2022 | 75/2 | 199–209 | 5 Figs. | 2 Tabs. | 2 Pls. | www.geologia-croatica.hr Journal of the Croatian Geological Survey and the Croatian Geological Society 1. INTRODUCTION The first report on the Intrasudetic Basin by ZOBEL & CAR- NALL (1831-1833) recognized its basin structure but could only differentiate the Carboniferous and Permian using the presence of grey and red sediments. Developing a clear stratigraphy for the Intrasudetic Basin took a long time (KREJČÍ, BEYRICH, JOKÉLY, O. FEISTMANTEL, STUR and WEISS), and most of these works concerned the Carboniferous “coal-bearing” de- posits. Individual plant species were described from the Permian deposits: e.g., Autunia conferta (STERNBERG) KERP (STERN- BERG, 1825), or Taeniopteris coriacea GÖPPERT and T. falax GÖPPERT (GÖPPERT, 1864/1865), but a full monograph of the Intrasudetic Basin Permian flora has still to be written. Since GÖPPERT (1864-1865), the Permian flora of the east- ern part of the Intrasudetic Basin has not been systematically studied. NĚMEJC (1953) mentioned a list of 10 species from the localities Olivětín, Otovice and Ruprechtice, (Broumov Forma- tion, Olivětín Member). Interest in the Intrasudetic Basin in- creased in the 1960s due to geological mapping, and RIEGER (1966) listed 22 species from the Olivětín Member (in TÁSLER et al., 1966). ŠETLÍK in TÁSLER et al. (1979) gave essentially the same list as in NĚMEJC (1953). BORS (1988) was the last researcher who studied the Olivětín Member flora in detail and expanded the floral list by six species, but the first author regards some of them as questionable. In the Polish part of the Intrasu- detic Basin, the flora has been documented by LIPPS (1927) from the Permian locality Unisław Śląski (Langwaltersdorf). Collections of the National Museum in Prague, the East Bo- hemian Museum in Hradec Králové (S. ŠTAMBERG collection), the museum of Wroclaw University (GÖPPERT’S collection) and the Czech Geological Survey in Prague, have yielded more than 30 biological species from the Olivětín Member. Seeds, fructifications and most of GÖPPERT’s collection need to be revised. New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland Zbyněk Šimůnek1 and Izabela Ploch2 1 Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, 118 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic 2 Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Regional Geology Department, 4 Rakowiecka St., 00-975 Warszawa, Poland doi: 10.4154/gc.2022.18 Abstract A floral assemblage was collected from a new Polish locality (Janików) situated on the Czech- Polish border in the Intrasudetic Basin. It was found in the lower Permian (Asselian) Ruprechtice Horizon, of the Olivětín Member, Broumov Formation. The plant fossils were usually fragmen- tary, and the following taxa were determined: Alloiopteris aff. erosa, Nemejcopteris feminaefor- mis, Senftenbergia sp., Lobatopteris sp., Sphenopteris sp., Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius, Loba- topteris cf. geinitzii, Lobatopteris nov. sp., Dicksoniites cf. plukenetii, Autunia conferta, Cordaites sp. and seeds. Alloiopteris was first recorded in the Permian. The assemblage is composed predominantly of ferns and pteridosperms that tend to be hygrophilous to mesophilous floral el- ements. The flora from the Otovice and Ruprechtice horizons is usually rich in walchian conifers and peltasperms (Autunia conferta), and so the Janików flora is quite different with its hygrophi- lous elements. The fragmentary preservation suggests long transport distances, and probably only the remains of flora growing on the lakeshore were deposited in the calcareous bituminous shales. This coastal vegetation probably formed a barrier to mesophilous plants growing further from the lake, so their fragments are more sporadic. Palynology of the Olivětín Member was recently published by BEK and OPLUŠTIL (2021), who compiled data of KAISE- ROVÁ-KALIBOVÁ (in TÁSLER et al. 1979). Palynology of the Polish part of the Intrasudetic Basin was published by JER- ZYKIEWICZ (1987) from the Stephanian and early Permian. The assemblage of the upper Anthracosia shale is approximately time eqivalent with the Bečkov Member in the Czech part of the Intrasudetic Basin. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS All the material came from the Janików locality, which is situ- ated on the right side of the Božanov Creek at the Polish/Czech border (N: 50,545131°; E: 16,400102°). The specimens are now in the collections of the Czech Geological Survey, numbers ZŠ 856 – ZŠ 875. The studied outcrop belongs to the Ruprechtice Hori- zon, Olivětín Merber, Broumov Formation of the early Permian (Asselian) age. All the fossils came from a bituminous mudstone layer, which has been divided into five layers, from top to bottom la- belled A, B, C, D and E. The strata were poor in plant fossils, and the specimens were collected from fallen blocks of rocks the ex- act stratigraphical position of which was unknown. The rocks were split using chisels and a hammer, and each specimen was then determined, labelled and quantitatively evaluated. A total rock area of about 2 m2 was used for collecting the fossils. The botanical system according to CLEAL and THOMAS (1995) was used in this paper. 3. GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Intrasudetic Basin is situated along the eastern margin of a suite of Late Palaeozoic Bohemian continental basins (Fig. 1) and covers an area of ca. 1800 km2. It has an infill of up to 5 km of middle Viséan to Triassic strata with several hiatuses. The Viséan consists of a few kms of fluvial and alluvial-fan deposits with in- tercalated marine to deltaic intervals (TÁSLER et al., 1979, Article history: Manuscript received January 03, 2021 Revised manuscript accepted March 24, 2022 Available online June 23, 2022 Keywords: Permian, Intrasudetic Basin, Poland, Flora, Alloiopteris G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2200 BOSSOWSKI, 1995). They are overlain by Serpukhovian (early Namurian) fluvial and coal-rich deposits of the Wałbrzych For- mation. The depositional centre extended further to the south in the Bashkirian. The Žacléř Formation (late Bashkirian–early Mos- covian; Yeadonian–Bolsovian) contains 60–80 coal seams in three members. The Kasimovian (Cantabrian to Saberian) is rep- resented by the Odolov Formation that contains locally important coal seams of the Svatoňovice (Cantabrian) and Jívka (Saberian) formations (Table 1). The Saberian was defined by Wagner and Álvarez-Vázques (2010) as a lower part of the former Stephanian B. This concept was accepted by OPLUŠTIL et al. (2016) and this term is widely used in the literature, even if it was not formally approved. The Stephanian/Permian Chvaleč Formation (the equivalent of the Krajanów Formation in the Polish part) is mostly composed of coal-barren fluvial red beds and contains only one thin coal seam in the Vernéřovice Member (Ludwikowice Fm.). Lacustrine horizons, a few tens of metres thick, with bituminous limestones and shales are rarely intercalated in the red beds (Bečkov Hori- zon – Krajanów Formation in Polish part). The overlying Brou- mov Formation (the equivalent of the Słupiec Formation in Polish part) contains the Nowa Ruda, Olivětín and Martínkovice mem- bers that correspond mainly to the Asselian (OPLUŠTIL et al. 2016). The Nowa Ruda Member (“Building Sandstones” in Pol- ish part) is formed chiefly by thick complexes of rhyolite tuffs and tuffites, The Olivětín Member (“Walchia Shales” in the Polish part) contains up to several tens of metres thick mudstones with thin fossiliferous so-called “Walchia”shales and lacustrine bitu- minous shales and Ruprechtice and Otovice limestones. The Mar- tínkovice Member also contains limestone horizons, but only animal fossils have been discovered. The Upper Permian Trutnov (represented by the Radków Formation in the Polish part) and the Bohuslavice formations are composed of red and brown mud- stone and sandstone deposits, and the Middle Triassic Bohdašín Formation is represented mainly by white sandstones. 3.1. Description of the fossiliferous section The Ruprechtice Limestone in its type area in the vicinity of Ru- prechtice is a light grey, greenish, pinkish or mauve, heavy-bed- ded or slab-like limestone, passing into laminated marlstone in its upper part. Probably only Autunia conferta is known from this limestone in this area (RIEGER, 1966). The Ruprechtice Lime- stone also occurs further east, at Otovice, where TASLER et al. (1977) described it as a dark grey limestone with a bituminous development. RIEGER (1966) pointed out that Ruprechtice and Otovice limestones are very similar in the Otovice area and the de facto floras from those limestones are difficult to distinguish. Table 1. Stratigraphic table of the youngest part of the Intrasudetic Basin. Adopted according to OPLUŠTIL et al. (2016) and ŠIMŮNEK (2019). Remark: Time intervals of the gaps between younger units are not known. Global scale Regional scale Czech lithostratigraphic units Polish lithostratigraphic units ** Formation Member Formation Member Tri. Middle Bohdašín “Red Sandstones” —246 Hiatus Pe rm ia n ?Lopingian? Zechstein Bohuslavice Hiatus Hiatus Guadalupian Rotliegend Trutnov Radków Chełmsko Śląskie Wambierzyce Cisuralian Hiatus Asselian* Broumov Martínkovice Słupiec “Walchia Shales” Olivětín Nowa Ruda “Building Sandstones” Chvaleč Bečkov Krajanów “Upper Anthracosia Shales” Pe nn sy lv an ia n Gzhelian Stephanian C Vernéřovice Ludwikowice “Lower Anthracosia Shales” Kasimovian B Hiatus Saberian Odolov Jívka Barruelian “Žaltman Arkoses” Key: Tri. - Triassic, * Stage of Global scale, Studied locality ** Correlation with Bohemian part according to SPUDIL in PEŠEK et al. (2001) Figure 1. A map showing the position of the Intrasudetic Basin along the Czech- Polish border. The Janików locality is just at the border marked by an arrow. G eologia C roatica Šimůnek and Ploch: New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland 201 However, generally, all museum collections came from the Otov- ice Horizon because the classical localities “Otovice (Ottendorf)” were situated along the Stěnava river and Černý (Black) creek. The Janików section consists essentially of tuffs and marl- stones. The lowest part of the studied outcrop consists of dark, locally brown, silty tuff, altered by penetrating silica, possibly of volcanic origin. This rock also contains altered volcanic glass. The original structures are not traceable due to later alteration. The total thickness of this bed is unknown. The water level of the stream restricted excavation of the deeper part of the outcrop, thus only 1,5 metres is reported here. The altered tuff is overlain by a dark, bituminous, calcareous shale, ca. 0.60 m thick, with plant fragments and a rich fish fauna; the fossil flora is presented in this article. The shale bed is over- lain by 10 cm of mudstone, which is terminated by an uneven erosion surface. Above this erosion surface, there is a layer of light creamy rhyolitic tuff blocks, up to 1 m thick. In the outcrop of the watercourse flowing into the Bożanowski stream, a higher part of the mudstone bed with tetrapod footprints clearly indicates that the water reservoir was shallowing. 