id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
flr-37	1	1	frontline	frontline	NOUN
flr-37	1	2	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	1	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	1	4	1	1	NUM
flr-37	1	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	1	6	2014	2014	NUM
flr-37	1	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	1	8	1	1	NUM
flr-37	1	9	-	-	SYM
flr-37	1	10	21	21	NUM
flr-37	1	11	issn	issn	PROPN
flr-37	1	12	2295	2295	NUM
flr-37	1	13	-	-	SYM
flr-37	1	14	3159	3159	NUM
flr-37	1	15	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
flr-37	1	16	author	author	NOUN
flr-37	1	17	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	1	18	hilde	hilde	PROPN
flr-37	1	19	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	1	21	department	department	NOUN
flr-37	1	22	of	of	ADP
flr-37	1	23	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	1	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	1	25	university	university	NOUN
flr-37	1	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	1	27	cologne	cologne	NOUN
flr-37	1	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	1	29	richard	richard	PROPN
flr-37	1	30	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	1	31	strauss	strauss	PROPN
flr-37	1	32	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	1	33	str	str	NOUN
flr-37	1	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	1	35	2	2	NUM
flr-37	1	36	50931	50931	NUM
flr-37	1	37	cologne	cologne	NOUN
flr-37	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	1	39	germany	germany	PROPN
flr-37	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	1	41	phone	phone	NOUN
flr-37	1	42	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	1	43	+49	+49	NOUN
flr-37	1	44	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	1	45	221	221	NUM
flr-37	1	46	-	-	SYM
flr-37	1	47	4704719	4704719	NUM
flr-37	1	48	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	1	49	email	email	NOUN
flr-37	1	50	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	1	51	hilde.haider@uni-koeln.de	hilde.haider@uni-koeln.de	PROPN
flr-37	1	52	http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v2i1.37	http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v2i1.37	PROPN
flr-37	1	53	1	1	NUM
flr-37	2	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	2	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	2	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	2	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	3	1	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	3	2	we	we	PRON
flr-37	3	3	use	use	VERB
flr-37	3	4	what	what	PRON
flr-37	3	5	we	we	PRON
flr-37	3	6	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	3	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	3	8	math	math	NOUN
flr-37	3	9	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	3	10	an	an	DET
flr-37	3	11	integrative	integrative	ADJ
flr-37	3	12	account	account	NOUN
flr-37	3	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	3	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	3	15	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	3	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	3	17	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	3	18	hilde	hilde	PROPN
flr-37	3	19	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	3	20	a	a	PROPN
flr-37	3	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	22	alexandra	alexandra	PROPN
flr-37	3	23	eichler	eichler	PROPN
flr-37	3	24	a	a	PROPN
flr-37	3	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	26	sonja	sonja	PROPN
flr-37	3	27	hansen	hansen	PROPN
flr-37	3	28	a	a	PROPN
flr-37	3	29	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	30	bianca	bianca	PROPN
flr-37	3	31	vaterrodt	vaterrodt	PROPN
flr-37	3	32	b	b	PROPN
flr-37	3	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	34	robert	robert	PROPN
flr-37	3	35	gaschler	gaschler	PROPN
flr-37	3	36	c	c	PROPN
flr-37	3	37	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	38	peter	peter	PROPN
flr-37	3	39	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	3	40	frensch	frensch	PROPN
flr-37	3	41	b	b	PROPN
flr-37	3	42	a	a	DET
flr-37	3	43	university	university	NOUN
flr-37	3	44	of	of	ADP
flr-37	3	45	cologne	cologne	NOUN
flr-37	3	46	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	47	germany	germany	PROPN
flr-37	3	48	b	b	PROPN
flr-37	3	49	humboldt	humboldt	PROPN
flr-37	3	50	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	3	51	university	university	PROPN
flr-37	3	52	berlin	berlin	PROPN
flr-37	3	53	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	54	germany	germany	PROPN
flr-37	3	55	c	c	PROPN
flr-37	3	56	university	university	PROPN
flr-37	3	57	koblenz	koblenz	PROPN
flr-37	3	58	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	3	59	landau	landau	PROPN
flr-37	3	60	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	3	61	germany	germany	PROPN
flr-37	3	62	article	article	NOUN
flr-37	3	63	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	3	64	28	28	NUM
flr-37	3	65	may	may	PROPN
flr-37	3	66	2013	2013	NUM
flr-37	3	67	/	/	SYM
flr-37	3	68	revised	revise	VERB
flr-37	3	69	6	6	NUM
flr-37	3	70	january	january	NOUN
flr-37	3	71	2014/	2014/	NUM
flr-37	3	72	accepted	accept	VERB
flr-37	3	73	16	16	NUM
flr-37	3	74	january	january	PROPN
flr-37	3	75	2014	2014	NUM
flr-37	3	76	/	/	SYM
flr-37	3	77	available	available	ADJ
flr-37	3	78	online	online	ADJ
flr-37	3	79	27	27	NUM
flr-37	3	80	january	january	NOUN
flr-37	3	81	2014	2014	NUM
flr-37	3	82	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	3	83	one	one	NUM
flr-37	3	84	crucial	crucial	ADJ
flr-37	3	85	issue	issue	NOUN
flr-37	3	86	in	in	ADP
flr-37	3	87	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
flr-37	3	88	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	3	89	is	be	AUX
flr-37	3	90	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	3	91	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	3	92	come	come	VERB
flr-37	3	93	to	to	PART
flr-37	3	94	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	3	95	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	3	96	arithmetical	arithmetical	ADJ
flr-37	3	97	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	3	98	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	3	99	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	3	100	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	3	101	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	3	102	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	4	1	according	accord	VERB
flr-37	4	2	to	to	ADP
flr-37	4	3	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	4	4	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	4	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	4	6	well	well	ADV
flr-37	4	7	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	4	8	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	4	9	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	4	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	4	11	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	4	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	4	13	is	be	AUX
flr-37	4	14	required	require	VERB
flr-37	4	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	5	1	here	here	ADV
flr-37	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	5	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	5	4	report	report	VERB
flr-37	5	5	a	a	DET
flr-37	5	6	method	method	NOUN
flr-37	5	7	composed	compose	VERB
flr-37	5	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	5	9	two	two	NUM
flr-37	5	10	independent	independent	ADJ
flr-37	5	11	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	5	12	that	that	PRON
flr-37	5	13	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	5	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	5	15	an	an	DET
flr-37	5	16	unobtrusive	unobtrusive	ADJ
flr-37	5	17	manner	manner	NOUN
flr-37	5	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	5	19	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	5	20	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	5	21	of	of	ADP
flr-37	5	22	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	5	23	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	5	24	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	5	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	5	26	about	about	ADP
flr-37	5	27	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	5	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	6	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	6	2	allowed	allow	VERB
flr-37	6	3	us	we	PRON
flr-37	6	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	6	5	ask	ask	VERB
flr-37	6	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	6	7	1	1	NUM
flr-37	6	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	6	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	6	10	which	which	PRON
flr-37	6	11	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	6	12	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	6	13	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	6	14	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	6	15	this	this	DET
flr-37	6	16	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	6	17	in	in	ADP
flr-37	6	18	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	6	19	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	6	20	formats	format	NOUN
flr-37	6	21	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	6	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	6	23	2	2	NUM
flr-37	6	24	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	6	25	in	in	ADP
flr-37	6	26	which	which	DET
flr-37	6	27	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	6	28	they	they	PRON
flr-37	6	29	start	start	VERB
flr-37	6	30	to	to	PART
flr-37	6	31	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	6	32	an	an	DET
flr-37	6	33	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	6	34	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	6	35	of	of	ADP
flr-37	6	36	the	the	DET
flr-37	6	37	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	6	38	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	7	1	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	7	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	7	3	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	7	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	7	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	7	6	8	8	NUM
flr-37	7	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	7	8	9	9	NUM
flr-37	7	9	year	year	NOUN
flr-37	7	10	olds	old	NOUN
flr-37	7	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	7	12	163	163	NUM
flr-37	7	13	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	7	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	7	15	180	180	NUM
flr-37	7	16	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	7	17	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	7	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	7	19	as	as	ADV
flr-37	7	20	well	well	ADV
flr-37	7	21	as	as	ADP
flr-37	7	22	46	46	NUM
flr-37	7	23	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	7	24	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	7	25	was	be	AUX
flr-37	7	26	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	7	27	independently	independently	ADV
flr-37	7	28	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	7	29	without	without	ADP
flr-37	7	30	any	any	DET
flr-37	7	31	hint	hint	NOUN
flr-37	7	32	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	7	33	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	7	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	8	1	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	8	2	indicated	indicate	VERB
flr-37	8	3	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	8	4	as	as	ADV
flr-37	8	5	well	well	ADV
flr-37	8	6	as	as	ADP
flr-37	8	7	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	8	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	8	9	about	about	ADP
flr-37	8	10	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	8	11	for	for	ADP
flr-37	8	12	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	8	13	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	8	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	9	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	9	3	their	their	PRON
flr-37	9	4	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	9	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	9	6	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	9	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	9	8	was	be	AUX
flr-37	9	9	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ
flr-37	9	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	10	1	an	an	DET
flr-37	10	2	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	10	3	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	10	4	between	between	ADP
flr-37	10	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	10	6	two	two	NUM
flr-37	10	7	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	10	8	first	first	ADV
flr-37	10	9	emerged	emerge	VERB
flr-37	10	10	with	with	ADP
flr-37	10	11	some	some	PRON
flr-37	10	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	10	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	10	14	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	10	15	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	10	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	10	17	was	be	AUX
flr-37	10	18	further	far	ADV
flr-37	10	19	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
flr-37	10	20	for	for	ADP
flr-37	10	21	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	10	22	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	10	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	11	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
flr-37	11	2	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	11	3	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	11	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	11	5	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	11	6	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	11	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	11	8	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	11	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	11	10	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	11	11	integrated	integrated	ADJ
flr-37	11	12	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	11	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	12	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	12	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	12	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	12	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	12	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	12	6	2	2	NUM
flr-37	13	1	|	|	NOUN
flr-37	13	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	13	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	13	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	13	5	1	1	NUM
flr-37	13	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	14	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
flr-37	14	2	one	one	NUM
flr-37	14	3	major	major	ADJ
flr-37	14	4	skill	skill	NOUN
flr-37	14	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	14	6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
flr-37	14	7	is	be	AUX
flr-37	14	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	14	9	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
flr-37	14	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	14	11	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	14	12	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	14	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	15	1	that	that	PRON
flr-37	15	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	15	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	4	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	15	5	should	should	AUX
flr-37	15	6	be	be	AUX
flr-37	15	7	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	15	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	15	9	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
flr-37	15	10	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	15	11	those	those	DET
flr-37	15	12	constraints	constraint	NOUN
flr-37	15	13	that	that	PRON
flr-37	15	14	allow	allow	VERB
flr-37	15	15	to	to	PART
flr-37	15	16	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	15	17	a	a	DET
flr-37	15	18	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	15	19	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	15	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	15	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	15	22	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	15	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	24	torbeyns	torbeyns	ADJ
flr-37	15	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	26	de	de	X
flr-37	15	27	smedt	smedt	X
flr-37	15	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	29	ghesquière	ghesquière	NOUN
flr-37	15	30	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	15	31	verschaffel	verschaffel	ADJ
flr-37	15	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	33	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	15	34	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	15	35	verschaffel	verschaffel	ADJ
flr-37	15	36	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	37	luwel	luwel	ADJ
flr-37	15	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	39	torbeyns	torbeyns	NOUN
flr-37	15	40	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	15	41	van	van	PROPN
flr-37	15	42	dooren	dooren	PROPN
flr-37	15	43	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	15	44	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	15	45	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	15	46	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	16	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	16	2	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	16	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	16	4	in	in	ADP
flr-37	16	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	16	6	pisa	pisa	PROPN
flr-37	16	7	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	16	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
flr-37	16	9	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	16	10	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	16	11	have	have	VERB
flr-37	16	12	to	to	PART
flr-37	16	13	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	16	14	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	16	15	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	16	16	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	16	17	in	in	ADP
flr-37	16	18	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	16	19	to	to	PART
flr-37	16	20	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	16	21	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	16	22	in	in	ADP
flr-37	16	23	real	real	ADJ
flr-37	16	24	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	16	25	world	world	NOUN
flr-37	16	26	contexts	contexts	NOUN
flr-37	16	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	17	1	given	give	VERB
flr-37	17	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	17	3	important	important	ADJ
flr-37	17	4	role	role	NOUN
flr-37	17	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	17	6	self	self	NOUN
flr-37	17	7	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	17	8	guided	guide	VERB
flr-37	17	9	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	17	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	17	11	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	17	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	17	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	17	14	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	17	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	17	16	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	17	17	abilities	ability	NOUN
flr-37	17	18	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	17	19	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	17	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	21	some	some	DET
flr-37	17	22	recent	recent	ADJ
flr-37	17	23	studies	study	NOUN
flr-37	17	24	have	have	AUX
flr-37	17	25	started	start	VERB
flr-37	17	26	to	to	PART
flr-37	17	27	focus	focus	VERB
flr-37	17	28	on	on	ADP
flr-37	17	29	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	17	30	recognition	recognition	NOUN
flr-37	17	31	of	of	ADP
flr-37	17	32	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	17	33	aspects	aspect	NOUN
flr-37	17	34	in	in	ADP
flr-37	17	35	natural	natural	ADJ
flr-37	17	36	surroundings	surrounding	NOUN
flr-37	17	37	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	17	38	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	17	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	40	hannula	hannula	PROPN
flr-37	17	41	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	42	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	17	43	lehtinen	lehtinen	PROPN
flr-37	17	44	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	45	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	17	46	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	17	47	hannula	hannula	PROPN
flr-37	17	48	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	49	lepola	lepola	PROPN
flr-37	17	50	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	51	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	17	52	lehtinen	lehtinen	PROPN
flr-37	17	53	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	54	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	17	55	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	17	56	mcmullen	mcmullen	PROPN
flr-37	17	57	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	58	hannula	hannula	PROPN
flr-37	17	59	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	17	60	sormunen	sormunen	PROPN
flr-37	17	61	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	62	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	17	63	lehtinen	lehtinen	PROPN
flr-37	17	64	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	17	65	2011	2011	NUM
flr-37	17	66	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	17	67	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	18	1	an	an	DET
flr-37	18	2	important	important	ADJ
flr-37	18	3	question	question	NOUN
flr-37	18	4	with	with	ADP
flr-37	18	5	regard	regard	NOUN
flr-37	18	6	to	to	ADP
flr-37	18	7	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	18	8	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	18	9	is	be	AUX
flr-37	18	10	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	18	11	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	18	12	come	come	VERB
flr-37	18	13	to	to	PART
flr-37	18	14	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	18	15	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	18	16	they	they	PRON
flr-37	18	17	can	can	AUX
flr-37	18	18	use	use	VERB
flr-37	18	19	a	a	DET
flr-37	18	20	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	18	21	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	18	22	in	in	ADP
flr-37	18	23	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	18	24	to	to	PART
flr-37	18	25	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
flr-37	18	26	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	18	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	19	1	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	19	2	to	to	PART
flr-37	19	3	put	put	VERB
flr-37	19	4	it	it	PRON
flr-37	19	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	19	6	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	19	7	words	word	NOUN
flr-37	19	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	19	9	what	what	DET
flr-37	19	10	kind	kind	NOUN
flr-37	19	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	19	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	19	13	underlies	underlie	VERB
flr-37	19	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	19	15	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	19	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	19	17	adaptively	adaptively	ADV
flr-37	19	18	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	19	19	a	a	DET
flr-37	19	20	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	19	21	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	19	22	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	19	23	whenever	whenever	SCONJ
flr-37	19	24	it	it	PRON
flr-37	19	25	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
flr-37	19	26	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	19	27	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	20	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	20	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	20	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	20	4	on	on	ADP
flr-37	20	5	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	20	6	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	20	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	20	8	it	it	PRON
flr-37	20	9	is	be	AUX
flr-37	20	10	widely	widely	ADV
flr-37	20	11	accepted	accept	VERB
flr-37	20	12	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	20	13	this	this	DET
flr-37	20	14	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	20	15	is	be	AUX
flr-37	20	16	not	not	PART
flr-37	20	17	only	only	ADV
flr-37	20	18	based	base	VERB
flr-37	20	19	on	on	ADP
flr-37	20	20	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	20	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	20	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	20	23	knowing	know	VERB
flr-37	20	24	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	20	25	to	to	PART
flr-37	20	26	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	20	27	a	a	DET
flr-37	20	28	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	20	29	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	20	30	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	20	31	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	20	32	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	20	33	also	also	ADV
flr-37	20	34	on	on	ADP
flr-37	20	35	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	20	36	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	20	37	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	20	38	knowing	know	VERB
flr-37	20	39	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	20	40	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	20	41	why	why	SCONJ
flr-37	20	42	a	a	DET
flr-37	20	43	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	20	44	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	20	45	applies	applie	NOUN
flr-37	20	46	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	20	47	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	21	1	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	21	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	21	3	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	21	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	21	5	should	should	AUX
flr-37	21	6	be	be	AUX
flr-37	21	7	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	21	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	21	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	21	10	resulting	result	VERB
flr-37	21	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	21	12	base	base	NOUN
flr-37	21	13	should	should	AUX
flr-37	21	14	be	be	AUX
flr-37	21	15	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	21	16	enough	enough	ADV
flr-37	21	17	to	to	PART
flr-37	21	18	ensure	ensure	VERB
flr-37	21	19	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
flr-37	21	20	in	in	ADP
flr-37	21	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	21	22	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	21	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	21	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	21	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	26	anderson	anderson	PROPN
flr-37	21	27	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	21	28	schunn	schunn	PROPN
flr-37	21	29	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	30	2000	2000	NUM
flr-37	21	31	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	21	32	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	21	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	34	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	21	35	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	21	36	gentner	gentner	NOUN
flr-37	21	37	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	21	38	toupin	toupin	NOUN
flr-37	21	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	40	1986	1986	NUM
flr-37	21	41	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	21	42	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	21	43	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	21	44	frensch	frensch	PROPN
flr-37	21	45	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	46	1996	1996	NUM
flr-37	21	47	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	21	48	koedinger	koedinger	PROPN
flr-37	21	49	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	21	50	anderson	anderson	PROPN
flr-37	21	51	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	52	1990	1990	NUM
flr-37	21	53	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	21	54	star	star	NOUN
flr-37	21	55	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	21	56	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	21	57	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	22	1	verschaffel	verschaffel	PROPN
flr-37	22	2	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	22	3	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	22	4	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	22	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	22	6	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	22	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	22	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	23	1	as	as	ADP
flr-37	23	2	one	one	NUM
flr-37	23	3	example	example	NOUN
flr-37	23	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	23	5	linking	link	VERB
flr-37	23	6	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	23	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	23	8	procedures	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	23	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	23	10	this	this	DET
flr-37	23	11	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	23	12	has	have	AUX
flr-37	23	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	23	14	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	23	15	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	23	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	23	17	is	be	AUX
flr-37	23	18	important	important	ADJ
flr-37	23	19	to	to	PART
flr-37	23	20	guide	guide	VERB
flr-37	23	21	attention	attention	NOUN
flr-37	23	22	to	to	ADP
flr-37	23	23	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	23	24	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	23	25	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	23	26	in	in	ADP
flr-37	23	27	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	23	28	to	to	PART
flr-37	23	29	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	23	30	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	23	31	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	23	32	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	23	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	23	34	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	23	35	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	23	36	rosu	rosu	PROPN
flr-37	23	37	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	23	38	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	23	39	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	23	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	24	1	an	an	DET
flr-37	24	2	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	24	3	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	24	4	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	24	5	might	might	AUX
flr-37	24	6	also	also	ADV
flr-37	24	7	be	be	AUX
flr-37	24	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	24	9	particular	particular	ADJ
flr-37	24	10	importance	importance	NOUN
flr-37	24	11	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	24	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	24	13	has	have	VERB
flr-37	24	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	24	15	be	be	AUX
flr-37	24	16	transferred	transfer	VERB
flr-37	24	17	from	from	ADP
flr-37	24	18	one	one	NUM
flr-37	24	19	domain	domain	NOUN
flr-37	24	20	to	to	ADP
flr-37	24	21	another	another	PRON
flr-37	24	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	24	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	24	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	24	25	goldstone	goldstone	NOUN
flr-37	24	26	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	24	27	sakamoto	sakamoto	PROPN
flr-37	24	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	24	29	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	24	30	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	24	31	kaminsky	kaminsky	PROPN
flr-37	24	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	24	33	sloutsky	sloutsky	NOUN
flr-37	24	34	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	24	35	heckler	heckler	NOUN
flr-37	24	36	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	24	37	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	24	38	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	24	39	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	25	1	it	it	PRON
flr-37	25	2	supports	support	VERB
flr-37	25	3	flexible	flexible	ADJ
flr-37	25	4	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	25	5	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	25	6	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	25	7	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	25	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	25	9	which	which	PRON
flr-37	25	10	a	a	DET
flr-37	25	11	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	25	12	applies	apply	VERB
flr-37	25	13	are	be	AUX
flr-37	25	14	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	25	15	mixed	mix	VERB
flr-37	25	16	with	with	ADP
flr-37	25	17	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	25	18	to	to	PART
flr-37	25	19	which	which	PRON
flr-37	25	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	25	21	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	25	22	does	do	AUX
flr-37	25	23	not	not	PART
flr-37	25	24	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	25	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	26	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	26	2	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	26	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	26	4	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	26	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	26	6	stern	stern	ADJ
flr-37	26	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	26	8	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	26	9	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	26	10	have	have	AUX
flr-37	26	11	shown	show	VERB
flr-37	26	12	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	26	13	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	26	14	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	26	15	relied	rely	VERB
flr-37	26	16	less	less	ADV
flr-37	26	17	on	on	ADP
flr-37	26	18	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	26	19	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	26	20	based	base	VERB
flr-37	26	21	procedures	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	26	22	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	26	23	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	26	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	26	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	26	26	a	a	DET
flr-37	26	27	+	+	NOUN
flr-37	26	28	b	b	X
flr-37	26	29	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	26	30	b	b	NOUN
flr-37	26	31	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	26	32	were	be	AUX
flr-37	26	33	randomly	randomly	ADV
flr-37	26	34	interspersed	intersperse	VERB
flr-37	26	35	with	with	ADP
flr-37	26	36	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	26	37	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	26	38	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	26	39	a	a	DET
flr-37	26	40	+	+	NOUN
flr-37	26	41	b	b	X
flr-37	26	42	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	26	43	c	c	NOUN
flr-37	26	44	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	26	45	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	26	46	to	to	ADP
flr-37	26	47	blocked	block	VERB
flr-37	26	48	presentation	presentation	NOUN
flr-37	26	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	27	1	mixed	mixed	ADJ
flr-37	27	2	presentation	presentation	NOUN
flr-37	27	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	27	4	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	27	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	27	6	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	27	7	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	27	8	hindered	hinder	VERB
flr-37	27	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	27	10	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	27	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	27	12	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	27	13	short	short	ADJ
flr-37	27	14	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	27	15	cuts	cut	NOUN
flr-37	27	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	28	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	28	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	28	3	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	28	4	younger	young	ADJ
flr-37	28	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	28	6	do	do	AUX
flr-37	28	7	not	not	PART
flr-37	28	8	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
flr-37	28	9	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	28	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	28	11	constraints	constraint	NOUN
flr-37	28	12	important	important	ADJ
flr-37	28	13	for	for	ADP
flr-37	28	14	applying	apply	VERB
flr-37	28	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	28	16	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	28	17	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	28	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	29	1	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	29	3	they	they	PRON
flr-37	29	4	simply	simply	ADV
flr-37	29	5	seem	seem	VERB
flr-37	29	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	29	7	know	know	VERB
flr-37	29	8	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	29	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	29	10	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	29	11	applies	apply	VERB
flr-37	29	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	29	13	a	a	DET
flr-37	29	14	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	29	15	class	class	NOUN
flr-37	29	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	29	17	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	29	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	30	1	likely	likely	ADV
flr-37	30	2	they	they	PRON
flr-37	30	3	can	can	AUX
flr-37	30	4	not	not	PART
flr-37	30	5	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	30	6	on	on	ADP
flr-37	30	7	a	a	DET
flr-37	30	8	well	well	ADV
flr-37	30	9	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	30	11	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	30	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	30	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	30	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	30	15	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	30	16	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	30	17	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	30	18	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	30	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	30	20	they	they	PRON
flr-37	30	21	have	have	AUX
flr-37	30	22	not	not	PART
flr-37	30	23	yet	yet	ADV
flr-37	30	24	developed	develop	VERB
flr-37	30	25	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	30	26	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	30	27	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	30	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	31	1	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	31	3	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	31	4	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	31	5	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	31	6	do	do	AUX
flr-37	31	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	31	8	develop	develop	VERB
flr-37	31	9	an	an	DET
flr-37	31	10	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	31	11	representation	representation	NOUN
flr-37	31	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	31	13	basic	basic	ADJ
flr-37	31	14	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	31	15	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	31	16	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	32	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	32	2	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	32	3	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	32	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	32	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	32	6	current	current	ADJ
flr-37	32	7	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	32	8	was	be	AUX
flr-37	32	9	to	to	PART
flr-37	32	10	develop	develop	VERB
flr-37	32	11	a	a	DET
flr-37	32	12	method	method	NOUN
flr-37	32	13	to	to	PART
flr-37	32	14	unobtrusively	unobtrusively	ADV
flr-37	32	15	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	32	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	32	17	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	32	18	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	32	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	32	20	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	32	21	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	32	22	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	32	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	32	24	taking	take	VERB
flr-37	32	25	the	the	DET
flr-37	32	26	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	32	27	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	32	28	as	as	ADP
flr-37	32	29	a	a	DET
flr-37	32	30	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	32	31	case	case	NOUN
flr-37	32	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	33	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	33	2	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	33	3	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	33	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	33	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	33	6	shed	shed	VERB
flr-37	33	7	some	some	DET
flr-37	33	8	light	light	NOUN
flr-37	33	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	33	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	33	11	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	33	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	33	13	an	an	DET
flr-37	33	14	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	33	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	33	16	well	well	ADV
flr-37	33	17	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	33	18	representation	representation	NOUN
flr-37	33	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	33	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	33	21	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	33	22	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	33	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	34	1	with	with	ADP
flr-37	34	2	regard	regard	NOUN
flr-37	34	3	to	to	ADP
flr-37	34	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	34	5	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	34	6	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	34	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	34	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	34	9	pursued	pursue	VERB
flr-37	34	10	to	to	ADP
flr-37	34	11	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	34	12	questions	question	NOUN
flr-37	34	13	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	34	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	34	15	1	1	X
flr-37	34	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	34	17	in	in	ADP
flr-37	34	18	which	which	DET
flr-37	34	19	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	34	20	are	be	AUX
flr-37	34	21	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	34	22	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	34	23	to	to	PART
flr-37	34	24	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	34	25	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	34	26	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	34	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	34	28	in	in	ADP
flr-37	34	29	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	34	30	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	34	31	formats	format	NOUN
flr-37	34	32	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	34	33	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	34	34	2	2	NUM
flr-37	34	35	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	34	36	in	in	ADP
flr-37	34	37	which	which	PRON
flr-37	34	38	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	34	39	starts	start	VERB
flr-37	34	40	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	34	41	expressed	express	VERB
flr-37	34	42	in	in	ADP
flr-37	34	43	the	the	DET
flr-37	34	44	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	34	45	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	34	46	to	to	PART
flr-37	34	47	correlate	correlate	VERB
flr-37	34	48	with	with	ADP
flr-37	34	49	oneanother	oneanother	NOUN
flr-37	34	50	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	35	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	35	2	this	this	DET
flr-37	35	3	purpose	purpose	NOUN
flr-37	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	35	5	we	we	PRON
flr-37	35	6	investigated	investigate	VERB
flr-37	35	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	35	8	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
flr-37	35	9	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	35	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	35	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	35	12	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	35	13	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	35	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	35	15	two	two	NUM
flr-37	35	16	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	35	17	situations	situation	NOUN
flr-37	35	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	36	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	36	2	term	term	NOUN
flr-37	36	3	“	"	PUNCT
flr-37	36	4	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
flr-37	36	5	”	"	PUNCT
flr-37	36	6	means	mean	VERB
flr-37	36	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	36	8	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	36	9	did	do	AUX
flr-37	36	10	not	not	PART
flr-37	36	11	receive	receive	VERB
flr-37	36	12	any	any	DET
flr-37	36	13	hint	hint	NOUN
flr-37	36	14	about	about	ADP
flr-37	36	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	36	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	36	17	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	36	18	at	at	ADV
flr-37	36	19	all	all	ADV
flr-37	36	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	36	21	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	36	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	36	23	torbeyns	torbeyn	VERB
flr-37	36	24	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	36	25	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	36	26	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	36	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	36	28	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	36	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	36	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	37	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	37	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	37	3	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	37	4	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	37	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	37	6	simply	simply	ADV
flr-37	37	7	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	37	8	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	37	9	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	37	10	that	that	PRON
flr-37	37	11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
flr-37	37	12	allowed	allow	VERB
flr-37	37	13	for	for	ADP
flr-37	37	14	a	a	DET
flr-37	37	15	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	37	16	based	base	VERB
flr-37	37	17	on	on	ADP
flr-37	37	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	37	19	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	37	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	37	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	37	22	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	37	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	37	24	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	37	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	38	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	38	2	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	38	3	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	38	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	38	5	aimed	aim	VERB
flr-37	38	6	at	at	ADP
flr-37	38	7	assessing	assess	VERB
flr-37	38	8	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	38	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	38	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	39	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	39	2	were	be	AUX
flr-37	39	3	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	39	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	39	5	mark	mark	VERB
flr-37	39	6	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	39	7	without	without	ADP
flr-37	39	8	solving	solve	VERB
flr-37	39	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	39	10	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	39	11	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	39	12	those	those	DET
flr-37	39	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	39	14	that	that	PRON
flr-37	39	15	they	they	PRON
flr-37	39	16	believed	believe	VERB
flr-37	39	17	could	could	AUX
flr-37	39	18	be	be	AUX
flr-37	39	19	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	39	20	without	without	ADP
flr-37	39	21	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	39	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	40	1	hence	hence	ADV
flr-37	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	40	3	this	this	DET
flr-37	40	4	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	40	5	required	require	VERB
flr-37	40	6	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	40	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	40	8	realize	realize	VERB
flr-37	40	9	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	40	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	40	11	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	40	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	40	13	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	40	14	does	do	AUX
flr-37	40	15	not	not	PART
flr-37	40	16	change	change	VERB
flr-37	40	17	cardinality	cardinality	NOUN
flr-37	40	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	41	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	41	2	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	41	3	between	between	ADP
flr-37	41	4	these	these	DET
flr-37	41	5	two	two	NUM
flr-37	41	6	independent	independent	ADJ
flr-37	41	7	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	41	8	allowed	allow	VERB
flr-37	41	9	us	we	PRON
flr-37	41	10	to	to	PART
flr-37	41	11	gauge	gauge	VERB
flr-37	41	12	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	41	13	well	well	ADV
flr-37	41	14	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	41	15	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	41	16	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	41	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	41	18	was	be	AUX
flr-37	41	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	42	1	focusing	focus	VERB
flr-37	42	2	on	on	ADP
flr-37	42	3	just	just	ADV
flr-37	42	4	two	two	NUM
flr-37	42	5	unobtrusive	unobtrusive	ADJ
flr-37	42	6	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	42	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	42	8	one	one	NUM
flr-37	42	9	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	42	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	42	11	one	one	NUM
flr-37	42	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	42	13	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	42	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	42	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	42	16	current	current	ADJ
flr-37	42	17	work	work	NOUN
flr-37	42	18	can	can	AUX
flr-37	42	19	potentially	potentially	ADV
flr-37	42	20	lay	lay	VERB
flr-37	42	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	42	22	ground	ground	NOUN
flr-37	42	23	to	to	PART
flr-37	42	24	develop	develop	VERB
flr-37	42	25	multi	multi	ADJ
flr-37	42	26	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	42	27	method	method	ADJ
flr-37	42	28	approaches	approach	NOUN
flr-37	42	29	in	in	ADP
flr-37	42	30	the	the	DET
flr-37	42	31	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	42	32	spirit	spirit	NOUN
flr-37	42	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	42	34	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
flr-37	42	35	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	42	36	multiple	multiple	ADJ
flr-37	42	37	testing	testing	NOUN
flr-37	42	38	does	do	AUX
flr-37	42	39	not	not	PART
flr-37	42	40	cue	cue	VERB
flr-37	42	41	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	42	42	towards	towards	ADP
flr-37	42	43	what	what	PRON
flr-37	42	44	the	the	DET
flr-37	42	45	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	42	46	situation	situation	NOUN
flr-37	42	47	is	be	AUX
flr-37	42	48	about	about	ADP
flr-37	42	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	43	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	43	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	43	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	43	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	43	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	44	1	3	3	NUM
flr-37	45	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	45	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	45	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	45	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	45	5	we	we	PRON
flr-37	45	6	focused	focus	VERB
flr-37	45	7	on	on	ADP
flr-37	45	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	45	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	45	10	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	45	11	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	45	12	it	it	PRON
flr-37	45	13	is	be	AUX
flr-37	45	14	one	one	NUM
flr-37	45	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	45	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	45	17	most	most	ADV
flr-37	45	18	basic	basic	ADJ
flr-37	45	19	properties	property	NOUN
flr-37	45	20	in	in	ADP
flr-37	45	21	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	46	1	it	it	PRON
flr-37	46	2	refers	refer	VERB
flr-37	46	3	to	to	ADP
flr-37	46	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	46	5	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	46	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	46	7	changing	change	VERB
flr-37	46	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	46	9	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	46	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	46	11	operands	operand	NOUN
flr-37	46	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	46	13	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	46	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	46	15	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
flr-37	46	16	does	do	AUX
flr-37	46	17	not	not	PART
flr-37	46	18	change	change	VERB
flr-37	46	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	46	20	end	end	NOUN
flr-37	46	21	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	46	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	47	1	it	it	PRON
flr-37	47	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	47	3	known	know	VERB
flr-37	47	4	as	as	ADP
flr-37	47	5	a	a	DET
flr-37	47	6	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
flr-37	47	7	property	property	NOUN
flr-37	47	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	47	9	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	47	10	binary	binary	ADJ
flr-37	47	11	operations	operation	NOUN
flr-37	47	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	48	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	48	2	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	48	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	48	4	simple	simple	ADJ
flr-37	48	5	operations	operation	NOUN
flr-37	48	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	48	7	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	48	8	as	as	ADP
flr-37	48	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	48	10	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
flr-37	48	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	48	12	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	48	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	48	14	numbers	number	NOUN
flr-37	48	15	are	be	AUX
flr-37	48	16	usually	usually	ADV
flr-37	48	17	acquired	acquire	VERB
flr-37	48	18	throughout	throughout	ADP
flr-37	48	19	elementary	elementary	ADJ
flr-37	48	20	school	school	NOUN
flr-37	48	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	49	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	49	3	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	49	4	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	49	5	proofs	proof	NOUN
flr-37	49	6	also	also	ADV
flr-37	49	7	depend	depend	VERB
flr-37	49	8	on	on	ADP
flr-37	49	9	this	this	DET
flr-37	49	10	property	property	NOUN
flr-37	49	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	50	1	1.1	1.1	NUM
flr-37	50	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	50	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	50	4	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	50	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	50	6	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	50	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	50	8	about	about	ADP
flr-37	50	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	50	10	former	former	ADJ
flr-37	50	11	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	50	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	50	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	50	14	field	field	NOUN
flr-37	50	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	50	16	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	50	17	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	50	18	has	have	AUX
flr-37	50	19	already	already	ADV
flr-37	50	20	shown	show	VERB
flr-37	50	21	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	50	22	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	50	23	acquire	acquire	VERB
flr-37	50	24	informal	informal	ADJ
flr-37	50	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	50	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	50	27	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	50	28	as	as	ADP
flr-37	50	29	an	an	DET
flr-37	50	30	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	50	31	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	50	32	long	long	ADV
flr-37	50	33	before	before	SCONJ
flr-37	50	34	they	they	PRON
flr-37	50	35	enter	enter	VERB
flr-37	50	36	school	school	NOUN
flr-37	50	37	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	50	38	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	50	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	40	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	50	41	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	50	42	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	50	43	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	44	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	50	45	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	50	46	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	50	47	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	48	ginsburg	ginsburg	PROPN
flr-37	50	49	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	50	50	waxman	waxman	PROPN
flr-37	50	51	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	52	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	50	53	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	50	54	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	50	55	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	56	reeve	reeve	PROPN
flr-37	50	57	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	50	58	pattison	pattison	PROPN
flr-37	50	59	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	60	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	50	61	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	62	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	50	63	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	50	64	cowan	cowan	PROPN
flr-37	50	65	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	50	66	renton	renton	PROPN
flr-37	50	67	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	68	1996	1996	NUM
flr-37	50	69	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	50	70	resnick	resnick	PROPN
flr-37	50	71	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	72	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	50	73	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	50	74	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	50	75	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	50	76	jenkins	jenkins	PROPN
flr-37	50	77	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	78	1989	1989	NUM
flr-37	50	79	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	50	80	sophian	sophian	NOUN
flr-37	50	81	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	82	harley	harley	PROPN
flr-37	50	83	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	50	84	manos	manos	PROPN
flr-37	50	85	martin	martin	PROPN
flr-37	50	86	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	50	87	1995	1995	NUM
flr-37	50	88	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	50	89	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	51	1	one	one	NUM
flr-37	51	2	potential	potential	ADJ
flr-37	51	3	reason	reason	NOUN
flr-37	51	4	for	for	ADP
flr-37	51	5	this	this	DET
flr-37	51	6	early	early	ADJ
flr-37	51	7	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	51	8	is	be	AUX
flr-37	51	9	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	51	10	at	at	ADV
flr-37	51	11	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	51	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	51	13	core	core	ADJ
flr-37	51	14	property	property	NOUN
flr-37	51	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	51	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	51	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	51	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	51	19	orderirrelevance	orderirrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	51	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	51	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	51	22	applies	apply	VERB
flr-37	51	23	to	to	ADP
flr-37	51	24	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	51	25	non	non	ADJ
flr-37	51	26	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	51	27	numerical	numerical	ADJ
flr-37	51	28	situations	situation	NOUN
flr-37	51	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	52	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	52	2	example	example	NOUN
flr-37	52	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	52	4	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	52	5	may	may	AUX
flr-37	52	6	experience	experience	VERB
flr-37	52	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	52	8	some	some	DET
flr-37	52	9	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	52	10	require	require	VERB
flr-37	52	11	a	a	DET
flr-37	52	12	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	52	13	sequence	sequence	NOUN
flr-37	52	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	52	15	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	52	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	52	17	putting	put	VERB
flr-37	52	18	on	on	ADP
flr-37	52	19	one	one	NUM
flr-37	52	20	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	52	21	clothes	clothe	NOUN
flr-37	52	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	52	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	52	24	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
flr-37	52	25	others	other	NOUN
flr-37	52	26	do	do	AUX
flr-37	52	27	not	not	PART
flr-37	52	28	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	52	29	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	52	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	52	31	laying	lay	VERB
flr-37	52	32	the	the	DET
flr-37	52	33	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	52	34	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	52	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	53	1	already	already	ADV
flr-37	53	2	toddlers	toddler	NOUN
flr-37	53	3	have	have	VERB
flr-37	53	4	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	53	5	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
flr-37	53	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	53	7	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	53	8	that	that	DET
flr-37	53	9	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	53	10	does	do	AUX
flr-37	53	11	not	not	PART
flr-37	53	12	affect	affect	VERB
flr-37	53	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	53	14	end	end	NOUN
flr-37	53	15	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	53	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	53	17	some	some	DET
flr-37	53	18	situations	situation	NOUN
flr-37	53	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	53	20	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	53	21	does	do	VERB
flr-37	53	22	in	in	ADP
flr-37	53	23	others	other	NOUN
flr-37	53	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	54	1	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	54	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	54	3	irrelevance	irrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	54	4	is	be	AUX
flr-37	54	5	also	also	ADV
flr-37	54	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	54	7	core	core	NOUN
flr-37	54	8	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	54	9	for	for	ADP
flr-37	54	10	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	54	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	54	12	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	54	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	54	14	gelman	gelman	NOUN
flr-37	54	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	54	16	1990	1990	NUM
flr-37	54	17	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	54	18	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	54	19	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	54	20	gallistel	gallistel	PROPN
flr-37	54	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	54	22	1978	1978	NUM
flr-37	54	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	54	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	55	1	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	55	2	to	to	PART
flr-37	55	3	count	count	VERB
flr-37	55	4	requires	require	VERB
flr-37	55	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	55	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	55	7	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	55	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	55	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	55	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	55	11	one	one	NUM
flr-37	55	12	hand	hand	NOUN
flr-37	55	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	55	14	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	55	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	55	16	sequence	sequence	NOUN
flr-37	55	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	55	18	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	55	19	words	word	NOUN
flr-37	55	20	is	be	AUX
flr-37	55	21	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	55	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	56	1	on	on	ADP
flr-37	56	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	56	3	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	56	4	hand	hand	NOUN
flr-37	56	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	56	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	56	7	sequence	sequence	NOUN
flr-37	56	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	56	9	which	which	PRON
flr-37	56	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	56	11	objects	object	NOUN
flr-37	56	12	are	be	AUX
flr-37	56	13	counted	count	VERB
flr-37	56	14	is	be	AUX
flr-37	56	15	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ
flr-37	56	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	57	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
flr-37	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	57	3	briars	briar	NOUN
flr-37	57	4	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	57	5	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	57	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	57	7	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	57	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	57	9	found	find	VERB
flr-37	57	10	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	57	11	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	57	12	need	need	VERB
flr-37	57	13	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	57	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	57	15	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	57	16	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	57	17	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	57	18	irrelevance	irrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	57	19	in	in	ADP
flr-37	57	20	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	57	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	58	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
flr-37	58	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	58	3	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	58	4	is	be	AUX
flr-37	58	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	58	6	dominant	dominant	ADJ
flr-37	58	7	skill	skill	NOUN
flr-37	58	8	through	through	ADP
flr-37	58	9	which	which	PRON
flr-37	58	10	preschool	preschool	ADJ
flr-37	58	11	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	58	12	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	58	13	to	to	PART
flr-37	58	14	map	map	VERB
flr-37	58	15	concrete	concrete	ADJ
flr-37	58	16	objects	object	NOUN
flr-37	58	17	to	to	ADP
flr-37	58	18	numbers	number	NOUN
flr-37	58	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	59	1	also	also	ADV
flr-37	59	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	59	3	counting	count	VERB
flr-37	59	4	is	be	AUX
flr-37	59	5	one	one	NUM
flr-37	59	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	59	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	59	8	important	important	ADJ
flr-37	59	9	precursors	precursor	NOUN
flr-37	59	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	59	11	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	59	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	60	1	through	through	ADP
flr-37	60	2	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	60	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	60	4	pre	pre	ADJ
flr-37	60	5	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	60	6	school	school	ADJ
flr-37	60	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	60	8	can	can	AUX
flr-37	60	9	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	60	10	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	60	11	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	60	12	irrelevance	irrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	60	13	in	in	ADP
flr-37	60	14	a	a	DET
flr-37	60	15	numerical	numerical	ADJ
flr-37	60	16	manner	manner	NOUN
flr-37	60	17	before	before	ADP
flr-37	60	18	entering	enter	VERB
flr-37	60	19	school	school	NOUN
flr-37	60	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	61	1	they	they	PRON
flr-37	61	2	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	61	3	do	do	AUX
flr-37	61	4	not	not	PART
flr-37	61	5	only	only	ADV
flr-37	61	6	have	have	VERB
flr-37	61	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	61	8	chance	chance	NOUN
flr-37	61	9	to	to	PART
flr-37	61	10	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	61	11	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	61	12	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	61	13	irrelevance	irrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	61	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	61	15	a	a	DET
flr-37	61	16	non	non	ADJ
flr-37	61	17	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	61	18	numerical	numerical	ADJ
flr-37	61	19	manner	manner	NOUN
flr-37	61	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	62	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	3	even	even	ADV
flr-37	62	4	though	though	SCONJ
flr-37	62	5	considerable	considerable	ADJ
flr-37	62	6	interest	interest	NOUN
flr-37	62	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	62	8	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	62	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	62	10	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	62	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	62	12	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	62	13	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	62	14	emerged	emerge	VERB
flr-37	62	15	already	already	ADV
flr-37	62	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	62	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	62	18	1980s	1980	NOUN
flr-37	62	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	62	20	still	still	ADV
flr-37	62	21	continues	continue	VERB
flr-37	62	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	62	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	62	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	25	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	62	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	27	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	62	28	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	29	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	62	30	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	31	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	62	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	33	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	62	34	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	35	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	62	36	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	62	37	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	62	38	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	62	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	40	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	62	41	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	42	briars	briars	PROPN
flr-37	62	43	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	44	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	62	45	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	46	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	62	47	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	48	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	62	49	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	50	reeve	reeve	PROPN
flr-37	62	51	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	52	pattison	pattison	PROPN
flr-37	62	53	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	54	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	62	55	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	56	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	62	57	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	58	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	62	59	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	60	fuson	fuson	PROPN
flr-37	62	61	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	62	1988	1988	NUM
flr-37	62	63	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	64	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	62	65	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	66	gallistel	gallistel	PROPN
flr-37	62	67	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	68	1978	1978	NUM
flr-37	62	69	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	70	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	62	71	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	72	meck	meck	PROPN
flr-37	62	73	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	74	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	62	75	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	76	resnick	resnick	PROPN
flr-37	62	77	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	78	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	62	79	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	80	sophian	sophian	PROPN
flr-37	62	81	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	82	adams	adams	PROPN
flr-37	62	83	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	84	1987	1987	NUM
flr-37	62	85	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	62	86	starkey	starkey	NOUN
flr-37	62	87	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	62	88	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	62	89	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	90	1982	1982	NUM
flr-37	62	91	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	62	92	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	93	the	the	DET
flr-37	62	94	central	central	ADJ
flr-37	62	95	question	question	NOUN
flr-37	62	96	has	have	AUX
flr-37	62	97	not	not	PART
flr-37	62	98	been	be	AUX
flr-37	62	99	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	62	100	yet	yet	ADV
flr-37	62	101	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	62	102	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	62	103	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	62	104	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	62	105	do	do	AUX
flr-37	62	106	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	62	107	acquire	acquire	VERB
flr-37	62	108	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	62	109	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	62	110	representations	representation	NOUN
flr-37	62	111	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	62	112	in	in	ADP
flr-37	62	113	the	the	DET
flr-37	62	114	sense	sense	NOUN
flr-37	62	115	of	of	ADP
flr-37	62	116	true	true	ADJ
flr-37	62	117	formal	formal	ADJ
flr-37	62	118	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	62	119	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	62	120	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	63	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	63	2	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	63	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	63	4	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	63	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	63	6	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	63	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	63	8	stated	state	VERB
flr-37	63	9	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	63	10	it	it	PRON
flr-37	63	11	is	be	AUX
flr-37	63	12	not	not	PART
flr-37	63	13	clear	clear	ADJ
flr-37	63	14	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	63	15	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	63	16	“	"	PUNCT
flr-37	63	17	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
