2022 | 75/2 | 269–287 | 4 Figs. | 1 Tab. | 2 Appx. | www.geologia-croatica.hr Journal of the Croatian Geological Survey and the Croatian Geological Society 1. INTRODUCTION Since 2011, one of the major concerns of the European Commis- sion has been a sustainable supply of the critical materials to maintain and develop the European industries (European Com- mission, 2011). The European Commission Communication listed 27 critical raw materials in 2017 (European Commission, 2017). The ADRIA region hosts significant primary geological potential for six of these critical materials, namely antimony, barite, bauxite, borate, lithium and Mg (magnesite). With the ex- ception of borates and lithium, these primary commodities were exploited prior to the conflicts in the region during the 1990s when the ADRIA region generated 11% of the world’s magnesite, 5% of the bauxite, 5% of the antimony, and 3% of world’s barite production (REICHL & SCHATZ, 2021). Due to a complex geopolitical situation, geological data from the ADRIA region are outdated, segmented, and limited, and largely not included in the pan-European mineral deposits databases: Minerals4EU and ProMine. The EU commission review of the list of critical raw materials (European Commission, 2017) has not taken into consideration the CRM potential of the ADRIA region, even though non-EU ADRIA countries, including Bosnia and Herze- govina, are following the European path of Slovenia and Croatia, and initiating access negotiations with significant funding The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina): an exploration and exploitation perspective Sibila Borojević Šoštarić1, Anže Markelj2, Eldar Jašarević3 and Angelika Haindl4 1 Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Mineral Resources, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (sibila.borojevic-sostaric@rgn.unizg.hr) 2 Geology Survey of Slovenia, Department for Regional geology, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (anze.markelj@geo-zs.si) 3 Mining Institute Tuzla, Scientific Research Center for Geology, Geotechnics and Civil Engineering, Rudarska 72, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina; (eldar.jasarevic@rudarskiinstituttuzla.ba) 4 Chair of Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics, Department Mineral Resources Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (angelika.haindl@unileoben.ac.at) doi: 10.4154/gc.2022.16 Abstract This paper presents the critical raw materials (CRM) potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite deposits in Bosnia and Herzegovina, discusses their metallogeny and joint geologi- cal features, and explains the methodology of the InvestRM application and evaluation criteria for the selected commodities in the following steps: (1) preparation of the geological data tem- plates, (2) evaluation and verification of the geological data, (3) ranking of deposits according to the geological data relating to quality and quantity, and (4) identification of the 10+ perspective deposits. Existing geological datasets show the existence of significant potential in primary CRM such as bauxite (56 Mt), magnesite (4 Mt), and antimony (0.2 Mt) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The geological settings of BiH provide favourable metallogenetic conditions primarily for bauxite and magnesite deposits but also for antimony within polymetallic deposits, while fluor- spar is rather rare. Our methodology described herein led to the selection of the following four- teen deposits for further geological prospection and investment: the polymetallic antimony de- posits Čemernica and Podhrusanj, antimony fields Srebrenica and Rupice; magnesite fields Kladanj, Banja Luka, Teslić and Novi Šeher and bauxite regions Vlasenica-Srebrenica, Grmeč Mountain deposits in Una-Sana region and South Bosnia regions from Posušje to Trebinje. A basic economic calculation based on the world producer ranking and a self-sustainability and economic contribution assessment shows that further investments in geological exploration and mining of antimony, magnesite, and bauxite CRM could place BiH on the list of important pro- ducers of these commodities in Europe. through the mechanism of pre-structural aid, and will join the European family in the future. Currently, China is the leading supplier of several important raw materials, including antimony (87%), magnesium (87%), and Rare Earth Elements commonly present in some bauxites (95%) (European Commission 2017). The dependence on China increases the risk of supply shortages and supply vulnerability along the value chain. Bosnia and Herzegovina still have significant potential in primary critical raw materials (antimony, bauxite, magnesite), while the current production is negligible even though operating quarries, open pits, and mines represent important and strategic assets. Many large deposits, such as the Vareš, Srebrenica area, West Herzegovina, and the Jajce bauxite deposits, are known to European investors from past exploitation. A long mining tradi- tion, existing geological potential, and the strategic position of the country close to the production centers of the major European industries still hasn’t resulted in a significant rate of investment in the mining of the critical raw materials in Bosnia and Herze- govina. Some of the main issues preventing investments are the complexity of the internal organizational structure covering ex- ploitation and exploration licensing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the fragmentation, quality, and quantity of existing geologi- cal datasets. Article history: Manuscript received November 18, 2021 Revised manuscript accepted February 23, 2022 Available online June 23, 2022 Keywords: CRM exploration, Mining potential, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central Dinarides, Antimony, Bauxite, Fluorite, Magnesite G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2270 In response to the aforementioned shortcomings, the aim of this paper is to: 1. Present the metallogeny and joint geological features of the selected 120+ antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magne- site deposits in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2. Present the developed InvestRM application and evalua- tion criteria for the deposits in Bosnia and Herzegovina (https://investrm.eu/app-tb/), 3. Implement evaluation criteria for the 120+ antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite deposits, and select the 10 highest-ranking deposits, and 4. Investigate and discuss the exploration and mining poten- tial of the selected deposits. 2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Dinarides are a folded, thrusted, and imbricated belt located between the Southern Alps in the northwest and the Hellenides in the south and southeast (PAMIĆ et al., 1998). The territory of BiH encompasses part of the Dinarides, consisting of several de- tachments of tectonostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units of different origin and stratigraphic sequences related to the Alpine- Carpathian orogenic process of the Palaeozoic to Neogene age (PAMIĆ et al., 1998; SCHMID et al., 2008). The predominant structures are several thrusts with SW vergence, which, at a re- gional scale, resulted in knappes and local klippes thrust on top of one another in today’s position. The Dinarides are divided into several tectonic units, which include external and internal sectors from the Adriatic Sea units towards the NE up to the adjoining Tisia mega-tectonic unit (zonation follows those reviews by PAMIĆ et al. (1998) and DIMITRIJEVIĆ (1982, 1997); Fig. 1): 1) The Adriatic Carbonate Platform hosting bauxite occur- rences and deposits, 2) Palaeozoic basement units with surrounding Bosnian Flysch, hosting antimony, fluorspar, and bauxite deposits, 3) Dinaric Ophiolitic Zone hosting magnesite deposits, and 4) Sava-Vardar Zone hosting antimony deposits. The Adriatic Carbonate Platform and its correlatives, to- gether with the East Bosnian-Durmitor zone, constitute the Ex- ternal Dinarides, while the Dinaric Ophiolite zone and the Sava – Vardar zone represents units of the Internal Dinarides. The Adriatic Carbonate Platform comprises an Upper Palaeozoic basement, overlain by Upper Permian to Norian clastic sediments and platform carbonates with penecontemporaneous rift-related igneous rocks, the Norian-Lutethian carbonate platform, and Eo- cene overstep flysch sequences. The internal and external units of the Dinarides both contain exposed Palaeozoic basement units that have undergone various degrees of metamorphism (mainly up to greenschist, in some cases up to epidote-amphibolite facies conditions). The Palaeozoic basement units are composed of Or- dovician to Carboniferous (Permian) metasediments (dominantly Carboniferous flysch and Permian molasse-type deposits) and metavolcanics mainly overlain by a Triassic carbonate-clastic cover. The degree of metamorphism increases from the northwest towards the southeast, whereas the age of metamorphism ranges from Variscan to Alpine. The Bosnian Flysch is a 4000-5000 m thick passive continental margin carbonate-clastic tectonostrati- graphic unit of Jurassic to Late Cretaceous age. The Dinaric Ophiolite zone consists of Mesozoic radiolarite sequences with basalt, greywacke, and shale and an ophiolite mélange, ultramafic thrust sheets, and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and Late Cre- taceous overstep sequences. The Sava-Vardar zone contains Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene flysch sequences with volcanics, tec- tonized ophiolite mélange, regionally metamorphosed sequences originating from the surrounding Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene rocks and synkinematic granitoids. The geodynamic evolution of the Dinarides began with the Early Permian rifting of the Palaeozoic basement rocks (BOROJEVIĆ ŠOŠTARIĆ et al., 2009; BOROJEVIĆ ŠOŠTARIĆ et al., 2012), followed by the opening of the Tethyan ocean in the Late Triassic and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous subduction and emplacement of the Dinaric ophiolites (PAMIĆ et al., 1998). Parts of the Sava-Vardar zone remained open until the Early Palaeogene (SCHMID et al., 2008). 