www.geologia-croatica.hr The Alpine Wilson cycle and NW Tethyan Metallogeny Editorial Dear readers, This issue of Geologia Croatica (The Alpine Wilson cycle and NW Tethyan Metallogeny) is devoted to Ivan Jurković, a professor emeritus of Economic geology (Ore petrology) and Ore microscopy at the Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petro- leum Engineering and the former Rector of the University of Zagreb, who passed away on the 30th December, 2014. More about his life and an extensive bibliography can be found in In Memoriam at the end of this issue. His fruitful and productive life was characterized by full devotion to science and care for education of generations of geologists. Geological investigations of Prof. Jurković cover, beside all republics of the former state, a vast global territory in Africa, Asia and South America. In educational, social, and political domain he served many highly ranked duties. Ivan Jurković is a founder of modern studies in the field of ore genesis and metallogeny in Croatia. His scientific credo, as a ground of research credibility urged to join different geo- logical disciplines into a complex subject of Science of ore de- posits. He recognized, in his early research days, importance of symbiosis of regional geology and ore genesis, termed metallogeny. In the century of revolutionary affirmation of global tecto­ nics as deus ex machina of orogenesis, Ivan Jurković without hesitation accepted its principles and bravely incorporated Wilson cycle into the studies of ore deposits in Dinarides. As his successors, we try to follow a backbone of his fruitful ideas and research philosophy. In the coming years new generation of researcher keeps in line with the track routed by his princi- ples. This issue is a selection of papers on genesis of ore deposits in the NW Tethyan domain from Alps, Dinarides, Carpathians and Hellenides. Submitted papers bring results of new re- search, but also valuable reviews, collection of long-time ex- perience about the theme close to life-time interest of profes- sor Ivan Jurković in behalf of memories to this extraordinary scientist. The choice of subjects is tightly leaned to synthesis of re- gional geology, petrology, and geochemistry, serving as a ground for modelling genesis of ore deposits. The following papers give an overwiev in discourse with the phases of Wil- son cycle in the evolution of the NW Tethyan metallogeny, from the incipient rifting to the collision of the two immense continental blocks Gondwana and Eurasia. The rifting phase assumes a half of the total duration of the Wilson cycle. It started in the Middle Permian and continued till the end of the Triassic, gradually developing into the pe- lagic environment underlain by an oceanic crust. The rifting itself is divided into two phases with distinguished characteris- tics, the Early intra-continental rifting and the Advanced rift- ing stage. However, this important distinction is usually not enough recognized or appreciated. Their diversification brings plethora of phenomena in tectonism, magmatism, sedimentary facies and ore deposit formation. The ore deposits related to early intra-continental rifting were exemplified by paper Palinkaš et al.: The Ljubija geothermal field, a herald of the Pangea break-up (NW Bosnia and Herzegovina). A fascinat- ing similarity between the siderite and magnesite deposits in the Alps and those in Dinarides, are their features which pro- voke a similar genetic model: high heat flow in the rift­envi- ronment which induced hydrothermal convection systems and mobilized the residual evaporitic brines. Lithospheric exten- sion and long-lasting thermal activity related to igneous and metamorphic activities are documented in the basement rocks of the Adriatic plate, as stated in the paper presented by Pro- chaska: Genetic concepts on the formation of the Austrian magnesite and siderite mineralizations in the Eastern Alps of Austria. Advanced rifting setting in Middle Triassic times is cha- racterised by submarine volcanism, with immense pillow lava facies, and related hydrothermal processes. Comparative stud- ies on hydrothermal alteration of submarine peperitic basalt are described in details by Kiss et al.: Hydrothermal processes related to Triassic and Jurassic submarine basaltic complexes in northeastern Hungary and in the Dinarides and Hellenides. Basaltic volcanism is accompanied by formation of sedi- mentary-exhalative (SEDEX) deposits in the developing rift- ing basin adjacent to Moesian carbonate platform. The carbo- nate platform itself hosts stratiform-stratabound base metal deposits with characteristics of Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposits, or Bleiberg­Mežica types in the Alps presented by Marinova & Damyanov: The Triassic carbonate-hosted stra- tiform-stratabound base-metal deposits in the Western Balkan, NW Bulgaria - Plate tectonics aspects. Advanced rifting stage in Middle Triassic time proceeded by formation of a deep marine basin and divergent drifting of the passive continental margins already flanked by the newly formed Dinaridic and Moesian carbonate platforms. This is the scenario for genesis of the two contemporaneous types of de- posits, SEDEX in the rift and MVT within the carbonate plat- forms facing each other on the opposite sides. Recognition of this simple pairing mechanism by metallogenic patterns speaks in favour of the one ocean model in the early age of the Tethy- an history as imparted in the text by Palinkaš et al.: Diverging drifting of Adriatic-Dinaridic and Moesian carbonate plat- forms during rifting phase witnessed by Triassic MVT Pb-Zn and SEDEX deposits; Metallogenic approach. Intraoceanic subduction ocean-ocean setting in the Neo- Tethys in Upper Jurassic time is a turnover of extensional into compressional regime and beginning of the ocean