flr-37	63	18	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	63	19	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	63	20	as	as	ADP
flr-37	63	21	a	a	DET
flr-37	63	22	formal	formal	ADJ
flr-37	63	23	arithmetical	arithmetical	ADJ
flr-37	63	24	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	63	25	”	"	PUNCT
flr-37	63	26	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	63	27	p.	p.	NOUN
flr-37	63	28	791	791	NUM
flr-37	63	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	63	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	64	1	on	on	ADP
flr-37	64	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	64	3	one	one	NUM
flr-37	64	4	hand	hand	NOUN
flr-37	64	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	64	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	64	7	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
flr-37	64	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	64	9	answering	answer	VERB
flr-37	64	10	this	this	DET
flr-37	64	11	question	question	NOUN
flr-37	64	12	are	be	AUX
flr-37	64	13	due	due	ADJ
flr-37	64	14	to	to	ADP
flr-37	64	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	64	16	fact	fact	NOUN
flr-37	64	17	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	64	18	researchers	researcher	NOUN
flr-37	64	19	by	by	ADP
flr-37	64	20	no	no	DET
flr-37	64	21	means	mean	NOUN
flr-37	64	22	agree	agree	VERB
flr-37	64	23	upon	upon	SCONJ
flr-37	64	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	64	25	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
flr-37	64	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	64	27	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	64	28	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	64	29	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	64	30	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	64	31	that	that	PRON
flr-37	64	32	must	must	AUX
flr-37	64	33	be	be	AUX
flr-37	64	34	given	give	VERB
flr-37	64	35	in	in	ADP
flr-37	64	36	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	64	37	to	to	PART
flr-37	64	38	conclude	conclude	VERB
flr-37	64	39	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	64	40	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	64	41	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	64	42	an	an	DET
flr-37	64	43	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	64	44	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	64	45	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	64	46	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	64	47	cf	cf	NOUN
flr-37	64	48	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	64	49	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	64	50	star	star	NOUN
flr-37	64	51	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	64	52	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	64	53	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	64	54	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	65	1	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	65	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	65	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	65	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	65	5	most	most	ADJ
flr-37	65	6	researchers	researcher	NOUN
flr-37	65	7	agree	agree	VERB
flr-37	65	8	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	65	9	it	it	PRON
flr-37	65	10	refers	refer	VERB
flr-37	65	11	to	to	ADP
flr-37	65	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	65	13	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	65	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	65	15	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	65	16	a	a	DET
flr-37	65	17	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	65	18	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	65	19	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	65	20	performing	perform	VERB
flr-37	65	21	a	a	DET
flr-37	65	22	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	65	23	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	65	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	65	25	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	65	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	65	27	hiebert	hiebert	PROPN
flr-37	65	28	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	65	29	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	65	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	65	31	1986	1986	NUM
flr-37	65	32	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	65	33	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	66	1	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	66	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	66	3	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	66	4	metastrategic	metastrategic	ADJ
flr-37	66	5	competences	competence	NOUN
flr-37	66	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	66	7	kuhn	kuhn	PROPN
flr-37	66	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	9	garcia	garcia	PROPN
flr-37	66	10	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	66	11	mila	mila	PROPN
flr-37	66	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	13	zohar	zohar	PROPN
flr-37	66	14	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	66	15	andersen	andersen	PROPN
flr-37	66	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	17	1995	1995	NUM
flr-37	66	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	66	19	often	often	ADV
flr-37	66	20	is	be	AUX
flr-37	66	21	assumed	assume	VERB
flr-37	66	22	to	to	PART
flr-37	66	23	refer	refer	VERB
flr-37	66	24	to	to	ADP
flr-37	66	25	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	66	26	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	66	27	explicit	explicit	ADJ
flr-37	66	28	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	66	29	of	of	ADP
flr-37	66	30	a	a	DET
flr-37	66	31	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	66	32	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	66	33	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	66	34	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	66	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	36	why	why	SCONJ
flr-37	66	37	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	66	38	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	66	39	it	it	PRON
flr-37	66	40	is	be	AUX
flr-37	66	41	allowed	allow	VERB
flr-37	66	42	to	to	PART
flr-37	66	43	a	a	DET
flr-37	66	44	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	66	45	a	a	DET
flr-37	66	46	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	66	47	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	66	48	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	66	49	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	66	50	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	51	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	66	52	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	53	feil	feil	PROPN
flr-37	66	54	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	66	55	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	66	56	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	57	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	66	58	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	66	59	hiebert	hiebert	PROPN
flr-37	66	60	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	66	61	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	66	62	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	63	1986	1986	NUM
flr-37	66	64	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	66	65	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	66	66	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	66	67	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	66	68	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	69	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	66	70	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	66	71	alibali	alibali	PROPN
flr-37	66	72	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	66	73	2001	2001	NUM
flr-37	66	74	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	66	75	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	67	1	on	on	ADP
flr-37	67	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	67	3	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	67	4	hand	hand	NOUN
flr-37	67	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	67	6	there	there	PRON
flr-37	67	7	is	be	VERB
flr-37	67	8	no	no	DET
flr-37	67	9	consensus	consensus	NOUN
flr-37	67	10	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	67	11	best	good	ADJ
flr-37	67	12	to	to	PART
flr-37	67	13	assess	assess	VERB
flr-37	67	14	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	67	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	67	16	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	67	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	67	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	68	1	one	one	NOUN
flr-37	68	2	frequently	frequently	ADV
flr-37	68	3	used	use	VERB
flr-37	68	4	approach	approach	NOUN
flr-37	68	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	68	6	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	68	7	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	68	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	68	9	is	be	AUX
flr-37	68	10	to	to	PART
flr-37	68	11	ask	ask	VERB
flr-37	68	12	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	68	13	to	to	PART
flr-37	68	14	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	68	15	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	68	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	68	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	68	18	afterwards	afterwards	ADV
flr-37	68	19	have	have	VERB
flr-37	68	20	them	they	PRON
flr-37	68	21	explain	explain	VERB
flr-37	68	22	their	their	PRON
flr-37	68	23	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	68	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	68	25	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	68	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	27	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	68	28	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	68	29	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	68	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	31	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	68	32	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	68	33	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	68	34	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	35	ginsburg	ginsburg	PROPN
flr-37	68	36	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	68	37	waxman	waxman	PROPN
flr-37	68	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	39	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	68	40	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	68	41	bisanz	bisanz	PROPN
flr-37	68	42	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	68	43	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	68	44	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	45	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	68	46	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	68	47	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	68	48	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	68	49	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	68	50	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	68	51	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	52	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	68	53	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	54	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	68	55	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	56	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	68	57	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	68	58	cowan	cowan	PROPN
flr-37	68	59	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	68	60	renton	renton	PROPN
flr-37	68	61	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	68	62	1996	1996	NUM
flr-37	68	63	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	68	64	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	69	1	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	69	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	69	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	69	4	these	these	DET
flr-37	69	5	studies	study	NOUN
flr-37	69	6	has	have	AUX
flr-37	69	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	69	8	for	for	ADP
flr-37	69	9	example	example	NOUN
flr-37	69	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	69	11	been	be	AUX
flr-37	69	12	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	69	13	by	by	ADP
flr-37	69	14	letting	let	VERB
flr-37	69	15	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	69	16	observe	observe	VERB
flr-37	69	17	a	a	DET
flr-37	69	18	puppet	puppet	NOUN
flr-37	69	19	solving	solving	NOUN
flr-37	69	20	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	69	21	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	69	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	69	23	see	see	VERB
flr-37	69	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	69	25	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	69	26	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	69	27	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	69	28	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	69	29	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	69	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	69	31	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	69	32	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	69	33	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	69	34	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	69	35	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	69	36	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	69	37	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	69	38	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	69	39	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	70	1	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	70	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	70	3	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	70	4	on	on	ADP
flr-37	70	5	enquiry	enquiry	NOUN
flr-37	70	6	stated	state	VERB
flr-37	70	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	70	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	70	9	puppet	puppet	NOUN
flr-37	70	10	could	could	AUX
flr-37	70	11	know	know	VERB
flr-37	70	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	70	13	answer	answer	NOUN
flr-37	70	14	to	to	ADP
flr-37	70	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	70	16	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	70	17	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	70	18	from	from	ADP
flr-37	70	19	looking	look	VERB
flr-37	70	20	at	at	ADP
flr-37	70	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	70	22	previous	previous	ADJ
flr-37	70	23	one	one	NOUN
flr-37	70	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	70	25	he	he	PRON
flr-37	70	26	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	70	27	she	she	PRON
flr-37	70	28	was	be	AUX
flr-37	70	29	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	70	30	for	for	ADP
flr-37	70	31	reasons	reason	NOUN
flr-37	70	32	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	70	33	eventually	eventually	ADV
flr-37	70	34	prompted	prompt	VERB
flr-37	70	35	for	for	ADP
flr-37	70	36	more	more	ADV
flr-37	70	37	detailed	detailed	ADJ
flr-37	70	38	explanations	explanation	NOUN
flr-37	70	39	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	71	1	this	this	DET
flr-37	71	2	form	form	NOUN
flr-37	71	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	71	4	assessment	assessment	NOUN
flr-37	71	5	implies	imply	VERB
flr-37	71	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	71	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	71	8	are	be	AUX
flr-37	71	9	being	be	AUX
flr-37	71	10	informed	inform	VERB
flr-37	71	11	about	about	ADP
flr-37	71	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	71	13	underlying	underlying	ADJ
flr-37	71	14	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	71	15	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	71	16	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	71	17	at	at	ADP
flr-37	71	18	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	71	19	they	they	PRON
flr-37	71	20	are	be	AUX
flr-37	71	21	made	make	VERB
flr-37	71	22	aware	aware	ADJ
flr-37	71	23	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	71	24	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	71	25	efficient	efficient	ADJ
flr-37	71	26	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	71	27	are	be	AUX
flr-37	71	28	applicable	applicable	ADJ
flr-37	71	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	72	1	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	72	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	72	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	72	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	72	5	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	72	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	72	7	tests	test	NOUN
flr-37	72	8	might	might	AUX
flr-37	72	9	guide	guide	VERB
flr-37	72	10	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	72	11	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	72	12	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	72	13	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	72	14	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	73	1	4	4	NUM
flr-37	74	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	74	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	74	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	74	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	74	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	74	6	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	74	7	attention	attention	NOUN
flr-37	74	8	to	to	ADP
flr-37	74	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	74	10	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	74	11	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	74	12	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	74	13	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	74	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	75	1	also	also	ADV
flr-37	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	75	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	75	4	is	be	AUX
flr-37	75	5	conceivable	conceivable	ADJ
flr-37	75	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	75	7	they	they	PRON
flr-37	75	8	look	look	VERB
flr-37	75	9	at	at	ADP
flr-37	75	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	75	11	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	75	12	more	more	ADV
flr-37	75	13	attentively	attentively	ADV
flr-37	75	14	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	75	15	they	they	PRON
flr-37	75	16	are	be	AUX
flr-37	75	17	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	75	18	to	to	PART
flr-37	75	19	verbalize	verbalize	VERB
flr-37	75	20	their	their	PRON
flr-37	75	21	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	75	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	76	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
flr-37	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	76	3	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
flr-37	76	4	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	76	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	76	6	question	question	NOUN
flr-37	76	7	whether	whether	SCONJ
flr-37	76	8	a	a	DET
flr-37	76	9	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	76	10	possesses	possess	VERB
flr-37	76	11	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	76	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	76	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	76	14	may	may	AUX
flr-37	76	15	vary	vary	VERB
flr-37	76	16	depending	depend	VERB
flr-37	76	17	on	on	ADP
flr-37	76	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	76	19	tests	test	NOUN
flr-37	76	20	that	that	PRON
flr-37	76	21	were	be	AUX
flr-37	76	22	applied	apply	VERB
flr-37	76	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	77	1	based	base	VERB
flr-37	77	2	on	on	ADP
flr-37	77	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	77	4	above	above	ADV
flr-37	77	5	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	77	6	mentioned	mention	VERB
flr-37	77	7	forms	form	NOUN
flr-37	77	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	77	9	assessment	assessment	NOUN
flr-37	77	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	77	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	77	12	empirical	empirical	ADJ
flr-37	77	13	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	77	14	on	on	ADP
flr-37	77	15	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	77	16	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	77	17	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	77	18	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	77	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	77	20	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	77	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	77	22	in	in	ADP
flr-37	77	23	this	this	DET
flr-37	77	24	domain	domain	NOUN
flr-37	77	25	are	be	AUX
flr-37	77	26	moderately	moderately	ADV
flr-37	77	27	related	relate	VERB
flr-37	77	28	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	77	29	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	77	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	77	31	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	77	32	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	77	33	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	77	34	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	77	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	77	36	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	77	37	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	77	38	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	77	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	77	40	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	77	41	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	77	42	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	77	43	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	77	44	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	77	45	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	77	46	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	77	47	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	77	48	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	77	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	78	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	78	4	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	78	5	do	do	AUX
flr-37	78	6	not	not	PART
flr-37	78	7	allow	allow	VERB
flr-37	78	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	78	9	exclude	exclude	VERB
flr-37	78	10	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	78	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	78	12	acquired	acquire	VERB
flr-37	78	13	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	78	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	78	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	78	16	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	78	17	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	78	18	even	even	ADV
flr-37	78	19	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	78	20	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	78	21	is	be	AUX
flr-37	78	22	still	still	ADV
flr-37	78	23	domain	domain	NOUN
flr-37	78	24	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	78	25	specific	specific	NOUN
flr-37	78	26	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	78	27	than	than	ADP
flr-37	78	28	akin	akin	ADJ
flr-37	78	29	to	to	ADP
flr-37	78	30	an	an	DET
flr-37	78	31	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	78	32	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	78	33	representing	represent	VERB
flr-37	78	34	the	the	DET
flr-37	78	35	formal	formal	ADJ
flr-37	78	36	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	78	37	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	78	38	of	of	ADP
flr-37	78	39	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	78	40	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	78	41	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	78	42	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	43	bisanz	bisanz	NOUN
flr-37	78	44	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	45	watchhorn	watchhorn	VERB
flr-37	78	46	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	47	piatt	piatt	PROPN
flr-37	78	48	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	78	49	sherman	sherman	PROPN
flr-37	78	50	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	51	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	78	52	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	78	53	geary	geary	NOUN
flr-37	78	54	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	55	hoard	hoard	NOUN
flr-37	78	56	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	57	byrd	byrd	PROPN
flr-37	78	58	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	78	59	craven	craven	PROPN
flr-37	78	60	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	78	61	desoto	desoto	PROPN
flr-37	78	62	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	63	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	78	64	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	78	65	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	78	66	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	78	67	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	78	68	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	78	69	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	78	70	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	78	71	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	78	72	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	79	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	79	3	investigating	investigate	VERB
flr-37	79	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	79	5	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	79	6	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	79	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	79	8	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	79	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	79	10	would	would	AUX
flr-37	79	11	complement	complement	VERB
flr-37	79	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	79	13	broaden	broaden	VERB
flr-37	79	14	this	this	DET
flr-37	79	15	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	79	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	80	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	80	2	summary	summary	NOUN
flr-37	80	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	80	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	80	5	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	80	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	80	7	our	our	PRON
flr-37	80	8	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	80	9	was	be	AUX
flr-37	80	10	twofold	twofold	ADV
flr-37	80	11	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	80	12	first	first	ADV
flr-37	80	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	80	14	we	we	PRON
flr-37	80	15	aimed	aim	VERB
flr-37	80	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	80	17	develop	develop	VERB
flr-37	80	18	a	a	DET
flr-37	80	19	method	method	NOUN
flr-37	80	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	80	21	unobtrusively	unobtrusively	ADV
flr-37	80	22	test	test	VERB
flr-37	80	23	for	for	ADP
flr-37	80	24	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	80	25	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	80	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	80	27	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	80	28	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	80	29	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	80	30	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	80	31	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	80	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	81	1	our	our	PRON
flr-37	81	2	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	81	3	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	81	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	81	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	81	6	investigate	investigate	VERB
flr-37	81	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	81	8	degree	degree	NOUN
flr-37	81	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	81	10	integration	integration	NOUN
flr-37	81	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	81	12	this	this	DET
flr-37	81	13	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	81	14	expressed	express	VERB
flr-37	81	15	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	81	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	81	17	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	81	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	81	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	81	20	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	81	21	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	81	22	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	81	23	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	81	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	82	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
flr-37	82	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	82	3	for	for	ADP
flr-37	82	4	means	mean	NOUN
flr-37	82	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	82	6	comparison	comparison	NOUN
flr-37	82	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	82	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	82	9	also	also	ADV
flr-37	82	10	tested	test	VERB
flr-37	82	11	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	82	12	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	82	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	83	1	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	83	2	described	describe	VERB
flr-37	83	3	above	above	ADV
flr-37	83	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	83	5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	83	6	about	about	ADP
flr-37	83	7	a	a	DET
flr-37	83	8	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	83	9	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	83	10	like	like	ADP
flr-37	83	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	83	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	83	13	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	83	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	83	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	83	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	83	17	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	83	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	83	19	can	can	AUX
flr-37	83	20	be	be	AUX
flr-37	83	21	said	say	VERB
flr-37	83	22	to	to	PART
flr-37	83	23	represent	represent	VERB
flr-37	83	24	an	an	DET
flr-37	83	25	integrated	integrated	ADJ
flr-37	83	26	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	83	27	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	83	28	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	83	29	in	in	ADP
flr-37	83	30	the	the	DET
flr-37	83	31	sense	sense	NOUN
flr-37	83	32	of	of	ADP
flr-37	83	33	a	a	DET
flr-37	83	34	true	true	ADJ
flr-37	83	35	formal	formal	ADJ
flr-37	83	36	mathematic	mathematic	ADJ
flr-37	83	37	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	83	38	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	83	39	learners	learner	NOUN
flr-37	83	40	are	be	AUX
flr-37	83	41	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	83	42	to	to	PART
flr-37	83	43	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	83	44	their	their	PRON
flr-37	83	45	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	83	46	whenever	whenever	SCONJ
flr-37	83	47	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	83	48	constraints	constraint	NOUN
flr-37	83	49	permit	permit	VERB
flr-37	83	50	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	84	1	that	that	PRON
flr-37	84	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	84	4	learners	learner	NOUN
flr-37	84	5	should	should	AUX
flr-37	84	6	be	be	AUX
flr-37	84	7	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	84	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	84	9	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
flr-37	84	10	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	84	11	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	84	12	properties	property	NOUN
flr-37	84	13	allowing	allow	VERB
flr-37	84	14	them	they	PRON
flr-37	84	15	to	to	PART
flr-37	84	16	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	84	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	84	18	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	84	19	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	84	20	irrespectively	irrespectively	ADV
flr-37	84	21	of	of	ADP
flr-37	84	22	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	84	23	context	context	NOUN
flr-37	84	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	85	1	2	2	X
flr-37	85	2	.	.	X
flr-37	85	3	method	method	PROPN
flr-37	85	4	2.1	2.1	NUM
flr-37	85	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	85	6	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	85	7	method	method	NOUN
flr-37	85	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	85	9	investigated	investigate	VERB
flr-37	85	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	85	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	85	12	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	85	13	with	with	ADP
flr-37	85	14	three	three	NUM
flr-37	85	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	85	16	element	element	NOUN
flr-37	85	17	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	85	18	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	85	19	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	85	20	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	85	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	85	22	5	5	NUM
flr-37	85	23	+	+	SYM
flr-37	85	24	3	3	NUM
flr-37	85	25	+	+	SYM
flr-37	85	26	7	7	NUM
flr-37	85	27	=	=	SYM
flr-37	85	28	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	85	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	85	30	1	1	X
flr-37	85	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	86	1	these	these	DET
flr-37	86	2	three	three	NUM
flr-37	86	3	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	86	4	element	element	NOUN
flr-37	86	5	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	86	6	are	be	AUX
flr-37	86	7	unfamiliar	unfamiliar	ADJ
flr-37	86	8	at	at	ADP
flr-37	86	9	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	86	10	for	for	ADP
flr-37	86	11	younger	young	ADJ
flr-37	86	12	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	86	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	87	1	since	since	SCONJ
flr-37	87	2	we	we	PRON
flr-37	87	3	wanted	want	VERB
flr-37	87	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	87	5	investigate	investigate	VERB
flr-37	87	6	whether	whether	SCONJ
flr-37	87	7	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	87	8	not	not	PART
flr-37	87	9	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	87	10	would	would	AUX
flr-37	87	11	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	87	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	87	13	applicability	applicability	NOUN
flr-37	87	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	87	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	87	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	87	17	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	87	18	without	without	ADP
flr-37	87	19	any	any	DET
flr-37	87	20	further	further	ADJ
flr-37	87	21	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	87	22	about	about	ADP
flr-37	87	23	this	this	DET
flr-37	87	24	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	87	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	87	26	we	we	PRON
flr-37	87	27	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	87	28	less	less	ADV
flr-37	87	29	familiar	familiar	ADJ
flr-37	87	30	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	87	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	88	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	88	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	88	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	88	4	accepted	accept	VERB
flr-37	88	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	88	6	threeelement	threeelement	ADJ
flr-37	88	7	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	88	8	implicitly	implicitly	ADV
flr-37	88	9	presuppose	presuppose	VERB
flr-37	88	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	88	11	about	about	ADP
flr-37	88	12	associativity	associativity	NOUN
flr-37	88	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	88	14	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	88	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	88	16	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	88	17	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	88	18	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	88	19	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	88	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	88	21	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	88	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	88	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	89	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	89	2	three	three	NUM
flr-37	89	3	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	89	4	element	element	NOUN
flr-37	89	5	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	89	6	were	be	AUX
flr-37	89	7	always	always	ADV
flr-37	89	8	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	89	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	89	10	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	89	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	89	12	one	one	NUM
flr-37	89	13	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	89	14	beneath	beneath	ADP
flr-37	89	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	89	16	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	89	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	90	1	unbeknownst	unbeknownst	ADJ
flr-37	90	2	to	to	ADP
flr-37	90	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	90	4	participating	participate	VERB
flr-37	90	5	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	90	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	90	7	some	some	DET
flr-37	90	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	90	9	consisted	consist	VERB
flr-37	90	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	90	11	identical	identical	ADJ
flr-37	90	12	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	90	13	in	in	ADP
flr-37	90	14	a	a	DET
flr-37	90	15	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	90	16	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	90	17	as	as	ADP
flr-37	90	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	90	19	preceding	precede	VERB
flr-37	90	20	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	90	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	90	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	90	23	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	90	24	could	could	AUX
flr-37	90	25	be	be	AUX
flr-37	90	26	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	90	27	without	without	ADP
flr-37	90	28	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	90	29	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	90	30	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	90	31	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	90	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	90	33	hereafter	hereafter	ADV
flr-37	90	34	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	90	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	91	1	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	91	2	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	91	3	two	two	NUM
flr-37	91	4	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	91	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	91	6	completely	completely	ADV
flr-37	91	7	independent	independent	ADJ
flr-37	91	8	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	91	9	formats	format	NOUN
flr-37	91	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	92	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	92	2	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	92	3	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	92	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	92	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	92	6	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	92	7	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	92	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	92	9	consisted	consist	VERB
flr-37	92	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	92	11	two	two	NUM
flr-37	92	12	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	92	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	93	1	one	one	NUM
flr-37	93	2	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	93	3	contained	contain	VERB
flr-37	93	4	interspersed	intersperse	VERB
flr-37	93	5	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	93	6	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	93	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	93	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	93	9	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	93	10	one	one	NOUN
flr-37	93	11	did	do	VERB
flr-37	93	12	not	not	PART
flr-37	93	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	94	1	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	94	2	did	do	AUX
flr-37	94	3	not	not	PART
flr-37	94	4	receive	receive	VERB
flr-37	94	5	any	any	DET
flr-37	94	6	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	94	7	about	about	ADP
flr-37	94	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	94	9	existence	existence	NOUN
flr-37	94	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	94	11	these	these	DET
flr-37	94	12	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	94	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	94	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	95	1	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	95	3	they	they	PRON
flr-37	95	4	were	be	AUX
flr-37	95	5	simply	simply	ADV
flr-37	95	6	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	95	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	95	8	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	95	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	95	10	two	two	NUM
flr-37	95	11	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	95	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	95	13	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	95	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	95	15	as	as	ADV
flr-37	95	16	fast	fast	ADV
flr-37	95	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	95	18	accurately	accurately	ADV
flr-37	95	19	as	as	ADP
flr-37	95	20	possible	possible	ADJ
flr-37	95	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	96	1	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	96	2	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	96	3	are	be	AUX
flr-37	96	4	faster	fast	ADJ
flr-37	96	5	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	96	6	working	work	VERB
flr-37	96	7	on	on	ADP
flr-37	96	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	96	9	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	96	10	that	that	PRON
flr-37	96	11	includes	include	VERB
flr-37	96	12	three	three	NUM
flr-37	96	13	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	96	14	element	element	NOUN
flr-37	96	15	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	96	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	96	17	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	96	18	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	96	19	to	to	ADP
flr-37	96	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	96	21	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	96	22	which	which	PRON
flr-37	96	23	does	do	AUX
flr-37	96	24	not	not	PART
flr-37	96	25	contain	contain	VERB
flr-37	96	26	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	96	27	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	96	28	options	option	NOUN
flr-37	96	29	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	96	30	they	they	PRON
flr-37	96	31	can	can	AUX
flr-37	96	32	be	be	AUX
flr-37	96	33	said	say	VERB
flr-37	96	34	to	to	PART
flr-37	96	35	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	96	36	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	96	37	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	96	38	about	about	ADP
flr-37	96	39	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	96	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	97	1	1	1	NUM
flr-37	97	2	some	some	DET
flr-37	97	3	researchers	researcher	NOUN
flr-37	97	4	use	use	VERB
flr-37	97	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	97	6	term	term	NOUN
flr-37	97	7	associativity	associativity	NOUN
flr-37	97	8	instead	instead	ADV
flr-37	97	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	97	10	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	97	11	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	97	12	an	an	DET
flr-37	97	13	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	97	14	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	97	15	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
flr-37	97	16	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	97	17	has	have	VERB
flr-37	97	18	more	more	ADJ
flr-37	97	19	than	than	ADP
flr-37	97	20	two	two	NUM
flr-37	97	21	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	97	22	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	97	23	factors	factor	NOUN
flr-37	97	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	97	25	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	97	26	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	97	27	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	97	28	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	97	29	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	97	30	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	97	31	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	97	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	98	1	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	98	2	researchers	researcher	NOUN
flr-37	98	3	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	98	4	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	98	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	98	6	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	98	7	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	98	8	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	98	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	98	10	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	98	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	98	12	refer	refer	VERB
flr-37	98	13	to	to	ADP
flr-37	98	14	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	98	15	as	as	ADP
flr-37	98	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	98	17	property	property	NOUN
flr-37	98	18	that	that	PRON
flr-37	98	19	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	98	20	containing	contain	VERB
flr-37	98	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	98	22	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	98	23	terms	term	NOUN
flr-37	98	24	in	in	ADP
flr-37	98	25	a	a	DET
flr-37	98	26	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	98	27	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	98	28	have	have	VERB
flr-37	98	29	the	the	DET
flr-37	98	30	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	98	31	answer	answer	NOUN
flr-37	98	32	independent	independent	NOUN
flr-37	98	33	of	of	ADP
flr-37	98	34	the	the	DET
flr-37	98	35	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	98	36	of	of	ADP
flr-37	98	37	terms	term	NOUN
flr-37	98	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	98	39	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
flr-37	98	40	associativity	associativity	NOUN
flr-37	98	41	is	be	AUX
flr-37	98	42	the	the	DET
flr-37	98	43	property	property	NOUN
flr-37	98	44	that	that	PRON
flr-37	98	45	problems	problem	VERB
flr-37	98	46	in	in	ADP
flr-37	98	47	which	which	PRON
flr-37	98	48	terms	term	NOUN
flr-37	98	49	are	be	AUX
flr-37	98	50	decomposed	decompose	VERB
flr-37	98	51	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	98	52	recombined	recombine	VERB
flr-37	98	53	in	in	ADP
flr-37	98	54	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	98	55	ways	way	NOUN
flr-37	98	56	have	have	VERB
flr-37	98	57	the	the	DET
flr-37	98	58	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	98	59	answer	answer	NOUN
flr-37	98	60	[	[	X
flr-37	98	61	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	98	62	a	a	DET
flr-37	98	63	+	+	NOUN
flr-37	98	64	b	b	NOUN
flr-37	98	65	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	99	1	+	+	NOUN
flr-37	99	2	c	c	X
flr-37	99	3	=	=	PUNCT
flr-37	99	4	a	a	DET
flr-37	99	5	+	+	X
flr-37	99	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	99	7	b	b	X
flr-37	99	8	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	99	9	c	c	NOUN
flr-37	99	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	99	11	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	99	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	100	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	100	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	100	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	100	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	100	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	100	6	5	5	NUM
flr-37	101	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	101	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	101	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	101	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	101	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	101	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	101	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	101	8	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	101	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	101	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	101	11	so	so	ADV
flr-37	101	12	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	101	13	called	call	VERB
flr-37	101	14	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	101	15	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	101	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	101	17	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	101	18	were	be	AUX
flr-37	101	19	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	101	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	101	21	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	101	22	those	those	DET
flr-37	101	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	101	24	which	which	PRON
flr-37	101	25	they	they	PRON
flr-37	101	26	believed	believe	VERB
flr-37	101	27	need	need	VERB
flr-37	101	28	no	no	DET
flr-37	101	29	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	101	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	102	1	they	they	PRON
flr-37	102	2	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
flr-37	102	3	were	be	AUX
flr-37	102	4	told	tell	VERB
flr-37	102	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	102	6	refrain	refrain	VERB
flr-37	102	7	from	from	ADP
flr-37	102	8	calculating	calculate	VERB
flr-37	102	9	any	any	DET
flr-37	102	10	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	102	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	103	1	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	103	2	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	103	3	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	103	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	103	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	103	6	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	103	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	103	8	identical	identical	ADJ
flr-37	103	9	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	103	10	does	do	AUX
flr-37	103	11	not	not	PART
flr-37	103	12	change	change	VERB
flr-37	103	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	103	14	cardinality	cardinality	NOUN
flr-37	103	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	103	16	they	they	PRON
flr-37	103	17	should	should	AUX
flr-37	103	18	be	be	AUX
flr-37	103	19	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	103	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	103	21	correctly	correctly	ADV
flr-37	103	22	mark	mark	VERB
flr-37	103	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	103	24	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	103	25	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	103	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	104	1	by	by	ADP
flr-37	104	2	virtue	virtue	NOUN
flr-37	104	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	104	4	this	this	DET
flr-37	104	5	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	104	6	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	104	7	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	104	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	104	9	we	we	PRON
flr-37	104	10	were	be	AUX
flr-37	104	11	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	104	12	to	to	PART
flr-37	104	13	assess	assess	VERB
flr-37	104	14	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	104	15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	104	16	about	about	ADP
flr-37	104	17	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	104	18	without	without	ADP
flr-37	104	19	cueing	cue	VERB
flr-37	104	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	104	21	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	104	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	105	1	importantly	importantly	ADV
flr-37	105	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	105	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	105	4	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	105	5	to	to	ADP
flr-37	105	6	former	former	ADJ
flr-37	105	7	experiments	experiment	NOUN
flr-37	105	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	105	9	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	105	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	105	11	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	105	12	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	105	13	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	105	14	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	105	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	105	16	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	105	17	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	105	18	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	105	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	105	20	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	105	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	105	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	105	23	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	105	24	in	in	ADP
flr-37	105	25	our	our	PRON
flr-37	105	26	experiment	experiment	NOUN
flr-37	105	27	did	do	AUX
flr-37	105	28	not	not	PART
flr-37	105	29	receive	receive	VERB
flr-37	105	30	any	any	DET
flr-37	105	31	hint	hint	NOUN
flr-37	105	32	about	about	ADP
flr-37	105	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	105	34	existence	existence	NOUN
flr-37	105	35	of	of	ADP
flr-37	105	36	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	105	37	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	105	38	in	in	ADP
flr-37	105	39	either	either	DET
flr-37	105	40	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	105	41	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	106	1	that	that	PRON
flr-37	106	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	106	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	106	4	they	they	PRON
flr-37	106	5	were	be	AUX
flr-37	106	6	not	not	PART
flr-37	106	7	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	106	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	106	9	further	far	ADV
flr-37	106	10	explain	explain	VERB
flr-37	106	11	their	their	PRON
flr-37	106	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	106	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	107	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	107	2	rationale	rationale	NOUN
flr-37	107	3	behind	behind	ADP
flr-37	107	4	this	this	DET
flr-37	107	5	procedure	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	107	6	was	be	AUX
flr-37	107	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	107	8	any	any	DET
flr-37	107	9	instruction	instruction	NOUN
flr-37	107	10	to	to	PART
flr-37	107	11	think	think	VERB
flr-37	107	12	about	about	ADP
flr-37	107	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	107	14	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	107	15	used	use	VERB
flr-37	107	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	107	17	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	107	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	107	19	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	107	20	might	might	AUX
flr-37	107	21	trigger	trigger	VERB
flr-37	107	22	active	active	ADJ
flr-37	107	23	search	search	NOUN
flr-37	107	24	for	for	ADP
flr-37	107	25	regularities	regularity	NOUN
flr-37	107	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	107	27	thereby	thereby	ADV
flr-37	107	28	making	make	VERB
flr-37	107	29	it	it	PRON
flr-37	107	30	impossible	impossible	ADJ
flr-37	107	31	to	to	PART
flr-37	107	32	assess	assess	VERB
flr-37	107	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	107	34	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	107	35	activated	activate	VERB
flr-37	107	36	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	107	37	of	of	ADP
flr-37	107	38	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	107	39	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	108	1	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	108	2	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	108	3	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	108	4	an	an	DET
flr-37	108	5	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	108	6	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	108	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	108	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	108	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	108	10	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	108	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	108	12	they	they	PRON
flr-37	108	13	should	should	AUX
flr-37	108	14	be	be	AUX
flr-37	108	15	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	108	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	108	17	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	108	18	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	108	19	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	108	20	on	on	ADP
flr-37	108	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	108	22	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	108	23	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	108	24	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
flr-37	108	25	in	in	ADP
flr-37	108	26	any	any	DET
flr-37	108	27	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	108	28	context	context	NOUN
flr-37	108	29	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	108	30	without	without	ADP
flr-37	108	31	any	any	DET
flr-37	108	32	hint	hint	NOUN
flr-37	108	33	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	108	34	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	108	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	108	36	bisanz	bisanz	VERB
flr-37	108	37	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	108	38	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	108	39	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	108	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	108	41	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	108	42	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	108	43	prather	prather	PROPN
flr-37	108	44	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	108	45	alibali	alibali	VERB
flr-37	108	46	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	108	47	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	108	48	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	108	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	109	1	to	to	ADP
flr-37	109	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	109	3	extent	extent	NOUN
flr-37	109	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	109	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	109	6	have	have	AUX
flr-37	109	7	acquired	acquire	VERB
flr-37	109	8	an	an	DET
flr-37	109	9	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	109	10	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	109	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	109	12	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	109	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	109	14	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	109	15	should	should	AUX
flr-37	109	16	correlate	correlate	VERB
flr-37	109	17	between	between	ADP
flr-37	109	18	both	both	PRON
flr-37	109	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	109	20	our	our	PRON
flr-37	109	21	two	two	NUM
flr-37	109	22	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	109	23	reflecting	reflect	VERB
flr-37	109	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	109	25	about	about	ADP
flr-37	109	26	this	this	DET
flr-37	109	27	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	109	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	110	1	likely	likely	ADV
flr-37	110	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	110	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	110	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	110	5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	110	6	about	about	ADP
flr-37	110	7	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	110	8	becomes	become	VERB
flr-37	110	9	iteratively	iteratively	ADV
flr-37	110	10	more	more	ADV
flr-37	110	11	integrated	integrated	ADJ
flr-37	110	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	110	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	110	14	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	110	15	years	year	NOUN
flr-37	110	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	110	17	primary	primary	ADJ
flr-37	110	18	school	school	NOUN
flr-37	110	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	111	1	we	we	PRON
flr-37	111	2	should	should	AUX
flr-37	111	3	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	111	4	find	find	VERB
flr-37	111	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	111	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	111	7	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	111	8	between	between	ADP
flr-37	111	9	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	111	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	111	11	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	111	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	111	13	is	be	AUX
flr-37	111	14	stronger	strong	ADJ
flr-37	111	15	in	in	ADP
flr-37	111	16	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	111	17	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	111	18	as	as	ADP
flr-37	111	19	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	111	20	to	to	ADP
flr-37	111	21	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	111	22	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	111	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	111	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	111	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	111	26	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	111	27	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	111	28	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	111	29	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	111	30	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	111	31	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	111	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	112	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
flr-37	112	2	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	112	3	overall	overall	ADJ
flr-37	112	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	112	5	163	163	NUM
flr-37	112	6	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	112	7	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	112	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	112	9	79	79	NUM
flr-37	112	10	girls	girl	NOUN
flr-37	112	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	112	12	with	with	ADP
flr-37	112	13	a	a	DET
flr-37	112	14	mean	mean	ADJ
flr-37	112	15	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	112	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	112	17	8	8	NUM
flr-37	112	18	years	year	NOUN
flr-37	112	19	1	1	NUM
flr-37	112	20	month	month	NOUN
flr-37	112	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	112	22	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	112	23	=	=	SYM
flr-37	112	24	7	7	NUM
flr-37	112	25	months	month	NOUN
flr-37	112	26	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	112	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	112	28	180	180	NUM
flr-37	112	29	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	112	30	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	112	31	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	112	32	91	91	NUM
flr-37	112	33	girls	girl	NOUN
flr-37	112	34	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	112	35	with	with	ADP
flr-37	112	36	a	a	DET
flr-37	112	37	mean	mean	ADJ
flr-37	112	38	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	112	39	of	of	ADP
flr-37	112	40	9	9	NUM
flr-37	112	41	years	year	NOUN
flr-37	112	42	1	1	NUM
flr-37	112	43	month	month	NOUN
flr-37	112	44	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	112	45	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	112	46	=	=	SYM
flr-37	112	47	8	8	NUM
flr-37	112	48	months	month	NOUN
flr-37	112	49	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	112	50	participated	participate	VERB
flr-37	112	51	in	in	ADP
flr-37	112	52	the	the	DET
flr-37	112	53	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	112	54	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	113	1	as	as	ADP
flr-37	113	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	113	3	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	113	4	condition	condition	NOUN
flr-37	113	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	113	6	we	we	PRON
flr-37	113	7	also	also	ADV
flr-37	113	8	collected	collect	VERB
flr-37	113	9	data	datum	NOUN
flr-37	113	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	113	11	46	46	NUM
flr-37	113	12	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	113	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	113	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	113	15	university	university	NOUN
flr-37	113	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	113	17	cologne	cologne	NOUN
flr-37	113	18	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	113	19	37	37	NUM
flr-37	113	20	women	woman	NOUN
flr-37	113	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	113	22	with	with	ADP
flr-37	113	23	a	a	DET
flr-37	113	24	mean	mean	ADJ
flr-37	113	25	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	113	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	113	27	23.6	23.6	NUM
flr-37	113	28	years	year	NOUN
flr-37	113	29	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	113	30	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	113	31	=	=	SYM
flr-37	113	32	5.2	5.2	NUM
flr-37	113	33	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	113	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	114	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	114	2	were	be	AUX
flr-37	114	3	recruited	recruit	VERB
flr-37	114	4	from	from	ADP
flr-37	114	5	six	six	NUM
flr-37	114	6	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	114	7	elementary	elementary	ADJ
flr-37	114	8	schools	school	NOUN
flr-37	114	9	located	locate	VERB
flr-37	114	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	114	11	middle	middle	ADJ
flr-37	114	12	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
flr-37	114	13	status	status	NOUN
flr-37	114	14	suburbs	suburb	NOUN
flr-37	114	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	114	16	cologne	cologne	NOUN
flr-37	114	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	115	1	all	all	DET
flr-37	115	2	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	115	3	had	have	VERB
flr-37	115	4	their	their	PRON
flr-37	115	5	parents	parent	NOUN
flr-37	115	6	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	115	7	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	115	8	guardians	guardian	NOUN
flr-37	115	9	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	115	10	permission	permission	NOUN
flr-37	115	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	115	12	participate	participate	VERB
flr-37	115	13	in	in	ADP
flr-37	115	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	115	15	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	115	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	116	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
flr-37	116	2	procedure	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	116	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	116	4	materials	material	NOUN
flr-37	116	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	116	6	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	116	7	consisted	consist	VERB
flr-37	116	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	116	9	two	two	NUM
flr-37	116	10	parts	part	NOUN
flr-37	116	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	117	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	117	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	117	3	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	117	4	part	part	NOUN
flr-37	117	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	117	6	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	117	7	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	117	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	117	9	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	117	10	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	117	11	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	117	12	one	one	NUM
flr-37	117	13	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	117	14	with	with	ADP
flr-37	117	15	interspersed	interspersed	ADJ
flr-37	117	16	repetitions	repetition	NOUN
flr-37	117	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	117	18	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	117	19	in	in	ADP
flr-37	117	20	changed	change	VERB
flr-37	117	21	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	117	22	in	in	ADP
flr-37	117	23	consecutive	consecutive	ADJ
flr-37	117	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	117	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	117	26	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	117	27	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	117	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	117	29	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	117	30	one	one	NUM
flr-37	117	31	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	117	32	without	without	ADP
flr-37	117	33	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	117	34	repetitions	repetition	NOUN
flr-37	117	35	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	117	36	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	117	37	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	117	38	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	117	39	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	118	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	118	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	118	3	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	118	4	part	part	NOUN
flr-37	118	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	118	6	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	118	7	were	be	AUX
flr-37	118	8	administered	administer	VERB
flr-37	118	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	118	10	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	118	11	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	118	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	119	1	both	both	DET
flr-37	119	2	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	119	3	were	be	AUX
flr-37	119	4	designed	design	VERB
flr-37	119	5	as	as	ADP
flr-37	119	6	paper	paper	NOUN
flr-37	119	7	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	119	8	pencil	pencil	NOUN
flr-37	119	9	tests	test	NOUN
flr-37	119	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	119	11	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	119	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	119	13	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	119	14	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	119	15	were	be	AUX
flr-37	119	16	tested	test	VERB
flr-37	119	17	in	in	ADP
flr-37	119	18	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	119	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	119	20	up	up	ADP
flr-37	119	21	to	to	PART
flr-37	119	22	25	25	NUM
flr-37	119	23	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	119	24	in	in	ADP
flr-37	119	25	a	a	DET
flr-37	119	26	classroom	classroom	NOUN
flr-37	119	27	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	119	28	like	like	ADJ
flr-37	119	29	setting	setting	NOUN
flr-37	119	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	120	1	we	we	PRON
flr-37	120	2	generated	generate	VERB
flr-37	120	3	three	three	NUM
flr-37	120	4	sets	set	NOUN
flr-37	120	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	120	6	30	30	NUM
flr-37	120	7	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	120	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	120	9	with	with	ADP
flr-37	120	10	three	three	NUM
flr-37	120	11	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	120	12	between	between	ADP
flr-37	120	13	2	2	NUM
flr-37	120	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	120	15	9	9	NUM
flr-37	120	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	120	17	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	120	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	120	19	3	3	NUM
flr-37	120	20	+	+	SYM
flr-37	120	21	6	6	NUM
flr-37	120	22	+	+	SYM
flr-37	120	23	8	8	NUM
flr-37	120	24	=	=	SYM
flr-37	120	25	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	120	26	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	120	27	maximum	maximum	ADJ
flr-37	120	28	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	120	29	was	be	AUX
flr-37	120	30	24	24	NUM
flr-37	120	31	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	120	32	1	1	NUM
flr-37	120	33	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	120	34	an	an	DET
flr-37	120	35	addend	addend	NOUN
flr-37	120	36	was	be	AUX
flr-37	120	37	not	not	PART
flr-37	120	38	included	include	VERB
flr-37	120	39	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	120	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	121	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	121	2	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	121	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	121	4	all	all	DET
flr-37	121	5	three	three	NUM
flr-37	121	6	sets	set	NOUN
flr-37	121	7	yielded	yield	VERB
flr-37	121	8	at	at	ADV
flr-37	121	9	least	least	ADV
flr-37	121	10	approximately	approximately	ADV
flr-37	121	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	121	12	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	121	13	totals	total	NOUN
flr-37	121	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	121	15	within	within	ADP
flr-37	121	16	a	a	DET
flr-37	121	17	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	121	18	each	each	DET
flr-37	121	19	numeral	numeral	ADJ
flr-37	121	20	could	could	AUX
flr-37	121	21	only	only	ADV
flr-37	121	22	occur	occur	VERB
flr-37	121	23	once	once	ADV
flr-37	121	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	122	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	122	2	30	30	NUM
flr-37	122	3	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	122	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	122	5	each	each	PRON
flr-37	122	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	122	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	122	8	two	two	NUM
flr-37	122	9	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	122	10	were	be	AUX
flr-37	122	11	distributed	distribute	VERB
flr-37	122	12	over	over	ADP
flr-37	122	13	five	five	NUM
flr-37	122	14	pages	page	NOUN
flr-37	122	15	with	with	ADP
flr-37	122	16	six	six	NUM
flr-37	122	17	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	122	18	on	on	ADP
flr-37	122	19	each	each	DET
flr-37	122	20	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	122	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	123	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	123	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	123	3	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	123	4	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	123	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	123	6	each	each	DET
flr-37	123	7	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	123	8	contained	contain	VERB
flr-37	123	9	two	two	NUM
flr-37	123	10	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	123	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	123	12	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	123	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	123	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	123	15	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	123	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	123	17	one	one	NUM
flr-37	123	18	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	123	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	123	20	its	its	PRON
flr-37	123	21	repetition	repetition	NOUN
flr-37	123	22	with	with	ADP
flr-37	123	23	a	a	DET
flr-37	123	24	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	123	25	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	123	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	123	27	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	123	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	123	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	124	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	124	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	124	3	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	124	4	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	124	5	no	no	DET
flr-37	124	6	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	124	7	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	124	8	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	124	9	occurred	occur	VERB
flr-37	124	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	125	1	instead	instead	ADV
flr-37	125	2	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	125	3	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	125	4	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	125	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	125	6	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	125	7	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	125	8	which	which	PRON
flr-37	125	9	yielded	yield	VERB
flr-37	125	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	125	11	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	125	12	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	125	13	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	125	14	were	be	AUX
flr-37	125	15	composed	compose	VERB
