GEOL. C ROAT . 50/2 187- 199 I rig. I Tab. 3 Pi s. ZAGREB 1997 

Upper Palaeozoic Fossils from Clastic Sedimentary Rocks in 
the Gorski Kotar Region 

lasenka SREMAC ' and Dunja AL./INOVIC' 

Key words: Uppe r Palaeozoic, Foss ils, Gorski Kotar, 
Croat ia. 

Abstract 
Clastic sedimentary rocks in the vicinity o f MrLle Yodice in the 

Gorski kot"r region contain numerous Upper Palaeozoic fossi ls, pre­
se rved as skele tal det rit us in calclithit cs. o r wi thi n lithocla~IS in 
coarse-grained sedime nt s. Seven ty-two taxa have been de termined 
(most of them for (h e first lime) in thi s region. The moSI abundant 
groups arc foraminife rs and calcareous algae. Ca lcisponges, cc hino­
denus and bryozoans occur frequently. while remnants o f moll uscs, 
brachi opods and os tracods nrc scarce. The determined taxa range 
from Ihe Lower Carboniferous (Visean), through the Upper Carboni­
ferous (Moscovian, Kasimovian, Gzhclian), up to the Lowcr Pcrmi an 
(Asselian) in agc. Somc of thc clastic sed imcn ts sho w traces o f the 
multi pic rcdeposit ion. 

1. INTRODUCTION 

I\t several localities in the vicinit y or Mrzla Vodica 
in the Gorski Kotar region (Kosmacev Brijeg hill and 
creeks: Kriz potak, Mrzli ca potak and l ezerine potok) 
clastic sediments have been sam plcd ror sedimentologi­
cal and palaeontological analysis (Fig. I). The thickness 
of the clasti c com pl ex has bcen est im ated at approxi­
mately 150 m. At the exposed outcrops, heterogenous 
sed im cnt s occur: [1'0111 black shalcs and various sand­
stones (inc luding the peculiar calclithites) to ortho­
quartzit e and pctromicl conglomerat es and calcareous 
breccias. These sed iments alternate laterally and vert i­
call y, and some of the vari eties repeatedly appear in the 
verti ca l sec tion (ALJ INOV IC et aI. , 1997). Unfortu­
nat ely , in these wild forests, Permi an ou tcrops are nOI 
well exposed, and the complete sllccession cannot be 
observed. 

I DCp'lI' llllCnt of Geology anel Palaeon lology, Faculty of Science , 
Univcrs ity o f Zagreb, Uli ca kralja Zvoniminl 8. I-IR -IOOOO Zagreb, 
Croatia. 

~ FacullY o f Mini ng, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Un iversi ty 
of Zagre b, Pierottijc\'a 6, IIR - IOOOO Zagreb, Croatia. 

Klju cne rijeci: gornji paleozoik, fos ili , Gorsk i kOlar, 
Hrvatska. 

Saietak 
Kla!i tic ni sed iment] okol icc Mcd ill Vodi ca II Gors kome kotaru 

sad ric broj ne gornjopateo1.ojske fos il e, koji prcdslavl jaju skeletni 
de tri tus u ka lklil ili ma, ii i su pak unu tar litokillst a u kru pnoz rnati m 
sedimcn tim a. Odredena Sll seda mdesc td va tak so na, medu kojima je 
veCin:t po prvi puta naden<l U ovom podrucju. NajccSci su nalazi 
foramini fcra i al gi, zalim kalcispongija, bodljikasa i briozoa, dok se 
neslo rjedc nadu mekusci , ramenonosc i i ostrakodi. Mcdu nadenim SlI 

vrstama i provodni fos il i donjega karbona (v izc), gornjega karbona 
(moskov ij, kasimov ij . gzelij) i donjega pe nna (asel ij). Ncki fosili 
pOkHzuju Imgove vises lfukog prClalozivanja. 