4. SYSTEMATICS 4.1. Class Filicopsida (ferns) Order Marattiales Engler et Prantl Family Psaroniaceae UNGER 4.1.1. Genus Cyathocarpus WEISS, 1869 Representatives of Marattiales have been traditionally assigned to the fossil-genus Pecopteris Brongniart. However, CLEAL (2015) pointed out that the type species of Pecopteris, Pecopteris pennaeformis, belongs to the fossil-genus Senftenbergia SCHIMPER of the order Botryopteridales. So, as a genus can- not belong to more than one family and order, CLEAL (2015) assigned the other species traditionally accommodated in Pecop­ teris to various other fossil-genera. The following species should be transferred to the genus Cyathocarpus WEISS in the sense of MOSBRUGGER (1983). 4.1.1.1. Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius (GÖPPERT) comb. nov. (Pl. 1, Figs. i–k) 1864 Cyatheithes densifolius GÖPPERT, p. 120, pl. 17, figs. 1, 2. 1890 Pecopteris (Asterotheca?) densifolia (GÖPPERT) ZEIL- LER, p. 54–58, textfigs. 27, 28, pl. 7, fig. 3. Description: Only three fragments of this species have been ob- served at the Janików locality. Although they are only small pin- nule fragments, they have the typical pinnule shape and venation that determine them. The pinnules have rounded apices; the frag- ment on Pl. 1, Fig. k represents the apical part of a pinna of the last order with terminal pinnule and two small pinnules still ba- sally fused. They are only 4 mm long and 3 mm wide. On the other hand, the specimen on Pl. 1, Fig. j represents the biggest pinnule, which might have been 11.5 mm long and 5 mm wide; the pinnule shown on Pl. 1 fig. i was probably of the same width. The venation is common for all samples, with lateral veins aris- ing obliquely from the midrib and fork once or twice dichoto- mously. Remarks: According to NĚMEJC (1948), Cyatheithes den­ sifolius GÖPPERT, 1864, is conspecific with Filicites oreopterid­ ius SCHLOTHEIM, 1804. However, Filicites oreopteridius was published before the starting point of 1820 and is considered as nom. illegit. and so, the correct species epithet should be densi­ folius. CLEAL (2015) argued that Cyatheites was a confused ge- nus that had not been clearly typified and should be rejected. As the species belongs to the better-defined Cyathocarpus, we pro- pose the new combination Cyathocarpus densifolius. 4.1.2. Genus Lobatopteris WAGNER, 1959. 4.1.2.1. Lobatopteris cf. geinitzii (GUTBIER) WAGNER (Fig. 5a, Pl. 1, Fig. h) 1864/1865 Asterocarpus geinitzi GUTBIER: GÖPPERT, p. 128– 129, pl. 8, fig. 8. 1983 Lobatopteris geinitzii (von GUTBIER) emend. STERZEL) comb. nov., WAGNER. p. 138–146, pl. 1, figs. 1–4, pl. 3, figs. 1a, 2a, 10. pl. 4, figs. 3a, 10b, 11, 11a. 2009 Lobatopteris geinitzii (GUTBIER) WAGNER: BARTHEL, p. 50–51, Teil 3, figs. 99–102. Description: Only a small questionable fragment has been dis- covered in layer C, representing part of a last order pinna with four pinnules (Pl. 1, Fig. h). The pinnules are 3.5–4 mm long and about 3 mm wide, and the apex is nearly rounded. A thin vein enters each pinnule and divides forming a “lobatopterid” vein pattern. Remarks: This small fragment is compared with Lobatopte­ ris geinitzii as figured by BARTHEL (2009, fig. 100b). Lobatop­ teris geinitzii was mentioned also by GÖPPERT (1864/1865) as Asterocarpus geinitzi from “Oelberg bei Braunau” (Olivětín u Broumova). NĚMEJC (1940) placed Pecopteris crenulata BRONGNIART as figured by POTONIÉ (1893) into his new species Asterotheca thuringiaca. BARTHEL (2009) syno- nymised both species with Lobatopteris geinitzii. BARTHEL (1976) published similar specimens under the name Pecopteris polypodioides (PRESL in STERNBERG) NĚMEJC and compared his Permian material with Bohemian type material of Pecopteris polypodioides from the Asturian. Pecopteris polypodioides was transferred to Lobatopteris WAG- NER by KNIGHT (1983) – Lobatopteris polypodioides (PRESL in STERNBERG) KNIGHT, 1983. NĚMEJC (1940) studied As- turian, late Stephanian and Permian specimens named as Pecop­ teris polypodioides and found out that the Stephanian and Per- mian ones have markedly smaller pinnules than the Asturian ones, even if their shape and venation was similar. BARTHEL (1980b) also named the Permian specimens as Pecopteris poly­ podioides (PRESL in STERNBERG) NĚMEJC, but later Bar- thel (2009) detrermined the Permian representatives to Lobatop­ teris geinitzii (von GUTBIER, emend. STERZEL) WAGNER. 