GEOL. C ROAT. 49/1 81 - 115 4 Figs. 5 Pis. ZAGREB 1996 The Conodonts Hindeodus, Isarcicella and Sweetohindeodus in the UppemlOst Permian and Lowermost Triassic Heinz KOZUR Key words: Conodonts, Hindeodus, Isarcicella . S'l-veel ­ ohilldeodu5, P{ f boundmy. Abstract lIilldcodus REXROAD & FURN ISH , 1964 and Isarcice lfa KOZU R, 1975 belong to the strati graphically most important fossi ls nClIsis (TEICHERT, KUMMEL & SWEET) - METCALFE, PI. 2, Fig. 10 1995 !-lil/deodils la/idel//a/lls (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RAHIMI-Y AZD), pars - METCALf'E, PI. 2, Fig. 8 Diagnosis: The Pa clemcnt is small and arched. 11 has commonly a large cusp and six to seven, rarely Geologia Croatica 49/1 more, large, high ly fused denticl es with strongly diverging inclination. One or two, rarely three or four small dent icles may be present on the anterior edgc of the cusp, forming a reduced anterior blade. The denti­ cles are largest in the mid-length of the blade or some­ what behind it. This size distr ibUlion together with the strongly diverging inclination of the denticles results in an distinctly arched upper profil e of the Pa element. The cup is large, but not thickened. The M clement dis­ plays a distinct, denticulated posterior bar, very differ­ ent from all other HilJdeodus spccies. The other rami­ form elements are not yet exactly assignable to I-/, post­ parVlIS, but except the Sc element they may be all com­ parable to those of I-I. parVlfS. Occurrence: Upper Oplliccras ribericlll11 ammonoid Zone of the lowermost Triassic. The species first occurs in the I. isarcica Zone, but its main occurrence lies above this zone. Remarks: METCALFE (1995) assigned a Pa cle­ ment of II. posrparvlfs to the characteristic Changxin­ gian guide form /-I. jll/j"el/sis (SWEET). A part or H. lalidclllaflls sensu METCALFE (1995) belongs also to H. poslparvus (op.cit., PI. 2, Fig. 8). Other specimens of I-I. la/iden/a/lls sensu METCALFE (1995) belong to !-I. parvl/s (op.cit., PI. 2, Fig. 7) or !-I. cf. fypicalis (op.cit., PI. 2, Figs. 6, 9). The latter forms are, as H. parvus, typ­ ical conodonts of the lowe rmost Triassic. Formerly, they were assigned mostly (0 H. typicalis. but arc dis­ tinguished from this species by the smaller Pa clement and irregular denticies of the blade that are often wider separated. The CLISP is slender and moderately long. By their slender cusp and irregular denticlcs they arc also distinguished from !-I. latidcllfatus praeparVl/s. These forms will bc dcseribed as independent taxa in a sepa­ rate paper because their appa ratu ses arc not yet well known. As the figured specimens of the Changxingi an Clarkina cilangxingensis (WANG & WANG) by MET­ cALFE (1995) belong a ll to the Triassic Clarkina cal1- /lata (CLARK) sensu stricto and closely relatcd forms, the entire fauna is typical for the I. isarcica Zone and the following H. posfparvus fauna (or zone) and not a mixed fauna of Griesbachian age with reworked Permi- · an elements as assumed by METCALf'E (1995). H. postparVlfs KOZUR evolved from H. parl'lfS par "".1 (KOZUR & PJATAKOVA) (~f-I. par,,"s, mor­ photype 2) by separation of the posterior dentieles of the Pa clement in size and inclination from the erect anterior denticies. Moreover, in fl. I}(IITIIS parvlIs only lhe upper profile of the postcrior third of the blade is arched, the upper profile of lhe anterior portion of the blade bcing horizontal or inclined slightly in the poste­ rior direction. An otiler difference is the devclopment of a denliculaled poslerior bar in the M clement. Most of the ramiform elements of H. pOSlpaJ"l'1I5; cannot be correctly assigned to this species because H. postparvl/s always occurs together with other lIindeo­ dl/s species. Only the M element with a denticulated Korur: '1l1C Conodonts 1/illd('odIIS. fsarcicc/fa ;lnd SI1'(!('lOfrilldeodlls ... posterior bar can be easily recognizcd because this fea­ ture is missing in all other Hindeadus species. Only very advanced small Pa elements of H. parvus from the H. postparvus Zone may have an apparatus, in which the M clement has a dent iculated posterior bar. As the development of a posterior bar in the M clement is an unique and easi ly recognizable feature of the Hindeo­ dus apparatus, there may be also other explanations for the occurrence of this feature in very advanced H. parVl/S apparatuses. Either the intraspecific variabiliy of the Pa element of H. postparVlfs is high, and parts of the Pa clements cannot be distinguished from those of H. parvl/.