flr-37	125	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	125	17	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	125	18	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	125	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	126	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	126	2	both	both	DET
flr-37	126	3	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	126	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	126	5	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	126	6	were	be	AUX
flr-37	126	7	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	126	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	126	9	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	126	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	126	11	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	126	12	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	126	13	by	by	ADP
flr-37	126	14	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	126	15	from	from	ADP
flr-37	126	16	top	top	NOUN
flr-37	126	17	to	to	ADP
flr-37	126	18	bottom	bottom	NOUN
flr-37	126	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	127	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	127	2	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	127	3	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	127	4	consisted	consist	VERB
flr-37	127	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	127	6	overall	overall	ADJ
flr-37	127	7	30	30	NUM
flr-37	127	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	127	9	with	with	ADP
flr-37	127	10	10	10	NUM
flr-37	127	11	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	127	12	per	per	ADP
flr-37	127	13	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	127	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	128	1	on	on	ADP
flr-37	128	2	each	each	DET
flr-37	128	3	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	128	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	128	5	three	three	NUM
flr-37	128	6	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	128	7	were	be	AUX
flr-37	128	8	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	128	9	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	128	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	128	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	128	12	remaining	remain	VERB
flr-37	128	13	four	four	NUM
flr-37	128	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	128	15	were	be	AUX
flr-37	128	16	filler	filler	NOUN
flr-37	128	17	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	128	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	129	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	129	2	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	129	3	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	129	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	129	5	for	for	ADP
flr-37	129	6	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	129	7	only	only	ADV
flr-37	129	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	130	1	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	130	2	were	be	AUX
flr-37	130	3	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	130	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	130	5	first	first	ADV
flr-37	130	6	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	130	7	all	all	PRON
flr-37	130	8	10	10	NUM
flr-37	130	9	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	130	10	from	from	ADP
flr-37	130	11	top	top	NOUN
flr-37	130	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	130	13	bottom	bottom	NOUN
flr-37	130	14	on	on	ADP
flr-37	130	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	130	16	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	130	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	131	1	afterwards	afterwards	ADV
flr-37	131	2	they	they	PRON
flr-37	131	3	were	be	AUX
flr-37	131	4	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	131	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	131	6	mark	mark	VERB
flr-37	131	7	those	those	DET
flr-37	131	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	131	9	that	that	PRON
flr-37	131	10	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	131	11	no	no	DET
flr-37	131	12	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	131	13	on	on	ADP
flr-37	131	14	that	that	DET
flr-37	131	15	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	131	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	132	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	132	2	particular	particular	ADJ
flr-37	132	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	132	4	they	they	PRON
flr-37	132	5	were	be	AUX
flr-37	132	6	told	tell	VERB
flr-37	132	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	132	8	some	some	PRON
flr-37	132	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	132	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	132	11	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	132	12	need	need	VERB
flr-37	132	13	no	no	DET
flr-37	132	14	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	132	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	132	16	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	132	17	they	they	PRON
flr-37	132	18	should	should	AUX
flr-37	132	19	figure	figure	VERB
flr-37	132	20	out	out	ADP
flr-37	132	21	for	for	ADP
flr-37	132	22	which	which	PRON
flr-37	132	23	of	of	ADP
flr-37	132	24	these	these	DET
flr-37	132	25	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	132	26	they	they	PRON
flr-37	132	27	could	could	AUX
flr-37	132	28	have	have	AUX
flr-37	132	29	written	write	VERB
flr-37	132	30	down	down	ADP
flr-37	132	31	the	the	DET
flr-37	132	32	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	132	33	without	without	ADP
flr-37	132	34	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	132	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	133	1	after	after	ADP
flr-37	133	2	this	this	DET
flr-37	133	3	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	133	4	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	133	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	133	6	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	133	7	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	133	8	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	133	9	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	133	10	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	133	11	6	6	NUM
flr-37	134	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	134	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	134	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	134	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	134	5	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	134	6	were	be	AUX
flr-37	134	7	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	134	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	134	9	only	only	ADV
flr-37	134	10	judge	judge	VERB
flr-37	134	11	on	on	ADP
flr-37	134	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	134	13	next	next	ADJ
flr-37	134	14	pages	page	NOUN
flr-37	134	15	whether	whether	SCONJ
flr-37	134	16	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	134	17	not	not	PART
flr-37	134	18	they	they	PRON
flr-37	134	19	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	134	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	134	21	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	134	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	134	23	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	134	24	for	for	ADP
flr-37	134	25	a	a	DET
flr-37	134	26	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	134	27	without	without	ADP
flr-37	134	28	actually	actually	ADV
flr-37	134	29	attempting	attempt	VERB
flr-37	134	30	to	to	PART
flr-37	134	31	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	134	32	it	it	PRON
flr-37	134	33	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	135	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	135	3	all	all	DET
flr-37	135	4	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	135	5	on	on	ADP
flr-37	135	6	pages	page	NOUN
flr-37	135	7	2	2	NUM
flr-37	135	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	135	9	3	3	NUM
flr-37	135	10	were	be	AUX
flr-37	135	11	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	135	12	without	without	ADP
flr-37	135	13	equal	equal	ADJ
flr-37	135	14	sign	sign	NOUN
flr-37	135	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	136	1	instead	instead	ADV
flr-37	136	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	136	3	there	there	PRON
flr-37	136	4	was	be	VERB
flr-37	136	5	a	a	DET
flr-37	136	6	circle	circle	NOUN
flr-37	136	7	to	to	ADP
flr-37	136	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	136	9	right	right	NOUN
flr-37	136	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	136	11	each	each	DET
flr-37	136	12	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	136	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	136	14	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	136	15	were	be	AUX
flr-37	136	16	told	tell	VERB
flr-37	136	17	to	to	PART
flr-37	136	18	mark	mark	VERB
flr-37	136	19	this	this	DET
flr-37	136	20	circle	circle	NOUN
flr-37	136	21	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	136	22	they	they	PRON
flr-37	136	23	believed	believe	VERB
flr-37	136	24	they	they	PRON
flr-37	136	25	did	do	AUX
flr-37	136	26	not	not	PART
flr-37	136	27	need	need	VERB
flr-37	136	28	to	to	PART
flr-37	136	29	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	136	30	the	the	DET
flr-37	136	31	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	136	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	137	1	again	again	ADV
flr-37	137	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	137	3	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	137	4	were	be	AUX
flr-37	137	5	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	137	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	137	7	work	work	VERB
flr-37	137	8	on	on	ADP
flr-37	137	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	137	10	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	137	11	from	from	ADP
flr-37	137	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	137	13	top	top	NOUN
flr-37	137	14	to	to	ADP
flr-37	137	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	137	16	bottom	bottom	NOUN
flr-37	137	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	137	18	each	each	DET
flr-37	137	19	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	137	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	138	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	138	2	1	1	NUM
flr-37	138	3	depicts	depict	VERB
flr-37	138	4	examples	example	NOUN
flr-37	138	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	138	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	138	7	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	138	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	138	9	each	each	PRON
flr-37	138	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	138	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	138	12	two	two	NUM
flr-37	138	13	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	138	14	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	138	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	138	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	138	17	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	138	18	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	138	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	139	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	139	2	1	1	NUM
flr-37	139	3	examples	example	NOUN
flr-37	139	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	139	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	6	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	139	7	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	139	8	on	on	ADP
flr-37	139	9	one	one	NUM
flr-37	139	10	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	139	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	139	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	13	two	two	NUM
flr-37	139	14	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	139	15	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	139	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	139	17	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	139	18	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	139	19	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	139	20	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	139	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	139	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	139	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	24	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	139	25	task	task	PROPN
flr-37	139	26	arithmetic	arithmetic	PROPN
flr-37	139	27	task	task	PROPN
flr-37	139	28	judgment	judgment	PROPN
flr-37	139	29	task	task	PROPN
flr-37	139	30	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	139	31	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	139	32	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	139	33	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	139	34	3	3	NUM
flr-37	139	35	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	36	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	37	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	38	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	39	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	40	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	41	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	42	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	43	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	44	8	8	NUM
flr-37	139	45	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	46	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	47	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	48	8	8	NUM
flr-37	139	49	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	50	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	51	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	52	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	53	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	54	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	55	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	56	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	57	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	58	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	59	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	60	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	61	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	62	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	63	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	64	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	65	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	66	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	67	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	68	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	69	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	70	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	71	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	72	3	3	NUM
flr-37	139	73	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	74	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	75	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	76	8	8	NUM
flr-37	139	77	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	78	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	79	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	80	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	81	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	82	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	83	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	84	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	85	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	86	8	8	NUM
flr-37	139	87	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	88	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	89	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	90	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	91	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	92	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	93	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	94	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	95	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	96	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	97	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	98	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	99	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	100	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	101	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	102	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	103	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	104	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	105	=	=	SYM
flr-37	139	106	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	107	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	108	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	109	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	110	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	111	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	112	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	113	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	114	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	115	4	4	NUM
flr-37	139	116	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	117	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	118	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	119	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	120	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	121	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	122	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	123	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	124	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	125	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	126	8	8	NUM
flr-37	139	127	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	128	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	129	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	130	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	131	3	3	NUM
flr-37	139	132	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	133	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	134	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	135	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	136	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	137	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	138	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	139	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	140	3	3	NUM
flr-37	139	141	2	2	NUM
flr-37	139	142	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	143	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	144	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	145	5	5	NUM
flr-37	139	146	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	147	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	148	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	149	+	+	CCONJ
flr-37	139	150	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	151	9	9	NUM
flr-37	139	152	+	+	NUM
flr-37	139	153	6	6	NUM
flr-37	139	154	+	+	SYM
flr-37	139	155	7	7	NUM
flr-37	139	156			PROPN
flr-37	139	157			PROPN
flr-37	139	158			PROPN
flr-37	139	159			PROPN
flr-37	139	160			PROPN
flr-37	139	161			PROPN
flr-37	139	162			PROPN
flr-37	139	163			PROPN
flr-37	139	164			PROPN
flr-37	139	165			NOUN
flr-37	139	166	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	139	167	in	in	ADP
flr-37	139	168	bold	bold	ADJ
flr-37	139	169	indicate	indicate	VERB
flr-37	139	170	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	171	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	139	172	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	139	173	of	of	ADP
flr-37	139	174	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	175	respective	respective	ADJ
flr-37	139	176	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	139	177	each	each	PRON
flr-37	139	178	of	of	ADP
flr-37	139	179	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	180	two	two	NUM
flr-37	139	181	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	139	182	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	139	183	was	be	AUX
flr-37	139	184	administered	administer	VERB
flr-37	139	185	as	as	ADP
flr-37	139	186	a	a	DET
flr-37	139	187	separate	separate	ADJ
flr-37	139	188	booklet	booklet	NOUN
flr-37	139	189	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	139	190	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	139	191	was	be	AUX
flr-37	139	192	the	the	DET
flr-37	139	193	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	139	194	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	139	195	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	140	1	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	140	2	only	only	ADV
flr-37	140	3	worked	work	VERB
flr-37	140	4	with	with	ADP
flr-37	140	5	a	a	DET
flr-37	140	6	pencil	pencil	NOUN
flr-37	140	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	140	8	were	be	AUX
flr-37	140	9	not	not	PART
flr-37	140	10	allowed	allow	VERB
flr-37	140	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	140	12	use	use	VERB
flr-37	140	13	an	an	DET
flr-37	140	14	eraser	eraser	NOUN
flr-37	140	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	141	1	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	141	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	141	3	to	to	PART
flr-37	141	4	increase	increase	VERB
flr-37	141	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	141	6	reliability	reliability	NOUN
flr-37	141	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	141	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	141	9	timing	timing	NOUN
flr-37	141	10	measure	measure	NOUN
flr-37	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	141	12	they	they	PRON
flr-37	141	13	were	be	AUX
flr-37	141	14	told	tell	VERB
flr-37	141	15	to	to	PART
flr-37	141	16	cross	cross	VERB
flr-37	141	17	out	out	ADP
flr-37	141	18	any	any	DET
flr-37	141	19	errors	error	NOUN
flr-37	141	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	141	21	to	to	PART
flr-37	141	22	write	write	VERB
flr-37	141	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	141	24	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	141	25	answer	answer	NOUN
flr-37	141	26	right	right	ADV
flr-37	141	27	beside	beside	ADP
flr-37	141	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	141	29	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	141	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	142	1	an	an	DET
flr-37	142	2	experimenter	experimenter	NOUN
flr-37	142	3	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	142	4	all	all	DET
flr-37	142	5	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	142	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	142	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	142	8	classroom	classroom	NOUN
flr-37	142	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	143	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	143	2	experiment	experiment	NOUN
flr-37	143	3	started	start	VERB
flr-37	143	4	with	with	ADP
flr-37	143	5	six	six	NUM
flr-37	143	6	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	143	7	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	143	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	143	9	with	with	ADP
flr-37	143	10	three	three	NUM
flr-37	143	11	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	143	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	144	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	144	2	only	only	ADJ
flr-37	144	3	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	144	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	144	5	this	this	DET
flr-37	144	6	phase	phase	NOUN
flr-37	144	7	was	be	AUX
flr-37	144	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	144	9	familiarize	familiarize	VERB
flr-37	144	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	144	11	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	144	12	with	with	ADP
flr-37	144	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	144	14	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	144	15	requirements	requirement	NOUN
flr-37	144	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	145	1	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	145	2	were	be	AUX
flr-37	145	3	given	give	VERB
flr-37	145	4	2	2	NUM
flr-37	145	5	minutes	minute	NOUN
flr-37	145	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	145	7	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	145	8	these	these	DET
flr-37	145	9	six	six	NUM
flr-37	145	10	warm	warm	ADJ
flr-37	145	11	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	145	12	up	up	ADP
flr-37	145	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	145	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	146	1	then	then	ADV
flr-37	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	146	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	146	4	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	146	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	146	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	146	7	two	two	NUM
flr-37	146	8	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	146	9	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	146	10	was	be	AUX
flr-37	146	11	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	146	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	147	1	approximately	approximately	ADV
flr-37	147	2	half	half	NOUN
flr-37	147	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	147	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	147	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	147	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	147	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	147	8	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	147	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	147	10	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	147	11	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	147	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	147	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	147	14	all	all	DET
flr-37	147	15	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	147	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	147	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	147	18	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	147	19	condition	condition	NOUN
flr-37	147	20	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	147	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	147	22	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	147	23	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	147	24	first	first	ADV
flr-37	147	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	147	26	followed	follow	VERB
flr-37	147	27	by	by	ADP
flr-37	147	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	147	29	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	147	30	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	147	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	148	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	148	2	remaining	remain	VERB
flr-37	148	3	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	148	4	started	start	VERB
flr-37	148	5	with	with	ADP
flr-37	148	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	148	7	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	148	8	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	148	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	148	10	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
flr-37	148	11	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	148	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	148	13	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	148	14	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	148	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	149	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	149	2	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	149	3	limit	limit	NOUN
flr-37	149	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	149	5	set	set	VERB
flr-37	149	6	to	to	ADP
flr-37	149	7	3	3	NUM
flr-37	149	8	minutes	minute	NOUN
flr-37	149	9	per	per	ADP
flr-37	149	10	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	149	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	149	12	1	1	NUM
flr-37	149	13	minute	minute	NOUN
flr-37	149	14	for	for	ADP
flr-37	149	15	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	149	16	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	149	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	149	18	with	with	ADP
flr-37	149	19	a	a	DET
flr-37	149	20	1	1	NUM
flr-37	149	21	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	149	22	minute	minute	NOUN
flr-37	149	23	break	break	NOUN
flr-37	149	24	between	between	ADP
flr-37	149	25	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	149	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	150	1	one	one	NUM
flr-37	150	2	minute	minute	NOUN
flr-37	150	3	after	after	ADP
flr-37	150	4	having	having	AUX
flr-37	150	5	finished	finish	VERB
flr-37	150	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	150	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	150	8	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	150	9	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	150	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	150	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	150	12	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	150	13	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	150	14	was	be	AUX
flr-37	150	15	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	150	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	151	1	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	151	2	were	be	AUX
flr-37	151	3	allowed	allow	VERB
flr-37	151	4	2	2	NUM
flr-37	151	5	minutes	minute	NOUN
flr-37	151	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	151	7	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	151	8	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	151	9	again	again	ADV
flr-37	151	10	1	1	NUM
flr-37	151	11	minute	minute	NOUN
flr-37	151	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	151	13	to	to	PART
flr-37	151	14	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	151	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	151	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	151	17	on	on	ADP
flr-37	151	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	151	19	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	151	20	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	151	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	152	1	afterwards	afterwards	ADV
flr-37	152	2	they	they	PRON
flr-37	152	3	had	have	VERB
flr-37	152	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	152	5	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	152	6	amount	amount	NOUN
flr-37	152	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	152	8	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	152	9	for	for	ADP
flr-37	152	10	marking	mark	VERB
flr-37	152	11	those	those	DET
flr-37	152	12	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	152	13	they	they	PRON
flr-37	152	14	believed	believe	VERB
flr-37	152	15	they	they	PRON
flr-37	152	16	could	could	AUX
flr-37	152	17	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	152	18	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	152	19	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	152	20	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	152	21	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	152	22	7	7	NUM
flr-37	153	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	153	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	153	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	153	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	153	5	have	have	AUX
flr-37	153	6	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	153	7	without	without	ADP
flr-37	153	8	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	153	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	154	1	after	after	ADP
flr-37	154	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	154	3	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	154	4	phase	phase	NOUN
flr-37	154	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	154	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	154	7	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	154	8	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	154	9	limit	limit	NOUN
flr-37	154	10	was	be	AUX
flr-37	154	11	applied	apply	VERB
flr-37	154	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	154	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	154	14	two	two	NUM
flr-37	154	15	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
flr-37	154	16	pages	page	NOUN
flr-37	154	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	154	18	so	so	SCONJ
flr-37	154	19	that	that	DET
flr-37	154	20	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	154	21	did	do	AUX
flr-37	154	22	not	not	PART
flr-37	154	23	suffice	suffice	VERB
flr-37	154	24	to	to	PART
flr-37	154	25	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	154	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	154	27	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	154	28	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	154	29	to	to	PART
flr-37	154	30	concurrently	concurrently	ADV
flr-37	154	31	mark	mark	VERB
flr-37	154	32	those	those	DET
flr-37	154	33	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	154	34	requiring	require	VERB
flr-37	154	35	no	no	DET
flr-37	154	36	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	154	37	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	155	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	155	2	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	155	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	155	4	up	up	ADP
flr-37	155	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	155	6	four	four	NUM
flr-37	155	7	additional	additional	ADJ
flr-37	155	8	experimenters	experimenter	NOUN
flr-37	155	9	observing	observe	VERB
flr-37	155	10	small	small	ADJ
flr-37	155	11	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	155	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	155	13	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	155	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	155	15	up	up	ADP
flr-37	155	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	155	17	six	six	NUM
flr-37	155	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	155	19	ensured	ensure	VERB
flr-37	155	20	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	155	21	they	they	PRON
flr-37	155	22	were	be	AUX
flr-37	155	23	not	not	PART
flr-37	155	24	calculating	calculate	VERB
flr-37	155	25	the	the	DET
flr-37	155	26	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	155	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	156	1	after	after	ADP
flr-37	156	2	this	this	DET
flr-37	156	3	last	last	ADJ
flr-37	156	4	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	156	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	156	6	all	all	DET
flr-37	156	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	156	8	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	156	9	some	some	DET
flr-37	156	10	sweets	sweet	NOUN
flr-37	156	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	157	1	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	157	2	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	157	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	157	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	157	5	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	157	6	condition	condition	NOUN
flr-37	157	7	were	be	AUX
flr-37	157	8	debriefed	debrief	VERB
flr-37	157	9	about	about	ADP
flr-37	157	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	157	11	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	157	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	158	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
flr-37	158	2	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	159	1	design	design	NOUN
flr-37	159	2	independent	independent	ADJ
flr-37	159	3	variables	variable	NOUN
flr-37	159	4	were	be	AUX
flr-37	159	5	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	159	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	159	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	159	8	versus	versus	ADP
flr-37	159	9	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	159	10	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	159	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	159	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	159	13	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	159	14	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	159	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	159	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	159	17	versus	versus	ADP
flr-37	159	18	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	159	19	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	159	20	in	in	ADP
flr-37	159	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	159	22	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	159	23	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	159	24	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	159	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	160	1	dependent	dependent	ADJ
flr-37	160	2	variables	variable	NOUN
flr-37	160	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	160	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	160	5	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	160	6	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	160	7	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	160	8	were	be	AUX
flr-37	160	9	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	160	10	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	160	11	per	per	ADP
flr-37	160	12	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	160	13	in	in	ADP
flr-37	160	14	each	each	PRON
flr-37	160	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	160	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	160	17	two	two	NUM
flr-37	160	18	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	160	19	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	160	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	160	21	as	as	ADV
flr-37	160	22	well	well	ADV
flr-37	160	23	as	as	ADP
flr-37	160	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	160	25	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	160	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	160	27	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	160	28	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	160	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	161	1	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	161	2	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	161	3	was	be	AUX
flr-37	161	4	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	161	5	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	161	6	for	for	ADP
flr-37	161	7	each	each	DET
flr-37	161	8	participant	participant	NOUN
flr-37	161	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	161	10	each	each	PRON
flr-37	161	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	161	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	161	13	two	two	NUM
flr-37	161	14	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	161	15	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	161	16	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	161	17	by	by	ADP
flr-37	161	18	dividing	divide	VERB
flr-37	161	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	161	20	individual	individual	ADJ
flr-37	161	21	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	161	22	of	of	ADP
flr-37	161	23	completed	complete	VERB
flr-37	161	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	161	25	by	by	ADP
flr-37	161	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	161	27	total	total	ADJ
flr-37	161	28	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	161	29	given	give	VERB
flr-37	161	30	for	for	ADP
flr-37	161	31	the	the	DET
flr-37	161	32	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	161	33	in	in	ADP
flr-37	161	34	the	the	DET
flr-37	161	35	respective	respective	ADJ
flr-37	161	36	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	161	37	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	161	38	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	161	39	three	three	NUM
flr-37	161	40	minutes	minute	NOUN
flr-37	161	41	for	for	ADP
flr-37	161	42	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	161	43	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	161	44	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	161	45	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	161	46	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	161	47	1	1	NUM
flr-37	161	48	minute	minute	NOUN
flr-37	161	49	for	for	ADP
flr-37	161	50	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	161	51	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	161	52	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	162	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	162	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	162	3	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	162	4	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	162	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	162	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	162	7	dependent	dependent	ADJ
flr-37	162	8	variables	variable	NOUN
flr-37	162	9	were	be	AUX
flr-37	162	10	relative	relative	ADJ
flr-37	162	11	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	162	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	162	13	hits	hit	NOUN
flr-37	162	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	162	15	correctly	correctly	ADV
flr-37	162	16	identified	identify	VERB
flr-37	162	17	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	162	18	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	162	19	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	162	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	162	21	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	162	22	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	162	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	162	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	162	25	incorrectly	incorrectly	ADV
flr-37	162	26	identified	identify	VERB
flr-37	162	27	as	as	ADP
flr-37	162	28	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	162	29	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	162	30	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	162	31	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	162	32	as	as	ADV
flr-37	162	33	well	well	ADV
flr-37	162	34	as	as	ADP
flr-37	162	35	the	the	DET
flr-37	162	36	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	162	37	index	index	NOUN
flr-37	162	38	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	162	39	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	162	40	from	from	ADP
flr-37	162	41	signal	signal	ADJ
flr-37	162	42	detection	detection	NOUN
flr-37	162	43	theory	theory	NOUN
flr-37	162	44	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	162	45	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	162	46	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	162	47	the	the	DET
flr-37	162	48	difference	difference	NOUN
flr-37	162	49	between	between	ADP
flr-37	162	50	z	z	NOUN
flr-37	162	51	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	162	52	transformed	transform	VERB
flr-37	162	53	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	162	54	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	162	55	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	162	56	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	162	57	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	162	58	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	162	59	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	162	60	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	163	1	2.5	2.5	NUM
flr-37	163	2	split	split	ADJ
flr-37	163	3	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	163	4	half	half	NOUN
flr-37	163	5	reliability	reliability	NOUN
flr-37	163	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	163	7	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	163	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	163	9	check	check	VERB
flr-37	163	10	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	163	11	our	our	PRON
flr-37	163	12	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	163	13	are	be	AUX
flr-37	163	14	reliable	reliable	ADJ
flr-37	163	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	163	16	we	we	PRON
flr-37	163	17	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	163	18	split	split	ADJ
flr-37	163	19	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	163	20	half	half	NOUN
flr-37	163	21	reliabilities	reliability	NOUN
flr-37	163	22	for	for	ADP
flr-37	163	23	each	each	DET
flr-37	163	24	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	163	25	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	163	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	164	1	that	that	PRON
flr-37	164	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	164	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	164	4	for	for	ADP
flr-37	164	5	each	each	PRON
flr-37	164	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	164	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	8	two	two	NUM
flr-37	164	9	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	164	10	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	164	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	164	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	13	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	164	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	164	15	we	we	PRON
flr-37	164	16	calculated	calculate	VERB
flr-37	164	17	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	164	18	between	between	ADP
flr-37	164	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	20	two	two	NUM
flr-37	164	21	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	164	22	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	164	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	164	24	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	164	25	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	164	26	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	164	27	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	164	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	164	29	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	164	30	between	between	ADP
flr-37	164	31	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	32	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	164	33	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	164	34	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	164	35	pages	page	NOUN
flr-37	164	36	of	of	ADP
flr-37	164	37	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	38	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	164	39	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	164	40	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	164	41	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	42	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	164	43	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	164	44	of	of	ADP
flr-37	164	45	the	the	DET
flr-37	164	46	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	164	47	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	164	48	was	be	AUX
flr-37	164	49	excluded	exclude	VERB
flr-37	164	50	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	164	51	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	165	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	165	2	2	2	NUM
flr-37	165	3	shows	show	VERB
flr-37	165	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	165	5	spearman	spearman	NOUN
flr-37	165	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	165	7	brown	brown	ADJ
flr-37	165	8	corrected	correct	VERB
flr-37	165	9	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	165	10	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
flr-37	165	11	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	165	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	165	13	each	each	DET
flr-37	165	14	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	165	15	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	165	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	165	17	each	each	DET
flr-37	165	18	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	165	19	format	format	NOUN
flr-37	165	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	165	21	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	165	22	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	165	23	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	165	24	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	165	25	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	165	26	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	165	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	166	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	166	2	2	2	NUM
flr-37	166	3	spearman	spearman	NOUN
flr-37	166	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	166	5	brown	brown	ADJ
flr-37	166	6	corrected	correct	VERB
flr-37	166	7	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	166	8	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
flr-37	166	9	for	for	ADP
flr-37	166	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	11	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	166	12	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	166	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	166	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	15	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	166	16	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	166	17	for	for	ADP
flr-37	166	18	all	all	DET
flr-37	166	19	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	166	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	166	21	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	166	22	for	for	ADP
flr-37	166	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	24	three	three	NUM
flr-37	166	25	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	166	26	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	166	27	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	166	28	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	166	29	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	166	30	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	166	31	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	166	32	between	between	ADP
flr-37	166	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	34	amount	amount	NOUN
flr-37	166	35	of	of	ADP
flr-37	166	36	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	166	37	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	166	38	in	in	ADP
flr-37	166	39	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	40	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	166	41	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	166	42	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	166	43	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	44	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	166	45	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	166	46	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	166	47	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	166	48	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	166	49	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	166	50	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	166	51	between	between	ADP
flr-37	166	52	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	166	53	responses	response	NOUN
flr-37	166	54	on	on	ADP
flr-37	166	55	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	56	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	166	57	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	166	58	on	on	ADP
flr-37	166	59	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	60	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	166	61	pages	page	NOUN
flr-37	166	62	of	of	ADP
flr-37	166	63	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	64	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	166	65	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	166	66	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	166	67	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	166	68	amount	amount	NOUN
flr-37	166	69	of	of	ADP
flr-37	166	70	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	166	71	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	166	72	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	166	73	all	all	DET
flr-37	166	74	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	166	75	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	166	76	2	2	NUM
flr-37	166	77	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	166	78	3	3	NUM
flr-37	166	79	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	166	80	amount	amount	NOUN
flr-37	166	81	of	of	ADP
flr-37	166	82	computed	computed	ADJ
flr-37	166	83	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	166	84	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	166	85	.90	.90	NUM
flr-37	166	86	.88	.88	NUM
flr-37	166	87	.88	.88	NUM
flr-37	166	88	.95	.95	NUM
flr-37	166	89	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	166	90	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	166	91	amount	amount	NOUN
flr-37	166	92	of	of	ADP
flr-37	166	93	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	166	94	judgments	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	166	95	on	on	ADP
flr-37	166	96	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	97	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	166	98	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	166	99	all	all	DET
flr-37	166	100	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	166	101	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	166	102	2	2	NUM
flr-37	166	103	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	166	104	3	3	NUM
flr-37	166	105	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	166	106	amount	amount	NOUN
flr-37	166	107	of	of	ADP
flr-37	166	108	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	166	109	judgments	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	166	110	on	on	ADP
flr-37	166	111	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	112	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	166	113	page	page	NOUN
flr-37	166	114	.82	.82	NUM
flr-37	166	115	.83	.83	NUM
flr-37	166	116	.78	.78	NUM
flr-37	166	117	.86	.86	NUM
flr-37	166	118	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	166	119	can	can	AUX
flr-37	166	120	be	be	AUX
flr-37	166	121	seen	see	VERB
flr-37	166	122	from	from	ADP
flr-37	166	123	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	166	124	2	2	NUM
flr-37	166	125	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	166	126	the	the	DET
flr-37	166	127	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	166	128	coefficients	coefficient	VERB
flr-37	166	129	in	in	ADP
flr-37	166	130	each	each	DET
flr-37	166	131	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	166	132	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	166	133	ranged	range	VERB
flr-37	166	134	between	between	ADP
flr-37	166	135	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	166	136	=	=	SYM
flr-37	166	137	.78	.78	NUM
flr-37	166	138	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	166	139	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	166	140	=	=	SYM
flr-37	166	141	.95	.95	NUM
flr-37	166	142	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	167	1	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	167	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	167	4	two	two	NUM
flr-37	167	5	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	167	6	used	use	VERB
flr-37	167	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	167	8	assess	assess	VERB
flr-37	167	9	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	167	10	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	167	11	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	167	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	167	13	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	167	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	167	15	seem	seem	VERB
flr-37	167	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	167	17	be	be	AUX
flr-37	167	18	reliable	reliable	ADJ
flr-37	167	19	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	167	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	168	1	3	3	X
flr-37	168	2	.	.	NOUN
flr-37	168	3	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	168	4	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	168	5	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	168	6	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	168	7	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	168	8	were	be	AUX
flr-37	168	9	excluded	exclude	VERB
flr-37	168	10	from	from	ADP
flr-37	168	11	further	further	ADJ
flr-37	168	12	analyses	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	168	13	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	168	14	they	they	PRON
flr-37	168	15	completed	complete	VERB
flr-37	168	16	less	less	ADJ
flr-37	168	17	than	than	ADP
flr-37	168	18	16	16	NUM
flr-37	168	19	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	168	20	across	across	ADP
flr-37	168	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	168	22	two	two	NUM
flr-37	168	23	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	168	24	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	168	25	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	168	26	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	168	27	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	168	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	168	29	2	2	NUM
flr-37	168	30	standard	standard	ADJ
flr-37	168	31	deviations	deviation	NOUN
flr-37	168	32	below	below	ADP
flr-37	168	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	168	34	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	168	35	means	mean	VERB
flr-37	168	36	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	168	37	15	15	NUM
flr-37	168	38	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	168	39	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	168	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	168	41	12	12	NUM
flr-37	168	42	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	168	43	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	168	44	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	168	45	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	168	46	1	1	NUM
flr-37	168	47	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	168	48	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	168	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	169	1	they	they	PRON
flr-37	169	2	were	be	AUX
flr-37	169	3	also	also	ADV
flr-37	169	4	excluded	exclude	VERB
flr-37	169	5	from	from	ADP
flr-37	169	6	further	further	ADJ
flr-37	169	7	analyses	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	169	8	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	169	9	they	they	PRON
flr-37	169	10	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	169	11	all	all	PRON
flr-37	169	12	30	30	NUM
flr-37	169	13	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	169	14	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	169	15	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	169	16	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	169	17	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	169	18	8	8	NUM
flr-37	170	1	|	|	NOUN
flr-37	170	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	170	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	170	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	170	5	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	170	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	170	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	170	8	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	170	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	170	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	170	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	170	12	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	170	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	170	14	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	170	15	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	170	16	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	170	17	could	could	AUX
flr-37	170	18	not	not	PART
flr-37	170	19	be	be	AUX
flr-37	170	20	calculated	calculate	VERB
flr-37	170	21	for	for	ADP
flr-37	170	22	these	these	DET
flr-37	170	23	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	170	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	170	25	2	2	NUM
flr-37	170	26	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	170	27	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	170	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	170	29	23	23	NUM
flr-37	170	30	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	170	31	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	170	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	170	33	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	170	34	8	8	NUM
flr-37	170	35	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	170	36	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	170	37	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	171	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	171	2	led	lead	VERB
flr-37	171	3	to	to	ADP
flr-37	171	4	146	146	NUM
flr-37	171	5	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	171	6	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	171	8	145	145	NUM
flr-37	171	9	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	171	10	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	171	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	171	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	171	13	37	37	NUM
flr-37	171	14	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	171	15	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	171	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	171	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	171	18	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	171	19	condition	condition	NOUN
flr-37	171	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	172	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	172	2	following	follow	VERB
flr-37	172	3	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	172	4	section	section	NOUN
flr-37	172	5	is	be	AUX
flr-37	172	6	divided	divide	VERB
flr-37	172	7	into	into	ADP
flr-37	172	8	three	three	NUM
flr-37	172	9	parts	part	NOUN
flr-37	172	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	173	1	we	we	PRON
flr-37	173	2	first	first	ADV
flr-37	173	3	describe	describe	VERB
flr-37	173	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	173	5	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	173	6	for	for	ADP
flr-37	173	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	173	8	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	173	9	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	173	10	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	173	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	174	1	second	second	ADV
flr-37	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	174	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	174	4	report	report	VERB
flr-37	174	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	174	6	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	174	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	174	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	174	9	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	174	10	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	174	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	175	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
flr-37	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	175	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	175	4	analyze	analyze	VERB
flr-37	175	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	175	6	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	175	7	between	between	ADP
flr-37	175	8	these	these	DET
flr-37	175	9	two	two	NUM
flr-37	175	10	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	175	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	176	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
flr-37	176	2	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	176	3	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	176	4	as	as	ADP
flr-37	176	5	a	a	DET
flr-37	176	6	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
flr-37	176	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	176	8	did	do	AUX
flr-37	176	9	not	not	PART
flr-37	176	10	reveal	reveal	VERB
flr-37	176	11	substantial	substantial	ADJ
flr-37	176	12	effects	effect	NOUN
flr-37	176	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	176	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	176	15	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	176	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	176	17	presentation	presentation	NOUN
flr-37	176	18	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	176	19	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	176	20	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	176	21	first	first	ADV
flr-37	176	22	followed	follow	VERB
flr-37	176	23	by	by	ADP
flr-37	176	24	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	176	25	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	176	26	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	176	27	vice	vice	NOUN
flr-37	176	28	versa	versa	ADV
flr-37	176	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	176	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	176	31	we	we	PRON
flr-37	176	32	collapsed	collapse	VERB
flr-37	176	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	176	34	data	datum	NOUN
flr-37	176	35	for	for	ADP
flr-37	176	36	all	all	DET
flr-37	176	37	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	176	38	within	within	ADP
flr-37	176	39	the	the	DET
flr-37	176	40	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	176	41	of	of	ADP
flr-37	176	42	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	176	43	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	176	44	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	176	45	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	176	46	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	177	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	177	2	3	3	NUM
flr-37	177	3	depicts	depict	VERB
flr-37	177	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	177	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	177	6	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	177	7	for	for	ADP
flr-37	177	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	177	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	177	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	177	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	177	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	177	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	177	14	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	177	15	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	177	16	per	per	ADP
flr-37	177	17	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	177	18	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	177	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	178	1	mean	mean	VERB
flr-37	178	2	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	178	3	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	178	4	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	178	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	178	6	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	178	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	178	8	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	178	9	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	178	10	benefitted	benefit	VERB
flr-37	178	11	from	from	ADP
flr-37	178	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	178	13	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	178	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	178	15	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
flr-37	178	16	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	178	17	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	178	18	did	do	VERB
flr-37	178	19	not	not	PART
flr-37	178	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	179	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	179	2	3	3	NUM
flr-37	179	3	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	179	4	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	179	5	per	per	ADP
flr-37	179	6	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	179	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	179	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	179	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	179	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	179	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	179	12	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	179	13	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	179	14	for	for	ADP
flr-37	179	15	each	each	DET
flr-37	179	16	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	179	17	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	179	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	180	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	180	2	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	180	3	holds	hold	VERB
flr-37	180	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	180	5	means	mean	NOUN
flr-37	180	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	180	7	standard	standard	ADJ
flr-37	180	8	deviations	deviation	NOUN
flr-37	180	9	for	for	ADP
flr-37	180	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	180	11	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	180	12	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	180	13	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	180	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	180	15	seconds	second	NOUN
flr-37	180	16	as	as	ADV
flr-37	180	17	well	well	ADV
flr-37	180	18	as	as	ADP
flr-37	180	19	lower	low	ADJ
flr-37	180	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	180	21	upper	upper	ADJ
flr-37	180	22	limit	limit	NOUN
flr-37	180	23	of	of	ADP
flr-37	180	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	180	25	95-%	95-%	NUM
flr-37	180	26	confidence	confidence	NOUN
flr-37	180	27	interval	interval	NOUN
flr-37	180	28	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	29	ci	ci	NOUN
flr-37	180	30	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	180	31	loftus	loftus	PROPN
flr-37	180	32	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	180	33	masson	masson	PROPN
flr-37	180	34	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	35	1994	1994	NUM
flr-37	180	36	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	37	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	180	38	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	180	39	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	180	40	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	180	41	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	180	42	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	180	43	n	n	VERB
flr-37	180	44	m	m	PROPN
flr-37	180	45	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	46	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	180	47	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	48	m±95%ci	m±95%ci	PROPN
flr-37	180	49	m	m	PROPN
flr-37	180	50	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	51	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	180	52	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	53	m±95%ci	m±95%ci	PROPN
flr-37	180	54	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	180	55	2	2	NUM
flr-37	180	56	12.33	12.33	NUM
flr-37	180	57	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	58	3.74	3.74	NUM
flr-37	180	59	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	60	12.09	12.09	NUM
flr-37	180	61	12.66	12.66	NUM
flr-37	180	62	13.28	13.28	NUM
flr-37	180	63	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	64	4.39	4.39	NUM
flr-37	180	65	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	66	12.95	12.95	NUM
flr-37	180	67	13.60	13.60	NUM
flr-37	180	68	146	146	NUM
flr-37	180	69	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	180	70	3	3	NUM
flr-37	180	71	9.55	9.55	NUM
flr-37	180	72	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	73	2.51	2.51	NUM
flr-37	180	74	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	75	9.34	9.34	NUM
flr-37	180	76	9.76	9.76	NUM
flr-37	180	77	9.93	9.93	NUM
flr-37	180	78	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	79	3.12	3.12	NUM
flr-37	180	80	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	81	9.72	9.72	NUM
flr-37	180	82	10.14	10.14	NUM
flr-37	180	83	145	145	NUM
flr-37	180	84	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	180	85	3.79	3.79	NUM
flr-37	180	86	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	87	1.04	1.04	NUM
flr-37	180	88	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	89	3.66	3.66	NUM
flr-37	180	90	3.92	3.92	NUM
flr-37	180	91	3.63	3.63	NUM
flr-37	180	92	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	93	1.04	1.04	NUM
flr-37	180	94	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	95	3.50	3.50	NUM
flr-37	180	96	3.76	3.76	NUM
flr-37	180	97	37	37	NUM
flr-37	180	98	a	a	DET
flr-37	180	99	2	2	NUM
flr-37	180	100	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	101	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	180	102	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	180	103	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	104	x	x	SYM
flr-37	180	105	2	2	NUM
flr-37	180	106	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	107	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	180	108	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	180	109	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	180	110	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	180	111	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	180	112	vs.	vs.	X
flr-37	180	113	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	180	114	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	180	115	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	116	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	180	117	of	of	ADP
flr-37	180	118	variance	variance	NOUN
flr-37	180	119	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	120	anova	anova	PROPN
flr-37	180	121	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	122	with	with	ADP
flr-37	180	123	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	180	124	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	180	125	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	180	126	dependent	dependent	ADJ
flr-37	180	127	variable	variable	NOUN
flr-37	180	128	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	180	129	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	180	130	main	main	ADJ
flr-37	180	131	effects	effect	NOUN
flr-37	180	132	of	of	ADP
flr-37	180	133	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	180	134	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	180	135	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	136	f[1	f[1	PROPN
flr-37	180	137	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	138	289	289	NUM
flr-37	180	139	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	180	140	=	=	SYM
flr-37	180	141	66.23	66.23	NUM
flr-37	180	142	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	143	mse	mse	NOUN
flr-37	180	144	=	=	SYM
flr-37	180	145	20.64	20.64	NUM
flr-37	180	146	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	147	p	p	NOUN
flr-37	180	148	.23	.23	NUM
flr-37	180	149	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	150	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	151	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	180	152	of	of	ADP
flr-37	180	153	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	180	154	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	180	155	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	180	156	f[1	f[1	PROPN
flr-37	180	157	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	158	289	289	NUM
flr-37	180	159	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	180	160	=	=	SYM
flr-37	180	161	15.94	15.94	NUM
flr-37	180	162	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	163	mse	mse	NOUN
flr-37	180	164	=	=	SYM
flr-37	180	165	4.04	4.04	NUM
flr-37	180	166	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	180	167	p	p	X
flr-37	180	168	=	=	NOUN
flr-37	180	169	.06	.06	NUM
flr-37	180	170	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	180	171	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	181	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	181	2	interaction	interaction	NOUN
flr-37	181	3	between	between	ADP
flr-37	181	4	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	181	5	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	181	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	181	7	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	181	8	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	181	9	was	be	AUX
flr-37	181	10	close	close	ADJ
flr-37	181	11	to	to	ADP
flr-37	181	12	significance	significance	NOUN
flr-37	181	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	181	14	f[1	f[1	ADJ
flr-37	181	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	181	16	289	289	NUM
flr-37	181	17	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	181	18	=	=	SYM
flr-37	181	19	2.98	2.98	NUM
flr-37	181	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	181	21	mse	mse	NOUN
flr-37	181	22	=	=	SYM
flr-37	181	23	4.04	4.04	NUM
flr-37	181	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	181	25	p	p	X
flr-37	181	26	=	=	NOUN
flr-37	181	27	.088	.088	NUM
flr-37	181	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	181	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	182	1	planned	plan	VERB
flr-37	182	2	contrasts	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	182	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	182	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	182	5	only	only	ADJ
flr-37	182	6	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	182	7	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	182	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
flr-37	182	9	profited	profit	VERB
flr-37	182	10	from	from	ADP
flr-37	182	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	182	12	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	182	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	182	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	182	15	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	182	16	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	182	17	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	182	18	f[1	f[1	ADJ
flr-37	182	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	182	20	289	289	NUM
flr-37	182	21	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	182	22	=	=	SYM
flr-37	182	23	16.32	16.32	NUM
flr-37	182	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	182	25	mse	mse	NOUN
flr-37	182	26	=	=	SYM
flr-37	182	27	4.04	4.04	NUM
flr-37	182	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	182	29	p	p	NOUN
flr-37	182	30	.06	.06	NUM
flr-37	182	31	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	182	32	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	182	33	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	182	34	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	182	35	f[1,289	f[1,289	ADJ
flr-37	182	36	]	]	X
flr-37	182	37	=	=	SYM
flr-37	182	38	2.59	2.59	NUM
flr-37	182	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	182	40	mse	mse	NOUN
flr-37	182	41	=	=	SYM
