92 48 subscale subscale NOUN flr-226 92 49 , , PUNCT flr-226 92 50 or or CCONJ flr-226 92 51 vast vast ADJ flr-226 92 52 - - PUNCT flr-226 92 53 cons con NOUN flr-226 92 54 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 92 55 . . PUNCT flr-226 93 1 the the DET flr-226 93 2 conditions condition NOUN flr-226 93 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 93 4 c c NOUN flr-226 93 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 93 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 93 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 93 8 d d X flr-226 93 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 93 10 are be AUX flr-226 93 11 inconsistent inconsistent ADJ flr-226 93 12 with with ADP flr-226 93 13 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 93 14 on on ADP flr-226 93 15 visual visual ADJ flr-226 93 16 estimation estimation NOUN flr-226 93 17 alone alone ADV flr-226 93 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 93 19 require require VERB flr-226 93 20 for for ADP flr-226 93 21 their their PRON flr-226 93 22 correct correct ADJ flr-226 93 23 solution solution NOUN flr-226 93 24 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 93 25 on on ADP flr-226 93 26 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 93 27 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 93 28 and and CCONJ flr-226 93 29 the the DET flr-226 93 30 adoption adoption NOUN flr-226 93 31 of of ADP flr-226 93 32 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 93 33 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 93 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 93 35 thereafter thereafter ADV flr-226 93 36 the the DET flr-226 93 37 vast vast ADJ flr-226 93 38 - - PUNCT flr-226 93 39 incons incon NOUN flr-226 93 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 93 41 . . PUNCT flr-226 94 1 the the DET flr-226 94 2 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 94 3 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 94 4 required require VERB flr-226 94 5 involves involve VERB flr-226 94 6 either either CCONJ flr-226 94 7 measurement measurement NOUN flr-226 94 8 and and CCONJ flr-226 94 9 empirical empirical ADJ flr-226 94 10 confirmation confirmation NOUN flr-226 94 11 or or CCONJ flr-226 94 12 euclidean euclidean ADJ flr-226 94 13 deductive deductive ADJ flr-226 94 14 argumentation argumentation NOUN flr-226 94 15 . . PUNCT flr-226 95 1 more more ADV flr-226 95 2 specifically specifically ADV flr-226 95 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 95 4 in in ADP flr-226 95 5 the the DET flr-226 95 6 case case NOUN flr-226 95 7 of of ADP flr-226 95 8 the the DET flr-226 95 9 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 95 10 configurations configuration NOUN flr-226 95 11 a1 a1 NOUN flr-226 95 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 95 13 a2 a2 PROPN flr-226 95 14 in in ADP flr-226 95 15 figure figure NOUN flr-226 95 16 2 2 NUM flr-226 95 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 95 18 the the DET flr-226 95 19 conclusions conclusion NOUN flr-226 95 20 that that PRON flr-226 95 21 the the DET flr-226 95 22 two two NUM flr-226 95 23 routes route NOUN flr-226 95 24 are be AUX flr-226 95 25 equal equal ADJ flr-226 95 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 95 27 in in ADP flr-226 95 28 a1 a1 NOUN flr-226 95 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 95 30 and and CCONJ flr-226 95 31 unequal unequal ADJ flr-226 95 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 95 33 in in ADP flr-226 95 34 a2 a2 PROPN flr-226 95 35 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 95 36 can can AUX flr-226 95 37 be be AUX flr-226 95 38 reliably reliably ADV flr-226 95 39 achieved achieve VERB flr-226 95 40 through through ADP flr-226 95 41 visualspatial visualspatial ADJ flr-226 95 42 inspection inspection NOUN flr-226 95 43 . . PUNCT flr-226 96 1 they they PRON flr-226 96 2 can can AUX flr-226 96 3 also also ADV flr-226 96 4 be be AUX flr-226 96 5 deduced deduce VERB flr-226 96 6 on on ADP flr-226 96 7 the the DET flr-226 96 8 basis basis NOUN flr-226 96 9 of of ADP flr-226 96 10 known know VERB flr-226 96 11 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 96 12 properties property NOUN flr-226 96 13 : : PUNCT flr-226 96 14 in in ADP flr-226 96 15 a1 a1 NOUN flr-226 96 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 96 17 the the DET flr-226 96 18 conclusion conclusion NOUN flr-226 96 19 of of ADP flr-226 96 20 equality equality NOUN flr-226 96 21 can can AUX flr-226 96 22 be be AUX flr-226 96 23 deduced deduce VERB flr-226 96 24 from from ADP flr-226 96 25 the the DET flr-226 96 26 congruence congruence NOUN flr-226 96 27 of of ADP flr-226 96 28 the the DET flr-226 96 29 corresponding corresponding ADJ flr-226 96 30 line line NOUN flr-226 96 31 segments segment NOUN flr-226 96 32 , , PUNCT flr-226 96 33 which which PRON flr-226 96 34 are be AUX flr-226 96 35 the the DET flr-226 96 36 opposite opposite ADJ flr-226 96 37 sides side NOUN flr-226 96 38 of of ADP flr-226 96 39 the the DET flr-226 96 40 formed form VERB flr-226 96 41 rectangles rectangle NOUN flr-226 96 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 97 1 in in ADP flr-226 97 2 a2 a2 PROPN flr-226 97 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 97 4 the the DET flr-226 97 5 conclusion conclusion NOUN flr-226 97 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 97 7 nick nick PROPN flr-226 97 8 ’s ’s PART flr-226 97 9 path path NOUN flr-226 97 10 is be AUX flr-226 97 11 shorter short ADJ flr-226 97 12 than than SCONJ flr-226 97 13 john john PROPN flr-226 97 14 ’s ’s PART flr-226 97 15 path path NOUN flr-226 97 16 can can AUX flr-226 97 17 be be AUX flr-226 97 18 deduced deduce VERB flr-226 97 19 from from ADP flr-226 97 20 the the DET flr-226 97 21 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 97 22 axiom axiom NOUN flr-226 97 23 of of ADP flr-226 97 24 triangle triangle NOUN flr-226 97 25 inequality inequality NOUN flr-226 97 26 – – PUNCT flr-226 97 27 that that SCONJ flr-226 97 28 the the DET flr-226 97 29 hypotenuse hypotenuse NOUN flr-226 97 30 is be AUX flr-226 97 31 always always ADV flr-226 97 32 shorter short ADJ flr-226 97 33 than than ADP flr-226 97 34 the the DET flr-226 97 35 sum sum NOUN flr-226 97 36 of of ADP flr-226 97 37 the the DET flr-226 97 38 right right ADJ flr-226 97 39 angled angle VERB flr-226 97 40 segments segment NOUN flr-226 97 41 . . PUNCT flr-226 98 1 in in ADP flr-226 98 2 the the DET flr-226 98 3 case case NOUN flr-226 98 4 of of ADP flr-226 98 5 the the DET flr-226 98 6 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 98 7 configuration configuration NOUN flr-226 98 8 a3 a3 NOUN flr-226 98 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 98 10 a4 a4 NOUN flr-226 98 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 98 12 however however ADV flr-226 98 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 98 14 the the DET flr-226 98 15 conclusions conclusion NOUN flr-226 98 16 can can AUX flr-226 98 17 not not PART flr-226 98 18 be be AUX flr-226 98 19 deduced deduce VERB flr-226 98 20 by by ADP flr-226 98 21 using use VERB flr-226 98 22 visual visual ADJ flr-226 98 23 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 98 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 98 25 but but CCONJ flr-226 98 26 only only ADV flr-226 98 27 through through ADP flr-226 98 28 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 98 29 on on ADP flr-226 98 30 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 98 31 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 98 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 99 1 in in ADP flr-226 99 2 a3 a3 NOUN flr-226 99 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 99 4 in in ADP flr-226 99 5 order order NOUN flr-226 99 6 to to PART flr-226 99 7 deduce deduce VERB flr-226 99 8 the the DET flr-226 99 9 inequality inequality NOUN flr-226 99 10 of of ADP flr-226 99 11 length length NOUN flr-226 99 12 line line NOUN flr-226 99 13 segments segment NOUN flr-226 99 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 99 15 one one PRON flr-226 99 16 has have VERB flr-226 99 17 to to PART flr-226 99 18 compute compute VERB flr-226 99 19 the the DET flr-226 99 20 hypotenuses hypotenuse NOUN flr-226 99 21 of of ADP flr-226 99 22 the the DET flr-226 99 23 formed form VERB flr-226 99 24 right right ADJ flr-226 99 25 triangles triangle NOUN flr-226 99 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 99 27 compare compare VERB flr-226 99 28 the the DET flr-226 99 29 oblique oblique ADJ flr-226 99 30 line line NOUN flr-226 99 31 segments segment NOUN flr-226 99 32 with with ADP flr-226 99 33 the the DET flr-226 99 34 vertical vertical ADJ flr-226 99 35 or or CCONJ flr-226 99 36 horizontal horizontal ADJ flr-226 99 37 ones one NOUN flr-226 99 38 . . PUNCT flr-226 100 1 in in ADP flr-226 100 2 a4 a4 NUM flr-226 100 3 by by ADP flr-226 100 4 drawing draw VERB flr-226 100 5 horizontal horizontal ADJ flr-226 100 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 100 7 vertical vertical ADJ flr-226 100 8 lines line NOUN flr-226 100 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 100 10 the the DET flr-226 100 11 segments segment NOUN flr-226 100 12 forming form VERB flr-226 100 13 the the DET flr-226 100 14 zigzag zigzag NOUN flr-226 100 15 “ " PUNCT flr-226 100 16 john john PROPN flr-226 100 17 ’s ’s PART flr-226 100 18 route route NOUN flr-226 100 19 ” " PUNCT flr-226 100 20 are be AUX flr-226 100 21 equal equal ADJ flr-226 100 22 to to ADP flr-226 100 23 the the DET flr-226 100 24 corresponding corresponding ADJ flr-226 100 25 segments segment NOUN flr-226 100 26 forming form VERB flr-226 100 27 the the DET flr-226 100 28 direct direct ADJ flr-226 100 29 “ " PUNCT flr-226 100 30 nick nick PROPN flr-226 100 31 ’s ’s PROPN flr-226 100 32 route route NOUN flr-226 100 33 ” " PUNCT flr-226 100 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 100 35 as as ADP flr-226 100 36 opposite opposite ADJ flr-226 100 37 sides side NOUN flr-226 100 38 of of ADP flr-226 100 39 rectangles rectangle NOUN flr-226 100 40 . . PUNCT flr-226 101 1 the the DET flr-226 101 2 above above ADJ flr-226 101 3 rationale rationale NOUN flr-226 101 4 applies apply VERB flr-226 101 5 to to ADP flr-226 101 6 all all DET flr-226 101 7 items item NOUN flr-226 101 8 of of ADP flr-226 101 9 the the DET flr-226 101 10 test test NOUN flr-226 101 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 102 1 figure figure NOUN flr-226 102 2 2 2 NUM flr-226 102 3 . . PUNCT flr-226 102 4 sample sample NOUN flr-226 102 5 items item NOUN flr-226 102 6 from from ADP flr-226 102 7 the the DET flr-226 102 8 visual visual ADJ flr-226 102 9 / / SYM flr-226 102 10 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 102 11 shift shift NOUN flr-226 102 12 test test NOUN flr-226 102 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 102 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 102 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 102 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 103 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 103 2     SPACE flr-226 103 3 et et PROPN flr-226 103 4     SPACE flr-226 103 5 al al PROPN flr-226 103 6                     SPACE flr-226 103 7 46 46 NUM flr-226 103 8     SPACE flr-226 103 9 1.3 1.3 NUM flr-226 103 10 questions question NOUN flr-226 103 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 103 12 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN flr-226 103 13 of of ADP flr-226 103 14 the the DET flr-226 103 15 present present ADJ flr-226 103 16 study study NOUN flr-226 103 17 our our PRON flr-226 103 18 purpose purpose NOUN flr-226 103 19 in in ADP flr-226 103 20 the the DET flr-226 103 21 present present ADJ flr-226 103 22 study study NOUN flr-226 103 23 was be AUX flr-226 103 24 to to PART flr-226 103 25 examine examine VERB flr-226 103 26 if if SCONJ flr-226 103 27 the the DET flr-226 103 28 vast vast NOUN flr-226 103 29 is be AUX flr-226 103 30 a a DET flr-226 103 31 reliable reliable ADJ flr-226 103 32 and and CCONJ flr-226 103 33 valid valid ADJ flr-226 103 34 test test NOUN flr-226 103 35 of of ADP flr-226 103 36 visual visual ADJ flr-226 103 37 and and CCONJ flr-226 103 38 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 103 39 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 103 40 in in ADP flr-226 103 41 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 103 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 104 1 with with ADP flr-226 104 2 respect respect NOUN flr-226 104 3 to to ADP flr-226 104 4 reliability reliability NOUN flr-226 104 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 104 6 we we PRON flr-226 104 7 wanted want VERB flr-226 104 8 to to PART flr-226 104 9 find find VERB flr-226 104 10 out out ADP flr-226 104 11 whether whether SCONJ flr-226 104 12 kuder kuder NOUN flr-226 104 13 - - PUNCT flr-226 104 14 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 104 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 104 16 k k NOUN flr-226 104 17 - - PUNCT flr-226 104 18 r r NOUN flr-226 104 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 104 20 reliability reliability NOUN flr-226 104 21 index index NOUN flr-226 104 22 was be AUX flr-226 104 23 acceptable acceptable ADJ flr-226 104 24 across across ADP flr-226 104 25 the the DET flr-226 104 26 different different ADJ flr-226 104 27 sub sub NOUN flr-226 104 28 - - NOUN flr-226 104 29 scales scale NOUN flr-226 104 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 104 31 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 104 32 1 1 NUM flr-226 104 33 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 104 34 . . PUNCT flr-226 105 1 with with ADP flr-226 105 2 respect respect NOUN flr-226 105 3 to to ADP flr-226 105 4 validity validity NOUN flr-226 105 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 105 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 105 7 in in ADP flr-226 105 8 view view NOUN flr-226 105 9 of of ADP flr-226 105 10 our our PRON flr-226 105 11 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 105 12 position position NOUN flr-226 105 13 that that SCONJ flr-226 105 14 the the DET flr-226 105 15 use use NOUN flr-226 105 16 of of ADP flr-226 105 17 visual visual ADJ flr-226 105 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 105 19 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 105 20 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 105 21 is be AUX flr-226 105 22 related relate VERB flr-226 105 23 to to ADP flr-226 105 24 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 105 25 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 105 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 105 27 we we PRON flr-226 105 28 wanted want VERB flr-226 105 29 to to PART flr-226 105 30 find find VERB flr-226 105 31 out out ADP flr-226 105 32 if if SCONJ flr-226 105 33 the the DET flr-226 105 34 vast vast NOUN flr-226 105 35 would would AUX flr-226 105 36 be be AUX flr-226 105 37 able able ADJ flr-226 105 38 to to PART flr-226 105 39 differentiate differentiate VERB flr-226 105 40 the the DET flr-226 105 41 performance performance NOUN flr-226 105 42 of of ADP flr-226 105 43 experts expert NOUN flr-226 105 44 in in ADP flr-226 105 45 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 105 46 from from ADP flr-226 105 47 that that PRON flr-226 105 48 of of ADP flr-226 105 49 novices novice NOUN flr-226 105 50 . . PUNCT flr-226 106 1 for for ADP flr-226 106 2 this this DET flr-226 106 3 reason reason NOUN flr-226 106 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 106 5 the the DET flr-226 106 6 vast vast ADJ flr-226 106 7 was be AUX flr-226 106 8 administered administer VERB flr-226 106 9 to to ADP flr-226 106 10 a a DET flr-226 106 11 group group NOUN flr-226 106 12 of of ADP flr-226 106 13 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 106 14 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 106 15 with with ADP flr-226 106 16 extensive extensive ADJ flr-226 106 17 experience experience NOUN flr-226 106 18 in in ADP flr-226 106 19 teaching teaching NOUN flr-226 106 20 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 106 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 106 22 to to ADP flr-226 106 23 a a DET flr-226 106 24 group group NOUN flr-226 106 25 of of ADP flr-226 106 26 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 106 27 grade grade NOUN flr-226 106 28 students student NOUN flr-226 106 29 who who PRON flr-226 106 30 had have AUX flr-226 106 31 been be AUX flr-226 106 32 exposed expose VERB flr-226 106 33 to to ADP flr-226 106 34 euclidean euclidean ADJ flr-226 106 35 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 106 36 teaching teaching NOUN flr-226 106 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 107 1 we we PRON flr-226 107 2 hypothesized hypothesize VERB flr-226 107 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 107 4 if if SCONJ flr-226 107 5 the the DET flr-226 107 6 vast vast NOUN flr-226 107 7 is be AUX flr-226 107 8 a a DET flr-226 107 9 good good ADJ flr-226 107 10 test test NOUN flr-226 107 11 of of ADP flr-226 107 12 the the DET flr-226 107 13 use use NOUN flr-226 107 14 of of ADP flr-226 107 15 visual visual ADJ flr-226 107 16 and and CCONJ flr-226 107 17 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 107 18 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 107 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 107 20 then then ADV flr-226 107 21 the the DET flr-226 107 22 mathematics mathematics NOUN flr-226 107 23 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 107 24 should should AUX flr-226 107 25 have have VERB flr-226 107 26 high high ADJ flr-226 107 27 scores score NOUN flr-226 107 28 both both CCONJ flr-226 107 29 in in ADP flr-226 107 30 the the DET flr-226 107 31 vast vast ADJ flr-226 107 32 - - PUNCT flr-226 107 33 cons con NOUN flr-226 107 34 and and CCONJ flr-226 107 35 in in ADP flr-226 107 36 the the DET flr-226 107 37 vast vast ADJ flr-226 107 38 - - PUNCT flr-226 107 39 incons incon NOUN flr-226 107 40 because because SCONJ flr-226 107 41 of of ADP flr-226 107 42 their their PRON flr-226 107 43 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 107 44 in in ADP flr-226 107 45 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 107 46 . . PUNCT flr-226 108 1 on on ADP flr-226 108 2 the the DET flr-226 108 3 contrary contrary NOUN flr-226 108 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 108 5 the the DET flr-226 108 6 students student NOUN flr-226 108 7 would would AUX flr-226 108 8 obtain obtain VERB flr-226 108 9 high high ADJ flr-226 108 10 scores score NOUN flr-226 108 11 only only ADV flr-226 108 12 in in ADP flr-226 108 13 the the DET flr-226 108 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 108 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 108 16 cons con NOUN flr-226 108 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 108 18 which which PRON flr-226 108 19 can can AUX flr-226 108 20 be be AUX flr-226 108 21 solved solve VERB flr-226 108 22 with with ADP flr-226 108 23 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 108 24 - - PUNCT flr-226 108 25 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 108 26 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 108 27 and and CCONJ flr-226 108 28 not not PART flr-226 108 29 in in ADP flr-226 108 30 the the DET flr-226 108 31 vast vast ADJ flr-226 108 32 - - PUNCT flr-226 108 33 incons incon NOUN flr-226 108 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 108 35 which which PRON flr-226 108 36 requires require VERB flr-226 108 37 reliance reliance NOUN flr-226 108 38 on on ADP flr-226 108 39 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 108 40 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 108 41 based base VERB flr-226 108 42 on on ADP flr-226 108 43 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 108 44 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 108 45 and and CCONJ flr-226 108 46 the the DET flr-226 108 47 inhibition inhibition NOUN flr-226 108 48 of of ADP flr-226 108 49 visual visual ADJ flr-226 108 50 estimation estimation NOUN flr-226 108 51 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 108 52 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 108 53 2 2 NUM flr-226 108 54 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 108 55 . . PUNCT flr-226 109 1 the the DET flr-226 109 2 above above ADJ flr-226 109 3 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN flr-226 109 4 are be AUX flr-226 109 5 different different ADJ flr-226 109 6 from from ADP flr-226 109 7 what what PRON flr-226 109 8 would would AUX flr-226 109 9 be be AUX flr-226 109 10 expected expect VERB flr-226 109 11 assuming assume VERB flr-226 109 12 that that SCONJ flr-226 109 13 performance performance NOUN flr-226 109 14 in in ADP flr-226 109 15 the the DET flr-226 109 16 vast vast NOUN flr-226 109 17 is be AUX flr-226 109 18 related relate VERB flr-226 109 19 only only ADV flr-226 109 20 to to ADP flr-226 109 21 individual individual ADJ flr-226 109 22 differences difference NOUN flr-226 109 23 in in ADP flr-226 109 24 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 109 25 use use NOUN flr-226 109 26 as as SCONJ flr-226 109 27 opposed oppose VERB flr-226 109 28 to to ADP flr-226 109 29 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 109 30 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 109 31 . . PUNCT flr-226 110 1 individual individual ADJ flr-226 110 2 differences difference NOUN flr-226 110 3 in in ADP flr-226 110 4 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 110 5 use use NOUN flr-226 110 6 would would AUX flr-226 110 7 not not PART flr-226 110 8 predict predict VERB flr-226 110 9 systematic systematic ADJ flr-226 110 10 differences difference NOUN flr-226 110 11 in in ADP flr-226 110 12 the the DET flr-226 110 13 performance performance NOUN flr-226 110 14 of of ADP flr-226 110 15 the the DET flr-226 110 16 high high ADJ flr-226 110 17 school school NOUN flr-226 110 18 students student NOUN flr-226 110 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 111 1 rather rather ADV flr-226 111 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 111 3 some some DET flr-226 111 4 participants participant NOUN flr-226 111 5 should should AUX flr-226 111 6 do do VERB flr-226 111 7 better well ADV flr-226 111 8 in in ADP flr-226 111 9 the the DET flr-226 111 10 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 111 11 - - PUNCT flr-226 111 12 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 111 13 items item NOUN flr-226 111 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 111 15 some some DET flr-226 111 16 others other NOUN flr-226 111 17 in in ADP flr-226 111 18 the the DET flr-226 111 19 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 111 20 items item NOUN flr-226 111 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 111 22 regardless regardless ADV flr-226 111 23 of of ADP flr-226 111 24 their their PRON flr-226 111 25 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 111 26 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 111 27 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 111 28 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 111 29 3 3 NUM flr-226 111 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 111 31 . . PUNCT flr-226 112 1 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 112 2 4 4 NUM flr-226 112 3 concerned concern VERB flr-226 112 4 the the DET flr-226 112 5 relation relation NOUN flr-226 112 6 between between ADP flr-226 112 7 the the DET flr-226 112 8 vast vast ADJ flr-226 112 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 112 10 incons incon NOUN flr-226 112 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 112 12 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 112 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 112 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 112 15 as as SCONJ flr-226 112 16 measured measure VERB flr-226 112 17 by by ADP flr-226 112 18 school school NOUN flr-226 112 19 grades grade NOUN flr-226 112 20 in in ADP flr-226 112 21 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 112 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 112 23 gg gg NOUN flr-226 112 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 112 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 112 26 performance performance NOUN flr-226 112 27 in in ADP flr-226 112 28 a a DET flr-226 112 29 standardized standardized ADJ flr-226 112 30 test test NOUN flr-226 112 31 of of ADP flr-226 112 32 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 112 33 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 112 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 112 35 the the DET flr-226 112 36 california california PROPN flr-226 112 37 standards standard NOUN flr-226 112 38 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 112 39 test test NOUN flr-226 112 40 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 112 41 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 112 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 113 1 high high ADJ flr-226 113 2 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 113 3 were be AUX flr-226 113 4 predicted predict VERB flr-226 113 5 between between ADP flr-226 113 6 performance performance NOUN flr-226 113 7 in in ADP flr-226 113 8 the the DET flr-226 113 9 vast vast ADJ flr-226 113 10 - - PUNCT flr-226 113 11 incons incon NOUN flr-226 113 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 113 13 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 113 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 113 15 gg gg PROPN flr-226 113 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 113 17 because because SCONJ flr-226 113 18 they they PRON flr-226 113 19 are be AUX flr-226 113 20 all all PRON flr-226 113 21 alternative alternative ADJ flr-226 113 22 measures measure NOUN flr-226 113 23 of of ADP flr-226 113 24 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 113 25 problem problem NOUN flr-226 113 26 solving solve VERB flr-226 113 27 and and CCONJ flr-226 113 28 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 113 29 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 113 30 . . PUNCT flr-226 114 1 finally finally ADV flr-226 114 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 114 3 we we PRON flr-226 114 4 investigated investigate VERB flr-226 114 5 the the DET flr-226 114 6 relation relation NOUN flr-226 114 7 between between ADP flr-226 114 8 vast vast ADJ flr-226 114 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 114 10 icons icon NOUN flr-226 114 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 114 12 two two NUM flr-226 114 13 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 114 14 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 114 15 that that PRON flr-226 114 16 comprise comprise VERB flr-226 114 17 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 114 18 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 114 19 : : PUNCT flr-226 114 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 114 21 i i NOUN flr-226 114 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 114 23 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 114 24 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 114 25 ability ability NOUN flr-226 114 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 114 27 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 114 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 114 29 the the DET flr-226 114 30 ability ability NOUN flr-226 114 31 to to PART flr-226 114 32 identify identify VERB flr-226 114 33 patterns pattern NOUN flr-226 114 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 114 35 analogical analogical ADJ flr-226 114 36 relationships relationship NOUN flr-226 114 37 and and CCONJ flr-226 114 38 logical logical ADJ flr-226 114 39 rules rule NOUN flr-226 114 40 , , PUNCT flr-226 114 41 and and CCONJ flr-226 114 42 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 114 43 ii ii NOUN flr-226 114 44 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 114 45 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 114 46 - - PUNCT flr-226 114 47 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 114 48 ability ability NOUN flr-226 114 49 – – PUNCT flr-226 114 50 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 114 51 , , PUNCT flr-226 114 52 the the DET flr-226 114 53 ability ability NOUN flr-226 114 54 to to PART flr-226 114 55 mentally mentally ADV flr-226 114 56 visualize visualize VERB flr-226 114 57 the the DET flr-226 114 58 rotation rotation NOUN flr-226 114 59 of of ADP flr-226 114 60 objects object NOUN flr-226 114 61 . . PUNCT flr-226 115 1 in in ADP flr-226 115 2 view view NOUN flr-226 115 3 of of ADP flr-226 115 4 the the DET flr-226 115 5 well well ADV flr-226 115 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 115 7 documented document VERB flr-226 115 8 findings finding NOUN flr-226 115 9 in in ADP flr-226 115 10 the the DET flr-226 115 11 literature literature NOUN flr-226 115 12 that that SCONJ flr-226 115 13 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 115 14 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 115 15 is be AUX flr-226 115 16 strongly strongly ADV flr-226 115 17 related relate VERB flr-226 115 18 with with ADP flr-226 115 19 students student NOUN flr-226 115 20 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 115 21 performance performance NOUN flr-226 115 22 in in ADP flr-226 115 23 stem stem NOUN flr-226 115 24 subjects subject NOUN flr-226 115 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 115 26 we we PRON flr-226 115 27 hypothesized hypothesize VERB flr-226 115 28 that that DET flr-226 115 29 performance performance NOUN flr-226 115 30 in in ADP flr-226 115 31 the the DET flr-226 115 32 vast vast ADJ flr-226 115 33 - - PUNCT flr-226 115 34 incons incon NOUN flr-226 115 35 should should AUX flr-226 115 36 correlate correlate VERB flr-226 115 37 positively positively ADV flr-226 115 38 with with ADP flr-226 115 39 performance performance NOUN flr-226 115 40 in in ADP flr-226 115 41 the the DET flr-226 115 42 these these DET flr-226 115 43 two two NUM flr-226 115 44 tests test NOUN flr-226 115 45 of of ADP flr-226 115 46 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 115 47 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 115 48 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 115 49 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 115 50 5 5 NUM flr-226 115 51 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 115 52 . . PUNCT flr-226 116 1 however however ADV flr-226 116 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 116 3 in in ADP flr-226 116 4 accordance accordance NOUN flr-226 116 5 with with ADP flr-226 116 6 our our PRON flr-226 116 7 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 116 8 position position NOUN flr-226 116 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 116 10 namely namely ADV flr-226 116 11 that that SCONJ flr-226 116 12 it it PRON flr-226 116 13 is be AUX flr-226 116 14 the the DET flr-226 116 15 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 116 16 of of ADP flr-226 116 17 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 116 18 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 116 19 that that PRON flr-226 116 20 leads lead VERB flr-226 116 21 to to ADP flr-226 116 22 the the DET flr-226 116 23 use use NOUN flr-226 116 24 of of ADP flr-226 116 25 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 116 26 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 116 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 116 28 we we PRON flr-226 116 29 expected expect VERB flr-226 116 30 that that PRON flr-226 116 31 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 116 32 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 116 33 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 116 34 as as SCONJ flr-226 116 35 measured measure VERB flr-226 116 36 by by ADP flr-226 116 37 the the DET flr-226 116 38 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 116 39 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 116 40 would would AUX flr-226 116 41 significantly significantly ADV flr-226 116 42 contribute contribute VERB flr-226 116 43 to to ADP flr-226 116 44 vast vast ADJ flr-226 116 45 - - PUNCT flr-226 116 46 incons incon NOUN flr-226 116 47 performance performance NOUN flr-226 116 48 , , PUNCT flr-226 116 49 reducing reduce VERB flr-226 116 50 the the DET flr-226 116 51 influence influence NOUN flr-226 116 52 of of ADP flr-226 116 53 the the DET flr-226 116 54 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 116 55 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 116 56 factor factor NOUN flr-226 116 57 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 116 58 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 116 59 6 6 NUM flr-226 116 60 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 116 61 . . PUNCT flr-226 117 1 2 2 X flr-226 117 2 . . X flr-226 117 3 method method VERB flr-226 117 4 2.1 2.1 NUM flr-226 117 5 participants participant NOUN flr-226 117 6 the the DET flr-226 117 7 participants participant NOUN flr-226 117 8 included include VERB flr-226 117 9 30 30 NUM flr-226 117 10 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 117 11 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 117 12 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 117 13 age age NOUN flr-226 117 14 range range VERB flr-226 117 15 30 30 NUM flr-226 117 16 - - SYM flr-226 117 17 55 55 NUM flr-226 117 18 years year NOUN flr-226 117 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 117 20 18 18 NUM flr-226 117 21 men man NOUN flr-226 117 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 117 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 117 24 134 134 NUM flr-226 117 25 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 117 26 grade grade NOUN flr-226 117 27 students student NOUN flr-226 117 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 117 29 age age NOUN flr-226 117 30 range range VERB flr-226 117 31 16.4 16.4 NUM flr-226 117 32 - - SYM flr-226 117 33 17.5 17.5 NUM flr-226 117 34 years year NOUN flr-226 117 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 117 36 71 71 NUM flr-226 117 37 boys boy NOUN flr-226 117 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 117 39 . . PUNCT flr-226 118 1 the the DET flr-226 118 2 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 118 3 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 118 4 had have VERB flr-226 118 5 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 