\" or thc development of a posterior bar in the M clement begins earlier then the changes of the Pa cle­ ment and apparatuses with H. parvus Pa element and ' -I. pOSfparv/lS M element represent transitional forms between both species . In one samp le from Transcaucasia that yielded only H. posrparvIls and H. parvlfs al/faodel1tallls, typica l but broken ramifonn e lement s of Hindeodus occur. Only the Sc element is rather well preserved and corre­ sponds to the Sc element figured by MATSUDA (1981, Pl. 3, rig. 10). It disp lays an inward curved, short and high an terior bar with one very big terminal denticle. The c usp is moderately large, but not larger than the den ticle on the ante ri or bar. The posterior bar displays three to four denticles behind the cusp and three large denticles in the posterior part. This Sc e lement is more advanced than that of H. parvus, but it may belong both to H. parVlfS (flllerodentatus or to H. posfparvlIs. Hilldeodus sosioensis I1.Sp. (Pl. IV, Figs. 2-4) Derivation of name: According to its occurrcnce in the Sosio Valley, western Sicily. Holotype: Thc specimen on PI. IV , Fig. 2; rep. -no. 4- 12-94/V1-14. Locus typicus: 350 m south of Pi etra dei Saracini, 50 m east of the road. Stratum typicum: Floated block of turbiditic grad­ ed calcarenite, earliest Triassic. Material: 6 specimcns. Diagnosis: The Pa clemen t has a short , but distinct anterior bar and large denticles on the posterior bar, one of them being as large as the prominent cusp. The Sb c lemen t is short and high, but between the cusp and the inward curved part of the anterio r bar a short, denticu­ lated, horizontal part of the anterior bar is present. Description: The Pa element is distinctly arched. It has a short anterior bar that bears two small , erect denti­ cles. The cusp is large, nearly erect to inclined slightly backwards. The posterior bar bears around seven large denticlcs that are inclined slightly backwards. The incli­ nation docs not increase significantly towards the poste­ rior end . The size of the denticles is variable, the sec­ ond one is as long and broad as the cusp. The cup is moderately wide, not thickened. 99 The Pb e lement is short and relatively high. Its ante­ rior bar bears three denticles, two of them arc rather large. The cusp is large and inclined backwards. The posterior bar bears seven moderately inclined denticles of different size, the largest occurring in the posterior half of the bar. The lower side of the bar is sl ightly inverted, but an elongated basal cavity and a narrow basal furrow are present. The Sb element is short and high. The antcrior bar is strongly inward-curved, but its po sterior part is hori­ zon tal and bears four small denticles. The inward curved part bears seven denticlcs; one or two denticles at its anterior cnd are very large. The posterior bar has seven denticles of different size, but behind the cusp they are smaller and at the posterior end one or two large denticles are present. The lower side of the bar is strongly inverted. Occurrence: Lowermost Triassic of Sicily. /-lindea­ dus sosioclIsis n.sp. has been deri ved from a floated block of graded calcarenites, with H. cf. rypicalis (PI. IV , Fig. I) and Ellisollia trollsito KOZUR & MOST­ LER. Changxingian C/arkiJ/a species are missing. In the exposcd part, all Scythian calcarenites with Hindeo­ dlls belong to the Isarcicella isarcica Zone. H. cf. typi­ calis occurs from the H. parvus Zone to the 1-1. pOSI­ parvlfs fauna (or zone) immediately above the I. isarci­ ea Zone. Remarks: The Pa element is only similar to that of f-Iilldeodlis postparVlis (KOZUR , 1990) which also has an arched Pa element with a largc cusp and large denti­ eles on the blade. However, in H. posrparvus the incli­ nation of the denticles is more divergent and no denticle behind the cusp is as long as the cusp. Sample KS 2 contains all the ramiform clements of Hindcadus , except the Sa element that is always rare in Hilldeodlls. However, only the Sb element and the Pb element are different from those in Hindeodus cf. typi­ calis, the second Hindeodlls species that is