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							| Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007



	

				
						
 
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																Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
										

				


				
				
					
					
						
																					
				
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					Vol. 14 No. 4 (2024): April 2024
				
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									Research Articles
							
		



	
		  	 

		
	
		Atractylodin, β-eudesmol, and (+)-hinesol in Atractylodes chinensis rhizomes improve glomerular injuries in high immunoglobulin A mice
	


	
	
		

							
					Authors

						
							
								Mikio  Nishizawa
							
																																		
	
							
								Toshinari Ishii
							
																																		
	
							
								Yuto Nishidono
							
																																		
	
							
								Saki Shirako
							
																																		
	
							
								Ken Tanaka
							
																																		
	
							
								Yukinobu Ikeya
							
																																		


				
			
																	
					
												DOI:
					

					
						
							https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i4.1318
						
					
				
			

						
										
					Abstract

					Background: The rhizome of Atractylodes chinensis (Asteraceae), a crude drug of Japanese Kampo medicines, has been administered to patients with edema, nephrotic syndrome, and gastrointestinal disorders. Essential oils, such as sesquiterpenoids (e.g., β-eudesmol and hinesol) and atractylodin, are rich in the rhizomes. Previously, we discovered that atractylodin, a polyacetylene compound, found in an ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fraction from a methanol extract of A. chinensis rhizomes, possessed marked anti-inflammatory activities. Oral administration of the EtOAc-soluble fraction reduced immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposition in the renal glomeruli of high immunoglobulin A (HIGA) mice, a model of human IgA nephropathy. An increased serum IgA forms immune complexes and causes the deposition on renal glomeruli, leading to inflammation by the complement-mediated pathway.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the compounds that reduce IgA deposition in an EtOAc-soluble fraction of A. chinensis rhizomes.

Methods: Metabolites in the serum of HIGA and control BALB/c mice were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A standard diet including each compound was fed to HIGA and BALB/c mice for 20 weeks to evaluate the improvement of glomerular IgA deposition.

Results: Metabolomic analysis of serum suggested that the HIGA mice exhibit a state near the early stage of chronic kidney disease, compared with the BALB/c mice. When mice were orally administered each hydrophobic compound of A. chinensis rhizomes, it was revealed that atractylodin, as well as β-eudesmol and (+)-hinesol, efficiently inhibited glomerular IgA deposition. Furthermore, the renal levels of complement component 3 (C3) and proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs were decreased, when the hydrophobic compounds were orally administered to HIGA mice.

Conclusion: Atractylodin, β-eudesmol, and (+)-hinesol may inhibit glomerular IgA deposition, probably by attenuating complement-mediated injuries and suppressing proliferation of mesangial cells in the renal glomeruli. These compounds might improve the pathological findings of human IgA nephropathy.

Keywords: Atractylodes chinensis; Crude drug; Immunoglobulin A nephropathy; Metabolomics; Complement

				
			
			

						
																																																						
						
		


		

						
										
					
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																			2024-04-03
																	

				
							

			
						
										

											
							
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									Vol. 14 No. 4 (2024): April 2024
								
							

						
					
											
							
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