2. PREVIOUS STUDIES OF PALAEOZOIC 
FOSSILS IN THE GORSKI KOT AR 

Uppcr Palaeozoic rossils, predominant ly rusul inids 
and ammonoids, from Gors ki Kotar were studied for 
the first time by the Austri an geolog ists SC HUBERT 
(1907) and VOGL (191 3). 

Croat ian geologis ts under thc lcadership or M. 
Salopek prepared (he detailed geologica l maps o r Ihis 
area (SA LOPEK, 1949, 1960). Carboniferous " fu suli ­
nid" (Triticites) sandstones and heterogeneous Permian 
sed im ent s, ranging from the Rattend orf 10 the Sos io­
stage, have been distinguished in the vicinit y of Mrzla 
Vod ica (Fig. I). Salopek considered (he Upper Permian 
Bellerophon beds to be absent in thi s regio n. Fusul i­
nids, brachiopods and gonialite ammonoids were co l­
lected du ri ng these invest igations. Unfortunately, some 
parts of (he area have been nooded during the construc-

This paper was presented at the scientific meeting 
dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the life 01' 

Professor Milan Herak , 
held on March 5th, 1997 in Zagreb 



'88 Geologia Croatica 50(2 

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f-i g. I Geo logical map of (he area surrounding Mrzla Vodica (aner SALOPEK, 1960, partly modi fied). Legend: [) Q - alluvial deposits: 2) J] -

limestone; 3) T3 - do]omilc; 4) T I - clastic sediments and dolomites: 5) P( J' - barite, pyrite alld limonite deposits; 6) P - sand stones; 7) P­
quartz-conglomerates; 8) P - porous conglomerates; 9) P - mass ive dark-coloured limesLOnes; 10) P - black shales and sands tones in al(erna­
tion: II ) P - black shales; 12) P - dark-coloured coarse-grained sandstones; 13) C - triticite sandstones. 



Srcl1lac & Aljinovic: Upper Pal:teozoic Fos.~ils from Clastic Sediment:l ry Rocks ... 

lion o f the a rtific ial lake in Lokve, includin g several 
fossili ferous outcrops with Palaeozoic ammonoids and 
Iytloniids. 

KOC II ANSKY -DEVIDE (I955), in he r pape r on 
Carbon ife rous fusulinids from the Velebit MI. , men­
tioned several new fusulinid species from Gorski Kotar, 
and determi ned the Carboni ferous age o f the sedimenta­
ry rocks in the vicin ity of Mrzla Vod ica for the firs t 
time. 

KOC II ANS KY-DEVIDE & HERAK ( 1960) descri­
bed the Pe rmian species of AlIfhracoporella and 
I-licorocodillm from the same area. 

KO C HANSKY- DEVIDE (1 973) wrote abou t the 
Trogkofcl beds in Croatia. She interpreted the coa rse­
gra incd c lastic scdiments from Mrzla Vodiea as be ing 
the consequence of redeposition and unstable environ­
mental condi tions linked with the tectonic activity. The 
Trogkofcl agc of the sediments from C iganski jarak 
local ity (Pig. I ) has been proved with index species of 
Pseudo/usu/if/a and RO/JIIstosclnvagerina. The author 
observed the two new fu sulillid species from Kri z pot ok 
creek, wh ich will late r be described by MILANOV IC 
( 1982). 

MILANOVIC ( 1982) described in detail the deter­
mined microfauna from Kriz pOlOk. The most abundant 
ge ne ra a t thi s locality arc Triticifes and FlIslllinel!a , 
with scarce findings of Schubertella, Qllasiendothyra, 
PermodisclIs, and Pseudostafella. Among the ten taxa, 
two new spec ies, Triticiles kochallskae and Paratrit ­
ie·iles crooticus, were desc ribed. Considering the pre­
domination of ke riothecal tests, Milanov ic sugges ted 
the posl-Kasi mov ian age fo r these sediments. 