represented by Pa c lements in this sample. For this reason, the Sc and M element of ' -/. sosioensis arc either identical with those of H. cr. typicalis or not present in sample PK 2. Sb and Pb elements disp lay some features of H. typi­ calis (SWEET , 1973) and some feat ures of H. pm· VIIS (KOZUR & PJATAKOVA , 1976), but are different from those elemcnts in both species. The Sb element is as high and short as in H. parvlfs. However, the posteri­ or part of the anterior bar is not inward-curved, hori­ zontal and bears up to four small denticles as in I-I. typi­ calis. The Pb element of H. fypicalis is longer, above all, the anterior bar is considerably longer, but lower relative to its length. In H. parv[{s, the anterior bar of the Pb e lement is shorter (only one denticl e) and the ent ire unit is higher. Genus lsarcicella KOZUR, 1975 Type species: Spathognathodus isareiells HUCK­ RIEDE, 1958 100 Occurrence: Uppermost Changxingian and lower two zones of the Triassic, but common only in the Isar­ cicella isarcica Zone. Remarks: Sec al I-lindeodlls REXROAD & cUR­ NISI-I, 1964. Isarcicella isarcica (HUCKRIEDE) (PI. Y, Figs. 6, 9) 1958 ,S'pathop,lIafhodus isarciclis n.sp. - HUCK­ RIEDE, p. 162, PI. 10, Figs. 6,7 1975 Isarcicello isarcicIIs (HUCKRIEDE) - KOZUR, p. 12 198J Isarcicella isw'cica (I-JUCKRIEDE) - MATSU­ DA, p. 93-94, textfig. 5, PI. 5, Figs. 4-7 1981 Isarcicello 'lSI'. - MATSUDA, p. 94-95, PI. 5, Fig.8 1989 Isarcicello staeschei DAI & ZHANG (sp.nov.) - DAI & ZHANG, p. 430-431, PI. 45, Figs. 16, 17; PI. 46, Figs. 4 -7,11 -13 ,18,19; PI. 53, Figs. 13, 14 1989 Isarcicella triallglliara DA1 & ZHANG (sp.nov.) - DAI & ZHANG, p. 431, PI. 46, Figs. 8-10, 2J Occurrence: Very rare in the upper H. parVlfS Zone (only I. isarcica staeschei DA1 & ZHANG). Common in the I. isarcica Zone. North America and Tethys, including the peri-Gondwana Tethys margin. Until now unobserved in Greenland. Remarks: Isarcicella isarcica evolved from I.? turgido (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RAHIMI- Y AZD, 1975) through I. isarcica sfaeschei OAf & ZHANG, 1989 as transitional forms. The most primitive repre­ selllatives of Isarcicella S.str. display only one denticle attached to a side of the thickened blade or the blade is bifurcated. Such forms very rarely occur in the H. parvlIs Zone of the Southern Alps (one specimen reporled by PERRI, 1991) and of Kashmir (one speci­ mcn from the If. paJ'\'us Zone of the upper Otoceras woodwardi Zone, reported by MATSUDA, 1981 as Isarcicella? sp.). As these form s arc ex trcmely rare (only one specimen of each type is known so far), it cannot bc determined whether they arc independen t taxa, subspecics of I. isarcica or pathological forms of I.? rurgida. Forms with onc or two denticles on one side of the cup dominate throughout the I. ism'cica Zone, but forms wit h denticlcs or a short secondary blade on both sides of the cup also occur there. The holotype of I. isarcica belongs to these latter forms. DAI & ZHANG (1989) separated specimens with denticles only on one side as a diffcrent spec ies. Unfortunately, they have chosen a form with two dentieles on one sidc of the cup as holotype. Such forms occur exclusively in thc I. isar­ cico Zone, as do forms with dent ides on both sides of the cup. Only specimens with one denticle on one side of the cup havc a different range. 1t is probably that only these forms represent a different taxon and the GcologLl Croalica 49/1 separation proposed by DAI & ZH ANG (1989) is an arbitrary one. However, it is possible to usc!. sfaeschei as an indcpendent subspecies!. isarcica staeschei DA1 & ZHANG (PI. Y, Fig. 6). Isarcicella triangularis DAI & ZHANG, 1989, wilh triangular platform, is only a morphotype of I. fsarcico with th e same range as the other morphotypes . 