4.1.2.2. Lobatopteris sp. nov. (Pl. 1, Fig. f, g) ?1927 Pecopteris nov. spec. LIPPS, p. 578, p. 28, fig. 2, 2a. 1990 Pecopteris polypodioides (STERNBERG): ŠIMŮNEK et al., p. 28–29, pl. 29, figs. 4 and 5. Description: This species is relatively common in sub-layers B, C, D, E at the Janików locality. Only incomplete last order pin- nae are preserved, up to 16 mm long and 4 mm wide (Pl. 1, Fig. g). The latter specimen has small, relatively wide pinnules, 1.5– 2.2 mm long and 1.5–2 mm wide, of oval shape and attached to the rachis by their whole base. A smaller pinna (Pl. 1, Fig. f) is only 8 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, with pinnules about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide. The pinnule apex is always rounded. The venation is poorly visible; the midrib is not seen. It looks like a thin vein enters and forks into several veins in the pinnule. Remarks: Similar specimens have been figured by BAR- THEL (1976, e.g. pl. 16, fig. 10) under the name Pecopteris poly­ podioides from the Permian of the Döhlen Basin, Germany. The G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2202 rich BARTHEL (1976) material shows the variability of the pin- nules in different parts of the frond. Although of comparable size, Lobatopteris sp. has better individualised, non-lobed pinnules than the Pecopteris polypodioides documented by BARTHEL (1976), i.e., Lobatopteris geinitzii. In our opinion, this Lobatopteris sp. is a new species com- parable with Pecopteris nov. sp. of LIPPS (1927) and is conspe- cific with specimens from the Permian of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin described by ŠIMŮNEK et al. (1990) as Pecopteris poly­ podioides. 4.2. Systematic position uncertain 4.2.1. Sphenopteris sp. Several specimens have been classified as Sphenopteris sp. (Ta- ble 1). These specimens represent fragments of sphenopteroid pinnules but are not determinable to species. 4.3. Order Zygopteridales EMBERGER (Coenopteridales) Family Zygopteridaceae P. BERTRAND ex B. SAHNI 4.3.1. Genus Alloiopteris H. POTONIÉ 4.3.1.1. Alloiopteris aff. erosa (GUTBIER) STERZEL (Fig. 5b, Pl. 1, Fig. a) 1978 Alloiopteris erosa (GUTBIER) STERZEL: BOERSMA, p. 58, pl. XI, figs. 1, 2. 2004 Alloiopteris erosa Gutbier: Galtier , p. 213, fig. 4, pl. 7, figs. 1–4, Description: Only four specimens from Janików has been identi- fied as Alloiopteris aff. erosa, all in sub-layer B. The most com- plete fragment is 19 mm long and 3 mm wide (Fig. 5b, Pl. 1, Fig. a) and is a last order pinna. The smaller fragments are as little as 7 mm long and 2.5 mm wide. The pinnules are small and partly fused (Fig. 5b). The pinnule margin is irregular with lobes, and thus it is gibbous (Fig. 5b, Pl. 1, Fig. a). The venation is not prom- inent and was probably rarely forked, although this is mostly not visible on the specimens. Remarks: Alloiopteris is rarely found in deposits younger than Westphalian. BOERSMA (1978) mentioned the range of Al­ loiopteris erosa as being from the Asturian (“Westphalian D”) to the Barruelian (“Stephanian A”). NĚMEJC (1958) mentioned Alloiopteris cf. angustissima (STERNBERG) from the Saberian (“Stephanian B”) Radvanice coal seams. The first author col- lected Alloiopteris similar to Alloiopteris erosa before the clos- ing of the Kateřina II coal mine in Radvanice, Intrasudetic Basin. GALTIER (2004) described Alloiopteris erosa from the Stepha- nian B as the youngest representative of this genus. Now, we have similar specimens in the Permian (Asselian) of the Intrasudetic Basin. 4.3.2. Nemejcopteris BARTHEL, 1968 4.3.2.1. Nemejcopteris feminaeformis (SCHLOTHEIM ex STERZEL) BARTHEL (Pl. 1, Figs. b, c) 1820 Filicites feminaeformis SCHLOTHEIM, p. 307. 1968 Nemejcopteris feminaeformis (SCHLOTHEIM) comb. nov.; BARTHEL, p. 733, pl. 1–4, Figure 2. Detail of the geological map of the Broumov Permian with the Janików locality. (Orig. TÁSLER et al. (1966). G eologia C roatica Šimůnek and Ploch: New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland 203 2016 Nemejcopteris feminaeformis (SCHLOTHEIM ex STERNBERG) BARTHEL; BARTHEL, p. 151, figs. 85– 91, 92a. Description: Only last order pinna fragments with two to 18 pin- nules are preserved in lengths up to 20 mm. The pinnules are tri- angular with dentate margins, usually 4–7 mm long and 2–3 mm wide. The pinnules are basally fused. The venation is simple, pin- nate. Straight lateral veins arise at sharp angles from the midrib and end in teeth on the margin. Remark: This species is typical by its pinnule shape and is easily distinguished from other zygopterid species. In Central Bohemia, it is known mainly in Saberian (Stephanian B) depos- its of the Mšec and Hředle Members of a lake or deltaic origin. It is a similar situation in Janików. Nemejcopteris feminaeformis Figure 3. Section through the outcrop in Janików and images for comparison. G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2204 was studied in detail by Barthel (1968, 1976, 1980a, 2009, 2016). BARTHEL’s Nemejcopteris feminaeformis specimens come from Germany, and they are of the same age as specimens from the Janików locality. 4.4. Order Filicales ENGLER et PRANTL Family Tedeleaceae Eggert et T.N. TAYLOR (incl. Senftenbergiaceae REED) 4.4.1. Genus Senftenbergia CORDA. 