Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 3 2016 © 2016 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to copy and distribute, see the following page or visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information. Email inquiries to GIW@utahgeology.org. LATE CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY AND VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF THE MARKAGUNT, PAUNSAUGUNT, AND KAIPAROWITS PLATEAUS, SOUTHERN UTAH Alan L. Titus, Jeffrey G. Eaton, and Joseph Sertich A Field Guide Prepared For SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY Annual Meeting, October 26 – 29, 2016 Grand America Hotel Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Post-Meeting Field Trip October 30–November 1, 2016 GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Production Cover Design and Desktop Publishing Douglas A. Sprinkel Cover View looking west over the Blues from the upper view point along Utah SR 12. The lower 400 m of the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation is seen from this view as well as the pink and and white cliffs of the Paleocene–Eocene Claron Formation. i 2016 President Bill Loughlin bill@loughlinwater.com 435.649.4005 2016 President-Elect Paul Inkenbrandt paulinkenbrandt@utah.gov 801.537.3361 2016 Program Chair Andrew Rupke andrewrupke@utah.gov 801.537.3366 2016 Treasurer Robert Ressetar rrgeology@gmail.com 801.949.3312 2016 Secretary Tom Nicolaysen tnicolaysen@utah.gov 801.538.5360 2016 Past-President Jason Blake blake-j@comcast.net 435.658.3423 UGA Board UGA Committees Education/Scholarship Loren Morton lmorton@utah.gov 801.536.4262 Environmental Affairs Craig Eaton eaton@ihi-env.com 801.633.9396 Geologic Road Sign Terry Massoth twmassoth@hotmail.com 801.541.6258 Historian Paul Anderson paul@pbageo.com 801.364.6613 Membership Rick Ford rford@weber.edu 801.626.6942 Public Education Paul Jewell pwjewell@mines.utah.edu 801.581.6636 Matt Affolter gfl247@yahoo.com Publications Roger Bon rogerbon@xmission.com 801.942.0533 Publicity Paul Inkenbrandt paulinkenbrandt@utah.gov 801.537.3361 Social/Recreation Roger Bon rogerbon@xmission.com 801.942.0533 AAPG House of Delegates 2016-2018 Term Craig Morgan craigmorgan@utah.gov 801.422.3761 State Mapping Advisory Committe UGA Representative Jason Blake blake-j@comcast.net 435.658.3423 UGA Newsletter Newsletter Editor Bob Biek bobbiek@utah.gov 801.537.3356 UGA Website www.utahgeology.org Webmasters Paul Inkenbrandt paulinkenbrandt@utah.gov 801.537.3361 Lance Weaver lanceweaver@utah.gov 801.403.1636 Become a member of the UGA to help support the work of the Association and receive notices for monthly meetings, annual field conferences, and new publi- cations. Annual membership is $20 and annual student membership is only $5. Visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information and membership application. The UGA board is elected annually by a voting process through UGA Members. However, the UGA is a volunteer driven organization, and we welcome your voluntary service. If you would like to participate please contact the current president or committee member corresponding with the area in which you would like to volunteer. Utah Geological Association formed in 1970 from a merger of the Utah Geological Society, founded in 1946, and the Intermountain Association of Geologists, founded in 1949. Affiliated with the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Volume 3 2016 This is an open-access article in which the Utah Geological Association permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of text and figures that are not noted as copyrighted, provided the original author and source are credited. Earthquake Safety Committe Chair Grant Willis gwillis@utah.gov 801.537.3355 Douglas A. Sprinkel Utah Geological Survey 801.391.1977 GIW@utahgeology.org Bart J. Kowallis Brigham Young University 801.422.2467 bkowallis@gmail.com Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr. Utah Geological Survey 801.537.3364 tomchidsey@utah.gov Steven Schamel GeoX Consulting, Inc. 801.583-1146 geox-slc@comcast.net Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Editors James I. Kirkland (Editor-in-Chief) — Utah Geological Survey ReBecca Hunt-Foster — Bureau of Land Management Greg McDonald — Bureau of Land Management Martha Hayden — Utah Geological Survey Editors GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 3 2016 229 ABSTRACT The Late Cretaceous succession of southern Utah was deposited in an active foreland basin circa 100 to 70 million years ago. Thick siliciclastic units represent a variety of marine, coastal, and alluvial plain environments, but are dominantly terrestrial, and also highly fossiliferous. Conditions for vertebrate fos- sil preservation appear to have optimized in alluvial plain settings more distant from the coast, and so in general the locus of good preservation of diverse assemblages shifts eastward through the Late Cretaceous. The Middle and Late Campanian record of the Paunsaugunt and Kaiparowits Plateau regions is especially good, exhibiting common soft tissue preservation, and comparable with that of the contemporaneous Ju- dith River and Belly River Groups to the north. Collectively the Cenomanian through Campanian strata of southern Utah hold one of the most complete single region terrestrial vertebrate fossil records in the world. Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Alan L. Titus1, Jeffrey G. Eaton2, and Joseph Sertich3 1 Bureau of Land Management, Grand Staircase-Esclanate National Monument, Kanab, UT 84741; atitus@blm.gov 2 Natural History Museum of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108; jeaton@weber.edu 3 Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO 80205; joe.sertich@dmns.org Citation for this article. Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J., 2016, Late Cretaceous stratigraphy and vertebrate faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, southern Utah: Geology of the Intermountain West, v. 3, p. 229–291. © 2016 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to use, copy, or distribute see the preceeding page or the UGA website, www.utahgeology.org, for information. Email inquiries to GIW@utahgeology.org. INTRODUCTION The primary purpose of this field trip is to high- light the Late Cretaceous vertebrate paleontology and stratigraphy of southern Utah. This is a daunting task in three days and at best this can only be an overview of what is easily accessible along the road from Cedar City to Escalante (figure 1). The emphasis of this trip is on the terrestrial faunas and facies (figure 2), although the marine Tropic Shale and its fauna will also be ex- amined. There are many other road logs available that highlight broader aspects of the geology of the region and these include Eaton and others (2001), Biek (2014), Knudsen and Biek (2014), and we have borrowed richly from these. This region has also been recently mapped by Biek and others (2015) and we make constant ref- erence to that exhaustive study. Vertebrate faunal lists for Cretaceous formations and members, organized by plateau, are presented in the appendix. Overview of Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Paleontology, Southwestern Utah Upper Cretaceous strata crop out (figure 2) across an almost continuous 210-km-wide band between the Hurricane fault system (west) and the southeast edge of the Kaiparowits Plateau. Scattered outcrops of Late Cre- taceous strata also occur west of the Hurricane fault sys- tem around the Pine Valley Mountains, Gunlock Res- ervoir, and Parowan Gap. All of the rock units in these exposures were deposited within the Western Interior www.utahgeology.org 230 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 basin (figure 3) between late Albian and Maastrichtian time, during the Sevier and early Laramide phases of the North American Cordilleran orogeny (figure 3). As a generalization, the southern Utah Cretaceous section is mostly terrestrial in the western half, and to the east, mixed marine-terrestrial in the lower half and domi- nantly terrestrial in the upper half (figure 4). The Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Kaiparowits Pla- teau, which has become the framework for most of the region, was established by Gregory and Moore (1931), Lawrence (1965), Peterson (1969), and Eaton (1991). The general stratigraphic section is similar throughout the region, but there are some marked facies changes in formations, mostly trending east-west (figure 4). Paleontological investigations of these outcrops were initiated by the Powell Survey starting in the 1870s. However, during the subsequent 100 years, the region lay largely unnoticed by vertebrate paleontolo- gists, who were content to work in other, more immedi- ately gratifying, and easily accessed regions. This started to change in the 1970s when crews from the Universi- ty of Utah and Brigham Young University began pros- pecting the fossil-rich badlands of the Late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation for vertebrates with good re- sults (Weishampel and Jensen, 1979; DeCourten and Russell, 1985). Soon after, J. Eaton and R. Cifelli began long term collaborative investigations on the microver- tebrate faunas of the Kaiparowits Basin (e.g., Cifelli and Eaton, 1987; Cifelli, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c, 1990d; Eaton, 1993a, 1993b, 1995), emphasizing mammalian evolu- tion and biostratigraphy. Eaton and Cifelli were the first researchers to intensively sample the entire Late Creta- ceous terrestrial record for vertebrates, and it was their work that led to recognition of the exceptional continu- ity and quality of the Kaiparowits’ vertebrate fossil re- cord. Among other things, the region can claim to yield Figure 1. Google Earth image of area covered by this road log. Numbers refer to stops in the road log. MP=Markagunt Pla- teau, PP=Paunsaugunt Plateau. 