3. GEOLOGY AND METALLOGENY OF THE CRM DEPOSITS 3.1. Antimony (a) Palaeozoic, continental rift-related polymetallic hydrothermal deposits a. The quartz-Sb-polymetallic (Zn, Hg, As, Ag) hydrother- mal deposits of the Mid-Bosnian Schists Mts. form a mineralizing zone of 3×0,3 km around Fojnička Banja, Gradina and Čemernica with numerous veins and tabular- ore bodies with a maximum thickness of 1,2 metres. The largest deposit in this ore field is Čemernica, hosted within Carboniferous-Permian quartz-muscovite schists, sand- stones, and carbonates. Čemernica is a hydrothermal vein-type to tabular type of deposit containing, stibnite, stibarsene, cinabarite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, boulan ge- rite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite within a quartz matrix. The metal content is highly variable ( Sb= 0,2-15%; Zn = 2-10%; Ag=50-200ppm; Hg=0,01-0,1%; (JURKOVIĆ et al., 1999). b. The barite-Pb-Zn-Sb vein-type hydrothermal mineraliza- tion with 0,1-0,4% of Sb (Totinovac-Viduša) located near Jajce, is hosted within a Carboniferous-Permian rift-related sequence in the vicinity of a Palaeozoic quartz-porphyry. Irregular veins, 0,1 – 0,5 m thick, and metasomatic bodies are composed of barite, galena, sphalerite, luzonite, stib- nite, stibarsen and cinnabarite (RAMOVIĆ et al., 1979). c. The quartz-Sb vein-type hydrothermal deposit Podhrusanj is hosted within Palaeozoic schists, sandstones, and car- bonate rocks of the southeastern Bosnia Drina-Ivanjica unit and is considered to be related to the granitic and sy- enite intrusion near Čajniče (PAMIĆ, 1982; KUBAT, 1982; 1995). The mineralization is located at the contact zone between the impermeable schists and permeable limestones. Average amounts of antimony in the mine- ralized carbonates vary from 1,1% to 3,4% of Sb ( KUBAT 1982; 1995). d. The small-scale polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Sb) vein and meta- somatic replacement type deposit of Podkozara belongs to a similar setting as the Podhrusanj deposit (Drina-Ivanjica unit; (RAMOVIĆ et al., 1979)). (b) Triassic advanced rift-related hydrothermal antimony deposits a. The barite-polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Hg, Sb) hydrothermal vein-type and metasomatic deposits at the Rupice field (Rupice, Rid, Veliki do, Križ, Veovača) are located within Upper Palaeozoic to Middle Triassic continental rift-related sandstone, limestone, and dolostone. The deposits are pri- marily mined for barite and Pb-Zn mineralization (Pb+Zn) = 2,3 – 6,5%, whereas the antimony-bearing minerals stib- G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 271 nite, tetrahedrite, and boulangerite on average contain Sb between 0,05 and 4,9%. The ore also contains Ag of 65 g/t; Au of 0,3 g/t; Cu of 0,1%, and Hg of 0,02% (OPERTA & HYSENI, 2016). Based on the superposition and sedimen- tary evidence, these deposits are considered to be related to a middle – upper Triassic advanced rift setting. (c) Oligocene post-collisional deposits of the Sava-Vardar zone The polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Sb, Ag) vein and metasomatic type hydrothermal deposits of the Srebrenice field (Lisac, Vitlovac, Čumavić) are related to the Oligocene dacite, andesite, and asso- ciated volcanoclastic formations that intruded into Palaeozoic schists. The typical mineralogy of galena, sphalerite, siderite, chalcopyrite, stibnite, and pyrrhotite is accompanied by various sulfosalts containing Pb, Sb, Cu, Bi, Ag (ZARIĆ et al., 2000). Small-scale greisen-type Sn-bearing mineralization developed at the magmatic-schists contact zone. 3.2. Bauxite (a) External Dinaride bauxites a. The South Bosnia region (Herzegovina; (BURIĆ & ŽIVALJEVIĆ, 1979)) i. Around 80 Upper Jurassic deposits (Viduša) are em- bedded within the Upper Jurassic limestone and do- lostone near Viduša Mt. in a 25 km long zone. The deposits are saddle-shape, of boehmite to gibbsite type, and contain 44-62% of Al2O3, 2-10% of SiO2, and 11-19% of Fe2O3. ii. The most productive deposits are Upper Cretaceous – Palaeogene in age, embedded between Upper Cre- taceous to Palaeogene carbonate rocks, with overly- ing Liburinan beds, alevoline-numulite limestones, flysch sediments or Promina beds (Čitluk region: Blatnica-Lokvice, Mamići-Rasno-Hamzići, Ošljari- Figure 1. a. Geological scheme of studied area modified after PAMIĆ (1998), TOMLJENOVIĆ (2008) and PALINKAŠ (2008) with distribution of deposits and occur- rences and corresponding keys-numbers linked to Appendix 2, Tables 1-4; b. Regional geological setting according to PAMIĆ (1998) with emplacement (red bound- ed) of studied area. G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2272 Krivodol, Služanj, Vitina-Lipno; Lištica region: Crne lokve-Kidačke njive, Resnica-Grabova draga, Uzarici-Knežpolje, Varda planina; Mostar region: Žovnica, Krstače-Cerovi doci; Posušje region: Mratnjača-Medine stanine, Podzavelin-Vinica, Studena Vrela, Trebistovo-Sobač, Vinjani, Volujak- Kadim, Vučipolje, Zagorje; Stolac region: Dabrica, Gornji Brštanik, Hrgud). The boehmite-type depos- its occur as lensoid layers/pockets within palaeokarst depressions with a maximum thickness of 15 metres. In the majority of the deposits, the amount of Al2O3 is high (47-56%), with proportionally low SiO2 (<10%). With an increase in SiO2 of up to 18%, the amount of Al2O3 decreases to 42%. Some stratigraphically slightly higher horizons, overlying alevoline-numulite limestones (Čitluk region: Krehin gradac-Blizanci, Stolac region: Bivolje brdo-Domanovići, Poplat) are smaller in size and of lower economic interest, containing 45-49% Al2O3 and variable amounts of SiO2 (0,1-14%). iii. The Upper Cretaceous – Neogene deposits (Lištica region: Trn-Sliškovića lokve) overlie Upper Creta- ceous rudist limestones and are overlain by Neogene clayey marls. These deposits are of bauxite clay type, containing high SiO2 (14-33%) and low variable amounts of Al2O3 (30-42%). b. The Northwestern Bosnia region (Bosanska Krajina; (BURIĆ & ŽIVALJEVIĆ 1979)) i. The Middle Triassic deposits (Bjelaj, Veliki Skočaj) occur within palaeokarst surfaces of the Middle Tri- assic limestones as irregular layer-like lenses and pockets covered with Raibl Beds and Upper Triassic dolostone. The deposit thickness varies between 2 and 12 metres. Ooid to pisoid structures are common. The amount of Al2O3 (boehmite, rarely gibbsite) var- ies between 29 and 69%, whereas Fe2O3 varies be- tween 2 and 20%, which affects the colour (white, pink, red bauxites). These deposits contain an avera ge of 3% TiO2, whereas the amount of SiO2 is variable and high (2 – 40%). ii. The Upper Jurassic deposits (Krnjeuša-Bravski vrh- Crni vrh) occur as irregular lenses and nests within the Lower Jurassic limestones and are covered with Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous limestones. Bauxites are boehmite in origin, with high Al2O3 (58-69%), low SiO2 (3-8%), and an average of 3% TiO2. iii. The Upper Cretaceous deposits (Pritoka-Tihotina- Trovrh, Suvaja-Šolaja) are embedded within rudist limestone of Upper Cretaceous age. These deposits are layered to lensoidal, boehmite-type, with an ooid to pisoid structure, containing the highest quality Al2O3-ore (55-75%), with very low SiO2 (0-5%), and an average of 3% TiO2. (b) Internal Dinarides Cretaceous bauxites a. Central Bosnia region (Jajce) The largest Cretaceous karst bauxite deposits are located in the Jajce region (Bešpelj-Crvene stijene, Poljana, Lisko- vica) and cover an area of nearly 350 km2. The formation of these deposits occurred during the 20 million-year terrestrial phase in the stratigraphic range from the Upper Albian to the Santonian-Campanian that resulted in tectonic-erosional dis- cordance. The Jajce bauxite deposits are of boehmite-type and differ in shape and geometry: lenticular, canyon-like, graben type, sinkhole type, and tetanized. The hanging wall of the bauxites is rudist-coral-bryozoan limestones or carbonate breccias of Santonian-Campanian age (DRAGIČEVIĆ et al., 2019). b. Vlasenica-Srebrenica region The Cretaceous karst bauxite deposits of the Vlasenica-Sre- brenica region (Palež, Podbraćan, Šumarnica, Štedra, Cr- vene stijene, Kosturi, Gerovi, Dragošnica, Žedanjsko, Pribojevići, Kutuzero) are similar to the other Internal Di- naride deposits of the Zlatibor and Poćuta area in Serbia and the Grebnik area in Kosovo. The bauxite deposits of the Vlasenica-Srebrenica region are located in a 30 × 4 km NW- SE trending zone in karst depressions in the Middle Triassic limestones and are covered by Upper Cretaceous limestones and/or a series of Neogene conglomerates, sands, and clays (DANGIĆ, 2015). The bauxites are brown-red, hard boe- hmite-haematite in composition (+anatas, brucite) with oo- litic-pisolitic structure and appear in beds, lenses, and pocket fillings, sometimes over 40 m thick. The deposits vary in size from a few tens of thousands to over 10 million tons of bauxite (Braćan). Secondary kaolinitization is common, as well as the formation of diaspore. 