118 6 experience experience NOUN flr-226 118 7 kospentaris kospentaris NOUN flr-226 118 8     SPACE flr-226 118 9 et et PROPN flr-226 118 10     SPACE flr-226 118 11 al al PROPN flr-226 118 12                     SPACE flr-226 118 13 47 47 NUM flr-226 118 14     SPACE flr-226 118 15 teaching teach VERB flr-226 118 16 high high ADJ flr-226 118 17 school school NOUN flr-226 118 18 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 118 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 119 1 the the DET flr-226 119 2 students student NOUN flr-226 119 3 were be AUX flr-226 119 4 of of ADP flr-226 119 5 middle middle ADJ flr-226 119 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 119 7 class class NOUN flr-226 119 8 backgrounds background NOUN flr-226 119 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 119 10 came come VERB flr-226 119 11 from from ADP flr-226 119 12 two two NUM flr-226 119 13 different different ADJ flr-226 119 14 schools school NOUN flr-226 119 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 119 16 had have VERB flr-226 119 17 four four NUM flr-226 119 18 different different ADJ flr-226 119 19 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 119 20 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 119 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 119 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 119 23 were be AUX flr-226 119 24 towards towards ADP flr-226 119 25 the the DET flr-226 119 26 end end NOUN flr-226 119 27 of of ADP flr-226 119 28 a a DET flr-226 119 29 five five NUM flr-226 119 30 - - PUNCT flr-226 119 31 year year NOUN flr-226 119 32 course course NOUN flr-226 119 33 in in ADP flr-226 119 34 geometry4 geometry4 NOUN flr-226 119 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 120 1 2.2 2.2 NUM flr-226 120 2 materials material NOUN flr-226 120 3 the the DET flr-226 120 4 visual visual ADJ flr-226 120 5 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 120 6 shift shift NOUN flr-226 120 7 test test NOUN flr-226 120 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 120 9 vast vast ADJ flr-226 120 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 120 11 consisted consist VERB flr-226 120 12 of of ADP flr-226 120 13 four four NUM flr-226 120 14 items item NOUN flr-226 120 15 for for ADP flr-226 120 16 each each DET flr-226 120 17 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 120 18 domain domain NOUN flr-226 120 19 counterbalanced counterbalance VERB flr-226 120 20 across across ADP flr-226 120 21 the the DET flr-226 120 22 four four NUM flr-226 120 23 conditions condition NOUN flr-226 120 24 described describe VERB flr-226 120 25 earlier early ADV flr-226 120 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 121 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 121 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 121 3 there there PRON flr-226 121 4 were be VERB flr-226 121 5 a a DET flr-226 121 6 total total NOUN flr-226 121 7 of of ADP flr-226 121 8 48 48 NUM flr-226 121 9 items item NOUN flr-226 121 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 121 11 4 4 NUM flr-226 121 12 items item NOUN flr-226 121 13 for for ADP flr-226 121 14 each each DET flr-226 121 15 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 121 16 domain domain NOUN flr-226 121 17 × × NOUN flr-226 121 18 3 3 NUM flr-226 121 19 domains domain NOUN flr-226 121 20 × × NOUN flr-226 121 21 4 4 NUM flr-226 121 22 conditions condition NOUN flr-226 121 23 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 121 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 121 25 randomly randomly ADV flr-226 121 26 ordered order VERB flr-226 121 27 . . PUNCT flr-226 122 1 the the DET flr-226 122 2 california california PROPN flr-226 122 3 standards standards PROPN flr-226 122 4 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 122 5 test test NOUN flr-226 122 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 122 7 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 122 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 122 9 consisted consist VERB flr-226 122 10 of of ADP flr-226 122 11 15 15 NUM flr-226 122 12 items item NOUN flr-226 122 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 122 14 5 5 NUM flr-226 122 15 for for ADP flr-226 122 16 each each DET flr-226 122 17 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 122 18 domain domain NOUN flr-226 122 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 122 20 selected select VERB flr-226 122 21 from from ADP flr-226 122 22 the the DET flr-226 122 23 overall overall ADJ flr-226 122 24 96 96 NUM flr-226 122 25 items item NOUN flr-226 122 26 of of ADP flr-226 122 27 the the DET flr-226 122 28 california california PROPN flr-226 122 29 standards standards PROPN flr-226 122 30 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 122 31 test test NOUN flr-226 122 32 sample sample NOUN flr-226 122 33 released release VERB flr-226 122 34 in in ADP flr-226 122 35 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 122 36 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 122 37 http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/documents/cstrtqgeomapr15.pdf http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/documents/cstrtqgeomapr15.pdf PROPN flr-226 122 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 122 39 . . PUNCT flr-226 123 1 the the DET flr-226 123 2 selection selection NOUN flr-226 123 3 was be AUX flr-226 123 4 made make VERB flr-226 123 5 on on ADP flr-226 123 6 the the DET flr-226 123 7 basis basis NOUN flr-226 123 8 of of ADP flr-226 123 9 the the DET flr-226 123 10 relevance relevance NOUN flr-226 123 11 of of ADP flr-226 123 12 each each DET flr-226 123 13 item item NOUN flr-226 123 14 to to ADP flr-226 123 15 the the DET flr-226 123 16 national national ADJ flr-226 123 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 123 18 curriculum curriculum NOUN flr-226 123 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 124 1 the the DET flr-226 124 2 purdue purdue ADJ flr-226 124 3 visualization visualization NOUN flr-226 124 4 of of ADP flr-226 124 5 rotations rotation NOUN flr-226 124 6 test test NOUN flr-226 124 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 124 8 rot rot VERB flr-226 124 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 124 10 is be AUX flr-226 124 11 a a DET flr-226 124 12 test test NOUN flr-226 124 13 that that PRON flr-226 124 14 determines determine VERB flr-226 124 15 how how SCONJ flr-226 124 16 well well ADV flr-226 124 17 one one NOUN flr-226 124 18 can can AUX flr-226 124 19 visualize visualize VERB flr-226 124 20 the the DET flr-226 124 21 rotation rotation NOUN flr-226 124 22 of of ADP flr-226 124 23 threedimensional threedimensional ADJ flr-226 124 24 objects object NOUN flr-226 124 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 125 1 it it PRON flr-226 125 2 is be AUX flr-226 125 3 among among ADP flr-226 125 4 the the DET flr-226 125 5 tests test NOUN flr-226 125 6 of of ADP flr-226 125 7 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 125 8 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 125 9 less less ADV flr-226 125 10 likely likely ADJ flr-226 125 11 to to PART flr-226 125 12 be be AUX flr-226 125 13 contaminated contaminate VERB flr-226 125 14 by by ADP flr-226 125 15 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 125 16 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 125 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 126 1 to to PART flr-226 126 2 restrict restrict VERB flr-226 126 3 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 126 4 processing processing NOUN flr-226 126 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 126 6 a a DET flr-226 126 7 time time NOUN flr-226 126 8 limit limit NOUN flr-226 126 9 of of ADP flr-226 126 10 10 10 NUM flr-226 126 11 minutes minute NOUN flr-226 126 12 for for ADP flr-226 126 13 the the DET flr-226 126 14 20item 20item ADJ flr-226 126 15 version version NOUN flr-226 126 16 of of ADP flr-226 126 17 this this DET flr-226 126 18 test test NOUN flr-226 126 19 was be AUX flr-226 126 20 strictly strictly ADV flr-226 126 21 enforced enforce VERB flr-226 126 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 126 23 bodner bodner NOUN flr-226 126 24 & & CCONJ flr-226 126 25 guay guay NOUN flr-226 126 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 126 27 1997 1997 NUM flr-226 126 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 126 29 . . PUNCT flr-226 127 1 the the DET flr-226 127 2 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 127 3 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 127 4 test test NOUN flr-226 127 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 127 6 art art NOUN flr-226 127 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 127 8 is be AUX flr-226 127 9 one one NUM flr-226 127 10 of of ADP flr-226 127 11 the the DET flr-226 127 12 tests test NOUN flr-226 127 13 of of ADP flr-226 127 14 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 127 15 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 127 16 used use VERB flr-226 127 17 by by ADP flr-226 127 18 wai wai PROPN flr-226 127 19 et et PROPN flr-226 127 20 al al PROPN flr-226 127 21 . . PROPN flr-226 127 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 127 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 127 24 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 127 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 127 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 128 1 it it PRON flr-226 128 2 is be AUX flr-226 128 3 a a DET flr-226 128 4 non non ADJ flr-226 128 5 - - ADJ flr-226 128 6 verbal verbal ADJ flr-226 128 7 measure measure NOUN flr-226 128 8 of of ADP flr-226 128 9 fluid fluid ADJ flr-226 128 10 intelligence intelligence NOUN flr-226 128 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 128 12 consisting consist VERB flr-226 128 13 of of ADP flr-226 128 14 15 15 NUM flr-226 128 15 items item NOUN flr-226 128 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 129 1 school school NOUN flr-226 129 2 grades grade NOUN flr-226 129 3 in in ADP flr-226 129 4 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 129 5 were be AUX flr-226 129 6 collected collect VERB flr-226 129 7 for for ADP flr-226 129 8 all all DET flr-226 129 9 students student NOUN flr-226 129 10 participating participate VERB flr-226 129 11 in in ADP flr-226 129 12 the the DET flr-226 129 13 study study NOUN flr-226 129 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 130 1 2.3 2.3 NUM flr-226 130 2 procedure procedure NOUN flr-226 130 3 the the DET flr-226 130 4 vast vast ADJ flr-226 130 5 was be AUX flr-226 130 6 administered administer VERB flr-226 130 7 to to ADP flr-226 130 8 the the DET flr-226 130 9 mathematics mathematics NOUN flr-226 130 10 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 130 11 individually individually ADV flr-226 130 12 in in ADP flr-226 130 13 their their PRON flr-226 130 14 school school NOUN flr-226 130 15 office office NOUN flr-226 130 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 131 1 the the DET flr-226 131 2 vast vast ADJ flr-226 131 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 131 4 the the DET flr-226 131 5 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 131 6 were be AUX flr-226 131 7 administered administer VERB flr-226 131 8 to to ADP flr-226 131 9 the the DET flr-226 131 10 students student NOUN flr-226 131 11 as as ADP flr-226 131 12 a a DET flr-226 131 13 group group NOUN flr-226 131 14 test test NOUN flr-226 131 15 during during ADP flr-226 131 16 a a DET flr-226 131 17 45 45 NUM flr-226 131 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 131 19 minute minute NOUN flr-226 131 20 class class NOUN flr-226 131 21 session session NOUN flr-226 131 22 . . PUNCT flr-226 132 1 their their PRON flr-226 132 2 order order NOUN flr-226 132 3 of of ADP flr-226 132 4 presentation presentation NOUN flr-226 132 5 was be AUX flr-226 132 6 counterbalanced counterbalance VERB flr-226 132 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 133 1 the the DET flr-226 133 2 students student NOUN flr-226 133 3 were be AUX flr-226 133 4 instructed instruct VERB flr-226 133 5 to to PART flr-226 133 6 answer answer VERB flr-226 133 7 the the DET flr-226 133 8 vast vast ADJ flr-226 133 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 133 10 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 133 11 items item NOUN flr-226 133 12 using use VERB flr-226 133 13 whatever whatever DET flr-226 133 14 method method NOUN flr-226 133 15 they they PRON flr-226 133 16 found find VERB flr-226 133 17 suitable suitable ADJ flr-226 133 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 134 1 formulas formula NOUN flr-226 134 2 were be AUX flr-226 134 3 provided provide VERB flr-226 134 4 to to ADP flr-226 134 5 students student NOUN flr-226 134 6 individually individually ADV flr-226 134 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 134 8 if if SCONJ flr-226 134 9 they they PRON flr-226 134 10 asked ask VERB flr-226 134 11 for for ADP flr-226 134 12 them they PRON flr-226 134 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 135 1 the the DET flr-226 135 2 rot rot NOUN flr-226 135 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 135 4 art art NOUN flr-226 135 5 were be AUX flr-226 135 6 administered administer VERB flr-226 135 7 to to ADP flr-226 135 8 small small ADJ flr-226 135 9 groups group NOUN flr-226 135 10 of of ADP flr-226 135 11 students student NOUN flr-226 135 12 in in ADP flr-226 135 13 the the DET flr-226 135 14 school school NOUN flr-226 135 15 computer computer NOUN flr-226 135 16 lab lab NOUN flr-226 135 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 136 1 completion completion NOUN flr-226 136 2 of of ADP flr-226 136 3 the the DET flr-226 136 4 electronic electronic ADJ flr-226 136 5 tests test NOUN flr-226 136 6 required require VERB flr-226 136 7 approximately approximately ADV flr-226 136 8 30 30 NUM flr-226 136 9 minutes minute NOUN flr-226 136 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 137 1 3 3 X flr-226 137 2 . . NOUN flr-226 137 3 results result VERB flr-226 137 4 3.1 3.1 NUM flr-226 137 5 reliability reliability NOUN flr-226 137 6 indices index NOUN flr-226 137 7 since since SCONJ flr-226 137 8 all all DET flr-226 137 9 measures measure NOUN flr-226 137 10 were be AUX flr-226 137 11 binominal binominal ADJ flr-226 137 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 137 13 the the DET flr-226 137 14 kuder kuder NOUN flr-226 137 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 137 16 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 137 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 137 18 k k NOUN flr-226 137 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 137 20 r r NOUN flr-226 137 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 137 22 reliability reliability NOUN flr-226 137 23 test test NOUN flr-226 137 24 was be AUX flr-226 137 25 applied apply VERB flr-226 137 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 138 1 the the DET flr-226 138 2 results result NOUN flr-226 138 3 showed show VERB flr-226 138 4 that that SCONJ flr-226 138 5 the the DET flr-226 138 6 reliability reliability NOUN flr-226 138 7 of of ADP flr-226 138 8 the the DET flr-226 138 9 two two NUM flr-226 138 10 subscales subscale NOUN flr-226 138 11 was be AUX flr-226 138 12 acceptable acceptable ADJ flr-226 138 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 138 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 138 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 138 16 cons con NOUN flr-226 138 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 138 18 kuder kuder PROPN flr-226 138 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 138 20 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 138 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 138 22 kr kr PROPN flr-226 138 23 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 138 24 = = SYM flr-226 138 25 .70 .70 NUM flr-226 138 26 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 138 27 vast vast ADJ flr-226 138 28 - - PUNCT flr-226 138 29 incons incon NOUN flr-226 138 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 138 31 kuder kuder NOUN flr-226 138 32 - - PUNCT flr-226 138 33 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 138 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 138 35 k k NOUN flr-226 138 36 - - PUNCT flr-226 138 37 r r NOUN flr-226 138 38 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 138 39 = = SYM flr-226 138 40 .75 .75 NUM flr-226 138 41 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 138 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 139 1 reliability reliability NOUN flr-226 139 2 of of ADP flr-226 139 3 the the DET flr-226 139 4 rest rest NOUN flr-226 139 5 scales scale NOUN flr-226 139 6 are be AUX flr-226 139 7 as as SCONJ flr-226 139 8 follows follow VERB flr-226 139 9 : : PUNCT flr-226 139 10 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 139 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 139 12 kuder kuder NOUN flr-226 139 13 - - PUNCT flr-226 139 14 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 139 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 139 16 k k NOUN flr-226 139 17 - - NOUN flr-226 139 18 r)= r)= NOUN flr-226 139 19 .76 .76 NUM flr-226 139 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 21 range range NOUN flr-226 139 22 of of ADP flr-226 139 23 mean mean ADJ flr-226 139 24 percentage percentage NOUN flr-226 139 25 performance performance NOUN flr-226 139 26 : : PUNCT flr-226 139 27 13.33 13.33 NUM flr-226 139 28 - - SYM flr-226 139 29 100.00 100.00 NUM flr-226 139 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 31 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 139 32 63.82 63.82 NUM flr-226 139 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 34 std= std= PROPN flr-226 139 35 22.35 22.35 NUM flr-226 139 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 139 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 38 rot rot VERB flr-226 139 39 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 139 40 kuder kuder NOUN flr-226 139 41 - - PUNCT flr-226 139 42 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 139 43 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 139 44 k k NOUN flr-226 139 45 - - NOUN flr-226 139 46 r)= r)= NOUN flr-226 139 47 .74 .74 NUM flr-226 139 48 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 49 range range NOUN flr-226 139 50 : : PUNCT flr-226 139 51 1 1 NUM flr-226 139 52 - - SYM flr-226 139 53 20 20 NUM flr-226 139 54 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 55 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 139 56 8.59 8.59 NUM flr-226 139 57 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 58 std= std= PROPN flr-226 139 59 3.81 3.81 NUM flr-226 139 60 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 139 61 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 62 and and CCONJ flr-226 139 63 art art NOUN flr-226 139 64 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 139 65 kuderrichardson kuderrichardson NOUN flr-226 139 66 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 139 67 k k NOUN flr-226 139 68 - - NOUN flr-226 139 69 r)= r)= NOUN flr-226 139 70 .57 .57 NUM flr-226 139 71 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 72 range range NOUN flr-226 139 73 : : PUNCT flr-226 139 74 5 5 NUM flr-226 139 75 - - SYM flr-226 139 76 15 15 NUM flr-226 139 77 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 78 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 139 79 9.89 9.89 NUM flr-226 139 80 , , PUNCT flr-226 139 81 std= std= PROPN flr-226 139 82 2.49 2.49 NUM flr-226 139 83 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 139 84 . . PUNCT flr-226 139 85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     SPACE flr-226 140 1 4 4 NUM flr-226 140 2 the the DET flr-226 140 3 students student NOUN flr-226 140 4 had have AUX flr-226 140 5 been be AUX flr-226 140 6 taught teach VERB flr-226 140 7 the the DET flr-226 140 8 basic basic ADJ flr-226 140 9 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 140 10 concepts concept NOUN flr-226 140 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 140 12 methods method NOUN flr-226 140 13 based base VERB flr-226 140 14 on on ADP flr-226 140 15 empirical empirical ADJ flr-226 140 16 measurements measurement NOUN flr-226 140 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 140 18 inductive inductive ADJ flr-226 140 19 generalizations generalization NOUN flr-226 140 20 in in ADP flr-226 140 21 grades grade NOUN flr-226 140 22 7 7 NUM flr-226 140 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 140 24 8 8 NUM flr-226 140 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 140 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 140 27 9 9 NUM flr-226 140 28 . . X flr-226 141 1 in in ADP flr-226 141 2 grades grade NOUN flr-226 141 3 10 10 NUM flr-226 141 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 141 5 11 11 NUM flr-226 141 6 they they PRON flr-226 141 7 were be AUX flr-226 141 8 introduced introduce VERB flr-226 141 9 to to ADP flr-226 141 10 the the DET flr-226 141 11 procedures procedure NOUN flr-226 141 12 of of ADP flr-226 141 13 deductive deductive ADJ flr-226 141 14 proofs proof NOUN flr-226 141 15 characterizing characterize VERB flr-226 141 16 euclidean euclidean ADJ flr-226 141 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 141 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 142 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 142 2     SPACE flr-226 142 3 et et PROPN flr-226 142 4     SPACE flr-226 142 5 al al PROPN flr-226 142 6                     SPACE flr-226 142 7 48 48 NUM flr-226 142 8     SPACE flr-226 142 9 3.2 3.2 NUM flr-226 142 10 performance performance NOUN flr-226 142 11 of of ADP flr-226 142 12 the the DET flr-226 142 13 experts expert NOUN flr-226 142 14 vs vs ADP flr-226 142 15 novices novice NOUN flr-226 142 16 in in ADP flr-226 142 17 order order NOUN flr-226 142 18 to to PART flr-226 142 19 examine examine VERB flr-226 142 20 the the DET flr-226 142 21 effect effect NOUN flr-226 142 22 of of ADP flr-226 142 23 the the DET flr-226 142 24 visual visual ADJ flr-226 142 25 vs. vs. X flr-226 142 26 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 142 27 component component NOUN flr-226 142 28 on on ADP flr-226 142 29 the the DET flr-226 142 30 participants participant NOUN flr-226 142 31 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 142 32 performance performance NOUN flr-226 142 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 142 34 two two NUM flr-226 142 35 composite composite ADJ flr-226 142 36 scores score NOUN flr-226 142 37 were be AUX flr-226 142 38 computed compute VERB flr-226 142 39 : : PUNCT flr-226 142 40 the the DET flr-226 142 41 mean mean ADJ flr-226 142 42 percentage percentage NOUN flr-226 142 43 performances performance NOUN flr-226 142 44 in in ADP flr-226 142 45 the the DET flr-226 142 46 vast vast ADJ flr-226 142 47 consistent consistent ADJ flr-226 142 48 subscale subscale NOUN flr-226 142 49 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 142 50 vast vast ADJ flr-226 142 51 - - PUNCT flr-226 142 52 cons con NOUN flr-226 142 53 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 142 54 and and CCONJ flr-226 142 55 in in ADP flr-226 142 56 the the DET flr-226 142 57 vast vast ADJ flr-226 142 58 inconsitent inconsitent ADJ flr-226 142 59 subscale subscale NOUN flr-226 142 60 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 142 61 vast vast ADJ flr-226 142 62 - - PUNCT flr-226 142 63 incons incon NOUN flr-226 142 64 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 142 65 . . PUNCT flr-226 143 1 examination examination NOUN flr-226 143 2 of of ADP flr-226 143 3 the the DET flr-226 143 4 mean mean ADJ flr-226 143 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 143 6 standard standard ADJ flr-226 143 7 deviation deviation NOUN flr-226 143 8 of of ADP flr-226 143 9 the the DET flr-226 143 10 performance performance NOUN flr-226 143 11 on on ADP flr-226 143 12 the the DET flr-226 143 13 vast vast ADJ flr-226 143 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 143 15 cons con NOUN flr-226 143 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 143 17 showed show VERB flr-226 143 18 that that SCONJ flr-226 143 19 the the DET flr-226 143 20 scale scale NOUN flr-226 143 21 almost almost ADV flr-226 143 22 reached reach VERB flr-226 143 23 a a DET flr-226 143 24 ceiling ceiling NOUN flr-226 143 25 effect effect NOUN flr-226 143 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 143 27 mean mean NOUN flr-226 143 28 percentage= percentage= NUM flr-226 143 29 83.86 83.86 NUM flr-226 143 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 143 31 see see VERB flr-226 143 32 table table NOUN flr-226 143 33 1 1 NUM flr-226 143 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 143 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 144 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 144 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 144 3 as as SCONJ flr-226 144 4 was be AUX flr-226 144 5 planned plan VERB flr-226 144 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 144 7 this this DET flr-226 144 8 subscale subscale NOUN flr-226 144 9 consisted consist VERB flr-226 144 10 of of ADP flr-226 144 11 easy easy ADJ flr-226 144 12 items item NOUN flr-226 144 13 that that PRON flr-226 144 14 could could AUX flr-226 144 15 be be AUX flr-226 144 16 successfully successfully ADV flr-226 144 17 solved solve VERB flr-226 144 18 by by ADP flr-226 144 19 the the DET flr-226 144 20 math math NOUN flr-226 144 21 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 144 22 as as ADV flr-226 144 23 well well ADV flr-226 144 24 as as ADP flr-226 144 25 by by ADP flr-226 144 26 the the DET flr-226 144 27 students student NOUN flr-226 144 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 145 1 given give VERB flr-226 145 2 that that DET flr-226 145 3 normality normality NOUN flr-226 145 4 assumptions assumption NOUN flr-226 145 5 did do AUX flr-226 145 6 not not PART flr-226 145 7 hold hold VERB flr-226 145 8 for for ADP flr-226 145 9 this this DET flr-226 145 10 particular particular ADJ flr-226 145 11 subscale subscale NOUN flr-226 145 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 145 13 no no DET flr-226 145 14 parametric parametric ADJ flr-226 145 15 tests test NOUN flr-226 145 16 were be AUX flr-226 145 17 applied apply VERB flr-226 145 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 146 1 table table NOUN flr-226 146 2 1 1 NUM flr-226 146 3 means mean NOUN flr-226 146 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 146 5 std std NOUN flr-226 146 6 as as ADP flr-226 146 7 a a DET flr-226 146 8 function function NOUN flr-226 146 9 of of ADP flr-226 146 10 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 146 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 146 12 item item NOUN flr-226 146 13 type type NOUN flr-226 146 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 146 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 146 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 146 17 cons con NOUN flr-226 146 18 vs. vs. ADP flr-226 146 19 vast vast ADJ flr-226 146 20 - - PUNCT flr-226 146 21 incons incon NOUN flr-226 146 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 146 23 of of ADP flr-226 146 24 the the DET flr-226 146 25 vast vast ADJ flr-226 146 26 participants participant NOUN flr-226 146 27 item item NOUN flr-226 146 28 type type NOUN flr-226 147 1 vast vast ADJ flr-226 147 2 - - PUNCT flr-226 147 3 cons con NOUN flr-226 147 4 vast vast ADJ flr-226 147 5 - - PUNCT flr-226 147 6 incons incon NOUN flr-226 147 7 total total ADJ flr-226 147 8 mean mean NOUN flr-226 147 9 std std NOUN flr-226 147 10 mean mean VERB flr-226 147 11 std std NOUN flr-226 147 12 mean mean VERB flr-226 147 13 std std NOUN flr-226 147 14 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 147 15 92.000 92.000 NUM flr-226 147 16 7.575 7.575 NUM flr-226 147 17 78.841 78.841 NUM flr-226 147 18 11.685 11.685 NUM flr-226 147 19 85.392 85.392 NUM flr-226 147 20 7.525 7.525 NUM flr-226 147 21 students student NOUN flr-226 147 22 81.637 81.637 NUM flr-226 147 23 12.454 12.454 NUM flr-226 147 24 50.751 50.751 NUM flr-226 147 25 15.314 15.314 NUM flr-226 147 26 66.175 66.175 NUM flr-226 147 27 10.312 10.312 NUM flr-226 147 28 total total NOUN flr-226 147 29 83.857 83.857 NUM flr-226 147 30 12.321 12.321 NUM flr-226 147 31 56.770 56.770 NUM flr-226 147 32 18.606 18.606 NUM flr-226 147 33 70.293 70.293 NUM flr-226 147 34 12.566 12.566 NUM flr-226 147 35 a a DET flr-226 147 36 t t NOUN flr-226 147 37 - - PUNCT flr-226 147 38 test test NOUN flr-226 147 39 for for ADP flr-226 147 40 independent independent ADJ flr-226 147 41 samples sample NOUN flr-226 147 42 was be AUX flr-226 147 43 applied apply VERB flr-226 147 44 on on ADP flr-226 147 45 vast vast ADJ flr-226 147 46 - - PUNCT flr-226 147 47 incons incon NOUN flr-226 147 48 performance performance NOUN flr-226 147 49 . . PUNCT flr-226 148 1 results result NOUN flr-226 148 2 showed show VERB flr-226 148 3 significant significant ADJ flr-226 148 4 difference difference NOUN flr-226 148 5 between between ADP flr-226 148 6 the the DET flr-226 148 7 two two NUM flr-226 148 8 groups group NOUN flr-226 149 1 [ [ X flr-226 149 2 t(138)= t(138)= ADJ flr-226 149 3 -9.324 -9.324 NOUN flr-226 149 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 149 5 p<.001 p<.001 PROPN flr-226 149 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 149 7 mean= mean= NOUN flr-226 149 8 50.75 50.75 NUM flr-226 149 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 149 10 for for ADP flr-226 149 11 the the DET flr-226 149 12 students student NOUN flr-226 149 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 149 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 149 15 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 149 16 78.84 78.84 NUM flr-226 149 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 149 18 for for ADP flr-226 149 19 the the DET flr-226 149 20 math math NOUN flr-226 149 21 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 149 22 ] ] PUNCT flr-226 149 23 . . PUNCT flr-226 150 1 the the DET flr-226 150 2 math math NOUN flr-226 150 3 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 150 4 answered answer VERB flr-226 150 5 correctly correctly ADV flr-226 150 6 almost almost ADV flr-226 150 7 all all PRON flr-226 150 8 of of ADP flr-226 150 9 the the DET flr-226 150 10 items item NOUN flr-226 150 11 in in ADP flr-226 150 12 the the DET flr-226 150 13 vast vast ADJ flr-226 150 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 150 15 incons incon NOUN flr-226 150 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 150 17 whereas whereas SCONJ flr-226 150 18 the the DET flr-226 150 19 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 150 20 graders grader NOUN flr-226 150 21 had have VERB flr-226 150 22 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 150 23 difficulty difficulty NOUN flr-226 150 24 with with ADP flr-226 150 25 the the DET flr-226 150 26 vast vast ADJ flr-226 150 27 - - PUNCT flr-226 150 28 incons incon NOUN flr-226 150 29 . . PUNCT flr-226 151 1 in in ADP flr-226 151 2 agreement agreement NOUN flr-226 151 3 with with ADP flr-226 151 4 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 151 5 2 2 NUM flr-226 151 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 151 7 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 151 8 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 151 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 151 10 students student NOUN flr-226 151 11 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 151 12 performance performance NOUN flr-226 151 13 was be AUX flr-226 151 14 clearly clearly ADV flr-226 151 15 differentiated differentiate VERB flr-226 151 16 in in ADP flr-226 151 17 the the DET flr-226 151 18 vast vast ADJ flr-226 151 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 151 20 incons incon NOUN flr-226 151 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 151 22 where where SCONJ flr-226 151 23 the the DET flr-226 151 24 performance performance NOUN flr-226 151 25 of of ADP flr-226 151 26 students student NOUN flr-226 151 27 was be AUX flr-226 151 28 considerably considerably ADV flr-226 151 29 lower low ADJ flr-226 151 30 than than ADP flr-226 151 31 that that PRON flr-226 151 32 of of ADP flr-226 151 33 the the DET flr-226 151 34 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 151 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 152 1 in in ADP flr-226 152 2 order order NOUN flr-226 152 3 to to PART flr-226 152 4 examine examine VERB flr-226 152 5 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 152 6 3 3 NUM flr-226 152 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 152 8 we we PRON flr-226 152 9 plotted plot VERB flr-226 152 10 the the DET flr-226 152 11 students student NOUN flr-226 152 12 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 152 13 individual individual ADJ flr-226 152 14 mean mean VERB flr-226 152 15 percentage percentage NOUN flr-226 152 16 performance performance NOUN flr-226 152 17 in in ADP flr-226 152 18 the the DET flr-226 152 19 vast vast ADJ flr-226 152 20 - - PUNCT flr-226 152 21 cons con NOUN flr-226 152 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 152 23 the the DET flr-226 152 24 vast vast ADJ flr-226 152 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 152 26 incons incon NOUN flr-226 152 27 . . PUNCT flr-226 153 1 figure figure NOUN flr-226 153 2 3 3 NUM flr-226 153 3 shows show VERB flr-226 153 4 the the DET flr-226 153 5 mean mean ADJ flr-226 153 6 percent percent NOUN flr-226 153 7 score score NOUN flr-226 153 8 of of ADP flr-226 153 9 each each DET flr-226 153 10 participant participant NOUN flr-226 153 11 on on ADP flr-226 153 12 the the DET flr-226 153 13 y y NOUN flr-226 153 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 153 15 axis axis NOUN flr-226 153 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 154 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 154 2 can can AUX flr-226 154 3 be be AUX flr-226 154 4 seen see VERB flr-226 154 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 154 6 it it PRON flr-226 154 7 was be AUX flr-226 154 8 not not PART flr-226 154 9 the the DET flr-226 154 10 case case NOUN flr-226 154 11 that that SCONJ flr-226 154 12 some some DET flr-226 154 13 participants participant NOUN flr-226 154 14 performed perform VERB flr-226 154 15 well well ADV flr-226 154 16 in in ADP flr-226 154 17 the the DET