231 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 diverse terrestrial vertebrate faunas from every stage of the Late Cretaceous except the Maastrichtian. When supplemented by the emerging understanding of the adjacent Paunsaugunt and Markagunt Plateaus, this re- cord becomes truly exceptional, with nearly continuous sampling possible for a 26-million-year time span (ca 100–74 Ma) in facies ranging from shallow marine and coastal plain to alluvial fan (figure 4). The establishment of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) by presidential proc- lamation on September 18, 1996, led to the need for assessment of condition and significance of all known fossil sites so that a management framework could be built with the latest and most accurate data. Toward this end, the Monument formed a partnership with the Utah Geological Survey, who initiated field studies in early 1998. One of the results of this work (Foster and others, 2001) was the realization that many areas within GSENM with high potential for fossils had never been adequately surveyed. As a direct result, a key manage- ment plan decision was formed that required ongoing annual inventory of geological formations with poten- tial to produce significant fossils (GSENM Management Plan, 2000: PAL-1). After the Monument Management Plan was put into practice, the Monument-Utah Geological Survey Figure 2. Map showing Cretaceous outcrops in southern Utah. Also shown are major structural features, landforms, loca- tion of measured sections, and type sections for the Tropic (T), Straight Cliffs (SC), Wahweap (W), and Kaiparowits (K) Formations and the type sections for the Tibbet Canyon (TC), Smoky Hollow (SH), John Henry (JH), and Drip Tank (DT) Members of the Straight Cliffs Formation. Abbreviations as follows: GR – Gunlock Reservoir; PVM – Pine Valley Mountains; HF – Hurricane fault; SF – Sevier fault; PP – Paunsaugunt Plateau; PF – Paunsaugunt fault; EKM – East Kaibab monocline; ECM – Echo Cliffs monocline; WF – Waterpocket fold. Modified from Titus and others (2013). 232 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 partnership was expanded to include the Natural His- tory Museum of Utah (NHMU; formerly named the Utah Museum of Natural History [UMNH]) and the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) with the inten- tion to intensively survey the Late Cretaceous section of the Kaiparowits Basin region, emphasizing macrover- tebrates. A number of articulated or associated speci- mens of dinosaurs or other macrovertebrates were doc- umented the first year of this effort in 2000. The first new dinosaur taxon named from the Kaiparowits Basin, Hagryphus giganteus (Zanno and Sampson, 2005), was based on a partial articulated skeleton of a large ovirap- torid collected by the NHMU. Subsequently, 11 other new dinosaur taxa have been named from the Kaipa- rowits Basin. Intensive recent efforts by the Denver Mu- seum of Nature & Science begun in 2011 have focused largely on the Wahweap and Kaiparowits Formations underscoring a rare modern model of collaboration be- tween major U.S. institutions (e.g., NHMU, MNA, and others) and GSENM land managers. The marine mac- rovertebrate record continues to expand as well, with at least five taxa of plesiosaur and a mosasaur (the region’s first) discovered and/or published since 1996. Perhaps most importantly, synthesis of the area’s outstanding macrofloral record is also underway, which will pro- vide an extremely robust ecological framework within which to place the various vertebrate species. Also oc- curring in the last 20 years was the expansion of Eaton’s original Kaiparowits Plateau work into the Markagunt and Paunsaugunt Plateaus, and the western peripher- al outcrops of the Iron Springs Formation (e.g., Eaton, 1999b). The most recent summary of available faunal data for the region’s Late Cretaceous succession is found in the 2013 dated Indiana University Press volume “At the Top of the Grand Staircase—The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah,” edited by Titus and Loewen (2013) and much of the appendix is derived from that work. DAY 1: CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF CEDAR CANYON, WESTERN MARKAGUNT PLATEAU 0.0 miles – Set trip odometer to 0 at intersection of State Road (SR) 130 (Main Street) and SR 14 (Center Street), Cedar City. 0.4 miles – Cross the Hurricane fault system. This marks the boundary between the Colorado Plateau to the east and Basin and Range Province to the west. The Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation is evident here. 0.9 miles – Prominent hogback of the resistant Shi- narump Member of the Triassic Chinle Formation. 1.0 miles – Normal fault and lower Chinle strata (purple and gray mudstones) exposed. 1.2 miles – The sequence visible to the north in- cludes the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle (Up- per Triassic), the Dinosaur Canyon Member of the Moenave Formation (Upper Triassic and Lower Juras- sic), the Springdale Sandstone Member and main body Figure 3. Map showing relationship of the Cordilleran thrust belt (i.e., Sevier fold and thrust belt) with the adjacent Sevier foreland basin or Cretaceous Western Interior basin. From Titus and others (2013). 