closure. At the same time obduction of the overriding oceanic plate marks doi: 10.4154/gc.2016.01 2 Vol. 69/1 the formation of the mélange, transfer of the obduction pres- sure onto the carbonate platform and progress of its tectonic bulging from the platform margin to the hinterland. It gene- rated exposure of the drylands from the Middle Cretaceous to the Paleogene as the most productive period of bauxite forma- tion and the time of its influence on global climates and green- house effects. The bauxite formation as an inexhaustible re- pository of information on global climates is expressed in the paper Mindszenty: Bauxites: Feedbacks of System Earth at Greenhouse times. One of the possible and probable candidates for subduction ocean-continent setting in the NW Tethys is subsidence of the Vardar oceanic crust beneath the Serbo-Macedonian continental mass. One of the convincing evidence is paroxysm of calc-alka- line magmatism typical products of arc-volcanism during the Lower Cretaceous in the Timok area. It nested numerous mor- phogenetic types of ore deposits, with rich mineral and metal paragenesis. A review paper of Jelenković et al.: The Mineral Resources of the Bor Metallogenic Zone, A Review, summarizes major genetic ore morphotypes in this unique metallogenic zone, a natural laboratory for interplay of magmatic heat and fluid rock interaction. Collision and post-collision continent-continent setting is presented by four papers. Igneous Cenozoic rocks of the Serbian part of the Balkan Peninsula are emplaced along a mega-suture that is left behind after the closure of Neotethys Ocean. From the metallogenic point of view the Lower Cretaceous subduction related magmatism, induced by subsidence of Vardar oceanic crust beneath the Serbo-Macedonian continental block, was the most productive in the NW Tethys history. The following sce- narios mark a long retreat of the subduction slab to the west. It was going on by melting of a heterogeneous mantle during com- pressional regime, and succeeding decompression which in- creased contribution of crustal melts and enhanced its alkaline character. Engagement of the crust caused enrichment of crustal metals, what resulted in creation of impressive metallogenic belt of Dinarides presented by Cvetković et al.: The Rudnik Mts. volcano-intrusive complex (Central Serbia): an example of how magmatism controls metallogeny. The Bučim ore deposit belongs to the Lece­Chalkidiki meta­ llogenic zone as a part of the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province. It was developed at the contact of the ensialic Serbo- Macedonian block and tectonically unstable Vardar zone. The ore deposits are related to post-collisional intermediary calc-al- kaline magmatism of Neogene age. The metallogeny of the Lece-Chalkidiki zone is characterized by crustal elements Pb- Zn­Sb. Porphyry copper deposits in the Bučim ore field of the Lece-Chalkidiki zone represent an individual metallogenic unit with a clear metal zoning. Dominance of copper among the me- tals is inheritance from ophiolites underlying the host crystalline rocks of Serbo-Macedonian massif. The Detailed description of the Bučim ore field is given by Serafimovski et al.: Porphyry Cu mineralizations related with the small Tertiary volcanic intru- sions in the Bučim ore deposit, Eastern Macedonia. The Trepča Pb­Zn­Ag skarn deposit, Kosovo, is a part of the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province, at the border with the Lece­Chalkidiki metallogenic zone. Trepča is a typical pro­ duct of post-collisional magmatic activation generating potassic to ultrapotassic magma, with strongly variable petrography. The magmatism and volcanism in the area was controlled by insta- bility of the complex Dinaride-Hellenide orogen. The region of Trepča deposit in the Oligocene time was a site of frequent vol- canic vent eruptions and maar-type phreatomagmatic explosion, what resulted in extensive hydraulic bracciations, important fea- ture in the genetic evolution of the mineralization. Phreatomag- matic explosions and formation of the breccia turned the system from lithostatic to hydrostatic regime and triggered retrograde stage increasing water activity and oxygen fugacity in the sys- tem described in Strmić Palinkaš et al.: Origin and K-Ar age of the phreatomagmatic breccia at the Trepča Pb-Zn-Ag skarn de- posit, Kosovo: Implications for ore-forming processes. The most remarkable magmatic activity in Paleogene-Neo- gene times is in the Periadriatic-Sava-Vardar Zone, which fol- lows the Periadriatic lineament in the Alps, and continuous into the Dinarides and Hellenides and marks closure of the Neotethy- an Ocean and its slivers as Central Vardar ophiolite, West Vardar ophiolite and Dinaride ophiolite belts. The Priabonian-Neogenic magmatic activity in continuation is a generously productive metallogenic phase. It took place after the collisional processes in the Balkanide-Dinarides during the Middle Eocene and ac- commodates Serbo-Macedonian Metallogenic Province. The extension of the Neogene metallogeny crosses the border be- tween the Serbo-Macedonian and Southern Rhodopian forma- tions in the Thrace as the Rhodope metallogenic province. The review paper of Melfos & Voudouris: Fluid evolution in Tertiary magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems at the Rhodope metallo- genic province, NE Greece, focuses on the nature, composition and origin of magmatic­hydrothermal ore forming fluids in- volved in the formation of representative Tertiary ore deposits at the Rhodope metallogenic province in NE Greece. This issue dedicated to late professor emeritus Ivan Jurković is a tribute to his significant contribution and presentation of nowadays development of idea he initiated. Ladislav A. Palinkaš, Issue Editor Vladimir Bermanec, Issue Editor Lidija Galović, Editor-in-Chief