flr-226 154 18 vast vast ADJ flr-226 154 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 154 20 cons con NOUN flr-226 154 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 154 22 others other NOUN flr-226 154 23 in in ADP flr-226 154 24 the the DET flr-226 154 25 vast vast ADJ flr-226 154 26 - - PUNCT flr-226 154 27 incons incon NOUN flr-226 154 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 154 29 as as SCONJ flr-226 154 30 would would AUX flr-226 154 31 have have AUX flr-226 154 32 been be AUX flr-226 154 33 predicted predict VERB flr-226 154 34 by by ADP flr-226 154 35 the the DET flr-226 154 36 individual individual ADJ flr-226 154 37 differences difference NOUN flr-226 154 38 / / SYM flr-226 154 39 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 154 40 style style NOUN flr-226 154 41 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 154 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 155 1 with with ADP flr-226 155 2 very very ADV flr-226 155 3 few few ADJ flr-226 155 4 exceptions exception NOUN flr-226 155 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 155 6 the the DET flr-226 155 7 items item NOUN flr-226 155 8 in in ADP flr-226 155 9 the the DET flr-226 155 10 vast vast ADJ flr-226 155 11 - - PUNCT flr-226 155 12 cons con NOUN flr-226 155 13 that that PRON flr-226 155 14 could could AUX flr-226 155 15 have have AUX flr-226 155 16 been be AUX flr-226 155 17 solved solve VERB flr-226 155 18 using use VERB flr-226 155 19 visuospatial visuospatial ADJ flr-226 155 20 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 155 21 were be AUX flr-226 155 22 much much ADV flr-226 155 23 easier easy ADJ flr-226 155 24 for for ADP flr-226 155 25 each each DET flr-226 155 26 individual individual ADJ flr-226 155 27 participant participant NOUN flr-226 155 28 than than ADP flr-226 155 29 the the DET flr-226 155 30 items item NOUN flr-226 155 31 in in ADP flr-226 155 32 the the DET flr-226 155 33 vast vast ADJ flr-226 155 34 - - PUNCT flr-226 155 35 incons incon NOUN flr-226 155 36 , , PUNCT flr-226 155 37 which which PRON flr-226 155 38 required require VERB flr-226 155 39 recourse recourse NOUN flr-226 155 40 to to ADP flr-226 155 41 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 155 42 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 155 43 . . PUNCT flr-226 156 1 it it PRON flr-226 156 2 can can AUX flr-226 156 3 also also ADV flr-226 156 4 be be AUX flr-226 156 5 seen see VERB flr-226 156 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 156 7 that that SCONJ flr-226 156 8 many many ADJ flr-226 156 9 students student NOUN flr-226 156 10 performed perform VERB flr-226 156 11 well well ADV flr-226 156 12 only only ADV flr-226 156 13 in in ADP flr-226 156 14 the the DET flr-226 156 15 case case NOUN flr-226 156 16 of of ADP flr-226 156 17 the the DET flr-226 156 18 vast vast ADJ flr-226 156 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 156 20 cons con NOUN flr-226 156 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 157 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 157 2     SPACE flr-226 157 3 et et PROPN flr-226 157 4     SPACE flr-226 157 5 al al PROPN flr-226 157 6                     SPACE flr-226 157 7 49 49 NUM flr-226 157 8     SPACE flr-226 157 9 figure figure NOUN flr-226 157 10 3 3 NUM flr-226 157 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 157 12 individuals individual NOUN flr-226 157 13 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 157 14 mean mean ADJ flr-226 157 15 performance performance NOUN flr-226 157 16 in in ADP flr-226 157 17 the the DET flr-226 157 18 vast vast ADJ flr-226 157 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 157 20 cons con NOUN flr-226 157 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 157 22 the the DET flr-226 157 23 vast vast ADJ flr-226 157 24 - - PUNCT flr-226 157 25 incons incon NOUN flr-226 157 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 158 1 the the DET flr-226 158 2 performance performance NOUN flr-226 158 3 of of ADP flr-226 158 4 the the DET flr-226 158 5 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 158 6 is be AUX flr-226 158 7 shown show VERB flr-226 158 8 above above ADP flr-226 158 9 the the DET flr-226 158 10 horizontal horizontal ADJ flr-226 158 11 line line NOUN flr-226 158 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 159 1 3.3 3.3 NUM flr-226 159 2 relations relation NOUN flr-226 159 3 between between ADP flr-226 159 4 the the DET flr-226 159 5 vast vast ADJ flr-226 159 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 159 7 cons con NOUN flr-226 159 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 159 9 vast vast ADJ flr-226 159 10 - - PUNCT flr-226 159 11 incons incon NOUN flr-226 159 12 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 159 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 159 14 gg gg PROPN flr-226 159 15 rot rot VERB flr-226 159 16 and and CCONJ flr-226 159 17 art art NOUN flr-226 159 18 due due ADP flr-226 159 19 to to ADP flr-226 159 20 the the DET flr-226 159 21 violation violation NOUN flr-226 159 22 of of ADP flr-226 159 23 the the DET flr-226 159 24 normality normality NOUN flr-226 159 25 assumption assumption NOUN flr-226 159 26 of of ADP flr-226 159 27 the the DET flr-226 159 28 vastcons vastcon NOUN flr-226 159 29 , , PUNCT flr-226 159 30 a a DET flr-226 159 31 spearman spearman NOUN flr-226 159 32 ’s ’s PART flr-226 159 33 rho rho ADJ flr-226 159 34 correlation correlation NOUN flr-226 159 35 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 159 36 was be AUX flr-226 159 37 performed perform VERB flr-226 159 38 on on ADP flr-226 159 39 the the DET flr-226 159 40 mean mean ADJ flr-226 159 41 scores score NOUN flr-226 159 42 of of ADP flr-226 159 43 the the DET flr-226 159 44 vastcons vastcon NOUN flr-226 159 45 with with ADP flr-226 159 46 the the DET flr-226 159 47 vastincons vastincon NOUN flr-226 159 48 , , PUNCT flr-226 159 49 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 159 50 , , PUNCT flr-226 159 51 gg gg NOUN flr-226 159 52 , , PUNCT flr-226 159 53 rot rot NOUN flr-226 159 54 and and CCONJ flr-226 159 55 art art NOUN flr-226 159 56 . . PUNCT flr-226 160 1 results result NOUN flr-226 160 2 showed show VERB flr-226 160 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 160 4 vastcons vastcon NOUN flr-226 160 5 correlated correlate VERB flr-226 160 6 moderately moderately ADV flr-226 160 7 only only ADV flr-226 160 8 with with ADP flr-226 160 9 rot rot PROPN flr-226 160 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 160 11 rho=.190 rho=.190 ADJ flr-226 160 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 13 p=.047 p=.047 NOUN flr-226 160 14 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 160 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 16 whereas whereas SCONJ flr-226 160 17 all all DET flr-226 160 18 other other ADJ flr-226 160 19 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 160 20 were be AUX flr-226 160 21 insignificant insignificant ADJ flr-226 160 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 160 23 with with ADP flr-226 160 24 vastincons vastincon NOUN flr-226 160 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 26 rho=.136 rho=.136 VERB flr-226 160 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 28 with with ADP flr-226 160 29 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 160 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 31 rho=.165 rho=.165 X flr-226 160 32 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 33 with with ADP flr-226 160 34 gg gg PROPN flr-226 160 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 36 rho=.054 rho=.054 PROPN flr-226 160 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 38 and and CCONJ flr-226 160 39 with with ADP flr-226 160 40 art art NOUN flr-226 160 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 160 42 rho=.176 rho=.176 PROPN flr-226 160 43 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 160 44 . . PUNCT flr-226 161 1 3.4 3.4 NUM flr-226 161 2 relations relation NOUN flr-226 161 3 between between ADP flr-226 161 4 the the DET flr-226 161 5 vast vast ADJ flr-226 161 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 161 7 incons incon NOUN flr-226 161 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 9 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 161 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 161 11 gg gg NOUN flr-226 161 12 in in ADP flr-226 161 13 order order NOUN flr-226 161 14 to to PART flr-226 161 15 examine examine VERB flr-226 161 16 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 161 17 5 5 NUM flr-226 161 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 19 a a DET flr-226 161 20 correlation correlation NOUN flr-226 161 21 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 161 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 161 23 pearson pearson PROPN flr-226 161 24 ’s ’s PART flr-226 161 25 r r NOUN flr-226 161 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 161 27 was be AUX flr-226 161 28 performed perform VERB flr-226 161 29 on on ADP flr-226 161 30 the the DET flr-226 161 31 mean mean ADJ flr-226 161 32 percentage percentage NOUN flr-226 161 33 scores score NOUN flr-226 161 34 on on ADP flr-226 161 35 the the DET flr-226 161 36 vast vast ADJ flr-226 161 37 - - PUNCT flr-226 161 38 cons con NOUN flr-226 161 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 40 the the DET flr-226 161 41 vast vast ADJ flr-226 161 42 - - PUNCT flr-226 161 43 incons incon NOUN flr-226 161 44 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 45 rot rot VERB flr-226 161 46 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 161 47 cronbach cronbach VERB flr-226 161 48 alpha= alpha= NUM flr-226 161 49 .74 .74 NUM flr-226 161 50 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 51 range range NOUN flr-226 161 52 : : PUNCT flr-226 161 53 1 1 NUM flr-226 161 54 - - SYM flr-226 161 55 20 20 NUM flr-226 161 56 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 57 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 161 58 8.59 8.59 NUM flr-226 161 59 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 60 std= std= PROPN flr-226 161 61 3.81 3.81 NUM flr-226 161 62 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 161 63 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 64 and and CCONJ flr-226 161 65 art art NOUN flr-226 161 66 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 161 67 cronbach cronbach VERB flr-226 161 68 alpha= alpha= NUM flr-226 161 69 .57 .57 NUM flr-226 161 70 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 71 range range NOUN flr-226 161 72 : : PUNCT flr-226 161 73 5 5 NUM flr-226 161 74 - - SYM flr-226 161 75 15 15 NUM flr-226 161 76 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 77 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 161 78 9.89 9.89 NUM flr-226 161 79 , , PUNCT flr-226 161 80 std= std= PROPN flr-226 161 81 2.49 2.49 NUM flr-226 161 82 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 161 83 . . PUNCT flr-226 162 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 162 2 predicted predict VERB flr-226 162 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 162 4 the the DET flr-226 162 5 results result NOUN flr-226 162 6 showed show VERB flr-226 162 7 statistically statistically ADV flr-226 162 8 significant significant ADJ flr-226 162 9 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 162 10 between between ADP flr-226 162 11 performance performance NOUN flr-226 162 12 in in ADP flr-226 162 13 the the DET flr-226 162 14 two two NUM flr-226 162 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 162 16 subscales subscale NOUN flr-226 162 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 162 18 rot rot NOUN flr-226 162 19 and and CCONJ flr-226 162 20 art art NOUN flr-226 162 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 162 22 table table NOUN flr-226 162 23 2 2 NUM flr-226 162 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 162 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 163 1 3.5 3.5 NUM flr-226 163 2 relations relation NOUN flr-226 163 3 between between ADP flr-226 163 4 the the DET flr-226 163 5 vast vast ADJ flr-226 163 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 163 7 incons incon NOUN flr-226 163 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 9 rot rot NOUN flr-226 163 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 163 11 art art NOUN flr-226 163 12 in in ADP flr-226 163 13 order order NOUN flr-226 163 14 to to PART flr-226 163 15 examine examine VERB flr-226 163 16 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 163 17 5 5 NUM flr-226 163 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 19 a a DET flr-226 163 20 correlation correlation NOUN flr-226 163 21 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 163 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 163 23 pearson pearson PROPN flr-226 163 24 ’s ’s PART flr-226 163 25 r r NOUN flr-226 163 26 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 163 27 was be AUX flr-226 163 28 performed perform VERB flr-226 163 29 on on ADP flr-226 163 30 the the DET flr-226 163 31 mean mean ADJ flr-226 163 32 percentage percentage NOUN flr-226 163 33 scores score NOUN flr-226 163 34 on on ADP flr-226 163 35 the the DET flr-226 163 36 vast vast ADJ flr-226 163 37 - - PUNCT flr-226 163 38 incons incon NOUN flr-226 163 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 40 rot rot VERB flr-226 163 41 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 163 42 cronbach cronbach VERB flr-226 163 43 alpha= alpha= NUM flr-226 163 44 .74 .74 NUM flr-226 163 45 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 46 range range NOUN flr-226 163 47 : : PUNCT flr-226 163 48 1 1 NUM flr-226 163 49 - - SYM flr-226 163 50 20 20 NUM flr-226 163 51 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 52 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 163 53 8.59 8.59 NUM flr-226 163 54 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 55 std= std= PROPN flr-226 163 56 3.81 3.81 NUM flr-226 163 57 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 163 58 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 59 and and CCONJ flr-226 163 60 art art NOUN flr-226 163 61 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 163 62 cronbach cronbach VERB flr-226 163 63 alpha= alpha= NUM flr-226 163 64 .57 .57 NUM flr-226 163 65 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 66 range range NOUN flr-226 163 67 : : PUNCT flr-226 163 68 5 5 NUM flr-226 163 69 - - SYM flr-226 163 70 15 15 NUM flr-226 163 71 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 72 mean= mean= NUM flr-226 163 73 9.89 9.89 NUM flr-226 163 74 , , PUNCT flr-226 163 75 std= std= PROPN flr-226 163 76 2.49 2.49 NUM flr-226 163 77 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 163 78 . . PUNCT flr-226 164 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 164 2 predicted predict VERB flr-226 164 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 164 4 the the DET flr-226 164 5 results result NOUN flr-226 164 6 showed show VERB flr-226 164 7 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 164 8     SPACE flr-226 164 9 et et NOUN flr-226 164 10     SPACE flr-226 164 11 al al PROPN flr-226 164 12                     SPACE flr-226 164 13 50 50 NUM flr-226 164 14     SPACE flr-226 164 15 statistically statistically ADV flr-226 164 16 significant significant ADJ flr-226 164 17 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 164 18 between between ADP flr-226 164 19 performance performance NOUN flr-226 164 20 in in ADP flr-226 164 21 the the DET flr-226 164 22 two two NUM flr-226 164 23 vast vast ADJ flr-226 164 24 subscales subscale NOUN flr-226 164 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 164 26 rot rot NOUN flr-226 164 27 and and CCONJ flr-226 164 28 art art NOUN flr-226 164 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 164 30 table table NOUN flr-226 164 31 2 2 NUM flr-226 164 32 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 164 33 . . PUNCT flr-226 165 1 table table NOUN flr-226 165 2 2 2 NUM flr-226 165 3 correlation correlation NOUN flr-226 165 4 between between ADP flr-226 165 5 the the DET flr-226 165 6 measures measure NOUN flr-226 165 7 of of ADP flr-226 165 8 the the DET flr-226 165 9 study study NOUN flr-226 165 10     SPACE flr-226 165 11 1 1 NUM flr-226 165 12 2 2 NUM flr-226 165 13 3 3 NUM flr-226 165 14 4 4 NUM flr-226 165 15 5 5 NUM flr-226 165 16 1 1 NUM flr-226 165 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 166 1 vast vast ADJ flr-226 166 2 - - PUNCT flr-226 166 3 incons incon NOUN flr-226 166 4 2 2 NUM flr-226 166 5 . . X flr-226 166 6 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 166 7 .429 .429 NUM flr-226 166 8 * * PROPN flr-226 166 9 * * PROPN flr-226 166 10 3 3 X flr-226 166 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 167 1 gg gg NOUN flr-226 167 2 .318 .318 NUM flr-226 167 3 * * PROPN flr-226 167 4 * * PUNCT flr-226 167 5 .575 .575 NUM flr-226 167 6 * * NOUN flr-226 167 7 * * NOUN flr-226 167 8 4 4 X flr-226 167 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 167 10 rot rot VERB flr-226 167 11 .313 .313 NUM flr-226 167 12 * * NOUN flr-226 167 13 * * NOUN flr-226 167 14 .357 .357 NOUN flr-226 167 15 * * PUNCT flr-226 167 16 * * PUNCT flr-226 167 17 .249 .249 NUM flr-226 167 18 * * PROPN flr-226 167 19 * * NOUN flr-226 167 20 5 5 X flr-226 167 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 168 1 art art NOUN flr-226 168 2 .366 .366 NUM flr-226 168 3 * * PUNCT flr-226 168 4 * * NOUN flr-226 168 5 .414 .414 NUM flr-226 168 6 * * PUNCT flr-226 168 7 * * PUNCT flr-226 168 8 .285 .285 NUM flr-226 168 9 * * PUNCT flr-226 168 10 * * PUNCT flr-226 168 11 .327 .327 NUM flr-226 168 12 * * PUNCT flr-226 168 13 * * PUNCT flr-226 169 1 * * PUNCT flr-226 169 2 * * NOUN flr-226 169 3 . . PUNCT flr-226 169 4 correlation correlation NOUN flr-226 169 5 is be AUX flr-226 169 6 significant significant ADJ flr-226 169 7 at at ADP flr-226 169 8 the the DET flr-226 169 9 0.01 0.01 NUM flr-226 169 10 level level NOUN flr-226 169 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 169 12 2 2 NUM flr-226 169 13 - - PUNCT flr-226 169 14 tailed tailed ADJ flr-226 169 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 169 16 * * PUNCT flr-226 169 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 170 1 correlation correlation NOUN flr-226 170 2 is be AUX flr-226 170 3 significant significant ADJ flr-226 170 4 at at ADP flr-226 170 5 the the DET flr-226 170 6 0.05 0.05 NUM flr-226 170 7 level level NOUN flr-226 170 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 170 9 2 2 NUM flr-226 170 10 - - PUNCT flr-226 170 11 tailed tailed ADJ flr-226 170 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 170 13 a a DET flr-226 170 14 stepwise stepwise ADJ flr-226 170 15 regression regression NOUN flr-226 170 16 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 170 17 was be AUX flr-226 170 18 applied apply VERB flr-226 170 19 with with ADP flr-226 170 20 the the DET flr-226 170 21 purpose purpose NOUN flr-226 170 22 of of ADP flr-226 170 23 examining examine VERB flr-226 170 24 in in ADP flr-226 170 25 greater great ADJ flr-226 170 26 detail detail NOUN flr-226 170 27 the the DET flr-226 170 28 contributions contribution NOUN flr-226 170 29 of of ADP flr-226 170 30 the the DET flr-226 170 31 above above ADV flr-226 170 32 - - PUNCT flr-226 170 33 mentioned mention VERB flr-226 170 34 measures measure NOUN flr-226 170 35 of of ADP flr-226 170 36 this this DET flr-226 170 37 study study NOUN flr-226 170 38 to to ADP flr-226 170 39 vast vast ADJ flr-226 170 40 - - PUNCT flr-226 170 41 incons incon NOUN flr-226 170 42 performance performance NOUN flr-226 170 43 . . PUNCT flr-226 171 1 the the DET flr-226 171 2 measures measure NOUN flr-226 171 3 were be AUX flr-226 171 4 inserted insert VERB flr-226 171 5 in in ADP flr-226 171 6 the the DET flr-226 171 7 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 171 8 in in ADP flr-226 171 9 the the DET flr-226 171 10 following follow VERB flr-226 171 11 order order NOUN flr-226 171 12 : : PUNCT flr-226 171 13 rot rot VERB flr-226 171 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 171 15 art art NOUN flr-226 171 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 171 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 171 18 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 171 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 172 1 the the DET flr-226 172 2 order order NOUN flr-226 172 3 of of ADP flr-226 172 4 insertion insertion NOUN flr-226 172 5 followed follow VERB flr-226 172 6 the the DET flr-226 172 7 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 172 8 rationale rationale NOUN flr-226 172 9 of of ADP flr-226 172 10 the the DET flr-226 172 11 present present ADJ flr-226 172 12 study study NOUN flr-226 172 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 14 that that ADV flr-226 172 15 is is ADV flr-226 172 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 17 general general ADJ flr-226 172 18 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 172 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 172 20 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 172 21 ability ability NOUN flr-226 172 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 172 23 rot rot VERB flr-226 172 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 172 25 was be AUX flr-226 172 26 inserted insert VERB flr-226 172 27 first first ADV flr-226 172 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 29 followed follow VERB flr-226 172 30 by by ADP flr-226 172 31 general general ADJ flr-226 172 32 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 172 33 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 172 34 ability ability NOUN flr-226 172 35 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 172 36 art art NOUN flr-226 172 37 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 172 38 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 39 and and CCONJ flr-226 172 40 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 41 finally finally ADV flr-226 172 42 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 43 by by ADP flr-226 172 44 performance performance NOUN flr-226 172 45 on on ADP flr-226 172 46 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 172 47 , , PUNCT flr-226 172 48 which which PRON flr-226 172 49 incorporated incorporate VERB flr-226 172 50 all all DET flr-226 172 51 the the DET flr-226 172 52 above above ADV flr-226 172 53 and and CCONJ flr-226 172 54 included include VERB flr-226 172 55 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 172 56 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 172 57 . . PUNCT flr-226 173 1 based base VERB flr-226 173 2 on on ADP flr-226 173 3 our our PRON flr-226 173 4 theoretical theoretical ADJ flr-226 173 5 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 173 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 173 7 performance performance NOUN flr-226 173 8 in in ADP flr-226 173 9 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 173 10 should should AUX flr-226 173 11 predict predict VERB flr-226 173 12 performance performance NOUN flr-226 173 13 in in ADP flr-226 173 14 the the DET flr-226 173 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 173 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 173 17 incons incon NOUN flr-226 173 18 best good ADJ flr-226 173 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 174 1 table table NOUN flr-226 174 2 3 3 NUM flr-226 174 3 results result NOUN flr-226 174 4 of of ADP flr-226 174 5 step step NOUN flr-226 174 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 174 7 wise wise ADJ flr-226 174 8 regression regression NOUN flr-226 174 9 of of ADP flr-226 174 10 rot rot NOUN flr-226 174 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 174 12 art art NOUN flr-226 174 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 174 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 174 15 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 174 16 on on ADP flr-226 174 17 vast vast ADJ flr-226 174 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 174 19 incons incon NOUN flr-226 174 20 model model NOUN flr-226 174 21 b b PROPN flr-226 174 22 std std PROPN flr-226 174 23 . . NOUN flr-226 175 1 error error NOUN flr-226 175 2 β β PROPN flr-226 175 3 t t PROPN flr-226 175 4 sig sig PROPN flr-226 175 5 . . PROPN flr-226 175 6 1 1 NUM flr-226 175 7 rot rot VERB flr-226 175 8 1.258 1.258 NUM flr-226 175 9 .432 .432 NUM flr-226 175 10 .295 .295 NUM flr-226 175 11 2.909 2.909 NUM flr-226 175 12 .005 .005 NUM flr-226 175 13 2 2 NUM flr-226 175 14 rot rot NOUN flr-226 175 15 .901 .901 NUM flr-226 175 16 .430 .430 NUM flr-226 175 17 .211 .211 NUM flr-226 175 18 2.096 2.096 NUM flr-226 175 19 .039 .039 NUM flr-226 175 20 art art NOUN flr-226 175 21 1.772 1.772 NUM flr-226 175 22 .581 .581 NUM flr-226 175 23 .307 .307 NUM flr-226 175 24 3.048 3.048 NUM flr-226 175 25 .003 .003 NUM flr-226 175 26 3 3 NUM flr-226 175 27 rot rot NOUN flr-226 175 28 .522 .522 NUM flr-226 175 29 .442 .442 NUM flr-226 175 30 .122 .122 NUM flr-226 176 1 1.179 1.179 NUM flr-226 176 2 .242 .242 NUM flr-226 176 3 art art NOUN flr-226 176 4 1.223 1.223 NUM flr-226 176 5 .603 .603 NUM flr-226 176 6 .212 .212 NUM flr-226 176 7 2.027 2.027 NUM flr-226 176 8 .046 .046 NUM flr-226 176 9 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 176 10 .196 .196 NUM flr-226 176 11 .076 .076 NUM flr-226 176 12 .282 .282 NUM flr-226 176 13 2.561 2.561 NUM flr-226 176 14 .012 .012 NUM flr-226 176 15 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 176 16     SPACE flr-226 176 17 et et PROPN flr-226 176 18     SPACE flr-226 176 19 al al PROPN flr-226 176 20                     SPACE flr-226 176 21 51 51 NUM flr-226 176 22     SPACE flr-226 176 23 the the DET flr-226 176 24 results result NOUN flr-226 176 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 176 26 see see VERB flr-226 176 27 table table NOUN flr-226 176 28 3 3 NUM flr-226 176 29 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 176 30 showed show VERB flr-226 176 31 that that SCONJ flr-226 176 32 all all DET flr-226 176 33 three three NUM flr-226 176 34 consecutive consecutive ADJ flr-226 176 35 models model NOUN flr-226 176 36 had have VERB flr-226 176 37 a a DET flr-226 176 38 good good ADJ flr-226 176 39 fit fit NOUN flr-226 176 40 . . PUNCT flr-226 177 1 for for ADP flr-226 177 2 the the DET flr-226 177 3 first first ADJ flr-226 177 4 step step NOUN flr-226 177 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 177 6 rot rot VERB flr-226 177 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 178 1 [ [ X flr-226 178 2 f f X flr-226 178 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 178 4 1 1 NUM flr-226 178 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 178 6 89 89 NUM flr-226 178 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 178 8 = = NOUN flr-226 178 9 8.461 8.461 NUM flr-226 178 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 178 11 p= p= NOUN flr-226 178 12 .005 .005 NUM flr-226 178 13 ] ] PUNCT flr-226 178 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 178 15 for for ADP flr-226 178 16 the the DET flr-226 178 17 second second ADJ flr-226 178 18 step step NOUN flr-226 178 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 178 20 rot rot VERB flr-226 178 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 178 22 art art NOUN flr-226 178 23 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 179 1 [ [ X flr-226 179 2 f f X flr-226 179 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 179 4 2 2 NUM flr-226 179 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 179 6 88 88 NUM flr-226 179 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 179 8 = = NOUN flr-226 179 9 9.269 9.269 NUM flr-226 179 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 179 11 p p X flr-226 179 12 < < X flr-226 179 13 .001 .001 NUM flr-226 179 14 ] ] PUNCT flr-226 179 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 179 16 and and CCONJ flr-226 179 17 for for ADP flr-226 179 18 the the DET flr-226 179 19 third third ADJ flr-226 179 20 step step NOUN flr-226 179 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 179 22 rot rot NOUN flr-226 179 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 179 24 art art NOUN flr-226 179 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 179 26 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 179 27 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 180 1 [ [ X flr-226 180 2 f f X flr-226 180 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 180 4 3 3 NUM flr-226 180 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 180 6 88 88 NUM flr-226 180 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 180 8 = = PUNCT flr-226 180 9 8.755 8.755 NUM flr-226 180 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 180 11 p p X flr-226 180 12 < < X flr-226 180 13 .001 .001 NUM flr-226 180 14 ] ] PUNCT flr-226 180 15 . . PUNCT flr-226 181 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 181 2 it it PRON flr-226 181 3 can can AUX flr-226 181 4 be be AUX flr-226 181 5 seen see VERB flr-226 181 6 in in ADP flr-226 181 7 table table NOUN flr-226 181 8 3 3 NUM flr-226 181 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 181 10 when when SCONJ flr-226 181 11 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 181 12 was be AUX flr-226 181 13 entered enter VERB flr-226 181 14 in in ADP flr-226 181 15 the the DET flr-226 181 16 model model NOUN flr-226 181 17 the the DET flr-226 181 18 contribution contribution NOUN flr-226 181 19 of of ADP flr-226 181 20 rot rot NOUN flr-226 181 21 became become VERB flr-226 181 22 non non ADJ flr-226 181 23 - - ADJ flr-226 181 24 significant significant ADJ flr-226 181 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 181 26 p= p= NOUN flr-226 181 27 .242 .242 NUM flr-226 181 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 181 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 181 30 the the DET flr-226 181 31 contribution contribution NOUN flr-226 181 32 of of ADP flr-226 181 33 art art NOUN flr-226 181 34 became become VERB flr-226 181 35 marginally marginally ADV flr-226 181 36 significant significant ADJ flr-226 181 37 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 181 38 p= p= NOUN flr-226 181 39 .046 .046 NUM flr-226 181 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 181 41 . . PUNCT flr-226 182 1 these these DET flr-226 182 2 results result NOUN flr-226 182 3 fully fully ADV flr-226 182 4 confirmed confirm VERB flr-226 182 5 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 182 6 6 6 NUM flr-226 182 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 182 8 indicating indicate VERB flr-226 182 9 that that SCONJ flr-226 182 10 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 182 11 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 182 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 182 13 and and CCONJ flr-226 182 14 not not PART flr-226 182 15 general general ADJ flr-226 182 16 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 182 17 - - PUNCT flr-226 182 18 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 182 19 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 182 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 182 21 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 182 22 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 182 23 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 182 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 182 25 accounted account VERB flr-226 182 26 for for ADP flr-226 182 27 the the DET flr-226 182 28 visual visual ADJ flr-226 182 29 / / SYM flr-226 182 30 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 182 31 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 182 32 shift shift NOUN flr-226 182 33 as as SCONJ flr-226 182 34 measured measure VERB flr-226 182 35 by by ADP flr-226 182 36 the the DET flr-226 182 37 vast vast ADJ flr-226 182 38 - - PUNCT flr-226 182 39 incons incon NOUN flr-226 182 40 . . PUNCT flr-226 183 1 in in ADP flr-226 183 2 order order NOUN flr-226 183 3 to to PART flr-226 183 4 further far ADV flr-226 183 5 validate validate VERB flr-226 183 6 the the DET flr-226 183 7 above above ADJ flr-226 183 8 result result NOUN flr-226 183 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 183 10 a a DET flr-226 183 11 mediation mediation NOUN flr-226 183 12 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 183 13 of of ADP flr-226 183 14 the the DET flr-226 183 15 patterns pattern NOUN flr-226 183 16 of of ADP flr-226 183 17 relations relation NOUN flr-226 183 18 was be AUX flr-226 183 19 applied apply VERB flr-226 183 20 on on ADP flr-226 183 21 the the DET flr-226 183 22 data datum NOUN flr-226 183 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 183 24 see see VERB flr-226 183 25 figure figure NOUN flr-226 183 26 4 4 NUM flr-226 183 27 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 183 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 183 29 by by ADP flr-226 183 30 using use VERB flr-226 183 31 amos amos PROPN flr-226 183 32 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 183 33 version version PROPN flr-226 183 34 spss21 spss21 PROPN flr-226 183 35 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 183 36 through through ADP flr-226 183 37 bootstrapping bootstrappe VERB flr-226 183 38 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 183 39 number number NOUN flr-226 183 40 of of ADP flr-226 183 41 bootstrap bootstrap NOUN flr-226 183 42 samples=2000 samples=2000 PROPN flr-226 183 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 183 44 bias bias NOUN flr-226 183 45 corrected correct VERB flr-226 183 46 confidence confidence NOUN flr-226 183 47 intervals= intervals= NOUN flr-226 183 48 .95 .95 NUM flr-226 183 49 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 183 50 . . PUNCT flr-226 184 1 first first ADV flr-226 184 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 184 3 the the DET flr-226 184 4 direct direct ADJ flr-226 184 5 relations relation NOUN flr-226 184 6 between between ADP flr-226 184 7 rot rot NOUN flr-226 184 8 and and CCONJ flr-226 184 9 art art NOUN flr-226 184 10 on on ADP flr-226 184 11 the the DET flr-226 184 12 vast vast ADJ flr-226 184 13 - - PUNCT flr-226 184 14 incons incon NOUN flr-226 184 15 were be AUX flr-226 184 16 computed compute VERB flr-226 184 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 185 1 for for ADP flr-226 185 2 rot rot VERB flr-226 185 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 185 4 vast vast ADJ flr-226 185 