1L is regarded as junior synonym of I. isarcica. Isarcicella? turgida (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RAHIMI-Y AZD, 1975) (PI. Y, Figs. 7, 8) 1975 Ancilignarliodlls turgidlls n.sp. - KOZUR , MOSTLER & R AI-lIMI-YI\ ZD, p. 5-6, PI. 7, Figs. II , 12 1989 Anchignathodus decrescens DAI & ZHANG (sp.nov.) - DAI & ZHANG, p. 428, PI. 39, Figs. 11-13 1993 Isarcicella tllrgida (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RAJ-lIMI- YAZD) - GULLO & KOZUR, Figs. 2/7-9 71995 Hindcodlls latidentatlls (KOZUR , MOSTLER & RAHIMI-YAZD) - ZHANG el aI., PI. 2, Fig. 12 1995 Hilldeodus pm' vas - Isarcicella Transition 7 - METCALFE, PI. I, Figs. 12, 13 1996 Hindcodus {JorvlIs, pars - MEl, p. 146 Occurrence: Lowermost Triassic H. parvlfs and I. isarcica zones. I. c1'. turg ida occurs in the uppermost Changxingian. Remarks: As shown 011 PI. V, Fig. 7, the inner part of the cup in 1.7 rurgida is thickcncd to form a platfoml, as in Isarcicella isarcica. This is the main difference to H. parVl/S, but addi tionally 1.7 {urgido is larger, dis­ plays more denticlcs, and primitivc forms from the uppermost Changxingian (1.7 c1'. turgida, probably a separate taxon) display a low blade. Unlike I. isarcica, the platform of I.? turgida does not bear a denticle or a secondary blade on one or both sides. TToweve r, as these forms already exhibi t one of the Isarcicella fea­ tures, they have been assigned to Isal'cicclla by GUL­ LO & KOZUR (1993). I. ? tllrgida was regarded until now as a transitional form between H. parVlf.'; and!. isarcica. However, 1.7 cr. furgida (distinguished by its low bladc from typical 1.7 tllrgida) which is the immediate ancestor of typi cal I.? fllrgida, first occurs in the uppermost Changxingian, bcforc the first appearance of H. parvl/s. The specimen figured by ZHANG el al. (1995, PI. 2, Fig. 12, re-fig­ ured by YJN & ZHANG, 1996, PI. U.8, Fig. 11 , and by ZHANG el aI. , 1996, Fig. 5.3) as I-I. lotidentolIls from Bed 25 of Meishan, perhaps belongs to i.? c1'. tlfrgida but no upper view was figured , and therefore it cannot be decided whether the cup is thickened. If the cup is not thickened , this specimen would be either a f-l. lati­ denafus praeparvlIS with unusual large cusp (i n this case the original determination would be correct) or KOlllr: 'Ille Conodollls ffilldn)(llls, IS(lrciall(l and SlI'l'cloililUlcl.J{llls ... ralher a new species. The ve lY large, broad CliSp and the low blade of this speci men are c harac terist ic for I. c f. f/lrgida, but also for somc specimens of II, /a/idelIfatus praepan'l/s. MEl (1996) assigned this specime n 10 H . (Jor\'lIs because of its very big ClISP, but /-I. parvlIs dis­ plays a hi gh blade and not such a broad cusp as in this specimen. II. porvlfs and 1.7 f/lrgida first appear in the Meishan sec tion in Beds 27 c. A deri vation o r I .? fIIrgi­ da from I-I . parvus can be the refore excl uded, the more as /-I. posfparv//s evolved from H. parvllS. ORCHARD ( 1996) assig ned H. latidentGllls sensu Z II ANG et a l. (1995, PI. 2, Fig. 12) to Isarcicella arr. parva, but in a wr iltc n communicat ion he s tated that thi s specimen be longs neithe r to H. latidellla/lls nor to "/. " parva. Allchigllathodlls deerescells DAI & ZHANG, 1989 is a junior synonym of 1. 7 flfrgida (KOZUR, MOST­ LER & RAHIM I· YAZD, 1975). Also this spec ics is characteri zed by a thickened in ne r part of the cup and by a prominen t cusp that is more than twice as long as the following dent iclcs. The f igured specime ns arc somewhat smaller and have fewer denticles than adult 1.7 flfrgida. They arc seemi ngly juveni le specimens. Isarcicella iSQI'cica (H UCKRIEDE, 1958) displays denticles on the cup. Most primitive representat ives of I. isarcica sraesciIei DAI & Z HANG ( 1989) bear only o ll e de nti c le 011 one s ide of' the cup. They arc transiti ­ onal forms bctween /. ? filrgida and I . isardca. Isardcelfa? prisca KOZUR, 1995a from the upper­ most C hangx ingian displays a dent icu lation of the blade as in /-I . (aridelJfOfliS morphotype 2. The c usp is distinc t­ ly sm alter than in I, ? /urgida. Isarcicella? prism KOZUR, 1995a (PI. I V, rig. 9) 1991 Nil/deodl/s typicali" (S WEET), pars· PERRI, p. 40,42, PI. 3, Figs. I , 3, 4 1995a Isarcicella? prisca n.sp.· KOZUR. p. 168, PI. 6, figs. 3,4 Description: Th e Pa c le me nt is ra the r sm all and bears s ix \0 nine s li ghtl y backward inclined dent icles that arc largest in the posteri or half of the blade. The cusp is considerably broader and somewhat to distinctly larger than the fo llowing denticIcs, The inne r part of the c up is d is tinctly thickened, but the outer, un thic ke ned part is ra ther broad. Occurrence: Upper C hangxingian Tesero Oolite of Southe rn Alps. Uppennost Dorashami an of Transca u­ cas ia (onl y broken specimens) and uppe rmost Chan g­ xingian of South China. Remarks : The dentie ulation of the blade and the s ize of the c usp corresponds to Hindeodus lalidelltatlfs (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RA HT MI·YAZ D, 1975). I.? prisca n, sp. is d istinguished from II. latidellfallfS by the dist inc t thickenin g of the inner pan of the cup, typical for all I sarc icella spec ies, bu t the unthi ekencd part of the CLIp is s tili rather broad. Isarcicella? tllrgida (KOZUR , MOST LER & RA· 101 HIM!