GC-60-2.indb 1. INTRODUCTION The Upper Cretaceous–Lower Tertiary rocks are wide- ly distributed all over the Eastern Desert, extending from Gebel Shabrawet in the north, through the Gebel Ataqa and Galala massifs, to Wadi Qena in the south. In the north Eastern Desert (Gebel Shabraweet), these rocks are greatly affected by movement of the Syrian arc which gradually diminishes southward in the Galala massifs until its effect is very reduced in Wadi Qena. Several Palaeozoic–Jurassic outcrops are exposed on the foot slopes of the Galala massifs through Wadi Ara- ba and underlie the Cretaceous–Eocene rocks. The Campanian–Early Eocene deposits are of car- bonate platform facies type that predominate in both Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau, Eastern Desert, Egypt Ahmed Aly ISMAIL, Yasmine HUSSEIN-KAMEL, Mohamed BOUKHARY and Ahmed Abdel Aziz GHANDOUR Galalas. The distribution of planktonic and larger fora- minifera within the investigated succession allowed an integrated biostratigraphic study to be achieved. Gen- erally, several authors have been involved with the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Southern Galala Plateau, e.g. FARAG (1954), AWAD & ABDALLAH (1966), ABDALLAH & EISSA (1971), ABDALLAH et al. (1971), MAZHAR et al. (1979), KUSS (1986), KUSS & LEPPIG (1989), SELIMA & ASKALANY (1996), KEHEILA (2000), SCHEIBNER et al. (2000, 2001), and ISMAIL & BOUKHARY (2001). There are no publications from the study area, 20 km west of Saint Anthony Monastery (Fig. 1) to nearly the western part of the Southern Galala Plateau. For this reason, the following aims were selected for the study area: (1) to carry out a detailed stratigraphic analysis includ- ing lithostratigraphic units and biostratigraphic zones in order to increase the understanding of the nature of the basin of deposition in the Southern Galala plateau during the Late Cretaceous–Early Eocene time. (2) to determine the relationship between horizons yielding smaller foraminifera (planktonic and ben- thonic) and those yielding larger ones in order to understand why the Southern Galala has different facies from those recorded in the Western Desert and in Sinai during the same interval. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 91 rock samples were collected from two sur- face sections covering the Campanian–Early Eocene succession in the western part of Southern Galala Pla- teau. The first section, Umm Khayshar (UK) lies 20 km west of Saint Anthony Monastery, and is 139 m in thickness. The second, Umm Damaranah section (UD) is located 30 km west of Saint Anthony Monastery (197 m thickness). Forty nine samples were collected from the Umm Khayshar section covering the Campa- nian–Maastrichtian, while forty two samples were col- lected from the Umm Damaranah section covering the Campanian–Early Eocene succession. The collected samples were described and washed for separating microfossils. These microfossils (plank- Geologia Croatica 60/2 115–137 11 Figs. 4 Pls. ZAGREB 2007 Key words: Larger foraminifera, Campanian–Early Eocene, Southern Galala Plateau, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt; e-mail: aaaismail2002@yahoo.com Abstract Several species of larger foraminifera have been recorded in the Campanian–Early Eocene succession of the Southern Galala Plateau. These species include Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC), Omphalocyc- lus macropora (LAMARK) in the Campanian–Maastrichtian rocks (Gebel Thelmet Formation and Sudr Chalk) and Fallotella (Fallotel- la) kochanskae persica HOTTINGER & DROBNE, Fabularia zitteli HOTTINGER, Alveolina pasticillata (SCHWAGER), Glomalveolina dachelensis (SCHWAGER), Miscellanea rhomboidea KUSS & LEP- PIG and Nummulites cf. subramondi DE LA HARPE in the Palaeo- cene–Early Eocene sediments (Southern Galala Formation). There are few intervals yielding planktonic species that contributed significant- ly to the determination of the age assignment for the larger foramin- ifera. These species include Globigerina triloculinoides PLUMMER, Morozovella uncinata (BOLLI), Morozovella trinidadensis (BOLLI), Morozovella cf. conicotruncata (SUBBOTINA), Morozovella angu- lata (WHITE), Planorotalites pseudomenardii (BOLLI) and Aca- rinina primitiva (FINLAY). These planktonic species placed the Glo- malveolina dachelensis (SCHWAGER) zone as being older than the Morozovella angulata (WHITE) zone (Early–Middle Palaeocene). The occurrence of the algae Ethelia alba (PFENDER) and Neomeris plagnensis DELOFFRE further supports the referred age. 116 Geologia Croatica 60/2 tonic and benthic foraminifera) were identified, photo- graphed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and are illustrated in four plates. For larger foraminifera, normal photography was used. Some samples were pre- pared for thin-sections to study the larger foraminifera, in addition some thin-sections were made through the free tests of these foraminifera. It is worth mentioning that the Umm Khayshar (UK) section starts with the Coniacian– Strike and dip of Fig. 1 Location map (A) and geological map (after GHANDOUR, 2000) of the study area (B). A B 117Ismail et al.: Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau... Galala Formation (Cenomanian), Maghra El Hadida Formation (Turonian) and Matulla Formation (Conia- cian–Santonian), which have been treated elsewhere (ISMAIL et al., in press). 