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 185 6 two two NUM flr-226 185 7 - - PUNCT flr-226 185 8 tailed tail VERB flr-226 185 9 significance significance NOUN flr-226 185 10 p p X flr-226 185 11 < < X flr-226 185 12 .045 .045 NUM flr-226 185 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 185 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 185 15 for for ADP flr-226 185 16 art art NOUN flr-226 185 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 185 18 vast vast ADJ flr-226 185 19 : : PUNCT flr-226 185 20 two two NUM flr-226 185 21 - - PUNCT flr-226 185 22 tailed tail VERB flr-226 185 23 significance significance NOUN flr-226 185 24 p p X flr-226 185 25 < < X flr-226 185 26 .019 .019 NUM flr-226 185 27 . . PUNCT flr-226 186 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 186 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 186 3 the the DET flr-226 186 4 results result NOUN flr-226 186 5 indicated indicate VERB flr-226 186 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 186 7 both both DET flr-226 186 8 paths path NOUN flr-226 186 9 were be AUX flr-226 186 10 significant significant ADJ flr-226 186 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 187 1 we we PRON flr-226 187 2 then then ADV flr-226 187 3 tested test VERB flr-226 187 4 two two NUM flr-226 187 5 models model NOUN flr-226 187 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 187 7 one one NUM flr-226 187 8 with with ADP flr-226 187 9 the the DET flr-226 187 10 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 187 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 187 12 the the DET flr-226 187 13 other other ADJ flr-226 187 14 with with ADP flr-226 187 15 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 187 16 grades grade NOUN flr-226 187 17 as as ADP flr-226 187 18 mediating mediate VERB flr-226 187 19 variables variable NOUN flr-226 187 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 188 1 when when SCONJ flr-226 188 2 the the DET flr-226 188 3 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 188 4 was be AUX flr-226 188 5 added add VERB flr-226 188 6 as as ADP flr-226 188 7 a a DET flr-226 188 8 mediating mediate VERB flr-226 188 9 variable variable NOUN flr-226 188 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 188 11 the the DET flr-226 188 12 indirect indirect ADJ flr-226 188 13 effect effect NOUN flr-226 188 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 188 15 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 188 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 188 17 the the DET flr-226 188 18 mediating mediating NOUN flr-226 188 19 path path NOUN flr-226 188 20 from from ADP flr-226 188 21 rot rot VERB flr-226 188 22 through through ADP flr-226 188 23 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 188 24 to to ADP flr-226 188 25 vast vast ADJ flr-226 188 26 - - PUNCT flr-226 188 27 incons incon NOUN flr-226 188 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 188 29 was be AUX flr-226 188 30 significant significant ADJ flr-226 188 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 188 32 p= p= NOUN flr-226 188 33 .006 .006 NUM flr-226 188 34 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 188 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 188 36 and and CCONJ flr-226 188 37 so so ADV flr-226 188 38 was be AUX flr-226 188 39 the the DET flr-226 188 40 mediating mediating NOUN flr-226 188 41 path path NOUN flr-226 188 42 from from ADP flr-226 188 43 art art NOUN flr-226 188 44 through through ADP flr-226 188 45 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 188 46 to to ADP flr-226 188 47 vast vast ADJ flr-226 188 48 - - PUNCT flr-226 188 49 incons incon NOUN flr-226 188 50 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 188 51 p= p= NOUN flr-226 188 52 .001 .001 NUM flr-226 188 53 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 188 54 . . PUNCT flr-226 189 1 inspection inspection NOUN flr-226 189 2 of of ADP flr-226 189 3 the the DET flr-226 189 4 direct direct ADJ flr-226 189 5 effects effect NOUN flr-226 189 6 showed show VERB flr-226 189 7 that that SCONJ flr-226 189 8 both both DET flr-226 189 9 relations relation NOUN flr-226 189 10 were be AUX flr-226 189 11 completely completely ADV flr-226 189 12 mediated mediate VERB flr-226 189 13 by by ADP flr-226 189 14 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 189 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 189 16 for for ADP flr-226 189 17 the the DET flr-226 189 18 path path NOUN flr-226 189 19 between between ADP flr-226 189 20 rot rot NOUN flr-226 189 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 189 22 vast vast ADJ flr-226 189 23 - - PUNCT flr-226 189 24 incons incon NOUN flr-226 189 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 189 26 p= p= PROPN flr-226 189 27 .143 .143 NUM flr-226 189 28 and and CCONJ flr-226 189 29 for for ADP flr-226 189 30 the the DET flr-226 189 31 path path NOUN flr-226 189 32 art art NOUN flr-226 189 33 to to ADP flr-226 189 34 vast vast ADJ flr-226 189 35 - - PUNCT flr-226 189 36 incons incon NOUN flr-226 189 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 189 38 p= p= NOUN flr-226 189 39 .133 .133 NUM flr-226 189 40 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 189 41 . . PUNCT flr-226 190 1 the the DET flr-226 190 2 best good ADJ flr-226 190 3 model model NOUN flr-226 190 4 that that PRON flr-226 190 5 resulted result VERB flr-226 190 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 190 7 see see VERB flr-226 190 8 figure figure NOUN flr-226 190 9 4 4 NUM flr-226 190 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 190 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 190 12 eliminating eliminate VERB flr-226 190 13 only only ADV flr-226 190 14 the the DET flr-226 190 15 direct direct ADJ flr-226 190 16 relation relation NOUN flr-226 190 17 from from ADP flr-226 190 18 rot rot VERB flr-226 190 19 to to ADP flr-226 190 20 the the DET flr-226 190 21 vast vast ADJ flr-226 190 22 - - PUNCT flr-226 190 23 incons incon NOUN flr-226 190 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 190 25 had have VERB flr-226 190 26 an an DET flr-226 190 27 acceptable acceptable ADJ flr-226 190 28 fit fit NOUN flr-226 190 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 190 30 χ2 χ2 PROPN flr-226 190 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 190 32 1)= 1)= NUM flr-226 190 33 2.384 2.384 NUM flr-226 190 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 190 35 p= p= NOUN flr-226 190 36 .123 .123 NOUN flr-226 190 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 190 38 cfi= cfi= PROPN flr-226 190 39 . . PUNCT flr-226 191 1 977 977 NUM flr-226 191 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 191 3 standardized standardize VERB flr-226 191 4 rmr= rmr= PROPN flr-226 191 5 .04 .04 NUM flr-226 191 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 191 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 192 1 figure figure VERB flr-226 192 2 4 4 NUM flr-226 192 3 . . PUNCT flr-226 193 1 regression regression VERB flr-226 193 2 weights weight NOUN flr-226 193 3 of of ADP flr-226 193 4 the the DET flr-226 193 5 mediation mediation NOUN flr-226 193 6 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 193 7 between between ADP flr-226 193 8 rot rot NOUN flr-226 193 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 193 10 art art NOUN flr-226 193 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 193 12 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 193 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 193 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 193 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 193 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 193 17 incons incon NOUN flr-226 193 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 194 1 when when SCONJ flr-226 194 2 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 194 3 grades grade NOUN flr-226 194 4 were be AUX flr-226 194 5 treated treat VERB flr-226 194 6 as as ADP flr-226 194 7 the the DET flr-226 194 8 mediating mediate VERB flr-226 194 9 variable variable NOUN flr-226 194 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 194 11 the the DET flr-226 194 12 indirect indirect ADJ flr-226 194 13 effect effect NOUN flr-226 194 14 from from ADP flr-226 194 15 rot rot VERB flr-226 194 16 through through ADP flr-226 194 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 194 18 grades grade NOUN flr-226 194 19 to to ADP flr-226 194 20 vast vast ADJ flr-226 194 21 - - PUNCT flr-226 194 22 incons incon NOUN flr-226 194 23 was be AUX flr-226 194 24 significant significant ADJ flr-226 194 25 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 194 26 p= p= NOUN flr-226 194 27 .042 .042 NUM flr-226 194 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 194 29 , , PUNCT flr-226 194 30 and and CCONJ flr-226 194 31 so so ADV flr-226 194 32 was be AUX flr-226 194 33 the the DET flr-226 194 34 mediating mediating NOUN flr-226 194 35 path path NOUN flr-226 194 36 from from ADP flr-226 194 37 art art NOUN flr-226 194 38 through through ADP flr-226 194 39 school school NOUN flr-226 194 40 grades grade NOUN flr-226 194 41 to to ADP flr-226 194 42 vast vast ADJ flr-226 194 43 - - PUNCT flr-226 194 44 incons incon NOUN flr-226 194 45 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 194 46 p= p= NOUN flr-226 194 47 .025 .025 NUM flr-226 194 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 194 49 . . PUNCT flr-226 195 1 inspection inspection NOUN flr-226 195 2 of of ADP flr-226 195 3 the the DET flr-226 195 4 direct direct ADJ flr-226 195 5 effects effect NOUN flr-226 195 6 showed show VERB flr-226 195 7 that that SCONJ flr-226 195 8 the the DET flr-226 195 9 relation relation NOUN flr-226 195 10 between between ADP flr-226 195 11 rot rot NOUN flr-226 195 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 195 13 the the DET flr-226 195 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 195 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 195 16 icons icon NOUN flr-226 195 17 was be AUX flr-226 195 18 completely completely ADV flr-226 195 19 mediated mediate VERB flr-226 195 20 by by ADP flr-226 195 21 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 195 22 grades grade NOUN flr-226 195 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 195 24 for for ADP flr-226 195 25 the the DET flr-226 195 26 path path NOUN flr-226 195 27 between between ADP flr-226 195 28 rot rot NOUN flr-226 195 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 195 30 vast vast ADJ flr-226 195 31 - - PUNCT flr-226 195 32 incons incon NOUN flr-226 195 33 p= p= NOUN flr-226 195 34 .086 .086 NUM flr-226 195 35 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 195 36 , , PUNCT flr-226 195 37 whereas whereas SCONJ flr-226 195 38 the the DET flr-226 195 39 relation relation NOUN flr-226 195 40 between between ADP flr-226 195 41 art art NOUN flr-226 195 42 and and CCONJ flr-226 195 43 the the DET flr-226 195 44 vast vast ADJ flr-226 195 45 - - PUNCT flr-226 195 46 incons incon NOUN flr-226 195 47 was be AUX flr-226 195 48 partially partially ADV flr-226 195 49 mediated mediate VERB flr-226 195 50 by by ADP flr-226 195 51 grades grade NOUN flr-226 195 52 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 195 53 p= p= PROPN flr-226 195 54 .048 .048 NUM flr-226 195 55 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 195 56 . . PUNCT flr-226 196 1 the the DET flr-226 196 2 final final ADJ flr-226 196 3 model model NOUN flr-226 196 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 5 after after ADP flr-226 196 6 eliminating eliminate VERB flr-226 196 7 the the DET flr-226 196 8 direct direct ADJ flr-226 196 9 relation relation NOUN flr-226 196 10 between between ADP flr-226 196 11 rot rot NOUN flr-226 196 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 196 13 the the DET flr-226 196 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 196 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 196 16 incons incon NOUN flr-226 196 17 did do AUX flr-226 196 18 not not PART flr-226 196 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 20 however however ADV flr-226 196 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 22 show show VERB flr-226 196 23 a a DET flr-226 196 24 good good ADJ flr-226 196 25 fit fit NOUN flr-226 196 26 [ [ X flr-226 196 27 χ2 χ2 NOUN flr-226 196 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 196 29 1)= 1)= NUM flr-226 196 30 3.431 3.431 NUM flr-226 196 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 32 p= p= NOUN flr-226 196 33 .06 .06 NUM flr-226 196 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 35 cfi= cfi= NOUN flr-226 196 36 .942 .942 NUM flr-226 196 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 38 standardized standardize VERB flr-226 196 39 rmr= rmr= PROPN flr-226 196 40 .05 .05 NUM flr-226 196 41 ] ] PUNCT flr-226 196 42 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 43 since since SCONJ flr-226 196 44 the the DET flr-226 196 45 value value NOUN flr-226 196 46 of of ADP flr-226 196 47 χ2 χ2 PROPN flr-226 196 48 / / SYM flr-226 196 49 df df PROPN flr-226 196 50 exceeded exceed VERB flr-226 196 51 the the DET flr-226 196 52 value value NOUN flr-226 196 53 of of ADP flr-226 196 54 3 3 NUM flr-226 196 55 , , PUNCT flr-226 196 56 and and CCONJ flr-226 196 57 model model NOUN flr-226 196 58 ’s ’s NOUN flr-226 196 59 p p NOUN flr-226 196 60 value value NOUN flr-226 196 61 was be AUX flr-226 196 62 statistically statistically ADV flr-226 196 63 significant significant ADJ flr-226 196 64 . . PUNCT flr-226 197 1 to to PART flr-226 197 2 conclude conclude VERB flr-226 197 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 197 4 summarize summarize VERB flr-226 197 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 197 6 the the DET flr-226 197 7 results result NOUN flr-226 197 8 of of ADP flr-226 197 9 the the DET flr-226 197 10 mediation mediation NOUN flr-226 197 11 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 197 12 confirmed confirm VERB flr-226 197 13 the the DET flr-226 197 14 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 197 15 that that DET flr-226 197 16 performance performance NOUN flr-226 197 17 on on ADP flr-226 197 18 the the DET flr-226 197 19 vast vast ADJ flr-226 197 20 - - PUNCT flr-226 197 21 incons incon NOUN flr-226 197 22 will will AUX flr-226 197 23 be be AUX flr-226 197 24 mediated mediate VERB flr-226 197 25 by by ADP flr-226 197 26 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 197 27 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 197 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 197 29 particularly particularly ADV flr-226 197 30 when when SCONJ flr-226 197 31 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 197 32     SPACE flr-226 197 33 et et PROPN flr-226 197 34     SPACE flr-226 197 35 al al PROPN flr-226 197 36                     SPACE flr-226 197 37 52 52 NUM flr-226 197 38     SPACE flr-226 197 39 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 197 40 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 197 41 was be AUX flr-226 197 42 measured measure VERB flr-226 197 43 by by ADP flr-226 197 44 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 197 45 . . PUNCT flr-226 198 1 in in ADP flr-226 198 2 addition addition NOUN flr-226 198 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 198 4 the the DET flr-226 198 5 model model NOUN flr-226 198 6 with with ADP flr-226 198 7 the the DET flr-226 198 8 best good ADJ flr-226 198 9 fit fit NOUN flr-226 198 10 still still ADV flr-226 198 11 retained retain VERB flr-226 198 12 the the DET flr-226 198 13 direct direct ADJ flr-226 198 14 relation relation NOUN flr-226 198 15 between between ADP flr-226 198 16 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 198 17 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 198 18 as as SCONJ flr-226 198 19 measured measure VERB flr-226 198 20 by by ADP flr-226 198 21 art art NOUN flr-226 198 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 198 23 the the DET flr-226 198 24 vast vast ADJ flr-226 198 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 198 26 incons incon NOUN flr-226 198 27 . . PUNCT flr-226 199 1 4 4 X flr-226 199 2 . . X flr-226 199 3 discussion discussion VERB flr-226 199 4 our our PRON flr-226 199 5 main main ADJ flr-226 199 6 purpose purpose NOUN flr-226 199 7 in in ADP flr-226 199 8 this this DET flr-226 199 9 study study NOUN flr-226 199 10 was be AUX flr-226 199 11 to to PART flr-226 199 12 develop develop VERB flr-226 199 13 and and CCONJ flr-226 199 14 validate validate VERB flr-226 199 15 a a DET flr-226 199 16 task task NOUN flr-226 199 17 that that PRON flr-226 199 18 could could AUX flr-226 199 19 distinguish distinguish VERB flr-226 199 20 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 199 21 - - PUNCT flr-226 199 22 spatial spatial NOUN flr-226 199 23 from from ADP flr-226 199 24 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 199 25 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 199 26 in in ADP flr-226 199 27 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 199 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 200 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 200 2 mentioned mention VERB flr-226 200 3 in in ADP flr-226 200 4 the the DET flr-226 200 5 introduction introduction NOUN flr-226 200 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 200 7 there there PRON flr-226 200 8 have have AUX flr-226 200 9 been be AUX flr-226 200 10 several several ADJ flr-226 200 11 attempts attempt NOUN flr-226 200 12 so so ADV flr-226 200 13 far far ADV flr-226 200 14 to to PART flr-226 200 15 develop develop VERB flr-226 200 16 tasks task NOUN flr-226 200 17 that that PRON flr-226 200 18 capture capture VERB flr-226 200 19 the the DET flr-226 200 20 change change NOUN flr-226 200 21 from from ADP flr-226 200 22 the the DET flr-226 200 23 visual visual NOUN flr-226 200 24 to to ADP flr-226 200 25 the the DET flr-226 200 26 descriptive descriptive ADJ flr-226 200 27 / / SYM flr-226 200 28 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 200 29 level level NOUN flr-226 200 30 in in ADP flr-226 200 31 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 200 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 201 1 these these DET flr-226 201 2 previous previous ADJ flr-226 201 3 attempts attempt NOUN flr-226 201 4 were be AUX flr-226 201 5 not not PART flr-226 201 6 very very ADV flr-226 201 7 successful successful ADJ flr-226 201 8 because because SCONJ flr-226 201 9 they they PRON flr-226 201 10 were be AUX flr-226 201 11 based base VERB flr-226 201 12 on on ADP flr-226 201 13 the the DET flr-226 201 14 recall recall NOUN flr-226 201 15 or or CCONJ flr-226 201 16 recognition recognition NOUN flr-226 201 17 of of ADP flr-226 201 18 definitions definition NOUN flr-226 201 19 of of ADP flr-226 201 20 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 201 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 201 22 their their PRON flr-226 201 23 properties property NOUN flr-226 201 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 201 25 did do AUX flr-226 201 26 not not PART flr-226 201 27 require require VERB flr-226 201 28 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 201 29 based base VERB flr-226 201 30 on on ADP flr-226 201 31 relational relational ADJ flr-226 201 32 properties property NOUN flr-226 201 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 201 34 and/or and/or CCONJ flr-226 201 35 did do AUX flr-226 201 36 not not PART flr-226 201 37 require require VERB flr-226 201 38 the the DET flr-226 201 39 application application NOUN flr-226 201 40 of of ADP flr-226 201 41 formal formal ADJ flr-226 201 42 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 201 43 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 201 44 in in ADP flr-226 201 45 novel novel ADJ flr-226 201 46 situations situation NOUN flr-226 201 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 202 1 the the DET flr-226 202 2 vast vast ADJ flr-226 202 3 differs differ VERB flr-226 202 4 substantially substantially ADV flr-226 202 5 from from ADP flr-226 202 6 these these DET flr-226 202 7 previous previous ADJ flr-226 202 8 attempts attempt NOUN flr-226 202 9 because because SCONJ flr-226 202 10 it it PRON flr-226 202 11 avoids avoid VERB flr-226 202 12 the the DET flr-226 202 13 typical typical ADJ flr-226 202 14 geometrystyle geometrystyle NOUN flr-226 202 15 problems problem NOUN flr-226 202 16 that that PRON flr-226 202 17 impose impose VERB flr-226 202 18 an an DET flr-226 202 19 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 202 20 solution solution NOUN flr-226 202 21 method method NOUN flr-226 202 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 202 23 because because SCONJ flr-226 202 24 it it PRON flr-226 202 25 consists consist VERB flr-226 202 26 of of ADP flr-226 202 27 tasks task NOUN flr-226 202 28 that that PRON flr-226 202 29 can can AUX flr-226 202 30 be be AUX flr-226 202 31 solved solve VERB flr-226 202 32 using use VERB flr-226 202 33 either either CCONJ flr-226 202 34 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 202 35 - - PUNCT flr-226 202 36 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 202 37 or or CCONJ flr-226 202 38 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 202 39 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 202 40 . . PUNCT flr-226 203 1 the the DET flr-226 203 2 greatest great ADJ flr-226 203 3 advantage advantage NOUN flr-226 203 4 of of ADP flr-226 203 5 vast vast ADJ flr-226 203 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 203 7 compared compare VERB flr-226 203 8 to to ADP flr-226 203 9 previous previous ADJ flr-226 203 10 tests test NOUN flr-226 203 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 203 12 is be AUX flr-226 203 13 that that SCONJ flr-226 203 14 it it PRON flr-226 203 15 focuses focus VERB flr-226 203 16 specifically specifically ADV flr-226 203 17 on on ADP flr-226 203 18 the the DET flr-226 203 19 antagonism antagonism NOUN flr-226 203 20 between between ADP flr-226 203 21 the the DET flr-226 203 22 two two NUM flr-226 203 23 substantially substantially ADV flr-226 203 24 different different ADJ flr-226 203 25 types type NOUN flr-226 203 26 of of ADP flr-226 203 27 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 203 28 in in ADP flr-226 203 29 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 203 30 and and CCONJ flr-226 203 31 allows allow VERB flr-226 203 32 us we PRON flr-226 203 33 to to PART flr-226 203 34 check check VERB flr-226 203 35 individuals individual NOUN flr-226 203 36 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 203 37 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 203 38 to to PART flr-226 203 39 spontaneously spontaneously ADV flr-226 203 40 choose choose VERB flr-226 203 41 and and CCONJ flr-226 203 42 adequately adequately ADV flr-226 203 43 apply apply VERB flr-226 203 44 the the DET flr-226 203 45 correct correct ADJ flr-226 203 46 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 203 47 . . PUNCT flr-226 204 1 finally finally ADV flr-226 204 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 204 3 the the DET flr-226 204 4 vast vast ADJ flr-226 204 5 investigates investigate VERB flr-226 204 6 the the DET flr-226 204 7 ability ability NOUN flr-226 204 8 to to PART flr-226 204 9 use use VERB flr-226 204 10 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 204 11 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 204 12 in in ADP flr-226 204 13 situations situation NOUN flr-226 204 14 where where SCONJ flr-226 204 15 the the DET flr-226 204 16 visual visual ADJ flr-226 204 17 element element NOUN flr-226 204 18 plays play VERB flr-226 204 19 quite quite DET flr-226 204 20 a a DET flr-226 204 21 central central ADJ flr-226 204 22 role role NOUN flr-226 204 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 204 24 where where SCONJ flr-226 204 25 visual visual ADJ flr-226 204 26 information information NOUN flr-226 204 27 processing processing NOUN flr-226 204 28 must must AUX flr-226 204 29 be be AUX flr-226 204 30 inhibited inhibit VERB flr-226 204 31 in in ADP flr-226 204 32 favour favour NOUN flr-226 204 33 of of ADP flr-226 204 34 formal formal ADJ flr-226 204 35 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 204 36 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 204 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 205 1 the the DET flr-226 205 2 results result NOUN flr-226 205 3 of of ADP flr-226 205 4 the the DET flr-226 205 5 present present ADJ flr-226 205 6 study study NOUN flr-226 205 7 showed show VERB flr-226 205 8 that that SCONJ flr-226 205 9 the the DET flr-226 205 10 vast vast ADJ flr-226 205 11 consists consist NOUN flr-226 205 12 of of ADP flr-226 205 13 items item NOUN flr-226 205 14 that that PRON flr-226 205 15 have have VERB flr-226 205 16 good good ADJ flr-226 205 17 internal internal ADJ flr-226 205 18 consistency consistency NOUN flr-226 205 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 206 1 most most ADV flr-226 206 2 importantly importantly ADV flr-226 206 3 the the DET flr-226 206 4 results result NOUN flr-226 206 5 show show VERB flr-226 206 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 206 7 the the DET flr-226 206 8 vast vast NOUN flr-226 206 9 is be AUX flr-226 206 10 a a DET flr-226 206 11 valid valid ADJ flr-226 206 12 test test NOUN flr-226 206 13 because because SCONJ flr-226 206 14 it it PRON flr-226 206 15 can can AUX flr-226 206 16 differentiate differentiate VERB flr-226 206 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 206 18 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 206 19 from from ADP flr-226 206 20 students student NOUN flr-226 206 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 206 22 because because SCONJ flr-226 206 23 it it PRON flr-226 206 24 correlates correlate VERB flr-226 206 25 highly highly ADV flr-226 206 26 with with ADP flr-226 206 27 other other ADJ flr-226 206 28 tests test NOUN flr-226 206 29 of of ADP flr-226 206 30 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 206 31 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 206 32 and and CCONJ flr-226 206 33 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 206 34 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 206 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 207 1 4.1 4.1 NUM flr-226 207 2 are be AUX flr-226 207 3 the the DET flr-226 207 4 differences difference NOUN flr-226 207 5 in in ADP flr-226 207 6 vast vast ADJ flr-226 207 7 performance performance NOUN flr-226 207 8 related relate VERB flr-226 207 9 to to ADP flr-226 207 10 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 207 11 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 207 12 ? ? PUNCT flr-226 208 1 despite despite SCONJ flr-226 208 2 small small ADJ flr-226 208 3 differences difference NOUN flr-226 208 4 in in ADP flr-226 208 5 the the DET flr-226 208 6 ease ease NOUN flr-226 208 7 or or CCONJ flr-226 208 8 difficulty difficulty NOUN flr-226 208 9 of of ADP flr-226 208 10 the the DET flr-226 208 11 solution solution NOUN flr-226 208 12 of of ADP flr-226 208 13 individual individual ADJ flr-226 208 14 items item NOUN flr-226 208 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 208 16 the the DET flr-226 208 17 main main ADJ flr-226 208 18 pattern pattern NOUN flr-226 208 19 of of ADP flr-226 208 20 results result NOUN flr-226 208 21 was be AUX flr-226 208 22 the the DET flr-226 208 23 same same ADJ flr-226 208 24 : : PUNCT flr-226 208 25 the the DET flr-226 208 26 items item NOUN flr-226 208 27 in in ADP flr-226 208 28 the the DET flr-226 208 29 vast vast ADJ flr-226 208 30 - - PUNCT flr-226 208 31 cons con NOUN flr-226 208 32 that that PRON flr-226 208 33 could could AUX flr-226 208 34 be be AUX flr-226 208 35 solved solve VERB flr-226 208 36 correctly correctly ADV flr-226 208 37 using use VERB flr-226 208 38 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 208 39 - - PUNCT flr-226 208 40 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 208 41 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 208 42 were be AUX flr-226 208 43 much much ADV flr-226 208 44 easier easy ADJ flr-226 208 45 for for ADP flr-226 208 46 all all DET flr-226 208 47 participants participant NOUN flr-226 208 48 than than ADP flr-226 208 49 the the DET flr-226 208 50 items item NOUN flr-226 208 51 in in ADP flr-226 208 52 the the DET flr-226 208 53 vast vast ADJ flr-226 208 54 - - PUNCT flr-226 208 55 incons incon NOUN flr-226 208 56 which which PRON flr-226 208 57 required require VERB flr-226 208 58 the the DET flr-226 208 59 use use NOUN flr-226 208 60 of of ADP flr-226 208 61 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 208 62 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 208 63 and and CCONJ flr-226 208 64 the the DET flr-226 208 65 inhibition inhibition NOUN flr-226 208 66 of of ADP flr-226 208 67 the the DET flr-226 208 68 visual visual ADJ flr-226 208 69 element element NOUN flr-226 208 70 . . PUNCT flr-226 209 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 209 2 predicted predict VERB flr-226 209 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 209 4 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 209 5 2 2 NUM flr-226 209 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 209 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 209 8 the the DET flr-226 209 9 math math NOUN flr-226 209 10 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 209 11 were be AUX flr-226 209 12 able able ADJ flr-226 209 13 to to PART flr-226 209 14 solve solve VERB flr-226 209 15 both both CCONJ flr-226 209 16 the the DET flr-226 209 17 vast vast ADJ flr-226 209 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 209 19 cons con NOUN flr-226 209 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 209 21 the the DET flr-226 209 22 vast vast ADJ flr-226 209 23 - - PUNCT flr-226 209 24 incons incon NOUN flr-226 209 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 210 1 this this DET flr-226 210 2 result result NOUN flr-226 210 3 suggests suggest VERB flr-226 210 4 that that SCONJ flr-226 210 5 the the DET flr-226 210 6 math math NOUN flr-226 210 7 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 210 8 have have VERB flr-226 210 9 access access NOUN flr-226 210 10 to to ADP flr-226 210 11 both both DET flr-226 210 12 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 210 13 - - PUNCT flr-226 210 14 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 210 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 210 16 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 210 17 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 210 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 211 1 on on ADP flr-226 211 2 the the DET flr-226 211 3 contrary contrary NOUN flr-226 211 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 211 5 the the DET flr-226 211 6 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 211 7 grade grade NOUN flr-226 211 8 students student NOUN flr-226 211 9 could could AUX flr-226 211 10 easily easily ADV flr-226 211 11 solve solve VERB flr-226 211 12 only only ADV flr-226 211 13 the the DET flr-226 211 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 211 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 211 16 cons con NOUN flr-226 211 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 211 18 but but CCONJ flr-226 211 19 had have VERB flr-226 211 20 great great ADJ flr-226 211 21 difficulty difficulty NOUN flr-226 211 22 with with ADP flr-226 211 23 the the DET flr-226 211 24 vast vast ADJ flr-226 211 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 211 26 incons incon NOUN flr-226 211 27 . . PUNCT flr-226 212 1 this this DET flr-226 212 2 finding finding NOUN flr-226 212 3 indicates indicate VERB flr-226 212 4 that that SCONJ flr-226 212 5 the the DET flr-226 212 6 students student NOUN flr-226 212 7 relied rely VERB flr-226 212 8 predominantly predominantly ADV flr-226 212 9 on on ADP flr-226 212 10 visuospatial visuospatial ADJ flr-226 212 11 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 212 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 212 13 had have VERB flr-226 212 14 difficulty difficulty NOUN flr-226 212 15 in in ADP flr-226 212 16 employing employ VERB flr-226 212 17 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 212 18 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 212 19 when when SCONJ flr-226 212 20 required require VERB flr-226 212 21 by by ADP flr-226 212 22 the the DET flr-226 212 23 task task NOUN flr-226 212 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 212 25 further far ADV flr-226 212 26 confirming confirm VERB flr-226 212 27 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 212 28 2 2 NUM flr-226 212 29 . . PUNCT flr-226 213 1 the the DET flr-226 213 2 finding finding NOUN flr-226 213 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 213 4 there there PRON flr-226 213 5 were be VERB flr-226 213 6 systematic systematic ADJ flr-226 213 7 differences difference NOUN flr-226 213 8 in in ADP flr-226 213 9 the the DET flr-226 213 10 performance performance NOUN flr-226 213 11 of of ADP flr-226 213 12 the the DET flr-226 213 13 math math NOUN flr-226 213 14 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 213 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 213 16 the the DET flr-226 213 17 students student NOUN flr-226 213 18 -the -the DET flr-226 213 19 math math PROPN flr-226 213 20 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 213 21 performed perform VERB flr-226 213 22 well well ADV flr-226 213 23 in in ADP flr-226 213 24 both both CCONJ flr-226 213 25 the the DET flr-226 213 26 vast vast ADJ flr-226 213 27 - - PUNCT flr-226 213 28 cons con NOUN flr-226 213 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 213 30 the the DET flr-226 213 31 vast vast ADJ flr-226 213 32 - - PUNCT flr-226 213 33 incons incon NOUN flr-226 213 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 213 35 but but CCONJ flr-226 213 36 the the DET flr-226 213 37 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 213 38 grade grade NOUN flr-226 213 39 students student NOUN flr-226 213 40 were be AUX flr-226 213 41 able able ADJ flr-226 213 42 to to PART flr-226 213 43 perform perform VERB flr-226 213 44 well well ADV flr-226 213 45 only only ADV flr-226 213 46 in in ADP flr-226 213 47 the the DET flr-226 213 48 vast vast ADJ flr-226 213 49 - - PUNCT flr-226 213 50 cons con NOUN flr-226 213 51 -supports -support VERB flr-226 213 52 the the DET flr-226 213 53 argument argument NOUN flr-226 213 54 that that SCONJ flr-226 213 55 the the DET flr-226 213 56 use use NOUN flr-226 213 57 of