· Y AZD, 1975) from th e lowerm ost Triass ic dis· plays a more prominent c usp thaI is 1110re than twice as long as the rollowing de nt ic les. T he thickened part of its CLIp is wider than in I.? prisca, the most primiti ve Isarcicella species . Genus Sweelohilldeodus n.gen . Type species: SweelOhilldeodlls bidemall/s n. gen. n.sp. Derivation of name: In honour of Prof. w.e. SWEET, Columbus, [or his outstanding contribution to Upper Pe rm ian-Lowe r Triass ic H indcodus taxonomy and in gratitude fo r his help with my conodont studies, Diagnosis: The cup is large, circular to subcircular. The blade is very short, son1ew hat thickened on the cup, with a large, erect cusp that is [oIIowed by one or two large separated de nt icles. Occurrence: Isarcicella isarcica Zone (Lowe r Scythian) of wes tern Sicily. Assigned species: Swcetohil1deodlls bie/clllalltS n.gel1. n.sp. Sweetohilldeodlls IridcJlfClfIlS n.sp. Remarks: O nly the Pa e lement of Sweetohindeod/./s is known. The short blade wi th two or three large sepa­ rated den ticIes (i ncluding the c usp) clearly dis tinguish­ es the Pa clcmen t of Sweelohilldeodlls from that of its ances tor, Hilldeodlls REXROAD & FURN IS H, 1964. Sweeloltilldeodus bidelltallis n.sp. (PI. V, r igs. 3, 4) Derivation of name: Accord ing to the presence or only two large dcnticles. Hololypc: The specimen figured on PI. V. Fig. 4; rep. · no. Ko 12·1 1·9 I/1X·2. LOCHS typiclIs: Lowe r Triassic section 350 m sOllth of Pietra dei Saracin i, Sosio Valley, wes tern Sicily (see Fig. 4). Stratum t ypicum: Sam ple Ko 12 A, uppermost 5 Cm of a g raded calcarenite of the 2 m thick lower calei­ turbidites above the lowerm ost T riassic shales. Isarci~ cella isarcica Zone of Lower Scythian. Material: 7 specimens. Diagnos is: T he very s hort bl ade bears two de illi ­ d es, a slender, large ellsp and a ve ry broad dent icle, far broader than and as long as the cusp. Description: The cup is large, subeircular and at it s lower s ide is deeply excavated. The very short b lade bears only two e rec t denticles. One of the m, the CllSp, is long and s le nder; it is s itua ted o n the free part of the blade. The o ther one is very broad, laterall y compressed and subeonieal. In the direc tion of the blade, the base of th is denticle is only a li ttle shorter than the c up. Both dent icles may be finely striated. 102 o 60 km ~ a.' • 1Y b • "0 2( " ~" ,~ 0 500 m <5'", "0 N t PALAZZO ADRIANO "'1> .,~ '0 c :-. ++ + Fig . 4 Location of Ihe investigated outcrops in western Sicily , [Ial y. Legend: Blac k) Predominant ly Wordian Sasio Limes tone klippes (s lope facies with fu sulin id -bearing shall ow-w at er limestone bloc ks): a) Ru pc d i San Caloge ro and Pi cu'a dei Sarac ini , three adjacent isolated lirncslOnc blocks, no longer accessi bl e; b) Rupc del PassO cnnian. Guadalupian Series) 10 Jul ian (midd le Carn ian) i nterval; 2) outcrops C;t 100 ill SSW of Rupc del Passo el i Bur­ g io. Main ly lowcr Cathedral ian (C is- Umlian, Early Permi • .ul) tur­ bidites wcll cx posed west of a small road , a long the road lower Cathc(\r:llian tu rbidi tes (partly exposed) and tectonicall y adjacent Cha ngx ingian red marls and thi ck calcaren ites, no longer ex posed, but small floated blocks of calcarenit es still present. Crosses) T orrcnt e San Calogero sec tion, Permian deep bas in facies and parts of the Triassic cover. Occurrence: I. isarcica Zone of the type locality. l~emarks: Sweeloh illdeodlfs fridel/laws n. sp. has two dCllt ic lcs on the blade behind the cusp that are d is­ tinc tly shorte r then the CliSp. Sweelohimleodlls Iridenlatlls n.sp. (PI. V , Fig. 5) Derivation of name: Accord ing to the presence of th ree dentie les (includ ing the cusp). Holotypc: The specim en fi gured on PI. V, Fig. 5; rep.