233 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 of the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic), and the base of the Navajo Sandstone (Lower Jurassic). 1.8 miles – Contact of the Navajo Sandstone and the overlying Co-op Creek Limestone Member of the Car- mel Formation (Middle Jurassic). 2.0 miles – Folded and deformed gypsiferous part of Carmel Formation. 3.4 miles – STOP 1. CEDAR MOUNTAIN, NATU- RITA (DAKOTA), AND TROPIC FORMATIONS: In Cedar Canyon, basal Cretaceous beds rest unconform- ably (figure 5) on the Middle Jurassic Winsor Member of the Carmel Formation (Biek and others, 2015). Pre- viously, the entire Cretaceous section below the Trop- ic Shale in Cedar Canyon was referred to the Dakota Formation (e.g., Eaton and others, 1999a). However, re- cent mapping has referred the basal conglomerate and lower 15 to 20 m of variegated, pastel colored smectitic Figure 4. Generalized cross section of Cretaceous rocks covered in this road log showing relative chronostratigraphic rela- tionships and stratigraphic position of field trip stops (numbered). No vertical thickness implied. Blue color indicates marine facies. Abbreviations as follows: PER – Period; PALEOG – Paleogene; STA – Stage; M – Maastrichtian; Sa – Santonian; Co – Coniacian; Tur – Turonian; Cen – Cenomanian; Berrias – Berriasian; Bajoc-Tith – Bajocian to Tithonian; T.M. SS – Tarantula Mesa Sandstone; Upp – Upper; Mid-Middle; MP – Markagunt Plateau; PP – Paunsaugunt Plateau; KP – Kaiparowits Plateau; HB – Henry Mountains basin. 234 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 mudstone (these units are not clearly evident in figure 6), which rests unconformably on the bleached sand- stones of the Middle Jurassic Winsor Member of the Carmel Formation, to the Cedar Mountain Formation. The overlying more tan, brown, and gray colored suc- cession is now referred (Kirkland and others, 2016) to the Naturita Formation (figure 6). Dating of the Cedar Mountain beds in the Markagunt Plateau region has been somewhat problematic; no radiometric ages older than early Cenomanian have been obtained, yet paly- nomorph data suggests a late Albian age (Biek, 2015). Regardless, this interval largely correlates with the Mus- sentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation in its type area (Kirkland and others, 2016). The Cedar Mountain is overlain by the middle and upper Ceno- manian Naturita Formation (formerly Dakota, [Young, 1960; Carpenter, 2014; Kirkland and others, 2016]) (figures 5 and 6), the lower portion of which is non-ma- rine. The upper portion of the Naturita is paralic and age equivalent to the lower portion of the Tropic Shale in the Kaiparowits Basin. Overall, the Naturita is much thicker in the Markagunt region probably because of higher subsidence rates nearer to the fold and thrust belt. The non-marine part of the Naturita has produced an extensive microvertebrate fauna simply by washing a single road cut (Eaton, 2009, see appendix). Extensive research on the paleontology of the Naturita in this area remains to be done. The marine part of the Naturita Formation in Cedar Canyon has been critical to studies of Milankovitch cycles in the Western Interior Seaway (Laurin and Sageman, 2001, 2007; Tibert and others, 2003) and the Cretaceous anoxic event, OAE 2 (Barclay and others, 2010). In Cedar Canyon, the Tropic Shale ranges from 0 to 10 m thick. The ammonites Fagesia catinus and Watinoceras sp. have been found in the forma- tion indicating it is entirely Turonian in age, with the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary occurring essential- ly just below its base (Eaton and others, 1999a; Tibert and others, 2003). The Tropic fauna by volume con- sists mostly of inoceramid bivalves and other mollusks. Shark teeth or other vertebrate remains are rather rare and no reptilian fauna has been reported, although tur- tle remains are found in the underlying paralic portion of the upper Naturita Formation associated with oysters and other brackish water mollusks (Joyce and others, 2016). 5.4 miles – Maple Canyon to the north. Detailed studies of the brackish to marine history of the upper Naturita Formation, the very thin Tropic Shale, and the Tibbet Canyon Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation Figure 5. Stratigraphic column for Cretaceous rocks in Ce- dar Canyon. Numbers correspond with field trip stops in the road log. Abbreviations as follows in ascending order: CA – Carmel; W – Winsor Member; CM – Cedar Mountain; T – Tropic; Smoky Hol – Smoky Hollow; DT – Drip Tank; C – capping sandstone; G – Grand Castle; Km – Cretaceous beds on Markagunt (= lowermost Kaiparowits Formation); CL – Claron; L – Lower; M – Middle; U – Upper. 235 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 has been undertaken here by Eaton and others (2001), Laurin and Sagemen (2001, 2007), and Tibert and oth- ers (2003). 