flr-37	182	42	4.04	4.04	NUM
flr-37	182	43	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	182	44	p	p	NOUN
flr-37	182	45	=	=	NOUN
flr-37	182	46	.108	.108	NUM
flr-37	182	47	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	182	48	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	183	1	a	a	DET
flr-37	183	2	separate	separate	ADJ
flr-37	183	3	t	t	NOUN
flr-37	183	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	183	5	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	183	6	with	with	ADP
flr-37	183	7	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	183	8	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	183	9	as	as	ADP
flr-37	183	10	within	within	ADP
flr-37	183	11	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	183	12	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	183	13	variable	variable	NOUN
flr-37	183	14	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	183	15	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	183	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	183	17	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	183	18	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	183	19	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	183	20	did	do	AUX
flr-37	183	21	not	not	PART
flr-37	183	22	show	show	VERB
flr-37	183	23	a	a	DET
flr-37	183	24	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	183	25	benefit	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	183	26	from	from	ADP
flr-37	183	27	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	183	28	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	183	29	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	183	30	t	t	X
flr-37	183	31	<	<	X
flr-37	183	32	1	1	NUM
flr-37	183	33	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	183	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	184	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	184	2	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	184	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	184	4	we	we	PRON
flr-37	184	5	also	also	ADV
flr-37	184	6	analyzed	analyze	VERB
flr-37	184	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	184	8	percentage	percentage	NOUN
flr-37	184	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	184	10	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	184	11	responses	response	NOUN
flr-37	184	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	184	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	184	14	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	184	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	184	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	184	17	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	184	18	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	184	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	185	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	185	2	4	4	NUM
flr-37	185	3	presents	present	VERB
flr-37	185	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	185	5	percentage	percentage	NOUN
flr-37	185	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	185	7	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	185	8	responses	response	NOUN
flr-37	185	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	185	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	185	11	two	two	NUM
flr-37	185	12	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	185	13	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	185	14	for	for	ADP
flr-37	185	15	these	these	DET
flr-37	185	16	two	two	NUM
flr-37	185	17	types	type	NOUN
flr-37	185	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	185	19	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	185	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	186	1	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	186	2	can	can	AUX
flr-37	186	3	be	be	AUX
flr-37	186	4	seen	see	VERB
flr-37	186	5	from	from	ADP
flr-37	186	6	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	186	7	4	4	NUM
flr-37	186	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	186	9	percentage	percentage	NOUN
flr-37	186	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	186	11	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	186	12	responses	response	NOUN
flr-37	186	13	was	be	AUX
flr-37	186	14	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	186	15	for	for	ADP
flr-37	186	16	thirdas	thirda	NOUN
flr-37	186	17	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	186	18	to	to	ADP
flr-37	186	19	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	186	20	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	186	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	187	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
flr-37	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	187	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	187	4	2	2	NUM
flr-37	187	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	187	6	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	187	7	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	187	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	187	9	x	x	SYM
flr-37	187	10	2	2	NUM
flr-37	187	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	187	12	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	187	13	type	type	NOUN
flr-37	187	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	187	15	anova	anova	PROPN
flr-37	187	16	yielded	yield	VERB
flr-37	187	17	a	a	DET
flr-37	187	18	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	187	19	main	main	ADJ
flr-37	187	20	effect	effect	NOUN
flr-37	187	21	of	of	ADP
flr-37	187	22	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	187	23	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	187	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	187	25	f[1	f[1	PROPN
flr-37	187	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	187	27	289	289	NUM
flr-37	187	28	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	187	29	=	=	SYM
flr-37	187	30	3.8	3.8	NUM
flr-37	187	31	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	187	32	mse	mse	NOUN
flr-37	187	33	=	=	SYM
flr-37	187	34	118.27	118.27	NUM
flr-37	187	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	187	36	p	p	X
flr-37	187	37	<	<	X
flr-37	187	38	.05	.05	NUM
flr-37	187	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	187	40	η²	η²	PROPN
flr-37	187	41	=	=	SYM
flr-37	187	42	.01	.01	NUM
flr-37	187	43	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	187	44	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	188	1	no	no	DET
flr-37	188	2	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	188	3	effect	effect	NOUN
flr-37	188	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	188	5	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	188	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	189	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	189	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	189	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	189	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	189	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	189	6	9	9	NUM
flr-37	190	1	|	|	CCONJ
flr-37	190	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	190	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	190	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	190	5	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	190	6	4	4	NUM
flr-37	190	7	mean	mean	NOUN
flr-37	190	8	percent	percent	NOUN
flr-37	190	9	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	190	10	responses	response	NOUN
flr-37	190	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	190	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	190	13	three	three	NUM
flr-37	190	14	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	190	15	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	190	16	for	for	ADP
flr-37	190	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	190	18	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	190	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	190	20	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	190	21	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	190	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	191	1	also	also	ADV
flr-37	191	2	depicted	depict	VERB
flr-37	191	3	are	be	AUX
flr-37	191	4	standard	standard	ADJ
flr-37	191	5	deviations	deviation	NOUN
flr-37	191	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	191	8	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
flr-37	191	9	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	191	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	191	12	lower	low	ADJ
flr-37	191	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	191	14	upper	upper	ADJ
flr-37	191	15	limit	limit	NOUN
flr-37	191	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	191	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	191	18	95-%	95-%	NUM
flr-37	191	19	confidence	confidence	NOUN
flr-37	191	20	interval	interval	NOUN
flr-37	191	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	22	ci	ci	NOUN
flr-37	191	23	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	191	24	loftus	loftus	PROPN
flr-37	191	25	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	191	26	masson	masson	PROPN
flr-37	191	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	191	28	1994	1994	NUM
flr-37	191	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	30	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	191	31	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	191	32	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	191	33	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	191	34	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	191	35	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	191	36	n	n	VERB
flr-37	191	37	m	m	PROPN
flr-37	191	38	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	39	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	191	40	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	41	m±95%ci	m±95%ci	PROPN
flr-37	191	42	m	m	PROPN
flr-37	191	43	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	44	sd	sd	NOUN
flr-37	191	45	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	46	m±95%ci	m±95%ci	PROPN
flr-37	191	47	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	191	48	2	2	NUM
flr-37	191	49	92.66	92.66	NUM
flr-37	191	50	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	51	9.85	9.85	NUM
flr-37	191	52	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	53	91.64	91.64	NUM
flr-37	191	54	93.68	93.68	NUM
flr-37	191	55	93.11	93.11	NUM
flr-37	191	56	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	57	9.13	9.13	NUM
flr-37	191	58	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	59	92.0894.13	92.0894.13	NUM
flr-37	191	60	146	146	NUM
flr-37	191	61	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	191	62	3	3	NUM
flr-37	191	63	94.33	94.33	NUM
flr-37	191	64	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	65	8.62	8.62	NUM
flr-37	191	66	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	67	91.64	91.64	NUM
flr-37	191	68	93.68	93.68	NUM
flr-37	191	69	94.82	94.82	NUM
flr-37	191	70	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	71	8.31	8.31	NUM
flr-37	191	72	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	73	94.0495.60	94.0495.60	NUM
flr-37	191	74	145	145	NUM
flr-37	191	75	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	191	76	96.66	96.66	NUM
flr-37	191	77	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	78	9.08	9.08	NUM
flr-37	191	79	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	191	80	94.8198.51	94.8198.51	NUM
flr-37	191	81	95.94	95.94	NUM
flr-37	191	82	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	191	83	12.55	12.55	NUM
flr-37	191	84	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	192	1	94.0997.78	94.0997.78	NUM
flr-37	192	2	37	37	NUM
flr-37	192	3	overall	overall	NOUN
flr-37	192	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	192	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	192	6	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	192	7	up	up	ADP
flr-37	192	8	to	to	ADP
flr-37	192	9	this	this	DET
flr-37	192	10	point	point	NOUN
flr-37	192	11	show	show	VERB
flr-37	192	12	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	192	13	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	192	14	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	192	15	were	be	AUX
flr-37	192	16	faster	fast	ADJ
flr-37	192	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	192	18	less	less	ADJ
flr-37	192	19	error	error	NOUN
flr-37	192	20	prone	prone	ADJ
flr-37	192	21	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	192	22	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	192	23	to	to	ADP
flr-37	192	24	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	192	25	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	192	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	193	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
flr-37	193	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	193	3	more	more	ADV
flr-37	193	4	importantly	importantly	ADV
flr-37	193	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	193	6	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	193	7	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	193	8	showed	show	VERB
flr-37	193	9	a	a	DET
flr-37	193	10	substantial	substantial	ADJ
flr-37	193	11	benefit	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	193	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	193	13	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	193	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	193	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	194	1	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	194	2	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	194	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	194	4	tendency	tendency	NOUN
flr-37	194	5	also	also	ADV
flr-37	194	6	profited	profit	VERB
flr-37	194	7	from	from	ADP
flr-37	194	8	these	these	DET
flr-37	194	9	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	194	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	194	11	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	194	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	194	13	them	they	PRON
flr-37	194	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	194	15	effect	effect	NOUN
flr-37	194	16	was	be	AUX
flr-37	194	17	not	not	PART
flr-37	194	18	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	194	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	195	1	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	195	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	195	3	by	by	ADP
flr-37	195	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
flr-37	195	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	195	6	did	do	AUX
flr-37	195	7	not	not	PART
flr-37	195	8	show	show	VERB
flr-37	195	9	such	such	DET
flr-37	195	10	a	a	DET
flr-37	195	11	benefit	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	195	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	195	13	probably	probably	ADV
flr-37	195	14	due	due	ADP
flr-37	195	15	to	to	ADP
flr-37	195	16	a	a	DET
flr-37	195	17	floor	floor	NOUN
flr-37	195	18	effect	effect	NOUN
flr-37	195	19	based	base	VERB
flr-37	195	20	on	on	ADP
flr-37	195	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	195	22	simplicity	simplicity	NOUN
flr-37	195	23	of	of	ADP
flr-37	195	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	195	25	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	195	26	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	195	27	for	for	ADP
flr-37	195	28	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	195	29	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	195	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	195	31	see	see	VERB
flr-37	195	32	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	195	33	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	195	34	dubé	dubé	NOUN
flr-37	195	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	195	36	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	195	37	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	195	38	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	195	39	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	195	40	ninowski	ninowski	PROPN
flr-37	195	41	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	195	42	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	195	43	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	195	44	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	196	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
flr-37	196	2	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	196	3	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	196	4	for	for	ADP
flr-37	196	5	each	each	DET
flr-37	196	6	student	student	NOUN
flr-37	196	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	196	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	196	9	individually	individually	ADV
flr-37	196	10	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	196	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	196	12	hit	hit	NOUN
flr-37	196	13	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	196	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	196	15	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	196	16	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	196	17	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	196	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	196	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	196	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	196	21	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	196	22	index	index	NOUN
flr-37	196	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	196	24	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	196	25	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	196	26	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	196	27	from	from	ADP
flr-37	196	28	signal	signal	ADJ
flr-37	196	29	detection	detection	NOUN
flr-37	196	30	theory	theory	NOUN
flr-37	196	31	2	2	NUM
flr-37	196	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	196	33	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	196	34	5	5	NUM
flr-37	196	35	depicts	depict	VERB
flr-37	196	36	the	the	DET
flr-37	196	37	means	mean	NOUN
flr-37	196	38	for	for	ADP
flr-37	196	39	these	these	DET
flr-37	196	40	dependent	dependent	ADJ
flr-37	196	41	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	196	42	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	196	43	for	for	ADP
flr-37	196	44	each	each	PRON
flr-37	196	45	of	of	ADP
flr-37	196	46	the	the	DET
flr-37	196	47	two	two	NUM
flr-37	196	48	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	196	49	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	196	50	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	196	51	the	the	DET
flr-37	196	52	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	196	53	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	196	54	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	197	1	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	197	2	expected	expect	VERB
flr-37	197	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	197	4	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	197	5	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	197	6	was	be	AUX
flr-37	197	7	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	197	8	than	than	ADP
flr-37	197	9	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	197	10	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	197	11	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	197	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	197	13	all	all	DET
flr-37	197	14	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	197	15	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	197	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	198	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
flr-37	198	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	198	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	198	4	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	198	5	index	index	NOUN
flr-37	198	6	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	198	7	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	198	8	differed	differ	VERB
flr-37	198	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
flr-37	198	10	from	from	ADP
flr-37	198	11	chance	chance	NOUN
flr-37	198	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	198	13	all	all	PRON
flr-37	198	14	ts	ts	ADP
flr-37	198	15	>	>	X
flr-37	198	16	2.5	2.5	NUM
flr-37	198	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	198	18	ps	ps	INTJ
flr-37	198	19	<	<	X
flr-37	198	20	.01	.01	NUM
flr-37	198	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	198	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	199	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	199	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	199	3	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	199	4	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	199	5	were	be	AUX
flr-37	199	6	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	199	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	199	8	correctly	correctly	ADV
flr-37	199	9	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	199	10	at	at	ADP
flr-37	199	11	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	199	12	some	some	PRON
flr-37	199	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	199	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	199	15	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	199	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	199	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	200	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	200	2	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	200	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	200	4	d	d	X
flr-37	200	5	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	200	6	was	be	AUX
flr-37	200	7	substantially	substantially	ADV
flr-37	200	8	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	200	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	200	10	thirdas	thirda	NOUN
flr-37	200	11	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	200	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	200	13	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	200	14	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	200	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	200	16	t[289	t[289	NOUN
flr-37	200	17	]	]	X
flr-37	200	18	=	=	SYM
flr-37	200	19	2.18	2.18	NUM
flr-37	200	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	200	21	p	p	X
flr-37	200	22	<	<	X
flr-37	200	23	.05	.05	NUM
flr-37	200	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	200	25	η²	η²	PROPN
flr-37	200	26	=	=	SYM
flr-37	200	27	.02	.02	NUM
flr-37	200	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	200	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	201	1	2	2	NUM
flr-37	201	2	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	201	3	for	for	ADP
flr-37	201	4	each	each	DET
flr-37	201	5	student	student	NOUN
flr-37	201	6	within	within	ADP
flr-37	201	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	201	8	respective	respective	ADJ
flr-37	201	9	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	201	10	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	201	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	201	12	we	we	PRON
flr-37	201	13	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	201	14	z	z	NOUN
flr-37	201	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	201	16	score	score	NOUN
flr-37	201	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	201	18	his	his	PRON
flr-37	201	19	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	201	20	her	her	PRON
flr-37	201	21	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	201	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	201	23	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	201	24	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	201	25	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	201	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	202	1	then	then	ADV
flr-37	202	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	202	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	202	4	individually	individually	ADV
flr-37	202	5	computed	compute	VERB
flr-37	202	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	202	7	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	202	8	index	index	NOUN
flr-37	202	9	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	202	10	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	202	11	from	from	ADP
flr-37	202	12	signal	signal	ADJ
flr-37	202	13	detection	detection	NOUN
flr-37	202	14	theory	theory	NOUN
flr-37	202	15	by	by	ADP
flr-37	202	16	subtracting	subtract	VERB
flr-37	202	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	202	18	ztransformed	ztransformed	ADJ
flr-37	202	19	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	202	20	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	202	21	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	202	22	from	from	ADP
flr-37	202	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	202	24	z	z	NOUN
flr-37	202	25	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	202	26	transformed	transform	VERB
flr-37	202	27	hit	hit	NOUN
flr-37	202	28	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	202	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	203	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	203	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	203	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	203	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	203	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	204	1	10	10	NUM
flr-37	205	1	|	|	NOUN
flr-37	205	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	205	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	205	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	205	5	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	205	6	5	5	NUM
flr-37	205	7	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	205	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	205	9	hits	hit	NOUN
flr-37	205	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	205	11	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	205	12	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	205	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	205	14	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	205	15	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	205	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	205	17	each	each	PRON
flr-37	205	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	205	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	205	20	three	three	NUM
flr-37	205	21	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	205	22	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	205	23	in	in	ADP
flr-37	205	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	205	25	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	205	26	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	205	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	206	1	standard	standard	ADJ
flr-37	206	2	deviants	deviant	NOUN
flr-37	206	3	are	be	AUX
flr-37	206	4	given	give	VERB
flr-37	206	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	206	6	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
flr-37	206	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	207	1	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	207	2	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	207	3	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	207	4	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	207	5	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	207	6	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	207	7	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	207	8	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	207	9	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	207	10	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	207	11	2	2	NUM
flr-37	207	12	.70	.70	NUM
flr-37	207	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	14	.28	.28	NUM
flr-37	207	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	16	.36	.36	NUM
flr-37	207	17	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	18	.33	.33	NUM
flr-37	207	19	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	20	1.81	1.81	NUM
flr-37	207	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	22	2.35	2.35	NUM
flr-37	207	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	24	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	207	25	3	3	NUM
flr-37	207	26	.81	.81	NUM
flr-37	207	27	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	28	.22	.22	NUM
flr-37	207	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	30	.35	.35	NUM
flr-37	207	31	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	32	.32	.32	NUM
flr-37	207	33	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	34	2.41	2.41	NUM
flr-37	207	35	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	36	2.32	2.32	NUM
flr-37	207	37	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	38	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	207	39	.82	.82	NUM
flr-37	207	40	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	41	.25	.25	NUM
flr-37	207	42	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	43	.11	.11	NUM
flr-37	207	44	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	45	.18	.18	NUM
flr-37	207	46	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	47	3.92	3.92	NUM
flr-37	207	48	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	49	2.33	2.33	NUM
flr-37	207	50	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	51	low	low	ADJ
flr-37	207	52	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	207	53	could	could	AUX
flr-37	207	54	result	result	VERB
flr-37	207	55	from	from	ADP
flr-37	207	56	two	two	NUM
flr-37	207	57	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	207	58	sources	source	NOUN
flr-37	207	59	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	207	60	the	the	DET
flr-37	207	61	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
flr-37	207	62	to	to	PART
flr-37	207	63	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	207	64	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	207	65	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	207	66	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	67	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	207	68	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	207	69	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	70	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	207	71	a	a	DET
flr-37	207	72	tendency	tendency	NOUN
flr-37	207	73	to	to	PART
flr-37	207	74	mark	mark	VERB
flr-37	207	75	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	207	76	than	than	ADP
flr-37	207	77	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	207	78	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	207	79	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	207	80	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	207	81	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	207	82	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	207	83	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	207	84	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	208	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	208	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	208	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	208	4	additionally	additionally	ADV
flr-37	208	5	analyzed	analyze	VERB
flr-37	208	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	208	7	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	208	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	208	9	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	208	10	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	208	11	rates	rate	NOUN
flr-37	208	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	208	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	208	14	two	two	NUM
flr-37	208	15	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	208	16	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	208	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	209	1	these	these	DET
flr-37	209	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	209	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	209	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	209	5	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	209	6	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	209	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	209	8	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	209	9	3	3	NUM
flr-37	209	10	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	209	11	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	209	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	209	13	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	209	14	2	2	NUM
flr-37	209	15	was	be	AUX
flr-37	209	16	mainly	mainly	ADV
flr-37	209	17	due	due	ADJ
flr-37	209	18	to	to	ADP
flr-37	209	19	a	a	DET
flr-37	209	20	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	209	21	hit	hit	NOUN
flr-37	209	22	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	209	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	210	1	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	210	2	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	210	3	were	be	AUX
flr-37	210	4	less	less	ADV
flr-37	210	5	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	210	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	210	7	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	210	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	210	9	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	210	10	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	210	11	than	than	ADP
flr-37	210	12	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	210	13	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	210	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	210	15	t[289	t[289	NOUN
flr-37	210	16	]	]	X
flr-37	210	17	=	=	SYM
flr-37	210	18	3.44	3.44	NUM
flr-37	210	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	210	20	p	p	X
flr-37	210	21	<	<	X
flr-37	210	22	.01	.01	NUM
flr-37	210	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	210	24	²	²	X
flr-37	210	25	=	=	SYM
flr-37	210	26	.04	.04	NUM
flr-37	210	27	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	210	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	211	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	211	2	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	211	3	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	211	4	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	211	5	did	do	AUX
flr-37	211	6	not	not	PART
flr-37	211	7	differ	differ	VERB
flr-37	211	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
flr-37	211	9	between	between	ADP
flr-37	211	10	these	these	DET
flr-37	211	11	two	two	NUM
flr-37	211	12	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	211	13	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	211	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	211	15	t	t	X
flr-37	211	16	<	<	X
flr-37	211	17	1	1	NUM
flr-37	211	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	211	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	212	1	by	by	ADP
flr-37	212	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	212	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	212	4	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	212	5	can	can	AUX
flr-37	212	6	be	be	AUX
flr-37	212	7	seen	see	VERB
flr-37	212	8	from	from	ADP
flr-37	212	9	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	212	10	5	5	NUM
flr-37	212	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	212	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	212	13	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	212	14	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	212	15	in	in	ADP
flr-37	212	16	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	212	17	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	212	18	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	212	19	to	to	ADP
flr-37	212	20	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	212	21	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	212	22	resulted	result	VERB
flr-37	212	23	from	from	ADP
flr-37	212	24	a	a	DET
flr-37	212	25	lower	low	ADJ
flr-37	212	26	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	212	27	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	212	28	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	212	29	in	in	ADP
flr-37	212	30	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	212	31	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	212	32	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
flr-37	212	33	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	212	34	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	212	35	was	be	AUX
flr-37	212	36	almost	almost	ADV
flr-37	212	37	identical	identical	ADJ
flr-37	212	38	in	in	ADP
flr-37	212	39	these	these	DET
flr-37	212	40	two	two	NUM
flr-37	212	41	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	212	42	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	212	43	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	213	1	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	213	3	older	old	ADJ
flr-37	213	4	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	213	5	were	be	AUX
flr-37	213	6	better	well	ADJ
flr-37	213	7	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	213	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	213	9	discriminate	discriminate	VERB
flr-37	213	10	between	between	ADP
flr-37	213	11	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	213	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	213	13	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	213	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	213	15	than	than	ADP
flr-37	213	16	younger	young	ADJ
flr-37	213	17	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	213	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	214	1	this	this	DET
flr-37	214	2	finding	finding	NOUN
flr-37	214	3	from	from	ADP
flr-37	214	4	our	our	PRON
flr-37	214	5	cross	cross	ADJ
flr-37	214	6	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	214	7	sectional	sectional	ADJ
flr-37	214	8	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	214	9	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	214	10	comparison	comparison	NOUN
flr-37	214	11	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	214	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	214	13	progress	progress	NOUN
flr-37	214	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	214	15	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	214	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	214	17	with	with	ADP
flr-37	214	18	increasing	increase	VERB
flr-37	214	19	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	214	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	214	21	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	214	22	cohort	cohort	NOUN
flr-37	214	23	differences	difference	NOUN
flr-37	214	24	are	be	AUX
flr-37	214	25	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
flr-37	214	26	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	214	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	215	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
flr-37	215	2	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	215	3	between	between	ADP
flr-37	215	4	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	215	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	215	6	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	215	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	215	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	215	9	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	215	10	reported	report	VERB
flr-37	215	11	up	up	ADP
flr-37	215	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	215	13	this	this	DET
flr-37	215	14	point	point	NOUN
flr-37	215	15	are	be	AUX
flr-37	215	16	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
flr-37	215	17	counterintuitive	counterintuitive	ADJ
flr-37	215	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	216	1	even	even	ADV
flr-37	216	2	though	though	SCONJ
flr-37	216	3	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	216	4	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	216	5	were	be	AUX
flr-37	216	6	better	well	ADJ
flr-37	216	7	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	216	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	216	9	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	216	10	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	216	11	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	216	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	216	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	216	14	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	216	15	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	216	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	216	17	they	they	PRON
flr-37	216	18	seemed	seem	VERB
flr-37	216	19	to	to	PART
flr-37	216	20	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	216	21	less	less	ADV
flr-37	216	22	on	on	ADP
flr-37	216	23	a	a	DET
flr-37	216	24	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	216	25	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	216	26	based	base	VERB
flr-37	216	27	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	216	28	during	during	ADP
flr-37	216	29	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	216	30	than	than	ADP
flr-37	216	31	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	216	32	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	216	33	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	217	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	217	2	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	217	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	217	4	for	for	ADP
flr-37	217	5	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	217	6	we	we	PRON
flr-37	217	7	found	find	VERB
flr-37	217	8	no	no	DET
flr-37	217	9	benefit	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	217	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	217	11	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	217	12	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	217	13	in	in	ADP
flr-37	217	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	217	15	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	217	16	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	217	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	218	1	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	218	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	218	4	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	218	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	218	6	either	either	CCONJ
flr-37	218	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	218	8	willingness	willingness	NOUN
flr-37	218	9	to	to	PART
flr-37	218	10	use	use	VERB
flr-37	218	11	more	more	ADV
flr-37	218	12	efficient	efficient	ADJ
flr-37	218	13	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	218	14	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	218	15	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	218	16	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	218	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	218	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	218	19	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	218	20	itself	itself	PRON
flr-37	218	21	decreases	decrease	VERB
flr-37	218	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	218	23	while	while	SCONJ
flr-37	218	24	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	218	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	218	26	increases	increase	VERB
flr-37	218	27	with	with	ADP
flr-37	218	28	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	218	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	218	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	219	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	219	2	last	last	ADJ
flr-37	219	3	analyses	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	219	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	219	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	219	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
flr-37	219	7	between	between	ADP
flr-37	219	8	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	219	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	219	10	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	219	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	219	12	might	might	AUX
flr-37	219	13	help	help	VERB
flr-37	219	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	219	15	reconcile	reconcile	VERB
flr-37	219	16	this	this	DET
flr-37	219	17	picture	picture	NOUN
flr-37	219	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	220	1	these	these	DET
flr-37	220	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	220	3	will	will	AUX
flr-37	220	4	answer	answer	VERB
flr-37	220	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	220	6	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	220	7	question	question	NOUN
flr-37	220	8	whether	whether	SCONJ
flr-37	220	9	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	220	10	not	not	PART
flr-37	220	11	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	220	12	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	220	13	an	an	DET
flr-37	220	14	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	220	15	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	220	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	220	17	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	220	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	221	1	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	221	2	so	so	ADV
flr-37	221	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	221	4	we	we	PRON
flr-37	221	5	should	should	AUX
flr-37	221	6	find	find	VERB
flr-37	221	7	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	221	8	positive	positive	ADJ
flr-37	221	9	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	221	10	between	between	ADP
flr-37	221	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	221	12	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	221	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	221	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	221	15	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	221	16	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	221	17	based	base	VERB
flr-37	221	18	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	221	19	in	in	ADP
flr-37	221	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	221	21	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	221	22	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	221	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	221	24	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	221	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	221	26	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	221	27	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	221	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	221	29	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	221	30	to	to	PART
flr-37	221	31	correctly	correctly	ADV
flr-37	221	32	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	221	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	221	34	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	221	35	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	221	36	in	in	ADP
flr-37	221	37	the	the	DET
flr-37	221	38	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	221	39	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	221	40	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	221	41	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	221	42	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	221	43	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	221	44	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	222	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	222	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	222	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	222	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	222	5	we	we	PRON
flr-37	222	6	used	use	VERB
flr-37	222	7	for	for	ADP
flr-37	222	8	each	each	DET
flr-37	222	9	participant	participant	NOUN
flr-37	222	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	222	11	average	average	ADJ
flr-37	222	12	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	222	13	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	222	14	per	per	ADP
flr-37	222	15	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	222	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	222	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	222	18	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	222	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	222	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	222	21	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	222	22	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	222	23	of	of	ADP
flr-37	222	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	222	25	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	222	26	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	222	27	as	as	ADV
flr-37	222	28	well	well	ADV
flr-37	222	29	as	as	ADP
flr-37	222	30	the	the	DET
flr-37	222	31	difference	difference	NOUN
flr-37	222	32	between	between	ADP
flr-37	222	33	these	these	DET
flr-37	222	34	two	two	NUM
flr-37	222	35	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	222	36	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	222	37	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	222	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	222	39	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	222	40	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	222	41	with	with	ADP
flr-37	222	42	positive	positive	ADJ
flr-37	222	43	values	value	NOUN
flr-37	222	44	indicating	indicate	VERB
flr-37	222	45	shorter	short	ADJ
flr-37	222	46	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	222	47	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	222	48	in	in	ADP
flr-37	222	49	the	the	DET
flr-37	222	50	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	222	51	block	block	NOUN
flr-37	222	52	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	222	53	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	223	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	223	2	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	223	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	223	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	223	5	we	we	PRON
flr-37	223	6	used	use	VERB
flr-37	223	7	hit	hit	NOUN
flr-37	223	8	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	223	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	223	10	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	223	11	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	223	12	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	223	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	223	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	223	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	223	16	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	223	17	measure	measure	NOUN
flr-37	223	18	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	223	19	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	223	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	224	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	224	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	224	3	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	224	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	224	5	we	we	PRON
flr-37	224	6	calculated	calculate	VERB
flr-37	224	7	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	224	8	across	across	ADP
flr-37	224	9	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	224	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	224	11	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	224	12	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	224	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	225	1	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	225	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	225	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	225	4	calculated	calculate	VERB
flr-37	225	5	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	225	6	within	within	ADP
flr-37	225	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	225	8	two	two	NUM
flr-37	225	9	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	225	10	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	225	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	225	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	225	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	225	14	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	225	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	226	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	226	2	6	6	NUM
flr-37	226	3	depicts	depict	VERB
flr-37	226	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	226	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	226	6	between	between	ADP
flr-37	226	7	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	226	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	226	9	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	226	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	226	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	227	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	227	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	227	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	227	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	227	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	227	6	11	11	NUM
flr-37	228	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	228	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	228	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	228	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	228	5	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	228	6	6	6	NUM
flr-37	228	7	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	228	8	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
flr-37	228	9	between	between	ADP
flr-37	228	10	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	228	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	228	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	228	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	228	14	depicted	depict	VERB
flr-37	228	15	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	228	16	for	for	ADP
flr-37	228	17	all	all	DET
flr-37	228	18	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	228	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	228	20	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	228	21	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	228	22	as	as	ADV
flr-37	228	23	well	well	ADV
flr-37	228	24	as	as	ADP
flr-37	228	25	for	for	ADP
flr-37	228	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	228	27	three	three	NUM
flr-37	228	28	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	228	29	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	228	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	229	1	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	229	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	229	3	is	be	AUX
flr-37	229	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
flr-37	229	5	by	by	ADP
flr-37	229	6	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	229	7	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	229	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	229	9	seconds	second	NOUN
flr-37	229	10	for	for	ADP
flr-37	229	11	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	229	12	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	229	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	229	14	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	229	15	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	229	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	229	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	229	18	in	in	ADP
flr-37	229	19	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	229	20	for	for	ADP
flr-37	229	21	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	229	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	230	1	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	230	2	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	230	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	230	4	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	230	5	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	230	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	230	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	230	8	d	d	X
flr-37	230	9	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	230	10	indicate	indicate	VERB
flr-37	230	11	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	230	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	230	13	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	230	14	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	230	15	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	230	16	task	task	PROPN
flr-37	230	17	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	230	18	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	230	19	control	control	VERB
flr-37	230	20	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	230	21	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	230	22	n	n	PRON
flr-37	230	23	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	230	24	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	230	25	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	230	26	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	230	27	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	230	28	-0.23	-0.23	PRON
flr-37	230	29	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	230	30	*	*	NOUN
flr-37	230	31	-0.17	-0.17	PROPN
flr-37	230	32	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	230	33	*	*	NOUN
flr-37	230	34	0.001	0.001	NUM
flr-37	230	35	291	291	NUM
flr-37	230	36	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	230	37	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	230	38	-0.09	-0.09	NUM
flr-37	230	39	-0.09	-0.09	NUM
flr-37	230	40	0.02	0.02	NUM
flr-37	230	41	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	230	42	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	230	43	-0.05	-0.05	NUM
flr-37	230	44	-0.02	-0.02	NUM
flr-37	230	45	0.01	0.01	NUM
flr-37	230	46	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	230	47	2	2	NUM
flr-37	230	48	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	230	49	-0.23	-0.23	PRON
flr-37	230	50	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	230	51	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	230	52	-0.18	-0.18	PRON
flr-37	230	53	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	230	54	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	230	55	-0.04	-0.04	NUM
flr-37	230	56	146	146	NUM
flr-37	230	57	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	230	58	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	230	59	-0.13	-0.13	PUNCT
flr-37	231	1	-0.15	-0.15	NUM
flr-37	231	2	-0.03	-0.03	NUM
flr-37	231	3	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	231	4	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	231	5	-0.09	-0.09	NUM
flr-37	231	6	-0.04	-0.04	NUM
flr-37	231	7	-0.008	-0.008	NOUN
flr-37	231	8	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	231	9	3	3	NUM
flr-37	231	10	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	231	11	-0.02	-0.02	NUM
flr-37	231	12	0.06	0.06	NUM
flr-37	231	13	0.11	0.11	NUM
flr-37	231	14	145	145	NUM
flr-37	231	15	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	231	16	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	231	17	0.06	0.06	NUM
flr-37	231	18	-0.04	-0.04	NUM
flr-37	231	19	0.01	0.01	NUM
flr-37	231	20	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	231	21	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	231	22	0.05	0.05	NUM
flr-37	231	23	0.09	0.09	NUM
flr-37	231	24	0.06	0.06	NUM
flr-37	231	25	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	231	26	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	231	27	-0.23	-0.23	PROPN
flr-37	231	28	0.03	0.03	NUM
flr-37	231	29	0.39	0.39	NUM
flr-37	231	30	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	231	31	37	37	NUM
flr-37	231	32	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	231	33	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	231	34	-0.15	-0.15	NUM
flr-37	231	35	-0.24	-0.24	NUM
flr-37	231	36	-0.14	-0.14	NUM
flr-37	231	37	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	231	38	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	231	39	-0.11	-0.11	NUM
flr-37	231	40	0.13	0.13	NUM
flr-37	231	41	0.36	0.36	NUM
flr-37	231	42	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	232	1	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	232	2	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	232	3	p	p	X
flr-37	232	4	<	<	X
flr-37	232	5	.01	.01	NUM
flr-37	232	6	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	232	7	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	232	8	p	p	X
flr-37	232	9	<	<	X
flr-37	232	10	.05	.05	NUM
flr-37	232	11	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	232	12	can	can	AUX
flr-37	232	13	be	be	AUX
flr-37	232	14	seen	see	VERB
flr-37	232	15	from	from	ADP
flr-37	232	16	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	232	17	6	6	NUM
flr-37	232	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	232	19	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	232	20	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	232	21	for	for	ADP
flr-37	232	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	232	23	entire	entire	ADJ
flr-37	232	24	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	232	25	correlated	correlate	VERB
flr-37	232	26	negatively	negatively	ADV
flr-37	232	27	with	with	ADP
flr-37	232	28	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	232	29	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	232	30	for	for	ADP
flr-37	232	31	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	232	32	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	232	33	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	232	34	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	232	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	233	1	that	that	PRON
flr-37	233	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	233	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	233	5	faster	fast	ADV
flr-37	233	6	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	233	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	233	8	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	233	9	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	233	10	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	233	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	233	12	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	233	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	233	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	233	15	the	the	PRON
flr-37	233	16	better	well	ADJ
flr-37	233	17	they	they	PRON
flr-37	233	18	were	be	AUX
flr-37	233	19	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	233	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	233	21	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	233	22	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	233	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	233	24	in	in	ADP
flr-37	233	25	the	the	DET
flr-37	233	26	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	233	27	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	233	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	234	1	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	234	2	in	in	ADP
flr-37	234	3	solution	solution	NOUN
flr-37	234	4	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	234	5	due	due	ADJ
flr-37	234	6	to	to	ADP
flr-37	234	7	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	234	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	234	9	were	be	AUX
flr-37	234	10	not	not	PART
flr-37	234	11	related	relate	VERB
flr-37	234	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	234	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	234	14	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	234	15	to	to	PART
flr-37	234	16	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	234	17	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	234	18	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	234	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	234	20	suggesting	suggest	VERB
flr-37	234	21	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	234	22	their	their	PRON
flr-37	234	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	234	24	about	about	ADP
flr-37	234	25	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	234	26	was	be	AUX
flr-37	234	27	not	not	PART
flr-37	234	28	very	very	ADV
flr-37	234	29	well	well	ADV
flr-37	234	30	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	234	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	235	1	a	a	DET
flr-37	235	2	closer	close	ADJ
flr-37	235	3	look	look	NOUN
flr-37	235	4	at	at	ADP
flr-37	235	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	235	6	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	235	7	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	235	8	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	235	9	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	235	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	235	11	however	however	ADV
flr-37	235	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	235	13	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	235	14	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	235	15	showed	show	VERB
flr-37	235	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	235	17	expected	expect	VERB
flr-37	235	18	positive	positive	ADJ
flr-37	235	19	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	235	20	between	between	ADP
flr-37	235	21	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	235	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	235	23	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	235	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	236	1	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	236	2	who	who	PRON
flr-37	236	3	applied	apply	VERB
flr-37	236	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	236	5	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	236	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	236	7	based	base	VERB
flr-37	236	8	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	236	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	236	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	236	11	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	236	12	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	236	13	were	be	AUX
flr-37	236	14	also	also	ADV
flr-37	236	15	those	those	PRON
flr-37	236	16	who	who	PRON
flr-37	236	17	were	be	AUX
flr-37	236	18	better	well	ADJ
flr-37	236	19	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	236	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	236	21	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	236	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	236	23	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	236	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	236	25	in	in	ADP
flr-37	236	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	236	27	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	236	28	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	236	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	237	1	this	this	DET
flr-37	237	2	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	237	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	237	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	237	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	237	6	tested	test	VERB
flr-37	237	7	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	237	8	do	do	AUX
flr-37	237	9	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	237	10	an	an	DET
flr-37	237	11	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	237	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	237	13	representation	representation	NOUN
flr-37	237	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	237	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	237	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	237	17	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	237	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	238	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	238	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	238	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	238	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	238	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	238	6	12	12	NUM
flr-37	239	1	|	|	NOUN
flr-37	239	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	239	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	239	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	239	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	239	6	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	239	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	239	8	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	239	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	239	10	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	239	11	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	239	12	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	239	13	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	239	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	239	15	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	239	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	239	17	were	be	AUX
flr-37	239	18	only	only	ADV
flr-37	239	19	weakly	weakly	ADV
flr-37	239	20	related	related	ADJ
flr-37	239	21	at	at	ADP
flr-37	239	22	best	good	ADJ
flr-37	239	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	240	1	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	240	2	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	240	3	6	6	NUM
flr-37	240	4	additionally	additionally	ADV
flr-37	240	5	reveals	reveal	NOUN
flr-37	240	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	240	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	240	8	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	240	9	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	240	10	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	240	11	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	240	12	correlated	correlate	VERB
flr-37	240	13	negatively	negatively	ADV
flr-37	240	14	with	with	ADP
flr-37	240	15	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	240	16	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	240	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	241	1	again	again	ADV
flr-37	241	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	241	3	this	this	DET
flr-37	241	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	241	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	241	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	241	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	241	8	faster	fast	ADJ
flr-37	241	9	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	241	10	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	241	11	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	241	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	241	13	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	241	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	241	15	the	the	PRON
flr-37	241	16	better	well	ADJ
flr-37	241	17	they	they	PRON
flr-37	241	18	were	be	AUX
flr-37	241	19	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	241	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	241	21	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	241	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	241	23	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	241	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	241	25	in	in	ADP
flr-37	241	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	241	27	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	241	28	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	241	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	242	1	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	242	3	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	242	4	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	242	5	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	242	6	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	242	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	242	8	discriminate	discriminate	VERB
flr-37	242	9	between	between	ADP
flr-37	242	10	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	242	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	242	12	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	242	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	242	14	was	be	AUX
flr-37	242	15	linked	link	VERB
flr-37	242	16	to	to	ADP
flr-37	242	17	more	more	ADV
flr-37	242	18	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	242	19	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	242	20	competencies	competency	NOUN
flr-37	242	21	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	242	22	than	than	ADP
flr-37	242	23	to	to	ADP
flr-37	242	24	their	their	PRON
flr-37	242	25	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	242	26	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	242	27	about	about	ADP
flr-37	242	28	using	use	VERB
flr-37	242	29	the	the	DET
flr-37	242	30	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	242	31	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	242	32	based	base	VERB
flr-37	242	33	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	242	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	243	1	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	243	2	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	243	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	243	4	by	by	ADP
flr-37	243	5	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	243	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	243	7	did	do	AUX
flr-37	243	8	not	not	PART
flr-37	243	9	show	show	VERB
flr-37	243	10	any	any	DET
flr-37	243	11	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	243	12	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	243	13	between	between	ADP
flr-37	243	14	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	243	15	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	243	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	243	17	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
flr-37	243	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	244	1	overall	overall	ADV
flr-37	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	244	3	these	these	DET
flr-37	244	4	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	244	5	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	244	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	244	7	only	only	ADJ
flr-37	244	8	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	244	9	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	244	10	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	244	11	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	244	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	244	13	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	244	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	244	15	is	be	AUX
flr-37	244	16	based	base	VERB
flr-37	244	17	on	on	ADP
flr-37	244	18	an	an	DET
flr-37	244	19	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	244	20	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	244	21	of	of	ADP
flr-37	244	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	244	23	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	244	24	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	244	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	245	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	245	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	245	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	245	4	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	245	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	245	6	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	245	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	245	8	seem	seem	VERB
flr-37	245	9	to	to	PART
flr-37	245	10	be	be	AUX
flr-37	245	11	only	only	ADV
flr-37	245	12	weakly	weakly	ADV
flr-37	245	13	related	relate	VERB
flr-37	245	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	245	15	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	245	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	245	17	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	245	18	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	245	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	246	1	note	note	VERB
flr-37	246	2	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	246	3	alternatively	alternatively	ADV
flr-37	246	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	246	5	one	one	PRON
flr-37	246	6	also	also	ADV
flr-37	246	7	could	could	AUX
flr-37	246	8	argue	argue	VERB
flr-37	246	9	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	246	10	our	our	PRON
flr-37	246	11	assessments	assessment	NOUN
flr-37	246	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	246	13	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	246	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	246	15	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	246	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	246	17	are	be	AUX
flr-37	246	18	not	not	PART
flr-37	246	19	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
flr-37	246	20	reliable	reliable	ADJ
flr-37	246	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	246	22	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	246	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	246	24	see	see	VERB
flr-37	246	25	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	246	26	2	2	NUM
flr-37	246	27	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	246	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	247	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	247	2	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	247	3	to	to	PART
flr-37	247	4	further	far	ADV
flr-37	247	5	rule	rule	VERB
flr-37	247	6	out	out	ADP
flr-37	247	7	this	this	DET
flr-37	247	8	latter	latter	ADJ
flr-37	247	9	argument	argument	NOUN
flr-37	247	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	247	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	247	12	better	well	ADV
flr-37	247	13	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	247	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	247	15	missing	miss	VERB
flr-37	247	16	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	247	17	between	between	ADP
flr-37	247	18	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	247	19	in	in	ADP
flr-37	247	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	247	21	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	247	22	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	247	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	247	24	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	247	25	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	247	26	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	247	27	the	the	DET
flr-37	247	28	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	247	29	index	index	NOUN
flr-37	247	30	in	in	ADP
flr-37	247	31	the	the	DET
flr-37	247	32	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	247	33	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	247	34	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	247	35	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	247	36	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	247	37	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	247	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	247	39	we	we	PRON
flr-37	247	40	conducted	conduct	VERB