of ADP flr-226 213 58 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 213 59 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 213 60 is be AUX flr-226 213 61 related relate VERB flr-226 213 62 to to ADP flr-226 213 63 the the DET flr-226 213 64 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 213 65 of of ADP flr-226 213 66 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 213 67 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 213 68 . . PUNCT flr-226 214 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 214 2 explained explain VERB flr-226 214 3 in in ADP flr-226 214 4 the the DET flr-226 214 5 introduction introduction NOUN flr-226 214 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 214 7 if if SCONJ flr-226 214 8 the the DET flr-226 214 9 differences difference NOUN flr-226 214 10 in in ADP flr-226 214 11 vast vast ADJ flr-226 214 12 performance performance NOUN flr-226 214 13 were be AUX flr-226 214 14 due due ADJ flr-226 214 15 to to ADP flr-226 214 16 individual individual ADJ flr-226 214 17 differences difference NOUN flr-226 214 18 in in ADP flr-226 214 19 strategy strategy NOUN flr-226 214 20 use use NOUN flr-226 214 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 214 22 then then ADV flr-226 214 23 we we PRON flr-226 214 24 should should AUX flr-226 214 25 expect expect VERB flr-226 214 26 some some DET flr-226 214 27 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 214 28 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 214 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 214 30 some some DET flr-226 214 31 students student NOUN flr-226 214 32 to to PART flr-226 214 33 perform perform VERB flr-226 214 34 well well ADV flr-226 214 35 in in ADP flr-226 214 36 the the DET flr-226 214 37 vast vast ADJ flr-226 214 38 - - PUNCT flr-226 214 39 cons con NOUN flr-226 214 40 and and CCONJ flr-226 214 41 others other NOUN flr-226 214 42 in in ADP flr-226 214 43 the the DET flr-226 214 44 vastincons vastincon NOUN flr-226 214 45 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 214 46 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 214 47 3 3 NUM flr-226 214 48 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 214 49 . . PUNCT flr-226 215 1 this this PRON flr-226 215 2 was be AUX flr-226 215 3 not not PART flr-226 215 4 however however ADV flr-226 215 5 the the DET flr-226 215 6 case case NOUN flr-226 215 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 216 1 the the DET flr-226 216 2 items item NOUN flr-226 216 3 in in ADP flr-226 216 4 the the DET flr-226 216 5 vast vast ADJ flr-226 216 6 - - PUNCT flr-226 216 7 incons incon NOUN flr-226 216 8 were be AUX flr-226 216 9 systematically systematically ADV flr-226 216 10 more more ADV flr-226 216 11 difficult difficult ADJ flr-226 216 12 than than ADP flr-226 216 13 the the DET flr-226 216 14 items item NOUN flr-226 216 15 in in ADP flr-226 216 16 the the DET flr-226 216 17 vast vast ADJ flr-226 216 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 216 19 cons con NOUN flr-226 216 20 both both PRON flr-226 216 21 for for ADP flr-226 216 22 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 216 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 216 24 for for ADP flr-226 216 25 students student NOUN flr-226 216 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 217 1 moreover moreover ADV flr-226 217 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 217 3 the the DET flr-226 217 4 students student NOUN flr-226 217 5 performed perform VERB flr-226 217 6 well well ADV flr-226 217 7 only only ADV flr-226 217 8 in in ADP flr-226 217 9 the the DET flr-226 217 10 vast vast ADJ flr-226 217 11 - - PUNCT flr-226 217 12 cons con NOUN flr-226 217 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 217 14 indicating indicate VERB flr-226 217 15 that that SCONJ flr-226 217 16 the the DET flr-226 217 17 majority majority NOUN flr-226 217 18 of of ADP flr-226 217 19 the the DET flr-226 217 20 students student NOUN flr-226 217 21 were be AUX flr-226 217 22 able able ADJ flr-226 217 23 to to PART flr-226 217 24 successfully successfully ADV flr-226 217 25 apply apply VERB flr-226 217 26 only only ADV flr-226 217 27 simple simple ADJ flr-226 217 28 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 217 29 - - PUNCT flr-226 217 30 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 217 31 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 217 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 218 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 218 2     SPACE flr-226 218 3 et et PROPN flr-226 218 4     SPACE flr-226 218 5 al al PROPN flr-226 218 6                     SPACE flr-226 218 7 53 53 NUM flr-226 218 8     SPACE flr-226 218 9 additional additional ADJ flr-226 218 10 evidence evidence NOUN flr-226 218 11 in in ADP flr-226 218 12 favour favour NOUN flr-226 218 13 of of ADP flr-226 218 14 the the DET flr-226 218 15 interpretation interpretation NOUN flr-226 218 16 that that SCONJ flr-226 218 17 the the DET flr-226 218 18 use use NOUN flr-226 218 19 of of ADP flr-226 218 20 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 218 21 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 218 22 requiring require VERB flr-226 218 23 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 218 24 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 218 25 in in ADP flr-226 218 26 the the DET flr-226 218 27 vast vast ADJ flr-226 218 28 - - PUNCT flr-226 218 29 inconsistent inconsistent ADJ flr-226 218 30 sub sub NOUN flr-226 218 31 - - NOUN flr-226 218 32 scale scale NOUN flr-226 218 33 comes come VERB flr-226 218 34 from from ADP flr-226 218 35 the the DET flr-226 218 36 results result NOUN flr-226 218 37 of of ADP flr-226 218 38 the the DET flr-226 218 39 mediation mediation NOUN flr-226 218 40 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 218 41 which which PRON flr-226 218 42 showed show VERB flr-226 218 43 that that SCONJ flr-226 218 44 relations relation NOUN flr-226 218 45 between between ADP flr-226 218 46 performance performance NOUN flr-226 218 47 in in ADP flr-226 218 48 the the DET flr-226 218 49 rot rot NOUN flr-226 218 50 and and CCONJ flr-226 218 51 the the DET flr-226 218 52 vastinconsistent vastinconsistent NOUN flr-226 218 53 subscale subscale NOUN flr-226 218 54 was be AUX flr-226 218 55 completely completely ADV flr-226 218 56 mediated mediate VERB flr-226 218 57 by by ADP flr-226 218 58 performance performance NOUN flr-226 218 59 in in ADP flr-226 218 60 the the DET flr-226 218 61 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 218 62 . . PUNCT flr-226 219 1 this this PRON flr-226 219 2 means mean VERB flr-226 219 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 219 4 high high ADJ flr-226 219 5 performance performance NOUN flr-226 219 6 in in ADP flr-226 219 7 the the DET flr-226 219 8 vastinconsistent vastinconsistent NOUN flr-226 219 9 scale scale NOUN flr-226 219 10 requires require VERB flr-226 219 11 not not PART flr-226 219 12 just just ADV flr-226 219 13 domain domain NOUN flr-226 219 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 219 15 general general ADJ flr-226 219 16 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 219 17 skills skill NOUN flr-226 219 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 219 19 but but CCONJ flr-226 219 20 domain domain NOUN flr-226 219 21 - - PUNCT flr-226 219 22 specific specific ADJ flr-226 219 23 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 219 24 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 219 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 219 26 ability ability NOUN flr-226 219 27 to to PART flr-226 219 28 use use VERB flr-226 219 29 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 219 30 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 219 31 in in ADP flr-226 219 32 a a DET flr-226 219 33 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 219 34 context context NOUN flr-226 219 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 220 1 the the DET flr-226 220 2 results result NOUN flr-226 220 3 showed show VERB flr-226 220 4 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 220 5 individual individual ADJ flr-226 220 6 differences difference NOUN flr-226 220 7 in in ADP flr-226 220 8 the the DET flr-226 220 9 performance performance NOUN flr-226 220 10 of of ADP flr-226 220 11 the the DET flr-226 220 12 students student NOUN flr-226 220 13 in in ADP flr-226 220 14 the the DET flr-226 220 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 220 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 220 17 incons incon NOUN flr-226 220 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 221 1 these these DET flr-226 221 2 differences difference NOUN flr-226 221 3 seem seem VERB flr-226 221 4 to to PART flr-226 221 5 be be AUX flr-226 221 6 related relate VERB flr-226 221 7 to to ADP flr-226 221 8 differences difference NOUN flr-226 221 9 in in ADP flr-226 221 10 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 221 11 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 221 12 within within ADP flr-226 221 13 the the DET flr-226 221 14 student student NOUN flr-226 221 15 group group NOUN flr-226 221 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 222 1 this this DET flr-226 222 2 conclusion conclusion NOUN flr-226 222 3 can can AUX flr-226 222 4 be be AUX flr-226 222 5 deduced deduce VERB flr-226 222 6 from from ADP flr-226 222 7 the the DET flr-226 222 8 high high ADJ flr-226 222 9 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 222 10 that that PRON flr-226 222 11 were be AUX flr-226 222 12 obtained obtain VERB flr-226 222 13 between between ADP flr-226 222 14 performance performance NOUN flr-226 222 15 in in ADP flr-226 222 16 the the DET flr-226 222 17 vast vast ADJ flr-226 222 18 - - PUNCT flr-226 222 19 incons incon NOUN flr-226 222 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 222 21 performance performance NOUN flr-226 222 22 in in ADP flr-226 222 23 the the DET flr-226 222 24 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 222 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 222 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 222 27 gg gg PROPN flr-226 222 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 222 29 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 222 30 4 4 NUM flr-226 222 31 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 222 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 223 1 students student NOUN flr-226 223 2 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 223 3 performance performance NOUN flr-226 223 4 in in ADP flr-226 223 5 the the DET flr-226 223 6 vast vast ADJ flr-226 223 7 - - PUNCT flr-226 223 8 cons con NOUN flr-226 223 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 223 10 assumed assume VERB flr-226 223 11 ability ability NOUN flr-226 223 12 to to PART flr-226 223 13 apply apply VERB flr-226 223 14 simple simple ADJ flr-226 223 15 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 223 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 223 17 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 223 18 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 223 19 did do AUX flr-226 223 20 not not PART flr-226 223 21 correlate correlate VERB flr-226 223 22 significantly significantly ADV flr-226 223 23 with with ADP flr-226 223 24 their their PRON flr-226 223 25 gg gg NOUN flr-226 223 26 or or CCONJ flr-226 223 27 with with ADP flr-226 223 28 their their PRON flr-226 223 29 performance performance NOUN flr-226 223 30 in in ADP flr-226 223 31 the the DET flr-226 223 32 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 223 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 223 34 confirming confirm VERB flr-226 223 35 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 223 36 4 4 NUM flr-226 223 37 , , PUNCT flr-226 223 38 namely namely ADV flr-226 223 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 223 40 that that SCONJ flr-226 223 41 this this DET flr-226 223 42 performance performance NOUN flr-226 223 43 does do AUX flr-226 223 44 not not PART flr-226 223 45 necessarily necessarily ADV flr-226 223 46 require require VERB flr-226 223 47 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 223 48 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 223 49 . . PUNCT flr-226 224 1 4.2 4.2 NUM flr-226 224 2 what what PRON flr-226 224 3 is be AUX flr-226 224 4 the the DET flr-226 224 5 contribution contribution NOUN flr-226 224 6 of of ADP flr-226 224 7 the the DET flr-226 224 8 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 224 9 skills skill NOUN flr-226 224 10 involved involve VERB flr-226 224 11 in in ADP flr-226 224 12 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 224 13 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 224 14 in in ADP flr-226 224 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 224 16 performance performance NOUN flr-226 224 17 ? ? PUNCT flr-226 225 1 the the DET flr-226 225 2 results result NOUN flr-226 225 3 of of ADP flr-226 225 4 the the DET flr-226 225 5 present present ADJ flr-226 225 6 study study NOUN flr-226 225 7 showed show VERB flr-226 225 8 high high ADJ flr-226 225 9 correlations correlation NOUN flr-226 225 10 between between ADP flr-226 225 11 performance performance NOUN flr-226 225 12 in in ADP flr-226 225 13 the the DET flr-226 225 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 225 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 225 16 cons con NOUN flr-226 225 17 and and CCONJ flr-226 225 18 the the DET flr-226 225 19 vast vast ADJ flr-226 225 20 - - PUNCT flr-226 225 21 incons incon NOUN flr-226 225 22 with with ADP flr-226 225 23 both both PRON flr-226 225 24 rot rot VERB flr-226 225 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 225 26 art art NOUN flr-226 225 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 225 28 confirming confirm VERB flr-226 225 29 the the DET flr-226 225 30 prediction prediction NOUN flr-226 225 31 that that SCONJ flr-226 225 32 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 225 33 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 225 34 as as SCONJ flr-226 225 35 measured measure VERB flr-226 225 36 by by ADP flr-226 225 37 tests test NOUN flr-226 225 38 of of ADP flr-226 225 39 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 225 40 - - PUNCT flr-226 225 41 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 225 42 and and CCONJ flr-226 225 43 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 225 44 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 225 45 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 225 46 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 225 47 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 225 48 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 225 49 contributes contribute VERB flr-226 225 50 to to ADP flr-226 225 51 students student NOUN flr-226 225 52 ’ ' PUNCT flr-226 225 53 performance performance NOUN flr-226 225 54 in in ADP flr-226 225 55 both both DET flr-226 225 56 scales scale NOUN flr-226 225 57 of of ADP flr-226 225 58 the the DET flr-226 225 59 vast vast NOUN flr-226 225 60 . . PUNCT flr-226 226 1 however however ADV flr-226 226 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 226 3 performance performance NOUN flr-226 226 4 in in ADP flr-226 226 5 the the DET flr-226 226 6 vast vast ADJ flr-226 226 7 - - PUNCT flr-226 226 8 incons incon NOUN flr-226 226 9 was be AUX flr-226 226 10 also also ADV flr-226 226 11 highly highly ADV flr-226 226 12 correlated correlate VERB flr-226 226 13 with with ADP flr-226 226 14 performance performance NOUN flr-226 226 15 in in ADP flr-226 226 16 the the DET flr-226 226 17 test test NOUN flr-226 226 18 of of ADP flr-226 226 19 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 226 20 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 226 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 226 22 the the DET flr-226 226 23 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 226 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 226 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 226 26 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 226 27 grades grade NOUN flr-226 226 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 227 1 most most ADV flr-226 227 2 importantly importantly ADV flr-226 227 3 the the DET flr-226 227 4 results result NOUN flr-226 227 5 of of ADP flr-226 227 6 the the DET flr-226 227 7 stepwise stepwise PROPN flr-226 227 8 regression regression NOUN flr-226 227 9 confirmed confirm VERB flr-226 227 10 that that SCONJ flr-226 227 11 when when SCONJ flr-226 227 12 the the DET flr-226 227 13 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 227 14 performance performance NOUN flr-226 227 15 was be AUX flr-226 227 16 inserted insert VERB flr-226 227 17 in in ADP flr-226 227 18 the the DET flr-226 227 19 last last ADJ flr-226 227 20 step step NOUN flr-226 227 21 of of ADP flr-226 227 22 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 227 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 227 24 the the DET flr-226 227 25 contribution contribution NOUN flr-226 227 26 of of ADP flr-226 227 27 rot rot NOUN flr-226 227 28 and and CCONJ flr-226 227 29 art art NOUN flr-226 227 30 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 227 31 which which PRON flr-226 227 32 were be AUX flr-226 227 33 statistically statistically ADV flr-226 227 34 significant significant ADJ flr-226 227 35 in in ADP flr-226 227 36 the the DET flr-226 227 37 previous previous ADJ flr-226 227 38 steps step NOUN flr-226 227 39 of of ADP flr-226 227 40 the the DET flr-226 227 41 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 227 42 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 227 43 , , PUNCT flr-226 227 44 became become VERB flr-226 227 45 nonor nonor NOUN flr-226 227 46 marginally marginally ADV flr-226 227 47 significant significant ADJ flr-226 227 48 . . PUNCT flr-226 228 1 furthermore furthermore ADV flr-226 228 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 228 3 when when SCONJ flr-226 228 4 a a DET flr-226 228 5 mediation mediation NOUN flr-226 228 6 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 228 7 was be AUX flr-226 228 8 applied apply VERB flr-226 228 9 on on ADP flr-226 228 10 the the DET flr-226 228 11 data datum NOUN flr-226 228 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 228 13 the the DET flr-226 228 14 previously previously ADV flr-226 228 15 significant significant ADJ flr-226 228 16 direct direct ADJ flr-226 228 17 relations relation NOUN flr-226 228 18 between between ADP flr-226 228 19 performance performance NOUN flr-226 228 20 in in ADP flr-226 228 21 the the DET flr-226 228 22 vast vast ADJ flr-226 228 23 - - PUNCT flr-226 228 24 incons incon NOUN flr-226 228 25 and and CCONJ flr-226 228 26 rot rot NOUN flr-226 228 27 were be AUX flr-226 228 28 mediated mediate VERB flr-226 228 29 by by ADP flr-226 228 30 the the DET flr-226 228 31 students student NOUN flr-226 228 32 ’ ’ PART flr-226 228 33 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 228 34 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 228 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 228 36 as as SCONJ flr-226 228 37 measured measure VERB flr-226 228 38 by by ADP flr-226 228 39 performance performance NOUN flr-226 228 40 in in ADP flr-226 228 41 the the DET flr-226 228 42 csgt csgt NOUN flr-226 228 43 . . PUNCT flr-226 229 1 since since SCONJ flr-226 229 2 the the DET flr-226 229 3 direct direct ADJ flr-226 229 4 relations relation NOUN flr-226 229 5 between between ADP flr-226 229 6 art art NOUN flr-226 229 7 and and CCONJ flr-226 229 8 vast vast ADJ flr-226 229 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 229 10 incons incon NOUN flr-226 229 11 were be AUX flr-226 229 12 not not PART flr-226 229 13 eliminated eliminate VERB flr-226 229 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 229 15 however however ADV flr-226 229 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 229 17 it it PRON flr-226 229 18 might might AUX flr-226 229 19 be be AUX flr-226 229 20 the the DET flr-226 229 21 case case NOUN flr-226 229 22 that that SCONJ flr-226 229 23 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 229 24 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 229 25 are be AUX flr-226 229 26 directly directly ADV flr-226 229 27 contributing contribute VERB flr-226 229 28 to to ADP flr-226 229 29 performance performance NOUN flr-226 229 30 in in ADP flr-226 229 31 the the DET flr-226 229 32 vast vast ADJ flr-226 229 33 - - PUNCT flr-226 229 34 incons incon NOUN flr-226 229 35 . . PUNCT flr-226 230 1 to to PART flr-226 230 2 sum sum VERB flr-226 230 3 up up ADP flr-226 230 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 230 5 the the DET flr-226 230 6 results result NOUN flr-226 230 7 indicate indicate VERB flr-226 230 8 that that SCONJ flr-226 230 9 the the DET flr-226 230 10 correct correct ADJ flr-226 230 11 use use NOUN flr-226 230 12 of of ADP flr-226 230 13 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 230 14 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 230 15 can can AUX flr-226 230 16 not not PART flr-226 230 17 be be AUX flr-226 230 18 explained explain VERB flr-226 230 19 only only ADV flr-226 230 20 on on ADP flr-226 230 21 the the DET flr-226 230 22 basis basis NOUN flr-226 230 23 of of ADP flr-226 230 24 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 230 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 230 26 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 230 27 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 230 28 and and CCONJ flr-226 230 29 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 230 30 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 230 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 230 32 i.e. i.e. X flr-226 230 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 230 34 the the DET flr-226 230 35 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 230 36 skills skill NOUN flr-226 230 37 that that PRON flr-226 230 38 comprise comprise VERB flr-226 230 39 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 230 40 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 230 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 230 42 but but CCONJ flr-226 230 43 requires require VERB flr-226 230 44 the the DET flr-226 230 45 accumulation accumulation NOUN flr-226 230 46 of of ADP flr-226 230 47 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 230 48 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 230 49 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 230 50 . . PUNCT flr-226 231 1 4.3 4.3 NUM flr-226 231 2 implications implication NOUN flr-226 231 3 for for ADP flr-226 231 4 a a DET flr-226 231 5 theory theory NOUN flr-226 231 6 of of ADP flr-226 231 7 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 231 8 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 231 9 one one NUM flr-226 231 10 of of ADP flr-226 231 11 the the DET flr-226 231 12 main main ADJ flr-226 231 13 reasons reason NOUN flr-226 231 14 we we PRON flr-226 231 15 developed develop VERB flr-226 231 16 the the DET flr-226 231 17 vast vast ADJ flr-226 231 18 was be AUX flr-226 231 19 in in ADP flr-226 231 20 order order NOUN flr-226 231 21 to to PART flr-226 231 22 show show VERB flr-226 231 23 that that SCONJ flr-226 231 24 the the DET flr-226 231 25 learning learning NOUN flr-226 231 26 of of ADP flr-226 231 27 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 231 28 requires require VERB flr-226 231 29 significant significant ADJ flr-226 231 30 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 231 31 changes change NOUN flr-226 231 32 to to PART flr-226 231 33 take take VERB flr-226 231 34 place place NOUN flr-226 231 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 231 36 and and CCONJ flr-226 231 37 that that DET flr-226 231 38 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 231 39 - - PUNCT flr-226 231 40 induced induce VERB flr-226 231 41 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 231 42 changes change NOUN flr-226 231 43 culminate culminate NOUN flr-226 231 44 in in ADP flr-226 231 45 the the DET flr-226 231 46 ability ability NOUN flr-226 231 47 to to PART flr-226 231 48 use use VERB flr-226 231 49 formal formal ADJ flr-226 231 50 , , PUNCT flr-226 231 51 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 231 52 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 231 53 in in ADP flr-226 231 54 problem problem NOUN flr-226 231 55 - - PUNCT flr-226 231 56 solving solving NOUN flr-226 231 57 and and CCONJ flr-226 231 58 in in ADP flr-226 231 59 the the DET flr-226 231 60 flexible flexible ADJ flr-226 231 61 use use NOUN flr-226 231 62 of of ADP flr-226 231 63 visual visual ADJ flr-226 231 64 / / SYM flr-226 231 65 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 231 66 and and CCONJ flr-226 231 67 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 231 68 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 231 69 appropriate appropriate ADJ flr-226 231 70 in in ADP flr-226 231 71 the the DET flr-226 231 72 given give VERB flr-226 231 73 contexts contexts NOUN flr-226 231 74 . . PUNCT flr-226 232 1 the the DET flr-226 232 2 role role NOUN flr-226 232 3 of of ADP flr-226 232 4 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 232 5 here here ADV flr-226 232 6 is be AUX flr-226 232 7 quite quite ADV flr-226 232 8 crucial crucial ADJ flr-226 232 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 233 1 as as SCONJ flr-226 233 2 fischbein fischbein NOUN flr-226 233 3 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 233 4 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 233 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 233 6 stressed stress VERB flr-226 233 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 233 8 “ " PUNCT flr-226 233 9 the the DET flr-226 233 10 development development NOUN flr-226 233 11 of of ADP flr-226 233 12 figural figural ADJ flr-226 233 13 concepts concept NOUN flr-226 233 14 generally generally ADV flr-226 233 15 is be AUX flr-226 233 16 not not PART flr-226 233 17 a a DET flr-226 233 18 natural natural ADJ flr-226 233 19 process process NOUN flr-226 233 20 ” " PUNCT flr-226 233 21 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 233 22 p. p. NOUN flr-226 233 23 161 161 NUM flr-226 233 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 233 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 234 1 the the DET flr-226 234 2 present present ADJ flr-226 234 3 findings finding NOUN flr-226 234 4 support support VERB flr-226 234 5 the the DET flr-226 234 6 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN flr-226 234 7 that that PRON flr-226 234 8 the the DET flr-226 234 9 use use NOUN flr-226 234 10 of of ADP flr-226 234 11 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 234 12 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 234 13 in in ADP flr-226 234 14 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 234 15 is be AUX flr-226 234 16 not not PART flr-226 234 17 a a DET flr-226 234 18 matter matter NOUN flr-226 234 19 of of ADP flr-226 234 20 individual individual ADJ flr-226 234 21 differences difference NOUN flr-226 234 22 in in ADP flr-226 234 23 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 234 24 style style NOUN flr-226 234 25 but but CCONJ flr-226 234 26 a a DET flr-226 234 27 major major ADJ flr-226 234 28 intellectual intellectual ADJ flr-226 234 29 achievement achievement NOUN flr-226 234 30 , , PUNCT flr-226 234 31 a a DET flr-226 234 32 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 234 33 change change NOUN flr-226 234 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 234 35 which which PRON flr-226 234 36 requires require VERB flr-226 234 37 the the DET flr-226 234 38 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 234 39 of of ADP flr-226 234 40 new new ADJ flr-226 234 41 forms form NOUN flr-226 234 42 of of ADP flr-226 234 43 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 234 44 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 234 45 . . PUNCT flr-226 235 1 the the DET flr-226 235 2 application application NOUN flr-226 235 3 of of ADP flr-226 235 4 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 235 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 235 6 formal formal ADJ flr-226 235 7 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 235 8 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 235 9 in in ADP flr-226 235 10 problem problem NOUN flr-226 235 11 solving solving NOUN flr-226 235 12 does do AUX flr-226 235 13 not not PART flr-226 235 14 mean mean VERB flr-226 235 15 that that SCONJ flr-226 235 16 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 235 17 - - PUNCT flr-226 235 18 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 235 19 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 235 20 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 235 21 disappears disappear VERB flr-226 235 22 . . PUNCT flr-226 236 1 the the DET flr-226 236 2 fact fact NOUN flr-226 236 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 236 4 the the DET flr-226 236 5 math math NOUN flr-226 236 6 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 236 7 could could AUX flr-226 236 8 easily easily ADV flr-226 236 9 solve solve VERB flr-226 236 10 the the DET flr-226 236 11 items item NOUN flr-226 236 12 in in ADP flr-226 236 13 the the DET flr-226 236 14 vast vast ADJ flr-226 236 15 - - PUNCT flr-226 236 16 cons con NOUN flr-226 236 17 suggests suggest VERB flr-226 236 18 that that SCONJ flr-226 236 19 they they PRON flr-226 236 20 still still ADV flr-226 236 21 had have VERB flr-226 236 22 access access NOUN flr-226 236 23 to to ADP flr-226 236 24 visual visual ADJ flr-226 236 25 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 236 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 237 1 this this DET flr-226 237 2 issue issue NOUN flr-226 237 3 needs need VERB flr-226 237 4 to to PART flr-226 237 5 be be AUX flr-226 237 6 investigated investigate VERB flr-226 237 7 further far ADV flr-226 237 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 237 9 however however ADV flr-226 237 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 237 11 in in ADP flr-226 237 12 view view NOUN flr-226 237 13 of of ADP flr-226 237 14 the the DET flr-226 237 15 fact fact NOUN flr-226 237 16 that that SCONJ flr-226 237 17 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 237 18 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 237 19 could could AUX flr-226 237 20 be be AUX flr-226 237 21 used use VERB flr-226 237 22 in in ADP flr-226 237 23 the the DET flr-226 237 24 vast vast ADJ flr-226 237 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 237 26 cons con NOUN flr-226 237 27 also also ADV flr-226 237 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 238 1 finally finally ADV flr-226 238 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 238 3 a a DET flr-226 238 4 great great ADJ flr-226 238 5 deal deal NOUN flr-226 238 6 more more ADJ flr-226 238 7 research research NOUN flr-226 238 8 is be AUX flr-226 238 9 also also ADV flr-226 238 10 required require VERB flr-226 238 11 to to PART flr-226 238 12 investigate investigate VERB flr-226 238 13 the the DET flr-226 238 14 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN flr-226 238 15 of of ADP flr-226 238 16 the the DET flr-226 238 17 ft ft NOUN flr-226 238 18 according accord VERB flr-226 238 19 to to ADP flr-226 238 20 which which PRON flr-226 238 21 the the DET flr-226 238 22 kospentaris kospentaris NOUN flr-226 238 23     SPACE flr-226 238 24 et et PROPN flr-226 238 25     SPACE flr-226 238 26 al al PROPN flr-226 238 27                     SPACE flr-226 238 28 54 54 NUM flr-226 238 29     SPACE flr-226 238 30 processes process NOUN flr-226 238 31 of of ADP flr-226 238 32 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 238 33 of of ADP flr-226 238 34 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 238 35 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 238 36 are be AUX flr-226 238 37 slow slow ADJ flr-226 238 38 and and CCONJ flr-226 238 39 gradual gradual ADJ flr-226 238 40 rather rather ADV flr-226 238 41 than than ADP flr-226 238 42 sudden sudden ADJ flr-226 238 43 or or CCONJ flr-226 238 44 stage stage NOUN flr-226 238 45 - - PUNCT flr-226 238 46 like like ADJ flr-226 238 47 , , PUNCT flr-226 238 48 and and CCONJ flr-226 238 49 that that SCONJ flr-226 238 50 these these DET flr-226 238 51 processes process NOUN flr-226 238 52 can can AUX flr-226 238 53 give give VERB flr-226 238 54 rise rise NOUN flr-226 238 55 to to ADP flr-226 238 56 fragmentation fragmentation NOUN flr-226 238 57 and and CCONJ flr-226 238 58 synthetic synthetic ADJ flr-226 238 59 models model NOUN flr-226 238 60 . . PUNCT flr-226 239 1 4.4 4.4 NUM flr-226 239 2 implications implication NOUN flr-226 239 3 for for ADP flr-226 239 4 learning learning NOUN flr-226 239 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 239 6 instruction instruction VERB flr-226 239 7 the the DET flr-226 239 8 low low ADJ flr-226 239 9 performance performance NOUN flr-226 239 10 of of ADP flr-226 239 11 the the DET flr-226 239 12 students student NOUN flr-226 239 13 in in ADP flr-226 239 14 the the DET flr-226 239 15 vast vast ADJ flr-226 239 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 239 17 incons incon NOUN flr-226 239 18 after after ADP flr-226 239 19 almost almost ADV flr-226 239 20 five five NUM flr-226 239 21 years year NOUN flr-226 239 22 of of ADP flr-226 239 23 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 239 24 in in ADP flr-226 239 25 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 239 26 supports support VERB flr-226 239 27 the the DET flr-226 239 28 argument argument NOUN flr-226 239 29 that that SCONJ flr-226 239 30 the the DET flr-226 239 31 systematic systematic ADJ flr-226 239 32 use use NOUN flr-226 239 33 of of ADP flr-226 239 34 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 239 35 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 239 36 is be AUX flr-226 239 37 a a DET flr-226 239 38 major major ADJ flr-226 239 39 intellectual intellectual ADJ flr-226 239 40 achievement achievement NOUN flr-226 239 41 that that PRON flr-226 239 42 requires require VERB flr-226 239 43 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 239 44 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 239 45 changes change NOUN flr-226 239 46 . . PUNCT flr-226 240 1 it it PRON flr-226 240 2 should should AUX flr-226 240 3 be be AUX flr-226 240 4 added add VERB flr-226 240 5 here here ADV flr-226 240 6 that that SCONJ flr-226 240 7 the the DET flr-226 240 8 11th 11th ADJ flr-226 