3.3. Fluorite (a) Early Palaeozoic continental rift-related deposits i. As-polymetallic deposits with fluorite The arsenic-polymetallic (As, Sb, Hg, Ba, F) hydrother- mal deposit Hrmza is located near Kreševo in the Mid- Bosnian Schist Mts. The ore-bearing rocks are Permo- Carboniferous phyllites, sandstones, and breccias. The mineralized zone is 0,5 to 3,0 m wide and consists of veins, impregnations, and nests. The main minerals are realgar and orpiment, followed by accessory fluorite, py- rite, bravoite, barite, muscovite, sphalerite, tourmaline, rutile, and antimonite. The fluorite has a dark purple color, and forms hexahedron crystals up to 1 cm in size. The tourmaline occurs regularly in veins alongside rutile and less commonly with fluorite. The quartz is mostly idiomorphically developed. The mineralogy points to a transition from a pneumatolytic to a hydrothermal phase, with fluorite precipitating late (JELIĆ, 1979). ii. Carbonate-hosted barite-fluorite deposits The mineralized zone containing the barite-fluorite de- posits of Mt. Meovršje is about 22 km long and 2 to 4 km wide and represents part of the Mid-Bosnian Schist Mountains (JELIĆ, 1979). The Meovršje Mt. encompasses a 300 m thick Devonian carbonate complex, containing predominantly light-gray dolostone, followed by limestone and marble limestone. The underlying metamorphic complex contains chlorite and muscovite schists, phyllite, quartzite, and lydite. The carbonate complex hosts most of the barite deposits, which occur as impregnations, variously sized veins, or irregular bodies. The barite deposits appear as almost monomineralic bari te bodies, barite-quartz veins, barite-fluorite veins (Meovršje), and barite-tetrahedrite veins. In the barite- fluorite veins, the fluorite has an octahedral habit, and is colourless, violet, or transparent. The octahedral habit G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 273 indicates that the formation of fluorite took place under temperatures >200°C. The Meovršje deposit contains predominantly barite (90 - 99 % wt. BaSO4 and about 6 % wt. SrSO4), ferroan do- lomite, calcite, Hg-Sb tetrahedrite, quartz, pyrite, fluorite, and enargite. The accessory minerals are chalcopyrite, sphalerite, antimonite, sericite, tourmaline, and rutile (JELIĆ, 1979). The barite-fluorite deposit Žune in NW Bosnia lies within the Upper Palaeozoic dolostone close to the con- tact with Lower Triassic schists and sandstones. The structure and texture of the vein show some evidence of hydraulic fracturing, an important indicator of boiling of hydrothermal fluid, as recognized in the fluid inclusion studies (PALINKAŠ et al., 2016). The barite-fluorite vein is 3 to 9 m thick and vertically cuts the Upper Pa- laeozoic dolomites in an E–W direction. The contact zone consists of metasomatically recrystallized host dolomite with strings of tiny barite veins and impregnations. The central part of the vein consists of pure barite and some fluorite. The fluorite is mostly violet but can be blue to yellowish and has an octahedral habit. The accessories are calcite, quartz, sulfides and sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, cinnabarite, pyrite, realgar), and Au (JEREMIĆ, 1958). iii. Carbonate-hosted barite-siderite-fluorite deposits The Vidrenjak-Ljubija deposit in NW Bosnia has a simi lar setting within the Upper Palaeozoic carbonate complex. However, the mineralization is discordant and irregular and contains siderite, limonite, sandy barite, and fluorite. (b) Oligocene post-collisional occurrences Rare occurrences of fluorite are found within pneumato- lytic-hydrothermal alterations of S-type granitoids in the Motajica Mts. 3.4. Magnesite deposits of the Central Dinaride ophiolitic zone The Bosnian magnesite deposits and occurrences are genetically linked with serpentinized peridotite and dunite rocks of the Cen- tral Dinaric Ophiolite zone of Jurassic age (Appendix 2, Table 4). The quality and quantity of the magnesite increase from the northwestern Kozara-Pastirevo region towards the southeastern Krivaja-Konjuh region and the Zlatibor region. The Bosnian de- posits are of the Kraubath-type and appear as several hundred- metre long veins, veinlets, and impregnations of various thick- nesses, containing micro-crystalline magnesite with variable primary carbonates (dolomite, calcite), and quartz (ILIĆ & JELIĆ, 1979; JURKOVIĆ et al., 2012). The vein-type ore varies between massive, banded, and brecciate and is up to 7-8 metres thick. About 25% of the reviewed magnesite deposits contain more than 40% MgO (Appendix 2, Table 4). The previous exploi- tation was mainly underground. Brecciated fine-grained magne- site deposits are often cemented with coarse-grained neomagne- site or silica (quartz, opal, chalcedony), and contain remnants of the host-serpentinite, magnetite, or chromite. In the upper part of the deposits, silica veins and veinlets are very abundant, cross- cutting and prevailing over primary magnesite. Fe-hydroxide and Mn-oxide occur as a weak coating over the magnesite. As a rule, the orientation of the majority of the micro-crys- talline Bosnian magnesite veins follows the major Alpine tectonic structure oriented in a NW-SE direction. The oldest veins are of Early Cretaceous age, coeval with the onset of lateritization in the Dinarides. Their vicinity close to the Oligocene-Miocene vol- canic/plutonic rocks (Moševac, and Vlasenica-Srebrenica fields), as well as the observed tectonic setting and textural sub-types (breccia-type) lead to the conclusion that their origin lies near the surface epithermal processes related to post-collisional magma- tism in the Dinarides (ILIĆ & JELIĆ, 1979). 4. METHODOLOGY 4.1. InvestRM methodology The development of the methodology within the InvestRM pro- ject is divided into several complementary phases (Fig. 2). Through constant feedback from project partners and from pub- lic presentations at project info days, the methodology was con- tinuously improved, resulting in the selection of high-potential deposits for exploration or reinstating abandoned or ongoing min- ing activities. 1st phase: Geological data template Geological templates gather available non-confidential geo- logical data and tailor them to be aligned with: – transferability to existing comparable international raw materials databases (EGDI-European Geological Data In- frastructure: http://www.europe-geology.eu/) Figure 2. Invest RM methodology divided into complementing phases. G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2274 – InvestRM standardization for antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite occurrence types in the Dinarides – Terminology aligned with INSPIRE – Presenting essential data for evaluation of exploration and mining potential The geological template contains information on the geo- logical characteristics of each of the 126 deposits (basic deposit information, deposit characteristics), supplemented with infor- mation on raw materials, reserve, processing, waste/environmen- tal characteristics, additional info and references, thus enabling data harvesting and linking to the existing international raw ma- terials deposits databases such as EGDI (EuroGeoSurveys’ Eu- ropean Geological Data Infrastructure; http://www.europe-geo- logy.eu), and comparison with deposits worldwide. This is essential considering that the addressed critical raw materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina are currently only partly presented in worldwide databases. Geological datasets have been extracted from available elaborates, technical documentation, reports, sci- entific papers, and geological maps. Between the 1960s and the late 1980s, a mapping campaign supported by the government of the former Yugoslavia responsible for the economic growth and planning resulted in geological maps at a scale of 1:100.000 for the entire territory of the former state. Following the mapping campaign, ČIČIĆ and co-authors (1979) provided a comprehen- sive overview of the targeted raw materials in a book covering ferrous, non-ferrous, and industrial commodities, as well as the energy generating materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was used as a starting point for geological data extraction and supplemented with recent publications on the selected deposits. 2nd phase: Evaluation and verification of geological data. For each of the 126 deposits/occurrences, the investment po- tential was estimated. The selection criteria were extracted from the World Risk Report (2017), whereas setting and adjusting the specific parameters for the selection criteria was done by the In- vestRM consortia and consists of: (a) geological criteria (a level of current geological knowledge, i.e., data quality and quantity), and (b) non-geological criteria (social licensing, environmental management, project permits, skills availability). Specific param- eters for the geological criteria were set up separately for indi- vidual raw materials and are described in Appendix 1. These include quality and quantity criteria summarizing reserves, ex- ploration level, and favourable geological characteristics. Re- serves are aligned with the law governing geological exploration (Official Gazette of the FBiH No. 9/10) and the rulebook on clas- sification, categorization, and calculation of solid mineral raw material reserves and keeping records on them (Official Gazette of the FBiH No. 36/12). Reserves encompass A, B and C₁ categories (proven and measured), whereas resources are used for C₂, D₁ and D₂ catego- ries (indicated and inferred) in line with the Official Gazette of the FBiH No. 36/12. Used literature sources for Appendix 2 do not contain subdivided economical and non-economical reserves. 