5.8 miles – STOP 2. UMNH VP LOCALITY 162: Outcrops in this road cut have yielded microverte- brates, including mammals (faunal list in appendix; fig- ure 7), through blind washing methods (Eaton, 2009). The mammalian fauna here includes a multituberculate (Dakotamys malcolmi) that is identical to the taxon re- covered from late Cenomanian UMNH VP locality 27 on Bulldog Bench along the eastern margin of the Paun- saugunt Plateau. However, Eoalphadon woodburnei (fig- ure 8) appears distinctly more primitive than species of Eoalphadon recovered from UMNH VP locality 27 and may suggest that the Naturita Formation here could be slightly older than the fauna from Bulldog Bench, pos- sibly middle Cenomanian. 6.3 miles – Normal fault brings the Tibbet Canyon Member to the road level. 6.9 miles – After crossing bridge to the right, out- crop exposes Tibbet Canyon Member against coal and mudstone beds of the Naturita Formation. 8.1 miles – Contact between Tropic Shale and ver- tical outcrops of the Tibbet Canyon Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation (figure 9) in road cut. The Tropic Shale is overlain by a very thick (190 m) section of late early to middle Turonian Tibbet Canyon. This marine to marginal marine section and contains abun- dant brackish and marine mollusks (Eaton and others, 2001). 10.2 miles – Contact between the Tibbet Canyon Member and the basal coal beds of what we have iden- tified as Smoky Hollow Member. See discussion in Stop 3 about identification, correlation, and nomenclature of the members of the Straight Cliffs Formation. 10.6 miles (just past milepost 11) – STOP 3. STRAIGHT CLIFFS FORMATION: In general, rec- ognizing the standard four members of the Straight Cliffs Formation in the Markagunt region is difficult, as compared to the type sections in the Kaiparowits Pla- teau (figure 2). As Biek and others (2015) have done the most recent and extensive fieldwork in the region, Figure 6. Looking north at Naturita (Dakota) – Tibbet Canyon Member section. Annotated by Jiri Laurin (Institute for Geo- physics at the Czech Academy of Sciences). 236 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 we are following their terminology. In general, here the Tibbet Canyon Member, the lower portion of which is age equivalent to the upper portion of the Tropic Shale in the Kaiparowits region, is much thicker, and the John Henry Member in the Markagunt has almost none of the paralic character seen at its type section; more close- ly resembling the Iron Springs Formation. At this stop, the base of the Smoky Hollow Member contains common brackish water gastropods described by Hoffman (2005; locality “Jeff ’s Snail Slope”). Many of these gastropods are identical to those found in the lower Smoky Hollow Member along SR 12 at the east side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau in Bryce Canyon Na- tional Park (the Glory Cove fauna). The brackish water invertebrate fauna here is mostly mollusks, but fora- minifera and ostracods have been recovered from just above the Tibbet Canyon Member (UMNH VP locali- ty 66) just west of the Southern Utah University (SUU) center. Hoffman (2005) considered the gastropod fauna to be late middle Turonian. At UMNH VP locality 66, very low in the Smoky Hollow Member, abundant rhi- nobatoid teeth and other fish teeth have been recovered (Eaton and others, 1999). The Smoky Hollow brackish section here is 54 m thick, much thicker than on the Kaiparowits Plateau indicating that subsidence rates are still higher in the Markagunt Plateau area (Eaton and others, 1999). The remaining upper part of the Smoky Hollow Member (53 m) consists of fluvial channel and floodplain deposits. No fossils have yet been recovered from the upper fluvial sequence. The John Henry Member here consists of variegated floodplain deposits and meandering river sandstones. In its type area, the Smoky Hollow Member is usually capped by a distinctive thick and laterally continuous conglomerate referred to as the Calico bed. Overlying the Calico is the base of the John Henry. In the Mark- agunt Plateau, locally there is a sandy discontinuous conglomeratic unit 107 m above the base of the Smoky Hollow that may be an equivalent to the Calico bed. Unfortunately, since it is discontinuous in the Cedar Figure 7. Looking across SR 14 at lower Naturita (Dakota) Formation (UMNH VP locality 162). 237 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Figure 8. Stereo pair photo of a specimen of the metatherian Eoalphadon woodburnei recovered from UMNH VP locality 162. Specimen is approximately 3 mm in horizontal length. Figure 9. Contact of Tropic Shale and the Tibbet Canyon Member on south side of road in landslide area along SR 14. 