240 9 grade grade NOUN flr-226 240 10 students student NOUN flr-226 240 11 were be AUX flr-226 240 12 in in ADP flr-226 240 13 their their PRON flr-226 240 14 5th 5th ADJ flr-226 240 15 year year NOUN flr-226 240 16 of of ADP flr-226 240 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 240 18 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 240 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 240 20 they they PRON flr-226 240 21 had have AUX flr-226 240 22 completed complete VERB flr-226 240 23 a a DET flr-226 240 24 two two NUM flr-226 240 25 year year NOUN flr-226 240 26 course course NOUN flr-226 240 27 in in ADP flr-226 240 28 plane plane NOUN flr-226 240 29 eucleadian eucleadian NOUN flr-226 240 30 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 240 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 240 32 which which PRON flr-226 240 33 was be AUX flr-226 240 34 taught teach VERB flr-226 240 35 in in ADP flr-226 240 36 a a DET flr-226 240 37 formal formal ADJ flr-226 240 38 manner manner NOUN flr-226 240 39 and and CCONJ flr-226 240 40 accompanied accompany VERB flr-226 240 41 by by ADP flr-226 240 42 many many ADJ flr-226 240 43 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 240 44 problems problem NOUN flr-226 240 45 to to PART flr-226 240 46 be be AUX flr-226 240 47 solved solve VERB flr-226 240 48 , , PUNCT flr-226 240 49 and and CCONJ flr-226 240 50 that that SCONJ flr-226 240 51 they they PRON flr-226 240 52 had have VERB flr-226 240 53 an an DET flr-226 240 54 additional additional ADJ flr-226 240 55 year year NOUN flr-226 240 56 ’s ’s PART flr-226 240 57 course course NOUN flr-226 240 58 in in ADP flr-226 240 59 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 240 60 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 240 61 designed design VERB flr-226 240 62 for for ADP flr-226 240 63 students student NOUN flr-226 240 64 opting opt VERB flr-226 240 65 for for ADP flr-226 240 66 university university NOUN flr-226 240 67 study study NOUN flr-226 240 68 in in ADP flr-226 240 69 stem stem NOUN flr-226 240 70 subjects subject NOUN flr-226 240 71 . . PUNCT flr-226 241 1 consequently consequently ADV flr-226 241 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 241 3 all all DET flr-226 241 4 the the DET flr-226 241 5 students student NOUN flr-226 241 6 had have AUX flr-226 241 7 been be AUX flr-226 241 8 taught teach VERB flr-226 241 9 the the DET flr-226 241 10 formulae formulae ADJ flr-226 241 11 and and CCONJ flr-226 241 12 theorems theorem NOUN flr-226 241 13 required require VERB flr-226 241 14 to to PART flr-226 241 15 answer answer VERB flr-226 241 16 correctly correctly ADV flr-226 241 17 all all DET flr-226 241 18 the the DET flr-226 241 19 vast vast ADJ flr-226 241 20 items item NOUN flr-226 241 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 241 22 both both CCONJ flr-226 241 23 in in ADP flr-226 241 24 the the DET flr-226 241 25 consistent consistent ADJ flr-226 241 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 241 27 inconsistent inconsistent ADJ flr-226 241 28 sub sub NOUN flr-226 241 29 - - NOUN flr-226 241 30 scales scale NOUN flr-226 241 31 . . PUNCT flr-226 242 1 thus thus ADV flr-226 242 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 242 3 we we PRON flr-226 242 4 can can AUX flr-226 242 5 conclude conclude VERB flr-226 242 6 from from ADP flr-226 242 7 the the DET flr-226 242 8 above above ADV flr-226 242 9 that that SCONJ flr-226 242 10 it it PRON flr-226 242 11 is be AUX flr-226 242 12 possible possible ADJ flr-226 242 13 to to PART flr-226 242 14 have have AUX flr-226 242 15 acquired acquire VERB flr-226 242 16 a a DET flr-226 242 17 great great ADJ flr-226 242 18 deal deal NOUN flr-226 242 19 of of ADP flr-226 242 20 school school NOUN flr-226 242 21 - - PUNCT flr-226 242 22 type type NOUN flr-226 242 23 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 242 24 in in ADP flr-226 242 25 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 242 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 242 27 not not PART flr-226 242 28 yet yet ADV flr-226 242 29 function function VERB flr-226 242 30 at at ADP flr-226 242 31 an an DET flr-226 242 32 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 242 33 level level NOUN flr-226 242 34 in in ADP flr-226 242 35 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 242 36 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 242 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 243 1 although although SCONJ flr-226 243 2 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 243 3 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 243 4 focuses focus VERB flr-226 243 5 almost almost ADV flr-226 243 6 exclusively exclusively ADV flr-226 243 7 on on ADP flr-226 243 8 the the DET flr-226 243 9 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 243 10 of of ADP flr-226 243 11 formal formal ADJ flr-226 243 12 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 243 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 243 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 243 15 the the DET flr-226 243 16 application application NOUN flr-226 243 17 of of ADP flr-226 243 18 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 243 19 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 243 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 243 21 it it PRON flr-226 243 22 does do AUX flr-226 243 23 not not PART flr-226 243 24 seem seem VERB flr-226 243 25 to to PART flr-226 243 26 be be AUX flr-226 243 27 very very ADV flr-226 243 28 successful successful ADJ flr-226 243 29 in in ADP flr-226 243 30 transferring transfer VERB flr-226 243 31 to to ADP flr-226 243 32 situations situation NOUN flr-226 243 33 different different ADJ flr-226 243 34 from from ADP flr-226 243 35 the the DET flr-226 243 36 narrow narrow ADJ flr-226 243 37 school school NOUN flr-226 243 38 context context NOUN flr-226 243 39 in in ADP flr-226 243 40 which which PRON flr-226 243 41 it it PRON flr-226 243 42 is be AUX flr-226 243 43 taught teach VERB flr-226 243 44 and and CCONJ flr-226 243 45 in in ADP flr-226 243 46 producing produce VERB flr-226 243 47 the the DET flr-226 243 48 necessary necessary ADJ flr-226 243 49 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 243 50 changes change NOUN flr-226 243 51 . . PUNCT flr-226 244 1 this this DET flr-226 244 2 situation situation NOUN flr-226 244 3 is be AUX flr-226 244 4 similar similar ADJ flr-226 244 5 to to ADP flr-226 244 6 what what PRON flr-226 244 7 is be AUX flr-226 244 8 happening happen VERB flr-226 244 9 in in ADP flr-226 244 10 other other ADJ flr-226 244 11 stem stem NOUN flr-226 244 12 domains domain NOUN flr-226 244 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 244 14 such such ADJ flr-226 244 15 as as ADP flr-226 244 16 physics physics NOUN flr-226 244 17 or or CCONJ flr-226 244 18 chemistry chemistry NOUN flr-226 244 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 244 20 where where SCONJ flr-226 244 21 school school NOUN flr-226 244 22 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 244 23 often often ADV flr-226 244 24 fails fail VERB flr-226 244 25 to to PART flr-226 244 26 produce produce VERB flr-226 244 27 the the DET flr-226 244 28 necessary necessary ADJ flr-226 244 29 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 244 30 changes change NOUN flr-226 244 31 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 244 32 e.g. e.g. ADV flr-226 244 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 244 34 clement clement NOUN flr-226 244 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 244 36 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 244 37 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 244 38 disessa disessa PROPN flr-226 244 39 , , PUNCT flr-226 244 40 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 244 41 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 244 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 245 1 we we PRON flr-226 245 2 hope hope VERB flr-226 245 3 that that SCONJ flr-226 245 4 the the DET flr-226 245 5 present present ADJ flr-226 245 6 findings finding NOUN flr-226 245 7 will will AUX flr-226 245 8 further far ADV flr-226 245 9 sensitize sensitize VERB flr-226 245 10 educators educator NOUN flr-226 245 11 of of ADP flr-226 245 12 the the DET flr-226 245 13 need need NOUN flr-226 245 14 to to PART flr-226 245 15 develop develop VERB flr-226 245 16 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 245 17 that that PRON flr-226 245 18 emphasizes emphasize VERB flr-226 245 19 not not PART flr-226 245 20 the the DET flr-226 245 21 recall recall NOUN flr-226 245 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 245 23 rigid rigid ADJ flr-226 245 24 application application NOUN flr-226 245 25 of of ADP flr-226 245 26 formal formal ADJ flr-226 245 27 definitions definition NOUN flr-226 245 28 and and CCONJ flr-226 245 29 rules rule NOUN flr-226 245 30 but but CCONJ flr-226 245 31 the the DET flr-226 245 32 constructive constructive ADJ flr-226 245 33 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 34 dynamic dynamic ADJ flr-226 245 35 activities activity NOUN flr-226 245 36 of of ADP flr-226 245 37 students student NOUN flr-226 245 38 that that PRON flr-226 245 39 can can AUX flr-226 245 40 help help VERB flr-226 245 41 them they PRON flr-226 245 42 understand understand VERB flr-226 245 43 how how SCONJ flr-226 245 44 formal formal ADJ flr-226 245 45 definitions definition NOUN flr-226 245 46 fit fit VERB flr-226 245 47 with with ADP flr-226 245 48 their their PRON flr-226 245 49 visualspatial visualspatial ADJ flr-226 245 50 experiences experience NOUN flr-226 245 51 and and CCONJ flr-226 245 52 representations representation NOUN flr-226 245 53 of of ADP flr-226 245 54 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 245 55 shapes shape NOUN flr-226 245 56 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 245 57 fischbein fischbein ADJ flr-226 245 58 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 59 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 245 60 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 245 61 kilpatrick kilpatrick PROPN flr-226 245 62 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 63 hoyles hoyle NOUN flr-226 245 64 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 65 skovsmose skovsmose NOUN flr-226 245 66 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 67 & & CCONJ flr-226 245 68 valero valero PROPN flr-226 245 69 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 70 2005 2005 NUM flr-226 245 71 ; ; PUNCT flr-226 245 72 lehrer lehrer PROPN flr-226 245 73 jenkins jenkins PROPN flr-226 245 74 & & CCONJ flr-226 245 75 osana osana PROPN flr-226 245 76 , , PUNCT flr-226 245 77 1998 1998 NUM flr-226 245 78 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 245 79 . . PUNCT flr-226 246 1 4.5 4.5 NUM flr-226 246 2 limitations limitation NOUN flr-226 246 3 of of ADP flr-226 246 4 the the DET flr-226 246 5 present present ADJ flr-226 246 6 study study NOUN flr-226 246 7 and and CCONJ flr-226 246 8 future future ADJ flr-226 246 9 research research NOUN flr-226 246 10 the the DET flr-226 246 11 present present ADJ flr-226 246 12 work work NOUN flr-226 246 13 has have VERB flr-226 246 14 a a DET flr-226 246 15 number number NOUN flr-226 246 16 of of ADP flr-226 246 17 limitations limitation NOUN flr-226 246 18 and and CCONJ flr-226 246 19 leaves leave VERB flr-226 246 20 several several ADJ flr-226 246 21 open open ADJ flr-226 246 22 questions question NOUN flr-226 246 23 to to PART flr-226 246 24 be be AUX flr-226 246 25 answered answer VERB flr-226 246 26 by by ADP flr-226 246 27 future future ADJ flr-226 246 28 research research NOUN flr-226 246 29 . . PUNCT flr-226 247 1 first first ADV flr-226 247 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 247 3 the the DET flr-226 247 4 sample sample NOUN flr-226 247 5 of of ADP flr-226 247 6 the the DET flr-226 247 7 present present ADJ flr-226 247 8 study study NOUN flr-226 247 9 is be AUX flr-226 247 10 small small ADJ flr-226 247 11 when when SCONJ flr-226 247 12 attempting attempt VERB flr-226 247 13 to to PART flr-226 247 14 validate validate VERB flr-226 247 15 a a DET flr-226 247 16 new new ADJ flr-226 247 17 measure measure NOUN flr-226 247 18 such such ADJ flr-226 247 19 as as ADP flr-226 247 20 the the DET flr-226 247 21 vast vast ADJ flr-226 247 22 and and CCONJ flr-226 247 23 therefore therefore ADV flr-226 247 24 the the DET flr-226 247 25 results result NOUN flr-226 247 26 presented present VERB flr-226 247 27 in in ADP flr-226 247 28 this this DET flr-226 247 29 exploratory exploratory ADJ flr-226 247 30 study study NOUN flr-226 247 31 need need VERB flr-226 247 32 to to PART flr-226 247 33 be be AUX flr-226 247 34 replicated replicate VERB flr-226 247 35 with with ADP flr-226 247 36 larger large ADJ flr-226 247 37 samples sample NOUN flr-226 247 38 and and CCONJ flr-226 247 39 more more ADJ flr-226 247 40 age age NOUN flr-226 247 41 groups group NOUN flr-226 247 42 . . PUNCT flr-226 248 1 in in ADP flr-226 248 2 addition addition NOUN flr-226 248 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 248 4 reaction reaction NOUN flr-226 248 5 time time NOUN flr-226 248 6 studies study NOUN flr-226 248 7 as as ADV flr-226 248 8 well well ADV flr-226 248 9 as as ADP flr-226 248 10 use use NOUN flr-226 248 11 of of ADP flr-226 248 12 qualitative qualitative ADJ flr-226 248 13 methods method NOUN flr-226 248 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 248 15 such such ADJ flr-226 248 16 as as ADP flr-226 248 17 interviews interview NOUN flr-226 248 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 248 19 think think ADJ flr-226 248 20 - - PUNCT flr-226 248 21 aloud aloud ADJ flr-226 248 22 protocols protocol NOUN flr-226 248 23 and and CCONJ flr-226 248 24 eye eye NOUN flr-226 248 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 248 26 movement movement NOUN flr-226 248 27 tracking tracking NOUN flr-226 248 28 could could AUX flr-226 248 29 be be AUX flr-226 248 30 used use VERB flr-226 248 31 to to PART flr-226 248 32 further far ADV flr-226 248 33 validate validate VERB flr-226 248 34 the the DET flr-226 248 35 vast vast ADJ flr-226 248 36 . . PUNCT flr-226 249 1 although although SCONJ flr-226 249 2 performance performance NOUN flr-226 249 3 in in ADP flr-226 249 4 the the DET flr-226 249 5 vast vast ADJ flr-226 249 6 differentiates differentiate NOUN flr-226 249 7 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 249 8 from from ADP flr-226 249 9 experts expert NOUN flr-226 249 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 249 11 is be AUX flr-226 249 12 related relate VERB flr-226 249 13 to to ADP flr-226 249 14 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 249 15 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 249 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 249 17 the the DET flr-226 249 18 results result NOUN flr-226 249 19 do do AUX flr-226 249 20 not not PART flr-226 249 21 provide provide VERB flr-226 249 22 information information NOUN flr-226 249 23 about about ADP flr-226 249 24 how how SCONJ flr-226 249 25 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 249 26 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 249 27 in in ADP flr-226 249 28 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 249 29 actually actually ADV flr-226 249 30 develops develop VERB flr-226 249 31 . . PUNCT flr-226 250 1 developmental developmental ADJ flr-226 250 2 research research NOUN flr-226 250 3 is be AUX flr-226 250 4 needed need VERB flr-226 250 5 to to PART flr-226 250 6 further far ADV flr-226 250 7 examine examine VERB flr-226 250 8 the the DET flr-226 250 9 hypotheses hypothesis NOUN flr-226 250 10 of of ADP flr-226 250 11 the the DET flr-226 250 12 ft ft NOUN flr-226 250 13 that that DET flr-226 250 14 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 250 15 acquisition acquisition NOUN flr-226 250 16 in in ADP flr-226 250 17 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 250 18 is be AUX flr-226 250 19 a a DET flr-226 250 20 continuous continuous ADJ flr-226 250 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 250 22 not not PART flr-226 250 23 a a DET flr-226 250 24 stage stage NOUN flr-226 250 25 - - PUNCT flr-226 250 26 like like ADJ flr-226 250 27 process process NOUN flr-226 250 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 250 29 during during ADP flr-226 250 30 which which PRON flr-226 250 31 fragmentation fragmentation NOUN flr-226 250 32 and and CCONJ flr-226 250 33 synthetic synthetic ADJ flr-226 250 34 conceptions conception NOUN flr-226 250 35 are be AUX flr-226 250 36 formed form VERB flr-226 250 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 251 1 future future ADJ flr-226 251 2 research research NOUN flr-226 251 3 needs need VERB flr-226 251 4 to to PART flr-226 251 5 also also ADV flr-226 251 6 investigate investigate VERB flr-226 251 7 the the DET flr-226 251 8 contribution contribution NOUN flr-226 251 9 of of ADP flr-226 251 10 intellectual intellectual ADJ flr-226 251 11 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 251 12 and and CCONJ flr-226 251 13 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 251 14 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 251 15 to to ADP flr-226 251 16 vast vast ADJ flr-226 251 17 performance performance NOUN flr-226 251 18 by by ADP flr-226 251 19 administering administer VERB flr-226 251 20 additional additional ADJ flr-226 251 21 tests test NOUN flr-226 251 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 251 23 such such ADJ flr-226 251 24 as as ADP flr-226 251 25 a a DET flr-226 251 26 propositional propositional ADJ flr-226 251 27 test test NOUN flr-226 251 28 measuring measure VERB flr-226 251 29 verbal verbal ADJ flr-226 251 30 analytical analytical ADJ flr-226 251 31 skills skill NOUN flr-226 251 32 , , PUNCT flr-226 251 33 measures measure NOUN flr-226 251 34 of of ADP flr-226 251 35 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 251 36 - - PUNCT flr-226 251 37 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 251 38 and and CCONJ flr-226 251 39 phonological phonological ADJ flr-226 251 40 memory memory NOUN flr-226 251 41 , , PUNCT flr-226 251 42 speed speed NOUN flr-226 251 43 of of ADP flr-226 251 44 processing processing NOUN flr-226 251 45 and and CCONJ flr-226 251 46 executive executive ADJ flr-226 251 47 function function NOUN flr-226 251 48 , , PUNCT flr-226 251 49 as as ADV flr-226 251 50 well well ADV flr-226 251 51 as as ADP flr-226 251 52 measures measure NOUN flr-226 251 53 of of ADP flr-226 251 54 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 251 55 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 251 56 . . PUNCT flr-226 252 1 results result NOUN flr-226 252 2 from from ADP flr-226 252 3 these these DET flr-226 252 4 tests test NOUN flr-226 252 5 could could AUX flr-226 252 6 be be AUX flr-226 252 7 used use VERB flr-226 252 8 as as ADP flr-226 252 9 co co NOUN flr-226 252 10 - - NOUN flr-226 252 11 variates variate NOUN flr-226 252 12 in in ADP flr-226 252 13 order order NOUN flr-226 252 14 to to PART flr-226 252 15 reduce reduce VERB flr-226 252 16 as as ADV flr-226 252 17 much much ADJ flr-226 252 18 as as ADP flr-226 252 19 possible possible ADJ flr-226 252 20 the the DET flr-226 252 21 effect effect NOUN flr-226 252 22 of of ADP flr-226 252 23 individual individual ADJ flr-226 252 24 differences difference NOUN flr-226 252 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 253 1 last last ADJ flr-226 253 2 but but CCONJ flr-226 253 3 not not PART flr-226 253 4 least least ADJ flr-226 253 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 253 6 the the DET flr-226 253 7 relation relation NOUN flr-226 253 8 between between ADP flr-226 253 9 individual individual ADJ flr-226 253 10 differences difference NOUN flr-226 253 11 in in ADP flr-226 253 12 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 253 13 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 253 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 253 15 the the DET flr-226 253 16 use use NOUN flr-226 253 17 of of ADP flr-226 253 18 visual visual ADJ flr-226 253 19 and and CCONJ flr-226 253 20 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 253 21 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 253 22 in in ADP flr-226 253 23 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 253 24 needs need VERB flr-226 253 25 to to PART flr-226 253 26 be be AUX flr-226 253 27 investigated investigate VERB flr-226 253 28 further far ADV flr-226 253 29 , , PUNCT flr-226 253 30 preferably preferably ADV flr-226 253 31 using use VERB flr-226 253 32 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ flr-226 253 33 designs design NOUN flr-226 253 34 . . PUNCT flr-226 254 1 if if SCONJ flr-226 254 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 254 3 as as SCONJ flr-226 254 4 we we PRON flr-226 254 5 claim claim VERB flr-226 254 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 254 7 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 254 8 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 254 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 254 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 254 11 possibly possibly ADV flr-226 254 12 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 254 13 in in ADP flr-226 254 14 other other ADJ flr-226 254 15 domains domain NOUN flr-226 254 16 of of ADP flr-226 254 17 stem stem NOUN flr-226 254 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 254 19 requires require VERB flr-226 254 20 the the DET flr-226 254 21 eventual eventual ADJ flr-226 254 22 development development NOUN flr-226 254 23 of of ADP flr-226 254 24 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 254 25 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 254 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 254 27 why why SCONJ flr-226 254 28 are be AUX flr-226 254 29 individuals individual NOUN flr-226 254 30 who who PRON flr-226 254 31 are be AUX flr-226 254 32 good good ADJ flr-226 254 33 in in ADP flr-226 254 34 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 254 35 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 254 36 more more ADV flr-226 254 37 successful successful ADJ flr-226 254 38 in in ADP flr-226 254 39 stem stem NOUN flr-226 254 40 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-226 254 41 than than ADP flr-226 254 42 those those PRON flr-226 254 43 who who PRON flr-226 254 44 are be AUX flr-226 254 45 not not PART flr-226 254 46 ? ? PUNCT flr-226 255 1 a a DET flr-226 255 2 possible possible ADJ flr-226 255 3 explanation explanation NOUN flr-226 255 4 of of ADP flr-226 255 5 this this DET flr-226 255 6 finding finding NOUN flr-226 255 7 may may AUX flr-226 255 8 be be AUX flr-226 255 9 that that SCONJ flr-226 255 10 individuals individual NOUN flr-226 255 11 kospentaris kospentaris VERB flr-226 255 12     SPACE flr-226 255 13 et et PROPN flr-226 255 14     SPACE flr-226 255 15 al al PROPN flr-226 255 16                     SPACE flr-226 255 17 55 55 NUM flr-226 255 18     SPACE flr-226 255 19 who who PRON flr-226 255 20 are be AUX flr-226 255 21 good good ADJ flr-226 255 22 in in ADP flr-226 255 23 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 255 24 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 255 25 find find VERB flr-226 255 26 it it PRON flr-226 255 27 easier easy ADJ flr-226 255 28 to to PART flr-226 255 29 do do VERB flr-226 255 30 well well ADV flr-226 255 31 in in ADP flr-226 255 32 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 255 33 early early ADV flr-226 255 34 on on ADV flr-226 255 35 , , PUNCT flr-226 255 36 before before SCONJ flr-226 255 37 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 255 38 changes change NOUN flr-226 255 39 in in ADP flr-226 255 40 this this DET flr-226 255 41 domain domain NOUN flr-226 255 42 require require VERB flr-226 255 43 the the DET flr-226 255 44 development development NOUN flr-226 255 45 of of ADP flr-226 255 46 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 255 47 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 255 48 based base VERB flr-226 255 49 on on ADP flr-226 255 50 formal formal ADJ flr-226 255 51 , , PUNCT flr-226 255 52 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 255 53 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 255 54 . . PUNCT flr-226 256 1 maybe maybe ADV flr-226 256 2 because because SCONJ flr-226 256 3 of of ADP flr-226 256 4 these these DET flr-226 256 5 early early ADJ flr-226 256 6 successes success NOUN flr-226 256 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 256 8 these these DET flr-226 256 9 students student NOUN flr-226 256 10 develop develop VERB flr-226 256 11 an an DET flr-226 256 12 interest interest NOUN flr-226 256 13 in in ADP flr-226 256 14 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 256 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 256 16 or or CCONJ flr-226 256 17 other other ADJ flr-226 256 18 stem stem NOUN flr-226 256 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 256 20 related relate VERB flr-226 256 21 disciplines discipline NOUN flr-226 256 22 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 256 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 256 24 spend spend VERB flr-226 256 25 more more ADJ flr-226 256 26 time time NOUN flr-226 256 27 studying study VERB flr-226 256 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 256 29 and and CCONJ flr-226 256 30 thus thus ADV flr-226 256 31 eventually eventually ADV flr-226 256 32 undergo undergo VERB flr-226 256 33 the the DET flr-226 256 34 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 256 35 changes change NOUN flr-226 256 36 and and CCONJ flr-226 256 37 develop develop VERB flr-226 256 38 the the DET flr-226 256 39 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 256 40 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 256 41 required require VERB flr-226 256 42 for for ADP flr-226 256 43 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 256 44 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 256 45 . . PUNCT flr-226 257 1 this this DET flr-226 257 2 conjecture conjecture NOUN flr-226 257 3 is be AUX flr-226 257 4 consistent consistent ADJ flr-226 257 5 with with ADP flr-226 257 6 the the DET flr-226 257 7 findings finding NOUN flr-226 257 8 of of ADP flr-226 257 9 the the DET flr-226 257 10 present present ADJ flr-226 257 11 study study NOUN flr-226 257 12 that that SCONJ flr-226 257 13 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 257 14 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 257 15 as as SCONJ flr-226 257 16 measured measure VERB flr-226 257 17 by by ADP flr-226 257 18 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 257 19 - - PUNCT flr-226 257 20 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 257 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 257 22 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 257 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 257 24 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 257 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 257 26 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 257 27 tests test NOUN flr-226 257 28 contributes contribute VERB flr-226 257 29 to to ADP flr-226 257 30 success success NOUN flr-226 257 31 in in ADP flr-226 257 32 the the DET flr-226 257 33 vast vast NOUN flr-226 257 34 , , PUNCT flr-226 257 35 but but CCONJ flr-226 257 36 is be AUX flr-226 257 37 rendered render VERB flr-226 257 38 insignificant insignificant ADJ flr-226 257 39 for for ADP flr-226 257 40 the the DET flr-226 257 41 vast vast ADJ flr-226 257 42 - - PUNCT flr-226 257 43 incons incon NOUN flr-226 257 44 when when SCONJ flr-226 257 45 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 257 46 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 257 47 is be AUX flr-226 257 48 taken take VERB flr-226 257 49 into into ADP flr-226 257 50 account account NOUN flr-226 257 51 . . PUNCT flr-226 258 1 this this DET flr-226 258 2 issue issue NOUN flr-226 258 3 needs need VERB flr-226 258 4 to to PART flr-226 258 5 be be AUX flr-226 258 6 further far ADV flr-226 258 7 researched research VERB flr-226 258 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 259 1 keypoints keypoint NOUN flr-226 259 2 considerable considerable ADJ flr-226 259 3 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 259 4 changes change NOUN flr-226 259 5 are be AUX flr-226 259 6 required require VERB flr-226 259 7 to to PART flr-226 259 8 go go VERB flr-226 259 9 from from ADP flr-226 259 10 visuo visuo NOUN flr-226 259 11 - - PUNCT flr-226 259 12 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 259 13 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 259 14 to to ADP flr-226 259 15 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 259 16 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 259 17 in in ADP flr-226 259 18 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 259 19 these these DET flr-226 259 20 changes change NOUN flr-226 259 21 are be AUX flr-226 259 22 related relate VERB flr-226 259 23 to to ADP flr-226 259 24 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 259 25 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 259 26 and and CCONJ flr-226 259 27 not not PART flr-226 259 28 to to AUX flr-226 259 29 individual individual ADJ flr-226 259 30 differences difference NOUN flr-226 259 31 questions question NOUN flr-226 259 32 arise arise VERB flr-226 259 33 about about ADP flr-226 259 34 the the DET flr-226 259 35 role role NOUN flr-226 259 36 of of ADP flr-226 259 37 visual visual ADJ flr-226 259 38 - - PUNCT flr-226 259 39 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 259 40 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 259 41 in in ADP flr-226 259 42 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 259 43 expertise expertise NOUN flr-226 259 44 acknowledgments acknowledgment NOUN flr-226 259 45 the the DET flr-226 259 46 research research NOUN flr-226 259 47 reported report VERB flr-226 259 48 in in ADP flr-226 259 49 this this DET flr-226 259 50 paper paper NOUN flr-226 259 51 is be AUX flr-226 259 52 supported support VERB flr-226 259 53 by by ADP flr-226 259 54 a a DET flr-226 259 55 grant grant NOUN flr-226 259 56 from from ADP flr-226 259 57 the the DET flr-226 259 58 greek greek PROPN flr-226 259 59 ministry ministry PROPN flr-226 259 60 of of ADP flr-226 259 61 education education PROPN flr-226 259 62 , , PUNCT flr-226 259 63 general general ADJ flr-226 259 64 secretariat secretariat NOUN flr-226 259 65 for for ADP flr-226 259 66 research research NOUN flr-226 259 67 and and CCONJ flr-226 259 68 technology technology NOUN flr-226 259 69 , , PUNCT flr-226 259 70 molvisedu molvisedu PROPN flr-226 259 71 , , PUNCT flr-226 259 72 thalis thalis PUNCT flr-226 259 73 – – PUNCT flr-226 259 74 aristotle aristotle PROPN flr-226 259 75 university university PROPN flr-226 259 76 of of ADP flr-226 259 77 thessaloniki thessaloniki PROPN flr-226 259 78 . . PUNCT flr-226 260 1 we we PRON flr-226 260 2 would would AUX flr-226 260 3 like like VERB flr-226 260 4 to to PART flr-226 260 5 thank thank VERB flr-226 260 6 petros petros PROPN flr-226 260 7 roussos roussos PROPN flr-226 260 8 for for ADP flr-226 260 9 helpful helpful ADJ flr-226 260 10 comments comment NOUN flr-226 260 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 261 1 references reference NOUN flr-226 261 2 battista battista PROPN flr-226 261 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 261 4 m. m. NOUN flr-226 261 5 t. t. PROPN flr-226 261 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 261 7 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 261 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 261 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 262 1 the the DET flr-226 262 2 development development NOUN flr-226 262 3 of of ADP flr-226 262 4 geometric geometric ADJ flr-226 262 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 262 6 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 262 7 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 262 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 263 1 in in ADP flr-226 263 2 f. f. PROPN flr-226 263 3 lester lester PROPN flr-226 263 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 263 5 ed ed NOUN flr-226 263 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 263 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 263 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 263 9 second second ADJ flr-226 263 10 handbook handbook NOUN flr-226 263 11 of of ADP flr-226 263 12 research research NOUN flr-226 263 13 on on ADP flr-226 263 14 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 263 15 teaching teaching NOUN flr-226 263 16 and and CCONJ flr-226 263 17 learning learning NOUN flr-226 263 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 263 19 nctm nctm ADV flr-226 263 20 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 263 21 pp pp PROPN flr-226 263 22 . . PUNCT flr-226 264 1 843 843 NUM flr-226 264 2 - - NUM flr-226 264 3 908 908 NUM flr-226 264 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 264 5 . . PUNCT flr-226 265 1 reston reston PROPN flr-226 265 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 265 3 va va PROPN flr-226 265 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 265 5 national national ADJ flr-226 265 6 council council PROPN flr-226 265 7 of of ADP flr-226 265 8 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 265 9 of of ADP flr-226 265 10 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 265 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 266 1 bodner bodner NOUN flr-226 266 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 266 3 g.m g.m PROPN flr-226 266 4 . . PROPN flr-226 266 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 266 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 266 7 guay guay PROPN flr-226 266 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 266 9 r.b r.b PROPN flr-226 266 10 . . PROPN flr-226 266 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 266 12 1997 1997 NUM flr-226 266 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 266 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 267 1 the the DET flr-226 267 2 purdue purdue ADJ flr-226 267 3 visualization visualization NOUN flr-226 267 4 of of ADP flr-226 267 5 rotations rotation NOUN flr-226 267 6 test test NOUN flr-226 267 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 268 1 the the DET flr-226 268 2 chemical chemical NOUN flr-226 268 3 educator educator NOUN flr-226 268 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 268 5 