3rd phase: Deposit ranking The principal parameters influencing ranking are the geo- logical data quality (complete and relevant datasets from the ge- ological data template) and data quantity (reserves, available past exploration data), as well as social licensing, environmental man- agement, and project permits. Parameters were weighed and as- signed to ranks A, B or C, respectively, whereby A denoted ex- cellent data with defined and up to date characteristics, B encompasses good-sufficient geological data, and C means no or minimal geological data with poorly estimated reserves and re- sources. The deposits considered to be the most potentially viable among the A rank deposits, namely those meeting all established criteria, were defined as A+ deposits with highly lucrative invest- ment opportunities. The evaluated deposits were ranked and pre- sented in detail in Appendix 2 (Tables 1-4). 4th phase: Recognized 10+ perspective deposits Deposits ranked A+ were described as highly lucrative in- vestment opportunities, while A ranked deposits also present in- vestment opportunities but do not meet all the predefined criteria. A number of A ranked deposits could be upgraded to A+ depos- its by providing additional datasets as part of the geological prospection. 4.2. Indicators to evaluate exploration and mining potential The exploration potential was estimated based on the geological setting of the wider area around an occurrence and the available data from previous exploration campaigns regarding the level of Figure 3. Data sources and processes used to calculate indicators of mining potential (Copyright of original data used from World integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) belong to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Conclusions and analyzes based on this data are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the WTO. LOM = Life Of Mine) G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 275 uncertainty. The type of exploration method and targeted raw material (in polymetallic deposits) was also important in defin- ing the exploration potential. Reserves are a further important indicator (aligned with a valid classification and categorization method – Appendix 2 (Tables 1-4). To calculate the mining potential based on the geological data and economic information using the InvestRM tool, three indicators - world producer ranking, self-sustainability, and eco- nomic contribution - are introduced (Fig. 3). The first indicator, ‘world producer ranking’, compares the theoretically mineable tons to the world production and helps to position Bosnia-Herzegovina on the global ranking list. The sec- ond indicator, ‘self-sustainability’, relates produced and imported tons, thus showing the ratio of materials derived from within BiH and is thus an indicator of self-sustainability. The last indicator, ‘economic contribution’, evaluates the contribution of the coun- try’s mines to Bosnia-Herzegovina’s economy in terms of taxed profits. A very simplified dynamic calculation method is applied to determine this value, as the input factors are based on assump- tions. The calculation results based on current reserve tonnages are compared to numbers gained after upgrading C1 and C2 re- sources to A or B reserves. 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1. Exploration potential The exploration potential of a specific mineral commodity de- pends on the geological potential, the number and distribution of occurrences and deposits in an area. Out of the total of 126 depos- its of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 106 (or 84% of the investigated sites) are magnesite and bauxite deposits containing millions of tons of reserves and resources and showing high exploration potential (Table 1). When comparing all the reserves and resources, bauxites have the great- est exploration potential, followed by magnesite, antimony, and fluorspar (Table 1). The following results were obtained by apply- ing the InvestRM methodology to the 126 investigated deposits: 1. Three out of five fluorspar deposits were evaluated as A+ deposits. A field reconnaissance investigating the three deposits indicated that only the Žune locality met each of the predefined criteria for the A+ rank. 2. Four of thirteen antimony deposits were evaluated as A+ deposits. The Čemernica and Podhrusanj deposits are aban- doned deposits, while the Rupice and Veovača deposits are currently under development with an exploration license. 3. Six of fifty-seven magnesite deposits were evaluated as A+ deposits, including the magnesite field Kladanj with the most prospective operating deposit Miljevica and the poorly explored occurrences at Zeničica and Drinjača, all part of the Kladanj magnesite region. Furthermore, the abandoned deposit of Ošve, which is part of the Novi Šeher magnesite field, was recognized as a highly prospective deposit. The magnesite regions of Teslić, with several abandoned deposits, and Snjegotina, with nine deposits currently not operating, were also highly ranked (A+). 4. Fourteen out of fifty-one bauxite deposits were evaluated as A+ deposits. Of these, we highlight three perspective regions, namely the Krnjeuša-Bravski vrh-Crni vrh and Pritoka-Tihotina-Trovrh fields, with exploration licenses, and Vlasenica-Srebrenica, with several operational de- posits. In the areas listed above, the geological potential indicates highly lucrative investment opportunities with some additional exploration required to prove the reserves and resources esti- mated during previous campaigns. The magnesite and bauxite areas show a high prospectivity for exploration – with regions evaluated as A+ or A representing several deposits/regions con- trolled by the regional geological setting. In cases of positively evaluated magnesite, only the operational deposits were studied in detail. The areas surrounding existing deposits can hold addi- tional reserves and resources, but this study included only oper- ational or abandoned sites. Abandoned deposits were categorized into the group of prospective sites when exploitation (or explora- tion) activities were undertaken there in the past, and the deposit was later abandoned for various reasons, such as feasibility, leg- islation, or environmental hazards resulting from inappropriate exploitation and processing techniques. Larger areas present huge investment opportunities especially for long-term projects. Magnesite and bauxite occurrences are generally ranked based on the amount of available data on reserves and resources and the quality of the data because these two CRM represent the primary or sole RM mined in the chosen deposits. Antimony and fluorite usually occur as secondary minerals in economically more interesting, predominantly Pb-Zn-Fe, or barite deposits. Therefore, reserves and resources are usually estimated, and the geological settings of studied areas were used as a key criterion. Prospective fluorspar and antimony occurrences were studied in the InvestRM consortium to provide the possible geological po- tential for further exploration and feasibility studies. 5.1.1. Bauxite Bauxite deposits and occurrences are related to the Adriatic Car- bonate Platform and the internal Dinaride Cretaceous karst units. Several promising bauxite-bearing areas have a high exploration potential (Table 1): (1) The Internal Dinarides Cretaceous karst deposit of the Vlasenica- Srebrenica region in eastern Bosnia hosts 12.950.000 t (MITROVIĆ, 2011) of reserves, represent- ing 25% of the total bauxite reserves in BiH. Active ex- ploitation is operated by the company Bauxite a.d. from Milići. (2) Grmeč mountain in the Una-Sana region has potential reserves (resources), with the bauxite-bearing potential estimated to be about 20.000.000 t (ČIČIĆ, 1979), and has no active exploitation. (3) The External Dinarides bauxite of the South Bosnia re- gion (Posušje to Trebinje), based on the number of regis- tered bauxite deposits and occurrences, is an area with Table 1. Reserve, resources and exploration potential of flourspar, antimony, magnesite and bauxite in BiH (data compiled after references used in verification and evaluation process: BODULIĆ et al., (2018); BURIĆ et al., (1979); CVIJIĆ et. al., (1979); CVIJIĆ (2004); ČIČIĆ (1979); DANGIĆ (1978, 1988, 2015); GRUBIĆ (1975); GRUBIĆ et al., (2016); JAŠAREVIĆ et al., (2013); JEJINA et. al., (1977); JURIĆ (1973); JURKOVIĆ (1961); KUBAT et. al. (1973); KUBAT (1995), MITROVIĆ (2011); OPERTA et al., (2018), PAVIČIĆ et al., (2018); RAMOVIĆ (1963) RAMOVIĆ et al. (1979); SUNARIĆ-PAMIĆ et al. (1988); TODOROVIĆ (2016). Raw material No. of deposits/ Occurrences Total reserves (A+B+C1) Total resources (C2+D1+D2) Exploration potential Fluorspar 5 LOW HIGH Antimony 13 100.000 t 115.000 t Magnesite 57 537.784 t 3.414.700 t Bauxite 51 35.067.305 t 20.852.000 t G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2276 potential for further bauxite exploration (BURIĆ & ŽIVALJEVIĆ, 1979). Active exploitation is operated by the company Bauxite Mines d.o.o. from Posušje. 