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							| Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007



	

				
						
 
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																Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
										

				


				
				
					
					
						
																					
				
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					Vol. 2 No. 8 (2012): August 2012
				
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									Research Articles
							
		



	
		  	 

		
	
		Effects of Oral Supplementation with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Stress, Fatigue, and Sleep
	


	
	
		

							
					Authors

						
							
								Masahiko Nakano
							
															
									1Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., 182 Shinwari, Tayuhama, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3112
																	
																																		
	
							
								Tetsuro Yamamoto
							
															
									TTC Co., Ltd., 1-20-2 Ebisunishi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0021
																	
																																		
	
							
								Hisayoshi Okamura
							
															
									Cognitive and Molecular Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011
																	
																																		
	
							
								Akira Tsuda
							
															
									4Department of Psychology, Kurume University, 1635 Miimachi, Kurume 839-8502
																	
																																		
	
							
								Yasuyuki Kowatari
							
															
									Ueno Clinic, Aisei Hospital, 2-18-6 Higashiueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo, 110-0015
																	
																																		


				
			
																	
					
												DOI:
					

					
						
							https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i8.81
						
					
				
			

						
										
					Abstract

					Seventeen adult male and female subjects participated in a clinical trial using an open-label trial to evaluate the effectiveness of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on stress, fatigue, quality of life and sleep. They ingested 20 mg of PQQ daily for 8 weeks. Changes in stress, fatigue, quality of life measures and sleep were evaluated using various inventories and questionnaires. For example, the results of the Profile of Mood States-Short Form revealed that all six measures of vigor, fatigue, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility and confusion were significantly improved following PQQ administration compared with scores for those measures before administration of PQQ. Measures for quality of life, appetite, sleep, obsession and pain, also improved significantly. The results of the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi Sleep Inventory (Middle Aged and Aged version) showed significant improvement in sleepiness at awakening, sleep onset and maintenance, and sleep duration. For validation, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Japanese version also showed significant improvement in sleep-related behavior. Furthermore, the changes in these global scores were correlated with changes in the cortisol awakening response (R = -0.55), i.e. the effects of PQQ on improvement of sleep quality are supported by a biomarker.

Keywords: Pyrroloquinoline quinone, stress, fatigue, quality of life, sleep

				
			
			

						
																																															
						
		


		

						
										
					
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																			2012-08-31
																	

				
							

			
						
										

											
							
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									Vol. 2 No. 8 (2012): August 2012
								
							

						
					
											
							
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