238 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Canyon area, the boundary between the two members can be difficult to recognize. The road on SUU property across from the center leads to ridges that have much better exposures of the Straight Cliffs Formation than is seen in Cedar Canyon. There, localities provide important age controls on the section, including UMNH VP localities 8 and 9 (verte- brate faunal list in appendix). Well above the base (115 m and 150 m, respectively) of the John Henry Member are two localities, UMNH VP 9 and UMNH VP 8 (Eaton and others, 1999, 2001; Eaton, 2006a). Both of these lie well below a horizon with an 40Ar/39Ar date, taken on euhedral biotite, of 86.72 ± 0.58 Ma (Eaton and oth- ers, 1999) corrected to 87.28 Ma in Albright and Titus (2016), suggesting a Coniacian (or older) age for these localities (see faunal lists in appendix). UMNH VP lo- cality 8 contains abundant freshwater sharks which may represent the Coniacian transgression. These are the only freshwater sharks or rays found in the entire sec- tion in Cedar Canyon. No age-diagnostic fossils have yet been recovered above the horizon with the radio- metric date and below the Drip Tank Member in which the age of the John Henry Member would presumably be Santonian. UMNH VP locality 9, the stratigraphical- ly lowest vertebrate locality has produced a small fauna that includes marsupial and multituberculate teeth, but the producing horizon has never been located (Eaton, 2006a). UMNH VP locality 8 contains abundant fresh- water shark teeth and rare mammalian specimens in- cluding the multituberculate Cedaromys and fragments of eutherian molars (Eaton, 2006a). Much more work needs to be done on these localities as well as prospect- ing for additional localities. The uppermost member of the Straight Cliffs For- mation is the Drip Tank Member (Santonian, see Al- bright and Titus, 2016) on the Kaiparowits Plateau (Pe- terson, 1969). Moore and Straub (2001) suggested that a conglomerate found 457 m above the top of the Tibbet Canyon Member is the Drip Tank Member. Along SR 14 in Cedar Canyon, this conglomerate is only a few meters thick and Eaton (in Eaton and others, 2001, fig- ure 5) placed a question mark next to the Drip Tank in the stratigraphic column. Biek and others (2015) in- dicate the same conglomerate is 30 m thick just to the south. Edward Sable (U.S. Geological Survey, written communication, 1994), Moore and Straub (2001), and Biek (2015) claimed to have traced the unit around the southern margin of the plateau to Long Valley where they correlate it with what was previously referred to as the lower member of the Grand Castle Formation. 10.9 miles – A conglomerate that crops out on the north side of the road (as much as 12 m thick) is thought to possibly represent the Calico bed, but identification/ correlation is uncertain because it is not laterally con- tinuous. 12.6 miles – Typical outcrops of John Henry Mem- ber equivalent rocks are in the road cuts. Notes these include variegated mudstone and thin sandstone; how- ever, in this area, the section is dominated by mudstone. Macrovertebrate remains are known from the John Henry on the Markagunt Plateau, and a partial, small articulated coelurosaur-grade theropod was recovered from north of Cedar Canyon many years ago. This specimen remains undescribed. If the outcrops were more extensive, it is likely that macrovertebrate remains would be found much more frequently. 12.8 miles – Outcrop of a thin pebbly conglomer- ate considered to represent the Drip Tank Member (see discussion under STOP 3 above). This conglomerate does appear to be laterally continuous and is thicker elsewhere. Biek and others (2015) consider this sand- stone to be equivalent to the lower conglomeratic mem- ber of the Grand Castle Formation in Parowan Canyon. 13.0 miles – STOP 4. LOWER WAHWEAP FOR- MATION-UMNH VP LOCALITY 10: Drive a short distance and walk down to UMNH VP locality 10 (fig- ure 10). UMNH VP locality 10 (see faunal list in appen- dix) is located 21 m above the Drip Tank conglomerate. The site contains some taxa (see appendix) similar to those previously recovered from the Santonian part of the John Henry Member (Cimolomys sp.) or the San- tonian Milk River Formation of Canada (Picopsis sp.) (Eaton, 2006a). One taxon (Cimolodon similis) has been recovered both from the Milk River and the Wahweap Formations and two taxa (Symmetrodontoides sp. cf. S. foxi and Cimolodon sp. cf. C. nitidus) are almost iden- 239 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 tical to those recovered from the Wahweap Formation (Eaton, 2006a). This suggests a fauna transitional be- tween that of the John Henry Member and the Wah- weap Formation. However, based on stratigraphic cor- relation this locality is most likely late early Campanian. The Wahweap in the type area has thick laterally accret- ed sandstone bodies and drab organic-rich floodplain mudstone beds (Eaton, 1991). The sequence above the Drip Tank Member in Cedar Canyon is 290 m thick and is dominated by variegated light-colored mudstone and isolated sandstone bodies representing meandering riv- ers (Eaton and others, 2001); as is much of the section beneath the Drip Tank Member in Cedar Canyon. For this reason (and others discussed below) Eaton and oth- ers (2001, figure 5) placed a question mark next to Wah- weap in the stratigraphic column. To emphasize the uncertain identification, Eaton has sometimes applied the term “Formation of Cedar Canyon” (e.g., Roček and others, 2013, figure 12.3) for this part of the stratigraph- ic section. Titus and