flr-37	247	41	a	a	DET
flr-37	247	42	final	final	ADJ
flr-37	247	43	fine	fine	ADJ
flr-37	247	44	grained	grain	VERB
flr-37	247	45	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	247	46	for	for	ADP
flr-37	247	47	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	247	48	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	247	49	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	247	50	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	247	51	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	248	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	248	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	248	3	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	248	4	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	248	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	248	6	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	248	7	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	248	8	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	248	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	248	10	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	248	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	248	12	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	248	13	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	248	14	was	be	AUX
flr-37	248	15	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	248	16	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	248	17	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	248	18	approximately	approximately	ADV
flr-37	248	19	40	40	NUM
flr-37	248	20	%	%	NOUN
flr-37	248	21	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	248	22	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	248	23	5	5	NUM
flr-37	248	24	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	248	25	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	248	26	differed	differ	VERB
flr-37	248	27	largely	largely	ADV
flr-37	248	28	between	between	ADP
flr-37	248	29	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	248	30	in	in	ADP
flr-37	248	31	both	both	DET
flr-37	248	32	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	248	33	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	248	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	249	1	presumably	presumably	ADV
flr-37	249	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	249	3	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	249	4	with	with	ADP
flr-37	249	5	a	a	DET
flr-37	249	6	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	249	7	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	249	8	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	249	9	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	249	10	might	might	AUX
flr-37	249	11	have	have	AUX
flr-37	249	12	correctly	correctly	ADV
flr-37	249	13	recognized	recognize	VERB
flr-37	249	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	249	15	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	249	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	249	17	in	in	ADP
flr-37	249	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	249	19	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	249	20	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	249	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	249	22	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	249	23	at	at	ADP
flr-37	249	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	249	25	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	249	26	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	249	27	might	might	AUX
flr-37	249	28	have	have	AUX
flr-37	249	29	believed	believe	VERB
flr-37	249	30	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	249	31	also	also	ADV
flr-37	249	32	easy	easy	ADJ
flr-37	249	33	to	to	PART
flr-37	249	34	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	249	35	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	249	36	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	249	37	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	249	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	249	39	those	those	PRON
flr-37	249	40	with	with	ADP
flr-37	249	41	comparatively	comparatively	ADV
flr-37	249	42	small	small	ADJ
flr-37	249	43	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	249	44	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	249	45	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	249	46	no	no	DET
flr-37	249	47	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	249	48	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	250	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	250	2	might	might	AUX
flr-37	250	3	have	have	AUX
flr-37	250	4	inflated	inflate	VERB
flr-37	250	5	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	250	6	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	250	7	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	250	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	250	9	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	250	10	might	might	AUX
flr-37	250	11	have	have	AUX
flr-37	250	12	reduced	reduce	VERB
flr-37	250	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	250	14	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	250	15	between	between	ADP
flr-37	250	16	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	250	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	250	18	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	250	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	250	20	within	within	ADP
flr-37	250	21	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	250	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	250	23	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	250	24	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	250	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	251	1	following	follow	VERB
flr-37	251	2	up	up	ADP
flr-37	251	3	on	on	ADP
flr-37	251	4	these	these	DET
flr-37	251	5	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
flr-37	251	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	251	7	we	we	PRON
flr-37	251	8	divided	divide	VERB
flr-37	251	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	251	10	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	251	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	251	12	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	251	13	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	251	14	into	into	ADP
flr-37	251	15	three	three	NUM
flr-37	251	16	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	251	17	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	251	18	according	accord	VERB
flr-37	251	19	to	to	ADP
flr-37	251	20	their	their	PRON
flr-37	251	21	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	251	22	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	251	23	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	251	24	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	251	25	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	251	26	with	with	ADP
flr-37	251	27	no	no	DET
flr-37	251	28	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	251	29	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	251	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	251	31	with	with	ADP
flr-37	251	32	up	up	ADP
flr-37	251	33	to	to	PART
flr-37	251	34	50	50	NUM
flr-37	251	35	%	%	NOUN
flr-37	251	36	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	251	37	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	251	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	251	39	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	251	40	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	251	41	with	with	ADP
flr-37	251	42	a	a	DET
flr-37	251	43	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	251	44	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	251	45	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	251	46	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	251	47	than	than	ADP
flr-37	251	48	50	50	NUM
flr-37	251	49	%	%	NOUN
flr-37	251	50	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	252	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	252	2	7	7	NUM
flr-37	252	3	presents	present	VERB
flr-37	252	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	252	5	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	252	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	252	7	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	252	8	within	within	ADP
flr-37	252	9	these	these	DET
flr-37	252	10	three	three	NUM
flr-37	252	11	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	252	12	as	as	ADV
flr-37	252	13	well	well	ADV
flr-37	252	14	as	as	ADP
flr-37	252	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	252	16	hit	hit	NOUN
flr-37	252	17	rates	rate	NOUN
flr-37	252	18	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	252	19	per	per	ADP
flr-37	252	20	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	252	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	253	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	253	2	7	7	NUM
flr-37	253	3	mean	mean	NOUN
flr-37	253	4	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	253	5	rates	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	6	for	for	ADP
flr-37	253	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	253	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	253	9	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	253	10	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	253	11	with	with	ADP
flr-37	253	12	no	no	PRON
flr-37	253	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	253	14	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	253	15	=	=	NOUN
flr-37	253	16	0	0	NUM
flr-37	253	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	253	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	253	19	medium	medium	NOUN
flr-37	253	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	253	21	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	253	22	≤	≤	NUM
flr-37	253	23	50	50	NUM
flr-37	253	24	%	%	NOUN
flr-37	253	25	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	253	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	253	27	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	253	28	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	253	29	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	253	30	fa	fa	INTJ
flr-37	253	31	>	>	X
flr-37	253	32	50	50	NUM
flr-37	253	33	%	%	NOUN
flr-37	253	34	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	253	35	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	253	36	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	253	37	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	38	in	in	ADP
flr-37	253	39	the	the	DET
flr-37	253	40	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	253	41	task	task	PROPN
flr-37	253	42	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	253	43	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	253	44	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	45	no	no	DET
flr-37	253	46	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	253	47	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	253	48	medium	medium	ADJ
flr-37	253	49	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	253	50	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	253	51	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	52	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	253	53	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	253	54	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	253	55	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	56	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	253	57	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	58	n	n	PRON
flr-37	253	59	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	253	60	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	61	n	n	PRON
flr-37	253	62	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	253	63	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	64	n	n	PRON
flr-37	253	65	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	253	66	2	2	NUM
flr-37	253	67	.81	.81	NUM
flr-37	253	68	41	41	NUM
flr-37	253	69	.52	.52	NUM
flr-37	253	70	61	61	NUM
flr-37	253	71	.85	.85	NUM
flr-37	253	72	44	44	NUM
flr-37	253	73	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	253	74	3	3	NUM
flr-37	253	75	.88	.88	NUM
flr-37	253	76	44	44	NUM
flr-37	253	77	.73	.73	NUM
flr-37	253	78	60	60	NUM
flr-37	253	79	.84	.84	NUM
flr-37	253	80	41	41	NUM
flr-37	253	81	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	253	82	can	can	AUX
flr-37	253	83	be	be	AUX
flr-37	253	84	seen	see	VERB
flr-37	253	85	from	from	ADP
flr-37	253	86	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	253	87	7	7	NUM
flr-37	253	88	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	253	89	for	for	ADP
flr-37	253	90	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	253	91	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	253	92	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	253	93	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	253	94	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	253	95	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	96	was	be	AUX
flr-37	253	97	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	253	98	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	253	99	either	either	CCONJ
flr-37	253	100	the	the	DET
flr-37	253	101	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	253	102	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	253	103	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	104	was	be	AUX
flr-37	253	105	low	low	ADJ
flr-37	253	106	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	253	107	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	253	108	the	the	DET
flr-37	253	109	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	253	110	alarm	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	253	111	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	253	112	was	be	AUX
flr-37	253	113	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	253	114	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	253	115	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	253	116	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	253	117	some	some	DET
flr-37	253	118	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	253	119	marked	mark	VERB
flr-37	253	120	only	only	ADV
flr-37	253	121	the	the	DET
flr-37	253	122	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	253	123	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	253	124	while	while	SCONJ
flr-37	253	125	others	other	NOUN
flr-37	253	126	marked	mark	VERB
flr-37	253	127	the	the	DET
flr-37	253	128	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	253	129	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	253	130	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	253	131	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	253	132	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	253	133	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	253	134	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	254	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	254	2	might	might	AUX
flr-37	254	3	have	have	AUX
flr-37	254	4	caused	cause	VERB
flr-37	254	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	254	6	overall	overall	ADJ
flr-37	254	7	low	low	ADJ
flr-37	254	8	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	254	9	between	between	ADP
flr-37	254	10	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	254	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	254	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	254	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	254	14	within	within	ADP
flr-37	254	15	these	these	DET
flr-37	254	16	two	two	NUM
flr-37	254	17	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	254	18	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	254	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	255	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	255	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	255	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	255	4	re	re	VERB
flr-37	255	5	-	-	VERB
flr-37	255	6	analyzed	analyze	VERB
flr-37	255	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	255	8	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	255	9	between	between	ADP
flr-37	255	10	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	255	11	rates	rate	NOUN
flr-37	255	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	255	13	d	d	NOUN
flr-37	255	14	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	255	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	255	16	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	255	17	abilities	ability	NOUN
flr-37	255	18	separately	separately	ADV
flr-37	255	19	for	for	ADP
flr-37	255	20	these	these	DET
flr-37	255	21	three	three	NUM
flr-37	255	22	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	255	23	within	within	ADP
flr-37	255	24	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	255	25	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	255	26	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	255	27	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	255	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	256	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	256	2	8	8	NUM
flr-37	256	3	presents	present	VERB
flr-37	256	4	these	these	DET
flr-37	256	5	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	256	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	257	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	257	2	both	both	DET
flr-37	257	3	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	257	4	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	257	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	257	6	only	only	ADV
flr-37	257	7	those	those	DET
flr-37	257	8	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	257	9	who	who	PRON
flr-37	257	10	produced	produce	VERB
flr-37	257	11	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	257	12	hit	hit	NOUN
flr-37	257	13	rates	rate	NOUN
flr-37	257	14	without	without	ADP
flr-37	257	15	incorrectly	incorrectly	ADV
flr-37	257	16	marking	mark	VERB
flr-37	257	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	257	18	filler	filler	NOUN
flr-37	257	19	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	257	20	also	also	ADV
flr-37	257	21	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	257	22	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	257	23	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	257	24	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	257	25	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	257	26	13	13	NUM
flr-37	258	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	258	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	258	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	258	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	258	5	showed	show	VERB
flr-37	258	6	substantial	substantial	ADJ
flr-37	258	7	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	258	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	259	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	259	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	259	3	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	259	4	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	259	5	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	259	6	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	259	7	differed	differ	VERB
flr-37	259	8	qualitatively	qualitatively	ADV
flr-37	259	9	with	with	ADP
flr-37	259	10	regard	regard	NOUN
flr-37	259	11	to	to	ADP
flr-37	259	12	these	these	DET
flr-37	259	13	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	259	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	260	1	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	260	2	8	8	NUM
flr-37	260	3	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	260	4	between	between	ADP
flr-37	260	5	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	260	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	260	7	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	260	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	260	9	for	for	ADP
flr-37	260	10	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	260	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	260	12	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	260	13	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	260	14	with	with	ADP
flr-37	260	15	no	no	PRON
flr-37	260	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	260	17	medium	medium	ADJ
flr-37	260	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	260	19	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	260	20	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	260	21	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	260	22	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	260	23	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	260	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	261	1	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	261	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	261	3	is	be	AUX
flr-37	261	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
flr-37	261	5	by	by	ADP
flr-37	261	6	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	261	7	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	261	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	261	9	seconds	second	NOUN
flr-37	261	10	for	for	ADP
flr-37	261	11	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	261	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	261	13	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	261	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	261	15	as	as	ADV
flr-37	261	16	well	well	ADV
flr-37	261	17	as	as	ADP
flr-37	261	18	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	261	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	262	1	hit	hit	VERB
flr-37	262	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	262	3	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	262	4	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	262	5	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	262	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	262	7	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	262	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	262	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
flr-37	262	10	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	262	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	262	12	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	262	13	2	2	NUM
flr-37	262	14	no	no	DET
flr-37	262	15	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	262	16	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	262	17	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	262	18	n	n	NOUN
flr-37	262	19	=	=	SYM
flr-37	262	20	41	41	NUM
flr-37	262	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	262	22	medium	medium	ADJ
flr-37	262	23	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	262	24	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	262	25	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	262	26	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	262	27	n	n	NOUN
flr-37	262	28	=	=	SYM
flr-37	262	29	61	61	NUM
flr-37	262	30	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	262	31	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	262	32	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	262	33	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	262	34	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	262	35	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	262	36	n	n	NOUN
flr-37	262	37	=	=	SYM
flr-37	262	38	44	44	NUM
flr-37	262	39	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	262	40	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	262	41	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	262	42	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	262	43	fa	fa	PROPN
flr-37	262	44	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	262	45	fa	fa	PROPN
flr-37	262	46	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	262	47	-.50	-.50	PUNCT
flr-37	263	1	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	263	2	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	263	3	--.11	--.11	PUNCT
flr-37	263	4	.07	.07	NUM
flr-37	263	5	-.01	-.01	PROPN
flr-37	263	6	-.01	-.01	PROPN
flr-37	263	7	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	263	8	-.39	-.39	PUNCT
flr-37	264	1	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	264	2	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	264	3	--.11	--.11	PUNCT
flr-37	264	4	-.10	-.10	SYM
flr-37	264	5	.02	.02	NUM
flr-37	264	6	-.04	-.04	NUM
flr-37	264	7	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	264	8	.03	.03	NUM
flr-37	264	9	--.11	--.11	NUM
flr-37	264	10	-.15	-.15	NUM
flr-37	264	11	.04	.04	NUM
flr-37	264	12	.04	.04	NUM
flr-37	264	13	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	264	14	3	3	NUM
flr-37	264	15	no	no	DET
flr-37	264	16	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	264	17	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	264	18	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	264	19	n	n	NOUN
flr-37	264	20	=	=	SYM
flr-37	264	21	44	44	NUM
flr-37	264	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	264	23	medium	medium	ADJ
flr-37	264	24	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	264	25	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	264	26	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	264	27	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	264	28	n	n	NOUN
flr-37	264	29	=	=	SYM
flr-37	264	30	60	60	NUM
flr-37	264	31	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	264	32	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	264	33	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	264	34	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	264	35	rate	rate	NOUN
flr-37	264	36	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	264	37	n	n	NOUN
flr-37	264	38	=	=	SYM
flr-37	264	39	41	41	NUM
flr-37	264	40	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	264	41	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	264	42	fa	fa	NOUN
flr-37	264	43	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	264	44	fa	fa	PROPN
flr-37	264	45	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	264	46	fa	fa	PROPN
flr-37	264	47	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	264	48	-.25	-.25	PROPN
flr-37	264	49	-	-	SYM
flr-37	264	50	.04	.04	NUM
flr-37	264	51	.12	.12	NUM
flr-37	264	52	.04	.04	NUM
flr-37	264	53	-.22	-.22	SYM
flr-37	264	54	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	264	55	-.01	-.01	PROPN
flr-37	264	56	-.07	-.07	PROPN
flr-37	264	57	.08	.08	NUM
flr-37	264	58	-.04	-.04	NUM
flr-37	264	59	-.18	-.18	PUNCT
flr-37	264	60	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	264	61	.31	.31	NUM
flr-37	264	62	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	264	63	-.05	-.05	NUM
flr-37	264	64	-.03	-.03	PUNCT
flr-37	264	65	-.02	-.02	X
flr-37	264	66	-.04	-.04	PUNCT
flr-37	264	67	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	264	68	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	264	69	p	p	X
flr-37	264	70	<	<	X
flr-37	264	71	.01	.01	NUM
flr-37	264	72	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	264	73	*	*	PUNCT
flr-37	265	1	p	p	X
flr-37	265	2	<	<	X
flr-37	265	3	.05	.05	NUM
flr-37	265	4	once	once	ADV
flr-37	265	5	again	again	ADV
flr-37	265	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	265	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	265	8	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	265	9	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	265	10	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	265	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	265	12	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	265	13	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	265	14	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	265	15	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	265	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	265	17	discriminate	discriminate	VERB
flr-37	265	18	between	between	ADP
flr-37	265	19	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	265	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	265	21	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	265	22	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	265	23	in	in	ADP
flr-37	265	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	265	25	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	265	26	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	265	27	is	be	AUX
flr-37	265	28	mainly	mainly	ADV
flr-37	265	29	related	relate	VERB
flr-37	265	30	to	to	ADP
flr-37	265	31	their	their	PRON
flr-37	265	32	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	265	33	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	265	34	skills	skill	NOUN
flr-37	265	35	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	265	36	than	than	ADP
flr-37	265	37	to	to	ADP
flr-37	265	38	their	their	PRON
flr-37	265	39	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	265	40	to	to	PART
flr-37	265	41	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	265	42	on	on	ADP
flr-37	265	43	efficient	efficient	ADJ
flr-37	265	44	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	265	45	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	265	46	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	265	47	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	265	48	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	265	49	the	the	DET
flr-37	265	50	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	265	51	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	265	52	based	base	VERB
flr-37	265	53	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	265	54	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	265	55	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	265	56	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	266	1	by	by	ADP
flr-37	266	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	266	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	266	4	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	266	5	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	266	6	with	with	ADP
flr-37	266	7	high	high	ADJ
flr-37	266	8	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
flr-37	266	9	abilities	ability	NOUN
flr-37	266	10	seem	seem	VERB
flr-37	266	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	266	12	already	already	ADV
flr-37	266	13	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	266	14	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	266	15	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	266	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	266	17	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	266	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	266	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	266	20	starting	start	VERB
flr-37	266	21	to	to	PART
flr-37	266	22	form	form	VERB
flr-37	266	23	an	an	DET
flr-37	266	24	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	266	25	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	266	26	of	of	ADP
flr-37	266	27	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	266	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	267	1	they	they	PRON
flr-37	267	2	use	use	VERB
flr-37	267	3	this	this	DET
flr-37	267	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	267	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	267	6	on	on	ADP
flr-37	267	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	267	8	one	one	NUM
flr-37	267	9	hand	hand	NOUN
flr-37	267	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	267	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	267	12	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	267	13	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	267	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	267	15	in	in	ADP
flr-37	267	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	267	17	context	context	NOUN
flr-37	267	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	267	19	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	267	20	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	267	21	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	267	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	267	23	on	on	ADP
flr-37	267	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	267	25	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	267	26	hand	hand	NOUN
flr-37	267	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	267	28	to	to	PART
flr-37	267	29	increase	increase	VERB
flr-37	267	30	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
flr-37	267	31	in	in	ADP
flr-37	267	32	solving	solve	VERB
flr-37	267	33	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	267	34	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	267	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	268	1	4	4	X
flr-37	268	2	.	.	X
flr-37	268	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
flr-37	268	4	with	with	ADP
flr-37	268	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	268	6	current	current	ADJ
flr-37	268	7	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	268	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	268	9	aimed	aim	VERB
flr-37	268	10	at	at	ADP
flr-37	268	11	presenting	present	VERB
flr-37	268	12	an	an	DET
flr-37	268	13	approach	approach	NOUN
flr-37	268	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	268	15	unobtrusively	unobtrusively	ADV
flr-37	268	16	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	268	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	268	18	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	268	19	usage	usage	NOUN
flr-37	268	20	of	of	ADP
flr-37	268	21	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	268	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	268	23	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	268	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	268	25	of	of	ADP
flr-37	268	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	268	27	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	268	28	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	268	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	269	1	apart	apart	ADV
flr-37	269	2	from	from	ADP
flr-37	269	3	providing	provide	VERB
flr-37	269	4	a	a	DET
flr-37	269	5	basis	basis	NOUN
flr-37	269	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	269	7	develop	develop	VERB
flr-37	269	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	269	9	method	method	NOUN
flr-37	269	10	further	far	ADV
flr-37	269	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	269	12	see	see	VERB
flr-37	269	13	below	below	ADV
flr-37	269	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	269	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	269	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	269	17	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	269	18	goal	goal	NOUN
flr-37	269	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	269	20	our	our	PRON
flr-37	269	21	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	269	22	was	be	AUX
flr-37	269	23	to	to	PART
flr-37	269	24	investigate	investigate	VERB
flr-37	269	25	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	269	26	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	269	27	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	269	28	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	269	29	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	270	1	14	14	NUM
flr-37	271	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	271	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	271	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	271	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	271	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	271	6	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	271	7	between	between	ADP
flr-37	271	8	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	271	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	271	10	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	271	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	271	12	about	about	ADP
flr-37	271	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	271	14	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	271	15	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	271	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	271	17	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	271	18	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	271	19	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	271	20	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	271	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	272	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	272	2	this	this	PRON
flr-37	272	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	272	4	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	272	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	272	6	1	1	NUM
flr-37	272	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	272	8	at	at	ADP
flr-37	272	9	which	which	DET
flr-37	272	10	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	272	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	272	12	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	272	13	forms	form	NOUN
flr-37	272	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	272	15	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	272	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	272	17	can	can	AUX
flr-37	272	18	be	be	AUX
flr-37	272	19	detected	detect	VERB
flr-37	272	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	272	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	272	22	2	2	NUM
flr-37	272	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	272	24	at	at	ADP
flr-37	272	25	which	which	DET
flr-37	272	26	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	272	27	they	they	PRON
flr-37	272	28	start	start	VERB
flr-37	272	29	to	to	PART
flr-37	272	30	correlate	correlate	VERB
flr-37	272	31	with	with	ADP
flr-37	272	32	one	one	NUM
flr-37	272	33	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	272	34	another	another	DET
flr-37	272	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	273	1	overall	overall	ADV
flr-37	273	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	273	3	our	our	PRON
flr-37	273	4	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	273	5	yielded	yield	VERB
flr-37	273	6	three	three	NUM
flr-37	273	7	main	main	ADJ
flr-37	273	8	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	273	9	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	273	10	first	first	ADV
flr-37	273	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	273	12	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	273	13	expected	expect	VERB
flr-37	273	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	273	15	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	273	16	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	273	17	showed	show	VERB
flr-37	273	18	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	273	19	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	273	20	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	273	21	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
flr-37	273	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	273	23	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	273	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	273	25	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	273	26	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	273	27	more	more	ADV
flr-37	273	28	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	273	29	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	273	30	about	about	ADP
flr-37	273	31	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	273	32	than	than	ADP
flr-37	273	33	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	273	34	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	273	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	274	1	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	274	3	a	a	DET
flr-37	274	4	solution	solution	NOUN
flr-37	274	5	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	274	6	benefit	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	274	7	based	base	VERB
flr-37	274	8	on	on	ADP
flr-37	274	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	274	10	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	274	11	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	274	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	274	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	274	14	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	274	15	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	274	16	was	be	AUX
flr-37	274	17	only	only	ADV
flr-37	274	18	found	find	VERB
flr-37	274	19	for	for	ADP
flr-37	274	20	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	274	21	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	274	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	275	1	they	they	PRON
flr-37	275	2	calculated	calculate	VERB
flr-37	275	3	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	275	4	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	275	5	faster	fast	ADV
flr-37	275	6	than	than	ADP
flr-37	275	7	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	275	8	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	275	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	276	1	neither	neither	PRON
flr-37	276	2	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	276	3	times	time	NOUN
flr-37	276	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	276	5	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	276	6	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	276	7	nor	nor	CCONJ
flr-37	276	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	276	9	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	276	10	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	276	11	reflected	reflect	VERB
flr-37	276	12	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	276	13	profit	profit	NOUN
flr-37	276	14	from	from	ADP
flr-37	276	15	interspersed	intersperse	VERB
flr-37	276	16	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	276	17	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	276	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	277	1	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	277	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	277	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	277	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	277	5	between	between	ADP
flr-37	277	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	277	7	a	a	X
flr-37	277	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	277	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	277	10	benefit	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	277	11	resulting	result	VERB
flr-37	277	12	from	from	ADP
flr-37	277	13	a	a	DET
flr-37	277	14	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	277	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	277	16	based	base	VERB
flr-37	277	17	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	277	18	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	277	19	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	277	20	b	b	NOUN
flr-37	277	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	277	22	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	277	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	277	24	of	of	ADP
flr-37	277	25	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	277	26	was	be	AUX
flr-37	277	27	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	277	28	weak	weak	ADJ
flr-37	277	29	in	in	ADP
flr-37	277	30	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	277	31	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	277	32	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	277	33	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	277	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	278	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	278	2	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	278	3	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	278	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	278	5	arise	arise	VERB
flr-37	278	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	278	7	some	some	PRON
flr-37	278	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	278	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	278	10	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	278	11	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	278	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	279	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	279	2	link	link	NOUN
flr-37	279	3	was	be	AUX
flr-37	279	4	also	also	ADV
flr-37	279	5	present	present	ADJ
flr-37	279	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	279	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	279	8	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	279	9	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	279	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	279	11	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	279	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	279	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	280	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	280	2	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	280	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	280	4	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	280	5	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	280	6	merit	merit	NOUN
flr-37	280	7	some	some	DET
flr-37	280	8	further	further	ADJ
flr-37	280	9	discussion	discussion	NOUN
flr-37	280	10	before	before	SCONJ
flr-37	280	11	we	we	PRON
flr-37	280	12	come	come	VERB
flr-37	280	13	to	to	ADP
flr-37	280	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	280	15	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
flr-37	280	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	280	17	practical	practical	ADJ
flr-37	280	18	implications	implication	NOUN
flr-37	280	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	281	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	281	2	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	281	3	finding	finding	NOUN
flr-37	281	4	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	281	5	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	281	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	281	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	281	8	only	only	ADJ
flr-37	281	9	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	281	10	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	281	11	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	281	12	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	281	13	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	281	14	reflected	reflect	VERB
flr-37	281	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	281	16	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
flr-37	281	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	281	18	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	281	19	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
flr-37	281	20	that	that	PRON
flr-37	281	21	of	of	ADP
flr-37	281	22	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	281	23	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	281	24	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	281	25	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	281	26	did	do	AUX
flr-37	281	27	not	not	PART
flr-37	281	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	281	29	was	be	AUX
flr-37	281	30	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
flr-37	281	31	surprising	surprising	ADJ
flr-37	281	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	282	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
flr-37	282	2	however	however	ADV
flr-37	282	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	282	4	gaschler	gaschler	NOUN
flr-37	282	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	282	6	vaterrodt	vaterrodt	ADJ
flr-37	282	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	282	8	frensch	frensch	ADJ
flr-37	282	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	282	10	eichler	eichler	NOUN
flr-37	282	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	282	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	282	13	haider	haider	NOUN
flr-37	282	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	282	15	2013	2013	NUM
flr-37	282	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	282	17	found	find	VERB
flr-37	282	18	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	282	19	patterns	pattern	NOUN
flr-37	282	20	of	of	ADP
flr-37	282	21	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	282	22	with	with	ADP
flr-37	282	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	282	24	identical	identical	ADJ
flr-37	282	25	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	282	26	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	282	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	283	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	283	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	283	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	283	4	assume	assume	VERB
flr-37	283	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	283	6	this	this	DET
flr-37	283	7	finding	finding	NOUN
flr-37	283	8	is	be	AUX
flr-37	283	9	not	not	PART
flr-37	283	10	due	due	ADJ
flr-37	283	11	to	to	ADP
flr-37	283	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	283	13	sample	sample	NOUN
flr-37	283	14	artefact	artefact	NOUN
flr-37	283	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	284	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
flr-37	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	284	4	does	do	AUX
flr-37	284	5	not	not	PART
flr-37	284	6	fit	fit	VERB
flr-37	284	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	284	8	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	284	9	claim	claim	NOUN
flr-37	284	10	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	284	11	with	with	ADP
flr-37	284	12	experience	experience	NOUN
flr-37	284	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	14	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	284	15	become	become	VERB
flr-37	284	16	faster	fast	ADJ
flr-37	284	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	284	18	more	more	ADV
flr-37	284	19	accurate	accurate	ADJ
flr-37	284	20	at	at	ADP
flr-37	284	21	solving	solve	VERB
flr-37	284	22	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	284	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	284	24	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	284	25	also	also	ADV
flr-37	284	26	tend	tend	VERB
flr-37	284	27	to	to	PART
flr-37	284	28	use	use	VERB
flr-37	284	29	more	more	ADV
flr-37	284	30	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
flr-37	284	31	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	284	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	33	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	284	34	as	as	ADP
flr-37	284	35	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	284	36	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	284	37	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ
flr-37	284	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	39	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN
flr-37	284	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	41	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	284	42	retrieval	retrieval	NOUN
flr-37	284	43	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	284	44	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	284	45	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	284	46	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	284	47	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	284	48	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	284	49	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	50	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	284	51	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	52	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	284	53	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	284	54	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	284	55	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	284	56	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	57	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	284	58	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	59	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	284	60	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	61	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	284	62	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	63	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	284	64	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	65	brown	brown	PROPN
flr-37	284	66	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	284	67	samaranayake	samaranayake	NOUN
flr-37	284	68	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	69	1991	1991	NUM
flr-37	284	70	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	71	goldman	goldman	PROPN
flr-37	284	72	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	73	mertz	mertz	PROPN
flr-37	284	74	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	284	75	pellegrino	pellegrino	PROPN
flr-37	284	76	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	77	1989	1989	NUM
flr-37	284	78	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	79	resnick	resnick	PROPN
flr-37	284	80	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	81	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	284	82	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	83	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	284	84	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	284	85	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	284	86	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	284	87	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	284	88	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	89	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	284	90	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	91	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	284	92	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	93	1987	1987	NUM
flr-37	284	94	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	95	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	284	96	see	see	VERB
flr-37	284	97	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	98	mcneil	mcneil	PROPN
flr-37	284	99	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	100	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	284	101	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	102	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	284	103	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	284	104	dubé	dubé	NOUN
flr-37	284	105	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	106	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	284	107	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	108	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	284	109	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	284	110	ninowski	ninowski	PROPN
flr-37	284	111	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	112	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	284	113	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	284	114	torbeyns	torbeyn	VERB
flr-37	284	115	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	284	116	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	284	117	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	284	118	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	284	119	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	284	120	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	284	121	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	285	1	it	it	PRON
flr-37	285	2	also	also	ADV
flr-37	285	3	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	285	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	285	5	contradict	contradict	VERB
flr-37	285	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	285	7	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	285	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	285	9	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	285	10	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	285	11	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	285	12	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	286	1	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	286	2	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	286	3	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	286	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	286	5	which	which	PRON
flr-37	286	6	show	show	VERB
flr-37	286	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	286	8	approximately	approximately	ADV
flr-37	286	9	80	80	NUM
flr-37	286	10	%	%	NOUN
flr-37	286	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	286	12	their	their	PRON
flr-37	286	13	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	286	14	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	286	15	applied	apply	VERB
flr-37	286	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	286	17	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	286	18	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	286	19	based	base	VERB
flr-37	286	20	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	286	21	to	to	PART
flr-37	286	22	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	286	23	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	286	24	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	286	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	286	26	see	see	VERB
flr-37	286	27	also	also	ADV
flr-37	286	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	286	29	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	286	30	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	286	31	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	286	32	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	286	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	286	34	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	286	35	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	286	36	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	287	1	one	one	NUM
flr-37	287	2	obvious	obvious	ADJ
flr-37	287	3	reason	reason	NOUN
flr-37	287	4	for	for	ADP
flr-37	287	5	these	these	DET
flr-37	287	6	divergent	divergent	ADJ
flr-37	287	7	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	287	8	might	might	AUX
flr-37	287	9	be	be	AUX
flr-37	287	10	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	287	11	we	we	PRON
flr-37	287	12	used	use	VERB
flr-37	287	13	three	three	NUM
flr-37	287	14	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	287	15	element	element	NOUN
flr-37	287	16	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	287	17	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	287	18	which	which	PRON
flr-37	287	19	probably	probably	ADV
flr-37	287	20	were	be	AUX
flr-37	287	21	hard	hard	ADJ
flr-37	287	22	for	for	ADP
flr-37	287	23	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	287	24	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	287	25	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	287	26	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	287	27	due	due	ADP
flr-37	287	28	to	to	ADP
flr-37	287	29	the	the	DET
flr-37	287	30	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	287	31	small	small	ADJ
flr-37	287	32	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	287	33	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	287	34	easy	easy	ADJ
flr-37	287	35	for	for	ADP
flr-37	287	36	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	287	37	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	287	38	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	287	39	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	287	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	288	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	288	2	may	may	AUX
flr-37	288	3	have	have	AUX
flr-37	288	4	caused	cause	VERB
flr-37	288	5	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	288	6	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	288	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	288	8	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	288	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	288	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	288	11	more	more	ADV
flr-37	288	12	efficient	efficient	ADJ
flr-37	288	13	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	288	14	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	288	15	based	base	VERB
flr-37	288	16	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	288	17	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	288	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	288	19	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
flr-37	288	20	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	288	21	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	288	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	288	23	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	288	24	were	be	AUX
flr-37	288	25	fast	fast	ADJ
flr-37	288	26	in	in	ADP
flr-37	288	27	solving	solve	VERB
flr-37	288	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	288	29	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	288	30	anyway	anyway	ADV
flr-37	288	31	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	288	32	so	so	SCONJ
flr-37	288	33	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	288	34	they	they	PRON
flr-37	288	35	did	do	AUX
flr-37	288	36	not	not	PART
flr-37	288	37	consider	consider	VERB
flr-37	288	38	any	any	DET
flr-37	288	39	gain	gain	NOUN
flr-37	288	40	through	through	ADP
flr-37	288	41	using	use	VERB
flr-37	288	42	the	the	DET
flr-37	288	43	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	288	44	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	288	45	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	289	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	289	2	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	289	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	289	4	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	289	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	289	6	araya	araya	PROPN
flr-37	289	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	289	8	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	289	9	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	289	10	mentioned	mention	VERB
flr-37	289	11	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	289	12	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	289	13	are	be	AUX
flr-37	289	14	more	more	ADV
flr-37	289	15	likely	likely	ADJ
flr-37	289	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	289	17	adopt	adopt	VERB
flr-37	289	18	solution	solution	NOUN
flr-37	289	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	289	20	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	289	21	they	they	PRON
flr-37	289	22	contribute	contribute	VERB
flr-37	289	23	to	to	ADP
flr-37	289	24	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	289	25	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	289	26	advantages	advantage	NOUN
flr-37	289	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	290	1	this	this	DET
flr-37	290	2	argument	argument	NOUN
flr-37	290	3	is	be	AUX
flr-37	290	4	further	far	ADV
flr-37	290	5	supported	support	VERB
flr-37	290	6	by	by	ADP
flr-37	290	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	290	8	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	290	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	290	10	gaschler	gaschler	NOUN
flr-37	290	11	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	290	12	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	290	13	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	291	1	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	291	2	2013	2013	NUM
flr-37	291	3	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	291	4	who	who	PRON
flr-37	291	5	found	find	VERB
flr-37	291	6	larger	large	ADJ
flr-37	291	7	benefits	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	291	8	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	291	9	presenting	present	VERB
flr-37	291	10	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	291	11	with	with	ADP
flr-37	291	12	large	large	ADJ
flr-37	291	13	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	291	14	than	than	ADP
flr-37	291	15	with	with	ADP
flr-37	291	16	small	small	ADJ
flr-37	291	17	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	291	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	292	1	a	a	DET
flr-37	292	2	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	292	3	reason	reason	NOUN
flr-37	292	4	might	might	AUX
flr-37	292	5	be	be	AUX
flr-37	292	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	292	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	292	8	former	former	ADJ
flr-37	292	9	studies	study	NOUN
flr-37	292	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	292	11	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	292	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	292	13	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	292	14	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	292	15	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	292	16	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	292	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	292	18	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	292	19	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	292	20	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	292	21	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	292	22	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	292	23	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	292	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	292	25	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	292	26	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	292	27	farrington	farrington	PROPN
flr-37	292	28	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	292	29	flint	flint	NOUN
flr-37	292	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	292	31	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	292	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	292	33	wood	wood	NOUN
flr-37	292	34	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	292	35	faulkner	faulkner	NOUN
flr-37	292	36	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	292	37	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	292	38	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	292	39	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	292	40	were	be	AUX
flr-37	292	41	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	292	42	to	to	PART
flr-37	292	43	explain	explain	VERB
flr-37	292	44	their	their	PRON
flr-37	292	45	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	292	46	immediately	immediately	ADV
flr-37	292	47	after	after	ADP
flr-37	292	48	responding	respond	VERB
flr-37	292	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	293	1	by	by	ADP
flr-37	293	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
flr-37	293	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	293	4	our	our	PRON
flr-37	293	5	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	293	6	received	receive	VERB
flr-37	293	7	no	no	DET
flr-37	293	8	hint	hint	NOUN
flr-37	293	9	about	about	ADP
flr-37	293	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	293	11	existence	existence	NOUN
flr-37	293	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	293	13	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	293	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	293	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	294	1	while	while	SCONJ
flr-37	294	2	in	in	ADP
flr-37	294	3	our	our	PRON
flr-37	294	4	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	294	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	294	6	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	294	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	294	8	any	any	DET
flr-37	294	9	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	294	10	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	294	11	was	be	AUX
flr-37	294	12	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	294	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	294	14	it	it	PRON
flr-37	294	15	is	be	AUX
flr-37	294	16	possible	possible	ADJ
flr-37	294	17	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	294	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	294	19	explanation	explanation	NOUN
flr-37	294	20	required	require	VERB
flr-37	294	21	in	in	ADP
flr-37	294	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	294	23	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	294	24	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	294	25	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	294	26	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	294	27	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	294	28	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	294	29	might	might	AUX
flr-37	294	30	have	have	AUX
flr-37	294	31	triggered	trigger	VERB
flr-37	294	32	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	294	33	to	to	PART
flr-37	294	34	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	294	35	the	the	DET
flr-37	294	36	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	294	37	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	294	38	based	base	VERB
flr-37	294	39	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	294	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	295	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	295	2	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	295	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	295	4	torbeyns	torbeyn	VERB
flr-37	295	5	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	295	6	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	295	7	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	296	1	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	296	2	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	296	3	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	296	4	found	find	VERB
flr-37	296	5	less	less	ADJ
flr-37	296	6	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	296	7	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	296	8	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	296	9	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	296	10	could	could	AUX
flr-37	296	11	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	296	12	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	296	13	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	296	14	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	296	15	during	during	ADP
flr-37	296	16	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	296	17	than	than	ADP
flr-37	296	18	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	296	19	they	they	PRON
flr-37	296	20	were	be	AUX
flr-37	296	21	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	296	22	to	to	PART
flr-37	296	23	do	do	VERB
flr-37	296	24	so	so	ADV
flr-37	296	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	297	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	297	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	297	3	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	297	4	vein	vein	NOUN
flr-37	297	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	297	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	297	7	yet	yet	ADV
flr-37	297	8	unpublished	unpublished	ADJ
flr-37	297	9	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	297	10	from	from	ADP
flr-37	297	11	our	our	PRON
flr-37	297	12	labs	lab	NOUN
flr-37	297	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
flr-37	297	14	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	297	15	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	297	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	297	17	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	297	18	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	297	19	as	as	ADV
flr-37	297	20	well	well	ADV
flr-37	297	21	as	as	ADP
flr-37	297	22	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	297	23	substantially	substantially	ADV
flr-37	297	24	benefitted	benefit	VERB
flr-37	297	25	from	from	ADP
flr-37	297	26	instruction	instruction	NOUN
flr-37	297	27	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	297	28	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	297	29	to	to	ADP
flr-37	297	30	a	a	DET
flr-37	297	31	non	non	ADJ
flr-37	297	32	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	297	33	instructed	instructed	ADJ
flr-37	297	34	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	297	35	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	297	36	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	298	1	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	298	2	reminded	remind	VERB
flr-37	298	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	298	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	298	5	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	298	6	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	298	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	298	8	alerted	alert	VERB
flr-37	298	9	to	to	ADP
flr-37	298	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	298	11	fact	fact	NOUN
flr-37	298	12	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	298	13	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	298	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	298	15	might	might	AUX
flr-37	298	16	occur	occur	VERB
flr-37	298	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	298	18	showed	show	VERB
flr-37	298	19	a	a	DET
flr-37	298	20	larger	large	ADJ
flr-37	298	21	solution	solution	NOUN
flr-37	298	22	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	298	23	advantage	advantage	NOUN
flr-37	298	24	on	on	ADP
flr-37	298	25	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	298	26	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	298	27	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	298	28	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	298	29	to	to	ADP
flr-37	298	30	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	298	31	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	298	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	299	1	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	299	2	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	299	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	299	4	all	all	DET
flr-37	299	5	three	three	NUM
flr-37	299	6	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	299	7	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	299	8	relied	rely	VERB
flr-37	299	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	299	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	299	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	299	12	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	299	13	after	after	ADP
flr-37	299	14	being	be	AUX
flr-37	299	15	instructed	instruct	VERB
flr-37	299	16	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
flr-37	299	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	299	18	it	it	PRON
flr-37	299	19	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	299	20	justified	justified	ADJ
flr-37	299	21	to	to	PART
flr-37	299	22	conclude	conclude	VERB
flr-37	299	23	that	that	PRON
flr-37	299	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	299	25	with	with	ADP
flr-37	299	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	299	27	exception	exception	NOUN
flr-37	299	28	of	of	ADP
flr-37	299	29	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	299	30	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	299	31	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	299	32	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	299	33	in	in	ADP
flr-37	299	34	our	our	PRON
flr-37	299	35	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	299	36	indeed	indeed	ADV
flr-37	299	37	did	do	AUX
flr-37	299	38	not	not	PART
flr-37	299	39	profit	profit	VERB
flr-37	299	40	much	much	ADV
flr-37	299	41	from	from	ADP
flr-37	299	42	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	299	43	applying	apply	VERB
flr-37	299	44	the	the	DET
flr-37	299	45	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	299	46	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	299	47	based	base	VERB
flr-37	299	48	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	299	49	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	299	50	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	300	1	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	300	2	our	our	PRON
flr-37	300	3	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	300	4	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	300	5	question	question	NOUN
flr-37	300	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	300	7	we	we	PRON
flr-37	300	8	found	find	VERB
flr-37	300	9	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	300	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	300	11	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	300	12	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	300	13	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	300	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	300	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	300	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	300	17	was	be	AUX
flr-37	300	18	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ
flr-37	300	19	to	to	ADP
flr-37	300	20	their	their	PRON
flr-37	300	21	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	300	22	of	of	ADP
flr-37	300	23	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	300	24	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	300	25	based	base	VERB
flr-37	300	26	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	300	27	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	300	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	301	1	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	301	2	signs	sign	NOUN
flr-37	301	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	301	4	an	an	DET
flr-37	301	5	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	301	6	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	301	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	301	8	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	301	9	by	by	ADP
flr-37	301	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	301	11	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	301	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	301	13	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	301	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	301	15	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	301	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	301	17	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	301	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	301	19	occurred	occur	VERB
flr-37	301	20	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	301	21	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	301	22	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	301	23	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	301	24	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	301	25	15	15	NUM
flr-37	302	1	|	|	NOUN
flr-37	302	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	302	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	302	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	302	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	302	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	302	7	small	small	ADJ
flr-37	302	8	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	302	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	302	10	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	302	11	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	302	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	302	13	were	be	AUX
flr-37	302	14	substantial	substantial	ADJ
flr-37	302	15	only	only	ADV
flr-37	302	16	for	for	ADP