PA LI NKAS & SREMAC (1989) described the bari­
te-bearing stromatolites from the vicin ity o f Mrzla Vod­
ica, taking inlo consideration the previous d ilemmas on 
the age or the barite bearing laye r. They c laimcd that 
the described sediments lie concordantly 011 the Palaeo­
zoic clastic sedimcnts, and connect the formation of the 
stromHtolites with tidal flats, during the Upper Permian 
or Lower Triassic. 

Although the index fossils of the uppermost Permi­
an have not ye t been found in this area, numerou s aut­
hors cons ide r the sedimentation in Gorski kotar to be 
continuous d uring the en tire Pemlian and Lower Trias­
sic pe riods (sec HERAK & TOMIC, 1995). 

3. PALAEONTOLOGICAL DATA 

Micropalaeontological research of a ll the invest iga­
ted sedimentary rocks from the vic inity of Mrzla Vodi ­
ca resulted in numerous finding s of Upper Palaeozoic 
fossils. All together seventy-two taxa have becn de ter­
mined, wi th predomi nation of foraminife rs (thirty-two 
tax a) and calcareous al gac (twenty taxa , inc luding fif­
teen da syc ladaceans) . Macrofossil remnants have al so 
bee n co ll ccted , predominantly calcispon ges, ammo­
noids, bryozoans and echinoderms, toge ther with scarce 
molluscs, brachiopods and ostracod s (Table 1). Over 

189 

50% of the de term ined taxa have been reported for the 
first time in this region. 

Ext remely fossiliferou s limestone rragments come 
from conglomerates at the Kosm<lcev Brijeg and Kriz 
potok localities. These pebbles contain approxi mately 
rourty diffe rent fossil taxa. Fossil s from calclithites 
appear to be scarce and poorly preserved. 

Determination of fossils was based upon the follow­
ing papers: CONIL & LYS (1964), DUC TIEN ( 1979), 
ENDO ( 1969), FLOGEL (1980) , HOMANN (1972), 
GRANIER & DELOFFR E ( l 995) , KOCHANSKY­
DEVIDE ( 1959, 1970), KONISHI & WRAY (1961 ), 
ROUX (l979) and V ACHARD (1980). 

Almost half of the de termined species ha ve rather 
large strat igraphic ranges, but approx im ately twcnty 
taxa are strongl y indica ti ve of Carbonife rous or Pe rmi­
an ages. 

Among the Carboni fe rou s taxa, nine spec ies o f 
Visean small foraminife rs (genera Arc/wcdisclIs, Pa/ae­
ospirop/ecJammina , Endothyra) occur (PI. I , Figs. 4, 5, 
7 and 12), toget her wit h several Moscov ian or Kasi­
mov ian spec ies. Moscovian algae (genus Gyroporcl/a) 
are shown on PI. III , Fi gs. 1-3, and Kasim ov ian schu­
bCi1clids and triticites appear on PI. II , Figs. 1-4. 

FiJ'tccn determined taxa (Tetrataxis, E./lugelia, Co­
diaceae, Epimastopora, Arractyliopsis, etc.) range from 
the Gzheliall to the lowermost Pe rmian, or indicate thc 
Rattcndorr~stage of the Lower Pe rmian (see PI. 1, Figs. 
8, 9: PI. 1Il, Figs. 4-6). 

Among the taxa that survived throughout the Pc rmi­
an period authors have collected Tuberirina (PI. I, Figs. 
2,3), Lasiodisclis (PI. I, Fig . 2), GlobivalvlIlilla (PI. I, 
Fig. 11), Pseudo!uslliina, C/aracrlfs{(I and Tuhiphyles 
(pI. II , Fig. 7). Two lagenid taxa, Frolldilla and Cryp­
fOseprida have been previous ly reported o nl y from the 
Upper Permian sediments. 

4. DISCUSSION 

It is a known fact that the age oj" clastic sedimentary 
rocks can rare ly be prec isel y de te rmined . Either 
au tochtonous foss ils from the matrix are found, or the 
superposition rule is applied. Bioc lasts from the vicinity 
of Mrz la Vodica are al most always damaged, and are 
presumably redeposi ted. 

