GEOL. CROAT. 49/2 335 - 337 1 Fig. ZAGREB J996 Absrracf - Note The Integration of Geological Parameters: Procedure, Importance, Practical Value Dubravko LUCIe 1. INTRODUCTION The procedure from petroleum exploration through field development 10 production activities in any region is undoubtedly a very expensive and risky business. Recent changes in the traditional organization of many oil and gas companies has been caused by several fac­ tors. Tn an area of fluctuating oil and gas prices, an increased emphasis on profit margins, finding and development costs, production expenses, and the opti­ mal exploitation of producing properties have been of major imporlance. In attempt to reduce down pre­ drilling risks/costs, with the intention of production optimization, the integration of all the geological, petro­ physical and other parametcrs is obvious. Carefully selected "playcrs" with special skills work together, resolving the particular problems, from the microscopic point to interwell and fieldwide scale via a depositional model and log/seismic analysis. Technicaly, the first step is necessary to make the petrophysical and geolog­ ical integration of all the available, laboratory "in situ" parameters. In addition to "mechanical" propcrties (ALHILALI & SHANMUGAM, 1991), the other geo­ logical disciplines (LUCIC & KRIZMANIC. 1993) like sedimentology (JOHNSON & STEWART, 1987) , sequence stratigraphy (PA YTON, 1977; LUCIC, 1995), biostrat igraphy, palaeoecology (KRIZMANIC & PRE­ MEC-FUCEK, J 996), geochemis try etc .• also have to be takcn into accou nt for the bettcr understanding of the dynamic history ofthc rcscrvoir (VAVRA et al., 1991), or sourcc rock development. The results of such inte­ gration process should be used as the calibration tool for additional methods e.g. wire-line logging, seismic etc. (SERRA, 1985), which enable latera l correlation. In this way, with a relatively low budget a real and nat­ urally crcated object is described within a chronostrati­ graphicaly defined environment (SNEIDER et aI., 1987), and should be prepared for the additional explo­ ration or production development. A very important aspect in such geological integra­ tion is a management philosophy. The key to the inte­ gration process is to take a company's rcspective capa- INA-Naflaplin, Laboratory Dept., Lovinciceva I, HR-IOOOO Zagreb, Croatia. PROCEEDINGS bilities, and apply them routinely as the team in a front linc operating mode. Something like solving a puzzle of technological pieces, creating artificial intelligence by forming a synergis tic t organization (SNEIDER, 1991). 2. SYNERGY BETWEEN GEOLOGY, PETROPHYSICS AND ENGINEERING The rocks are basic. The industry's technological advances con tinually provide new measurements and sensors to indirectly image the reservoir. One can lose sight of the simple fact that it is a real rock that is being described. Any st udy should be based on detailed palaconto­ logical and petrographic analyses, sedi mentological descriptions of cored intervals, petrophysical analysis and detailed log analysis of the same cored wells. 3. OBJECTIVES I. Stratigraphic setting 2. Lithofacies/petrofacies/mechanical facies definition 3. Establishing thc internal geometry of the reservoir zonation of reservoir flow units discrimination of pay from non-pay intervals cvaluation of the continuity of different pay zones and of barriers to f low 4. Depositional environment relationships between petrofacies and depositional environment rcscrvoir quality control (diagenesis/depositional environment) subdividing the formation into stratigraphicaly correlative units 5. Recognition of litho/pet ro/mcchanical facies from the weJJ logs· 6. WeI! to well correlation I Synergy is defined as the "action of discreet agencies so that the total effect is grater than the sum of the effects taken independen­ tly". tn the petroleum exploration and production business, synergy means that geologists, geophysicists, petroleum engineers and oth­ ers work together on a project as a team. 336 PETROLOGISTS I SEDIMENTOLOG1STS I PALEONTOLOGISTS DEVELOPMENT GEOLOGIST EXPLORATION I DEVELOPMENT GEOPHYSICIST EXPLORATION GEOLOGIST PETROPHYS1SICTS FACILITIES ENGINEERS RES ULT :::: Production operation optimizat ion - Opti ­ mized fi eld development (drilling less well s in bet­ te r places), optimi zing individual we ll production, pl anning a production fac ility designed specifically 10 the long- term requirements of the ri e ld. The s tudy demons trates Ihe utili sation o f an inte­ grated palaeontological, pe trologica l, sedimentologica l and wi re line log analyses in ident ify ing the contro ls on reservoir quality at the pore level and ex tending this to the int e rwe l! and fie ld wide scal e via a depos itional model and log analysis. An interactive a pproach would have to employ eng inee rs, a geo log is t, and a petro­ physicist to "fine tunc" the model to aClual ri e ld resu lts (Fig. I) 4. T EA M ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY In the previolls chap ter some technica l de tails con­ cerni ng the integrat ion procedure were