flr-37	302	17	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	302	18	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	302	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	303	1	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	303	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	303	4	integration	integration	NOUN
flr-37	303	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	303	6	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	303	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	303	8	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	303	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	303	10	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	303	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	303	12	increase	increase	VERB
flr-37	303	13	with	with	ADP
flr-37	303	14	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	303	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	304	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	304	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	304	4	also	also	ADV
flr-37	304	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	304	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	304	7	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	304	8	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	304	9	may	may	AUX
flr-37	304	10	have	have	AUX
flr-37	304	11	used	use	VERB
flr-37	304	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	304	13	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	304	14	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	304	15	without	without	ADP
flr-37	304	16	entirely	entirely	ADV
flr-37	304	17	understanding	understand	VERB
flr-37	304	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	304	19	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	304	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	304	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	305	1	this	this	DET
flr-37	305	2	finding	finding	NOUN
flr-37	305	3	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	305	4	at	at	ADP
flr-37	305	5	odds	odd	NOUN
flr-37	305	6	with	with	ADP
flr-37	305	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	305	8	early	early	ADJ
flr-37	305	9	onset	onset	NOUN
flr-37	305	10	assumption	assumption	NOUN
flr-37	305	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	305	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	305	13	for	for	ADP
flr-37	305	14	example	example	NOUN
flr-37	305	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	305	16	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	305	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	305	18	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	305	19	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	305	20	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	305	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	305	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	306	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
flr-37	306	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	306	3	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	306	4	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	306	5	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	306	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	307	1	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	307	2	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	307	3	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	307	4	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	307	5	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	307	6	had	have	AUX
flr-37	307	7	found	find	VERB
flr-37	307	8	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	307	9	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	307	10	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	307	11	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	307	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	307	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	307	14	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	307	15	by	by	ADP
flr-37	307	16	an	an	DET
flr-37	307	17	explanation	explanation	NOUN
flr-37	307	18	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	307	19	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	307	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	307	21	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	307	22	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	307	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	307	24	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	307	25	by	by	ADP
flr-37	307	26	solving	solve	VERB
flr-37	307	27	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	307	28	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	307	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	307	30	correlated	correlate	VERB
flr-37	307	31	moderately	moderately	ADV
flr-37	307	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	308	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	308	3	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	308	4	already	already	ADV
flr-37	308	5	discussed	discuss	VERB
flr-37	308	6	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	308	7	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	308	8	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	308	9	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	308	10	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	308	11	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	308	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	308	13	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	308	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	308	15	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	308	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	308	17	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	308	18	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	308	19	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	308	20	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	308	21	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	308	22	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	308	23	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	308	24	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	308	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	308	26	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	308	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	308	28	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	308	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	308	30	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	308	31	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	308	32	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	308	33	by	by	ADP
flr-37	308	34	asking	ask	VERB
flr-37	308	35	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	308	36	to	to	PART
flr-37	308	37	explain	explain	VERB
flr-37	308	38	their	their	PRON
flr-37	308	39	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	308	40	after	after	SCONJ
flr-37	308	41	they	they	PRON
flr-37	308	42	had	have	AUX
flr-37	308	43	solved	solve	VERB
flr-37	308	44	an	an	DET
flr-37	308	45	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	308	46	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	308	47	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	309	1	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	309	3	even	even	ADV
flr-37	309	4	though	though	SCONJ
flr-37	309	5	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	309	6	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	309	7	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	309	8	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	309	9	used	use	VERB
flr-37	309	10	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	309	11	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	309	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	309	13	assessing	assess	VERB
flr-37	309	14	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	309	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	309	16	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	309	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	309	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	309	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	309	20	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	309	21	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	309	22	by	by	ADP
flr-37	309	23	their	their	PRON
flr-37	309	24	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	309	25	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	309	26	might	might	AUX
flr-37	309	27	have	have	AUX
flr-37	309	28	resulted	result	VERB
flr-37	309	29	from	from	ADP
flr-37	309	30	a	a	DET
flr-37	309	31	mixture	mixture	NOUN
flr-37	309	32	of	of	ADP
flr-37	309	33	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	309	34	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	309	35	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	309	36	competencies	competency	NOUN
flr-37	309	37	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	309	38	see	see	VERB
flr-37	309	39	also	also	ADV
flr-37	309	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	309	41	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	309	42	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	309	43	dubé	dubé	NOUN
flr-37	309	44	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	309	45	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	309	46	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	309	47	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	310	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	310	2	might	might	AUX
flr-37	310	3	have	have	AUX
flr-37	310	4	led	lead	VERB
flr-37	310	5	to	to	ADP
flr-37	310	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	310	7	higher	high	ADJ
flr-37	310	8	correlation	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	310	9	between	between	ADP
flr-37	310	10	both	both	DET
flr-37	310	11	tests	test	NOUN
flr-37	310	12	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	310	13	to	to	ADP
flr-37	310	14	a	a	DET
flr-37	310	15	variant	variant	NOUN
flr-37	310	16	were	be	AUX
flr-37	310	17	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	310	18	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	310	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	310	20	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	310	21	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	310	22	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	310	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	310	24	is	be	AUX
flr-37	310	25	independently	independently	ADV
flr-37	310	26	assessed	assess	VERB
flr-37	310	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	311	1	alternatively	alternatively	ADV
flr-37	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	311	3	one	one	PRON
flr-37	311	4	might	might	AUX
flr-37	311	5	suspect	suspect	VERB
flr-37	311	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	311	7	our	our	PRON
flr-37	311	8	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	311	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	311	10	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	311	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	311	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	311	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	311	14	were	be	AUX
flr-37	311	15	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
flr-37	311	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	312	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	312	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	312	3	this	this	PRON
flr-37	312	4	is	be	AUX
flr-37	312	5	not	not	PART
flr-37	312	6	likely	likely	ADJ
flr-37	312	7	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	312	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	312	9	did	do	AUX
flr-37	312	10	find	find	VERB
flr-37	312	11	satisfying	satisfy	VERB
flr-37	312	12	split	split	NOUN
flr-37	312	13	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	312	14	half	half	NOUN
flr-37	312	15	reliabilities	reliability	NOUN
flr-37	312	16	for	for	ADP
flr-37	312	17	all	all	DET
flr-37	312	18	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	312	19	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	312	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	312	21	both	both	DET
flr-37	312	22	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	312	23	formats	format	NOUN
flr-37	312	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	312	25	see	see	VERB
flr-37	312	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	312	27	table	table	NOUN
flr-37	312	28	2	2	NUM
flr-37	312	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	312	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	313	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	313	2	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	313	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	313	4	our	our	PRON
flr-37	313	5	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	313	6	showed	show	VERB
flr-37	313	7	significant	significant	ADJ
flr-37	313	8	correlations	correlation	NOUN
flr-37	313	9	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	313	10	a	a	X
flr-37	313	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	313	12	for	for	ADP
flr-37	313	13	all	all	DET
flr-37	313	14	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	313	15	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	313	16	between	between	ADP
flr-37	313	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	313	18	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	313	19	time	time	NOUN
flr-37	313	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	313	21	percentage	percentage	NOUN
flr-37	313	22	of	of	ADP
flr-37	313	23	hits	hit	NOUN
flr-37	313	24	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	313	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	313	26	b	b	NOUN
flr-37	313	27	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	313	28	for	for	ADP
flr-37	313	29	at	at	ADV
flr-37	313	30	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	313	31	some	some	PRON
flr-37	313	32	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	313	33	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	313	34	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	313	35	all	all	DET
flr-37	313	36	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	313	37	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	313	38	between	between	ADP
flr-37	313	39	savings	saving	NOUN
flr-37	313	40	due	due	ADP
flr-37	313	41	to	to	ADP
flr-37	313	42	the	the	DET
flr-37	313	43	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	313	44	of	of	ADP
flr-37	313	45	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	313	46	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	313	47	based	base	VERB
flr-37	313	48	shortcuts	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	313	49	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	313	50	hits	hit	VERB
flr-37	313	51	in	in	ADP
flr-37	313	52	the	the	DET
flr-37	313	53	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	313	54	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	313	55	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	314	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	314	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	314	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	314	4	seems	seem	VERB
flr-37	314	5	worthwhile	worthwhile	ADJ
flr-37	314	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	314	7	ask	ask	VERB
flr-37	314	8	for	for	ADP
flr-37	314	9	further	further	ADJ
flr-37	314	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
flr-37	314	11	causes	cause	NOUN
flr-37	314	12	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	314	13	our	our	PRON
flr-37	314	14	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	314	15	finding	finding	NOUN
flr-37	314	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	315	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
flr-37	315	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
flr-37	315	3	implications	implication	NOUN
flr-37	315	4	at	at	ADP
flr-37	315	5	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	315	6	glance	glance	NOUN
flr-37	315	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	315	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	315	9	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	315	10	seem	seem	VERB
flr-37	315	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	315	12	fit	fit	VERB
flr-37	315	13	with	with	ADP
flr-37	315	14	a	a	DET
flr-37	315	15	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	315	16	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	315	17	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	315	18	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	315	19	of	of	ADP
flr-37	315	20	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	315	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	315	22	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	315	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	315	24	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	315	25	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	315	26	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	315	27	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	315	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	315	29	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	315	30	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	315	31	briars	briars	PROPN
flr-37	315	32	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	315	33	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	315	34	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	315	35	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	315	36	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	315	37	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	315	38	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	315	39	stern	stern	PROPN
flr-37	315	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	315	41	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	315	42	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	315	43	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	316	1	that	that	PRON
flr-37	316	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	316	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	316	4	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	316	5	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	316	6	use	use	VERB
flr-37	316	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	316	8	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	316	9	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	316	10	based	base	VERB
flr-37	316	11	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	316	12	before	before	ADP
flr-37	316	13	having	having	AUX
flr-37	316	14	acquired	acquire	VERB
flr-37	316	15	an	an	DET
flr-37	316	16	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	316	17	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	316	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	316	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	316	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	316	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	317	1	it	it	PRON
flr-37	317	2	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	317	3	appears	appear	VERB
flr-37	317	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	317	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	317	6	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	317	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	317	8	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	317	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	317	10	progresses	progress	VERB
flr-37	317	11	more	more	ADV
flr-37	317	12	slowly	slowly	ADV
flr-37	317	13	than	than	ADP
flr-37	317	14	that	that	PRON
flr-37	317	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	317	16	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	317	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	317	18	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	317	19	at	at	ADP
flr-37	317	20	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	317	21	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	317	22	measured	measure	VERB
flr-37	317	23	in	in	ADP
flr-37	317	24	this	this	DET
flr-37	317	25	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	317	26	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	317	27	for	for	ADP
flr-37	317	28	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	317	29	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	317	30	cf	cf	NOUN
flr-37	317	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	317	32	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	317	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	317	34	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	317	35	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	317	36	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	317	37	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	317	38	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	317	39	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	317	40	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	317	41	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	317	42	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	317	43	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	318	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	318	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	318	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	318	4	their	their	PRON
flr-37	318	5	review	review	NOUN
flr-37	318	6	about	about	ADP
flr-37	318	7	relations	relation	NOUN
flr-37	318	8	between	between	ADP
flr-37	318	9	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	318	10	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	318	11	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	318	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	318	13	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	318	14	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	318	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	318	16	their	their	PRON
flr-37	318	17	ability	ability	NOUN
flr-37	318	18	to	to	PART
flr-37	318	19	execute	execute	VERB
flr-37	318	20	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	318	21	procedures	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	318	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	318	23	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	318	24	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	318	25	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	318	26	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	318	27	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	318	28	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	318	29	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	318	30	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	318	31	provided	provide	VERB
flr-37	318	32	ample	ample	ADJ
flr-37	318	33	evidence	evidence	NOUN
flr-37	318	34	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	318	35	with	with	ADP
flr-37	318	36	regard	regard	NOUN
flr-37	318	37	to	to	ADP
flr-37	318	38	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	318	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	318	40	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	318	41	first	first	ADV
flr-37	318	42	acquire	acquire	VERB
flr-37	318	43	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	318	44	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	318	45	before	before	ADP
flr-37	318	46	then	then	ADV
flr-37	318	47	applying	apply	VERB
flr-37	318	48	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
flr-37	318	49	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	318	50	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	319	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	319	2	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	319	3	to	to	PART
flr-37	319	4	reconcile	reconcile	VERB
flr-37	319	5	this	this	DET
flr-37	319	6	conflict	conflict	NOUN
flr-37	319	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	319	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	319	9	refer	refer	VERB
flr-37	319	10	to	to	ADP
flr-37	319	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	319	12	iterative	iterative	NOUN
flr-37	319	13	model	model	NOUN
flr-37	319	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	319	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	319	16	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	319	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	319	18	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	319	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	319	20	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	319	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	319	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	319	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	319	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	319	25	resnick	resnick	PROPN
flr-37	319	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	319	27	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	319	28	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	319	29	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	319	30	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	319	31	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	319	32	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	319	33	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	319	34	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	319	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	319	36	2001	2001	NUM
flr-37	319	37	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	319	38	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	320	1	our	our	PRON
flr-37	320	2	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	320	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	320	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	320	5	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	320	6	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	320	7	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	320	8	at	at	ADP
flr-37	320	9	least	least	ADJ
flr-37	320	10	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ
flr-37	320	11	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	320	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	320	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	320	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	320	15	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	320	16	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	320	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	320	18	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	320	19	their	their	PRON
flr-37	320	20	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	320	21	representation	representation	NOUN
flr-37	320	22	of	of	ADP
flr-37	320	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	320	24	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	320	25	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	320	26	is	be	AUX
flr-37	320	27	less	less	ADV
flr-37	320	28	well	well	ADV
flr-37	320	29	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	320	30	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	320	31	with	with	ADP
flr-37	320	32	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	320	33	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	320	34	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	320	35	than	than	ADP
flr-37	320	36	that	that	PRON
flr-37	320	37	of	of	ADP
flr-37	320	38	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	320	39	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	320	40	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	320	41	adult	adult	NOUN
flr-37	320	42	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	320	43	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	321	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	321	2	is	be	AUX
flr-37	321	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	321	4	line	line	NOUN
flr-37	321	5	with	with	ADP
flr-37	321	6	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	321	7	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	321	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	321	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	321	10	field	field	NOUN
flr-37	321	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	321	12	mathematic	mathematic	ADJ
flr-37	321	13	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	321	14	showing	show	VERB
flr-37	321	15	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	321	16	already	already	ADV
flr-37	321	17	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	321	18	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	321	19	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	321	20	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	321	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	321	22	about	about	ADP
flr-37	321	23	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	321	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	321	25	for	for	ADP
flr-37	321	26	a	a	DET
flr-37	321	27	review	review	NOUN
flr-37	321	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	321	29	see	see	VERB
flr-37	321	30	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	321	31	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	321	32	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	321	33	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	321	34	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	321	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	321	36	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	321	37	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	321	38	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	322	1	also	also	ADV
flr-37	322	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	322	3	our	our	PRON
flr-37	322	4	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
flr-37	322	5	index	index	NOUN
flr-37	322	6	d	d	PROPN
flr-37	322	7	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	322	8	indicated	indicate	VERB
flr-37	322	9	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	322	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	322	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	323	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	323	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	323	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
flr-37	323	5	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	323	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	323	7	this	this	DET
flr-37	323	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	323	9	may	may	AUX
flr-37	323	10	still	still	ADV
flr-37	323	11	be	be	AUX
flr-37	323	12	reduced	reduce	VERB
flr-37	323	13	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	323	14	that	that	PRON
flr-37	323	15	is	is	ADV
flr-37	323	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	323	17	their	their	PRON
flr-37	323	18	competency	competency	NOUN
flr-37	323	19	to	to	PART
flr-37	323	20	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	323	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	323	22	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	323	23	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	323	24	properties	property	NOUN
flr-37	323	25	for	for	ADP
flr-37	323	26	applying	apply	VERB
flr-37	323	27	a	a	DET
flr-37	323	28	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	323	29	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	323	30	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	323	31	has	have	AUX
flr-37	323	32	not	not	PART
flr-37	323	33	fully	fully	ADV
flr-37	323	34	developed	develop	VERB
flr-37	323	35	yet	yet	ADV
flr-37	323	36	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	324	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	324	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	324	3	they	they	PRON
flr-37	324	4	may	may	AUX
flr-37	324	5	need	need	VERB
flr-37	324	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	324	7	certain	certain	ADJ
flr-37	324	8	external	external	ADJ
flr-37	324	9	trigger	trigger	NOUN
flr-37	324	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	324	11	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	324	12	to	to	PART
flr-37	324	13	activate	activate	VERB
flr-37	324	14	their	their	PRON
flr-37	324	15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	324	16	about	about	ADP
flr-37	324	17	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	324	18	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	324	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	324	20	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
flr-37	324	21	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	324	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	325	1	our	our	PRON
flr-37	325	2	instructions	instruction	NOUN
flr-37	325	3	for	for	ADP
flr-37	325	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	325	5	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN
flr-37	325	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	325	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	325	8	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	325	9	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	325	10	did	do	AUX
flr-37	325	11	not	not	PART
flr-37	325	12	provide	provide	VERB
flr-37	325	13	any	any	DET
flr-37	325	14	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	325	15	trigger	trigger	NOUN
flr-37	325	16	which	which	PRON
flr-37	325	17	probably	probably	ADV
flr-37	325	18	made	make	VERB
flr-37	325	19	it	it	PRON
flr-37	325	20	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	325	21	difficult	difficult	ADJ
flr-37	325	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	325	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
flr-37	325	24	for	for	ADP
flr-37	325	25	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	325	26	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	325	27	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	325	28	also	also	ADV
flr-37	325	29	for	for	ADP
flr-37	325	30	most	most	ADJ
flr-37	325	31	of	of	ADP
flr-37	325	32	the	the	DET
flr-37	325	33	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	325	34	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	325	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	325	36	to	to	PART
flr-37	325	37	realize	realize	VERB
flr-37	325	38	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	325	39	they	they	PRON
flr-37	325	40	should	should	AUX
flr-37	325	41	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	325	42	on	on	ADP
flr-37	325	43	the	the	DET
flr-37	325	44	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	325	45	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	325	46	in	in	ADP
flr-37	325	47	both	both	DET
flr-37	325	48	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	325	49	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	326	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
flr-37	326	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	326	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	326	4	may	may	AUX
flr-37	326	5	be	be	AUX
flr-37	326	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	326	7	some	some	DET
flr-37	326	8	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	326	9	applied	apply	VERB
flr-37	326	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	326	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	326	12	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	326	13	based	base	VERB
flr-37	326	14	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	326	15	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	326	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	326	17	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	326	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	326	19	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	326	20	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	326	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	326	22	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	326	23	did	do	AUX
flr-37	326	24	not	not	PART
flr-37	326	25	use	use	VERB
flr-37	326	26	it	it	PRON
flr-37	326	27	in	in	ADP
flr-37	326	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	326	29	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	326	30	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	326	31	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	326	32	vice	vice	NOUN
flr-37	326	33	versa	versa	ADV
flr-37	326	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	327	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	327	2	does	do	AUX
flr-37	327	3	not	not	PART
flr-37	327	4	imply	imply	VERB
flr-37	327	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	327	6	they	they	PRON
flr-37	327	7	first	first	ADV
flr-37	327	8	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	327	9	procedures	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	327	10	before	before	SCONJ
flr-37	327	11	they	they	PRON
flr-37	327	12	acquire	acquire	VERB
flr-37	327	13	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	327	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	327	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	328	1	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	328	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	328	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	328	4	assume	assume	VERB
flr-37	328	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	328	6	such	such	DET
flr-37	328	7	a	a	DET
flr-37	328	8	finding	finding	NOUN
flr-37	328	9	mainly	mainly	ADV
flr-37	328	10	reflects	reflect	VERB
flr-37	328	11	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	328	12	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	328	13	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	328	14	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	328	15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	328	16	is	be	AUX
flr-37	328	17	not	not	PART
flr-37	328	18	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
flr-37	328	19	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	328	20	to	to	PART
flr-37	328	21	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV
flr-37	328	22	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	328	23	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	328	24	they	they	PRON
flr-37	328	25	could	could	AUX
flr-37	328	26	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	328	27	on	on	ADP
flr-37	328	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	328	29	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	328	30	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	328	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	329	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	329	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	329	3	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	329	4	vein	vein	NOUN
flr-37	329	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	329	6	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	329	7	on	on	ADP
flr-37	329	8	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	329	9	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	329	10	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	329	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	329	12	anderson	anderson	PROPN
flr-37	329	13	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	329	14	schunn	schunn	PROPN
flr-37	329	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	329	16	2000	2000	NUM
flr-37	329	17	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	329	18	gentner	gentner	NOUN
flr-37	329	19	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	329	20	toupin	toupin	NOUN
flr-37	329	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	329	22	1986	1986	NUM
flr-37	329	23	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	329	24	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	329	25	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	329	26	frensch	frensch	PROPN
flr-37	329	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	329	28	1996	1996	NUM
flr-37	329	29	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	329	30	koedinger	koedinger	PROPN
flr-37	329	31	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	329	32	anderson	anderson	PROPN
flr-37	329	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	329	34	1990	1990	NUM
flr-37	329	35	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	329	36	also	also	ADV
flr-37	329	37	shows	show	VERB
flr-37	329	38	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	329	39	wellintegrated	wellintegrate	VERB
flr-37	329	40	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	329	41	thus	thus	ADV
flr-37	329	42	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	329	43	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	329	44	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	329	45	is	be	AUX
flr-37	329	46	required	require	VERB
flr-37	329	47	to	to	PART
flr-37	329	48	identify	identify	VERB
flr-37	329	49	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	329	50	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	329	51	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	329	52	in	in	ADP
flr-37	329	53	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	329	54	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	329	55	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	329	56	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	329	57	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	329	58	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	330	1	16	16	NUM
flr-37	331	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	331	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	331	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	331	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	331	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	331	6	solve	solve	VERB
flr-37	331	7	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	331	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	331	9	to	to	PART
flr-37	331	10	flexibly	flexibly	ADV
flr-37	331	11	transfer	transfer	VERB
flr-37	331	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	331	13	from	from	ADP
flr-37	331	14	one	one	NUM
flr-37	331	15	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	331	16	domain	domain	NOUN
flr-37	331	17	to	to	ADP
flr-37	331	18	another	another	PRON
flr-37	331	19	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	331	20	see	see	VERB
flr-37	331	21	also	also	ADV
flr-37	331	22	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	331	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	331	24	sloutsky	sloutsky	PROPN
flr-37	331	25	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	331	26	fisher	fisher	PROPN
flr-37	331	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	331	28	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	331	29	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	331	30	star	star	NOUN
flr-37	331	31	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	331	32	seifert	seifert	PROPN
flr-37	331	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	331	34	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	331	35	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	331	36	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	332	1	to	to	PART
flr-37	332	2	summarize	summarize	VERB
flr-37	332	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	332	4	we	we	PRON
flr-37	332	5	assume	assume	VERB
flr-37	332	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	332	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	332	8	divergent	divergent	ADJ
flr-37	332	9	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	332	10	concerning	concern	VERB
flr-37	332	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	332	12	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	332	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	332	14	an	an	DET
flr-37	332	15	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	332	16	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	332	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	332	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	332	19	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	332	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	332	21	reflect	reflect	VERB
flr-37	332	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	332	23	fact	fact	NOUN
flr-37	332	24	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	332	25	after	after	SCONJ
flr-37	332	26	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	332	27	have	have	AUX
flr-37	332	28	acquired	acquire	VERB
flr-37	332	29	some	some	DET
flr-37	332	30	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	332	31	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	332	32	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	332	33	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	332	34	in	in	ADP
flr-37	332	35	this	this	DET
flr-37	332	36	domain	domain	NOUN
flr-37	332	37	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	332	38	this	this	DET
flr-37	332	39	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	332	40	needs	need	VERB
flr-37	332	41	to	to	PART
flr-37	332	42	be	be	AUX
flr-37	332	43	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	332	44	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	333	1	this	this	DET
flr-37	333	2	integration	integration	NOUN
flr-37	333	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	333	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	333	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	333	6	we	we	PRON
flr-37	333	7	suspect	suspect	VERB
flr-37	333	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	333	9	is	be	AUX
flr-37	333	10	done	do	VERB
flr-37	333	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	333	12	an	an	DET
flr-37	333	13	iterative	iterative	ADJ
flr-37	333	14	way	way	NOUN
flr-37	333	15	which	which	PRON
flr-37	333	16	means	mean	VERB
flr-37	333	17	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	333	18	procedures	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	333	19	are	be	AUX
flr-37	333	20	applied	apply	VERB
flr-37	333	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	333	22	which	which	PRON
flr-37	333	23	then	then	ADV
flr-37	333	24	refine	refine	VERB
flr-37	333	25	the	the	DET
flr-37	333	26	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	333	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	333	28	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	333	29	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	333	30	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	333	31	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	333	32	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	333	33	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	333	34	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	333	35	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	333	36	2001	2001	NUM
flr-37	333	37	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	333	38	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	334	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	334	2	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	334	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	334	4	is	be	AUX
flr-37	334	5	then	then	ADV
flr-37	334	6	used	use	VERB
flr-37	334	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	334	8	guide	guide	VERB
flr-37	334	9	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	334	10	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	334	11	attention	attention	NOUN
flr-37	334	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	334	13	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	334	14	which	which	PRON
flr-37	334	15	is	be	AUX
flr-37	334	16	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	334	17	to	to	PART
flr-37	334	18	adaptively	adaptively	ADV
flr-37	334	19	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	334	20	efficient	efficient	ADJ
flr-37	334	21	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	334	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	335	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
flr-37	335	2	further	further	ADJ
flr-37	335	3	improvements	improvement	NOUN
flr-37	335	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	335	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	335	6	measurement	measurement	NOUN
flr-37	335	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	335	8	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	335	9	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	335	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	335	11	a	a	DET
flr-37	335	12	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	335	13	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	335	14	with	with	ADP
flr-37	335	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	335	16	current	current	ADJ
flr-37	335	17	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	335	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	335	19	we	we	PRON
flr-37	335	20	took	take	VERB
flr-37	335	21	a	a	DET
flr-37	335	22	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	335	23	step	step	NOUN
flr-37	335	24	to	to	PART
flr-37	335	25	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	335	26	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	335	27	usage	usage	NOUN
flr-37	335	28	of	of	ADP
flr-37	335	29	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	335	30	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	335	31	in	in	ADP
flr-37	335	32	a	a	DET
flr-37	335	33	non	non	ADJ
flr-37	335	34	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	335	35	reactive	reactive	ADJ
flr-37	335	36	way	way	NOUN
flr-37	335	37	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	336	1	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	336	2	worked	work	VERB
flr-37	336	3	on	on	ADP
flr-37	336	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	336	5	paper	paper	NOUN
flr-37	336	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	336	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	336	8	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	336	9	pencil	pencil	NOUN
flr-37	336	10	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	336	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	336	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	336	13	setting	setting	NOUN
flr-37	336	14	very	very	ADV
flr-37	336	15	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	336	16	to	to	ADP
flr-37	336	17	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	336	18	tests	test	NOUN
flr-37	336	19	in	in	ADP
flr-37	336	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	336	21	classroom	classroom	NOUN
flr-37	336	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	337	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	337	2	the	the	DET
flr-37	337	3	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	337	4	blocks	block	NOUN
flr-37	337	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	337	6	we	we	PRON
flr-37	337	7	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	337	8	for	for	ADP
flr-37	337	9	fast	fast	ADJ
flr-37	337	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	337	11	correct	correct	ADJ
flr-37	337	12	solutions	solution	NOUN
flr-37	337	13	to	to	ADP
flr-37	337	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	337	15	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	337	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	337	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	337	18	did	do	AUX
flr-37	337	19	not	not	PART
flr-37	337	20	mention	mention	VERB
flr-37	337	21	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	337	22	regularities	regularity	NOUN
flr-37	337	23	in	in	ADP
flr-37	337	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	337	25	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	337	26	material	material	NOUN
flr-37	337	27	might	might	AUX
flr-37	337	28	be	be	AUX
flr-37	337	29	exploited	exploit	VERB
flr-37	337	30	for	for	ADP
flr-37	337	31	efficient	efficient	ADJ
flr-37	337	32	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	337	33	processing	processing	NOUN
flr-37	337	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	338	1	we	we	PRON
flr-37	338	2	inferred	infer	VERB
flr-37	338	3	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	338	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	338	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	338	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	338	7	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	338	8	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	338	9	from	from	ADP
flr-37	338	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	338	11	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	338	12	benefits	benefit	NOUN
flr-37	338	13	on	on	ADP
flr-37	338	14	material	material	NOUN
flr-37	338	15	containing	contain	VERB
flr-37	338	16	identical	identical	ADJ
flr-37	338	17	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	338	18	in	in	ADP
flr-37	338	19	changed	change	VERB
flr-37	338	20	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	338	21	in	in	ADP
flr-37	338	22	consecutive	consecutive	ADJ
flr-37	338	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	338	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	338	25	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	338	26	compared	compare	VERB
flr-37	338	27	to	to	ADP
flr-37	338	28	material	material	NOUN
flr-37	338	29	that	that	PRON
flr-37	338	30	did	do	AUX
flr-37	338	31	not	not	PART
flr-37	338	32	contain	contain	VERB
flr-37	338	33	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	338	34	pairs	pair	NOUN
flr-37	338	35	of	of	ADP
flr-37	338	36	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	338	37	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	338	38	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	339	1	probing	probe	VERB
flr-37	339	2	for	for	ADP
flr-37	339	3	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	339	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	339	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	339	6	we	we	PRON
flr-37	339	7	asked	ask	VERB
flr-37	339	8	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	339	9	to	to	PART
flr-37	339	10	indicate	indicate	VERB
flr-37	339	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	339	12	which	which	DET
flr-37	339	13	cases	case	NOUN
flr-37	339	14	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	339	15	was	be	AUX
flr-37	339	16	not	not	PART
flr-37	339	17	necessary	necessary	ADJ
flr-37	339	18	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	339	19	again	again	ADV
flr-37	339	20	without	without	ADP
flr-37	339	21	hinting	hint	VERB
flr-37	339	22	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	339	23	it	it	PRON
flr-37	339	24	might	might	AUX
flr-37	339	25	be	be	AUX
flr-37	339	26	the	the	DET
flr-37	339	27	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	339	28	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	339	29	that	that	PRON
flr-37	339	30	made	make	VERB
flr-37	339	31	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	339	32	superfluous	superfluous	ADJ
flr-37	339	33	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	340	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	340	2	rationale	rationale	NOUN
flr-37	340	3	behind	behind	ADP
flr-37	340	4	this	this	DET
flr-37	340	5	procedure	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	340	6	was	be	AUX
flr-37	340	7	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	340	8	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	340	9	who	who	PRON
flr-37	340	10	had	have	VERB
flr-37	340	11	well	well	ADV
flr-37	340	12	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	340	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	340	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	340	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	340	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	340	17	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	340	18	should	should	AUX
flr-37	340	19	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	340	20	the	the	DET
flr-37	340	21	respective	respective	ADJ
flr-37	340	22	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	340	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	340	24	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	340	25	consequently	consequently	ADV
flr-37	340	26	should	should	AUX
flr-37	340	27	be	be	AUX
flr-37	340	28	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	340	29	to	to	PART
flr-37	340	30	relate	relate	VERB
flr-37	340	31	it	it	PRON
flr-37	340	32	to	to	ADP
flr-37	340	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	340	34	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	340	35	demand	demand	NOUN
flr-37	340	36	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	340	37	marking	mark	VERB
flr-37	340	38	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	340	39	where	where	SCONJ
flr-37	340	40	calculation	calculation	NOUN
flr-37	340	41	was	be	AUX
flr-37	340	42	not	not	PART
flr-37	340	43	necessary	necessary	ADJ
flr-37	340	44	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	340	45	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	341	1	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	341	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	341	3	related	relate	VERB
flr-37	341	4	changes	change	NOUN
flr-37	341	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	341	6	hits	hit	NOUN
flr-37	341	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	341	8	false	false	ADJ
flr-37	341	9	alarms	alarm	NOUN
flr-37	341	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	341	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	341	12	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	341	13	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	341	14	suggested	suggest	VERB
flr-37	341	15	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	341	16	this	this	PRON
flr-37	341	17	was	be	AUX
flr-37	341	18	indeed	indeed	ADV
flr-37	341	19	the	the	DET
flr-37	341	20	case	case	NOUN
flr-37	341	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	342	1	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	342	2	indirect	indirect	ADJ
flr-37	342	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
flr-37	342	4	to	to	PART
flr-37	342	5	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	342	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	342	7	have	have	AUX
flr-37	342	8	been	be	AUX
flr-37	342	9	developed	develop	VERB
flr-37	342	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	342	11	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	342	12	to	to	PART
flr-37	342	13	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	342	14	insight	insight	NOUN
flr-37	342	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	342	16	cf	cf	NOUN
flr-37	342	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	343	1	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	343	2	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	343	3	rose	rise	VERB
flr-37	343	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	343	5	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	343	6	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	343	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	344	1	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	344	2	investigating	investigate	VERB
flr-37	344	3	insight	insight	NOUN
flr-37	344	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	344	5	it	it	PRON
flr-37	344	6	is	be	AUX
flr-37	344	7	not	not	PART
flr-37	344	8	feasible	feasible	ADJ
flr-37	344	9	either	either	ADV
flr-37	344	10	to	to	PART
flr-37	344	11	directly	directly	ADV
flr-37	344	12	ask	ask	VERB
flr-37	344	13	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	344	14	again	again	ADV
flr-37	344	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	344	16	again	again	ADV
flr-37	344	17	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	344	18	they	they	PRON
flr-37	344	19	already	already	ADV
flr-37	344	20	have	have	AUX
flr-37	344	21	discovered	discover	VERB
flr-37	344	22	the	the	DET
flr-37	344	23	regularity	regularity	NOUN
flr-37	344	24	in	in	ADP
flr-37	344	25	the	the	DET
flr-37	344	26	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	344	27	material	material	NOUN
flr-37	344	28	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	344	29	without	without	ADP
flr-37	344	30	providing	provide	VERB
flr-37	344	31	them	they	PRON
flr-37	344	32	with	with	ADP
flr-37	344	33	a	a	DET
flr-37	344	34	strong	strong	ADJ
flr-37	344	35	hint	hint	NOUN
flr-37	344	36	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	344	37	such	such	DET
flr-37	344	38	a	a	DET
flr-37	344	39	regularity	regularity	NOUN
flr-37	344	40	exists	exist	VERB
flr-37	344	41	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	345	1	one	one	NUM
flr-37	345	2	way	way	NOUN
flr-37	345	3	to	to	PART
flr-37	345	4	further	far	ADV
flr-37	345	5	improve	improve	VERB
flr-37	345	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	345	7	method	method	NOUN
flr-37	345	8	would	would	AUX
flr-37	345	9	be	be	AUX
flr-37	345	10	to	to	PART
flr-37	345	11	include	include	VERB
flr-37	345	12	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	345	13	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	345	14	which	which	PRON
flr-37	345	15	also	also	ADV
flr-37	345	16	feature	feature	VERB
flr-37	345	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	345	18	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	345	19	numbers	number	NOUN
flr-37	345	20	as	as	ADP
flr-37	345	21	their	their	PRON
flr-37	345	22	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN
flr-37	345	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	345	24	in	in	ADP
flr-37	345	25	changed	change	VERB
flr-37	345	26	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	345	27	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	345	28	do	do	AUX
flr-37	345	29	not	not	PART
flr-37	345	30	allow	allow	VERB
flr-37	345	31	to	to	PART
flr-37	345	32	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	345	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	345	34	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	345	35	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	345	36	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	345	37	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	345	38	subtractions	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	345	39	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	345	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	346	1	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	346	2	interspersed	interspersed	ADJ
flr-37	346	3	control	control	NOUN
flr-37	346	4	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	346	5	could	could	AUX
flr-37	346	6	help	help	VERB
flr-37	346	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	346	8	rule	rule	VERB
flr-37	346	9	out	out	ADP
flr-37	346	10	superficial	superficial	ADJ
flr-37	346	11	matching	matching	NOUN
flr-37	346	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	346	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	346	14	i.e.	i.e.	X
flr-37	346	15	“	"	PUNCT
flr-37	346	16	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	346	17	numbers	number	NOUN
flr-37	346	18	=	=	SYM
flr-37	346	19	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	346	20	result	result	NOUN
flr-37	346	21	”	"	PUNCT
flr-37	346	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	346	23	that	that	PRON
flr-37	346	24	do	do	AUX
flr-37	346	25	not	not	PART
flr-37	346	26	capture	capture	VERB
flr-37	346	27	the	the	DET
flr-37	346	28	essence	essence	NOUN
flr-37	346	29	of	of	ADP
flr-37	346	30	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	346	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	347	1	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	347	2	explorations	exploration	NOUN
flr-37	347	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	347	4	our	our	PRON
flr-37	347	5	labs	lab	NOUN
flr-37	347	6	indicate	indicate	VERB
flr-37	347	7	that	that	DET
flr-37	347	8	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	347	9	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	347	10	do	do	AUX
flr-37	347	11	not	not	PART
flr-37	347	12	confuse	confuse	VERB
flr-37	347	13	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	347	14	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	347	15	containing	contain	VERB
flr-37	347	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	347	17	same	same	ADJ
flr-37	347	18	digits	digit	NOUN
flr-37	347	19	as	as	ADP
flr-37	347	20	a	a	DET
flr-37	347	21	preceding	precede	VERB
flr-37	347	22	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	347	23	with	with	ADP
flr-37	347	24	genuine	genuine	ADJ
flr-37	347	25	commutative	commutative	ADJ
flr-37	347	26	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	347	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	348	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
flr-37	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	348	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	348	4	would	would	AUX
flr-37	348	5	be	be	AUX
flr-37	348	6	interesting	interesting	ADJ
flr-37	348	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	348	8	implement	implement	VERB
flr-37	348	9	our	our	PRON
flr-37	348	10	instruments	instrument	NOUN
flr-37	348	11	within	within	ADP
flr-37	348	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	348	13	multi	multi	ADJ
flr-37	348	14	-	-	ADJ
flr-37	348	15	method	method	ADJ
flr-37	348	16	approach	approach	NOUN
flr-37	348	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	348	18	administering	administer	VERB
flr-37	348	19	multiple	multiple	ADJ
flr-37	348	20	measurements	measurement	NOUN
flr-37	348	21	per	per	ADP
flr-37	348	22	person	person	NOUN
flr-37	348	23	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	348	24	construct	construct	VERB
flr-37	348	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	348	26	cf	cf	NOUN
flr-37	348	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	349	1	prather	prather	PROPN
flr-37	349	2	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	349	3	alibali	alibali	VERB
flr-37	349	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	349	5	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	349	6	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	349	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	350	1	as	as	ADP
flr-37	350	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	350	3	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	350	4	step	step	NOUN
flr-37	350	5	one	one	PRON
flr-37	350	6	would	would	AUX
flr-37	350	7	have	have	VERB
flr-37	350	8	to	to	PART
flr-37	350	9	estimate	estimate	VERB
flr-37	350	10	to	to	ADP
flr-37	350	11	what	what	PRON
flr-37	350	12	extend	extend	VERB
flr-37	350	13	repeated	repeat	VERB
flr-37	350	14	testing	testing	NOUN
flr-37	350	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	350	16	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	350	17	usage	usage	NOUN
flr-37	350	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	350	19	a	a	DET
flr-37	350	20	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	350	21	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	350	22	induces	induce	VERB
flr-37	350	23	participants	participant	NOUN
flr-37	350	24	to	to	PART
flr-37	350	25	recognize	recognize	VERB
flr-37	350	26	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	350	27	use	use	VERB
flr-37	350	28	the	the	DET
flr-37	350	29	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	350	30	–	–	PUNCT
flr-37	350	31	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	350	32	by	by	ADP
flr-37	350	33	this	this	PRON
flr-37	350	34	spoils	spoil	VERB
flr-37	350	35	the	the	DET
flr-37	350	36	possibility	possibility	NOUN
flr-37	350	37	to	to	PART
flr-37	350	38	assess	assess	VERB
flr-37	350	39	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	350	40	usage	usage	NOUN
flr-37	350	41	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	351	1	paper	paper	NOUN
flr-37	351	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	351	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	351	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	351	5	pencil	pencil	NOUN
flr-37	351	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	351	7	based	base	VERB
flr-37	351	8	testing	testing	NOUN
flr-37	351	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	351	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	351	11	classroom	classroom	NOUN
flr-37	351	12	has	have	VERB
flr-37	351	13	the	the	DET
flr-37	351	14	advantage	advantage	NOUN
flr-37	351	15	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	351	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	351	17	test	test	NOUN
flr-37	351	18	situation	situation	NOUN
flr-37	351	19	is	be	AUX
flr-37	351	20	similar	similar	ADJ
flr-37	351	21	to	to	ADP
flr-37	351	22	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	351	23	tests	test	NOUN
flr-37	351	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	351	25	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	351	26	take	take	VERB
flr-37	351	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	352	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	352	2	a	a	DET
flr-37	352	3	parallel	parallel	ADJ
flr-37	352	4	line	line	NOUN
flr-37	352	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	352	6	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	352	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	8	we	we	PRON
flr-37	352	9	have	have	AUX
flr-37	352	10	started	start	VERB
flr-37	352	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	352	12	employ	employ	VERB
flr-37	352	13	eyetracking	eyetracke	VERB
flr-37	352	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	352	15	obtain	obtain	VERB
flr-37	352	16	process	process	NOUN
flr-37	352	17	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	352	18	related	relate	VERB
flr-37	352	19	to	to	ADP
flr-37	352	20	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	352	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	352	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	352	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	352	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	25	gaschler	gaschler	NOUN
flr-37	352	26	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	352	27	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	352	28	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	352	29	2013	2013	NUM
flr-37	352	30	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	352	31	godau	godau	NOUN
flr-37	352	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	33	wirth	wirth	PROPN
flr-37	352	34	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	35	hansen	hansen	PROPN
flr-37	352	36	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	37	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	352	38	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	39	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	352	40	gaschler	gaschler	NOUN
flr-37	352	41	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	352	42	in	in	ADP
flr-37	352	43	press	press	NOUN
flr-37	352	44	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	352	45	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	353	1	for	for	ADP
flr-37	353	2	instance	instance	NOUN
flr-37	353	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	353	4	it	it	PRON
flr-37	353	5	is	be	AUX
flr-37	353	6	possible	possible	ADJ
flr-37	353	7	to	to	PART
flr-37	353	8	quantify	quantify	VERB
flr-37	353	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	353	10	extent	extent	NOUN
flr-37	353	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	353	12	which	which	PRON
flr-37	353	13	a	a	DET
flr-37	353	14	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	353	15	searches	search	VERB
flr-37	353	16	for	for	ADP
flr-37	353	17	repetitions	repetition	NOUN
flr-37	353	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	353	19	addends	addend	NOUN
flr-37	353	20	in	in	ADP
flr-37	353	21	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
flr-37	353	22	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	353	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	353	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	354	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	354	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	354	3	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	354	4	they	they	PRON
flr-37	354	5	are	be	AUX
flr-37	354	6	tested	test	VERB
flr-37	354	7	individually	individually	ADV
flr-37	354	8	with	with	ADP
flr-37	354	9	an	an	DET
flr-37	354	10	eyetracking	eyetracke	VERB
flr-37	354	11	system	system	NOUN
flr-37	354	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	354	13	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	354	14	are	be	AUX
flr-37	354	15	aware	aware	ADJ
flr-37	354	16	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	354	17	the	the	DET
flr-37	354	18	measurement	measurement	NOUN
flr-37	354	19	is	be	AUX
flr-37	354	20	about	about	ADP
flr-37	354	21	where	where	SCONJ
flr-37	354	22	they	they	PRON
flr-37	354	23	look	look	VERB
flr-37	354	24	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	354	25	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	354	26	they	they	PRON
flr-37	354	27	calculate	calculate	VERB
flr-37	354	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	355	1	class	class	NOUN
flr-37	355	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	355	3	based	base	VERB
flr-37	355	4	testing	testing	NOUN
flr-37	355	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	355	6	computer	computer	NOUN
flr-37	355	7	labs	lab	NOUN
flr-37	355	8	within	within	ADP
flr-37	355	9	schools	school	NOUN
flr-37	355	10	might	might	AUX
flr-37	355	11	offer	offer	VERB
flr-37	355	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	355	13	possibility	possibility	NOUN
flr-37	355	14	to	to	PART
flr-37	355	15	obtain	obtain	VERB
flr-37	355	16	process	process	NOUN
flr-37	355	17	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	355	18	while	while	SCONJ
flr-37	355	19	keeping	keep	VERB
flr-37	355	20	up	up	ADP
flr-37	355	21	the	the	DET
flr-37	355	22	character	character	NOUN
flr-37	355	23	of	of	ADP
flr-37	355	24	the	the	DET
flr-37	355	25	assessment	assessment	NOUN
flr-37	355	26	as	as	ADP
flr-37	355	27	allowing	allow	VERB
flr-37	355	28	to	to	PART
flr-37	355	29	measure	measure	VERB
flr-37	355	30	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	355	31	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	355	32	of	of	ADP
flr-37	355	33	the	the	DET
flr-37	355	34	principle	principle	ADJ
flr-37	355	35	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	355	36	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	356	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	356	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	356	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	356	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	356	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	356	6	17	17	NUM
flr-37	357	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	357	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	357	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	357	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	357	5	4.3	4.3	NUM
flr-37	357	6	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
flr-37	357	7	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
flr-37	357	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	357	9	practical	practical	ADJ
flr-37	357	10	implications	implication	NOUN
flr-37	357	11	recently	recently	ADV
flr-37	357	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	357	13	prather	prather	NOUN
flr-37	357	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	357	15	alibali	alibali	ADJ
flr-37	357	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	357	17	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	357	18	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	357	19	see	see	VERB
flr-37	357	20	also	also	ADV
flr-37	357	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	357	22	bisanz	bisanz	VERB
flr-37	357	23	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	357	24	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	357	25	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	357	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	357	27	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	357	28	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	357	29	schneider	schneider	NOUN
flr-37	357	30	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	357	31	stern	stern	PROPN
flr-37	357	32	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	357	33	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	357	34	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	357	35	called	call	VERB
flr-37	357	36	for	for	ADP
flr-37	357	37	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
flr-37	357	38	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	357	39	assessment	assessment	NOUN
flr-37	357	40	in	in	ADP
flr-37	357	41	the	the	DET
flr-37	357	42	context	context	NOUN
flr-37	357	43	of	of	ADP
flr-37	357	44	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	357	45	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	357	46	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	358	1	our	our	PRON
flr-37	358	2	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	358	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	358	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	358	5	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	358	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	358	7	judgment	judgment	NOUN
flr-37	358	8	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	358	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	358	10	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	358	11	to	to	PART
flr-37	358	12	independently	independently	ADV
flr-37	358	13	assess	assess	VERB
flr-37	358	14	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	358	15	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	358	16	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	358	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	358	18	can	can	AUX
flr-37	358	19	be	be	AUX
flr-37	358	20	seen	see	VERB
flr-37	358	21	as	as	ADP
flr-37	358	22	a	a	DET
flr-37	358	23	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	358	24	step	step	NOUN
flr-37	358	25	in	in	ADP
flr-37	358	26	this	this	DET
flr-37	358	27	direction	direction	NOUN
flr-37	358	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	359	1	complementing	complement	VERB
flr-37	359	2	earlier	early	ADJ
flr-37	359	3	work	work	NOUN
flr-37	359	4	on	on	ADP
flr-37	359	5	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	359	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	359	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	359	8	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	359	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	359	10	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	359	11	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	359	12	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	359	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	359	14	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	359	15	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	359	16	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	359	17	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	359	18	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	359	19	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	359	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	359	21	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	359	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	359	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	359	24	our	our	PRON
flr-37	359	25	findings	finding	NOUN
flr-37	359	26	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	359	27	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	359	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	359	29	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	359	30	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	359	31	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	359	32	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	359	33	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	359	34	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	359	35	are	be	AUX