The amount of algac is conside rably smaller in fine­
gra ined sediment s than in limesto ne pebblcs, varying 
from approximate ly 10% in ca lc lit h itcs up to 30 % in 
pebbles, because a lga l s ke le tons a rc less pe rs istent to 
destructi on than foraminife ral tests. 

T he age of thc de termi ned fossi ls varics fro m the 
Lower Carboniferous (Visean), through the Upper Car­
bonifero us (Moscovian , Kasimovian, Gzhelian ). to the 
Lower Pennian (Asselian). Fossi ls yo unger than Lowcr 
Permian have not been co ll ec ted during ou r inves tiga­
tio ns, but thcy have been report ed by the previolls 
authors. Two specim ens or primiti ve lage nids do not 
provide sufficient proof for an Upper Pe rmian agc. 



'''" 

PROTOZOA 

ORDO: FORAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 1830. 

Subordo: TEXTULARJJNA Delage & Herouard, 1896. 

l ' Tolypammlna glomosplroldes BOGUS & JUFEAEV 

Subordo: FUSULININA Wedekind, 1937. 

2 Eotuberitins reitlingerae MIKLUHO - MAKLAJ 

3 Tuberitina collosa REITLINGER 

4 Tuberltina sp. 

5 Archaediscus redilus CONIL& LYS 

6 Permediscus sp. 

7 Eolas/cd/scus donbasslcus REITLlNGER 

8 Las/cd/scus minor REICHEL 

9 Climacammina e/egans (MOELLER) 

10 Palaeotextularla dlversa TSCHERNYSCHEV 

11 Deckerefla sp. 

12 Pafaeotextufsr/ldae gen. et. sp. indet. 

13 Globivalvu/ina ex. gr. bulloides BRADY 

14 Globlvalvullna sp. 

15 Dagmarlta chanakchlensls REITLINGER 

16 Pafaeospiroplectammina sp. 

17 Endospiroplectammina venusta (VDOVENKO) 

18 Glomosplranella ? sp. 

19 Pseudolituotubella tenuissima VDOVENKO 

20 Plonoendothyra splrlllfniformfs BRALNIKOVA & POTIEVSKAJA 

21 Planoendothyra sp. 

22 Endothyra prlsca RAUZER -CERNOUSOVA 

23 Bradyina sp. 

24 Tetrataxls ct. plana MOROZOVA 

25 Tetrataxls conlca EHRENBERG 

26 Tetrataxis sp. div. 

27 Poly taxis maxima SCHELLWEIN 

28 Schubertef/a australis THOMPSON & MILLER 

29 Schubertello mJachkovensis RAUZER-CERNOUSOVA 

30 Schubertef/a klngJ DUNBAR & SKINNER 

31 Schubertella sp. 

32 Fusullnella ct. bockl MOELLER 

33 Pseudofusulina ? sp. 

34 Tr/tlcJtes kochanskae MILANOVIC 

35 Paratriticites croaticus MILANOVIC 

Subordo: MIUOUNA Delage & Herouard, 1896. 

136 Apterinelfa sp. 

137 Calclvertella ? sp. 

Subordo: LAG EN INA Delage & Herouard, 1896. 

38 Cryptoseptlda sp. 

39 Frondina permica SELLIER de CIVRIEUX & DESSAUVAGIE 

KOS. B. = KOSMACEV BRIJEG - IZ VALUTICA (FROM THE PEBBLES) 

KOS. B*. = KOSMACEV BRIJEG - IZ KALKUTITA (FROM CALCLITITES) 

MRZ. P. = MRZUCA POTOK 

JEZ. P. = JEZERINE POTOK 

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Table I List of the determined taxa from di fferentlocal il ies in the vic init y of Mrz le Yodice with slfmigraph ic ranges and comparative li sls. 