presented. I-Je re are some comme nts on the sociological aspect of team­ work o rgani zat ion. The fund amen ta l worthwhile probl ems today in finding oi l arc a m ix ture of enginccring-geology-mathe­ matics-gcophysics wit h the variabl e addit ion or fin ance, gas/o il marke ting, drilling costs, eco logy e tc. Conse­ quen tly it requires a large and sometimes very complex organiza tion. No genius wi ll comc a lone to solve such a problem, we have to bu ild a genius by ourse lves. What do we need? A rte r MASTERS ( 199 1) Ihe main poinls are: A. FIND OIL Come together to rind oil not only to make footage. Drill a hole that can be properly evaluated and optimal­ Iyeomp leled . RESERVOtR ENGINEERS PRODUCTION ENGINEERS STRATIGRAPHERS DRILLING ENGINEERS Geologia Cromie:. 49/2 Fig. I Synergislic organ isalion. B. f'REEDOM Freedom to contribute and communicate. C. DISBAND Disband the leam when the problem is sol ved. The team bui lding is a socia l aCl ivity. Wha t arc the building blocks? What is necessary? I. RECOGNITION OF TEAMS (in tegrated brain power of numerous special is ts) 2. COMMITMENT FROM T HE TOP (financial and technological support) 3. PEOPLE (eonsislenlly high-qualily people) 4. TR UST & FRIENDSHIP (tru st from the management and am ongs t them­ selves) 5. CONTRIB UTE (freedom 10 cOlllribule) 6. COMMUNICATE (rreedom to communicate) 7. AC HI EVEMENT Uob sat isfact ion by achievement rather than title) 8. FLEXIBLE ORGANIZA TlON ( fl exible, fluid organ iza ti on; less administ rati on) 9. PARTICIPATION (anyone who doesn ' t participate is out; vita l rule) I ,ll~ic: '!1IC Intcgrati on ofGcoiogic;\i l'ar;l1llclcrs: Procedure. importance. PI~\c ti ci\l V,Liuc 337 5. CONCLUS ION The success ful employment of task rocused team ­ wo rk and techn o logy can provide a company with a competit ive advantage in the oil and gas industry of the future . Comparison of the organization or the traditio­ nal large co mpany divi s ion and the small synergistic co mpany or several foreign cxamples (SNE IDER , 1991; MASTERS, 1991) was amazing. Smal l synergis­ ti c tcam s found about 2 .8 timcs thc reserves at about hall' the cos t, bes idc that the developmcnt cos ts arc of course s igni fi cantly lower for thc small cr group. We have to try together to improve the Hlllnin g of our exp loration -production business and become more competiti ve in the increasi ngly complex techno logica l search 1'01' oi l that we arc in vo lved in. 6. REFERENCES ALJIIL/\LJ, K.A. & SHANMUGAM, G. ( [991 ): Utili ­ ty or mechanical facies for rock classificat ion, char­ ac te ri za tion and correlalioll.- Tn: Proceedings of the 1st Archie Conference, The Integration of Geology, Gcophysics, Pe trophysics and Petrol eum Delin ­ eation , Descrip tion and Managcll1 enl. AAPG , 80- 1m. JOH NS ON, [-1.0. & STEWART, D.J. (1987): Ro[ e 0 [' clastic sedimentology in the explorat ion and produc­ ti on of oil and gas in thc North Sea.- In: BEA ­ MONT, E.A. & FOSTER , N. H. (cds.): Reservoir [, Properties , Treatise o r pCl ro leum Geology, AA PG , Reprint ScI'., 3, 29-44. KR[ Z MAN [C, K. & PREMEC- FUCEK, V. ( 1996): Jusliriability or the biostratigraphy explorations in petroleum geology. - Geol. Croat. , 49/2, 333-334. LUC[C, D & KRIZMANIC, K. (1993): Laboratorij ske tehnike i metod ika primjene rezu ltata tijekom geo­ loskog istrazivanja i razrade podzemlja. - Naftaplin, [4/1, [S - [9, Zagreb. LUCIC, D. ( [995 ) : Sekveneijs ka strat ig ra fija - novi pu tokaz u is trazivanju karbonalni h stijena na prim­ jeru srednjojadranskog podmorja.- Na i't apl in, 15/1, 13-22, Zagreb. MASTERS , J .A. (1991 ): Teamwo rk.- In : Proceedings o f the 1st Arch ie Conference, The Integ ra tion of Geology, Geophysics, Pe trophysics and Petroleum Del ineation, Descripl ion and Management. AAPG, 335-339, Tulsa. PAYTON, C.E . (cd.) ([977): Seismic strati graphy­ app lications to hydroca rbon resea rch. - AA PG , Mem. , 26, 503 p. SERR A, O. (1985 ): Sedime ntary env ironments from wirel ine logs .- Schlumberger, Spec. Issue, 7-2 11. SNEIDER , R.M. , RICHARDSON, F. [ I. , PAYNTER, D.O. , EDDY, R.E. & WYANT, I.A. ( [ 987) : Pre­ dicting rock geometry and continuity in Pennsy lvan­ ian reservoirs, E[k City Fic[d, Ok[ahoma.- In: BEA­ MONT, E.A. & FOSTER , N. [ I. (cds.): Rescrvoir II , Properti es, Treati se of pe troleum Geology, AA PG , Reprint SCI'., 4, 1-62. SNEIDER, R.M. ([991): The economic value 0[' a syn­ e rg istic organization. - Tn: Proceed in gs of th e 1st Arch ie Conference, Th e Integ rati o n or Geo logy, Geophys ics, Petrophys ics and Pe troleum Delin ­ eation, Descri ption and Managemenl. AAPG , 328- 334. VAVRA, c.L., SCI-IEINING, M.H. & KLE[N , J.D. ( 1991): Reservoir geology of the T ay lor Sandstone in the Oak Hill F ield , Rusk Count y, Texas: integra­ tion o[ petrology, sedim entol ogy and log anal ys is for dc lincl:lt ion of reservo ir quali ty in a light gas sl:lnd. - In: Proceedings o f the I s t Archie Con ference, The Tnteg ration of Geology, Geophysics, Petro­ physics and Petroleum Del ineat ion , Description and Management. 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