flr-37	359	36	not	not	PART
flr-37	359	37	alluded	allude	VERB
flr-37	359	38	to	to	PART
flr-37	359	39	rely	rely	VERB
flr-37	359	40	on	on	ADP
flr-37	359	41	the	the	DET
flr-37	359	42	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	359	43	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	359	44	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	359	45	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	359	46	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	359	47	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	359	48	most	most	ADJ
flr-37	359	49	of	of	ADP
flr-37	359	50	the	the	DET
flr-37	359	51	third	third	ADJ
flr-37	359	52	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	359	53	show	show	VERB
flr-37	359	54	but	but	CCONJ
flr-37	359	55	weak	weak	ADJ
flr-37	359	56	signs	sign	NOUN
flr-37	359	57	of	of	ADP
flr-37	359	58	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	359	59	application	application	NOUN
flr-37	359	60	of	of	ADP
flr-37	359	61	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	359	62	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	359	63	interrelation	interrelation	NOUN
flr-37	359	64	of	of	ADP
flr-37	359	65	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	359	66	forms	form	NOUN
flr-37	359	67	of	of	ADP
flr-37	359	68	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	359	69	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	359	70	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	360	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	360	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
flr-37	360	3	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	360	4	they	they	PRON
flr-37	360	5	do	do	AUX
flr-37	360	6	not	not	PART
flr-37	360	7	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	360	8	well	well	ADV
flr-37	360	9	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	360	10	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	360	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	360	12	about	about	ADP
flr-37	360	13	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	360	14	in	in	ADP
flr-37	360	15	the	the	DET
flr-37	360	16	sense	sense	NOUN
flr-37	360	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	360	18	an	an	DET
flr-37	360	19	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	360	20	formal	formal	ADJ
flr-37	360	21	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	360	22	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	360	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	361	1	our	our	PRON
flr-37	361	2	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	361	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	361	4	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	361	5	even	even	ADV
flr-37	361	6	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	361	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	361	8	use	use	VERB
flr-37	361	9	procedures	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	361	10	that	that	PRON
flr-37	361	11	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	361	12	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	361	13	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	361	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	361	15	about	about	ADP
flr-37	361	16	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	361	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	361	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	361	19	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	361	20	process	process	NOUN
flr-37	361	21	has	have	AUX
flr-37	361	22	by	by	ADP
flr-37	361	23	far	far	ADV
flr-37	361	24	not	not	PART
flr-37	361	25	reached	reach	VERB
flr-37	361	26	an	an	DET
flr-37	361	27	endpoint	endpoint	NOUN
flr-37	361	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	362	1	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	362	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	362	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	362	4	still	still	ADV
flr-37	362	5	progresses	progress	VERB
flr-37	362	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	362	7	before	before	ADP
flr-37	362	8	leading	lead	VERB
flr-37	362	9	to	to	ADP
flr-37	362	10	a	a	DET
flr-37	362	11	well	well	ADV
flr-37	362	12	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	362	13	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	362	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	362	15	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	362	16	representation	representation	NOUN
flr-37	362	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	362	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	362	19	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	362	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	362	21	as	as	ADP
flr-37	362	22	with	with	ADP
flr-37	362	23	our	our	PRON
flr-37	362	24	measures	measure	NOUN
flr-37	362	25	found	find	VERB
flr-37	362	26	in	in	ADP
flr-37	362	27	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	362	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	363	1	as	as	ADV
flr-37	363	2	long	long	ADV
flr-37	363	3	as	as	SCONJ
flr-37	363	4	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	363	5	do	do	AUX
flr-37	363	6	not	not	PART
flr-37	363	7	possess	possess	VERB
flr-37	363	8	such	such	DET
flr-37	363	9	an	an	DET
flr-37	363	10	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	363	11	representation	representation	NOUN
flr-37	363	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	363	13	they	they	PRON
flr-37	363	14	will	will	AUX
flr-37	363	15	not	not	PART
flr-37	363	16	be	be	AUX
flr-37	363	17	able	able	ADJ
flr-37	363	18	to	to	PART
flr-37	363	19	flexibly	flexibly	ADV
flr-37	363	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	363	21	adaptively	adaptively	ADV
flr-37	363	22	use	use	VERB
flr-37	363	23	the	the	DET
flr-37	363	24	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	363	25	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	363	26	in	in	ADP
flr-37	363	27	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	363	28	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	363	29	contexts	contexts	NOUN
flr-37	363	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	364	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
flr-37	364	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	364	3	we	we	PRON
flr-37	364	4	suspect	suspect	VERB
flr-37	364	5	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	364	6	increasing	increase	VERB
flr-37	364	7	experience	experience	NOUN
flr-37	364	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	364	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	364	10	field	field	NOUN
flr-37	364	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	364	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	364	13	is	be	AUX
flr-37	364	14	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	364	15	in	in	ADP
flr-37	364	16	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	364	17	to	to	PART
flr-37	364	18	better	well	ADV
flr-37	364	19	integrate	integrate	VERB
flr-37	364	20	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	364	21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	364	22	about	about	ADP
flr-37	364	23	various	various	ADJ
flr-37	364	24	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	364	25	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	364	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	365	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	365	2	might	might	AUX
flr-37	365	3	explain	explain	VERB
flr-37	365	4	why	why	SCONJ
flr-37	365	5	transfer	transfer	NOUN
flr-37	365	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	365	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	365	8	from	from	ADP
flr-37	365	9	one	one	NUM
flr-37	365	10	context	context	NOUN
flr-37	365	11	to	to	ADP
flr-37	365	12	another	another	PRON
flr-37	365	13	is	be	AUX
flr-37	365	14	often	often	ADV
flr-37	365	15	found	find	VERB
flr-37	365	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	365	17	be	be	AUX
flr-37	365	18	rather	rather	ADV
flr-37	365	19	weak	weak	ADJ
flr-37	365	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	365	21	e.g.	e.g.	ADJ
flr-37	365	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	365	23	frensch	frensch	PROPN
flr-37	365	24	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	365	25	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	365	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	365	27	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	365	28	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	366	1	kaminsky	kaminsky	PROPN
flr-37	366	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	366	3	sloutsky	sloutsky	NOUN
flr-37	366	4	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	366	5	heckler	heckler	NOUN
flr-37	366	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	366	7	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	366	8	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	366	9	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	366	10	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	366	11	stern	stern	PROPN
flr-37	366	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	366	13	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	366	14	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	366	15	sloutsky	sloutsky	PROPN
flr-37	366	16	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	366	17	fisher	fisher	PROPN
flr-37	366	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	366	19	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	366	20	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	366	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	367	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
flr-37	367	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	367	3	helping	help	VERB
flr-37	367	4	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	367	5	to	to	PART
flr-37	367	6	develop	develop	VERB
flr-37	367	7	well	well	ADV
flr-37	367	8	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	367	9	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	367	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	367	11	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	367	12	should	should	AUX
flr-37	367	13	be	be	AUX
flr-37	367	14	one	one	NUM
flr-37	367	15	of	of	ADP
flr-37	367	16	the	the	DET
flr-37	367	17	most	most	ADV
flr-37	367	18	important	important	ADJ
flr-37	367	19	tasks	task	NOUN
flr-37	367	20	education	education	NOUN
flr-37	367	21	has	have	VERB
flr-37	367	22	to	to	PART
flr-37	367	23	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
flr-37	367	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	367	25	see	see	VERB
flr-37	367	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	367	27	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	367	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	367	29	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	367	30	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	367	31	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	367	32	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	367	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	367	34	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	367	35	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	367	36	prather	prather	PROPN
flr-37	367	37	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	367	38	alibali	alibali	PROPN
flr-37	367	39	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	367	40	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	367	41	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	367	42	verschaffel	verschaffel	PROPN
flr-37	367	43	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	367	44	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	367	45	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	367	46	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	367	47	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	367	48	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	368	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	368	2	more	more	ADV
flr-37	368	3	practical	practical	ADJ
flr-37	368	4	terms	term	NOUN
flr-37	368	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	368	6	if	if	SCONJ
flr-37	368	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	368	8	are	be	AUX
flr-37	368	9	taught	teach	VERB
flr-37	368	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	368	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	368	12	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	368	13	in	in	ADP
flr-37	368	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	368	15	context	context	NOUN
flr-37	368	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	368	17	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	368	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	368	19	they	they	PRON
flr-37	368	20	seem	seem	VERB
flr-37	368	21	to	to	PART
flr-37	368	22	learn	learn	VERB
flr-37	368	23	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	368	24	they	they	PRON
flr-37	368	25	can	can	AUX
flr-37	368	26	use	use	VERB
flr-37	368	27	this	this	DET
flr-37	368	28	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	368	29	to	to	PART
flr-37	368	30	avoid	avoid	VERB
flr-37	368	31	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ
flr-37	368	32	labor	labor	NOUN
flr-37	368	33	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	369	1	however	however	ADV
flr-37	369	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	369	3	our	our	PRON
flr-37	369	4	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	369	5	suggest	suggest	VERB
flr-37	369	6	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	369	7	this	this	PRON
flr-37	369	8	does	do	AUX
flr-37	369	9	not	not	PART
flr-37	369	10	mean	mean	VERB
flr-37	369	11	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	369	12	they	they	PRON
flr-37	369	13	concurrently	concurrently	ADV
flr-37	369	14	acquire	acquire	VERB
flr-37	369	15	an	an	DET
flr-37	369	16	idea	idea	NOUN
flr-37	369	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	369	18	the	the	DET
flr-37	369	19	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	369	20	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	369	21	of	of	ADP
flr-37	369	22	cardinality	cardinality	NOUN
flr-37	369	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	370	1	we	we	PRON
flr-37	370	2	suspect	suspect	VERB
flr-37	370	3	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	370	4	many	many	ADJ
flr-37	370	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	370	6	only	only	ADV
flr-37	370	7	acquire	acquire	VERB
flr-37	370	8	a	a	DET
flr-37	370	9	procedure	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	370	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	370	11	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	370	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	370	13	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	370	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	370	15	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	370	16	they	they	PRON
flr-37	370	17	can	can	AUX
flr-37	370	18	easily	easily	ADV
flr-37	370	19	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	370	20	for	for	ADP
flr-37	370	21	twoelement	twoelement	ADJ
flr-37	370	22	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	370	23	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	370	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	371	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	371	2	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	371	3	to	to	PART
flr-37	371	4	help	help	VERB
flr-37	371	5	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	371	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	371	7	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	371	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	371	9	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	371	10	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	371	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	371	12	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	371	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	371	14	it	it	PRON
flr-37	371	15	might	might	AUX
flr-37	371	16	be	be	AUX
flr-37	371	17	worthwhile	worthwhile	ADJ
flr-37	371	18	to	to	PART
flr-37	371	19	activate	activate	VERB
flr-37	371	20	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	371	21	’	'	PUNCT
flr-37	371	22	prior	prior	ADJ
flr-37	371	23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	371	24	of	of	ADP
flr-37	371	25	this	this	DET
flr-37	371	26	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	371	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	371	28	such	such	ADJ
flr-37	371	29	as	as	ADP
flr-37	371	30	the	the	DET
flr-37	371	31	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	371	32	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	371	33	irrelevance	irrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	371	34	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	371	35	they	they	PRON
flr-37	371	36	already	already	ADV
flr-37	371	37	use	use	VERB
flr-37	371	38	in	in	ADP
flr-37	371	39	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	371	40	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	372	1	when	when	SCONJ
flr-37	372	2	introducing	introduce	VERB
flr-37	372	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	372	4	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	372	5	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	372	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	372	7	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	372	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	372	9	or	or	CCONJ
flr-37	372	10	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
flr-37	372	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	372	12	it	it	PRON
flr-37	372	13	might	might	AUX
flr-37	372	14	be	be	AUX
flr-37	372	15	helpful	helpful	ADJ
flr-37	372	16	to	to	PART
flr-37	372	17	tell	tell	VERB
flr-37	372	18	students	student	NOUN
flr-37	372	19	that	that	SCONJ
flr-37	372	20	they	they	PRON
flr-37	372	21	already	already	ADV
flr-37	372	22	have	have	AUX
flr-37	372	23	used	use	VERB
flr-37	372	24	this	this	DET
flr-37	372	25	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	372	26	in	in	ADP
flr-37	372	27	other	other	ADJ
flr-37	372	28	contexts	context	NOUN
flr-37	372	29	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	372	30	explain	explain	VERB
flr-37	372	31	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	372	32	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	372	33	why	why	SCONJ
flr-37	372	34	it	it	PRON
flr-37	372	35	works	work	VERB
flr-37	372	36	in	in	ADP
flr-37	372	37	all	all	DET
flr-37	372	38	these	these	DET
flr-37	372	39	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	372	40	situations	situation	NOUN
flr-37	372	41	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	373	1	this	this	PRON
flr-37	373	2	then	then	ADV
flr-37	373	3	might	might	AUX
flr-37	373	4	help	help	VERB
flr-37	373	5	them	they	PRON
flr-37	373	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	373	7	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	373	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	373	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	373	10	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	373	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	373	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	373	13	more	more	ADV
flr-37	373	14	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	373	15	manner	manner	NOUN
flr-37	373	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	373	17	probably	probably	ADV
flr-37	373	18	also	also	ADV
flr-37	373	19	to	to	PART
flr-37	373	20	understand	understand	VERB
flr-37	373	21	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	373	22	properties	property	NOUN
flr-37	373	23	needed	need	VERB
flr-37	373	24	to	to	PART
flr-37	373	25	correctly	correctly	ADV
flr-37	373	26	apply	apply	VERB
flr-37	373	27	this	this	DET
flr-37	373	28	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	373	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	374	1	further	far	ADV
flr-37	374	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	374	3	it	it	PRON
flr-37	374	4	may	may	AUX
flr-37	374	5	help	help	VERB
flr-37	374	6	to	to	PART
flr-37	374	7	support	support	VERB
flr-37	374	8	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	374	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	374	10	recognizing	recognize	VERB
flr-37	374	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	374	12	consequences	consequence	NOUN
flr-37	374	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	374	14	using	use	VERB
flr-37	374	15	alternative	alternative	ADJ
flr-37	374	16	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	374	17	in	in	ADP
flr-37	374	18	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	374	19	to	to	PART
flr-37	374	20	ensure	ensure	VERB
flr-37	374	21	representational	representational	ADJ
flr-37	374	22	redescription	redescription	NOUN
flr-37	374	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	374	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
flr-37	374	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	374	26	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	374	27	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	374	28	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	374	29	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	374	30	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	374	31	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	374	32	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	375	1	keypoints	keypoint	NOUN
flr-37	375	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	375	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	375	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	375	5	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	375	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	375	7	increase	increase	NOUN
flr-37	375	8	with	with	ADP
flr-37	375	9	increasing	increase	VERB
flr-37	375	10	age	age	NOUN
flr-37	375	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	376	1	second	second	ADJ
flr-37	376	2	graders	grader	NOUN
flr-37	376	3	show	show	VERB
flr-37	376	4	no	no	DET
flr-37	376	5	signs	sign	NOUN
flr-37	376	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	376	7	an	an	DET
flr-37	376	8	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	376	9	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	376	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	376	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	376	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	377	1	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	377	2	signs	sign	NOUN
flr-37	377	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	377	4	an	an	DET
flr-37	377	5	integrated	integrate	VERB
flr-37	377	6	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	377	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	377	8	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	377	9	emerge	emerge	VERB
flr-37	377	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	377	11	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	377	12	three	three	NUM
flr-37	377	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	378	1	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN
flr-37	378	2	this	this	DET
flr-37	378	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	378	4	was	be	AUX
flr-37	378	5	supported	support	VERB
flr-37	378	6	by	by	ADP
flr-37	378	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	378	8	german	german	ADJ
flr-37	378	9	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	378	10	foundation	foundation	NOUN
flr-37	378	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	378	12	dfg	dfg	PROPN
flr-37	378	13	;	;	PUNCT
flr-37	378	14	hh1471/12	hh1471/12	NOUN
flr-37	378	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	378	16	1	1	NUM
flr-37	378	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	378	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	379	1	some	some	PRON
flr-37	379	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	379	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	379	4	results	result	NOUN
flr-37	379	5	were	be	AUX
flr-37	379	6	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	379	7	at	at	ADP
flr-37	379	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	379	9	kongress	kongress	PROPN
flr-37	379	10	der	der	PROPN
flr-37	379	11	deutschen	deutschen	PROPN
flr-37	379	12	gesellschaft	gesellschaft	PROPN
flr-37	379	13	für	für	PROPN
flr-37	379	14	psychologie	psychologie	PROPN
flr-37	379	15	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	379	16	in	in	ADP
flr-37	379	17	bremen	bremen	PROPN
flr-37	379	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	379	19	germany	germany	PROPN
flr-37	379	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	380	1	we	we	PRON
flr-37	380	2	thank	thank	VERB
flr-37	380	3	annette	annette	PROPN
flr-37	380	4	bräutigam	bräutigam	PROPN
flr-37	380	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	380	6	yvonne	yvonne	PROPN
flr-37	380	7	radermacher	radermacher	PROPN
flr-37	380	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	380	9	pia	pia	PROPN
flr-37	380	10	blase	blase	PROPN
flr-37	380	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	380	12	ester	ester	NOUN
flr-37	380	13	jung	jung	NOUN
flr-37	380	14	for	for	ADP
flr-37	380	15	help	help	NOUN
flr-37	380	16	with	with	ADP
flr-37	380	17	data	datum	NOUN
flr-37	380	18	collection	collection	NOUN
flr-37	380	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	381	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	381	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	381	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	381	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	381	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	381	6	18	18	NUM
flr-37	382	1	|	|	CCONJ
flr-37	382	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	382	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	382	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	382	5	references	reference	NOUN
flr-37	382	6	anderson	anderson	PROPN
flr-37	382	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	382	8	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	382	9	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	382	10	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	382	11	schunn	schunn	PROPN
flr-37	382	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	382	13	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	382	14	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	382	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	382	16	2000	2000	NUM
flr-37	382	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	382	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	383	1	implications	implication	NOUN
flr-37	383	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	383	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	383	4	act	act	NOUN
flr-37	383	5	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	383	6	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	383	7	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	383	8	theory	theory	NOUN
flr-37	383	9	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	383	10	no	no	DET
flr-37	383	11	magic	magic	ADJ
flr-37	383	12	bullets	bullet	NOUN
flr-37	383	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	384	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	384	2	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	384	3	glaser	glaser	PROPN
flr-37	384	4	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	384	5	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	384	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	384	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	384	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	384	9	advances	advance	VERB
flr-37	384	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	384	11	instructional	instructional	ADJ
flr-37	384	12	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	384	13	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	384	14	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	384	15	design	design	NOUN
flr-37	384	16	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	384	17	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	384	18	science	science	NOUN
flr-37	384	19	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	384	20	vol	vol	NOUN
flr-37	384	21	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	384	22	5	5	NUM
flr-37	384	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	384	24	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	384	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	385	1	1	1	NUM
flr-37	385	2	-	-	SYM
flr-37	385	3	33	33	NUM
flr-37	385	4	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	385	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	386	1	mahwah	mahwah	PROPN
flr-37	386	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	386	3	nj	nj	PROPN
flr-37	386	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	386	5	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
flr-37	386	6	erlbaum	erlbaum	PROPN
flr-37	386	7	associates	associate	NOUN
flr-37	386	8	publishers	publisher	NOUN
flr-37	386	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	387	1	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	387	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	387	3	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	387	4	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	387	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	387	6	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	387	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	387	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	388	1	more	more	ADV
flr-37	388	2	precisely	precisely	ADV
flr-37	388	3	defining	define	VERB
flr-37	388	4	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	388	5	measuring	measure	VERB
flr-37	388	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	388	7	order	order	NOUN
flr-37	388	8	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	388	9	irrelevance	irrelevance	NOUN
flr-37	388	10	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	388	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	389	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	389	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	389	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	389	4	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	389	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	389	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	389	7	38	38	NUM
flr-37	389	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	389	9	33	33	NUM
flr-37	389	10	-	-	SYM
flr-37	389	11	41	41	NUM
flr-37	389	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	390	1	doi:10.1016/0022	doi:10.1016/0022	NOUN
flr-37	390	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	390	3	0965(84)90017	0965(84)90017	NUM
flr-37	390	4	-	-	SYM
flr-37	390	5	1	1	NUM
flr-37	390	6	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	390	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	390	8	a.	a.	NOUN
flr-37	390	9	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	390	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	390	11	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	390	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	390	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	391	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	391	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	391	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	391	4	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	391	5	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	391	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	391	7	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
flr-37	391	8	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	391	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	391	10	integration	integration	NOUN
flr-37	391	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	391	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	391	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	391	14	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	391	15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	391	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	392	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	392	2	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	392	3	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	392	4	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	392	5	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	392	6	dowker	dowker	PROPN
flr-37	392	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	392	8	eds	ed	NOUN
flr-37	392	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	392	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	392	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	392	12	the	the	DET
flr-37	392	13	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	392	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	392	15	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	392	16	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	392	17	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	392	18	skills	skill	NOUN
flr-37	392	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	393	1	constructing	construct	VERB
flr-37	393	2	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	393	3	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	393	4	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	393	5	1st	1st	ADJ
flr-37	393	6	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	393	7	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	393	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	393	9	pp	pp	PROPN
flr-37	393	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	394	1	1–34	1–34	NUM
flr-37	394	2	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	394	3	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	395	1	mahwah	mahwah	PROPN
flr-37	395	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	395	3	nj	nj	PROPN
flr-37	395	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	395	5	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
flr-37	395	6	erlbaum	erlbaum	PROPN
flr-37	395	7	associate	associate	NOUN
flr-37	395	8	publishers	publisher	NOUN
flr-37	395	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	396	1	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	396	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	396	3	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	396	4	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	396	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	396	6	feil	feil	PROPN
flr-37	396	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	396	8	y.	y.	PROPN
flr-37	396	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	396	10	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	396	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	396	12	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	396	13	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	396	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	396	15	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	396	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	396	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	397	1	an	an	DET
flr-37	397	2	alternative	alternative	ADJ
flr-37	397	3	reconceptualization	reconceptualization	NOUN
flr-37	397	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	397	5	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	397	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	397	7	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	397	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	397	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	398	1	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	398	2	for	for	ADP
flr-37	398	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	398	4	in	in	ADP
flr-37	398	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
flr-37	398	6	education	education	NOUN
flr-37	398	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	398	8	38	38	NUM
flr-37	398	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	398	10	115	115	NUM
flr-37	398	11	-	-	SYM
flr-37	398	12	131	131	NUM
flr-37	398	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	399	1	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	399	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	399	3	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	399	4	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	399	5	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	399	6	gannon	gannon	PROPN
flr-37	399	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	399	8	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	399	9	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	399	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	399	11	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	399	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	399	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	400	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	400	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	400	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	400	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	400	5	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	400	6	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	400	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	400	8	economical	economical	ADJ
flr-37	400	9	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	400	10	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	400	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	401	1	cognition	cognition	NOUN
flr-37	401	2	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	401	3	instruction	instruction	NOUN
flr-37	401	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	401	5	1	1	NUM
flr-37	401	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	401	7	321	321	NUM
flr-37	401	8	-	-	SYM
flr-37	401	9	339	339	NUM
flr-37	401	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	401	11	doi:10.1207	doi:10.1207	PROPN
flr-37	401	12	/	/	SYM
flr-37	401	13	s1532690xci0103_3	s1532690xci0103_3	PROPN
flr-37	401	14	baroody	baroody	NOUN
flr-37	401	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	401	16	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	401	17	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	401	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	401	19	ginsburg	ginsburg	PROPN
flr-37	401	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	401	21	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	401	22	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	401	23	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	401	24	waxman	waxman	PROPN
flr-37	401	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	401	26	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	401	27	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	401	28	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	401	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	401	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	402	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	402	2	's	's	PART
flr-37	402	3	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	402	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	402	5	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	402	6	structure	structure	NOUN
flr-37	402	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	403	1	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	403	2	for	for	ADP
flr-37	403	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	403	4	in	in	ADP
flr-37	403	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
flr-37	403	6	education	education	NOUN
flr-37	403	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	403	8	14	14	NUM
flr-37	403	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	403	10	156	156	NUM
flr-37	403	11	-	-	SYM
flr-37	403	12	168	168	NUM
flr-37	403	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	404	1	doi:10.2307/748379	doi:10.2307/748379	NOUN
flr-37	404	2	baroody	baroody	PROPN
flr-37	404	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	404	4	a.j	a.j	PROPN
flr-37	404	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	404	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	404	7	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	404	8	rosu	rosu	PROPN
flr-37	404	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	404	10	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	404	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	404	12	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	404	13	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	404	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	405	1	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	405	2	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	405	3	with	with	ADP
flr-37	405	4	basic	basic	ADJ
flr-37	405	5	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	405	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	405	7	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	405	8	combinations	combination	NOUN
flr-37	405	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	405	10	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	405	11	sense	sense	NOUN
flr-37	405	12	view	view	NOUN
flr-37	405	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	406	1	paper	paper	NOUN
flr-37	406	2	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	406	3	at	at	ADP
flr-37	406	4	theannual	theannual	ADJ
flr-37	406	5	meeting	meeting	NOUN
flr-37	406	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	406	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	406	8	american	american	PROPN
flr-37	406	9	educational	educational	PROPN
flr-37	406	10	research	research	PROPN
flr-37	406	11	association	association	PROPN
flr-37	406	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	406	13	april	april	PROPN
flr-37	406	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	406	15	san	san	PROPN
flr-37	406	16	francisco	francisco	PROPN
flr-37	406	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	406	18	ca	ca	PROPN
flr-37	406	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	406	20	bisanz	bisanz	PROPN
flr-37	406	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	406	22	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	406	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	406	24	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	406	25	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	406	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	406	27	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	406	28	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	406	29	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	406	30	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	406	31	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	407	1	understanding	understand	VERB
flr-37	407	2	elementary	elementary	ADJ
flr-37	407	3	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	407	4	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	408	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	408	2	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	408	3	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	408	4	campbell	campbell	PROPN
flr-37	408	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	408	6	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	408	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	408	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	408	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	408	10	the	the	DET
flr-37	408	11	nature	nature	NOUN
flr-37	408	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	408	13	origins	origin	NOUN
flr-37	408	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	408	15	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	408	16	skills	skill	NOUN
flr-37	408	17	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	408	18	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	408	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	408	20	113	113	NUM
flr-37	408	21	-	-	SYM
flr-37	408	22	136	136	NUM
flr-37	408	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	408	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	409	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
flr-37	409	2	england	england	PROPN
flr-37	409	3	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	409	4	north	north	PROPN
flr-37	409	5	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	409	6	holland	holland	PROPN
flr-37	409	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	410	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	410	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	410	3	s0166	s0166	PROPN
flr-37	410	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	410	5	4115(08)60885	4115(08)60885	NOUN
flr-37	410	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	410	7	7	7	NUM
flr-37	410	8	bisanz	bisanz	NOUN
flr-37	410	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	10	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	410	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	12	watchorn	watchorn	NOUN
flr-37	410	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	14	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	410	15	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	410	16	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	410	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	18	piatt	piatt	PROPN
flr-37	410	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	20	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	410	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	22	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	410	23	sherman	sherman	PROPN
flr-37	410	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	410	25	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	410	26	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	410	27	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	410	28	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	410	29	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	411	1	on	on	ADP
flr-37	411	2	“	"	PUNCT
flr-37	411	3	understanding	understand	VERB
flr-37	411	4	”	"	PUNCT
flr-37	411	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	411	6	's	's	PART
flr-37	411	7	developing	develop	VERB
flr-37	411	8	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	411	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	411	10	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	411	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	412	1	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	412	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
flr-37	412	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	412	4	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	412	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	412	6	11	11	NUM
flr-37	412	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	412	8	10–24	10–24	NUM
flr-37	412	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	413	1	doi:10.1080/10986060802583907	doi:10.1080/10986060802583907	PROPN
flr-37	413	2	briars	briars	PROPN
flr-37	413	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	413	4	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	413	5	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	413	6	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	413	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	413	8	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	413	9	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	413	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	413	11	1984	1984	NUM
flr-37	413	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	413	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	414	1	a	a	DET
flr-37	414	2	featural	featural	ADJ
flr-37	414	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	414	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	414	5	preschoolers	preschooler	NOUN
flr-37	414	6	'	'	PART
flr-37	414	7	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	414	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	414	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	415	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	415	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	415	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	415	4	20	20	NUM
flr-37	415	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	415	6	607	607	NUM
flr-37	415	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	415	8	618	618	NUM
flr-37	415	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	416	1	doi:10.1037/0012	doi:10.1037/0012	ADJ
flr-37	416	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	416	3	1649.20.4.607	1649.20.4.607	VERB
flr-37	416	4	canobi	canobi	NOUN
flr-37	416	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	416	6	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	416	7	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	416	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	416	9	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	416	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	416	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	417	1	individual	individual	ADJ
flr-37	417	2	differences	difference	NOUN
flr-37	417	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	417	4	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	417	5	's	's	PART
flr-37	417	6	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	417	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	417	8	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	417	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	417	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	418	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	418	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	418	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	418	4	19	19	NUM
flr-37	418	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	418	6	81	81	NUM
flr-37	418	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	418	8	93	93	NUM
flr-37	418	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	419	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	419	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	419	3	j.cogdev.2003.10.001	j.cogdev.2003.10.001	PROPN
flr-37	419	4	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	419	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	419	6	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	419	7	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	419	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	419	9	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	419	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	419	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	420	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	420	2	's	's	PART
flr-37	420	3	profiles	profile	NOUN
flr-37	420	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	420	5	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	420	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	420	7	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	420	8	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	420	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	421	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	421	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	421	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	421	4	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	421	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	421	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	421	7	92	92	NUM
flr-37	421	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	421	9	220	220	NUM
flr-37	421	10	-	-	SYM
flr-37	421	11	246	246	NUM
flr-37	421	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	422	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	422	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	422	3	j.jecp.2005.06.001	j.jecp.2005.06.001	PROPN
flr-37	422	4	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	422	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	422	6	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	422	7	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	422	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	422	9	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	422	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	422	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	423	1	concept	concept	NOUN
flr-37	423	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	423	3	procedure	procedure	NOUN
flr-37	423	4	interactions	interaction	NOUN
flr-37	423	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	423	6	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	423	7	's	's	PART
flr-37	423	8	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	423	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	423	10	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	423	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	424	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	424	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	424	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	424	4	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	424	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	424	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	424	7	102(2	102(2	NUM
flr-37	424	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	424	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	424	10	131	131	NUM
flr-37	424	11	-	-	SYM
flr-37	424	12	149	149	NUM
flr-37	424	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	425	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	425	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	425	3	j.jecp.2008.07.008	j.jecp.2008.07.008	PROPN
flr-37	425	4	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	425	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	425	6	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	425	7	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	425	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	425	9	reeve	reeve	PROPN
flr-37	425	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	425	11	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	425	12	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	425	13	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	425	14	pattison	pattison	PROPN
flr-37	425	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	425	16	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	425	17	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	426	1	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	426	2	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	426	3	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	426	4	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	427	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	427	2	role	role	NOUN
flr-37	427	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	427	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	427	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	427	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	427	7	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	427	8	's	's	PART
flr-37	427	9	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	427	10	problem	problem	NOUN
flr-37	427	11	solving	solve	VERB
flr-37	427	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	428	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	428	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	428	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	428	4	34	34	NUM
flr-37	428	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	428	6	882	882	NUM
flr-37	428	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	428	8	891	891	NUM
flr-37	428	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	428	10	doi:10.1080/01443410903473597	doi:10.1080/01443410903473597	PROPN
flr-37	428	11	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	428	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	428	13	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	428	14	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	428	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	428	16	reeve	reeve	PROPN
flr-37	428	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	428	18	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	428	19	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	428	20	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	428	21	pattison	pattison	PROPN
flr-37	428	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	428	23	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	428	24	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	429	1	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	429	2	2002	2002	NUM
flr-37	429	3	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	429	4	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	430	1	young	young	ADJ
flr-37	430	2	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	430	3	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	430	4	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	430	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	430	6	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	430	7	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	430	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	431	1	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	431	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	431	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	431	4	22	22	NUM
flr-37	431	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	431	6	513	513	NUM
flr-37	431	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	431	8	532	532	NUM
flr-37	431	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	432	1	doi:10.1080/0144341022000023608	doi:10.1080/0144341022000023608	NOUN
flr-37	432	2	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	432	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	432	4	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	432	5	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	432	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	432	7	reeve	reeve	PROPN
flr-37	432	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	432	9	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	432	10	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	432	11	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	432	12	pattison	pattison	PROPN
flr-37	432	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	432	14	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	432	15	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	432	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	432	17	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	432	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	432	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	433	1	patterns	pattern	NOUN
flr-37	433	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	433	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	433	4	in	in	ADP
flr-37	433	5	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	433	6	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	433	7	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	433	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	434	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	434	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	434	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	434	4	39	39	NUM
flr-37	434	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	434	6	521–534	521–534	NUM
flr-37	434	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	435	1	doi:10.1037/0012	doi:10.1037/0012	ADJ
flr-37	435	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	435	3	1649.39.3.521	1649.39.3.521	NUM
flr-37	435	4	cowan	cowan	PROPN
flr-37	435	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	435	6	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	435	7	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	435	8	renton	renton	PROPN
flr-37	435	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	435	10	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	435	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	435	12	1996	1996	NUM
flr-37	435	13	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	435	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	436	1	do	do	AUX
flr-37	436	2	they	they	PRON
flr-37	436	3	know	know	VERB
flr-37	436	4	what	what	PRON
flr-37	436	5	they	they	PRON
flr-37	436	6	are	be	AUX
flr-37	436	7	doing	do	VERB
flr-37	436	8	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	437	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	437	2	's	's	PART
flr-37	437	3	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	437	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	437	5	economical	economical	ADJ
flr-37	437	6	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	437	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	437	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	437	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	437	10	of	of	ADP
flr-37	437	11	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	437	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	438	1	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	438	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	438	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	438	4	16	16	NUM
flr-37	438	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	438	6	407	407	NUM
flr-37	438	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	438	8	420	420	NUM
flr-37	438	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	439	1	doi:10.1080/0144341960160405	doi:10.1080/0144341960160405	X
flr-37	439	2	farrington	farrington	PROPN
flr-37	439	3	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	439	4	flint	flint	PROPN
flr-37	439	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	439	6	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	439	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	439	8	canobi	canobi	PROPN
flr-37	439	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	439	10	k.h	k.h	PROPN
flr-37	439	11	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	439	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	439	13	wood	wood	PROPN
flr-37	439	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	439	15	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	439	16	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	439	17	faulkner	faulkner	PROPN
flr-37	439	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	439	19	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	439	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	439	21	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	439	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	439	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	440	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	440	2	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	440	3	patterns	pattern	NOUN
flr-37	440	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	440	5	reasoning	reason	VERB
flr-37	440	6	about	about	ADP
flr-37	440	7	reading	reading	NOUN
flr-37	440	8	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	440	9	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	440	10	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	440	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	441	1	british	british	ADJ
flr-37	441	2	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	441	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	441	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	441	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	441	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	441	7	28	28	NUM
flr-37	441	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	441	9	427–448	427–448	NUM
flr-37	441	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	441	11	doi:10.1348/026151009x424222	doi:10.1348/026151009x424222	NOUN
flr-37	441	12	frensch	frensch	PROPN
flr-37	441	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	441	14	p.	p.	NOUN
flr-37	441	15	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	441	16	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	441	17	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	441	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	441	19	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	441	20	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	441	21	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	441	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	441	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	442	1	transfer	transfer	NOUN
flr-37	442	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	442	3	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	442	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	442	5	the	the	DET
flr-37	442	6	search	search	NOUN
flr-37	442	7	for	for	ADP
flr-37	442	8	identical	identical	ADJ
flr-37	442	9	elements	element	NOUN
flr-37	442	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	443	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	443	2	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	443	3	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	443	4	roediger	roediger	PROPN
flr-37	443	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	443	6	iii	iii	X
flr-37	443	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	443	8	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	443	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	443	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	443	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	443	12	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	443	13	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	443	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	443	15	memory	memory	NOUN
flr-37	443	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	444	1	vol	vol	NOUN
flr-37	444	2	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	445	1	[	[	X
flr-37	445	2	2	2	NUM
flr-37	445	3	]	]	PUNCT
flr-37	445	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	445	5	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	445	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	445	7	memory	memory	NOUN
flr-37	445	8	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	445	9	a	a	DET
flr-37	445	10	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
flr-37	445	11	reference	reference	NOUN
flr-37	445	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	445	13	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	445	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	446	1	579	579	NUM
flr-37	446	2	-	-	SYM
flr-37	446	3	596	596	NUM
flr-37	446	4	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	446	5	oxford	oxford	NOUN
flr-37	446	6	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	446	7	elsevier	elsevier	PROPN
flr-37	446	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	447	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	447	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	447	3	b978	b978	PROPN
flr-37	447	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	447	5	012370509	012370509	NUM
flr-37	447	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	447	7	9.00177	9.00177	NUM
flr-37	447	8	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	447	9	7	7	NUM
flr-37	447	10	fuson	fuson	PROPN
flr-37	447	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	447	12	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	447	13	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	447	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	447	15	1988	1988	NUM
flr-37	447	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	447	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	448	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	448	2	's	's	PART
flr-37	448	3	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	448	4	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	448	5	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	448	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	448	7	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	448	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	449	1	new	new	PROPN
flr-37	449	2	york	york	PROPN
flr-37	449	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	449	4	ny	ny	PROPN
flr-37	449	5	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	449	6	springer	springer	NOUN
flr-37	449	7	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	449	8	verlag	verlag	PROPN
flr-37	449	9	publishing	publishing	NOUN
flr-37	449	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	450	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	450	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	450	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	450	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	450	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	450	6	19	19	NUM
flr-37	451	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	451	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	451	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	451	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	451	5	gaschler	gaschler	NOUN
flr-37	451	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	7	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	451	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	9	vaterrodt	vaterrodt	PROPN
flr-37	451	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	11	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	451	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	13	frensch	frensch	X
flr-37	451	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	15	p.	p.	NOUN
flr-37	451	16	a.	a.	NOUN
flr-37	451	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	18	eichler	eichler	NOUN
flr-37	451	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	20	a.	a.	NOUN
flr-37	451	21	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	451	22	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	451	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	451	24	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	451	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	451	26	2013	2013	NUM
flr-37	451	27	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	451	28	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	452	1	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	452	2	usage	usage	NOUN
flr-37	452	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	452	4	different	different	ADJ
flr-37	452	5	shortcuts	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	452	6	based	base	VERB
flr-37	452	7	on	on	ADP
flr-37	452	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	452	9	commutativity	commutativity	NOUN
flr-37	452	10	principle	principle	NOUN
flr-37	452	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	453	1	plos	plos	PROPN
flr-37	453	2	one	one	NUM
flr-37	453	3	8(9	8(9	NUM
flr-37	453	4	):	):	PUNCT
flr-37	453	5	e74972	e74972	PROPN
flr-37	453	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	453	7	doi:10.1371	doi:10.1371	PROPN
flr-37	453	8	/	/	SYM
flr-37	454	1	journal.pone.0074972	journal.pone.0074972	PROPN
flr-37	454	2	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	454	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	454	4	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	454	5	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	454	6	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	454	7	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	454	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	454	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	455	1	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	455	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	455	3	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	455	4	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	455	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	456	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	456	2	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	456	3	damon	damon	PROPN
flr-37	456	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	456	5	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	456	6	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	456	7	lerner	lerner	PROPN
flr-37	456	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	456	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	456	10	n.	n.	PROPN
flr-37	456	11	eisenberg	eisenberg	PROPN
flr-37	456	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	456	13	eds	eds	PROPN
flr-37	456	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	456	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	456	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	456	17	handbook	handbook	NOUN
flr-37	456	18	of	of	ADP
flr-37	456	19	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	456	20	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	456	21	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	456	22	social	social	ADJ
flr-37	456	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	456	24	emotional	emotional	ADJ
flr-37	456	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	456	26	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	456	27	personality	personality	NOUN
flr-37	456	28	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	456	29	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	456	30	vol	vol	NOUN
flr-37	456	31	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	456	32	3	3	NUM
flr-37	456	33	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	456	34	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	456	35	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	457	1	777–810	777–810	NUM
flr-37	457	2	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	457	3	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	458	1	john	john	PROPN
flr-37	458	2	wiley	wiley	PROPN
flr-37	458	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	458	4	sons	son	NOUN
flr-37	458	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	459	1	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	459	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	3	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	459	4	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	459	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	6	boykin	boykin	PROPN
flr-37	459	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	8	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	459	9	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	459	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	11	embretson	embretson	PROPN
flr-37	459	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	13	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	459	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	15	reyna	reyna	NOUN
flr-37	459	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	17	v.	v.	PROPN
flr-37	459	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	19	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	459	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	21	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	459	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	23	berch	berch	PROPN
flr-37	459	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	25	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	459	26	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	459	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	459	28	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	459	29	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	459	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	459	31	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	459	32	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	459	33	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	459	34	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	460	1	report	report	NOUN
flr-37	460	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	460	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	460	4	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	460	5	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	460	6	on	on	ADP
flr-37	460	7	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	460	8	processes	process	NOUN
flr-37	460	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	461	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	461	2	national	national	ADJ
flr-37	461	3	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
flr-37	461	4	advisory	advisory	ADJ
flr-37	461	5	panel	panel	NOUN
flr-37	461	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	461	7	reports	report	NOUN
flr-37	461	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	461	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	461	10	task	task	NOUN
flr-37	461	11	groups	group	NOUN
flr-37	461	12	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	461	13	subcommittees	subcommittee	NOUN
flr-37	461	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	461	15	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	461	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	462	1	4	4	NUM
flr-37	462	2	-	-	SYM
flr-37	462	3	1–4	1–4	NUM
flr-37	462	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	462	5	211	211	NUM
flr-37	462	6	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	462	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	463	1	geary	geary	PROPN
flr-37	463	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	463	3	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	463	4	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	463	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	463	6	brown	brown	PROPN
flr-37	463	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	463	8	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	463	9	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	463	10	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	463	11	samaranayake	samaranayake	PROPN
flr-37	463	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	463	13	v.	v.	ADP
flr-37	463	14	a.	a.	NOUN
flr-37	463	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	463	16	1991	1991	NUM
flr-37	463	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	463	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	464	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	464	2	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	464	3	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	464	4	a	a	DET
flr-37	464	5	short	short	ADJ
flr-37	464	6	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
flr-37	464	7	study	study	NOUN
flr-37	464	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	464	9	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	464	10	choice	choice	NOUN
flr-37	464	11	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	464	12	speed	speed	NOUN
flr-37	464	13	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	464	14	of	of	ADP
flr-37	464	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	464	16	processing	processing	NOUN
flr-37	464	17	differences	difference	NOUN
flr-37	464	18	in	in	ADP
flr-37	464	19	normal	normal	ADJ
flr-37	464	20	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	464	21	mathematically	mathematically	ADV
flr-37	464	22	disabled	disabled	ADJ
flr-37	464	23	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	464	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	465	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	465	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	465	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	465	4	27	27	NUM
flr-37	465	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	465	6	787	787	NUM
flr-37	465	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	465	8	797	797	NUM
flr-37	465	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	466	1	doi:10.1037/0012	doi:10.1037/0012	ADJ
flr-37	466	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	466	3	1649.27.5.787	1649.27.5.787	PROPN
flr-37	466	4	geary	geary	NOUN