- no. Ko 12 11 9 1/IX- 1. Loclls typicus: Lower Triassic section 350 m south o f Pietnl dei Saracini , Sosio Valley, western Sici ly. Stratum typicum: Sample Ko J 2 C, lower mic ro­ cong lomcratic calcarenite of the upper bed of the 2 III Geologia CrQ:l1ica 49/1 thi ck calciturbidites above the lowe rmost Triass ic shales. lsarcicella isarcica Zone of Lower Scyth ian. Material: 2 specimens. Diagnosis: The cup is c irc ul ar. The blade is vcry shon and bears a large e reCl cusp and two di s tinc tl y shorter, but also large , separat ed dentic les. Description: The cup is large, circular and its lower side is deeply excavated. The short blade bea rs on its free anterior part a large, c rcct, slende r c usp. On the cup, the blade bears two large, separated denticles that are distinct ly shorter than the cusp. The poste rior one is s lightly inc lined backward. Its base is as broad as the base orthe cusp. All dcnticles are slightly stria ted . Occurrence: I. isarcica Zone o f the ty pe loca lity and o f Soulh China. Remarks: This species is a transit ional form to Hill­ deodlls, in which the blade is longer and bears even in ju venile forms at least four dcnt ic les. The Clip o f fl il/ ­ deodus is lanceolatc or oval. 5\veelOllilldeodI/s bidema­ IllS n.sp. has only one very large denti c le on the blade above the cup that is as long as the CliSp. Acknowledgement The investigations for this paper were sponsored by the Deutsche Forsehungsgcmeinschafl. I am very gra te­ ful for this important he lp . I waflTtly th an k Prof. w.e. SWEET, Columbus , and hi s wife, for the hosp italit y and Ihe opportunity to study the conodont mate ria l from Greenland, Kashmir and Julfa. Pro f. B.F. GL EN ISTER, Iowa C ity, read the man usc ript c ri tica ll y; I am vcry grate ful for this he lp. S. REFERENC ES DAI , J. & ZHANG , J. (1989): Conodonts.- In: Siudy on the Pe rmian -Triass ic biostrati graphy and even t strati graphy of nonhern Si chu an and so uth e rn Shaanxi. Geol. Mem., 2/9, 428-435, Be ijing. ELLISON, S. ( 194 1) : Rev is io n of the Penn sy lva nian conodonts.- 1. Paleonl. , 15, 107- 143. GULLO, M. & KOZUR, 1-1. ( 1993): Firs t evidence of Scythian conodonts in S icily.- N. Jb. Geo!. Paniont. Mh., 1993/8,477-488. HUCKRIEDE, R. (1958): Die Conodonlen de l' meditcr­ ranen Trias und ihr s tratigraphischer Wert. - Palaont. 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(1995) : Conodont sequence and its global correlation of Permian-Triass ic boundary in Mcishan scction, Changxing, Zheijiang provincc. - Earth Science, J. China Univ. Gcosci., 20/6, 669-676, Wuhan. ZHAO, J. -K., LIANG, X.-L. , & ZHENG, Z. ( 1978) : Late Permian cephalopods of South China.­ Palacon!. Sinica, N.S., B 154, 194 p. ZHAO, J. -K., SHENG, J. -Z., Y AO, Z. -Q., LIANG, X.­ L., CHEN, C.-Z., RUl, L. & LlAO, Z. -T. (1981): Latc Changxingian and Permian-Triassic boundary in South China.- Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geo l. Palaeont., Acad. Sinica, 2, ! - I 12, Nanjing. Manuscript received February 12, ! 996. Revised manuscript acceptcd May 27, 1996. lOG Geologia Croalica 49/1 PLATE I 1-3, 5, 6 Hindeodlls Iypicalis (SWEET), Pa clement, x I 00, Araxilevis Beds (lowennost Dzhulfian = middle Wuehi ­ apingian), Clarkino /eveni Zone, Achura (Azcrbaidzhan); for sample locations see KOZUR el a1. (1978, Fig. 1); Figs. 1, 3: sample 10/4, rep. -no. PK 1-5; Fig. 2: sample 10/3, rep. -no. PK 1-8; Figs. 5, 6: sample 10/2-2, rep.-no. PK 1- 15. 4 I-Jilldeodlls Iypicalis (SWEET), Pa element, xlOO , sample AC 6 (sec KOZUR et aI., 1975), lower Dzhulfi ­ an (middle Wuchiapingian) , Kuh-e-Ali Bashi at Julra, northwest Iran, rep. -no. Ko 5740. 7 Hindeodlls Iypicalis (SWEET), Sb element, x95, sample 10/3 , Araxilevis Beds (lowermost Dzhulfian = middle Wuchiapingian) , Clarkina fe ven i Zone, Achura (Azcrbaidzhan), rcp.-no. PK 1-5. 8 Hindeodlls lypicalis (SWEET), M element, x95, sample 10/3, Araxilevis Beds (lowermost Dzhulfian = middle Wuchiapingian), ClarkinG leveni Zone, Achura (Azerbaidzhan), rcp.-no. PK 1-8. 9 Hindcodus Jllllel/sis (SWEET), Pa clement, advanced form with only 4 free denticles between the cusp and the smooth hump, x210, samp le AR 35 (see KOZUR et aI., 1975) , lower Dorashamian (lower Changxingian), Kuh-c-Ali Bashi, northwest Iran, rep.-no. KMR 19751-1. 