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							| Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007



	

				
						
 
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																Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
										

				


				
				
					
					
						
																					
				
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					Vol. 2 No. 7 (2012): July 2012
				
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									Research Articles
							
		



	
		  	 

		
	
		Flavonoids and phenolic acids from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) based foods and their functional implications
	


	
	
		

							
					Authors

						
							
								Vanisha S. Nambiar
							
															
									Department of Foods and Nutrition, A WHO Collaborating Center for Promoting Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002
																	
																																		
	
							
								Neha Sareen
							
															
									Department of Foods and Nutrition, A WHO Collaborating Center for Promoting Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002
																	
																																		
	
							
								Mammen Daniel
							
															
									Division of Phytochemistry, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002
																	
																																		
	
							
								Erick B. Gallego
							
															
									Harvest Plus, c/o IFPRI/CIAT, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006
																	
																																		


				
			
																	
					
												DOI:
					

					
						
							https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i7.85
						
					
				
			

						
										
					Abstract

					Background: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), considered a poor man’s cereal, may be a repository of dietary antioxidants, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, which provide bioactive mechanisms to reduce free radical induced oxidative stress and probably play a role in the prevention of ageing and various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Objective: The present study focused on the identification of individual flavonoids and phenolic acids from seven commercial varieties of pearl millet and five samples of pearl millet-based traditional recipes of Banaskantha, Gujarat, India.
Methods: Total phenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and individual polyphenol separation included the isolation and identification of (a) flavonoids, (b) phenolic acids, and (c) glycoflavones involving interaction with diagnostic reagents and paper chromatographic separation of compounds and their UV-visible spectroscopic studies including hypsochromic and bathchromic shifts with reagents such as AlCl3, AlCl3/HCl, NaOMe, NaOAc, and NaOAc/H3PO3. Five traditional recipes consumed in the pearl millet producing belt of Banaskantha, Gujarat, India, were standardized in the laboratory and analyzed for phenol and individual flavonoids. 
 
Results: Total phenols in raw samples ranged from 268.5 - 420mg/100g of DW and 247.5 - 335mg/100g of DW in cooked recipes. The commonly identified flavonoids were tricin, acacetin, 3, 4 Di-OMe luteolin, and 4-OMe tricin. Five phenolic acids were identified: namely vanilic acid, syringic acid, melilotic acid, para-hydroxyl benzoic acid, and salicylic acid.
Conclusion: The presence of flavonoids, such as tricin, acacetin, 3, 4 Di-OMe luteolin, and 4-OMe tricin, indicate the chemopreventive efficacy of pearl millet. They may be inversely related to mortality from coronary heart disease and to the incidence of heart attacks in the pearl millet consuming belts of the world.
Keywords: Polyphenols, Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Total Phenols, Pearl Millet (raw and cooked) (Pennisetum glaucum), Banaskantha, Gujarat

				
			
			

						
																																								
						
		


		

						
										
					
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						Published
					

					
																			2012-07-05
																	

				
							

			
						
										

											
							
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									Vol. 2 No. 7 (2012): July 2012
								
							

						
					
											
							
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								Research Articles
							

						
					
									

			
						
										
					
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