flr-37	466	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	466	6	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	466	7	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	466	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	466	9	hoard	hoard	NOUN
flr-37	466	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	466	11	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	466	12	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	466	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	466	14	byrd	byrd	PROPN
flr-37	466	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	466	16	craven	craven	NOUN
flr-37	466	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	466	18	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	466	19	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	466	20	desoto	desoto	PROPN
flr-37	466	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	466	22	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	466	23	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	466	24	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	466	25	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	466	26	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	466	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	467	1	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	467	2	choices	choice	NOUN
flr-37	467	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	467	4	simple	simple	ADJ
flr-37	467	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	467	6	complex	complex	ADJ
flr-37	467	7	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	467	8	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	468	1	contributions	contribution	NOUN
flr-37	468	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	468	3	working	working	NOUN
flr-37	468	4	memory	memory	NOUN
flr-37	468	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	468	6	counting	count	VERB
flr-37	468	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	468	8	for	for	ADP
flr-37	468	9	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	468	10	with	with	ADP
flr-37	468	11	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	468	12	disability	disability	NOUN
flr-37	468	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	469	1	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	469	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	469	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	469	4	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	469	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	469	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	469	7	88	88	NUM
flr-37	469	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	469	9	121–151	121–151	NUM
flr-37	469	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	470	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	470	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	470	3	j.jecp.2004.03.002	j.jecp.2004.03.002	PROPN
flr-37	470	4	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	470	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	470	6	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	470	7	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	470	8	1990	1990	NUM
flr-37	470	9	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	470	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	471	1	first	first	ADJ
flr-37	471	2	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	471	3	organize	organize	VERB
flr-37	471	4	attention	attention	NOUN
flr-37	471	5	to	to	ADP
flr-37	471	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	471	7	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	471	8	about	about	ADP
flr-37	471	9	relevant	relevant	ADJ
flr-37	471	10	data	datum	NOUN
flr-37	471	11	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	471	12	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	471	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	471	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	471	15	animate	animate	ADJ
flr-37	471	16	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	471	17	inanimate	inanimate	NOUN
flr-37	471	18	distinction	distinction	NOUN
flr-37	471	19	as	as	ADP
flr-37	471	20	examples	example	NOUN
flr-37	471	21	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	472	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	472	2	science	science	NOUN
flr-37	472	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	472	4	14	14	NUM
flr-37	472	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	472	6	79	79	NUM
flr-37	472	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	472	8	106	106	NUM
flr-37	472	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	473	1	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	473	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	473	3	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	473	4	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	473	5	gallistel	gallistel	PROPN
flr-37	473	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	473	7	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	473	8	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	473	9	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	473	10	1978	1978	NUM
flr-37	473	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	473	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	474	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	474	2	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	474	3	's	's	PART
flr-37	474	4	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	474	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	474	6	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	474	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	475	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	475	2	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	476	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
flr-37	476	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	476	3	ma	ma	PROPN
flr-37	476	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	476	5	harvard	harvard	PROPN
flr-37	476	6	university	university	PROPN
flr-37	476	7	press	press	NOUN
flr-37	476	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	477	1	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	477	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	477	3	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	477	4	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	477	5	meck	meck	PROPN
flr-37	477	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	477	7	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	477	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	477	9	1983	1983	NUM
flr-37	477	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	477	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	478	1	preschoolers	preschooler	NOUN
flr-37	478	2	'	'	PART
flr-37	478	3	counting	counting	NOUN
flr-37	478	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	478	5	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	478	6	before	before	ADP
flr-37	478	7	skill	skill	NOUN
flr-37	478	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	479	1	cognition	cognition	NOUN
flr-37	479	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	479	3	13	13	NUM
flr-37	479	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	479	5	343	343	NUM
flr-37	479	6	-	-	SYM
flr-37	479	7	359	359	NUM
flr-37	479	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	480	1	doi:10.1016/0010	doi:10.1016/0010	VERB
flr-37	480	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	480	3	0277(83)90014	0277(83)90014	NUM
flr-37	480	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	480	5	8	8	NUM
flr-37	480	6	gentner	gentner	NOUN
flr-37	480	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	480	8	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	480	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	480	10	toupin	toupin	PROPN
flr-37	480	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	480	12	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	480	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	480	14	1986	1986	NUM
flr-37	480	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	480	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	481	1	systematicity	systematicity	NOUN
flr-37	481	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	481	3	surface	surface	NOUN
flr-37	481	4	similarity	similarity	NOUN
flr-37	481	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	481	6	the	the	DET
flr-37	481	7	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	481	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	481	9	analogy	analogy	NOUN
flr-37	481	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	482	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	482	2	science	science	NOUN
flr-37	482	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	4	10	10	NUM
flr-37	482	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	6	277	277	NUM
flr-37	482	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	482	8	300	300	NUM
flr-37	482	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	482	10	doi:10.1207	doi:10.1207	PROPN
flr-37	482	11	/	/	SYM
flr-37	482	12	s15516709cog1003_2	s15516709cog1003_2	NOUN
flr-37	482	13	godau	godau	NOUN
flr-37	482	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	15	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	482	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	17	wirth	wirth	PROPN
flr-37	482	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	19	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	482	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	21	hansen	hansen	PROPN
flr-37	482	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	23	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	482	24	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	25	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	482	26	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	27	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	482	28	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	29	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	482	30	gaschler	gaschler	NOUN
flr-37	482	31	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	482	32	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	482	33	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	482	34	in	in	ADP
flr-37	482	35	press	press	NOUN
flr-37	482	36	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	482	37	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	483	1	from	from	ADP
flr-37	483	2	marbles	marble	NOUN
flr-37	483	3	to	to	ADP
flr-37	483	4	numbers	number	NOUN
flr-37	483	5	estimation	estimation	NOUN
flr-37	483	6	influences	influence	VERB
flr-37	483	7	looking	look	VERB
flr-37	483	8	patterns	pattern	NOUN
flr-37	483	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	483	10	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	483	11	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	483	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	484	1	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	484	2	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	485	1	goldman	goldman	PROPN
flr-37	485	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	485	3	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	485	4	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	485	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	485	6	mertz	mertz	PROPN
flr-37	485	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	485	8	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	485	9	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	485	10	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	485	11	pellegrino	pellegrino	PROPN
flr-37	485	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	485	13	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	485	14	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	485	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	485	16	1989	1989	NUM
flr-37	485	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	485	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	486	1	individual	individual	ADJ
flr-37	486	2	differences	difference	NOUN
flr-37	486	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	486	4	extended	extended	ADJ
flr-37	486	5	practice	practice	NOUN
flr-37	486	6	functions	function	NOUN
flr-37	486	7	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	486	8	solution	solution	NOUN
flr-37	486	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	486	10	for	for	ADP
flr-37	486	11	basic	basic	ADJ
flr-37	486	12	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	486	13	facts	fact	NOUN
flr-37	486	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	487	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	487	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	487	3	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	487	4	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	487	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	487	6	81	81	NUM
flr-37	487	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	487	8	481	481	NUM
flr-37	487	9	-	-	SYM
flr-37	487	10	496	496	NUM
flr-37	487	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	488	1	doi:10.1037/0022	doi:10.1037/0022	NOUN
flr-37	488	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	488	3	0663.81.4.481	0663.81.4.481	NUM
flr-37	488	4	goldstone	goldstone	NOUN
flr-37	488	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	488	6	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	488	7	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	488	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	488	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	488	10	sakamoto	sakamoto	PROPN
flr-37	488	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	488	12	y.	y.	PROPN
flr-37	488	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	488	14	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	488	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	488	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	489	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	489	2	transfer	transfer	NOUN
flr-37	489	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	489	4	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	489	5	principles	principle	NOUN
flr-37	489	6	governing	govern	VERB
flr-37	489	7	complex	complex	ADJ
flr-37	489	8	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	489	9	systems	system	NOUN
flr-37	489	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	490	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	490	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	490	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	490	4	46	46	NUM
flr-37	490	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	490	6	414	414	NUM
flr-37	490	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	490	8	466	466	NUM
flr-37	490	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	491	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	491	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	491	3	s0010	s0010	PROPN
flr-37	491	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	491	5	0285(02)00519	0285(02)00519	NOUN
flr-37	491	6	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	491	7	4	4	NUM
flr-37	491	8	haider	haider	NOUN
flr-37	491	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	491	10	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	491	11	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	491	12	frensch	frensch	PROPN
flr-37	491	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	491	14	p.	p.	NOUN
flr-37	491	15	a.	a.	NOUN
flr-37	491	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	491	17	1996	1996	NUM
flr-37	491	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	491	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	492	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	492	2	role	role	NOUN
flr-37	492	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	492	4	information	information	NOUN
flr-37	492	5	reduction	reduction	NOUN
flr-37	492	6	in	in	ADP
flr-37	492	7	skill	skill	NOUN
flr-37	492	8	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
flr-37	492	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	493	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	493	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	493	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	493	4	30	30	NUM
flr-37	493	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	493	6	304	304	NUM
flr-37	493	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	493	8	337	337	NUM
flr-37	493	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	494	1	doi:10.1006	doi:10.1006	PROPN
flr-37	494	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	494	3	cogp.1996.0009	cogp.1996.0009	NUM
flr-37	494	4	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	494	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	494	6	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	494	7	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	494	8	rose	rise	VERB
flr-37	494	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	494	10	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	494	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	494	12	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	494	13	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	494	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	495	1	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	495	2	to	to	PART
flr-37	495	3	investigate	investigate	VERB
flr-37	495	4	insight	insight	NOUN
flr-37	495	5	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	495	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	495	7	proposal	proposal	NOUN
flr-37	495	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	496	1	methods	method	NOUN
flr-37	496	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	496	3	42	42	NUM
flr-37	496	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	496	5	49–57	49–57	NUM
flr-37	496	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	497	1	doi	doi	NOUN
flr-37	497	2	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	497	3	10.1016	10.1016	NUM
flr-37	497	4	/	/	SYM
flr-37	497	5	j.ymeth.2006.12.004	j.ymeth.2006.12.004	PROPN
flr-37	497	6	hannula	hannula	PROPN
flr-37	497	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	497	8	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	497	9	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	497	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	497	11	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	497	12	lehtinen	lehtinen	PROPN
flr-37	497	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	497	14	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	497	15	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	497	16	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	497	17	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	497	18	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	498	1	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	498	2	focusing	focus	VERB
flr-37	498	3	on	on	ADP
flr-37	498	4	numerosity	numerosity	NOUN
flr-37	498	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	498	6	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	498	7	skills	skill	NOUN
flr-37	498	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	498	9	young	young	ADJ
flr-37	498	10	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	498	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	499	1	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	499	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	499	3	instruction	instruction	NOUN
flr-37	499	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	5	15	15	NUM
flr-37	499	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	7	237	237	NUM
flr-37	499	8	-	-	SYM
flr-37	499	9	256	256	NUM
flr-37	499	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	499	11	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	499	12	/	/	SYM
flr-37	499	13	j.learninstruc.2005.04.005	j.learninstruc.2005.04.005	PROPN
flr-37	499	14	hannula	hannula	PROPN
flr-37	499	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	16	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	499	17	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	499	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	19	lepola	lepola	PROPN
flr-37	499	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	21	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	499	22	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	23	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	499	24	lehtinen	lehtinen	PROPN
flr-37	499	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	499	26	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	499	27	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	499	28	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	499	29	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	499	30	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	500	1	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	500	2	focusing	focus	VERB
flr-37	500	3	on	on	ADP
flr-37	500	4	numerosity	numerosity	NOUN
flr-37	500	5	as	as	ADP
flr-37	500	6	a	a	DET
flr-37	500	7	domainspecific	domainspecific	ADJ
flr-37	500	8	predictor	predictor	NOUN
flr-37	500	9	of	of	ADP
flr-37	500	10	arithmetical	arithmetical	ADJ
flr-37	500	11	skills	skill	NOUN
flr-37	500	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	501	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	501	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	501	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	501	4	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	501	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	501	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	501	7	107	107	NUM
flr-37	501	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	501	9	394	394	NUM
flr-37	501	10	-	-	SYM
flr-37	501	11	406	406	NUM
flr-37	501	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	502	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	502	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	502	3	j.jecp.2010.06.004	j.jecp.2010.06.004	PROPN
flr-37	502	4	hiebert	hiebert	NOUN
flr-37	502	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	502	6	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	502	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	502	8	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	502	9	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	502	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	502	11	p.	p.	NOUN
flr-37	502	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	502	13	1986	1986	NUM
flr-37	502	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	502	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	503	1	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	503	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	503	3	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	503	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	503	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	503	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	503	7	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	503	8	an	an	DET
flr-37	503	9	introductory	introductory	ADJ
flr-37	503	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	503	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	504	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	504	2	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	504	3	hiebert	hiebert	PROPN
flr-37	504	4	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	504	5	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	504	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	504	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	504	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	504	9	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	504	10	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	504	11	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	504	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	504	13	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	504	14	the	the	DET
flr-37	504	15	case	case	NOUN
flr-37	504	16	of	of	ADP
flr-37	504	17	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	504	18	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	504	19	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	504	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	504	21	127	127	NUM
flr-37	504	22	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	504	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	505	1	hillsdale	hillsdale	PROPN
flr-37	505	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	505	3	nj	nj	PROPN
flr-37	505	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	505	5	erlbaum	erlbaum	PROPN
flr-37	505	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	506	1	kaminski	kaminski	PROPN
flr-37	506	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	506	3	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	506	4	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	506	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	506	6	sloutsky	sloutsky	PROPN
flr-37	506	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	506	8	v.	v.	ADP
flr-37	506	9	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	506	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	506	11	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	506	12	heckler	heckler	NOUN
flr-37	506	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	506	14	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	506	15	f.	f.	PROPN
flr-37	506	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	506	17	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	506	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	506	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	507	1	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	507	2	theory	theory	NOUN
flr-37	507	3	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	507	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	507	5	advantage	advantage	NOUN
flr-37	507	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	507	7	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	507	8	examples	example	NOUN
flr-37	507	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	507	10	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	507	11	math	math	NOUN
flr-37	507	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	508	1	science	science	NOUN
flr-37	508	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	508	3	320	320	NUM
flr-37	508	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	508	5	454–455	454–455	NUM
flr-37	508	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	509	1	koedinger	koedinger	PROPN
flr-37	509	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	509	3	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	509	4	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	509	5	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	509	6	anderson	anderson	PROPN
flr-37	509	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	509	8	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	509	9	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	509	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	509	11	1990	1990	NUM
flr-37	509	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	509	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	510	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
flr-37	510	2	planning	planning	NOUN
flr-37	510	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	510	4	perceptual	perceptual	ADJ
flr-37	510	5	chunks	chunk	NOUN
flr-37	510	6	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	510	7	elements	element	NOUN
flr-37	510	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	510	9	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	510	10	in	in	ADP
flr-37	510	11	geometry	geometry	NOUN
flr-37	510	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	511	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	511	2	science	science	NOUN
flr-37	511	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	511	4	14	14	NUM
flr-37	511	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	511	6	511	511	NUM
flr-37	511	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	511	8	550	550	NUM
flr-37	511	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	512	1	doi:10.1207	doi:10.1207	PROPN
flr-37	512	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	512	3	s15516709cog1404_2	s15516709cog1404_2	PROPN
flr-37	512	4	kuhn	kuhn	PROPN
flr-37	512	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	6	d.	d.	PROPN
flr-37	512	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	8	garcia	garcia	PROPN
flr-37	512	9	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	512	10	mila	mila	PROPN
flr-37	512	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	12	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	512	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	14	zohar	zohar	PROPN
flr-37	512	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	16	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	512	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	18	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	512	19	andersen	andersen	PROPN
flr-37	512	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	512	21	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	512	22	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	512	23	1995	1995	NUM
flr-37	512	24	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	512	25	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	513	1	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	513	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	513	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	513	4	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
flr-37	513	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	514	1	society	society	NOUN
flr-37	514	2	for	for	ADP
flr-37	514	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	514	4	in	in	ADP
flr-37	514	5	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	514	6	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	514	7	monographs	monograph	NOUN
flr-37	514	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	514	9	60	60	NUM
flr-37	514	10	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	514	11	4	4	NUM
flr-37	514	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	514	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	514	14	serial	serial	ADJ
flr-37	514	15	no	no	NOUN
flr-37	514	16	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	515	1	245	245	NUM
flr-37	515	2	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	516	1	lefevre	lefevre	PROPN
flr-37	516	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	3	j.-a	j.-a	PROPN
flr-37	516	4	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	516	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	6	smith	smith	NOUN
flr-37	516	7	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	516	8	chant	chant	PROPN
flr-37	516	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	10	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	516	11	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	516	12	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	13	fast	fast	ADV
flr-37	516	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	15	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	516	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	17	skwarchuk	skwarchuk	NOUN
flr-37	516	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	19	s.-l	s.-l	NOUN
flr-37	516	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	516	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	22	sargla	sargla	PROPN
flr-37	516	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	24	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	516	25	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	26	arnup	arnup	PROPN
flr-37	516	27	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	28	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	516	29	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	516	30	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	516	31	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	516	32	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	516	33	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	516	34	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	516	35	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	516	36	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	516	37	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	517	1	what	what	PRON
flr-37	517	2	counts	count	VERB
flr-37	517	3	as	as	ADP
flr-37	517	4	knowing	know	VERB
flr-37	517	5	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	518	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	518	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	518	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	518	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	518	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	518	6	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	518	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	518	8	of	of	ADP
flr-37	518	9	counting	count	VERB
flr-37	518	10	from	from	ADP
flr-37	518	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
flr-37	518	12	through	through	ADP
flr-37	518	13	grade	grade	NOUN
flr-37	518	14	2	2	NUM
flr-37	518	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	518	16	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	518	17	of	of	ADP
flr-37	518	18	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	518	19	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	518	20	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	518	21	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	518	22	93	93	NUM
flr-37	518	23	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	518	24	285	285	NUM
flr-37	518	25	-	-	SYM
flr-37	518	26	303	303	NUM
flr-37	518	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	518	28	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	518	29	/	/	SYM
flr-37	518	30	j.jecp.2005.11.002	j.jecp.2005.11.002	PROPN
flr-37	518	31	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	518	32	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	518	33	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	518	34	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	518	35	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	518	36	20	20	NUM
flr-37	519	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	519	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	519	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	519	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	519	5	mcmullen	mcmullen	PROPN
flr-37	519	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	519	7	j.a	j.a	PROPN
flr-37	519	8	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	519	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	519	10	hannula	hannula	PROPN
flr-37	519	11	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	519	12	sormunen	sormunen	PROPN
flr-37	519	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	519	14	m.m	m.m	PROPN
flr-37	519	15	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	519	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	519	17	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	519	18	lehtinen	lehtinen	PROPN
flr-37	519	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	519	20	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	519	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	519	22	2011	2011	NUM
flr-37	519	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	519	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	520	1	young	young	ADJ
flr-37	520	2	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	520	3	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	520	4	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
flr-37	520	5	focusing	focus	VERB
flr-37	520	6	on	on	ADP
flr-37	520	7	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
flr-37	520	8	aspects	aspect	NOUN
flr-37	520	9	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	520	10	their	their	PRON
flr-37	520	11	verbalizations	verbalization	NOUN
flr-37	520	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	520	13	their	their	PRON
flr-37	520	14	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
flr-37	520	15	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
flr-37	520	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	521	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	521	2	ubuz	ubuz	PROPN
flr-37	521	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	521	4	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	521	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	521	6	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	521	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	521	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	521	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	522	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
flr-37	522	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	522	3	the	the	DET
flr-37	522	4	35th	35th	ADJ
flr-37	522	5	conference	conference	NOUN
flr-37	522	6	of	of	ADP
flr-37	522	7	the	the	DET
flr-37	522	8	international	international	ADJ
flr-37	522	9	group	group	NOUN
flr-37	522	10	for	for	ADP
flr-37	522	11	the	the	DET
flr-37	522	12	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	522	13	of	of	ADP
flr-37	522	14	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
flr-37	522	15	education	education	NOUN
flr-37	522	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	522	17	3	3	NUM
flr-37	522	18	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	522	19	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	522	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	523	1	217	217	NUM
flr-37	523	2	-	-	SYM
flr-37	523	3	224	224	NUM
flr-37	523	4	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	524	1	ankara	ankara	PROPN
flr-37	524	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	524	3	turkey	turkey	PROPN
flr-37	524	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	524	5	pme	pme	PROPN
flr-37	524	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	525	1	mcneil	mcneil	PROPN
flr-37	525	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	525	3	n.	n.	PROPN
flr-37	525	4	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	525	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	525	6	2007	2007	NUM
flr-37	525	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	525	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	526	1	u	u	ADJ
flr-37	526	2	-	-	VERB
flr-37	526	3	shaped	shape	VERB
flr-37	526	4	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	526	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	526	6	math	math	NOUN
flr-37	526	7	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	526	8	7	7	NUM
flr-37	526	9	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	526	10	year	year	NOUN
flr-37	526	11	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	526	12	olds	old	NOUN
flr-37	526	13	outperform	outperform	VERB
flr-37	526	14	9	9	NUM
flr-37	526	15	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	526	16	year	year	NOUN
flr-37	526	17	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	526	18	olds	old	NOUN
flr-37	526	19	on	on	ADP
flr-37	526	20	equivalence	equivalence	NOUN
flr-37	526	21	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	526	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	527	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	527	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	527	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	527	4	43	43	NUM
flr-37	527	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	527	6	687–695	687–695	NUM
flr-37	527	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	528	1	doi:10.1037/0012	doi:10.1037/0012	ADJ
flr-37	528	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	528	3	1649.43.3.687	1649.43.3.687	NUM
flr-37	528	4	prather	prather	NOUN
flr-37	528	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	528	6	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	528	7	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	528	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	528	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	528	10	alibali	alibali	VERB
flr-37	528	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	528	12	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	528	13	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	528	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	528	15	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	528	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	528	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	529	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	529	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	529	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	529	4	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	529	5	principle	principle	ADJ
flr-37	529	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	529	7	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	529	8	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	529	9	do	do	AUX
flr-37	529	10	we	we	PRON
flr-37	529	11	know	know	VERB
flr-37	529	12	what	what	PRON
flr-37	529	13	learners	learner	NOUN
flr-37	529	14	know	know	VERB
flr-37	529	15	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	530	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	530	2	review	review	NOUN
flr-37	530	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	530	4	29	29	NUM
flr-37	530	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	530	6	221–248	221–248	NUM
flr-37	530	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	531	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	531	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	531	3	j.dr.2009.09.001	j.dr.2009.09.001	PROPN
flr-37	531	4	resnick	resnick	PROPN
flr-37	531	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	531	6	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	531	7	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	531	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	531	9	1992	1992	NUM
flr-37	531	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	531	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	532	1	from	from	ADP
flr-37	532	2	protoquantities	protoquantitie	NOUN
flr-37	532	3	to	to	ADP
flr-37	532	4	operators	operator	NOUN
flr-37	532	5	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	532	6	building	build	VERB
flr-37	532	7	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	532	8	competence	competence	NOUN
flr-37	532	9	on	on	ADP
flr-37	532	10	a	a	DET
flr-37	532	11	foundation	foundation	NOUN
flr-37	532	12	of	of	ADP
flr-37	532	13	everyday	everyday	ADJ
flr-37	532	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	532	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	533	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	533	2	g.	g.	PROPN
flr-37	533	3	leinhardt	leinhardt	PROPN
flr-37	533	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	533	5	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	533	6	t.	t.	PROPN
flr-37	533	7	putnam	putnam	PROPN
flr-37	533	8	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	533	9	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	533	10	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	533	11	hattrup	hattrup	PROPN
flr-37	533	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	533	13	eds	ed	NOUN
flr-37	533	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	533	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	534	1	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	534	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	534	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	534	4	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN
flr-37	534	5	for	for	ADP
flr-37	534	6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
flr-37	534	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
flr-37	534	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	534	9	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	534	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	535	1	373	373	NUM
flr-37	535	2	-	-	SYM
flr-37	535	3	429	429	NUM
flr-37	535	4	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	535	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	536	1	hillsdale	hillsdale	PROPN
flr-37	536	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	536	3	nj	nj	PROPN
flr-37	536	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	536	5	uk	uk	PROPN
flr-37	536	6	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	536	7	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
flr-37	536	8	erlbaum	erlbaum	PROPN
flr-37	536	9	associates	associates	PROPN
flr-37	536	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	536	11	inc	inc	PROPN
flr-37	536	12	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	536	13	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	536	14	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	536	15	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	536	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	536	17	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	536	18	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	536	19	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	536	20	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	536	21	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	536	22	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	536	23	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	536	24	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	536	25	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	536	26	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	537	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	537	2	relation	relation	NOUN
flr-37	537	3	between	between	ADP
flr-37	537	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	537	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	537	6	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	537	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	537	8	in	in	ADP
flr-37	537	9	learning	learn	VERB
flr-37	537	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	537	11	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	537	12	a	a	DET
flr-37	537	13	review	review	NOUN
flr-37	537	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	538	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	538	2	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	538	3	donlan	donlan	PROPN
flr-37	538	4	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	538	5	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	538	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	538	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	538	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	538	9	the	the	DET
flr-37	538	10	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	538	11	of	of	ADP
flr-37	538	12	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
flr-37	538	13	skills	skill	NOUN
flr-37	538	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	538	15	pp	pp	ADV
flr-37	538	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	538	17	75	75	NUM
flr-37	538	18	-	-	SYM
flr-37	538	19	110	110	NUM
flr-37	538	20	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	538	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	538	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	539	1	east	east	PROPN
flr-37	539	2	sussex	sussex	PROPN
flr-37	539	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	539	4	uk	uk	PROPN
flr-37	539	5	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	539	6	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	539	7	press	press	NOUN
flr-37	539	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	540	1	rittle	rittle	PROPN
flr-37	540	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	540	3	johnson	johnson	PROPN
flr-37	540	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	540	5	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	540	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	540	7	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	540	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	540	9	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	540	10	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	540	11	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	540	12	alibali	alibali	PROPN
flr-37	540	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	540	14	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	540	15	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	540	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	540	17	2001	2001	NUM
flr-37	540	18	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	540	19	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	541	1	developing	develop	VERB
flr-37	541	2	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	541	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	541	4	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	541	5	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	541	6	skill	skill	NOUN
flr-37	541	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	541	8	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	541	9	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	541	10	an	an	DET
flr-37	541	11	iterative	iterative	NOUN
flr-37	541	12	process	process	NOUN
flr-37	541	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	542	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	542	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	542	3	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	542	4	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	542	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	542	6	93	93	NUM
flr-37	542	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	542	8	346362	346362	NUM
flr-37	542	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	543	1	doi:10.1037/0022	doi:10.1037/0022	NOUN
flr-37	543	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	543	3	0663.93.2.346	0663.93.2.346	VERB
flr-37	543	4	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	543	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	543	6	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	543	7	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	543	8	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	543	9	dubé	dubé	PROPN
flr-37	543	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	543	11	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	543	12	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	543	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	543	14	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	543	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	543	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	544	1	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	544	2	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	544	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	544	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	544	5	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	544	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	544	7	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	544	8	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	544	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	545	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	545	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	545	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	545	4	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	545	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	545	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	545	7	103	103	NUM
flr-37	545	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	545	9	532–545	532–545	NUM
flr-37	545	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	546	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	546	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	546	3	j.jecp.2008.12.002	j.jecp.2008.12.002	PROPN
flr-37	546	4	robinson	robinson	PROPN
flr-37	546	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	546	6	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	546	7	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	546	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	546	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	546	10	ninowski	ninowski	PROPN
flr-37	546	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	546	12	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	546	13	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	546	14	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	546	15	2003	2003	NUM
flr-37	546	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	546	17	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	547	1	adults	adult	NOUN
flr-37	547	2	’s	’s	PART
flr-37	547	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	547	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	547	5	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	547	6	concepts	concept	NOUN
flr-37	547	7	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	547	8	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	547	9	does	do	AUX
flr-37	547	10	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	547	11	on	on	ADP
flr-37	547	12	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	547	13	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	547	14	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	547	15	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	547	16	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	547	17	compare	compare	VERB
flr-37	547	18	to	to	ADP
flr-37	547	19	performance	performance	NOUN
flr-37	547	20	on	on	ADP
flr-37	547	21	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
flr-37	547	22	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	547	23	division	division	NOUN
flr-37	547	24	inversion	inversion	NOUN
flr-37	547	25	problems	problem	NOUN
flr-37	547	26	?	?	PUNCT
flr-37	548	1	canadian	canadian	ADJ
flr-37	548	2	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	548	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	548	4	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	548	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	548	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	548	7	57	57	NUM
flr-37	548	8	321	321	NUM
flr-37	548	9	-	-	SYM
flr-37	548	10	330	330	NUM
flr-37	548	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	549	1	doi:10.1037	doi:10.1037	NOUN
flr-37	549	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	549	3	h0087435	h0087435	NUM
flr-37	549	4	schneider	schneider	NOUN
flr-37	549	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	549	6	m.	m.	NOUN
flr-37	549	7	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	549	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	549	9	stern	stern	PROPN
flr-37	549	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	549	11	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	549	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	549	13	2010	2010	NUM
flr-37	549	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	549	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	550	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	550	2	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	550	3	relations	relation	NOUN
flr-37	550	4	between	between	ADP
flr-37	550	5	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
flr-37	550	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	550	7	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	550	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	550	9	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	550	10	a	a	DET
flr-37	550	11	multimethod	multimethod	ADJ
flr-37	550	12	approach	approach	NOUN
flr-37	550	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	551	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	551	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	551	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	551	4	46	46	NUM
flr-37	551	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	551	6	178–192	178–192	NUM
flr-37	551	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	552	1	doi:10.1037	doi:10.1037	NOUN
flr-37	552	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	552	3	a0016701	a0016701	PROPN
flr-37	552	4	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	552	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	552	6	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	552	7	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	552	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	552	9	1987	1987	NUM
flr-37	552	10	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	552	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	553	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	553	2	perils	peril	NOUN
flr-37	553	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	553	4	averaging	average	VERB
flr-37	553	5	data	datum	NOUN
flr-37	553	6	over	over	ADP
flr-37	553	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	553	8	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	553	9	an	an	DET
flr-37	553	10	example	example	NOUN
flr-37	553	11	from	from	ADP
flr-37	553	12	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	553	13	's	's	PART
flr-37	553	14	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	553	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	554	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	554	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	554	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	554	4	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	554	5	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	554	6	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	554	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	554	8	116	116	NUM
flr-37	554	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	554	10	250	250	NUM
flr-37	554	11	-	-	SYM
flr-37	554	12	264	264	NUM
flr-37	554	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	555	1	doi:10.1037/0096	doi:10.1037/0096	NOUN
flr-37	555	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	555	3	3445.116.3.250	3445.116.3.250	NUM
flr-37	555	4	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	555	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	555	6	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	555	7	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	555	8	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	555	9	araya	araya	PROPN
flr-37	555	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	555	11	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	555	12	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	555	13	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	555	14	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	555	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	556	1	a	a	DET
flr-37	556	2	computational	computational	ADJ
flr-37	556	3	model	model	NOUN
flr-37	556	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	556	5	conscious	conscious	ADJ
flr-37	556	6	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	556	7	unconscious	unconscious	ADJ
flr-37	556	8	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	556	9	discovery	discovery	NOUN
flr-37	556	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	557	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	557	2	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	557	3	v.	v.	PROPN
flr-37	557	4	kail	kail	PROPN
flr-37	557	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	557	6	ed	ed	NOUN
flr-37	557	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	557	8	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	557	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	557	10	advances	advance	NOUN
flr-37	557	11	in	in	ADP
flr-37	557	12	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	557	13	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	557	14	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	557	15	behavior	behavior	NOUN
flr-37	557	16	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	557	17	vol	vol	NOUN
flr-37	557	18	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	557	19	33	33	NUM
flr-37	557	20	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	557	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	557	22	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	557	23	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	558	1	1	1	NUM
flr-37	558	2	-	-	SYM
flr-37	558	3	42	42	NUM
flr-37	558	4	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	558	5	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	559	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
flr-37	559	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	559	3	uk	uk	PROPN
flr-37	559	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	559	5	elsevier	elsevier	NOUN
flr-37	559	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	560	1	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	560	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	560	3	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	560	4	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	560	5	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	560	6	jenkins	jenkins	PROPN
flr-37	560	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	560	8	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	560	9	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	560	10	1989	1989	NUM
flr-37	560	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	560	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	561	1	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	561	2	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	561	3	discover	discover	VERB
flr-37	561	4	new	new	ADJ
flr-37	561	5	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	561	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	562	1	hillsdale	hillsdale	PROPN
flr-37	562	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	562	3	nj	nj	PROPN
flr-37	562	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	562	5	uk	uk	PROPN
flr-37	562	6	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	562	7	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
flr-37	562	8	erlbaum	erlbaum	PROPN
flr-37	562	9	associates	associates	PROPN
flr-37	562	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	562	11	inc	inc	PROPN
flr-37	562	12	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	562	13	siegler	siegler	PROPN
flr-37	562	14	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	562	15	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	562	16	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	562	17	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	562	18	stern	stern	PROPN
flr-37	562	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	562	20	e.	e.	PROPN
flr-37	562	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	562	22	1998	1998	NUM
flr-37	562	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	562	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	563	1	conscious	conscious	ADJ
flr-37	563	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	563	3	unconscious	unconscious	ADJ
flr-37	563	4	strategy	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	563	5	discoveries	discovery	NOUN
flr-37	563	6	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	563	7	a	a	DET
flr-37	563	8	microgenetic	microgenetic	ADJ
flr-37	563	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
flr-37	563	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	564	1	journal	journal	NOUN
flr-37	564	2	of	of	ADP
flr-37	564	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
flr-37	564	4	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	564	5	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	564	6	general	general	ADJ
flr-37	564	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	564	8	127	127	NUM
flr-37	564	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	564	10	377	377	NUM
flr-37	564	11	-	-	SYM
flr-37	564	12	397	397	NUM
flr-37	564	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	565	1	doi:10.1037/0096	doi:10.1037/0096	NOUN
flr-37	565	2	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	565	3	3445.127.4.377	3445.127.4.377	NUM
flr-37	565	4	sloutsky	sloutsky	NOUN
flr-37	565	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	565	6	v.	v.	ADP
flr-37	565	7	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	565	8	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	565	9	fisher	fisher	PROPN
flr-37	565	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	565	11	a.	a.	NOUN
flr-37	565	12	v.	v.	PROPN
flr-37	565	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	565	14	2008	2008	NUM
flr-37	565	15	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	565	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	566	1	attentional	attentional	ADJ
flr-37	566	2	learning	learning	NOUN
flr-37	566	3	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	566	4	flexible	flexible	ADJ
flr-37	566	5	induction	induction	NOUN
flr-37	566	6	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	566	7	how	how	SCONJ
flr-37	566	8	mundane	mundane	ADJ
flr-37	566	9	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
flr-37	566	10	give	give	VERB
flr-37	566	11	rise	rise	NOUN
flr-37	566	12	to	to	ADP
flr-37	566	13	smart	smart	ADJ
flr-37	566	14	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
flr-37	566	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	567	1	child	child	NOUN
flr-37	567	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	567	3	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	567	4	79	79	NUM
flr-37	567	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	567	6	639	639	NUM
flr-37	567	7	-	-	SYM
flr-37	567	8	651	651	NUM
flr-37	567	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	568	1	doi:10.1111	doi:10.1111	PROPN
flr-37	568	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	568	3	j.14678624.2008.01148.x	j.14678624.2008.01148.x	PROPN
flr-37	568	4	sophian	sophian	NOUN
flr-37	568	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	568	6	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	568	7	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	568	8	adams	adams	PROPN
flr-37	568	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	568	10	n.	n.	PROPN
flr-37	568	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	568	12	1987	1987	NUM
flr-37	568	13	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	568	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	569	1	infants	infant	NOUN
flr-37	569	2	'	'	PART
flr-37	569	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
flr-37	569	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	569	5	numerical	numerical	ADJ
flr-37	569	6	transformations	transformation	NOUN
flr-37	569	7	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	570	1	british	british	ADJ
flr-37	570	2	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	570	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	570	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
flr-37	570	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	570	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	570	7	5	5	NUM
flr-37	570	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	570	9	257	257	NUM
flr-37	570	10	-	-	SYM
flr-37	570	11	264	264	NUM
flr-37	570	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	571	1	doi:10.1111	doi:10.1111	ADJ
flr-37	571	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	571	3	j.2044	j.2044	PROPN
flr-37	571	4	-	-	PUNCT
flr-37	571	5	835x.1987.tb01061.x	835x.1987.tb01061.x	PROPN
flr-37	571	6	sophian	sophian	PROPN
flr-37	571	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	571	8	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	571	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	571	10	harley	harley	NOUN
flr-37	571	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	571	12	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	571	13	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	571	14	manos	manos	PROPN
flr-37	571	15	martin	martin	PROPN
flr-37	571	16	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	571	17	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	571	18	s.	s.	PROPN
flr-37	571	19	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	571	20	1995	1995	NUM
flr-37	571	21	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	571	22	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	572	1	relational	relational	ADJ
flr-37	572	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	572	3	representational	representational	ADJ
flr-37	572	4	aspects	aspect	NOUN
flr-37	572	5	of	of	ADP
flr-37	572	6	early	early	ADJ
flr-37	572	7	number	number	NOUN
flr-37	572	8	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	572	9	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	573	1	cognition	cognition	NOUN
flr-37	573	2	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	573	3	instruction	instruction	NOUN
flr-37	573	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	573	5	13	13	NUM
flr-37	573	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	573	7	253	253	NUM
flr-37	573	8	-	-	SYM
flr-37	573	9	268	268	NUM
flr-37	573	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	574	1	doi:10.1207	doi:10.1207	PROPN
flr-37	574	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	574	3	s1532690xci1302_4	s1532690xci1302_4	PROPN
flr-37	574	4	star	star	NOUN
flr-37	574	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	574	6	j.r	j.r	PROPN
flr-37	574	7	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	574	8	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	574	9	2004	2004	NUM
flr-37	574	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	574	11	april	april	PROPN
flr-37	574	12	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	574	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	575	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	575	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	575	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	575	4	flexible	flexible	ADJ
flr-37	575	5	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	575	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	575	7	in	in	ADP
flr-37	575	8	equation	equation	NOUN
flr-37	575	9	solving	solving	NOUN
flr-37	575	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	576	1	paper	paper	NOUN
flr-37	576	2	presented	present	VERB
flr-37	576	3	at	at	ADP
flr-37	576	4	the	the	DET
flr-37	576	5	annual	annual	ADJ
flr-37	576	6	meeting	meeting	NOUN
flr-37	576	7	of	of	ADP
flr-37	576	8	the	the	DET
flr-37	576	9	american	american	PROPN
flr-37	576	10	educational	educational	PROPN
flr-37	576	11	research	research	PROPN
flr-37	576	12	association	association	PROPN
flr-37	576	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	576	14	san	san	PROPN
flr-37	576	15	diego	diego	PROPN
flr-37	576	16	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	577	1	star	star	PROPN
flr-37	577	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	577	3	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	577	4	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	577	5	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	577	6	2005	2005	NUM
flr-37	577	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	577	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	578	1	reconceptualizing	reconceptualize	VERB
flr-37	578	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
flr-37	578	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
flr-37	578	4	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	579	1	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	579	2	for	for	ADP
flr-37	579	3	research	research	NOUN
flr-37	579	4	in	in	ADP
flr-37	579	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
flr-37	579	6	education	education	NOUN
flr-37	579	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	579	8	36	36	NUM
flr-37	579	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	579	10	404	404	NUM
flr-37	579	11	-	-	SYM
flr-37	579	12	411	411	NUM
flr-37	579	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	580	1	star	star	PROPN
flr-37	580	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	580	3	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	580	4	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	580	5	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	580	6	seifert	seifert	PROPN
flr-37	580	7	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	580	8	c.	c.	PROPN
flr-37	580	9	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	580	10	2006	2006	NUM
flr-37	580	11	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	580	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	581	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	581	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	581	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	581	4	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
flr-37	581	5	in	in	ADP
flr-37	581	6	equation	equation	NOUN
flr-37	581	7	solving	solving	NOUN
flr-37	581	8	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	582	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
flr-37	582	2	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	582	3	psychology	psychology	NOUN
flr-37	582	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	582	5	31	31	NUM
flr-37	582	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	582	7	280	280	NUM
flr-37	582	8	-	-	SYM
flr-37	582	9	300	300	NUM
flr-37	582	10	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	583	1	doi:10.1016	doi:10.1016	PROPN
flr-37	583	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	583	3	j.cedpsych.2005.08.001	j.cedpsych.2005.08.001	PROPN
flr-37	583	4	starkey	starkey	NOUN
flr-37	583	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	583	6	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	583	7	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	583	8	gelman	gelman	PROPN
flr-37	583	9	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	583	10	r.	r.	PROPN
flr-37	583	11	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	583	12	1982	1982	NUM
flr-37	583	13	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	583	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	584	1	the	the	DET
flr-37	584	2	development	development	NOUN
flr-37	584	3	of	of	ADP
flr-37	584	4	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	584	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	584	6	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	584	7	abilities	ability	NOUN
flr-37	584	8	prior	prior	ADV
flr-37	584	9	to	to	ADP
flr-37	584	10	formal	formal	ADJ
flr-37	584	11	schooling	schooling	NOUN
flr-37	584	12	in	in	ADP
flr-37	584	13	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
flr-37	584	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	585	1	in	in	ADP
flr-37	585	2	t.	t.	PROPN
flr-37	585	3	p.	p.	PROPN
flr-37	585	4	carpenter	carpenter	PROPN
flr-37	585	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	585	6	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	585	7	m.	m.	PROPN
flr-37	585	8	moser	moser	PROPN
flr-37	585	9	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	585	10	t.	t.	PROPN
flr-37	585	11	a.	a.	PROPN
flr-37	585	12	romberg	romberg	PROPN
flr-37	585	13	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	585	14	eds	eds	PROPN
flr-37	585	15	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	585	16	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	585	17	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	585	18	addition	addition	NOUN
flr-37	585	19	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	585	20	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN
flr-37	585	21	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	585	22	a	a	DET
flr-37	585	23	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
flr-37	585	24	perspective	perspective	NOUN
flr-37	585	25	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	585	26	pp	pp	ADJ
flr-37	585	27	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	586	1	99–116	99–116	X
flr-37	586	2	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	586	3	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	587	1	hillsdale	hillsdale	PROPN
flr-37	587	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	587	3	nj	nj	PROPN
flr-37	587	4	:	:	PUNCT
flr-37	587	5	erlbaum	erlbaum	PROPN
flr-37	587	6	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	588	1	h.	h.	PROPN
flr-37	588	2	haider	haider	PROPN
flr-37	588	3	et	et	PROPN
flr-37	588	4	al	al	PROPN
flr-37	588	5	.	.	PROPN
flr-37	588	6	21	21	NUM
flr-37	589	1	|	|	ADV
flr-37	589	2	f	f	NOUN
flr-37	589	3	l	l	NOUN
flr-37	589	4	r	r	NOUN
flr-37	589	5	torbeyns	torbeyns	NOUN
flr-37	589	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	589	7	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	589	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	589	9	de	de	X
flr-37	589	10	smedt	smedt	PROPN
flr-37	589	11	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	589	12	b.	b.	PROPN
flr-37	589	13	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	589	14	ghesquière	ghesquière	PROPN
flr-37	589	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	589	16	p.	p.	NOUN
flr-37	589	17	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	589	18	verschaffel	verschaffel	ADJ
flr-37	589	19	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	589	20	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	589	21	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	589	22	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	589	23	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	589	24	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	590	1	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
flr-37	590	2	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	590	3	use	use	NOUN
flr-37	590	4	of	of	ADP
flr-37	590	5	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
flr-37	590	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
flr-37	590	7	by	by	ADP
flr-37	590	8	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
flr-37	590	9	schooled	school	VERB
flr-37	590	10	children	child	NOUN
flr-37	590	11	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	591	1	educational	educational	ADJ
flr-37	591	2	studies	study	NOUN
flr-37	591	3	in	in	ADP
flr-37	591	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
flr-37	591	5	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	591	6	71(1	71(1	NUM
flr-37	591	7	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	591	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	591	9	1	1	NUM
flr-37	591	10	-	-	SYM
flr-37	591	11	17	17	NUM
flr-37	591	12	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	592	1	verschaffel	verschaffel	ADJ
flr-37	592	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	592	3	l.	l.	PROPN
flr-37	592	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	592	5	luwel	luwel	PROPN
flr-37	592	6	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	592	7	k.	k.	PROPN
flr-37	592	8	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	592	9	torbeyns	torbeyns	PROPN
flr-37	592	10	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	592	11	j.	j.	PROPN
flr-37	592	12	&	&	CCONJ
flr-37	592	13	van	van	PROPN
flr-37	592	14	dooren	dooren	PROPN
flr-37	592	15	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	592	16	w.	w.	PROPN
flr-37	592	17	(	(	PUNCT
flr-37	592	18	2009	2009	NUM
flr-37	592	19	)	)	PUNCT
flr-37	592	20	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	593	1	conceptualizing	conceptualize	VERB
flr-37	593	2	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	593	3	investigating	investigate	VERB
flr-37	593	4	,	,	PUNCT
flr-37	593	5	and	and	CCONJ
flr-37	593	6	enhancing	enhance	VERB
flr-37	593	7	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
flr-37	593	8	expertise	expertise	NOUN
flr-37	593	9	in	in	ADP
flr-37	593	10	elementary	elementary	ADJ
flr-37	593	11	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
flr-37	593	12	education	education	NOUN
flr-37	593	13	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	594	1	european	european	ADJ
flr-37	594	2	journal	journal	PROPN
flr-37	594	3	of	of	ADP
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flr-37	594	9	)	)	PUNCT
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flr-37	594	12	-	-	SYM
flr-37	594	13	359	359	NUM
flr-37	594	14	.	.	PUNCT
flr-37	595	1	doi:10.1007	doi:10.1007	VERB
flr-37	595	2	/	/	SYM
flr-37	595	3	bf03174765	bf03174765	PROPN