3. STRATIGRAPHY The stratigraphic analysis of the studied rocks depends mainly on the distribution of foraminifera through the Campanian–Early Eocene succession. In intervals that lack foraminifera, macrofossils were used whenever possible. The identified foraminiferal assemblages include planktonic, small benthonic and larger foramin- ifera that were extracted from the Umm Khayshar and Umm Damaranah measured sections (Figs. 2, 3 & 10). The identified foraminiferal assemblages were corre- lated with the standard Cretaceous biozones of CARON (1985) and the standard Palaeocene–Eocene biozones of TOUMARKINE & LUTERBACHER (1985). Fur- thermore, the rock units in the study area are the Gebel Thelmet Formation, Sudr Chalk and Southern Galala Formation (Figs. 4 & 5). The lithostratigraphic descrip- tion, in addition to the faunal content (Figs. 6 & 7) is discussed below. 3.1 Late Campanian–Early Maastrichtian deposits Sediments of Late Campanian and Early Maastrich- tian age are widely distributed in the upper parts of the Southern Galala Plateau and the foot slopes of the Northern Galala Plateau facing Wadi Araba. In the low- er part they are composed of well-bedded flaky lime- stone intercalated with chalk and sandstones. In the upper part they consist of fossiliferous, chalky, sandy and argillaceous limestones intercalated with green shales. The thickness of this interval reaches 69 m in the Umm Khayshar section and >40 m in the Umm Dama- ranah Section. The interval is named the Gebel Thelmet Formation by ABDALLAH & EISSA (1971) at Gebel Thelmet, Southern Galala. It contains some larger fora- minifera of stratigraphic significance. In the Umm Khayshar section, the sequence is chara- cterized by the abundance of Orbitoides media (ARCHI- AC) and Omphalocyclus macroporus (LAMARCK) and overlain by a horizon containing several planktonic and small benthic foraminiferal species of Late Campanian– Early Maastrichtian affinity: Haplophragmoides calcu- lus CUSHMAN & WATERS, H. excavata CUSHMAN & WATERS, H. globulosa LOZO, H. hausa PETTERS, Ammobaculites subcretaceus CUSHMAN & ALEXAN- DER, A. texanus CUSHMAN, Cyclammina cancellata BRADY, Heterohelix glabrans (CUSHMAN), Globi- gerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO, Hastigeri- noides subdigitata (CARMAN), Rugoglobigerina mac- rocephala BRONNIMANN, Bulimina kickapooensis COLE, B. reussi MORROW, Discorbis beadnilli SAID & BARAKAT, Anomalina umbonifera (SCHWAGER) and Gyroidinoides goodkoffi (TRUJILLO). The sug- Fig. 2 A general view of Umm Khayshar section. Fig. 3 A panoramic view of Umm Damaranah section. Fig. 4 A field photograph showing the Sudr Chalk (SC) Formation and the unconformably overlying Southern Galala Formation (SG). (SG) (S) 118 Geologia Croatica 60/2 gested Early Maastrichtian age may be partially equated to the Globotruncanella havanensis zone. In Umm Damaranah, the presence of the larger fora- minifera Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC) and Omphalo- cyclus macroporus ascribe the upper part of the Gebel Thelmet Formation to the Late Campanian (ISMAIL & BOUKHARY, 2001). It is overlain by a nonfossilifer- ous sequence of chalky limestone, which suggests the extension of its age to the Early?–Middle Palaeocene as evidenced by the appearance of Glomalveolina dachel- ensis (SCHWAGER) and Fallotella (F.) kochanskae persica HOTTINGER & DROBNE. 3.2 Early Maastrichtian deposits The chalky deposits are widely distributed within this interval, named the Sudr Chalk by GHORAB (1961) in Wadi Sudr, west central Sinai. In the study area, it ranges from the first occurrence of Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY to the first occurrence of the oysters Exogyra overwegi BOCH and E. cornuarietis COQUAND (Middle Maastrichtian). The thickness of this interval is 45 m, and it overlies the horizon yield- ing Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC) and Omphalocyclus macroporus (LAMARCK) of the Late Campanian, and underlies a shallow carbonate horizon yielding the oys- ters Exogyra overwegi and E. cornuarietis of the Mid- dle Maastrichtian. The associated foraminiferal assem- blage is composed of Pseudoclavulina maqfiensis LE ROY, Dentalina colei CUSHMAN & DUSENBURY, D. communis (D’ORBIGNY), Lenticulina muensteri (ROEMER), Heterohelix globulosa (EHRENBERG), H. moremani (CUSHMAN), H. striata (CUSHMAN), Glo- bigerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO, G. sub- carinata (BRONNIMANN), Hedbergella holmedlensis OLSSON, Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY, G. bulloides VOLGER, G. linneana (D’ORBIGNY), Con- tusotruncana fornicata (PLUMMER), Globotruncanita stuarti (DE LAPPARENT), Archaeoglobigerina blowi PESSAGNO, Rugoglobigerina macrocephala BRON- NIMANN, R. rugosa (PLUMMER), Bulimina kicka- pooensis COLE, B. reussi MORROW, Bulimina sp., Cibicides praecursorius (SCHWAGER), Anomalina umbonifera (SCHWAGER), Anomalinoides nakkadyi SAID & KENAWY, A. sinaensis SAID & KENAWY, Heterolepa hispaiolae (BERMUDEZ) and Gyridina cf. Subangulata (PLUMMER). 3.3 Middle Maastrichtian deposits These deposits are only recorded at the Umm Khayshar section where they occupy the upper part of the Sudr Chalk. The thickness of this interval attains 30 m. It overlies the Globotruncana aegyptiaca interval zone of the Early Maastrichtian and unconformably underlies the Nummulites cf. subramondi–Alveolina pasticellata horizon of the Early Eocene. This horizon yields the oysters Exogyra overwegi and E. cornuarietis of Middle Maastrichtian age (LUGER, 1985), in addition to large gastropods. This horizon is equivalent to the Gansseri- na gansseri zone of CARON (1985), SIGAL (1977) and POSTUMA (1971). There are a few beds yielding some long-ranging planktonic foraminiferal species – Hetero- helix globulosa, Hedbergella holmedelensis and Contu- sotruncana fornicate. 