2(4 2(4 NUM flr-226 268 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 268 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 268 8 1 1 NUM flr-226 268 9 - - SYM flr-226 268 10 17 17 NUM flr-226 268 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 268 12 burger burger NOUN flr-226 268 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 268 14 w. w. PROPN flr-226 268 15 f. f. PROPN flr-226 268 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 268 17 & & CCONJ flr-226 268 18 shaughnessy shaughnessy PROPN flr-226 268 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 268 20 j. j. PROPN flr-226 268 21 m. m. PROPN flr-226 268 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 268 23 1986 1986 NUM flr-226 268 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 268 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 269 1 characterizing characterize VERB flr-226 269 2 the the DET flr-226 269 3 van van PROPN flr-226 269 4 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 269 5 levels level NOUN flr-226 269 6 of of ADP flr-226 269 7 development development NOUN flr-226 269 8 in in ADP flr-226 269 9 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 269 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 270 1 journal journal PROPN flr-226 270 2 for for ADP flr-226 270 3 research research NOUN flr-226 270 4 in in ADP flr-226 270 5 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 270 6 education education NOUN flr-226 270 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 270 8 17 17 NUM flr-226 270 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 270 10 31 31 NUM flr-226 270 11 - - SYM flr-226 270 12 48 48 NUM flr-226 270 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 271 1 csgt csgt PROPN flr-226 271 2 california california PROPN flr-226 271 3 standards standards PROPN flr-226 271 4 test test NOUN flr-226 271 5 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 271 6 sample sample NOUN flr-226 271 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 271 8 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 271 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 271 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 272 1 http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/ http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/ ADJ flr-226 272 2 documents document NOUN flr-226 272 3 / / SYM flr-226 272 4 cstrtqgeomapr15.pdf cstrtqgeomapr15.pdf PROPN flr-226 272 5 carey carey PROPN flr-226 272 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 272 7 s. s. PROPN flr-226 272 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 272 9 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 272 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 272 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 273 1 the the DET flr-226 273 2 origin origin NOUN flr-226 273 3 of of ADP flr-226 273 4 concepts concept NOUN flr-226 273 5 . . PUNCT flr-226 274 1 new new PROPN flr-226 274 2 york york PROPN flr-226 274 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 274 4 ny ny PROPN flr-226 274 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 274 6 oxford oxford PROPN flr-226 274 7 university university PROPN flr-226 274 8 press press NOUN flr-226 274 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 275 1 cheng cheng PROPN flr-226 275 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 275 3 y.l y.l PROPN flr-226 275 4 . . PROPN flr-226 275 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 275 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 275 7 mix mix PROPN flr-226 275 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 275 9 k.s k.s PROPN flr-226 275 10 . . PROPN flr-226 275 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 275 12 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 275 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 275 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 276 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 276 2 training training NOUN flr-226 276 3 improves improve VERB flr-226 276 4 children child NOUN flr-226 276 5 's 's PART flr-226 276 6 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 276 7 ability ability NOUN flr-226 276 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 277 1 journal journal NOUN flr-226 277 2 of of ADP flr-226 277 3 cognition cognition NOUN flr-226 277 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 277 5 development development NOUN flr-226 277 6 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 277 7 published publish VERB flr-226 277 8 online online ADV flr-226 277 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 277 10 september september PROPN flr-226 277 11 19 19 NUM flr-226 277 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 277 13 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 277 14 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 277 15 . . PUNCT flr-226 278 1 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15248372.2012.725186 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15248372.2012.725186 X flr-226 278 2 chi chi NOUN flr-226 278 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 278 4 m. m. NOUN flr-226 278 5 t. t. PROPN flr-226 278 6 h. h. PROPN flr-226 278 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 278 8 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 278 9 2008 2008 NUM flr-226 278 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 278 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 279 1 three three NUM flr-226 279 2 types type NOUN flr-226 279 3 of of ADP flr-226 279 4 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 279 5 change change NOUN flr-226 279 6 : : PUNCT flr-226 279 7 belief belief NOUN flr-226 279 8 revision revision NOUN flr-226 279 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 279 10 mental mental ADJ flr-226 279 11 model model NOUN flr-226 279 12 transformation transformation NOUN flr-226 279 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 279 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 279 15 categorical categorical ADJ flr-226 279 16 shift shift NOUN flr-226 279 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 280 1 in in ADP flr-226 280 2 s. s. PROPN flr-226 280 3 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 280 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 280 5 ed ed NOUN flr-226 280 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 280 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 280 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 280 9 international international ADJ flr-226 280 10 handbook handbook NOUN flr-226 280 11 of of ADP flr-226 280 12 research research NOUN flr-226 280 13 on on ADP flr-226 280 14 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 280 15 change change NOUN flr-226 280 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 280 17 pp pp ADJ flr-226 280 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 281 1 61 61 NUM flr-226 281 2 - - SYM flr-226 281 3 82 82 NUM flr-226 281 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 281 5 . . PUNCT flr-226 282 1 new new PROPN flr-226 282 2 york york PROPN flr-226 282 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 282 4 ny ny PROPN flr-226 282 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 282 6 routledge routledge PROPN flr-226 282 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 283 1 clement clement PROPN flr-226 283 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 283 3 j. j. PROPN flr-226 283 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 283 5 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 283 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 283 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 284 1 students student NOUN flr-226 284 2 ' ' PART flr-226 284 3 preconceptions preconception NOUN flr-226 284 4 in in ADP flr-226 284 5 introductory introductory ADJ flr-226 284 6 mechanics mechanic NOUN flr-226 284 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 285 1 the the DET flr-226 285 2 american american PROPN flr-226 285 3 journal journal PROPN flr-226 285 4 of of ADP flr-226 285 5 physics physics PROPN flr-226 285 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 285 7 50(1 50(1 PROPN flr-226 285 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 285 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 285 10 66 66 NUM flr-226 285 11 - - SYM flr-226 285 12 71 71 NUM flr-226 285 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 286 1 clements clements PROPN flr-226 286 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 286 3 d. d. PROPN flr-226 286 4 h. h. PROPN flr-226 286 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 286 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 286 7 battista battista PROPN flr-226 286 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 286 9 m. m. NOUN flr-226 286 10 t. t. PROPN flr-226 286 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 286 12 2001 2001 NUM flr-226 286 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 286 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 287 1 logo logo NOUN flr-226 287 2 and and CCONJ flr-226 287 3 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 287 4 . . PUNCT flr-226 288 1 journal journal PROPN flr-226 288 2 for for ADP flr-226 288 3 research research NOUN flr-226 288 4 in in ADP flr-226 288 5 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 288 6 education education PROPN flr-226 288 7 monograph.reston monograph.reston PROPN flr-226 288 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 288 9 va va NOUN flr-226 288 10 : : PUNCT flr-226 288 11 national national ADJ flr-226 288 12 council council PROPN flr-226 288 13 of of ADP flr-226 288 14 teachers teacher NOUN flr-226 288 15 of of ADP flr-226 288 16 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 288 17 . . PUNCT flr-226 289 1 disessa disessa PROPN flr-226 289 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 289 3 a. a. NOUN flr-226 289 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 289 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 289 6 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 289 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 289 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 290 1 unlearning unlearn VERB flr-226 290 2 aristotelian aristotelian PROPN flr-226 290 3 physics physics PROPN flr-226 290 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 290 5 a a DET flr-226 290 6 study study NOUN flr-226 290 7 of of ADP flr-226 290 8 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 290 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 290 10 based base VERB flr-226 290 11 learning learning NOUN flr-226 290 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 291 1 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 291 2 science science NOUN flr-226 291 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 291 4 6(1 6(1 NUM flr-226 291 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 291 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 291 7 37-75.doi 37-75.doi NUM flr-226 291 8 : : PUNCT flr-226 291 9 10.1207 10.1207 NUM flr-226 291 10 / / SYM flr-226 291 11 s15516709cog0601_2 s15516709cog0601_2 PROPN flr-226 291 12 kospentaris kospentaris NOUN flr-226 291 13     SPACE flr-226 291 14 et et PROPN flr-226 291 15     SPACE flr-226 291 16 al al PROPN flr-226 291 17                     SPACE flr-226 291 18 56 56 NUM flr-226 291 19     SPACE flr-226 291 20 eisenberg eisenberg PROPN flr-226 291 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 291 22 t. t. PROPN flr-226 291 23 , , PUNCT flr-226 291 24 & & CCONJ flr-226 291 25 dreyfus dreyfus PROPN flr-226 291 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 291 27 t. t. PROPN flr-226 291 28 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 291 29 1991 1991 NUM flr-226 291 30 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 291 31 . . PUNCT flr-226 292 1 on on ADP flr-226 292 2 the the DET flr-226 292 3 reluctance reluctance NOUN flr-226 292 4 to to PART flr-226 292 5 visualize visualize VERB flr-226 292 6 in in ADP flr-226 292 7 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 292 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 293 1 in in ADP flr-226 293 2 w. w. PROPN flr-226 293 3 zimmermann zimmermann PROPN flr-226 293 4 & & CCONJ flr-226 293 5 s. s. PROPN flr-226 293 6 cunningham cunningham PROPN flr-226 293 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 293 8 eds eds PROPN flr-226 293 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 293 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 293 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 293 12 visualization visualization NOUN flr-226 293 13 in in ADP flr-226 293 14 teaching teaching NOUN flr-226 293 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 293 16 learning learn VERB flr-226 293 17 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 293 18 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 293 19 pp pp ADJ flr-226 293 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 293 21 26 26 NUM flr-226 293 22 - - SYM flr-226 293 23 37 37 NUM flr-226 293 24 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 293 25 . . PUNCT flr-226 294 1 washington washington PROPN flr-226 294 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 294 3 dc dc PROPN flr-226 294 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 294 5 maa maa PROPN flr-226 294 6 . . PROPN flr-226 294 7 evans evans PROPN flr-226 294 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 294 9 j. j. PROPN flr-226 294 10 st st PROPN flr-226 294 11 . . PROPN flr-226 294 12 b.t b.t PROPN flr-226 294 13 . . PROPN flr-226 294 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 294 15 & & CCONJ flr-226 294 16 stanovich stanovich PROPN flr-226 294 17 , , PUNCT flr-226 294 18 k. k. PROPN flr-226 294 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 294 20 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 294 21 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 294 22 . . PUNCT flr-226 295 1 dual dual ADJ flr-226 295 2 - - PUNCT flr-226 295 3 process process NOUN flr-226 295 4 theories theory NOUN flr-226 295 5 of of ADP flr-226 295 6 higher high ADJ flr-226 295 7 cognition cognition NOUN flr-226 295 8 : : PUNCT flr-226 295 9 advancing advance VERB flr-226 295 10 the the DET flr-226 295 11 debate debate NOUN flr-226 295 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 296 1 perspectives perspective NOUN flr-226 296 2 on on ADP flr-226 296 3 psychological psychological ADJ flr-226 296 4 science science NOUN flr-226 296 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 296 6 8(3 8(3 NUM flr-226 296 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 296 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 296 9 223–241 223–241 NUM flr-226 296 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 297 1 doi doi NOUN flr-226 297 2 : : PUNCT flr-226 297 3 10.1177/1745691612460685 10.1177/1745691612460685 NUM flr-226 297 4 fischbein fischbein PROPN flr-226 297 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 297 6 e. e. PROPN flr-226 297 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 297 8 1993 1993 NUM flr-226 297 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 297 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 298 1 the the DET flr-226 298 2 theory theory NOUN flr-226 298 3 of of ADP flr-226 298 4 figural figural ADJ flr-226 298 5 concepts concept NOUN flr-226 298 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 299 1 educational educational ADJ flr-226 299 2 studies study NOUN flr-226 299 3 in in ADP flr-226 299 4 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 299 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 299 6 24 24 NUM flr-226 299 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 299 8 2 2 NUM flr-226 299 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 299 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 299 11 139 139 NUM flr-226 299 12 - - SYM flr-226 299 13 162 162 NUM flr-226 299 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 300 1 gutiérrez gutiérrez PROPN flr-226 300 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 300 3 a. a. PROPN flr-226 300 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 300 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 300 6 jaime jaime PROPN flr-226 300 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 300 8 a. a. NOUN flr-226 300 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 300 10 1998 1998 NUM flr-226 300 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 300 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 301 1 on on ADP flr-226 301 2 the the DET flr-226 301 3 assessment assessment NOUN flr-226 301 4 of of ADP flr-226 301 5 the the DET flr-226 301 6 van van PROPN flr-226 301 7 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 301 8 levels level NOUN flr-226 301 9 of of ADP flr-226 301 10 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 301 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 302 1 focus focus VERB flr-226 302 2 on on ADP flr-226 302 3 learning learn VERB flr-226 302 4 problems problem NOUN flr-226 302 5 in in ADP flr-226 302 6 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 302 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 302 8 20(2 20(2 NOUN flr-226 302 9 - - SYM flr-226 302 10 3 3 NUM flr-226 302 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 302 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 302 13 27 27 NUM flr-226 302 14 - - SYM flr-226 302 15 46 46 NUM flr-226 302 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 303 1 hegarty hegarty PROPN flr-226 303 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 303 3 m. m. NOUN flr-226 303 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 303 5 1992 1992 NUM flr-226 303 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 303 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 304 1 mental mental ADJ flr-226 304 2 animation animation NOUN flr-226 304 3 : : PUNCT flr-226 304 4 inferring infer VERB flr-226 304 5 motion motion NOUN flr-226 304 6 from from ADP flr-226 304 7 static static ADJ flr-226 304 8 diagrams diagram NOUN flr-226 304 9 of of ADP flr-226 304 10 mechanical mechanical ADJ flr-226 304 11 systems system NOUN flr-226 304 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 305 1 journal journal NOUN flr-226 305 2 of of ADP flr-226 305 3 experimental experimental ADJ flr-226 305 4 psychology psychology NOUN flr-226 305 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 305 6 learning learning NOUN flr-226 305 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 305 8 memory memory NOUN flr-226 305 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 305 10 cognition cognition NOUN flr-226 305 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 305 12 18 18 NUM flr-226 305 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 305 14 1084–1102 1084–1102 NUM flr-226 305 15 . . PUNCT flr-226 306 1 hegarty hegarty PROPN flr-226 306 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 3 m. m. NOUN flr-226 306 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 5 montello montello PROPN flr-226 306 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 7 d. d. PROPN flr-226 306 8 r. r. PROPN flr-226 306 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 10 richardson richardson PROPN flr-226 306 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 12 a. a. PROPN flr-226 306 13 e. e. PROPN flr-226 306 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 15 ishikawa ishikawa PROPN flr-226 306 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 17 t. t. PROPN flr-226 306 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 19 & & CCONJ flr-226 306 20 lovelace lovelace PROPN flr-226 306 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 306 22 k. k. PROPN flr-226 306 23 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 306 24 2006 2006 NUM flr-226 306 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 306 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 307 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 307 2 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 307 3 at at ADP flr-226 307 4 different different ADJ flr-226 307 5 scales scale NOUN flr-226 307 6 : : PUNCT flr-226 307 7 individual individual ADJ flr-226 307 8 differences difference NOUN flr-226 307 9 in in ADP flr-226 307 10 aptitude aptitude NOUN flr-226 307 11 - - PUNCT flr-226 307 12 test test NOUN flr-226 307 13 performance performance NOUN flr-226 307 14 and and CCONJ flr-226 307 15 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 307 16 - - PUNCT flr-226 307 17 layout layout NOUN flr-226 307 18 learning learning NOUN flr-226 307 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 308 1 intelligence intelligence NOUN flr-226 308 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 308 3 34 34 NUM flr-226 308 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 308 5 151 151 NUM flr-226 308 6 - - SYM flr-226 308 7 176 176 NUM flr-226 308 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 309 1 hegarty hegarty PROPN flr-226 309 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 309 3 m. m. NOUN flr-226 309 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 309 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 309 6 waller waller PROPN flr-226 309 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 309 8 d. d. PROPN flr-226 309 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 309 10 2006 2006 NUM flr-226 309 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 309 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 310 1 individual individual ADJ flr-226 310 2 differences difference NOUN flr-226 310 3 in in ADP flr-226 310 4 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 310 5 abilities ability NOUN flr-226 310 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 311 1 in in ADP flr-226 311 2 p. p. PROPN flr-226 311 3 shah shah PROPN flr-226 311 4 & & CCONJ flr-226 311 5 a. a. PROPN flr-226 311 6 miyake miyake PROPN flr-226 311 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 311 8 eds eds PROPN flr-226 311 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 311 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 311 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 311 12 handbook handbook NOUN flr-226 311 13 of of ADP flr-226 311 14 visualspatial visualspatial ADJ flr-226 311 15 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 311 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 312 1 cambridge cambridge PROPN flr-226 312 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 312 3 ma ma PROPN flr-226 312 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 312 5 cambridge cambridge PROPN flr-226 312 6 university university PROPN flr-226 312 7 press press NOUN flr-226 312 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 313 1 houdement houdement PROPN flr-226 313 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 313 3 c. c. PROPN flr-226 313 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 313 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 313 6 kuzniak kuzniak PROPN flr-226 313 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 313 8 a. a. PROPN flr-226 313 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 313 10 2003 2003 NUM flr-226 313 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 313 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 314 1 elementary elementary ADJ flr-226 314 2 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 314 3 split split VERB flr-226 314 4 into into ADP flr-226 314 5 different different ADJ flr-226 314 6 geometrical geometrical ADJ flr-226 314 7 paradigms paradigm NOUN flr-226 314 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 315 1 proceedings proceeding NOUN flr-226 315 2 of of ADP flr-226 315 3 cerme cerme ADJ flr-226 315 4 3 3 NUM flr-226 315 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 315 6 belaria belaria PROPN flr-226 315 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 315 8 italy italy PROPN flr-226 315 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 316 1 http://www.dm.unipi.it/~didattica/ http://www.dm.unipi.it/~didattica/ NUM flr-226 316 2 cerme3 cerme3 NOUN flr-226 316 3 / / SYM flr-226 316 4 proceedings proceeding NOUN flr-226 316 5 / / SYM flr-226 317 1 groups group NOUN flr-226 317 2 / / SYM flr-226 317 3 tg7 tg7 PROPN flr-226 317 4 / / SYM flr-226 317 5 tg7_houdement_cerme3.pdf tg7_houdement_cerme3.pdf PROPN flr-226 317 6 kastens kasten NOUN flr-226 317 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 317 8 k.a k.a PROPN flr-226 317 9 . . PROPN flr-226 317 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 317 11 & & CCONJ flr-226 317 12 ishikawa ishikawa PROPN flr-226 317 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 317 14 t. t. PROPN flr-226 317 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 317 16 2006 2006 NUM flr-226 317 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 317 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 318 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 318 2 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 318 3 in in ADP flr-226 318 4 the the DET flr-226 318 5 geosciences geoscience NOUN flr-226 318 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 318 7 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 318 8 sciences science NOUN flr-226 318 9 : : PUNCT flr-226 318 10 a a DET flr-226 318 11 crossdisciplinary crossdisciplinary ADJ flr-226 318 12 look look NOUN flr-226 318 13 at at ADP flr-226 318 14 the the DET flr-226 318 15 intersection intersection NOUN flr-226 318 16 of of ADP flr-226 318 17 the the DET flr-226 318 18 two two NUM flr-226 318 19 fields field NOUN flr-226 318 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 319 1 in in ADP flr-226 319 2 c. c. PROPN flr-226 319 3 a. a. PROPN flr-226 319 4 manduca manduca PROPN flr-226 319 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 319 6 d. d. PROPN flr-226 319 7 w. w. PROPN flr-226 319 8 mogk mogk PROPN flr-226 319 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 319 10 eds ed NOUN flr-226 319 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 319 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 319 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 319 14 earth earth NOUN flr-226 319 15 and and CCONJ flr-226 319 16 mind mind NOUN flr-226 319 17 : : PUNCT flr-226 319 18 how how SCONJ flr-226 319 19 geologists geologist NOUN flr-226 319 20 think think VERB flr-226 319 21 and and CCONJ flr-226 319 22 learn learn VERB flr-226 319 23 about about ADP flr-226 319 24 the the DET flr-226 319 25 earth earth NOUN flr-226 319 26 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 319 27 pp pp ADJ flr-226 319 28 . . PUNCT flr-226 320 1 53 53 NUM flr-226 320 2 - - SYM flr-226 320 3 76 76 NUM flr-226 320 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 320 5 . . PUNCT flr-226 321 1 boulder boulder PROPN flr-226 321 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 321 3 co co NOUN flr-226 321 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 321 5 geological geological ADJ flr-226 321 6 society society NOUN flr-226 321 7 of of ADP flr-226 321 8 america america PROPN flr-226 321 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 322 1 kilpatrick kilpatrick PROPN flr-226 322 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 322 3 j. j. PROPN flr-226 322 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 322 5 hoyles hoyles PROPN flr-226 322 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 322 7 c. c. PROPN flr-226 322 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 322 9 & & CCONJ flr-226 322 10 skovsmose skovsmose PROPN flr-226 322 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 322 12 o. o. PROPN flr-226 322 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 322 14 eds ed NOUN flr-226 322 15 . . PUNCT flr-226 322 16 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 323 1 in in ADP flr-226 323 2 collaboration collaboration NOUN flr-226 323 3 with with ADP flr-226 323 4 valero valero PROPN flr-226 323 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 323 6 p. p. NOUN flr-226 323 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 323 8 2005 2005 NUM flr-226 323 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 323 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 324 1 meaning mean VERB flr-226 324 2 in in ADP flr-226 324 3 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 324 4 education education NOUN flr-226 324 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 324 6 usa usa PROPN flr-226 324 7 : : PUNCT flr-226 324 8 springer springer NOUN flr-226 324 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 325 1 kozhevnikov kozhevnikov PROPN flr-226 325 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 325 3 m. m. NOUN flr-226 325 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 325 5 motes mote NOUN flr-226 325 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 325 7 m. m. NOUN flr-226 325 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 325 9 & & CCONJ flr-226 325 10 hegarty hegarty PROPN flr-226 325 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 325 12 m. m. NOUN flr-226 325 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 325 14 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 325 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 325 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 326 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 326 2 visualization visualization NOUN flr-226 326 3 in in ADP flr-226 326 4 physics physics NOUN flr-226 326 5 problem problem NOUN flr-226 326 6 solving solve VERB flr-226 326 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 327 1 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 327 2 science science NOUN flr-226 327 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 327 4 31 31 NUM flr-226 327 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 327 6 549 549 NUM flr-226 327 7 - - SYM flr-226 327 8 579 579 NUM flr-226 327 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 328 1 lehrer lehrer PROPN flr-226 328 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 328 3 r. r. PROPN flr-226 328 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 328 5 jenkins jenkins PROPN flr-226 328 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 328 7 m. m. NOUN flr-226 328 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 328 9 & & CCONJ flr-226 328 10 osana osana PROPN flr-226 328 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 329 1 h. h. PROPN flr-226 329 2 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 329 3 1998 1998 NUM flr-226 329 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 329 5 . . PUNCT flr-226 330 1 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ flr-226 330 2 study study NOUN flr-226 330 3 of of ADP flr-226 330 4 children child NOUN flr-226 330 5 ’s ’s PART flr-226 330 6 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 330 7 about about ADP flr-226 330 8 space space NOUN flr-226 330 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 330 10 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 330 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 331 1 in in ADP flr-226 331 2 r. r. PROPN flr-226 331 3 lehrer lehrer PROPN flr-226 331 4 & & CCONJ flr-226 331 5 d. d. PROPN flr-226 331 6 chazan chazan PROPN flr-226 331 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 331 8 eds ed NOUN flr-226 331 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 331 10 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 331 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 331 12 designing design VERB flr-226 331 13 learning learn VERB flr-226 331 14 environments environment NOUN flr-226 331 15 for for ADP flr-226 331 16 developing develop VERB flr-226 331 17 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 331 18 of of ADP flr-226 331 19 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 331 20 and and CCONJ flr-226 331 21 space space NOUN flr-226 331 22 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 331 23 pp pp ADJ flr-226 331 24 . . PUNCT flr-226 331 25 137 137 NUM flr-226 331 26 - - SYM flr-226 331 27 167 167 NUM flr-226 331 28 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 331 29 . . PUNCT flr-226 332 1 mahwah mahwah PROPN flr-226 332 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 332 3 nj nj PROPN flr-226 332 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 332 5 erlbaum erlbaum PROPN flr-226 332 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 333 1 lynn lynn PROPN flr-226 333 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 333 3 b. b. PROPN flr-226 333 4 m. m. PROPN flr-226 333 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 333 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 333 7 lynch lynch PROPN flr-226 333 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 333 9 c. c. PROPN flr-226 333 10 m. m. NOUN flr-226 333 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 333 12 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 333 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 333 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 334 1 van van PROPN flr-226 334 2 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 334 3 revisited revisit VERB flr-226 334 4 . . PUNCT flr-226 335 1 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 335 2 teaching teaching NOUN flr-226 335 3 in in ADP flr-226 335 4 the the DET flr-226 335 5 middle middle ADJ flr-226 335 6 school school NOUN flr-226 335 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 335 8 16(4 16(4 NUM flr-226 335 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 335 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 335 11 232 232 NUM flr-226 335 12 - - SYM flr-226 335 13 238 238 NUM flr-226 335 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 336 1 newcombe newcombe NOUN flr-226 336 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 336 3 n. n. PROPN flr-226 336 4 s. s. PROPN flr-226 336 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 336 6 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 336 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 336 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 337 1 picture picture VERB flr-226 337 2 this this PRON flr-226 337 3 : : PUNCT flr-226 337 4 increasing increase VERB flr-226 337 5 math math NOUN flr-226 337 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 337 7 science science NOUN flr-226 337 8 learning learning NOUN flr-226 337 9 by by ADP flr-226 337 10 improving