others (2013, figure 2.7) consid- ered this part of the section to represent the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation. The interpre- tation of Biek and others (2015) for the upper portion of the Cretaceous sections is followed here. 40Ar/39Ar dates of 80.6 and 79.9 Ma (Jinnah and others, 2009; Jin- nah, 2013) from low in the Wahweap Formation on the Kaiparowits Plateau and paleomagnetic sections from the formation (Albright and Titus, 2016) indicate that in the Kaiparowits Plateau region there is a significant unconformity between the Drip Tank Member and the overlying Wahweap Formation such that strata of the lower Campanian are missing. If the unit in Cedar Can- yon is actually a western equivalent of the Wahweap, perhaps the lower Campanian strata are present in this area. Future research involving radiometric dating and paleomagnetic studies would be most helpful in resolv- ing this issue. 0.0 miles (restart mileage). 1.0 miles – Note fine-grained variegated mudstone beds of the Wahweap Formation, which are essentially indistinguishable from those of the John Henry Mem- ber in Cedar Canyon. 1.3 miles – Turnoff to Webster Flats. Here the white sandstone (figure 11) is considered to represent the cap- ping sandstone member (as defined by Eaton, 1991) of the Wahweap Formation used by Pollock (1999) and Lawton and others (2003), but this interpretation is not universal (see discussion below under STOP 5). The sandstone consists largely of reworked Navajo Sand- stone. It has not yielded any identifiable vertebrate fos- sils but does contain the molds of plant material in iron concretions and on bedding planes. 1.4 miles – STOP 5. UMNH VP LOCALITY 11: This locality lies at the very top of the Wahweap Formation in Cedar Canyon (267 m above UMNH VP locality 10, Eaton, 2006a). It has a very enigmatic fauna with “pe- diomyids” similar to those of the Santonian Milk River Formation but also with a taxon (Meniscoessus sp. cf. M. intermedius) closer to known taxa of the Wahweap Formation or even Judithian faunas. The locality also contains an anuran (Nezpercius dodsoni) that has only been recovered in southwestern Utah from the Wahweap (Gardner and Demar, 2013). High in the Cretaceous section above the Wahweap, Nichols (1977) reported the recovery of no palynomorphs younger than Santonian, which supports the interpretation of Titus and others (2013); however, Lawton and others (2003) reported a distinctly middle Campanian paly- Figure 10. Josep San Juan Girbau (American University, Beirut) at UMNH VP locality 10. 240 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 nomorph (Dyadonapites reticulatus) from the capping sandstone member at the Webster Flat exposures (see below) and this is the probable age for these beds. The about 60-m-thick quartz arenite sandstone, ex- posed at the Webster Flat turnoff from SR 14 (mile 1.3), lies immediately above the variegated floodplain depos- its of the Wahweap Formation containing UMNH VP locality 11. This unit has been variously referred to the Kaiparowits(?) Formation (Moore and Straub, 2001), the middle member of the Grand Castle Formation (Goldstrand, 1991, 1992) and the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation (Pollock, 1999; Lawton and others, 2003). Eaton and others (2001) used the noncommittal term “white sandstone” for this sand- stone body. We are in agreement with Biek and others (2015) that this unit is indeed the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation. The complexity of this area of been recently exam- ined during mapping of the region by Biek and others (2015). This mapping necessarily involved trying to re- solve the complex relationship between outcrops in Ce- dar Canyon and those in Parowan Canyon, which is the next major canyon 20 to 30 km to the north. Parowan Canyon is floored by a Cretaceous sequence of tabular sandstone beds separated by thin mudstone beds pre- viously mapped as Iron Springs Formation (mapping that Eaton still thinks was correct) that has now been mapped as John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation in Biek and others (2015). Two localities, UMNH VP 6 and VP 64 (Eaton and others, 2001, figure 5) are known from the Iron Springs/John Henry Mem- ber of Parowan Canyon, and although UMNH VP 64 was relatively rich in non-mammalian vertebrates none of those specimens have yet been described. Overlying the Iron Springs/John Henry Member in Parowan Canyon is the Grand Castle Formation of Figure 11. Capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation, Websters Flat turnoff. 