3.4 Early?–Middle Palaeocene deposits Early?–Middle Paleocene deposits are only recorded in the Umm Damaranah section and occupy the lower part of the Southern Galala Formation. The thickness of this horizon is 127.5 m. It overlies the Orbitoides media and Omphalocyclus macropora assemblage zone of the Late Campanian and underlies the Morozovella angulata zone of the Middle Palaeocene. This horizon is charac- terized by a large number of white globular larger fora- Fig. 5 A field photograph showing the Gebel Thelmet Formation (T) and the Southern Galala Formation (SG) at the Umm Damaranah Section. (SG) (T) M aa st ric ht ia n Yp re si an S ud r C ha lk S ou th er n G al al a Fm . Fig. 6 Stratigraphic column of the Umm Khayshar section (UK). 119Ismail et al.: Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau... minifera Glomalveolina dachelensis (SCHWAGER), in addition to Miscellanea rhomboidea KUSS & LEPPIG and Fallotella (F.) kochanskae persica HOTTINGER & DROBNE. KUSS & LEPPIG (1989), equated the Glom- alveolina dachelensis zone to the Alveolina (Glomalve- olina) levis zone of CUVILLIER & POMEROL (1986), which is equivalent to the upper part of the Planoro- talites psudomenardii zone (Early Late Palaeocene). In the Umm Damaranah section, this zone underlies the Morozovella angulata zone of Middle Palaeocene age. This may suggest extension of the Glomalveolina dachlensis zone downward to an Early?–Middle Pal- aeocene age (Figs. 8 & 9). 3.5 Middle Palaeocene deposits These are recorded in the Umm Damaranah section, which occupy the middle part of the Southern Galala Formation. The thickness of this zone is 6 m. It over- lies the Glomalveolina dachlensis horizon of the Ear- ly?–Middle Palaeocene and underlies the Planorotalites peudomenardii zone of Early Late Palaeocene time. This zone is of low diversity, where few species are recorded – Morozovella angulata (WHITE) and Moro- zovella conicotruncata (SUBBOTINA), in addition to some badly preserved specimens of the same affinity. 3.6 Late Palaeocene deposits Late Palaeocene deposits are only recorded in the Umm Damaranah section, where they comprise the upper part of the Southern Galala Formation and are 14 m thick. They overlie the Morozovella angulata zone of Middle Palaeocene age and unconformably underlie the Num- mulites cf. subramondi and Alveolina pasticellata (SCHWAGER) horizon of Ypresian age. The associated Fig. 7 Stratigraphic column of the Umm Dammaranah section (UD). � 120 Geologia Croatica 60/2 assemblage includes Planorotalites pseudomenardii (BOLLI), Morozovella angulata (WHITE), M. trini- dadensis (BOLLI), M. uncinata (BOLLI), Acarinina primitiva (FINLAY), Nodosarella mappa (CUSHMAN & JARVIS), Reussoolina apiculata (REUSS), Globige- rina triloculinoides PLUMMER, Cibicidoides padella (JENNINGS) and Cibicidoides cf. succedens (BROT- ZEN). 3.7 Early Eocene (Ypresian) deposits These are recorded in the accessible, uppermost part of the Southern Galala Formation in the two measured sections. In the Umm Khayshar section, these deposits unconformably overlie the Exogyra overwegi–E. cornu- arietis horizon of Middle Maastrichtian age. However, in the Umm Damaranah section, they overlie the Plano- Fig. 9 Palaeogene zonations after BERGGREN et al. (1995) and BERGGREN & PEARSON (2005). BERGGREN & PEARSON (2005)BERGGREN et al. (1995) – – – – – – – – – – – – Fig. 8 A correlation table of the rock units with the faunal content. 121Ismail et al.: Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau... rotalites pseudomenardii zone of Late Palaeocene age. This interval contains the following species of Ypresian age: Nummulites cf. subramondi, Alveolina pasticellata, Fabularia zitteli HOTTINGER and algae such as Ethe- lia alba (PFENDER). 4. TAXONOMIC NOTES This discussion includes the synonymy, special remarks and stratigraphic distribution for each species. For planktonic foraminifera the Cretaceous scheme of CARON (1985) and the Palaeocene–Eocene scheme of TOUMARKINE & LUTERBACHER (1985) have been followed, while several publications (e.g. HENSON, 1948; OMARA, 1956; SAID & KENAWY, 1956; SAID & BARAKAT, 1957; NEUMANN, 1967; SLITER, 1968; ISMAIL, 1992; BOLLI et al., 1994, etc.) have been used for identification of benthic foraminifera. Furthermore, the Treatise of LOEBLICH & TAPPAN (1988) facilitated the classification of the different gen- era. The identified small foraminiferal species (Fig. 11) were photographed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the larger foraminiferal species, in addition to thin sections were photographed by a high power petrographic microscope, while normal photography was used for separated specimens. The larger foraminif- eral species are illustrated in 2 plates. Type specimens of the identified species are deposited in the Geological Museum of the Department of Geology, Faculty of Sci- ence, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Ismail Col- lection). Family Heterohelicidae CUSHMAN, 1927 Genus Heterohelix EHRENBERG, 1843 Heterohelix glabrans (CUSHMAN) Pl. I, Fig. 1 1938 Guembelitria glabrans CUSHMAN, p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 1 & 2. 1968 Heterohelix glabrans (CUSHMAN) – SLITER, p. 94, pl. 13, fig. 17. Remarks: It has a subacute periphery, subrectangular chambers and smooth surface. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, sample UK 75, Gebel Thel- met Formation (Campanian). Heterohelix striata (EHRENBERG) Pl. I, Fig. 2 1840 Textularia striata EHRENBERG, p. 135, pl. 4, figs. 1a, 2a & 3a. 1985 Heterohelix striata (EHRENBERG) – CARON, p. 60, pl. 24 (figs. 12 & 13). Remarks: This species is easily distinguished by the fine striations on the surface of the test. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Fig. 10 Correlation between two studied sec- tions. 122 Geologia Croatica 60/2 Family Globigerinelloididae LONGORIA, 1974 Genus Globigerinelloides CUSHMAN & TEN DAM, 1984 Globigerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO Pl. I, Fig. 3 1967 Globigerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO, pl. 90, figs. 1 & 2. 1985 Globigerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO – CARON, p. 47, fig. 29 (14–15). Remarks: This species is characterized by globular chambers, which increase rapidly in size. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, samples UK 75 and UK 78, Gebel Thelmet Formation (Campanian), and sam- ples UK 80 and UK 82, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Globigerinelloides subcarinata (BRONNIMANN) Pl. I, Fig. 4 1952 Globigerinelloides messinae subcarinata BRON- NIMANN, p. 44–45, pl. 1, figs. 10–11. 1985 Globigerinelloides subcarinata (BRONNIMANN) – CARON, p. 47, fig. 29 (16–17). Remarks: This species possesses an imperforate peri- pheral band in all chambers of the last whorl. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, sample UK 84, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Hedbergella holmdelensis OLSSON Pl. I, Fig. 5 1964 Hedbergella holmdelensis OLSSON, p. 160, pl. 1, fig. 2. 1985 Hedbergella holmdelensis OLSSON – CARON, p. 59, fig. 25 (10–11). Remarks: This species is characterized by its compact arrangement of the subglobular chambers. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, samples UK 80 and UK 100, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Family Globotruncanidae BROTZEN, 1942 Genus Globotruncana CUSHMAN, 1927 Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY Pl. I, Fig. 6 1950 Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY, p. 690, pl. 90, fig. 20. 1985 Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY – CAR- ON, p. 50, fig. 19 (1–3). Remarks: It has 4 chambers in the last whorl and two closely spaced keels. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Fig. 11 Distribution chart of species determined at the Um Damaranah Section. 123Ismail et al.: Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau... Globotruncana bulloides VOLGER Pl. I, Fig. 7 1941 Globotruncana linnei (D’ORBIGNY) subsp. bul- loides VOLGER, p. 287, pl. 23, figs. 32–39. 1985 Globotruncana bulloides VOLGER – CARON, p. 50, fig. 20 (1–2). Remarks: This species is characterized by inflated chambers on both sides and two widely spaced keels. Distribution: In the study area it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Family Rugoglobigerinidae SUBBOTINA, 1959 Genus Archaeoglobigerina PESSAGNO, 1967 Archaeoglobigerina blowi PESSAGNO Pl. I, Fig. 8 1967 Archaeoglobigerina blowi PESSAGNO, p. 316, pl. 59, figs. 5–7. 1985 Archaeoglobigerina blowi, PESSAGNO – CAR- ON, p. 43, fig. 16 (3–4). Remarks: It has 4 chambers in the last whorl and a rounded periphery. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, samples UK 80, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Genus Rugoglobigerina BRONNIMANN, 1952 Rugoglobigerina macrocephala BRONNIMANN Pl. I, Fig. 9 1952 Rugoglobigerina (Rugoglobigerina) macrocepha- la BRONNIMANN, p. 25, pl. 2, figs. 1–3. 1985 Rugoglobigerina macrocephala BRONNIMANN – CARON, p. 92, fig. 14 (5–7). Remarks: Rugoglobigerina macrocephala BRON- NIMANN differs from Rugoglobigerina rugosa (PLUMMER) in having 4 instead of 5 inflated chambers in the last whorl. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, samples UK 75, Gebel Thelmet Formation (Campanian) and samples UK 80 and UK 82, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Rugoglobigerina rugosa (PLUMMER) Pl. I, Fig. 10 1926 Globigerina rugosa PLUMMER, p. 38, pl. 2, fig. 10. 1985 Rugoglobigerina rugosa (PLUMMER) – CARON, p. 72, fig. 34 (9–10). Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section, samples UK 80, Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian). Family Globorotaiidae CUSHMAN, 1927 Genus Planorotalites MOROZOVA, 1957 Planorotalites pseudomenardii (BOLLI) Pl. II, Figs. 1–3 1957 Globorotalia pseudomenardii BOLLI, p. 77, pl. 20, figs. 14–17. 1985 Planorotalites pseudomenardii (BOLLI) – TOU- MARKINE & LUTERBACHER, p. 108, fig. 12 (3–4). Remarks: This species has a biconvex lenticular smooth test and imperforate keel. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, samples UD 36 and UD 37, Southern Galala Formation (Middle Palaeocene) and sample UD 39, Southern Galala Formation (Late Palaeocene). Family Truncrotalididae LOEBLICH & TAPPAN, 1961 Genus Acarinina SUBBOTINA, 1953 Acarinina primitiva (FINLAY) Pl. II, Fig. 4 1947 Globoquadrina primitiva FINLAY, p. 291, pl. 8, figs. 129–134. 1985 Acarinina primitiva (FINLAY) – TOUMARKINE & LUTERBACHER, p. 116, fig. 17 (6 & 7). Remarks: It has 4 chambers in the last whorl, and a small but deep umbilicus. The last chamber repre- sents one half of the test and the surface is pustu- lose. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, sample UD 38, Southern Galala Formation (Late Palaeocene). Genus Morozovella McGOWRAN, 1968 Morozovella angulata (WHITE) Pl. II, Figs. 5 & 6 1928 Globigerina angulata WHITE, p. 191, pl. 27, fig. 13. 1985 Morozovella angulata (WHITE) – TOUMAR- KINE & LUTERBACHER, p. 111, fig. 14 (5–6). Remarks: All chambers of the last whorl are angular conical. Instead of a peripheral keel, delicate spines are concentrated around the periphery and the umbilical shoulders. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, samples UD 34, Southern Galala Formation (Middle Palaeocene) and samples UD 38 and UD 39, Southern Galala Formation (Late Palaeocene). Morozovella cf. conicotruncata (SUBBOTINA) Pl. II, Fig. 7 1947 Globorotalia conicotruncata SUBBOTINA, p. 124 Geologia Croatica 60/2 115, pl. 4, figs. 11–13; pl. 9, figs. 9–11. 1999 Globorotalia conicotruncata SUBBOTINA – OLSSON et al., p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 10–15. Remarks: This species is characterized by its conico- truncate shape in lateral view, with 6 chambers in the last whorl and the chambers are angular conical. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, samples UD 34, Southern Galala Formation (Middle Palaeocene). Morozovella trinidadensis (BOLLI) Pl. II, Fig. 8 1957 Globorotalia trinidadensis BOLLI, p. 73, pl. 16, figs. 19–23. 1985 Morozovella trinidadensis (BOLLI) – TOUMAR- KINE & LUTERBACHER, p. 110, fig. 13 (3–4). Remarks: This species has 5 angular conical chambers in the last whorl and it also has a wide umbilicus. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, samples UD 37, Southern Galala Formation (Middle Palaeocene). Morozovella uncinata (BOLLI) Pl. II, Fig. 9 1957 Globorotalia uncinata BOLLI, p. 74, pl. 17, figs. 13–15. 1985 Morozovella uncinata (BOLLI) – TOUMARKINE & LUTERBACHER, p. 110, fig. 14 (3–4). Remarks: The early chambers of the last whorl are angular conical and the suture lines on the spiral side are strongly curved backwardly. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, sample UD 37, Southern Galala Formation (Middle Palaeocene). Family Globigerinidae CARPENTER, PARKER & JONES, 1862 Genus Globigerina D’ORBIGNY Globigerina triloculinoides PLUMMER Pl. II, Figs. 10 & 11 1926 Globigerina triloculinoides PLUMMER, p. 134, pl. 8, fig. 10. 1985 Globigerina triloculinoides PLUMMER – TOU- MARKINE & LUTERBACHER, p. 117, fig. 19 (1–2). Remarks: It has a trochospiral test with 3 globular chambers and the last one occupies one half of the entire whorl. Distribution: In the study area, it is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section, sample UK 39, Southern Galala Formation (Late Palaeocene). Family Orbitoididae SCHWAGER, 1876 Genus Orbitoides D’ORBIGNY, 1848 Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC) Pl. III, Figs. 1–4, 6–7 & 11 1837 Orbitoides media ARCHIAC, p. 178 2001 Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC) – ISMAIL & BOU- KHARY, p. 81, pl. 1, figs. 1–9; pl. 2, figs.1–4. Remarks: It has a lenticular test, symmetrically bicon- vex, the megalospheric test has four-chambered embryo surrounded by thick wall, and its surface is smooth. Diameter Thickness Maximum 4.6 1.4 Minimum 2.2 0.7 Distribution: It was recorded by FAUJAS DE SAINT- FOND (1802) from the Maastrichtian of Holland, and from the Upper Cretaceous of France by SCH- LUMBERGER (1901). Although some authors considered Orbitoides media to belong to the Ear- ly Maastrichtian (SERONIE-VIVIEN, 1972, and ANDREIEFF & MARIONNAUD, 1973), both his- torical and micropaeontological evidence ascribes these sediments to the Late Campanian (VAN HINTE, 1965; GOHARIAN, 1971; VAN GOR- SEL, 1973; PLATEL, 1977, and LAMBERT, 1980). In Egypt, it was recorded from the Campanian of Gebel Thelmet, Southern Galala by ISMAIL & BOUKHARY (2001). In the study area, Orbitoides media is record- ed from samples UK 66, UK 67 and UK 71 in the Umm Khayshar section, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian, and samples UD 1, UD 2 and UD 3 in the Umm Damaranah section, also Gebel Thel- met Formation, Campanian. At the Umm Khay- shar section, the beds which yield both Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC) and Omphalocyclus macropora (LAMARK) are overlain by beds containing plank- tonic foraminifera of Early Maastrichtian affinity (such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY, Globotruncana bulloides VOLGER, Globotruncana linneana D’ORBIGNY, Rosita fornicata PLUM- MER, Archaeoglobigerina blowi PESSAGNO, Rugoglobigerina macrocephala BRONNIMANN, Rugoglobigerina rugosa BRONNIMANN). There- fore, Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC) and Ompha- locyclus macropora (LAMARK) in the study area are of Campanian affinity according to ISMAIL & BOUKHARY (2001). Genus Omphalocyclus BRONN, 1853 Omphalocyclus macropora (LAMARCK) Pl. III, Figs. 5 & 8–10 1920 Omphalocyclus macropora (LAMARCK) – DOU- VILLE, p. 209, pl. 8, figs. 5–14. 2001 Omphalocyclus macropora (LAMARCK) – ISMAIL & BOUKHARY, p. 82, pl. 3, figs. 5–7. 125Ismail et al.: Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau... Remarks: It has a biconcave test, the megalospher- ic embryo is quadrilocular followed by cycles of arched equatorial chambers. Distribution: Omphalocyclus macropora was recorded from the Upper Cretaceous of Libya by KRUM- BECK (1906), from the Maastrichtian of Switzer- land by RENZ (1937), from the Maastrichtian of Holland by NEUMANN (1958), and from the Maas- trichtian of Cuba by HANZAWA (1962). In Egypt, it was recorded from the Campanian of Gebel Thel- met, Southern Galala by ISMAIL & BOUKHARY (2001). In the study area, it is recorded from samples UK 66, UK 67 and UK 71 in the Umm Khayshar section, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian, and samples UD 1, UD 2 and UD 3 from the Umm Damaranah section, also Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian. Family Orbitolinidae MARTIN, 1890 Genus Fallotella MANGIN, 1954 Fallotella (Fallotella) kochanskae