Sremac & Aljillovic: Upper Pnlneozoic Fossils from Clastic Sedimentary Rocks .. . 191 

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40 Claracrusta calamistrfata VACHARD P • • 
41 Asteractinella ? sp. P • • • 
42 Calcispongiae gen. et. sp. indet. pz-rec • • • • --
43 GASTROPODA pz-rec • • • • • • 
44 OSTRACODA pz-rec • • 

B R Y 0 Z 0 A • • 
45 Fenestella ..- C-p • 
46 Tip A ~ ? • 
47 Tip B t pz-rec • • • • 
4B BRACHIOPODA pz-rec • • 

ECHINODERMATA 

49 Crinoidea pz-rec • • • • • • 
50 I Echinoidea pz-rec • • • • 

SHIZOPHYTA 

1511 Girvanella permica PIA 
r-- --I- --

c, • , 
--

RHODOPHYTA 

52 Eflugelia johnsoni (E. FLUGEL) C 2 - P, • • • 
CHLOROPHYTA 

CODIACEAE 

53 Anchicodium magnum (ENDO) C2 - PI • 
54 Eugonophyflumjohnsoni KONISHI & WRAY C 2 - P, • • 
55 Neoanchicodium catenoides EN DO P, • • • 

DASVCLADALES 

56 Donezella sp. C 2 - P, • • 
57 Vermiporella ? sp. c-p • -
5B Anthracoporella spectabilis PIA c-p • • • • 
59 Gyroporella likana KOCHANSKY - DEVIDE c, • • 
60 GyroporeJfa constricta KOCHANSKY - DEVIDE c, • • • 
61 Gyroporelfa microporosa EN DO P • 
62 Gyroporella sp. C 2 - J, • • 
63 PseudogyroporelJa mizziaformis EN DO C~- P • • • 
64 Epimastoporella alpina KOCHANSKY - HERAK P, • • • 
65 Epimastopora kroatiaca HOMANN C 2 - P, • • • , 
66 EpimastoporelJa sp. C 2 - P • 
67 Paraepimastopora kanumai EN DO C 2 -P • 
6B Atractyliopsis carnica E. FLUGEL p, • • ? 

69 Salopeklella sp. 
c1. S. ve lebitana MILANOVI.~~ 
(?_ Ortonella mOrlkawai ENDO) P • • 

70 Goniolinopsis ? sp. P • 
PROBLEMATICA 

71 Tubiphytes obscurus MASLOV C2 - P • • • • • • • 
72 Tublphytes carinthiacus E FLUGEL P • 



1l)2 

The amount of algae varies not only with grain size, 
but also with the age of clasts. The first diverse 
mierofloral community can be extracted from the 
Moscovian pebbles, and the most abundant algae have 
been observed within clasts of Gzhelian to Asselian 
age. 

According to the sedimentological features, the 
investigated sediments show the greatest sim ilarity to 
the clastic Trogkofcl beds from Ortnek in Slovenia, 
described by RAMOYS & KOCHANSKY-DEYIDE 
(1965). The authors claim that the development of the 
Trogkofel stage in the vicinity of Mrzla Vodica and Cr­
ni Lug cou ld not be very different from that in the Ort­
nek district. They also presume that the clastic sedimen­
tation in these localities has began in the Lower Permi­
an (RAMOYS & KOCHANSKY-DEYIDE, 1965, p. 
69). 

Clast ic equivalents of the Trogkofcl beds have also 
been reponed from boreholes in southern Hungary, 
Hrvatsko Zagorje and Medvcdnica Mt. (BERCZI­
MAKK & KOCHANSKY-DEYIDE, 1981). 

5. CONCLUSION 

Clastic sedimentary rocks from the vicinity of Mrzla 
Vodica in the Gorski Kotar district have been studied at 
the localities Kosmacev Brijeg hill and the Kriz potok, 
Mrzlica potok and Jczerine potok creeks. 

Seventy-two fossil taxa have been determined from 
conglomerate pebbles and calclithites, among which 
more than half are newly described in this region . 

The most abu ndant fossils are foraminifers (thirty­
nine taxa) and calcareous algae (twenty-two taxa). 
These species arc in association with macrofossils 
(sponges, molluscs, ostracods, bryozoans, brachiopods 
and echinoderms). 