4.4.1.1. Senftenbergia sp. (Pl. 1, Figs. d, e) Description: Senftenbergia sp. is not common in the Janików lo- cality in sub-layer C. The larger fragment is 17.5 mm long and 4.8 mm wide (Pl. 1, Fig. e). The pinnules are small, from 1 to 2.5 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide. Their shape is triangular with cren- ulated margins and a nearly pointed apex. The second specimen (Pl. 1, Fig. d) is a small fragment of a bigger frond. The pinnules are 4 mm long, basally fused. The venation is rare; the veins usu- ally obliquely grow from the midrib. Remarks: Only small fragments have been found, and there- fore, it is difficult to determine them. The most widespread spe- cies is Senftenbergia plumosa. Even if it was also mentioned from the Stephanian and Permian, it is most common in the Westphal- ian. Several similar species are known from the Permian: e.g., Senftenbergia saxonica BARTHEL (1976) and Dactylotheca elaverica (ZEILLER) BARTHEL. Sphenopteris mathetii ZEILLER (BARTHEL, 2009, fig. 156) is another similar spe- cies. Pteridosperms 4.5. Order Callistophytales ROTHWELL Family Callistophytaceae STIDD et J.W. HALL 4.5.1. Genus Dicksoniites SCHLOTHEIM ex STERNBERG. 4.5.1.1. Dicksoniites cf. plukenetii (SCHLOTHEIM ex STERN- BERG) STERZEL (Pl. 1, Fig. l) Description: Only tiny fragments of pinnae were found (Pl. 1, Fig. l). Most fragments are less than 1 cm long, but the pinnules are usually recognizable with a sphenopterid shape and sparse venation. This species is relatively common in the Janików local- ity in layers B, C, D and E. Remarks: This species is classified as Dicksoniites cf. pluke­ netii due to its fragmentary preservation. 4.6. Order Trigonocarpales, (medullosaleans) Family Trigonocarpaceae 4.6.1. Genus Trigonocarpus BRONGNIART 4.6.1.1. Trigonocarpus sp. (Pl. 2, Fig. b) Description: The only representative of the Trigonocarpales (Me- dullosales) from the Janików locality is this seed Trigonocarpus. It is relatively large, 14.5 mm long and 10.5 mm wide, and typi- cal of Trigonocarpus with three longitudinal ribs. Remarks: BARTHEL (2009) described several 10–25 mm long seeds as Trigonocarpus sp. BARTHEL (2009) compared them with Trigonocarpus noeggerathii (STERNBERG) BRONGNIART; however, he did not use this name because of the diverse seed assemblage. Trigonocarpus noeggerathii has been figured, by POTONIÉ (1893, pl. 33, figs 7, 8) from the Per- mian of the Thüringian Forest, but the species name has probably been used for various biological species. 4.7. Order Peltaspermales TAYLOR Family Autuniaceae DOWELD 4.7.1. Genus Autunia KRASSER 4.7.1.1. Autunia conferta (STERNBERG) KERP (Pl. 1, Fig. m.) 1864/1865 Callipteris affinis GÖPPERT: GÖPPERT, p. 104, pl. 13, figs. 1 and 2. 1980 Callipteris conferta (STERNBERG) BRONGNIART: BARTHEL et HAUBOLD, p. 49–105, figs. 1–11, pls. 1–15 1988 Autunia conferta (STERNBERG) KERP, p. 258–305, Pl. 1–25, Figs. 3–8. Description: Only one pinnule fragment from layer C at the Jan- ików locality has been found. This has a linguaeform pinnule shape, with a nearly rounded apex and lobate margin, 12 mm long and about 5 mm wide. A vein that divides several times enters each lobe from the midrib (Pl. 1, Fig. m). Remarks: BARTHEL and HAUBOLD (1980) studied spec- imens of Autunia conferta in detail and distinguished many forms, including that described earlier by GÖPPERT as Callip­ teris affinis (GÖPPERT, 1864/1865, pl. 13, figs. 1 and 2) from Otovice (Ottendorf) from the Intrasudetic Basin. BARTHEL et HAUBOLD (1980) named this form as “Callipteris conferta ssp. 6 b1” 4.8. Class Pinopsida BURNETT Order. Cordaitanthales MEYEN (Cordaitales SCOTT) Family Cordaitanthaceae MEYEN (Cordaitaceae GRAND’EURY) 4.8.1. Genus: Cordaites UNGER 4.8.1.1. Cordaites sp. (Pl. 2, Fig. 1) Description: Only three Cordaites fragments have been identi- fied in the Janików locality (see Tab. 1). The biggest fragment is 170 mm long and 19 mm wide with nearly parallel margins. The sample from layer A is 32 mm long and 10 mm wide. Apex and bases are not preserved, and the venation itself is insufficient to determine Cordaites species. The bigger fragment has about 20 veins; the smaller fragment from layer A (Pl. 2, fig. 1) has ap- proximately 25 veins per cm. Remark: Cordaitaleans from the Otovice localities have been recently studied (ŠIMŮNEK, 2019). Also, LIPPS (1927) de- scribed Cordaites principalis (GERMAR) GEINITZ from the Permian of Unisław Śląski from the Intrasudetic Basin and men- tioned 18–24 veins per cm and 3–4 sclerenchymatous bundles between each pair of veins. These characteristics correspond to Figure 4. An image of the Janików section. Hammer is in the fossiliferous layer. G eologia C roatica Šimůnek and Ploch: New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland 205 the type of Cordaites principalis (GERMAR) GEINITZ (see ŠIMŮNEK, 2015) however, the absence of the leaf apex and base make it problematic to identify to species level. ŠIMŮNEK (2019) classified cordaitalean species from the Permian of the In- trasudetic Basin based on more complete specimens and assigned similar narrow leaves as Cordaites cf. roesslerianus GEINITZ. According to venation, the Janików specimen could belong to ei- ther Cordaites principalis or C. cf. roesslerianus. 