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							| Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007



	

				
						
 
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																Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
										

				


				
				
					
					
						
																					
				
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					Vol. 2 No. 12 (2012): December 2012
				
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									Short Report
							
		



	
		  	 

		
	
		Content validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire to measure eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intakes in young adults: A pilot study
	


	
	
		

							
					Authors

						
							
								Jennifer A. Hanson
							
															
									School of Human Ecology, Louisiana Tech University, P.O. Box 3167, Ruston, LA 71272
																	
																																		
	
							
								Richard R. Rosenkranz
							
															
									Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, 212 Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
																	
																																		
	
							
								Carol Ann Holcomb
							
															
									Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, 212 Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
																	
																																		
	
							
								Mark D. Haub
							
															
									Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, 212 Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
																	
																																		


				
			
																	
					
												DOI:
					

					
						
							https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i12.77
						
					
				
			

						
										
					Abstract

					Background: The food environment is rapidly changing with regard to omega-3 fatty acids. Research is hindered by the lack of a tool specifically designed to measure intakes of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in US populations. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the content validity and reliability of a novel 14-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to measure contemporary sources of eicosapentaenoic aid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Methods: During May of 2009, college students (n = 165) completed the FFQ and provided feedback. Forty-five completed the questionnaire a second time allowing for the evaluation of test-retest reliability.

Results: None of the students reported consuming a food naturally rich in EPA and DHA that was not included in the FFQ. Overall instrument reliability (n = 54) was strong (ρ = 0.86, p < 0.001) and the reliability for each of the non-functional food items ranged from moderate to strong (ρ = 0.48 to 0.86, p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients for each of the functional food items were low and/or non-significant. Uncertainty regarding omega-3 functional foods was listed as a reason by eight of the twelve who felt one or more of the questions were difficult to answer. 

Conclusions: Overall instrument reliability was strong and content validity was good. Nonetheless, participant feedback, and the decreased test-retest coefficients for the omega-3 functional foods, suggests unfamiliarity may be problematic when measuring intakes from these food sources.

Keywords: Functional foods, n-3 fatty acids, dietary assessment, seafood, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid

				
			
			

						
																																								
						
		


		

						
										
					
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						Published
					

					
																			2012-12-05
																	

				
							

			
						
										

											
							
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									Vol. 2 No. 12 (2012): December 2012
								
							

						
					
											
							
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								Short Report
							

						
					
									

			
						
										
					
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