5.1.2. Magnesite Magnesite deposits and occurrences in BiH are spatially and ge- netically related to the Ophiolite zone of the Dinarides. Accord- ing to the degree of exploration, the most economically interest- ing magnesite regions are (as shown in Table 1): (1) The magnesite field of Kladanj which is a highly ex- plored area with proven reserves of 193.484 t and a po- tential of 67.100 t (HODŽIĆ & DJEDOVIĆ, 2014). Ac- tive exploitation is operated by the company Rudar d.o.o. from Tuzla. (2) The Banja Luka magnesite field, with a low level of ex- ploration and high-potential reserves exceeding 1.400.000 tons. It mainly belongs to the Snjegotina magnesite field (Jelovac = 420.000 t; Pločni = 437.757 t; (ILIĆ & JELIĆ, 1979). The Snjegotina field contains 25 magnesite occur- rences investigated in detail, and more than 40 were par- tially investigated. Previous research (ILIĆ & JELIĆ, 1979) yielded a promising geological and economic as- sessment. Further research would likely result in addi- tional discoveries. (3) The magnesite field of Teslić, has three promising sites, namely Blatnica (260.000 t), Bukovački jarak (120.000 t) and Milošev jarak (377.000 t) (ILIĆ & JELIĆ, 1979). Magnesite bearing rocks include hornfels, amphibolite, and pyroxenite together with predominant serpentinized peridotite, whereby the magnesites have a high SiO2 and CaO contents. Semi-industrial-scale tests were conducted to explore the possibility of magnesite enrichment by vari ous methods, with two-stage flotation giving optimal results (ČIČIĆ, 1979). Further industrial-scale testing is necessary to determine the techno-economic factors and classify proven reserves. (4) The magnesite field of Novi Šeher contains the Ošve de- posit with 215.000 t of resources (150.000 t C1 + 65.000 t C2). Chemical analysis (ČIČIĆ, 1979) has shown that the raw material is largely suitable for the production of met- allurgical sinter, but not for the production of high-refrac- tory bricks due to the elevated SiO2 and CaO contents. Semi-industrial f lotation experiments (ČIČIĆ, 1979) yielded promising results, similar to those for Teslić, and should be complemented with industrial-scale testing. 5.1.3. Antimony Economically interesting concentrations of antimony in BiH are spatially distributed across several areas, regions, or zones: (1) Palaeozoic, continental rift-related polymetallic hydro- thermal deposits a. The Central Bosnian Ore Mountains area (Čemernica and Fojnica deposits) contains Ag, Hg and Zn. The mineralized zone of Čemernica is about 4.5 km long and about 120 m wide. Several ore veins were detected there, and the main ore vein was mined to the level of the Čemernica stream. Analyses show that the Čemernica ore is an Sb, Hg, Zn and Ag ore enriched in W and Au. Antimony ore reserves of the A + B + C1 categories contain 299,235 t with contents of 3.3% Sb, 5.7% Zn, and 96 ppm Ag (JURKOVIĆ et al., 2012). Further exploration is needed to investi- gate the extent of mineralization and devise an extrac- tion methodology. b. The southeastern Bosnia (Podhrusanj) deposit was exploited for antimony ore from 1965 to 1975, during which time only high-grade ore with an antimony content of 4-5% was extracted. Reports from 1977 state that the A + B + C1 reserves contain 74,651 t of ore with an average Sb content of 3.2% (KUBAT, 1982; 1995). Potential reserves of the C2 category containing about 115,000 t with 1.1% of Sb were also reported. Based on the metallogenetic analysis, Kubat (KUBAT, 1982; 1995) reported that the Podhrusanj region is very interesting for further exploration. The Podhrusanj deposit has only been partially explored. Mineralized limestones of 0.5 - 1.5 m thickness ap- pear in the wider area of the deposit containing 410,500 t of A + B + C1 reserves with 3.4% Sb. Chemi- cal analysis has shown that the ore does not contain As or Pb concentrations in heavy liquid analysis (classes -20 +2 mm), and the concentration by flow tables (classes -2 +0 mm) yielded a valuable antimony concentrate with a weight content of 13.9% and an Sb content of 43%, with a utilization degree of 81%. (2) Oligocene post-collisional deposits of the Sava-Vardar zone a. The Srebrenica field in Eastern Bosnia (Čumavići) consists of a 1m thick and several hundred-metre long main vein containing 7% Sb, 2.8% Zn, 0.3% Pb, 0.05% Cu, 0.1% WO3, and 80 g/t Ag. Preliminary flo- tation extraction analyses have shown the possibility for concentrating Sb, Zn and Ag, while the Pb content is inadequate for economical extraction. The Čumavići deposit is only partially explored, showing D2 reserves of 500,000 t (KUBAT, 1982; 1995). About 100 ha of terrain around the village of Čumavići is considered promising due to the identified outcrops of antimony ore. (3) Triassic advanced rift-related hydrothermal antimony de- posits a. The Borovica-Vareš-Čevljanovići-Srednje ore zone (the Rupice, and Veovača deposits) consists of a complex polymetallic deposit of Ba-Zn-Pb ore with Sb and Hg. Significant geological research in combi- nation with exploration drilling on the Rupice deposit was carried out in the second half of the 20th century. Exploration results summarized by Kurtanović (KURTANOVIĆ, 1990) revealed reserves of 1,498,011 t with 3% Pb and 3,5% Zn. KUBAT (1982; 1995) estimated reserves of Sb in the host dolostone of up to tens of thousands of tons with an average an- timony content of 4,8%. The Veovača deposit, in comparison with the Rupice deposit, is characterized by a lower Sb content and a slightly higher Hg con- tent. Ore reserves and resources of all categories are over 6.000.000 t with an average BaSO4 content of 16,3%, Zn of 1,6%, Pb of 0,8%, Hg of 0,1%, and Sb of 0,1% (KUBAT, 1982; 1995), and there is the pos- sibility of discovering new ore resources in the north- east near the localities of Prijeljev and Orti. Although the Veovača location contains primarily Ba-Zn-Pb deposits, relatively low contents of Sb and Hg should G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 277 not be neglected in the extraction of useful compo- nents from ore. Within the Borovica-Vareš- Čevljanovići-Srednje ore zone, the Rupice and Veovača deposits are classified as prospective depos- its containing economic ore reserves (KUBAT, 1982; 1995). Geological exploration is currently ongoing. 5.1.4. Fluorites The occurrence of fluorite in BiH is small compared with the products of barite or arsenic mineralization. According to the scarce data, only five fluorite deposits were registered: Žune and Vidrenjak near Ljubija, Hrmza and Meovršje near Kreševo, and Pećine near Gornji Vakuf. Based on the results of previous research (PALINKAŠ et al., 2016), as well as the conducted field research, the Žune de- posit in the Ljubija ore area in the Republic of Srpska is the most promising. This deposit is Palaeozoic in age and hydrothermal in origin. It is represented by a single subvertical and partially de- pleted barite-fluorite vein that is several hundred metres long and has a maximum thickness of 10 m. The barite-fluorite vein is hosted by the Palaeozoic dolomites, near the contact with the Ver- fen shales and sandstones. The proportion of fluorite is usually about 20%, but it increases with depth, which presents an oppor- tunity for further exploration. The inferred fluorite reserves in this deposit are estimated to be 1.500 t. 5.2. Mining potential According to the World Mining Data (REICHL & SCHATZ, 2021), the contribution from Bosnia-Herzegovina to the mining of antimony, bauxite, fluorspar, and magnesite is comparatively low. Between 2015 and 2019, only bauxite (crude ore) and mag- nesite are listed, ranking Bosnia-Herzegovina in 18th place out of the 28 bauxite producers and in 22nd place of the 23 magnesite producers (REICHL & SCHATZ, 2021). Based on the geologi- cal potential identified for the four selected commodities, Bosnia- Herzegovina is capable of contributing much more. Following the methodology described in section 4.2, the three indicators for mining potential are discussed below, grouped by commodity. 