persica HOTTINGER & DROBNE Pl. IV, Fig. 11 1980 Fallotella (Fallotella) kochanskae persica HOT- TINGER & DROBNE, p. 239, pl. 15, fig. 15–29. Remarks: It is characterized by its high conical form with horizontal partitions. The diameter of this spec- imen is 1.4 mm and its height is 1.5 mm. Distribution: Fallotella (Fallotella) kochanskae per- sica was recorded from the Palaeocene of Iran by HOTTINGER & DROBNE (1980), in association with Alveolina (Glomalveolina) dachelensis, Mis- cellanea sp. and Kathina sp. In the study area, it is recorded from samples UD 21, UD 22 and UD 32 in the Umm Damaranah section, (together with Glo- malveolina dachelensis and Miscellanea rhomboi- dea), Southern Galala Formation, Middle Palaeo- cene. Family Fabulariidae EHRENBERG, 1839 Genus Fabularia DEFRANCE, 1820 Fabularia zitteli HOTTINGER Pl. IV, Fig. 7 1969 Fabularia zitteli HOTTINGER, pl. 8, fig. 97. Remarks: This specimen has a milioline type of coiling in the early stage, becoming two-chamber growth in the adult stage. The adult stage is adapted to be of discoidal shape with only two chambers per whorl. Distribution: In the study area, Fabularia zitteli is recorded from the Umm Khayshar section (samples UK 102, UK 104, UK 106, UK 108 and UK 109), Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian, and from the Umm Damaranah section (samples UD 41 and UK 42), Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian. Family Alveolinidae EHRENBERG, 1839 Genus Alveolina D’ORBIGNY, 1826 Alveolina pasticillata (SCHWAGER) Pl. IV, Figs. 8–9 & 12 1883 Alveolina (Flosculina) pasticillata SCHWAGER, p. 104, pl. 26 (III), fig. 2. 1960 Alveolina pasticillata (SCHWAGER) – HOT- TINGER, p. 88, pl. 4, figs. 26–33. Remarks: The test is almost spherical, only slightly nautiloid whorls in the B-form are flosculinized cir- cular. The last whorls have a thick basal layer. The early whorls are widely spaced while the last whorls are narrowly spaced. Diameter in the B-form is nearly 2.8 mm, 7 whorls in radius 1.38 mm. A- and B-forms are close in overall size or diameter. Chamberlets in the last whorls are quadrate and beaded in the early whorls. In the A-form, the last whorls lack a thickened basal layer which is thin, chamberlets beaded all over the test, and the last whorls are narrowly separated, early whorls at regu- lar step size. The proloculus is globular, the diameter of the protoconch is 0.16 mm, diameter of deutero- conch is 0.11 mm., diameter of the test is 3.05 mm, number of whorls per radius are 11 whorls in a radi- us of 1.44 mm. Distribution: Alveolina pasticillata was recorded from the Early Eocene of France by HOTTINGER (1958). In Egypt, It was recorded from the Early Eocene of Egypt by SCHWAGER (1883), HOT- TINGER (1960) and KUSS & LEPPIG (1989). In the study area, Alveolina pasticillata is recorded from both measured sections, Umm Khayshar sec- tion (samples UK 102, UK 104, UK 106, UK 108 and UK 109), Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian, and from Umm Damaranah section (samples UD 41 & UK 42), Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian. Genus Glomalveolina HOTTINGER, 1962 Glomalveolina dachelensis (SCHWAGER) Pl. IV, Figs. 1 & 2 1883 Alveolina cf. ovulum SCHWAGER, p. 95, pl. 24, fig. B (a–c). 1980 Alveolina (Glomalveolina) dachelensis SCHWA- GER – HOTTINGER & DROBNE, pl. 15, fig. 2g. 1989 Alveolina (Glomalveolina) dachelensis SCHWA- GER – KUSS & LEPPIG, p. 302, figs. 5 (a–b). Remarks: The subgenus Glomalveolina was raised to generic rank as it has characters which differ from Alveolina. These characters include equidimensional test of nearly spherical outline and a test diameter of 2.5 mm. The diameter of Glomalveolina dachelensis is less than that of Alveolina (Glomalveolina) levis whose diameter is 2.8 mm, thus this taxon exists in an older zone than that of Alveolina (Glomalveolina) levis and Alveolina (Glomalveolina) primaeva of the Late Palaeocene. 126 Geologia Croatica 60/2 Distribution: HOTTINGER (1960) described Alveolina (Glomalveolina) from its type locality (Qasr Dachl) in the Libyan Desert (Egypt), as well as from Gebel Thelmet, Southern Galala, Egypt. In both localities Cretaceous deposits are transgressively overlain by sediments with Alveolina (Glomalveolina) dachel- ensis, Operculina libyca and Assilina sp. (KUSS & LEPPIG, 1989). In the study area these beds are overlain in the Umm Damaranah section by Middle Palaeocene rocks (with Morozovella angulata and Morozovella cf. conicotruncata). Glomalveolina dachelensis is recorded from the Umm Damaranah section (samples UD 21, UD 22 & UK 32), South- ern Galala Formation, Middle Palaeocene. Family Pellatispiridae HANZAWA, 1937 Genus Miscellanae PFENDER, 1935, 1952 Miscellanea rhomboidea KUSS & LEPPIG Pl. IV, Figs. 4–6 1989 Miscellanea rhomboidea KUSS & LEPPIG, p. 303, fig. 6(a–g). Remarks: This genus is characterized by having alter- nating whorls, the first whorl with discoidal plani- spiral evolute coiling, the other whorls are of the spiroloculine type of coiling. The outer outline of the test is planispiral involute. There are two types of side pillars, the first type interfinger with the whorls while the other occurs over the whorls. In Miscella- nea rhomboidea KUSS & LEPPIG, the diameter of the megalospheric form reaches 1.7 mm. The mega- lospheric form of the protoconch is surrounded by two chambers in trilateral shape and the diameter of the protoconch is 0.312 mm. Distribution: It was recorded from the Middle Palaeo- cene of the Southern Galala by KUSS & LEPPIG (1989). In the study area Miscellanea rhomboidea is recorded