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							| Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007



	

				
						
 
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																Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
										

				


				
				
					
					
						
																					
				
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					Vol. 15 No. 11 (2025): November 2025
				
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									Research Articles
							
		



	
		  	 

		
	
		Superiority of the body roundness index over BMI in linking central adiposity with vitamin D3: A cross-sectional study in Iraqi adults
	


	
	
		

							
					Authors

						
							
								Sura Talal Kadhim
							
																																		
	
							
								Duaa Mohammed Al-Atta
							
																																		
	
							
								Monaf Faik Ahmeed Al Samarraee
							
																																		


				
			
																	
					
												DOI:
					

					
						
							https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1798
						
					
				
			

						
										
					Abstract

					Background: Body mass index is a poor measure of central adiposity. The Body Roundness Index may be a better measure, although data for Middle Eastern adults are limited. 

Objectives: To investigate the association of animal-fat consumption with adiposity indices as well as vitamin D3, and compare BRI with BMI as a marker of body fat in Iraqi adults. 

Methods: We used dietary questionnaires, anthropometry, and bioelectrical impedance to estimate visceral fat area and serum vitamin D3 in a cross-sectional study of 527 adults. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. 

Results: There was no association between animal-fat intake and the adiposity indices or vitamin D3. In contrast with BMI, BRI presented a quite strong inverse correlation with vitamin D3 (r = –0.497, p < 0.001). Visceral fat area was not predicted by any of the indices. 

Novelty explicit: In this adult sample from Iraq, BRI is more helpful than BMI for detecting central adiposity, which is associated with vitamin D3 insufficiency; as a result, BRI may be a better screening tool in a clinical and epidemiological context. 

Conclusion: BRI was a better indicator of metabolic risk associated with adiposity than BMI. In both clinical and epidemiological settings, it might be a beneficial screening tool for central adiposity and Vitamin D deficiency.

Keywords: Body Roundness Index; Vitamin D3; Visceral fat; Body Mass Index; Adiposity.





				
			
			

						
																																	
						
		


		

						
										
					
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																			2025-11-03
																	

				
							

			
						
										

											
							
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									Vol. 15 No. 11 (2025): November 2025
								
							

						
					
											
							
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