id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
ijcre-4868	Egeru, Anthony; Nampala, Paul; Massa-Makuma, Henry; Osiru, Moses; Ekwamu, Adipala	Innovating for skills enhancement in agricultural sciences in Africa: The centrality of field attachment programs	2016	13	.pdf	application/pdf	5043	185	33	For the graduate students, the FAPA presents an opportunity to participate in a Skills category Skills and competences gained Network and advocacy skills —Matching farmer needs to research needs —Mobilising communities —Developing farmer value systems —Engaging with policy and decision makers —Gaining facilitation skills —Jointly preparing for and working with development partners and community development officers —Undertaking fundraising via competitive grants and other fund-raising events Reality checks arising from implementation of FAPA and skills development and attainment Realities that need to be taken into consideration —Smallholder farmers are profit oriented but have limited appreciation of unit cost investment to increase yield output —Entrepreneurial abilities of smallholder farmers need to be strengthened —Smallholder farmers adopt and adapt technologies that directly address their production challenges —Smallholder farmers have indigenous knowledge that is non-static —Smallholder farmer buy-in is easy when the study is conducted with direct farmer participation from the beginning —Smallholder farmers still have challenges with record keeping —Timing of the dissemination activities; for example, it is difficult to gather farmers together in the morning hours during the wet season —Curriculum inadequacy at university level to tackle practical agriculture —Attention to institutional processes needed 167 | Gateways | Egeru, Nampala, Makuma-Massa, Osiru & Ekwamu real-life industrial working environment with hands-on exposure to the world of work immediately after completion of graduate training. The lessons learnt during this phase mainly involved process and programmatic issues and technical drifts relating to translating research outputs into disseminable information for smallholder farmers, as well as the inefficiencies of transferring small grant amounts through the university systems (Table 1).	cache/ijcre-4868.pdf	txt/ijcre-4868.txt