from samples UD 21, UD 22 and UK 32 in the Umm Damaranah section, Southern Galala For- mation, Middle Palaeocene. Family Nummulitidae DE BLAINVILLE, 1827 Genus Nummulites LAMARCK, 1801 Nummulites cf. subramondi DE LA HARPE 1883 – SCHAUB 1951 Pl. IV, Fig. 3 cf. 1883 Nummulites ramondi, DE LA HARPE, p. 173, pl. II, figs. 5, 12 (form B). cf. 1883 Nummulites sub-ramondi, DE LA HARPE, p. 175, pl. II, figs. 13–17 (form A). cf. 1951 Nummulites subramondi DE LA HARPE – SCHAUB, p. 128, figs. 119–127. Remarks: Nummulites subramondi was probably derived from N. globulus (sensu SCHAUB, 1981), as both have similar septa and chambers; our mate- rial is recorded only from thin section and can be compared with Nummulites subramondi but due to the absence of external characters, the open nomen- clature is used. Distribution: This species was originally recorded from the Thebes Formation, Gebel Deir, near Esna, Nile Valley. Here, Nummulites cf. subramondi is found together with Alveolina pasticellata (SCHWAGER) and Fabularia zitteli HOTTINGER. In the study area it is recorded from samples UK 102, UK 104, UK 106, UK 108 and UK 109 in the Umm Khayshar section, Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian, and from the Umm Damaranah section (samples UD 41 and UK 42), Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian. Green Algae Family Dasycladaceae KUTZING, 1843 Genus Neomeris LAMOUROUX, 1816 Neomeris plagnensis DELOFFRE Pl. IV, Fig. 13 1977 Neomeris plagnensis DELOFFRE – DELOFFRE et al., p. 41, pl. 5, fig. 5 (3–7). 1989 Neomeris plagnensis DELOFFRE – KUSS & LEPPIG, pl. 4, figs. 7–8; pl. 8, figs. 1–3. Red Algae Family Corallinaceae (coralline Algae) Genus Ethelia (PFENDER) Ethelia album (PFENDER) Pl. IV, Figs. 10, 14 1938 Ethelia album (PFENDER), p. 303, pl. 19, figs. 1–5. 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The present study is an attempt to throw more light on the stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau. This is a very detailed stratigraphic analysis both lithostrati- graphically and biostratigraphically, and has some addi- tional chronostratigraphic implications. The exposed rocks in the area west of the Saint Anthony Monastery have not been previously studied, except for inclusion in some general publications on the Southern Galala Plateau. The stratigraphic analysis is based on a detailed micropalaeontologic investigation of some Upper Cre- taceous rocks exposed in the area west of the Saint Anthony Monastery, Southern Galala, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Two stratigraphic sections were described, mea- sured and sampled – the Umm Khayshar section (139 m thick, 49 samples) and the Umm Damaranah section (197 m thick, 42 samples). The stratigraphic studies subdivided the Campanian–Early Eocene rocks exposed into three rock units. These units are (from base to top): the Gebel Thelmet Formation (Campanian), Sudr Chalk (Maastrichtian) and Southern Galala Formation (Palaeo- cene–Early Eocene). The distribution of the identified foraminifera either small or large with some macrofos- 127Ismail et al.: Campanian–Early Eocene Stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau... sil horizons were the main basis for the biostratigraphic studies. The occurrence of Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC)– Omphalocyclus macropora (LAMARCK) in the Gebel Thelmet Formation, in addition to a reasonable number of small foraminifera in the Umm Khayshar section, defines the Late Campanian–Early Maastrichtian peri- od here. This larger foraminiferal horizon is overlain by chalky deposits (Sudr Chalk of GHORAB, 1961) yielding numerous planktonic foraminiferal species. Among these species, the Globotruncana aegyptiaca delineates the Early–Middle Maastrichtian, in addition to Exogyra overwegi BOCH and Exogyra cornuarietis COQUAND (Middle Maastrichtian). The associated foraminiferal assemblage is: Pseudoclavulina maqfien- sis LE ROY, Dentalina colei CUSHMAN & DUSEN- BURY, Dentalina communis (D’ORBIGNY), Len- ticulina muensteri (ROEMER), Heterohelix globulosa (EHRENBERG), Heterohelix moremani (CUSHMAN), Heterohelix striata (CUSHMAN), Globigerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO, Globigerinelloides sub- carinata (BRONNIMANN), Hedbergella holmedlen- sis OLSSON, Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY, Globotruncana bulloides VOLGER, Globotruncana linneana (D’ORBIGNY), Contusotruncana fornicata (PLUMMER), Globotruncanita stuarti (DE LAPPAR- ENT), Archaeoglobigerina blowi PESSAGNO, Rugo- globigerina macrocephala BRONNIMANN, Rugoglo- bigerina rugosa (PLUMMER), Bulimina kickapooen- sis COLE, Bulimina reussi MORROW, Bulimina sp., Cibicides praecursorius (SCHWAGER), Anomalina umbonifera (SCHWAGER), Anomalinoides nakkady SAID & KENAWY, Anomalinoides sinaensis SAID & KENAWY, Heterolepa hispaiolae (BERMUDEZ) and Gyroidina cf. subangulata (PLUMMER). The Gebel Thelmet Formation represents a con- tinuation of the transgression and deposition in an open marine environment in its lower part, and coast- al marine to near shore shelf seas in its upper part. The Sudr Chalk begins with deposition under an open marine environment and ended with sedimentation in a shallow marine environment. The Southern Galala For- mation represents deposition in a shallow marine envi- ronment (coastal marine). The shallow water carbon- ates within the Palaeogene stratigraphy of the Southern Galala Plateau yield several larger foraminiferal species of stratigraphic significance. A few beds also contain some planktonic foraminifera, which aids determination of the stratigraphic position of the larger foraminifera. Glomalveolina dachlensis was recorded in the Moro- zovella angulata zone. This indicates that the strati- graphic level of Glomalveolina dachlensis is possibly Early–Middle Palaeocene. 