Approximately half of the determined species are 
indicative of particular periods in the Carboniferous 
(Visean, Moscovian, Kasimovian, Gzhelian) or the 
Lower Permian (Asselian), while the other taxa show a 
wider stratigraphic range. Marine Trogkofel fossils 
have been reported by previous authors. Therefore a 
continuous marine sedimentation from the Lower Car­
boni/·erous (Visean) up to the Trogkofel stage has been 
presumed for this area. 

Foraminifera predominate in Visean and Kasimov­
ian clasts, and calcareous algae are most abundant in 
the Moscovian pebbles, as well as in Gzhelian to 
Asselian clasts. Therefore, a variation of sea level can 
be presumed, with extrcmely shallow water conditions 
during the Moscovian and at the Carboniferous/Penni­
an border. 

It has been concluded that the uplift of the sedimen­
tary basin in the study area began after the Lower Per­
mian, cnab ling deposition of the molasse deposits. 
Shallow-marine sedimentation was restored presumably 
in the Lower Triassic. Sedimentologically, these sedi-

lICOlogJa Lroallca :JUfL 

mentary rocks show the greatest similarity with the 
clastic Trogkofel beds of the neighbouring areas. 

The age of the investigated clastic scdiments could 
not be precisely determined. Nevertheless, it can be 
concluded that they are younger than the Lower Per­
mIan. 

6. REFERENCES 

ALJINOYIC, D., SREMAC, J. & KOCH, G. (1997): 
Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from Gorski 
kotar, Croatia: new sedimentological and paleonto­
logical data.- 18th Regional European Meeting of 
Sedimentology, Sept. 2-4, 1997, Abstracts, Gaea 
Heidelbergensis, 3, 42-43, Heidelberg. 

BERCZ1-MAKK, A. & KOCHANSKY-DEYIDE, Y. 
(1981): Marine Lower and Middle Permian in the 
oil exploratory well UjIalu-! (SW Hungary).- Acta 
Geol. Acad. Sci. I-lung., 24/1, 11 7- 128, Budapest. 

CONIL, R. & L YS, M. ( 1964): Materiaux pour l' etude 
micropalcontologique du Dinantien de la Belgique 
et de la France (Avesno is).- Mem. Ins\. geol. Univ. 
Louvain, 13, 1-292, Louvain. 

DUC T1EN, N. (1979): E tude micropateontologique 
(Foraminiferes) de materiaux du Permien du Cam­
bodge.- Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Paris Sud, 
Centre d'Orsay, Paris, 166p. 

ENDO, R. (1969): Fossil algae from Ihe Khao Phlong 
Phrab District in Thai land.- In: KOBA Y ASH!, T. & 

TORYAMA, R. (eds.): Geology and Palaeontology 
of SE Asia. 7, 33-85, Tokyo. 

FLUGEL, E. (1980): Die Trogkofcl-Stufe im Unter­
perm der Karnischen Alpen.- Carinthia, II/36, 1-
260. 

HOMANN, W. (1972): Unter- und tief-mittelpcrmische 
Kalkalgen aus den Rattendorfer Schichten, clem 
Trogkofel-Kalk lind dem Tressdorfer Kalk del' Kar­
nischen Alpen (Osterreich).- Senckenbergiana 
lethaea, 53/3-4, 135-313. 

GRANIER, B. & DELOFFRE, R. (1995): Inventaire 
critique des algues dasycladales fossiles, III partie -
Les algues dasycladales du Permien et du Trias.­
Revue de Paleobiologic, 14/1 (1994),49-84. 

HERAK, M. & TOMIC, Y. (1995) : Continental sub­
duction tectonics in the High Karst Dinarides of 
Western Croatia.- Geol. Croatiea, 48/2, 161-166. 

KOCHANSKY-DEYIDE, Y. (1955): Karbonske i per­
mskc fuzulinidne foraminifere Velebita i Like. l. 
OpCi dio i karbon.- Rad Jugos!. akad., 305, 5-62, 
Zagreb. 