5.2.1. Indicator 1: World Producer Ranking Antimony The world production of antimony was 125,478 metric tons in 2019, and at the same time, there was no production at the EU level. Looking at the two abandoned mines Čemernica and Pod- hursanj, a total of about 374 kt of reserves is estimated (A+B+C1 reserves). Assuming a mining loss of 20% and a mine lifetime of 30 years, BiH could produce about 350 tons of Sb per year. This would make the country Europe’s only producer of antimony and place it in 8th position in the world rankings (Fig. 4a). Magnesite A similar approach for magnesite shows a slightly different pic- ture. The world production of magnesite in 2019 was 27 million metric tons, with about 11% being mined in Europe (EC) and Bosnia-Herzegovina contributing with 1400 tons. Looking at the deposits that have been identified as highly graded investment opportunities and only focusing on the abandoned and closed mines, Bosnia-Herzegovina is capable of producing an additional 36 kt of magnesite1. This would improve the country’s position from 22nd to 16th in the rankings (Fig. 4b). Similar thoughts would be applicable for the bauxite and fluorite deposits and occurrences, but these are not emphasized here as Bosnia-Herzegovina already mines more than 1 million metric tons of bauxite per year, and fluorite occurrences will not play a major role based on the currently available data. 5.2.2. Indicator 2: Self-sustainability A vital topic is the importing of necessary commodities. Cur- rently, Bosnia-Herzegovina does not import any antimony ores and concentrates but imports about 2 to 3 tons of antimony oxides per year. Assuming a working processing technique, the stibnite deposits could provide around 2 tons of antimony per year. De- pending on the field of application, Bosnia-Herzegovina may re- duce the required imports and could even start exporting anti- mony ores. The European Union imports roughly 4 kt of antimony ores and would benefit from a local provider (World Trade Or- ganization, 2021). Imports of magnesite vary, whereby it was 105 tons of sin- tered magnesite in 2019 (World Trade Organization, 2021). With the additional tonnage from the mines currently not operating, the magnesite mined in Bosnia-Herzegovina could reach self- sustainability and BiH could become an exporter. Numbers on bauxite imports as crude ore are difficult to identify. Aluminum ore and concentrate imports amounted to 210 1 Taking the available resources upgraded to reserves (amount reduced by 25%) and assuming again a lifetime of 30 years for the underground mine operation, the deposits at Blatnica, Bukovični jarak and Milošev jarak from the Teslić and Jelovac fields and Pločni (from the Snjegotina - Banja Luka field) could provide 29 kt. With the open pit mine in Ošve reopened, there is a total amount of 36 kt. Figure 4a (left). Utilizing Bosnia-Herzegovina's potential for antimony production; b (right). Utilizing Bosnia-Herzegovina's potential for magnesite. G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2278 kt in 2019, whereas exports were in the range of 32 kt (World Trade Organization 2021). Both values have increased in recent years. It seems unlikely that additional bauxite deposits can dra- matically change the import to export ratio but might be able to help maintain the balance. Fluorspar imports into Bosnia-Herzegovina were in the range of 1.4 kt in 2019. The assigned value for this import is about 550.000 USD. Utilizing the country’s own fluorite reserves would help to reduce these imports. 5.2.3. Indicator 3: Economic Contribution This potential can also be expressed in monetary units. While the exact prices that could be obtained by selling the products cannot be forecast without proper feasibility studies, including market studies, the potential may be highlighted by simply assuming a perfect market and ideal conditions. Prices for antimony and raw magnesite are currently listed at 6586 USD/t and 89 USD/t, re- spectively (Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) 2021). All deposits examined here are underground mines, except the one in Ošve. To estimate the operating costs and cap- ital costs for the mines, figures from an Estimator’s Guide (Info- Mine USA, Inc. 2016) are extrapolated to account for the esti- mated production tonnage and updated to current values by assuming an inflation factor of 8.5%. For all subsurface mines, a mechanized cut and fill operation with adit access is assumed. This seems feasible, as all deposits in question are irregular veins or of vein-type. The open pit mine is assumed to have a waste to ore stripping ratio of 8:1. When combining these estimates with the production tonnages from the previous paragraph, the theo- retically achievable prices and the estimated costs and, thus, a potential net profit value can be calculated (Table 2). The calcu- lation is based on currently stated reserves and compared to a theoretical tonnage after additional exploration. The reserves and resources upgraded to reserves are taken from the InvestRM re- ports are adjusted to account for mining losses. Costs are based on figures from InfoMine but adjusted to the production rates for an estimated lifetime of 30 years per deposit. Together with prices for antimony and magnesite, a simple NPV calculation is per- formed. Further assumptions: 12% discount rate and a LOM of 30 years, no price or cost increases over the years; re-occurring capital costs every 10 years (50%, 25%, 25%). For Čemernica, a positive value can be achieved if additional metals (Zn and Ag) are mined and sold. The focus should be on processing to ensure the inclusion of Zn and Ag in the product portfolio. Looking at the overall economy of Bosnia and Herze- govina, mines could contribute ten percent of the profit as corpo- rate income tax. In Podhrusanj, the loss can be halved if additional explora- tion can prove 410 kt. Further engineering to reduce the capital costs and a market study on price development may produce a positive NPV. The open pit mine in Ošve can achieve a significant improve- ment (factor 10) in the mineability if reserves can be upgraded from the C1 and C2 to the A and B categories. Additional improve- ments in mine design can reduce operating and capital costs. For the Telić and Banja Luka fields, the calculation shows that currently calculated losses can be halved if the deposits per field could be combined. Using these synergies together with a reserve re-classification and a proper mine design, the operations may become very profitable. Additionally, attention should be paid to the inclusion of a refinement step to improve the final product and increase the achievable prices. Comparing average prices for antimony and magnesite be- tween 2016 to 2020 with values from June 2020 to May 2021, an increase of 2% (antimony) and 1.8% (Magnesite) can be seen (Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) 2021). As described, antimony deposits also host Zn, Ag or, in the case of Rupice, BaSO4. A closer analysis of the processability of the extracted ore could enhance the product portfolio of the min- ing sites in Rupice, Čemernica, and Srebenica and thus boost their profitability. Fluorspar deposits currently do not provide enough data for a similar calculation, and most bauxite mines highlighted in the FIPA brochure are already operational. Therefore, both commod- ities are not included in this subsection. All costs and price figures in this chapter are based on pro- found assumptions but would require further market studies (true prices, real demand) and costs (re-opening the abandoned mines, processing, employees, and energy). Furthermore, more detailed mine plans are necessary to estimate mining losses and produc- tion figures. In some cases, e.g. Podhrusanj, additional explora- tion could improve the inferred reserves (see section 5.1 for com- parison) but will generate some costs. For all mines, feasibility studies would deliver more realistic estimations about the profit- ability and might provide better profit values. For all deposits described here, two different courses of ac- tion can be taken: starting exploitation or continuing extraction by renewing existing mining permits. Either way, a more pro- found financial calculation on a micro-economic level is neces- sary, as the most critical parameter for the exploitation is the fi- nancial feasibility of a mining project. A major decision driver for a company to start or continue mining of a particular deposit is the ability of the mine to create a profit. It is no easy task to answer the question about the true mineability of a mine or de- posit. The general process of evaluating mine investment oppor- tunities usually includes the assessment of four main, interrelated factors: the ore reserves, the cut-off grade (or quality), the mine size, and the production costs (GENTRY & O’NEIL, 1984). For mining financial calculations, investors require a sound and reliable data base. This data needs to cover all the main fac- tors of production, including the deposit and relevant geological data. Especially for foreign investors, it can be a very time con- suming and exhausting task to find consistent data on economic and social figures or deal with information about concessions or local political strategies. The InvestRM decision making tool of- fers a quick, user-friendly, and easy way to access and gather all the necessary information in a comprehensive report (HAINDL, 2020). 