10 /-lilldeodus laridentatus praeparvlIs n.subsp., Pa clement, specimen very similar to the H. lotidentatlls loti­ delllalllS (KOZUR , MOSTER & RAHIMI-YAZD) , transitional form to this subspecies, x150, Tesero Oolite, 2 III above the Bellerophon Limestone, horizon with Changxingian brachiopods, upper Changxin­ gian, Tesero (Southern Alps, Ita ly), rep-no. Ko 8992. 11 /-/indeodllS {atidentallls praeparllvus n.subsp., Sb element, x160, Tesero Oolite , 2 m above the BeUerophon Limestone, horizon with Changxingian brachiopods, upper Changxingian, Tesero (Southern Alps, Italy), rep. -no. Ko 9208. Kozur PLATE ! 107 108 Geologia Croatica 49/1 PLATE Il 1-3 Hine/eodus fatidenlalus praeparvLfS n.subsp. , Pa eleme nt , Tesero Oolite, upper Changxingian , Tesero (Sollthern Alps , Italy); Fig. 1: x200, 2 m above the BeUerophon Limestone, hori zon with Changx ingian brachiopods, rep. -no. Ko 899 1; Fi g. 2: holotype, x 180, 1.5 m above the Bellerophon Limestone, rep.-no. Ko 9003; Fig. 3: x200, 1.9 m above the Bellerophon Limestone, rep.-no Ko 8986. 4 I-l indeodus laridentatus praeparvus n.subsp. , Pa clement, x220, Tesero Oolite, upper Changxi ngian, 0.3 In above the Bellerophon Limestone, Sass de Putia section (Southern Alps, italy) , rep.-no. Ko 8992 A. 5 Hilldeodlls parvlIs (KOZUR & PJATAKOV A), Pa element, slightly oblique later-lower view, primitive form, x 160, upper Boundary Bcd 2, Meishan section , re-figured from ZHANG (1987). 6 '-linc/eac/us parvus ereetus n.subsp., Pa element , ho[otype, the same specimen as in WANG ( 1994, PI. 1, Fig. I); x120, Zhongxin Dadui quarry of Meishan secti on, sample 882-4, upper part of Boundary Bed 2 ( 12- 16 em above it s base), H. parvlIs Zone of lowermost Triassic, rep.-no. 123254. 7 HilldeodLls parl'l/s parI' liS (KOZUR & PJATAKOVA), Pa element, x95 , sample 10/1 3 a-2 (see KOZUR et ai. , 1978), I. isarcica Zone, Achura (Azerbaidzhan), rep. -no. PK 1-7. 8 Hille/eac/us parvus ereclLIs n.subsp. , Pa clement , x95, sample 1O/l3a- l be low the lower stromatolite hori ­ zon, I-I. parVl/S Zone, Achura (Azcrbaidhan), rep.-no PK 1-4. 9, 10 I-lindeodlls pos/parvlIs KOZUR, Pa element , x95 , sample 10/1 3 a-2 (sec KOZUR et ai. , 1978), I. isarcica Zone, Aehura (Azerbaidzhan), rcp. -no. PK 1-7. Kozur PLATE II 109 110 Geologia Croalica 49/1 PLATE III 1 ~3, 5- 10 Hindeodus parvlIs erectlls n.subsp. from a monospecific fauna of predominantly juvenile specimens, sample Ko 14 (thin laminated limestone intercalation in 2 m thick yellowish-brown weathered, laminat­ ed, origi nally pyritic claystone at the base of the Triassic), H. parvlls Zone. Section east of the road, 350 m south of P ie tra dei Saracini , Sos io Valley, western Sicily (Italy) , rep. -no. Ko 1994/1- 1 (if not other­ wise indicated); Figs. 1-3 : Pa element of jll ven ile specimens , Fig. I : x230, Fig. 2: x200, Fig. 3 : x200, rep.-no. 16-8-95/l-18; Fig. 5: M element , x 170; Fig. 6: Sb element, CllSP and anteriormost denticle of the posterior bar on the strongly inward bent pan of the unit , x140; Fig. 7: Pb element. x2 10; Fig. 8: Sc e le­ ment, x130; Fig. 9: Pa element o f adult specimen, x200, rep.-no. 16-8-95/l- IO, a) lateral view, b) lIpper view; Fig. 10: Sb element, cusp on the strongly inward bent part of the unit , x200, rep.-no. 16-8-95/1-17. 4 Hine/eoc/us parvLls erectll s n.subsp., Sa e lement, x200, sample Ko 12 a, uppermost part of graded cal­ carenites of Unit 2 (sensll GULLO & KOZUR , 1993) , I. isarcica Zone, Lower Triassic section 350 m sOll th of Pietra dei Saracini (Sosio Valley, Sicily), rep.-no. KoMo 14-4-94/V -34. 11 Hindeodlls cf. parvus ereclUS n.subsp. , Pa element, specimen with unu sually broad, di stally rounded den tic les, x200, sample KS 3 (floated block) , lowennost Triassic graded calcarenite, east o f the road 350 m sOll th of Pietra dei Saracini , Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), rep.-no. K 1994/1-2, a) lateral view, b) lIpper view. Kozur PLATE III III 112 Geologia Croatica 49/1 PLATE IV H il/deadlls cL lypicalis (S WEET), Pa element, slender cusp and a part of the denticles are broken and regenerated, therefore their original length may be larger, x95, sample KS 3 (floated block), lowermost Triassic graded calcarenite, east orthe road 350 In south of Pietra dei Saracini, Sosio Valley, western Sici­ ly (Italy), rep.-no. 4-12-94/Y1-19. 2-4 Hilldeodlls sosioensis n.sp., xIOO, sample KS 3 (see Fig. 1); Fig. 2: Pa element, holotype, rep. -no. 4-12- 94/YI-14; Fig. 3: Pb element, rcp.