improve VERB flr-226 337 11 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 337 12 thinking thinking NOUN flr-226 337 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 338 1 american american ADJ flr-226 338 2 educator educator NOUN flr-226 338 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 338 4 summer summer NOUN flr-226 338 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 338 6 29 29 NUM flr-226 338 7 - - SYM flr-226 338 8 43 43 NUM flr-226 338 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 339 1 newcombe newcombe PROPN flr-226 339 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 339 3 n. n. PROPN flr-226 339 4 s. s. PROPN flr-226 339 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 339 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 339 7 frick frick PROPN flr-226 339 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 339 9 a. a. NOUN flr-226 339 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 339 11 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 339 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 339 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 339 14 early early ADJ flr-226 339 15 education education NOUN flr-226 339 16 for for ADP flr-226 339 17 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 339 18 intelligence intelligence NOUN flr-226 339 19 : : PUNCT flr-226 340 1 why why SCONJ flr-226 340 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 340 3 what what PRON flr-226 340 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 340 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 340 6 how how SCONJ flr-226 340 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 341 1 mind mind NOUN flr-226 341 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 341 3 brain brain NOUN flr-226 341 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 341 5 education education NOUN flr-226 341 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 341 7 4(3 4(3 NUM flr-226 341 8 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 341 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 341 10 102 102 NUM flr-226 341 11 - - SYM flr-226 341 12 111 111 NUM flr-226 341 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 342 1 newcombe newcombe NOUN flr-226 342 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 342 3 n. n. PROPN flr-226 342 4 s. s. PROPN flr-226 342 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 342 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 342 7 huttenlocher huttenlocher PROPN flr-226 342 8 j. j. PROPN flr-226 342 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 342 10 2000 2000 NUM flr-226 342 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 342 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 343 1 making make VERB flr-226 343 2 space space NOUN flr-226 343 3 : : PUNCT flr-226 343 4 the the DET flr-226 343 5 development development NOUN flr-226 343 6 of of ADP flr-226 343 7 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 343 8 representation representation NOUN flr-226 343 9 and and CCONJ flr-226 343 10 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 343 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 344 1 cambridge cambridge PROPN flr-226 344 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 344 3 ma ma PROPN flr-226 344 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 344 5 mit mit PROPN flr-226 344 6 press press NOUN flr-226 344 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 345 1 newcombe newcombe PROPN flr-226 345 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 345 3 n. n. PROPN flr-226 345 4 s. s. PROPN flr-226 345 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 345 6 uttal uttal PROPN flr-226 345 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 345 8 d. d. PROPN flr-226 345 9 h. h. PROPN flr-226 345 10 & & CCONJ flr-226 345 11 sauter sauter PROPN flr-226 345 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 345 13 m. m. NOUN flr-226 345 14 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 345 15 in in ADP flr-226 345 16 press press NOUN flr-226 345 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 345 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 346 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 346 2 development development NOUN flr-226 346 3 . . PUNCT flr-226 347 1 in in ADP flr-226 347 2 p. p. PROPN flr-226 347 3 zelazo zelazo NOUN flr-226 347 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 347 5 ed ed NOUN flr-226 347 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 347 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 347 8 oxford oxford PROPN flr-226 347 9 handbook handbook NOUN flr-226 347 10 of of ADP flr-226 347 11 developmental developmental ADJ flr-226 347 12 psychology psychology NOUN flr-226 347 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 348 1 new new PROPN flr-226 348 2 york york PROPN flr-226 348 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 348 4 ny ny PROPN flr-226 348 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 348 6 oxford oxford PROPN flr-226 348 7 university university PROPN flr-226 348 8 press press NOUN flr-226 348 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 349 1 piaget piaget PROPN flr-226 349 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 349 3 j. j. PROPN flr-226 349 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 349 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 349 6 inhleder inhleder PROPN flr-226 349 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 349 8 b. b. PROPN flr-226 349 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 349 10 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 349 11 1948/1967 1948/1967 NUM flr-226 349 12 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 349 13 . . PUNCT flr-226 350 1 the the DET flr-226 350 2 child child NOUN flr-226 350 3 ’s ’s PART flr-226 350 4 conception conception NOUN flr-226 350 5 of of ADP flr-226 350 6 space space NOUN flr-226 350 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 351 1 london london PROPN flr-226 351 2 : : PUNCT flr-226 351 3 w.w w.w PROPN flr-226 351 4 . . PROPN flr-226 351 5 norton norton PROPN flr-226 351 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 351 7 company company PROPN flr-226 351 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 352 1 piaget piaget PROPN flr-226 352 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 352 3 j. j. PROPN flr-226 352 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 352 5 inhelder inhelder NOUN flr-226 352 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 352 7 b. b. PROPN flr-226 352 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 352 9 & & CCONJ flr-226 352 10 szeminska szeminska PROPN flr-226 352 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 352 12 a. a. NOUN flr-226 352 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 352 14 1948/1960 1948/1960 NUM flr-226 352 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 352 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 353 1 the the DET flr-226 353 2 child child NOUN flr-226 353 3 ’s ’s PART flr-226 353 4 conception conception NOUN flr-226 353 5 of of ADP flr-226 353 6 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 353 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 354 1 london london PROPN flr-226 354 2 : : PUNCT flr-226 354 3 routledge routledge PROPN flr-226 354 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 354 5 kegan kegan PROPN flr-226 354 6 paul paul PROPN flr-226 354 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 355 1 pitta pitta NOUN flr-226 355 2 - - PUNCT flr-226 355 3 pantazi pantazi PROPN flr-226 355 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 355 5 d. d. PROPN flr-226 355 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 355 7 & & CCONJ flr-226 355 8 christou christou PROPN flr-226 355 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 355 10 c. c. PROPN flr-226 355 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 355 12 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 355 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 355 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 356 1 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 356 2 styles style NOUN flr-226 356 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 356 4 dynamic dynamic ADJ flr-226 356 5 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 356 6 and and CCONJ flr-226 356 7 measurement measurement NOUN flr-226 356 8 performance performance NOUN flr-226 356 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 357 1 educational educational ADJ flr-226 357 2 studies study NOUN flr-226 357 3 in in ADP flr-226 357 4 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 357 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 357 6 70 70 NUM flr-226 357 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 357 8 5 5 NUM flr-226 357 9 - - SYM flr-226 357 10 26 26 NUM flr-226 357 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 358 1 sanchez sanchez PROPN flr-226 358 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 358 3 c.a c.a PROPN flr-226 358 4 . . PROPN flr-226 358 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 358 6 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 358 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 358 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 359 1 enhancing enhance VERB flr-226 359 2 visuospatial visuospatial ADJ flr-226 359 3 performance performance NOUN flr-226 359 4 through through ADP flr-226 359 5 video video NOUN flr-226 359 6 game game NOUN flr-226 359 7 training training NOUN flr-226 359 8 to to PART flr-226 359 9 increase increase VERB flr-226 359 10 learning learn VERB flr-226 359 11 in in ADP flr-226 359 12 visuospatial visuospatial ADJ flr-226 359 13 science science NOUN flr-226 359 14 domains domain NOUN flr-226 359 15 . . PUNCT flr-226 360 1 psychonomic psychonomic ADJ flr-226 360 2 bulletin bulletin PROPN flr-226 360 3 & & CCONJ flr-226 360 4 review review PROPN flr-226 360 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 360 6 19 19 NUM flr-226 360 7 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 360 8 1 1 NUM flr-226 360 9 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 360 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 360 11 58–65 58–65 NUM flr-226 360 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 361 1 schwartz schwartz PROPN flr-226 361 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 361 3 d.l d.l PROPN flr-226 361 4 . . PROPN flr-226 361 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 361 6 & & CCONJ flr-226 361 7 black black ADJ flr-226 361 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 361 9 j.b j.b PROPN flr-226 361 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 361 11 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 361 12 1996 1996 NUM flr-226 361 13 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 361 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 362 1 shuttling shuttle VERB flr-226 362 2 between between ADP flr-226 362 3 depictive depictive ADJ flr-226 362 4 models model NOUN flr-226 362 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 362 6 abstract abstract ADJ flr-226 362 7 rules rule NOUN flr-226 362 8 : : PUNCT flr-226 362 9 induction induction NOUN flr-226 362 10 and and CCONJ flr-226 362 11 fallback fallback NOUN flr-226 362 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 363 1 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 363 2 science science NOUN flr-226 363 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 363 4 20 20 NUM flr-226 363 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 363 6 457 457 NUM flr-226 363 7 - - SYM flr-226 363 8 497 497 NUM flr-226 363 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 364 1 shea shea PROPN flr-226 364 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 364 3 d. d. PROPN flr-226 364 4 l. l. PROPN flr-226 364 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 364 6 lubinski lubinski PROPN flr-226 364 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 364 8 d. d. PROPN flr-226 364 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 364 10 & & CCONJ flr-226 364 11 benbow benbow PROPN flr-226 364 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 364 13 c. c. PROPN flr-226 364 14 p. p. PROPN flr-226 364 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 364 16 2001 2001 NUM flr-226 364 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 364 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 365 1 importance importance NOUN flr-226 365 2 of of ADP flr-226 365 3 assessing assess VERB flr-226 365 4 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 365 5 ability ability NOUN flr-226 365 6 in in ADP flr-226 365 7 intellectually intellectually ADV flr-226 365 8 talented talented ADJ flr-226 365 9 young young ADJ flr-226 365 10 adolescents adolescent NOUN flr-226 365 11 : : PUNCT flr-226 365 12 a a DET flr-226 365 13 20 20 NUM flr-226 365 14 - - PUNCT flr-226 365 15 year year NOUN flr-226 365 16 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ flr-226 365 17 study study NOUN flr-226 365 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 366 1 journal journal NOUN flr-226 366 2 of of ADP flr-226 366 3 educational educational ADJ flr-226 366 4 psychology psychology NOUN flr-226 366 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 366 6 93(3 93(3 NUM flr-226 366 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 366 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 366 9 604–614 604–614 NUM flr-226 366 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 367 1 kospentaris kospentaris PROPN flr-226 367 2     SPACE flr-226 367 3 et et PROPN flr-226 367 4     SPACE flr-226 367 5 al al PROPN flr-226 367 6                     SPACE flr-226 367 7 57 57 NUM flr-226 367 8     SPACE flr-226 367 9 shtulman shtulman NOUN flr-226 367 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 367 11 a. a. NOUN flr-226 367 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 367 13 & & CCONJ flr-226 367 14 valcarcel valcarcel PROPN flr-226 367 15 , , PUNCT flr-226 367 16 j. j. PROPN flr-226 367 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 367 18 2012 2012 NUM flr-226 367 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 367 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 368 1 scientific scientific ADJ flr-226 368 2 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 368 3 suppresses suppress VERB flr-226 368 4 but but CCONJ flr-226 368 5 does do AUX flr-226 368 6 not not PART flr-226 368 7 supplant supplant VERB flr-226 368 8 earlier early ADJ flr-226 368 9 intuitions intuition NOUN flr-226 368 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 369 1 cognition cognition NOUN flr-226 369 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 369 3 124 124 NUM flr-226 369 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 369 5 209–215 209–215 NUM flr-226 369 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 369 7 spelke spelke PROPN flr-226 369 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 369 9 e. e. PROPN flr-226 369 10 s. s. PROPN flr-226 369 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 369 12 & & CCONJ flr-226 369 13 kinzler kinzler PROPN flr-226 369 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 369 15 k. k. PROPN flr-226 369 16 d. d. PROPN flr-226 369 17 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 369 18 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 369 19 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 369 20 . . PUNCT flr-226 370 1 core core NOUN flr-226 370 2 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 370 3 . . PUNCT flr-226 371 1 developmental developmental ADJ flr-226 371 2 science science NOUN flr-226 371 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 371 4 10 10 NUM flr-226 371 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 371 6 89–96 89–96 NUM flr-226 371 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 372 1 spelke spelke PROPN flr-226 372 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 372 3 e.s e.s PROPN flr-226 372 4 . . PROPN flr-226 372 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 372 6 lee lee PROPN flr-226 372 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 372 8 s. s. PROPN flr-226 372 9 a. a. PROPN flr-226 372 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 372 11 & & CCONJ flr-226 372 12 izard izard PROPN flr-226 372 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 372 14 v. v. PROPN flr-226 372 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 372 16 2010 2010 NUM flr-226 372 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 372 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 373 1 beyond beyond ADP flr-226 373 2 core core ADJ flr-226 373 3 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 373 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 373 5 natural natural ADJ flr-226 373 6 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 373 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 374 1 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 374 2 science science NOUN flr-226 374 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 374 4 34(5 34(5 PROPN flr-226 374 5 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 374 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 374 7 863 863 NUM flr-226 374 8 - - SYM flr-226 374 9 884 884 NUM flr-226 374 10 stieff stieff NOUN flr-226 374 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 374 12 m. m. NOUN flr-226 374 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 374 14 2007 2007 NUM flr-226 374 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 374 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 375 1 mental mental ADJ flr-226 375 2 rotation rotation NOUN flr-226 375 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 375 4 diagrammatic diagrammatic ADJ flr-226 375 5 reasoning reasoning NOUN flr-226 375 6 in in ADP flr-226 375 7 science science NOUN flr-226 375 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 376 1 learning learning NOUN flr-226 376 2 and and CCONJ flr-226 376 3 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 376 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 376 5 17 17 NUM flr-226 376 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 376 7 219234 219234 NUM flr-226 376 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 377 1 usiskin usiskin PROPN flr-226 377 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 377 3 z. z. PROPN flr-226 377 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 377 5 1982 1982 NUM flr-226 377 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 377 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 378 1 van van PROPN flr-226 378 2 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 378 3 levels level NOUN flr-226 378 4 and and CCONJ flr-226 378 5 achievement achievement NOUN flr-226 378 6 in in ADP flr-226 378 7 secondary secondary ADJ flr-226 378 8 school school NOUN flr-226 378 9 geometry geometry NOUN flr-226 378 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 379 1 colombus colombus NOUN flr-226 379 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 379 3 oh oh INTJ flr-226 379 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 379 5 eric eric PROPN flr-226 379 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 380 1 uttal uttal PROPN flr-226 380 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 3 d. d. PROPN flr-226 380 4 h. h. PROPN flr-226 380 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 6 meadow meadow NOUN flr-226 380 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 8 n. n. PROPN flr-226 380 9 g. g. PROPN flr-226 380 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 11 tipton tipton PROPN flr-226 380 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 13 e. e. PROPN flr-226 380 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 15 hand hand PROPN flr-226 380 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 17 l. l. PROPN flr-226 380 18 l. l. PROPN flr-226 380 19 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 20 alden alden PROPN flr-226 380 21 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 22 a.r a.r PROPN flr-226 380 23 . . PROPN flr-226 380 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 25 warren warren PROPN flr-226 380 26 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 27 c. c. PROPN flr-226 380 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 29 & & CCONJ flr-226 380 30 newcombe newcombe PROPN flr-226 380 31 , , PUNCT flr-226 380 32 n.s n.s PROPN flr-226 380 33 . . PROPN flr-226 380 34 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 380 35 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 380 36 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 380 37 . . PUNCT flr-226 381 1 the the DET flr-226 381 2 malleability malleability NOUN flr-226 381 3 of of ADP flr-226 381 4 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 381 5 skills skill NOUN flr-226 381 6 : : PUNCT flr-226 381 7 a a DET flr-226 381 8 meta meta ADJ flr-226 381 9 - - PUNCT flr-226 381 10 analysis analysis NOUN flr-226 381 11 of of ADP flr-226 381 12 training training NOUN flr-226 381 13 studies study NOUN flr-226 381 14 . . PUNCT flr-226 382 1 psychological psychological ADJ flr-226 382 2 bulletin bulletin NOUN flr-226 382 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 382 4 139 139 NUM flr-226 382 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 382 6 352402 352402 NUM flr-226 382 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 383 1 van van PROPN flr-226 383 2 hiele hiele PROPN flr-226 383 3 p. p. PROPN flr-226 383 4 m. m. NOUN flr-226 383 5 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 383 6 1986 1986 NUM flr-226 383 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 383 8 . . PUNCT flr-226 384 1 structure structure NOUN flr-226 384 2 and and CCONJ flr-226 384 3 insight insight NOUN flr-226 384 4 : : PUNCT flr-226 384 5 a a DET flr-226 384 6 theory theory NOUN flr-226 384 7 of of ADP flr-226 384 8 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 384 9 education education NOUN flr-226 384 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 385 1 london london PROPN flr-226 385 2 : : PUNCT flr-226 385 3 academic academic PROPN flr-226 385 4 press press PROPN flr-226 385 5 inc inc PROPN flr-226 385 6 . . PROPN flr-226 385 7 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 385 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 385 9 s. s. PROPN flr-226 385 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 385 11 & & CCONJ flr-226 385 12 brewer brewer PROPN flr-226 385 13 , , PUNCT flr-226 385 14 w. w. PROPN flr-226 385 15 f. f. PROPN flr-226 385 16 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 385 17 1994 1994 NUM flr-226 385 18 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 385 19 . . PUNCT flr-226 386 1 mental mental ADJ flr-226 386 2 models model NOUN flr-226 386 3 of of ADP flr-226 386 4 the the DET flr-226 386 5 day day NOUN flr-226 386 6 / / SYM flr-226 386 7 night night NOUN flr-226 386 8 cycle cycle NOUN flr-226 386 9 . . PUNCT flr-226 387 1 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 387 2 science science NOUN flr-226 387 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 387 4 18 18 NUM flr-226 387 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 387 6 123183 123183 NUM flr-226 387 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 388 1 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 388 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 388 3 s. s. PROPN flr-226 388 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 388 5 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 388 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 388 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 389 1 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 389 2 change change NOUN flr-226 389 3 in in ADP flr-226 389 4 learning learning NOUN flr-226 389 5 and and CCONJ flr-226 389 6 instruction instruction NOUN flr-226 389 7 : : PUNCT flr-226 389 8 the the DET flr-226 389 9 framework framework NOUN flr-226 389 10 theory theory NOUN flr-226 389 11 approach approach NOUN flr-226 389 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 390 1 in in ADP flr-226 390 2 s. s. PROPN flr-226 390 3 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 390 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 390 5 ed ed NOUN flr-226 390 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 390 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 390 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 390 9 international international ADJ flr-226 390 10 handbook handbook NOUN flr-226 390 11 of of ADP flr-226 390 12 research research NOUN flr-226 390 13 on on ADP flr-226 390 14 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 390 15 change change NOUN flr-226 390 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 390 17 2nd 2nd PROPN flr-226 390 18 edition edition NOUN flr-226 390 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 390 20 pp pp ADJ flr-226 390 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 391 1 11 11 NUM flr-226 391 2 - - SYM flr-226 391 3 30 30 NUM flr-226 391 4 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 391 5 . . PUNCT flr-226 392 1 new new PROPN flr-226 392 2 york york PROPN flr-226 392 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 392 4 ny ny PROPN flr-226 392 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 392 6 routledge routledge PROPN flr-226 392 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 393 1 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 393 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 393 3 s. s. PROPN flr-226 393 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 393 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 393 6 skopeliti skopeliti ADV flr-226 393 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 393 8 i. i. PROPN flr-226 393 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 393 10 2014 2014 NUM flr-226 393 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 393 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 394 1 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 394 2 change change NOUN flr-226 394 3 from from ADP flr-226 394 4 the the DET flr-226 394 5 framework framework NOUN flr-226 394 6 theory theory NOUN flr-226 394 7 side side NOUN flr-226 394 8 of of ADP flr-226 394 9 the the DET flr-226 394 10 fence fence NOUN flr-226 394 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 395 1 science science NOUN flr-226 395 2 and and CCONJ flr-226 395 3 education education NOUN flr-226 395 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 395 5 23(7 23(7 NUM flr-226 395 6 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 395 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 395 8 1427 1427 NUM flr-226 395 9 - - SYM flr-226 395 10 1445 1445 NUM flr-226 395 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 396 1 vosniadou vosniadou ADJ flr-226 396 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 3 s. s. PROPN flr-226 396 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 5 pnevmantikos pnevmantikos PROPN flr-226 396 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 7 d. d. PROPN flr-226 396 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 9 makris makris PROPN flr-226 396 10 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 11 n. n. NOUN flr-226 396 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 13 ikospentaki ikospentaki PROPN flr-226 396 14 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 15 k. k. PROPN flr-226 396 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 17 lepenioti lepenioti PROPN flr-226 396 18 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 19 d. d. PROPN flr-226 396 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 21 chountala chountala PROPN flr-226 396 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 23 a. a. NOUN flr-226 396 24 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 25 & & CCONJ flr-226 396 26 kyrianakis kyrianakis PROPN flr-226 396 27 , , PUNCT flr-226 396 28 g. g. PROPN flr-226 396 29 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 396 30 2015 2015 NUM flr-226 396 31 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 396 32 . . PUNCT flr-226 397 1 executive executive ADJ flr-226 397 2 functions function NOUN flr-226 397 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 397 4 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 397 5 change change NOUN flr-226 397 6 in in ADP flr-226 397 7 science science NOUN flr-226 397 8 and and CCONJ flr-226 397 9 mathematics mathematic NOUN flr-226 397 10 learning learning NOUN flr-226 397 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 397 12 7th 7th ADJ flr-226 397 13 annual annual ADJ flr-226 397 14 conference conference NOUN flr-226 397 15 of of ADP flr-226 397 16 the the DET flr-226 397 17 cognitive cognitive ADJ flr-226 397 18 science science NOUN flr-226 397 19 society society NOUN flr-226 397 20 , , PUNCT flr-226 397 21 pasadena pasadena PROPN flr-226 397 22 , , PUNCT flr-226 397 23 ca ca NOUN flr-226 397 24 . . PUNCT flr-226 398 1 https://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2015/papers/0434/paper0434.pdf https://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2015/papers/0434/paper0434.pdf PROPN flr-226 398 2 wai wai PROPN flr-226 398 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 398 4 j. j. PROPN flr-226 398 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 398 6 lubinski lubinski PROPN flr-226 398 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 398 8 d. d. PROPN flr-226 398 9 , , PUNCT flr-226 398 10 & & CCONJ flr-226 398 11 benbow benbow PROPN flr-226 398 12 , , PUNCT flr-226 398 13 c. c. PROPN flr-226 398 14 p. p. PROPN flr-226 398 15 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 398 16 2009 2009 NUM flr-226 398 17 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 398 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 399 1 spatial spatial ADJ flr-226 399 2 ability ability NOUN flr-226 399 3 for for ADP flr-226 399 4 stem stem NOUN flr-226 399 5 domains domain NOUN flr-226 399 6 : : PUNCT flr-226 399 7 aligning align VERB flr-226 399 8 over over ADP flr-226 399 9 50 50 NUM flr-226 399 10 years year NOUN flr-226 399 11 of of ADP flr-226 399 12 cumulative cumulative ADJ flr-226 399 13 psychological psychological ADJ flr-226 399 14 knowledge knowledge NOUN flr-226 399 15 solidifies solidify VERB flr-226 399 16 its its PRON flr-226 399 17 importance importance NOUN flr-226 399 18 . . PUNCT flr-226 400 1 journal journal NOUN flr-226 400 2 of of ADP flr-226 400 3 educational educational ADJ flr-226 400 4 psychology psychology NOUN flr-226 400 5 , , PUNCT flr-226 400 6 101(4 101(4 NUM flr-226 400 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 400 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 400 9 817–835 817–835 NUM flr-226 400 10 . . PUNCT flr-226 401 1 wiser wise ADJ flr-226 401 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 401 3 m. m. NOUN flr-226 401 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 401 5 & & CCONJ flr-226 401 6 smith smith PROPN flr-226 401 7 , , PUNCT flr-226 401 8 c. c. PROPN flr-226 401 9 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 401 10 2013 2013 NUM flr-226 401 11 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 401 12 . . PUNCT flr-226 402 1 learning learn VERB flr-226 402 2 and and CCONJ flr-226 402 3 teaching teach VERB flr-226 402 4 about about ADP flr-226 402 5 matter matter NOUN flr-226 402 6 in in ADP flr-226 402 7 the the DET flr-226 402 8 middle middle ADJ flr-226 402 9 school school NOUN flr-226 402 10 years year NOUN flr-226 402 11 . . PUNCT flr-226 403 1 how how SCONJ flr-226 403 2 can can AUX flr-226 403 3 atomic atomic ADJ flr-226 403 4 - - PUNCT flr-226 403 5 molecular molecular ADJ flr-226 403 6 theory theory NOUN flr-226 403 7 be be AUX flr-226 403 8 meaningfully meaningfully ADV flr-226 403 9 introduced introduce VERB flr-226 403 10 ? ? PUNCT flr-226 404 1 in in ADP flr-226 404 2 s. s. PROPN flr-226 404 3 vosniadou vosniadou PROPN flr-226 404 4 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 404 5 ed ed NOUN flr-226 404 6 . . PUNCT flr-226 404 7 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 404 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 404 9 international international ADJ flr-226 404 10 handbook handbook NOUN flr-226 404 11 of of ADP flr-226 404 12 research research NOUN flr-226 404 13 on on ADP flr-226 404 14 conceptual conceptual ADJ flr-226 404 15 change change NOUN flr-226 404 16 , , PUNCT flr-226 404 17 2nd 2nd PROPN flr-226 404 18 edition edition NOUN flr-226 404 19 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 404 20 pp pp ADJ flr-226 404 21 . . PUNCT flr-226 404 22 177 177 NUM flr-226 404 23 - - SYM flr-226 404 24 194 194 NUM flr-226 404 25 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 404 26 . . PUNCT flr-226 405 1 new new PROPN flr-226 405 2 york york PROPN flr-226 405 3 , , PUNCT flr-226 405 4 ny ny PROPN flr-226 405 5 : : PUNCT flr-226 405 6 routledge routledge PROPN flr-226 405 7 . . PUNCT flr-226 406 1 zazkis zazkis PROPN flr-226 406 2 , , PUNCT flr-226 406 3 r. r. PROPN flr-226 406 4 , , PUNCT flr-226 406 5 dubinsky dubinsky PROPN flr-226 406 6 , , PUNCT flr-226 406 7 e. e. PROPN flr-226 406 8 , , PUNCT flr-226 406 9 & & CCONJ flr-226 406 10 dautermann dautermann PROPN flr-226 406 11 , , PUNCT flr-226 406 12 j. j. PROPN flr-226 406 13 ( ( PUNCT flr-226 406 14 1996 1996 NUM flr-226 406 15 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 406 16 . . PUNCT flr-226 407 1 coordinating coordinate VERB flr-226 407 2 visual visual ADJ flr-226 407 3 and and CCONJ flr-226 407 4 analytic analytic ADJ flr-226 407 5 strategies strategy NOUN flr-226 407 6 : : PUNCT flr-226 407 7 a a DET flr-226 407 8 study study NOUN flr-226 407 9 of of ADP flr-226 407 10 students student NOUN flr-226 407 11 ' ' PART flr-226 407 12 understanding understanding NOUN flr-226 407 13 of of ADP flr-226 407 14 the the DET flr-226 407 15 group group NOUN flr-226 407 16 d d PROPN flr-226 407 17 4 4 NUM flr-226 407 18 . . PROPN flr-226 407 19 journal journal NOUN flr-226 407 20 for for ADP flr-226 407 21 research research NOUN flr-226 407 22 in in ADP flr-226 407 23 mathematics mathematics PROPN flr-226 407 24 education education NOUN flr-226 407 25 , , PUNCT flr-226 407 26 27(4 27(4 PROPN flr-226 407 27 ) ) PUNCT flr-226 407 28 , , PUNCT flr-226 407 29 435 435 NUM flr-226 407 30 – – PUNCT flr-226 407 31 457 457 NUM flr-226 407 32 . . PUNCT