4.8.2. Genus Cardiocarpus BRONGNIART 4.8.2.1. Cardiocarpus sp. (Pl. 2, Fig. c) Description: This seed comes from layer C of the Janików local- ity. It is oval, slightly ovoid, 11 mm long, and 9 mm wide. The sclerotesta represents most of the seed body, sarcotesta being re- stricted to a narrow rim around the seed. A shallow, narrow groove runs from micropyle to chalaza. Remarks: BARTHEL (2009) classified the Permian Cardio­ carpus seeds as Cardiocarpus gutbieri GEINITZ with reference to POTONIÉ (1893). POTONIÉ (1893) figured several seeds (his pl. 31, figs 15–19) as Cardiocarpus gutbieri, however, these seeds are bigger than those from Janików – 15–30 mm long. LIPPS (1927) also mentioned Cardiocarpus gutbieri from Unisław Śląski, however, he did not mention their dimensions. GÖPPERT (1864/1865) mentioned several seed species from the surround- ings of Broumov and Nowa Ruda; they require revision. 4.9. Plant axes Description: These are the most abundant specimens from the Janików locality. They are up to 20 cm or more long, less than 1 cm to several cm wide. One, ca. 10 mm wide axis is distorted. These axes may be parts of rachises from creeping ferns or pteri- dosperms (Alloiopteris, Nemejcopteris, Senftenbergia or Dick­ soniites). 5. DISCUSSION Near Janików, the Ruprechtice Limestone is developed as a cal- careous bituminous shale and yields a distinctive macroflora lacking conifers and only rare Autunia conferta. However, this assemblage is dominated by creeping and lianascent ferns includ- ing Nemejcopteris feminaeformis and tree ferns mentioned here Lobatopteris sp. nov. Table 2. shows that many species are new for the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin: Alloiopteris aff. erosa, Nemejcopteris feminaeformis and Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius. Alloiopteris aff. erosa is probably the youngest example of this genus known anywhere in the world. Nemejcopteris feminae­ formis is known from the same age strata from Germany (BAR- THEL, 2009, 2016) and in the Boskovice Basin in Moravia (ŠIMŮNEK & MARTÍNEK, 2009). Cyathocarpus cf. densifo­ lius is also known from the same age strata in Germany. NĚMEJC (1940) described Asterotheca thuringiaca from the Broumov re- gion, and according to BARTHEL (2009), it is conspecific with Lobatopteris geinitzii. Senftenbergia was not previously men- tioned from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, but a specimen similar to Senftenbergia saxonica is deposited in the National Museum in Prague. Dicksoniites plukenetii has not previously been mentioned from the Bohemian part of the Intrasudetic Ba- sin but is recorded by LIPPS (1927) from Polish Unisław Śląski (Langwaltersdorf) in the same strata about 20 km NNW from Janików. So, nearly half of the assemblage is not typical for the Olivětín Member. The flora as a whole suggests a subhumid cli- mate with representatives of different groups of ferns and pteri- dosperms. The Janików plant assemblage is poor and fragmentary, with slightly over 50 specimens having been found within the space of a week. The flora is restricted to a 0.6 m thick calcareous bitu- minous mudstone (shale) (Table 1). This layer was divided into 5 sub-layers from top to base: A, B, C, D, E. Only a fragment Cor­ daites sp. has been found in sub-layer A. The other layers yielded more plant fragments; however, with so few specimens having been found, it is difficult to trace any clear trend in the distribu- tion of the taxa. Only Lobatopteris sp. nov. and Dicksoniites cf. plukenetii are known from all sub-layers B–E. Nearly half of the samples have been found from rocks without knowing the exact location stratigraphically. Together with plant fossils, fish remains have also been found. The black shales are considered to represent deep-water de- posits. The small fragments (mostly less than 3 cm) indicate long- distance transport from the lakeshore, maybe several hundred Table 2. Distribution of plant species in individual sub-layers in the Janików lo- cality from the top to the base. The last column shows species where the exact position is unknown. Species Janików Total A B C D E Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius 1 1 1 3 Lobatopteris cf. geinitzii 1 1 Lobatopteris sp. nov. 2 2 1 2 2 9 Sphenopteris sp. 1 3 4 Alloiopteris aff. erosa 3 1 4 Nemejcopteris feminaeformis 1 1 5 7 Senftenbergia sp. 1 1 2 Dicksoniites cf. plukenetii 1 1 1 3 3 9 Trigonocarpus sp. 1 1 Autunia conferta 1 1 Cordaites sp. 1 1 1 3 Cardiocarpus sp. 1 1 2 Seed 1 1 Plant axis 1 1 4 6 Total 1 8 10 3 7 24 53 Figure 5. a – Venation diagram of Lobatopteris cf. geinitzii; b – Venation diagram of Alloiopteris cf. erosa. The shaded pinnule margins represent the gibbous ( distorted) pinnule blade. Scale bar = 5 mm. G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2206 BORS, M. (1988): Litofaciální a biofaciální analýza svrchních olivětínských vrstev na Broumovsku (Lithofacial and biofacial analysis of the Upper Olivětín Member in the Broumov area).– MS. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 67 p. 8 pl. Prague. (in Czech). BOSSOWSKI, A. (1995): Lower Silesian Coal Basin.– In: ZDANOWSKI, A. & ŻAKOWA, H. (eds.): The Carboniferous System in Poland.– Prace Panstwowego Instytuta Geologicznego, 148, 173–175. CLEAL, C. J. (2015): The generic taxonomy of Pennsylvanian age marattialean fern frond adpressions.– Palaeontographica B, 292, 1–3, 1–21. doi: 10.1127/ palb/292/2015/1 CLEAL, C. J. & THOMAS, B. A. (1995): Palaeozoic Palaeobotany of Great Britain. -Chapman & Hall, 295 p. London. GALTIER, J. (2004): A new zygopterid fern from the Early Carboniferous of France and a reconsideration of the Corynepteris – Alloiopteris ferns.