KOCHANSKY-DEYIDE, Y. (1959): Karbonske i per­
mske fuzulinidne foraminifere Velcbita i Like. Do­
nji perm.- Palaeontol. jugosl., 3, 1-62, Zagreb. 



Srcln;)c & Aljinovic: Upper Pal;leozoic Fossils from Cla~tic Sedimenrm), Rocks ... 

KOC!-IANSKY -DEVIDE, V. (1970): Die Kalkalgen 
des Karbons yom Vclcbit-Gebirge (Moskovien und 
Kassimovicn).- Palaeont. jllgOSl. , 10,5-3 1, Zagreb. 

KOCHANSKY-DEVIDE, V. ( 1973): Trogkofelske na­
s lage 1I Hrvatskoj. (Die Trogkofelablagerun gcn in 
Kroatien).- Geol. vjesnik, 26 (1972), 41-51. 

KOCHANSKY-DEVIDE, V. & HERAK, M. (1960): 
On the Carbonife rou s and Pe rmi an Oasycladaeeae 
of Yugoslavia.- Geol. vjcsnik, 13,65-96. 

KONISHI , K. & WRAY , J.L. (1961): EugonophyIIum, 
a new Pennsylvanian and Permian algal genus.- J. 
Pal. , 35/4, 659-666, Menasha. 

MILANOVIC, M. ( 1982): Carboniferous microfossil 
associat ions [rom Gorsk i KOlar , I-Irvatsko Zagorje 
and Banija.- Pal aeon I. jugosl., 28, 1-34, Zagreb. 

PALI NKAS, L.A. & SREMAC, J. ( 1989): Barite bear­
ing stromatolitcs al Ihe Permian-Triass ic boundary 
in Gorski kotar (C roatia , Yugoslavia).- Mem. Soc. 
Geol. 11. ,40 (1987), 259-264, Roma. 

RAMOVS , A. & KOCHANSKY-DEV IDE, V. (1965): 
Razvoj mlaj sega pa lcozoika v okol ici Orlneka fl a 
Dolenjskem.- Razprave IV. razr. SAZU, 8, 319-416, 
Ljubljana. 

193 

ROUX, A. ( 1979): Revi si on du genre Epimastopora 
"Pia , 1922" (Dasycladaeeae).- Bull. Centres Reeh. 
Exp lor.-Prod. EI f-Aqu itaine, Pau, 3/2, 803 -8 10, 
Paris. 

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akad. , 55 , 175-184, Zagreb. 

SALOPEK, M. (1960): 0 gornjem paleozoikuu okolini 
Mrzle Vodicc i Crnog Luga.- Acta geol., 2, 121-
138, Zagreb. 

SCHUB ERT, R. (1907): Vorl iiufige Mitteilung tiber 
Foraminifercn und Ka lkaJgen <IU S clem dalmatini s­
chen Karbon.- Verh. Geol. Reichsansl., H. 8, 211 -
2 14, Wien. 

VACHARD , D. (1980): Tethys et Gondvana au Paleo­
zoique Superieur Ics Oonnes Afghanes.- Doc um. 
Trav. IGAL, 2, 396-397, Paris. 

VOGL, V. ( 1913): Die Palaeodyas von Mrzla Vodica in 
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sansl. , 2 I, 153-168, Budapesl. 

Manuscript received Apri l 14, 1997. 
Revised manuscript accepted November 10, 1997 . 



194 Geologia Croatica 50/2 

PLATE I 

Foraminifers 

I Toiypammina giomospiroides BOGUS & JUFEREY; x 50. 