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Revised manuscript accepted November 23, 2007. 130 Geologia Croatica 60/2 PLATE I 1 Heterohelix glabrans (CUSHMAN), sample UK 75, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. uk 75 1). 2 Heterohelix striata (EHRENBERG), sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 6). 3 Globigerinelloides prairiehillensis PESSAGNO, ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 7). 4 Globigerinelloides subcarinata (BRONNIMANN), ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 8). 5 Hedbergella holmdelensis OLSSON, ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 9). 6 Globotruncana aegyptiaca NAKKADY, ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 10). 7 Globotruncana bulloides VOLGER, ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 13). 8 Archaeoglobigerina blowi PESSAGNO, ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 16). 9 Rugoglobigerina macrocephala BRONNIMANN, ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 17). 10 Rugoglobigerina rugosa (PLUMMER), ventral view, sample UK 80, Sudr Chalk, Maastrichtian (Deposit no. uk 80 18). 131 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm Ismail et al. PLATE I 132 Geologia Croatica 60/2 PLATE II 1–3 Planorotalites pseudomenardii (BOLLI), 1 – ventral view, sample UD 36, Southern Galala Formation, Mid- dle Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 36 1), 2 – dorsal view, sample UD 39, Southern Galala Formation, Late Pal- aeocene (Deposit no. ud 39 1), 3 – side view, sample UD 40, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 40 1). 4 Acarinina primitiva (FINLAY), ventral view, sample UD 38, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 38 1). 5, 6 Morozovella angulata (WHITE), 5 – dorsal view, sample UD 34, Southern Galala Formation, Middle Pal- aeocene (Deposit no. ud 34 1), 6 – ventral view, sample UD 39, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 39 2). 7 Morozovella cf. conicotruncata (SUBBOTINA), ventral view, sample UD 34, Southern Galala Formation, Middle Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 34 2). 8 Morozovella trinidadensis (BOLLI), ventral view, sample UD 37, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeo- cene (Deposit no. ud 37 2). 9 Morozovella uncinata (BOLLI), ventral view, sample UD 37, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 37 3). 10, 11 Globigerina triloculinoides PLUMMER, 10 – ventral view, sample UD 39, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 39 3), 11 – dorsal view, sample UD 39, Southern Galala Formation, Late Palaeo- cene (Deposit no. ud 39 4). 133 1 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ismail et al. PLATE II 134 Geologia Croatica 60/2 PLATE III 1–4, 6, 7, 11 Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC), 1–3 – external view, specimens from sample UD2, Gebel Thelmet For- mation, Campanian (Deposit no. ud 2 1, 2, 3), 4 – axial section, specimen from sample UD 3, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. ud 3 1), 6–7 – axial section, specimens from sample UK66, Gebel Thel- met Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. uk 66 1, 2), 11 – protochonch of Orbitoides media (ARCHIAC), sample UK66, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. uk 66 3). 5, 8–10 Omphalocyclus macropora (LAMARCK), 5 – axial section, specimen from sample UK 67, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. uk 67 1), 8 – axial section, specimen from sample UK 71, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. uk 71 1), 9 – axial section, specimen from sample UD 2, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. ud 2 5), 10 – equatorial section, specimen from sample UK 67, Gebel Thelmet Formation, Campanian (Deposit no. ud 67 2). 135 1 1 mm 2 3 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm1 mm 4 7 5 6 8 9 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 0.5 mm 10 11 Ismail et al. PLATE III 136 Geologia Croatica 60/2 PLATE IV 1, 2 Glomalveolina dachelensis (SCHWAGER), sample UD 22, Southern Galala Formation, Early?/Middle Pal- aeocene (Deposit no. ud 22 1, 2). 3 Nummulites cf. subramondi DE LA HARPE, axial section, specimen from sample UK 104, Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian (Deposit no. uk 104 1). 4–6 Miscellanea rhomboidea KUSS & LEPPIG, sample UD 22, Southern Galala Formation, Early?/Middle Pal- aeocene (Deposit no. ud 22 3,4,5). 7 Fabularia zitteli HOTTINGER, sample UD 42, Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian (Deposit no. ud 42 1). 8–9, 12 Alveolina pasticillata (SCHWAGER), 8 – near axial section, sample UK 104, Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian (Deposit no. uk 104 2), 9, 12 – near equatorial section, sample UK 104, Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian (Deposit no. uk 104 3, 4). 11 Fallotella (Fallotella) kochanskae persica HOTTINGER & DROBNE, sample SGY 22, Southern Galala Formation, Early?/Middle Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 22 6). 10, 14 Ethelia album (PFENDER), sample UK 104, Southern Galala Formation, Ypresian (Deposit no. uk 104 5,6). 13 Neomeris plagnensis DELOFFRE, sample UD 22, Southern Galala Formation, Early?/Middle Palaeocene (Deposit no. ud 22 7). 137 1 1 mm 3 2 5 7 8 9 6 4 10 11 12 13 14 Ismail et al. PLATE IV 138 Geologia Croatica 60/2