-no. 4- 12-94/YI- 17; Fig. 4: Sb element, rep.-no. 4-12-94/Y l-IS. 5 Hindeodus parvl/s onterodelltafus (DAr, TIAN & ZHANG), Pa element, primitive specimen, transitional to H. parv/./s erecflfs, xlSO, sample Ko 12 a, uppermost pari of graded calcarenites of Unit 2 (sensu GUL­ LO & KOZUR, 1993), I. isarcica Zone, Lower Triassic section 350 m south of Pietra dci Saracini (Sosio Valley, Sicily), rep.-no. KoMo 12-11-91/V -2. 6 Hilldeodlls parvlIs cree/lis n.subsp., Pa element, specimen with very high blade to demonstrate the large intraspecific variability, xISO, sample KS 4 (floated block), lowermost Triassic graded calcarenite, cast of the road 350 m south ofPietra dei Saracini, Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), rep.-no. 4-12-94/VI-22. 7 Hilldcodus parvus erectus n.subsp., Pa element with distally rounded denticles, x200, sample KS 3 (see Fig. I), rep.-no. Ko 1994/1-3, a) lateral view, b) upper view, cup not thickened . 8 Isareieella? tllrgida (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RAHIM 1-YAZD), Pa element, primitive form, thickened and ullthickened part of the cup nearly of the same width, x200, sample KS 3 (see Fig. 1), rep.-no. Ko 1994/1-4, a) lateral view, b) upper view, thickened inner part or the cup well recognizable. 9 Isarcicella? prisco n.sp., Pa element, holotype, re-figured from PERRI (1991, PI. 3, fig. 1), x9S, sample Bu 10, lower Tesero Oolite, upper Changxingian, Bulla section, SW of Ortisei (Southern Alps, Italy), locality and sample data see PERRI, 1991, rep. -no. Ie 1444, a) lower view, b) upper view, c) lateral view. Kozur PLATE IV 113 "' Geologia Croatica 49/1 PLATE V 1 Hindeodus cliangxingcnsis WANG, Pa element, x 80, sample 882-1, lower 4 em of Bcd 27 (Boundary Bed 2), uppermost Changx ingian, Zhongxin Dadui quarry of Meishan section , South China (see Figs. 1, 2), rep.·no. AEL·882· 1/l23246. 2 Hilldeodlls cilangxillgellsis WANG, Pa elemenl, specimen figured by WANG (1994, PI. I, Fig. 11) and WANG (1995 b, PI. 3, Fig. I ) as Hindeodlls jlli/ellsis (SWEET), x82, sample 882·3, al 8· 12 em above the base of Bcd 27 (Boundary Bed 2), lowermosl Triassic, lower H. parvlIs Zone, Zhongxin Dadui quarry of Meishan seelion, Soulh China (sec Figs. 1,2), rep. · no. AEL·882·3/l23247. 3 Sweetohindeodus bidenfatus n.gen. n.sp. , Pa element, lateral view, x280, sample Ko 12 a, uppermost part of graded calcarenites of Uni t 2 (sensu GULLO & KOZUR, 1993), I . isarcica Zone, Lower Triassic sec­ tion 350 m soulh ofPietra dei Saracini (Sosio Valley, Sicily), rep.·no. 121191/IX·3 . 4 Swectohindeodus bielentallis n.gen. n.sp., Pa element, ho[otype, sample Ko 12 a (see fig. 3) , rep. -no. 12- 11 ·91/IX·2, a) upper view, x260, b) lateral view, x170. 5 Sweetohifldeodlls Iridenlallis n.sp. , Pa element, holotype, sample Ko 12 c, upper beel of the graded lime­ slone (Unit 2 by GULLO & KOZUR, 1993), I . ism'cica Zone, localily as for fig. 3, rep. · no. 12·11 ·91/IX· I, a) upper view, x200, b) lateral view, xISO. 6 !soreicella ism"ciea staeschei (DAr & ZHANG), xlSO, sample 21.4, 1. isarcica Zone, Dorasham II (for sample data see KOZUR el aI., 1978), rep. ·no. Ko 1465, a) lateral view, b) oblique lateral view 10 show the transition of the thickened inner part of the cup to the unthickened marginal parI of the cup, c) upper vIew. 7,8 Isarcicella? tllrgida (KOZUR, MOSTLER & RAHIM!· Y AZO), Pa element; Fig. 7: latera l view, x120, sampl e 2092, Unit 2 sensu GULLO & KOZUR (1993), middl e parI of the upper bed of the 2 m thick low· er calcarenite hori zon, lower I. ism"clea Zone, lower Brahmanian ("Induan"), section 350 III south of Pietra dci Saracini , Sosio Valley area, Sicily, rep.-no. G 91/IX-15; Fig. 8: upper view of an other speci­ men, x80, sam ple Ko 12 B, age and locality as for Fig. 7, rep.-no. 12-11-91/IX-4. 9 10, 11 Isarcicella isarcica isarcica (I-JUCKRIEDE), Pa element, latera l view, x 150, sample 2 1.4 (see Fig. 6), rep. · no. Ko 1467. Hyphae of marine fungi (Ascomycetes), probably of Tympanicysta stoschiana BALME, upper Changxin­ gian Tesero Ool ite, 0.30 In above the Bellerophon Limestone, Sass di Putia section (Southern Alps, Italy); Fig. 10: x11 0, rep.·no. Ko 8984; Fi g. 11: isolated hypha, x200, rep. ·no. Ko 8975. Kozur PLATE V 115 116 Geologia Croalica 49f1