2 Tliberitina collosa REITLINGER, Lasiodisclis millor REICHEL; x 25. 

3 Eotllberitilla reitiillgerae MIKLUHO-MAKLAJ; x 50. 

4 Pialloelldothyra sp.; x 50. 

5 Archaedisclis reditus CONIL & LYS; x 50. 

6 Palaeotextularia sp.; x 50 

7 Palaeospiroplectammina sp., BradyinG sp.; x SO. 

8 Tetrataxis conica EHRENBERG; x 25. 

9 Tetrataxis sp.; x 25. 

!O Tetrataxis cf. piana MOROZOV A encrusted with tubiphytes and bryozoans; x 50. 

II Clobiva/vlIIiJl([ ex gr. bullaides BRADY; x 40. 

12 Plalloendothyra spirilliniJormis BRAZNIKOY A & POTIEYSKAJA, Epimasloporella alpilla KOCHAN­
SKY & HERAK, Fenestella sp.; x 40. 

Age and locality: 

2-3 

4 

5,7, 12 

6 

8 

9, 10 

11 

12 

Carboniferous, Kosmacev Brijeg (from the pebble). 

Permian, Kosmacev Brijeg (from the pebble). 

Lower Carboniferous (Visean), Kriz potak. 

Lower Carboniferous (Visean), Kosmacev Brijeg (from the pebble). 

Carboniferous or Permian, Kosmacev Brijeg (from calclithites). 

Carboniferous or Permian, Kriz patak. 

Uppcr Carboniferous (Moscovian), Kosmacev Brijeg (from the pebbles). 

Carboniferous or Permian, Kriz potak. 

Lower Carboniferous (Yisean), Kosmacev Brijeg (from the pebbles). 



PLATE] Sn:IIl;I!,; & Aljinovic 
~-----------------------------------------------------------

195 

6 7 

8 9 

10 12 



PLATE TI 

Fusulinids and microfoss il particles 

Schuberlel/a killgi DUNBAR & SKINNER; x SO. 

2 SclllIberrel/a auslra/is THOMPSON & MILLER; x SO. 

3 hilieiles kochallskae MILANOVIC; x 50. 

4 Paralrilieiles eroO/ieus MILANOVIC; x 50. 

5 Epil1lasloporel/a a/pilla KOCHANSKY & HERAK, Aplerillel/a sp.; x 50. 

6 Cryploseplida sp.; x 50. 

7 Tubiphyles c(frill/iliaeus E. FLOGEL within the brachiopod shell; x 10. 

g Ostracods in the central cavity of a calcisponge; x 25. 

Age and locality: 

1-2, 5 

3 

4 

6 
7,8 

Lower Permian (Asselian), Kri i patak. 

Upper Carbon iferous (Kasimovian) , Jezerine patak. 

Upper Carboniferous (Kasimovian), Kosmacev Brijeg (from calc lithites). 

?Upper Permian , Kosmacev Brijeg, ([rom the pebble). 

Pennian, Kosmacev Brijeg ([rom the pebbles). 

Ucologla croallca )Ufl. 



Srernac & Aljinovic PLATE II 197 

1 2 

5 

" . . " ~ 

6 7 8 



198 Geologia Croalica 50(2 

PLATE III 

Calcareolls algae 

1,2 Gyroporella likalla KOCHANSKY-DEVIDE; x 25. 

3 G. cOllsTricTa KOCHANSKY-DEVIDE; x 25. 

4 Epil1lasropora kroaTiaca HOMANN, ATracTy/iopsis camica E. FLU GEL; x 50. 

5 EpilllasToporelia a/pilla KOCHANSKY & HERAK; x 25. 

6 Neoallchicodium catcnoides ENDO encrusted with GirvGllclla permica PIA; x 50. 

7 N. calelloides, Alllllracoporella sp ec/abi/is PIA, macrofossi l fragments encrusted with thick cyanobacte­
rial crusts; x 10. 

Age and tocality: 

1-3 Upper Carboniferous (Moseovian), Kriz pot ok. 

4-5 Lower Permian (Asselian), Kosmacev Brijeg (from the pebbles). 

6-7 Lower Permian (Asselian), Kriz potak. 



Srcm;IC & Aljinovic 

5 

6 7 



200 Lieologla Croatlea ::,u/L