6. CONCLUSION A total of 126 deposits and occurrences of antimony, bauxite, flu- orspar, and magnesite occurrences in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been validated using the developed InvestRM methodology to determine their exploration and exploitation potential. The de- veloped InvestRM methodology consists of the following steps: (1) preparation of the geological data templates in line with international raw materials datasets (M4EU, EGDI) for 126 de- posits/occurrences; (2) evaluation and verification of the geological data in order to estimate the investment potential using criteria extracted from the World Risk Report (2017) and specific InvestRM parameters; G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 279 (3) ranking deposits according to the quality of the geologi- cal data (complete and relevant datasets from a geological data template) and data quantity (reserves, available past exploration data), as well as social licensing, environmental management, and project permitting, into ranks A, B or C, and (4) identification of the 10+ perspective deposits (barite-flu- orite vein-type deposit Žune; polymetallic antimony deposits Čemernica and Podhrusanj, antimony fields Srebrenica and Rupice; magnesite fields Kladanj, Banja Luka, Teslić and Novi Šeher and bauxite regions Vlasenica-Srebrenica, Grmeč Moun- tain deposits in Una-Sana region and South Bosnia regions from Posušje to Trebinje; Appendix 3, Table 1-4) meeting all prede- fined criteria and parameters. Analysis shows that a significant potential in primary criti- cal raw materials such as bauxite (56 Mt), magnesite (4 Mt), and antimony (0.2 Mt) exists in Bosnia and Hercegovina. However, current production places BiH in 18th position in the World for bauxite and 22nd for magnesite, with no production in antimony or fluorspar. Metallogenically, these commodities are associated with several large and distinctive tectonostratigraphic units within the Dinarides: (I) karst bauxites, predominantly hosted by the External Dinarides (Adriatic Carbonate Platform) and the Bosnian Flysch of the Internal Dinarides; (ii) magnesite deposits of Kraubath-type exclusively hosted by the Dinaric Ophiolitic Zone, and (iii) antimony within polymetallic deposits associated with Palaeozoic continental rifting, Triassic advanced rifting and Oligocene post-collisional events of the Sava-Vardar zone. Three indicators: the world producer ranking, self-sustaina- bility, and economic contribution, are included in the analysis of the country’s mining potential. Bosnia-Herzegovina could play a major role in Europe’s strategy to become self-sustaining in the supply of critical raw materials. The brief economic discussion shows that there is a need for investments in geological prospec- tion and engineering to transform the abandoned mines into op- erational sites and prepare feasibility studies. Antimony and flu- orspar occurrences are part of the polymetallic deposits and can add value to low-feasibilty deposits. Large magnesite and bauxite regions provide opportunities for additional exploration and im- provements in the exploitation process. Considering all the facts, investments in exploration and mining could boost BiH’s econ- omy and create value not only for the country itself, as it could be self-sustaining in antimony and magnesite, but also as a sup- plier for Europe. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work has been financially supported by EIT RawMaterials project no. 17051 Invest RM: Multifactor model for investments in the raw material sector, a part of the Horizon 2020 program. We would like to thank the Invest RM team https://investrm.eu/ for continuous fieldwork support, helpful advice, and discussion. Proof reading by native English speaker, Isabella MERSCH- DORF is highly appreciated. REFERENCES ANTON A., BURIĆ, P., DANGIĆ, A., ILIĆ, M., JELIĆ, M., JOVANOVIĆ, Č., JOVA- NOVIĆ, P., KAPELER, I., KARAMATA, S., KUBAT, I., MILADINOVIĆ, D., OLUJIĆ, J., PAMIĆ, J., PODUBSKY, V., RAMOVIĆ, M., SUNARIĆ-PAMIĆ, O., VAKANJAC, B., VARIĆAK, D., VASILJEVIĆ, R., VUJOVIĆ, M. & ŽIVANO- VIĆ, D. (1979): Ležišta nemetala [Non-metallic deposits - in Bosnian]. – In: ČIČIĆ, S. (ed.): Mineralne sirovine Bosne i Hercegovine: Ležišta nemetala [Mineral raw materials of Bosnia and Herzegovina], Vol. 1/2, 2 volumes, 236–447. 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A nt im on y de po si ts in B os ni a an d H er ze go vi na (d at a co m pl ie d af te r r ef er en ce s us ed in v er ifi ca tio n an d ev al ua tio n ph as e: C VI JIĆ (2 00 4) ; Č IČ IĆ (1 97 9) ; D A N G IĆ (1 97 8) ; G RU BI Ć et a l., (2 01 6) ; J A ŠA RE VI Ć et a l., (2 01 3) ; J U RI Ć (1 97 3) ; KU BA T et a l. (1 97 3) ; K U BA T (1 99 5) ; M IT RO VI Ć (2 01 1) ; P A LI N KA Š et a l., (2 00 9; 2 01 6) ; R A M O VI Ć (1 96 3) ; T O D O RO VI Ć (2 01 6) . A re a D ep os it Ke y to Fi gu re 1 Ag e Sh ap e M in er al Co m m od ity Sb (% ) Pb +Z n (% ) Re se rv es (t )R es ou rs es (t ) Re se rv es + Re so ur se s (A +B +C ₁+ C₂ +D ) D at a le ve l Q ua nt ity - pe rs pe c- tiv ity So ci al lic en ci ng En vi ro nm en ta l m an ag em en t Pr oj ec t pe rm itt in g (A +B +C ₁) (C ₂+ D ) Internal Dinarides Ce nt ra l B os ni a Ca nt on Če m er ni ca 1 Ca rb on ife ro us , Pe rm ia n irr eg ul ar , v ei n A nt im on y- St ib ni te Sb -Z n- H g- A s- Ag 4. 0 11 ,9 35 29 9, 23 4 A A + B B B To tin ov ac -V id uš a 2 Pa le oz oi c Sb -Z n- H g- A s B C B C C Re pu bl ic o f Sr pa sk a (F ie ld Lj ub ija ) Fi el d Lj ub ija 3 Pa le oz oi c+ Tr ia ss ic irr eg ul ar , v ei n A nt im on y- St ib ni te Pb -Z n- Sb -H g 1, 10 0, 00 0 2, 00 0, 00 0 3, 10 0, 00 0 B B Po dh ru sa nj 4 Pa le oz oi c- M id dl e Tr ia ss ic Sb 1. 1– 3. 2 74 ,6 51 11 5, 00 0 A A + B C C Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on Fi el d Ru pi ce 5 Pa le oz oi c- M id dl e Tr ia ss ic la ye r, ve in A nt im on y- St ib ni te Ba -P b- Zn -A g- Au - Sb -H g >1 0, 00 0 3, 00 0, 00 0 A Ru pi ce 6 M id dl e Tr ia ss ic irr eg ul ar , v ei n 4. 8 >1 0, 00 0 A A + A A A Ri d 7 la ye r 7 1, 00 0, 00 0 A B A B B Ve lik i d o 8 la ye r, ve in 4. 5– 7 50 0, 00 0 A B A B B Kr iž 9 la ye r, irr eg ul ar 4. 0– 8 1, 50 0, 00 0 A B A B B Ve ov ač a 10 v ei n Ba -P b- Zn -S b- H g 0. 1 2. 3 6, 00 0, 00 0 A A A A A Re pu bl ic o f Sr ps ka Po dk oz ar a 11 M id dl e Tr ia ss ic irr eg ul ar , v ei n A nt im on y- St ib ni te Sb -P b- Zn -A s- Au -H g B B A A A Fi el d Sr eb re ni ca 12 O lig oc en e irr eg ul ar , v ei n A nt im on y- St ib ni te Pb -Z n- Sb -A g- Au 23 ,0 00 ,0 00 A /B Li sa c 13 20 ,0 00 ,0 00 A /B B A A A Vi tlo va c 14 Pb -Z n- Sb -A g- Au -A s 2, 00 0, 00 0 A /B B A A A Ču m av ić 15 1, 00 0, 00 0 A /B B A A A G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 283 Ta bl e 2. B au xi te d ep os its in B os ni a an d H er ze go vi na (d at a co m pl ie d af te r r ef er en ce s u se d in v er ifi ca tio n an d ev al ua tio n ph as e: B U D EŠ e t a l., (2 01 8) ; Č IČ IĆ (1 97 9) ; D A N G IĆ (1 98 8) ; D A N G IĆ (2 01 5) ; G RU BI Ć, A ., ( 19 75 ); M IT RO VI Ć (2 01 1) ; P AV IČ IĆ et a l., (2 01 8) ). A re a D ep os it Ke y to Fi gu re 1 En be de d be tw ee n Sh ap e M in er al Ch em ic al c om po si tio n Re se rv es Re so ur se s D at a le ve l Q ua nt ity - pe rs pe ct iv - ity So ci al lic en ci ng En vi ro n- m en ta l m an ag em en t Pr oj ec t pe rm it- tin g External Dinaride bauxites A l 2O 3 ( % ) Si O 2 ( % ) Fe 2O 3 ( % ) Ti O 2 ( % ) A +B +C ₁ C₂ So ut h Bo sn ia re gi on (H er ce go vi na ) H er ze go vi na -N er et va Ca nt on (Č itl uk re gi on ) Bl at ni ca -L ok vi ce 1 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Pa le o- ge ne le ns oi da l, la ye r Bo eh m ite 53 .4 5. 4 1, 07 0, 95 8 A A + B C C Kr eh in g ra da c- Bl iz an ci 2 49 .2 6. 0 15 9, 65 3 A B B C C M am ić i-R as no -H am zi ći 3 50 .2 9. 7 4, 76 5 A C B C C O šl ja ri- Kr iv od ol 4 46 .3 11 .3 94 ,6 30 A B B C C Sl už an j 5 no d at a C C B C C Vi tin a- Li pn o 6 U pp er C re ta ce ou s le ns oi da l 41 .7 18 .3 42 7, 27 5 A B B C C W es t H er ze go vi na Ca nt on (L iš tic a re gi on ) Cr ne lo kv e- Ki da čk e nj iv e 7 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Pa le o- ge ne le ns oi da l, la ye r Bo eh m ite 51 .0 5. 3 1, 54 5, 32 2 A A + B C C Re sn ic a- G ra bo va d ra ga 8 55 .5 8. 1 25 ,1 80 A B B C C U za ric i-K ne žp ol je 9 56 .3 3. 8 15 7, 02 0 A B B C C Va rd a pl an in a 10 54 .4 3. 4 81 6, 30 1 A A B C C Tr n- Sl iš ko vi ća lo kv e 11 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- N eo - ge ne 30 -4 5 14 -3 3 19 7, 00 0 A B B C C H er ze go vi na -N er et va Ca nt on (M os ta r r eg io n) Žo vn ic a 12 U pp er C re ta ce ou s le ns oi da l, la ye r Bo eh m ite 41 .7 18 .1 no d at a C C B C C Ja se nj an i 13 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Eo - ce ne G ib bs ite , Bo eh m ite 46 .5 4. 2 35 ,7 00 A B B C C W es t H er ze go vi na Ca nt on (P os uš je re gi on ) Kr st ač e- Ce ro vi d oc i 14 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Pa le o- ge ne le ns oi da l, la ye r Bo eh m ite 55 .6 3. 7 1, 45 9, 50 7 A A + B C C M ra tn ja ča -M ed in e st an in e 15 56 .5 3. 5 1, 64 8, 42 7 A A + B C C Po dz av el in -V in ic a 16 51 .4 7. 5 23 ,1 50 A B B C C St ud en a Vr ila 17 11 1, 13 0 A A + A B B Tr eb is to vo -S ob ač 18 52 .0 5. 7 90 1, 88 0 A A B C C Vi nj an i 19 52 .0 5. 7 55 8, 67 9 A A B C C Vo lu ja k- Ka di m 20 43 .0 13 .1 48 7, 26 0 A A B C C Vu či po lje 21 53 .8 1. 7 25 2, 74 0 A B B C C Fi el d St ud en a Vr ila -Z ag or je 22 50 .2 6. 5 11 1, 13 0 A A + A B B H er ze go vi na -N er et va Ca nt on (S to la c re gi on ) Bi vo lje b rd o- D om an ov ić i 23 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Pa le o- ge ne le ns oi da l, la ye r Bo eh m ite 45 .1 13 .7 62 ,6 00 A B B C C D ab ric a 24 47 .7 13 .1 1, 06 5, 69 5 A A + B C C G or nj i B rš ta ni k 25 47 .6 10 .9 28 6, 44 3 A B B C C H rg ud 26 39 –4 5 6– 37 20 ,0 00 A B B C C Po pl at 27 49 .4 0. 1 25 ,4 20 A B B C C H od ov o 28 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Eo - ce ne 50 .1 2. 2 42 ,5 00 A B B C C Re pu bl ic o f S rp sk a U dr ež nj e 29 U pp er C re ta ce ou s- Eo - ce ne le ns oi da l, la ye r G ib bs ite , Bo eh m ite 47 .7 13 .3 42 1, 00 0 A B A A A Vi du ša 30 U pp er Ju ra ss ic sa dd le -s ha pe d 44 –6 2 2– 10 11 -1 9 16 5, 06 2 A B A A A N or th w es te rn B os ni a re gi on (B os an sk a Kr aj in a) U na -S an a Ca nt on Bj el aj 31 M id dl e Tr ia ss ic le ns oi da l, la ye r G ib bs ite , Bo eh m ite 29 .4 –5 7. 