– Review of Palae- obotany and Palynology, 128, 195–217. doi: 10.1016/S0034-6667(03)00133-7 GÖPPERT, H. R. (1864–1865): Die fossile Flora der permischen Formation.– Palaeon- tographica, 12, 1–316. Cassel. JERZYKIEWICZ, J. (1987): Latest Carboniferous (Stephanian) and Early Permian (Autunian) palynological assemblages from the Intrasudetic Basin, southwestern Poland.– Palynology, 11, 117–131. doi: 10.1080/01916122.1987.9989324 KERP, J. H. F. (1988): Aspects of Permian palaeobotany and palynology. X. The west- and central European species of the genus Autunia KRASSER emend. KERP (Peltaspermaceae) and the form-genus Rhachiphyllum KERP (callipterid foliage).– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 54, 249–360. doi: 10.1016/0034- 6667(88)90017-6 KNIGHT, J. (1983). The stratigraphy of the Stephanian rocks of the Sabero Coalfield, Leon (NW. Spain) and an investigation of the fossil flora.– Palaeontographica B, 187, 155–248. LIPPS, T. (1927): Zur Rotliegendflora von Langwalterdorf (Niederschlesien).– Jahrbuch der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, 1927, 567–592. MOSBRUGGER, V. (1983): Organische Zusammengehörigkeit zweier Fossil-Taxa als taxonomisches Problem am Beispiel der jungpaläozoischen Fruktifikationen Sco­ lecopteris und Acitheca.– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 40, 191–206. MOSBRUGGER, V. (1986): Zur Klassifikation der Pecopteriden: ein Vergleich traditi- oneller Gliederungen mit der Ergebnisen einer Clusteranalyse.– Palaeontographi- ca B, 198, 75–99. NĚMEJC, F. (1940): The Pecopterids of the coal districts of Bohemia.– Sbornik Národ- niho Musea v Praze (Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae), B II/1, 1–28. NĚMEJC, F. (1948): Dodatky k poznání Pecopteris oreopteridia Schl. et auct. a P. cyathea Schl. et auct. [Additional notes on Pecopteris oreopteridia Schl. et auct. a P. cyathea Schl. et auct.].– Sborník Národního muzea v Praze, 4, 1, 1–8. NĚMEJC, F. (1953): Úvod do floristické stratigrafie kamenouhelných oblastí ČSR [In- troduction to the floral stratigraphy of the bituminous-coal districts of the CSR].– Nakl. ČSAV, 176 p. Prague. NĚMEJC, F. (1958): Biostratigraphical studies in the Carboniferous of the Bohemian part of the Intrasudetic Basin.– Rozpravy Československé akademie věd, Řada matematických a přírodních věd, 68/6, 1–67. OPLUŠTIL, S., SCHMITZ, M., KACHLÍK, V. & ŠTAMBERG, S. (2016): Re-asse- ssment of litostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and volcanic activity of the Late Paleo- zoic Intra-Sudetic, Krkonoše-Piedmont and Mnichovo Hradiště basins (Czech Re- public) based on new U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS ages.– Bulletin of Geosciences, 91/2, 399–432. POTONIÉ, H. (1893): Über das Rothliegende des Thüringer Waldes. Teil II: Die Flora des Rothliegenden von Thüringen.– Abhandlungen der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, Neue Folge, 9, 1–298, Berlin. RIEGER, Z. (1966): Fytopaleontologický výzkum Broumovského permu (Palaeobota- nical research of the Broumov Permian).– In: TÁSLER, R. et al. (eds): Základní geologický výzkum broumovského permu.– MS. Geofond, 33 p., Praha. (in Czech). SCHLOTHEIM, E. F. von (1820): Die petrefactenkunde auf ihren jetzigen Standpunc- tedurch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Überreste des Thier - und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt erläutert. 435 p., Beckersche Buchhan- dlung Gotha. ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2015): Cuticles of the Polish type material of Cordaites palmaeformis (Göppert) Weiss and a Cordaites principalis-like form from Germany, Pennsylva- nian.– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 223, 50–70. doi: 10.1016/j.rev- palbo.2015.09.001 ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2019): Revision of the genus Cordaites Unger from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin (Broumov Formation, Olivětín Member Czech Republic).– Ge- ologia Croatica, 72, 3, 163–172. doi: 10.4154/gc.2019.16 ŠIMŮNEK, Z., DRÁBKOVÁ, J. & ZAJÍC, J. (1990). Paleontologické zpracování sběrů z lokality Vrchlabí – zářez silnice na jz. okraji města. MS report (Palaeonto- logical evaluation of the collection from the Vrchlabí locality – road cut in the SW edge of the city).– Archiv of the Czech Geological Survey, Prague, 83 p. 52 pls. Praha. (in Czech) metres or more. The presence of fish and coprolites and an ab- sence of mud cracks and ripples indicate relatively deep-water conditions from the beginning of sedimentation. The plant re- mains include tiny fragments of pinnules and pinnae, mostly of arborescent and creeping ferns and pteridosperms, probably from coastal vegetation. The seed plants probably grew behind this barrier of coastal vegetation, but their existence is only indicated by Cardiocarpus and Trigonocarpus seeds. During the sedimen- tation of the lake deposits, the climate was probably subhumid (BASHFORTH et al., 2021). 6. CONCLUSION The hygrophilous to mesophilous plant assemblage from the Jani- ków locality comprises arborescent and lianascent ferns and pteridosperms probably representing coastal vegetation of the Ruprechtice lake. The climate in this interval of the Asselian was subhumid. Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius is a new species record for the Intrasudetic Basin. Nemejcopteris feminaeformis and Al­ loiopteris aff. erosa have their last appearance data here. The re- mains of the fossil-genera Sphenopteris, Lobatopteris and Senf­ tenbergia could not be classified to species. Pteridosperms were represented by Dicksoniites cf. plukenetii and Autunia conferta. A seed Trigonocarpus sp. indicates medullosan pteridosperms growing behind the barrier of coastal vegetation. Cordaitaleans were presented by Cordaites sp. and Cardiocarpus sp. Although arid climates tended to prevail in this region during the Asselian, the assemblage reported here shows that there could also be in- tervals with subhumid climates. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was subsidised by the grant 2017/26/M/ST10/00646 (Polish National Science Centre) and the Strategic Research Plan of the Czech Geological Survey (DTRVO/ČGS 2018/2022). The authors thank to Dr. R. RÖSSLER and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable remarks. REFERENCES BARTHEL, M, (1968): „Pecopteris“ feminaeformis (SCHLOTHEIM) STERZEL und „Araucarites“spiciformis ANDRAE in GERMAR. – Coenopterideen des Stephans und Unteren Perms.– Paläont. Abh., B, 2/4, 727–742. BARTHEL, M. (1976): Die Rotliegendflora Sachsens.– Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie Dresden, 24, 1–90. BARTHEL, M. (1980a): Pecopteris­Arten E. F. von SCHLOTHEIMS aus Typusloka- litäten in der DDR.– Schriftenr. Geol. Wiss. Berlin, 16, 275–304. BARTHEL, M. 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(2021): The environmental implications of upper Paleozoic plant-fossil assemblages with mixtures of wetland and drought-tolerant taxa in tropical Pangea.– Geobios, 68, 1–45. doi: 101016/j.geobios.2021.04.002 BEK, J. & OPLUŠTIL, S. (2021): Early Pennsylvanian and early Permian (Bashkiri- an–Asselian) miospore and pollenassemblages of the Czech part of the Intra-Su- deric Basin.– Bulletin of Geosciences, 96/3, 341–379. BOERSMA, M. (1978). A survey of the fossil flora of the ‚Illinger Flözzone‘ (‚Heu- sweiler Schichten‘, Lower Stephanian, Saar, German Federal Republic).– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 26, 41–92. doi: 10.1016/0034-6667(78)90006-4 G eologia C roatica Šimůnek and Ploch: New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland 207 ŠIMŮNEK, Z. & MARTÍNEK, K. (2009): A study of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian plant assemblages from the Boskovice Basin, Czech Republic.– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 155, 275–307. doi: 10.1016/j.revpal- bo.2008.05.006 STERNBERG, K.M. von (1825): Versuch einer geognostisch botanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt vol. 1(4): 1–48 pp. Tent. I–XLII, Ernst Brenck’s Wittwe, Regensburg. TÁSLER, R. et al. (1966): Základní geologický výzkum broumovského permu. (Prin- cipal geological research of the Broumov Permian).– MS Geofond, Praha. (In Czech). TÁSLER, R., ČADKOVÁ, Z., DVOŘÁK, J., FEDIUK, F., CHALOUPSKÝ, J., JETEL, J., KAISEROVÁ-KALIBOVÁ, M., PROUZA, V., SCHOVÁNKOVÁ- HRDLIČKOVÁ, D., STŘEDA, J., STŘÍDA, M. & ŠETLÍK, J. (1979): Geology of the Bohemian part of the Intra-Sudetic Basin. 296 p. Academia, Praha. [in Czech with English summary] WAGNER, R. H. (1983): A lower Rotliegend Flora from Ayrshire.– Scottish Journal of Geology, 19/2, 135–155. WAGNER, R.H. & ÁLVAREZ-VÁZQUEZ, C. (2010): The Carboniferous floras of the Iberian Peninsula: A synthesis with geological connotations.– Review of Pal- aeobotany and Palynology, 162, 239–324. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.06.005 ZEILLER, R. (1890): Bassin houiller et permien d’Autun et d’Épinac.– Études des Gites Minéraux de la France, Texte 1–304 p., Atlas 89 pls. Paris. ZOBEL, O. & CARNALL, R. (1831–1833): Geognostische Beschreibung von einem Theile des Niederschlesisch-Glätzisch- und Böhmischen Gebirges.– Archiv Min. (Karsten), Bd. 3 (1831): 3–95, 277–361; Bd. 4 (1832): 3–173. G eo lo gi a C ro at ic a Geologia Croatica 75/2208 Plate 1 Flora from the Janików, Božanovský Creek, locality. B, C, D and E designate the sub-layer from which the specimen originated; (-) means the sub-layer is unknown. Specimens from the Collections of the Czech Geological Survey, Prague. All figures scale bar = 5 mm. a – Alloiopteris cf. erosa, B, inv. No.: ZŠ 856., b and c – Nemej- copteris feminaeformis, B and (-), inv. Nos. ZŠ 857 and ZŠ 858. d and e – Senftenbergia sp., C – (-), inv. Nos. ZŠ 859 and ZŠ 860., f and g – Lobatopteris sp. nov., C – B, inv. Nos. ZŠ 861 and ZŠ 862., h – Lobatopteris cf. geinitzii, C, inv. No.: ZŠ 863, i – k – Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius, C–(-)–E, inv. Nos. ZŠ 864, ZŠ 865 and ZŠ 866., l – Dick- soniites cf. plukenetii, D, inv. No.: ZŠ 867., m – Autunia cf. conferta, C, inv. No.: ZŠ 868. G eologia C roatica Šimůnek and Ploch: New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland 209 Plate 2 Flora from the Janików, Božanovský Creek, locality A and C designate the sub-layer from which specimen originated; (-) means the sub-layer is unknown. Speci- mens from the Collections of the Czech Geological Survey, Prague. All figures scale bar = 5 mm. a – Cordaites sp., A, inv. No.: ZŠ 868., b – Trigonocarpus sp., (-), inv. No.: ZŠ 870., c – Cardiocarpus sp., C, inv. No.: ZŠ 871.