2 7. 5– 40 .2 7. 3– 15 .5 2. 6– 3. 0 60 ,0 00 A B B C C Ve lik i S ko ča j 32 Bo eh m ite 45 .3 –6 9. 2 7. 6– 24 .0 2. 3– 19 .5 0 .4 –2 .9 no d at a B C B C C Kr nj eu ša -B ra vs ki v rh -C rn i v rh 33 U pp er Ju ra ss ic irr eg ul ar le ns es , irr eg ul ar n es ts 57 .7 5– 68 .8 2. 9– 7. 7 9. 9– 11 .6 2. 8– 3. 2 10 ,5 00 ,0 00 A A + B C A Pr ito ka -T ih ot in a- Tr ov rh 34 U pp er C re ta ce ou s le ns oi da l, la ye r 62 –7 4. 5 1– 5 6. 9– 15 .8 3. 0 10 ,0 00 ,0 00 A A + B C C Su va ja -Š ol aj a 35 G ib bs ite , Bo eh m ite 55 –6 0 0– 5 27 5, 00 0 1, 49 9, 10 0 A B B C C Ce nt ra l B os ni a re gi on (J aj ce ) G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2284 Internal Dinaride bauxite Ce nt ra l B os ni a Ca nt on Be šp el j-C rv en e st ije ne 36 U pp er - Lo w er Cr et ac eo us sa dd le -s ha pe d Bo eh m ite 55 .0 –6 0. 0 1. 0– 4. 0 <2 1. 0 3. 0 11 6, 37 5 30 5, 00 0 A A A A A Po lja na 37 U pp er - Lo w er Cr et ac eo us irr eg ul ar a nd le ns oi da l 53 .0 –6 2. 0 0. 5– 4. 0 <2 1. 0– 30 .0 2– 3 30 0, 00 0 A A A A A Ea st B os ni a re gi on (V la se ni ca -S re br en ic a) (3 8- 49 ) Re pu bl ic o f S rp sk a Pa le ž 38 M id dl e Tr ia ss ic ta bu la r Bo eh m ite 42 .0 –5 5. 0 1. 0– 20 .0 17 .0 –3 0. 0 2. 0– 3. 5 no d at a B C A A A Št ed ra 39 irr eg ul ar 41 –5 5 5– 20 20 –3 4 no d at a B C A C A Že da nj sk o 40 M id dl e Tr ia ss ic - U pp er Cr et ac eo us irr eg ul ar 34 –5 3 2– 37 60 ,0 00 B B A C A Ku tu ze ro 41 44 –5 6 2– 12 no d at a C C A C A Pr ib oj ev ić i 42 37 .8 –6 4. 6 25 0, 00 0 B B A C A Cr ve ne st ije ne -V la se ni ca 43 50 .0 28 .0 8. 0 4, 82 7, 80 9 A A + A A A D ra go šn ic a 44 52 .1 7. 0 26 .0 12 2, 68 0 B B A C A G er ov i 45 n. a. no d at a C C A C A Ko st ur i 46 53 .1 6. 3 26 .3 2. 6 5, 81 3, 64 4 A A + A A A Po db ra ća n 47 ta bu la r/ le ns oi da l n. a. 2, 30 0, 00 0 50 0, 00 0 A A + A A A Šu m ar ni ca 48 M id dl e Tr ia ss ic - N eo ge ne ta bu la r/ le ns oi da l 50 .9 6. 3 29 .0 2. 8 5, 00 0, 00 0 A A + A A A Pa le ž II- Br ać an 49 Lo w er C re ta ce ou s- N eo - ge ne le ns es 51 .8 10 .3 20 -3 4 41 5, 33 0 A A + A A A Ta bl e 2. C on tin ue d. G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 285 Ta bl e 3. Fl uo rit e de po si ts in B os ni a an d H er ze go vi na (d at a co m pl ie d af te r r ef er en ce s u se d in v er ifi ca tio n an d ev al ua tio n ph as e: C VI JIĆ (2 00 4) ; Č IČ IĆ (1 97 9) ; G RU BI Ć et a l., (2 01 6) ; J EJ IN A e t a l., (1 97 7) ; J U RI Ć (1 97 3) ; J U RK O VI Ć (1 96 1) ; K U BA T (1 99 5) ; M IT RO VI Ć (2 01 1) ; P A LI N KA Š et a l., (2 00 9; 2 01 6) ). Ita lli c st an ds fo r C 1+ C 2 re so ur se s. A re a D ep os it Ke y to Fi gu re 1 Ag e Sh ap e M in er al Ch em ic al c om po si tio n Re se rv es Re so ur se s D at a le ve l Q ua nt ity - pe rs pe ct iv ity So ci al lic en ci ng En vi ro nm en ta l m an ag em en t Pr oj ec t pe rm it- tin g M gO (% ) Si O 2 ( % ) Ca O (% ) R 2 O 3( % ) A +B +C ₁ C₂ o r C 1+ C 2 Internal DinaridesTu zl a Ca nt on (F ie ld K la da nj ) M ag ne si te F ie ld K la da nj 1 Pa le oc en e Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 19 3, 48 4 A 20 0, 78 4 59 ,8 00 A M ilj ev ic a 2 A + A A A Ze ni či ca 3 Pa le oc en e 19 .8 –4 7. 8 0. 4– 3. 56 0. 3– 2. 4 7, 30 0 55 ,0 00 A B A B B D rin ja ča 4 19 .8 –4 7. 8 1. 81 –4 .0 1 1. 3– 5. 3 4, 80 0 A C A B B Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on (F ie ld M oš ev ac ) M ag ne si te F ie ld M oš ev ac 5 Pa le oc en e Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 28 .5 –4 5. 1 0. 4– 36 .9 0. 4– 11 .6 0. 6– 3. 3 11 6, 00 0 2, 90 0 43 ,0 00 45 ,0 00 24 ,0 00 10 ,0 00 10 ,0 00 20 ,0 00 46 4, 90 0 A /B Bo rik 6 12 .5 19 4, 00 0 B A B C C M oš ev ac 7 3. 11 –2 7. 0 B A B C C Pa kl en ic a 8 36 .9 B C B C C Ša hm an sk a Ba šć a 9 10 .1 B B B C C D iv an 1 10 13 .2 B B B C C D iv an 2 11 B B B C C D as ka 12 0. 4 B B/ C B C C Be ša P ot ok 13 0. 8 B B/ C B C C D ru m 14 B B B C C Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on (F ie ld N ov i Š eh er ) M ag ne si te F ie ld N ov i Š eh er 15 Pa le oc en e- Eo ce ne Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 15 0, 00 0 10 5, 00 0 A O šv e 16 Eo ce ne 40 .5 2. 5 3. 8 15 0, 00 0 65 ,0 00 A A + B C C Bi je li Kl an ci 17 34 .5 0. 4 3, 00 0 50 0 10 ,0 00 A B B C C Sa m ar 18 36 .4 –4 5. 4 0. 2– 13 .5 0. 2– 9. 4 0. 1– 11 .1 6, 50 0 A C B C C Ve lik i K riž 19 36 .6 2. 4 20 ,0 00 A B B C C Sa č 20 30 .4 2. 2 A C B C C M ur at ov ac 21 45 .6 1. 9 A C B C C Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on (F ie ld Že pč e) M ag ne si te F ie ld Ž ep če 22 Pa le oc en e Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 21 .2 –4 5. 0 0. 3– 23 .6 0. 7– 25 .6 0. 5– 6. 4 87 ,0 00 11 9, 00 0 28 2, 00 0 A Lo zn ik ov ac 23 32 .9 9 10 .3 76 ,0 00 A B B C C Se liš te 24 Eo ce ne 34 .1 5. 3 A B B C C Ču br in o br do 25 41 .9 1. 6– 19 .7 A A B C C Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on (F ie ld Ba jv at ) M ag ne si te F ie ld B aj va t 26 Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 29 .0 –5 1. 7 0. 1– 21 .7 1. 3– 40 .2 0. 7– 7. 7 43 ,5 00 22 ,0 00 25 6, 50 0 A /B Po lić a nj iv e 27 1. 3– 13 .9 19 1, 00 0 B A B C C Ve lik e ra vn i 28 0. 1– 9. 5 B B B C C Kr če vi na 29 0. 2– 21 .7 B B B C C Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on (F ie ld D iš tic a) M ag ne si te re gi on D iš tic a 30 Pa le oc en e Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 39 .5 –4 6. 2 0. 9– 6. 9 1. 6– 4. 6 0. 7– 1. 6 32 ,0 00 B M ao ča 31 7, 00 0 B C B C C D iš tic a 32 7. 0 25 ,0 00 B B B C C Ze ni ca -D ob oj Ca nt on (F ie ld O lo vo ) M ag ne si te F ie ld O lo vo 33 Pa le oc en e Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 45 .1 –4 6. 5 0. 1– 0. 8 1. 1– 3. 0 0. 4– 0. 7 8, 50 0 B D on je L an iš te 34 0. 5 6, 00 0 B C B C C M la do še va c 35 50 0 B C B C C To va rn ic a 36 1, 00 0 B C B C C Be rin a 37 1, 00 0 B C B C C G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2286 R ep ub lic o f Sr ps ka (F ie ld Ba nj a Lu ka -S nj eg ot i- na ) M ag ne si te F ie ld B an ja Lu ka -S nj eg ot in a 38 Ju ra ss ic Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 1, 23 1, 90 0 A Je lo va c 39 41 .3 –4 5. 0 1. 2– 4. 1 1. 5– 4. 6 41 9, 99 2 A A + A C C M ed nj ak 40 11 3, 10 0 A A A C Pl oč ni 41 44 .5 –4 5. 0 3. 0– 4. 3 1. 3– 1. 7 43 7, 75 7 A A + A C C Sn je go tin a 42 42 ,0 50 A B A C C Če tn ja 43 16 4, 93 7 A A A C C St an ik ov a 2 44 39 ,5 84 A B A C C Ča đa vi ca 2 45 14 ,5 00 A B A C C Re pu bl ic o f Sr ps ka (F ie ld Ba nj a Lu ka -V rb an ja ) M ag ne si te F ie ld B an ja Lu ka -V rb an ja 46 Ju ra ss ic Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 9, 49 7 14 ,5 00 A Ja za vi či 1 47 44 .3 1. 4 1. 0 9, 49 7 A C A C C Re pi št e 48 45 .7 1. 3 1. 3 14 ,5 00 A B A C C Re pu bl ic o f Sr ps ka (F ie ld Pr nj av or ) M ag ne si te F ie ld P rn ja vo r 49 Ju ra ss ic Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 17 6, 92 6 A Ra ul ić a po to k 50 45 .1 1. 6 1. 0 39 ,9 26 A B A C C Si go va c 51 45 .4 1. 8 2. 3 7, 00 0 A C A C C Ta na si ća p ot ok 52 45 .9 1. 4 1. 7 10 ,0 00 A C A C C Br ez na 53 40 .1 3. 7 3. 3 43 ,0 00 A B A C C St ra žb en ic a 54 4. 4 4. 2 35 ,0 00 A B A C C Ra vn o br do 55 46 .1 1. 4 1. 1 12 ,0 00 A B A C C D om ać ev ac 56 46 .1 0. 4 1. 2 20 ,0 00 A B A C C D ug ov ac 57 46 .4 0. 3 1. 2 10 ,0 00 A C A C C M al a U kr in a 58 18 .3 –3 3. 8 6. 0– 27 .4 0. 4– 26 .4 C C A C C Re pu bl ic o f Sr ps ka (F ie ld Te sl ić ) M ag ne si te F ie ld Te sl ić 59 Ju ra ss ic Irr eg ul ar , v ei n- ty pe M ag ne si te 88 1, 00 0 A Bl at ni ca 60 32 .7 5. 8 7. 1 26 1, 47 5 A A + A C C Bu ko vi čk i j ar ak 61 40 .8 5. 6 3. 7 11 9, 99 0 A A A C C M ilo še v ja ra k 62 41 .0 8. 6 1. 5 37 7, 45 6 A A + A C C Pr ol et er ov d o 63 42 .6 2. 1 3. 3 69 ,0 65 A B A C C Sk ok 64 29 .7 5. 5 14 .1 25 ,0 00 A B A C C Vr an ilo vi ći 65 41 .6 3. 8 2. 2 9, 00 0 A C A C C M ak si m ov a ko sa 66 27 .3 18 .5 10 .0 10 ,0 00 A B A C C Pa ra dn ja k 67 42 .5 5. 0 1. 6 C C A C C G ov eđ a lu ka 68 29 .2 1. 0 10 ,0 00 A B A C C Ta bl e 3. C on tin ue d. G eologia C roatica Borojević Šoštarić et al.: The geological potential of antimony, bauxite, fluorite, and magnesite of the Central Dinarides (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ... 287 Ta bl e 4. M ag ne si te d ep os its in B os ni a an d H er ze go vi na (d at a co m pl ie d af te r r ef er en ce s u se d in v er ifi ca tio n an d ev al ua tio n ph as e: Č IČ IĆ (1 97 9) ; H O D ŽI Ć et a l., (2 01 4) ; O PE RT A e t a l., (2 01 8) ; M IT RO VI Ć (2 01 1) ; S U N A RI Ć- PA M IĆ e t a l. (1 98 8) ). A re a D ep os it Ke y to Fi gu re 1 Ag e Sh ap e M in er al Co m m od ity Fl ou rs pa r (% ) Re se rv es (A +B +C ₁) Re se rv es + Re so ur se s (A +B +C ₁+ C₂ +D ) Q ua nt ity -p er - sp ec tiv ity D at a le ve l So ci al li ce nc in g En vi ro nm en ta l m an ag em en t Pr oj ec t pe rm itt in g Fl ou rs pa r ( t) A ll RM (t ) Internal Dinarides Ce nt ra B os ni a Ca nt on M eo vr šj e 1 Pa le oz oi c- Tr ia ss ic ve in , i rr eg ul ar Fl uo rs pa r Ba -F A /B A /B B C C H rm za 2 A s- Sb -H g- Ba -F A /B A /B B C C Pe ći ne 3 Tr ia ss ic Fe -M n- F 51 4, 00 0 B B B C C Re pu bl ic o f Sr ps ka Ž un e- Lj ub ija 4 Pa le oz oi c- Tr ia ss ic ve in , i rr eg ul ar Fl uo rs pa r Ba -F 20 1, 50 0 1, 10 0, 00 0 3, 10 0, 00 0 A + A B C C Vi dr en ja k- Lj ub ija 5 1, 10 0, 00 0 2, 10 0, 00 0 B B B C C