241 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Goldstrand (1991, 1992) and Goldstrand and Mul- lett (1997). It rest on a deeply weathered surface on top of the Iron Springs/John Henry Member, enough of an unconformity that Goldstrand (1991, 1992) and Goldstrand and Mullett (1997) suggested a Paleogene age for the Grand Castle. The Grand Castle Formation was originally divided into three members. The middle sandstone member of the Grand Castle was shown to be Cretaceous by the discovery of dinosaur tracks by Hunt and others (2011) and palynomorphs reported by Biek and others (2015). The underlying lower conglom- eratic member of the Grand Castle has been correlated in Biek and others (2015) to the Drip Tank Member in Cedar Canyon and assigned to that member. Biek and others (2015) correlated the few tens of meters of the lower middle sandstone member of the Grand Castle Formation in Parowan Canyon 20 km away to the 290 m of the Wahweap Formation underlying the capping sandstone member (figure 12) and the rest of the mid- dle member directly to the capping sandstone member. This represents a remarkable thickening of capping sandstone member (formerly, the middle member of the Grand Castle Formation) from Parowan Canyon to Cedar Canyon, whereas the lower unit thins from 30 to 41 m or less. This geometric problem has not been resolved and much more work needs to be done on the relationships of the Cretaceous sequence in Parowan and Cedar Canyons. 0.0 miles – restart mileage. 0.7 to 0.8 miles – Still traveling in the capping sand- stone. Upper portion of this mapped unit here contains poorly exposed pebble and cobble conglomerates that are similar to those observed at the top of the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation in the western Paunsaugunt Plateau (Hillsdale Canyon) and represent distal equivalents of the Grand Castle Forma- tion. The Grand Castle as now defined is about 55 m thick in Parowan Canyon and thins into Cedar Canyon where it is variable in thickness from 0 to 8 m. 1.1 to 1.3 miles – Road cuts are in a unit (as much as 60 m thick) that Biek and others (2015) mapped as “Km” (Cretaceous strata on the Markagunt Plateau). This series of sandstone, mudstone, and siltstone beds overlie the coarse conglomeratic facies at the top of the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Forma- tion and underlies the base of the Claron Formation (Paleogene). Importantly, this interval contains abun- dant black chert lithics and minor feldspar, which are virtually absent in the underlying capping sandstone member. Biek and others (2015) state (p. 151) that “the stratigraphic position of the Km unit precludes it be- ing Santonian in age.” We agree even though Nichols (1977) reported Santonian palynomorphs from this same interval. Biek and others (2015) reassessed the palynomorphs from the Km beds and reported late Campanian to Maastrichtian taxa, which agrees better with the current lithostratigraphic correlations. A very similar interval was mapped by Biek and others (2015) above the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation in Hillsdale Canyon on the west side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau as Kwcg (pebbly sandstone unit of the Wahweap above the capping sandstone) and Kkl (lower unit of the Kaiparowits Formation—see Biek and others, 2015; figure 28, in which Kwu = Kkl). These are mostly likely facies variations within the lower Kaipa- rowits depositional system that arise where approach- ing the thrust belt and expanding the section. 1.4 miles – Basal Claron Formation (Eocene) in road cut. Figure 12. UMNH VP locality 11, upper Wahweap Forma- tion below the capping sandstone member. 242 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 3.5 miles – Intersection with SR 148 to Cedar Breaks. 5.7 miles – Cinder cone and basalts of the Mark- agunt Plateau volcanic field which erupted from latest Pliocene through the Pleistocene and possibly into the Holocene (Johnson and others, 2010). 9.0 miles – Claron Formation to left and Navajo Lake to the right which formed as a result of basalts damming the drainage. 19.2 miles – Claron Formation outcrops which con- tain abundant trace fossils described in Bown and oth- ers (1997). 21.7 miles – Short Canyon turnoff. 22.3 miles – Mile 38 sign post. 22.7 miles – Outcrop to right is the basal Brian Head Formation (late Eocene). This blind wash lo- cality (UMNH VP locality 1085, IP locality 186) has produced rodent teeth, ostracods, ray teeth, and mis- cellaneous fragments of fish. Initially, this locality was thought to be part of the Claron Formation by Eaton and others (2011) and they reported the mammals and ostracods from this locality to be from the Claron For- mation. Subsequent location of a thin pebble conglom- erate (the Boat Mesa Conglomerate) below this white unit demonstrates that it is instead part of the Brian Head Formation and not the Claron. 23.0 miles – Claron outcrop in road cut. 23.3 miles – Outcrops of Brian Head Formation (figure 13). 23.4 miles – Claron Formation. The lithology of the Claron in this area is unusual with abundant fine- grained, soft, pastel-colored beds of brown quartzose sandstone, and white carbonate beds. These lithologies are exposed for the next 16 km northward on U.S. High- way 89. The only bone fragments recovered from the Claron Formation anywhere are from these outcrops of brown sandstone. 25.1 miles – Junction SR 14 and US 89, Long Valley Junction. Driving north from the junction, the upper part of the Claron Formation is exposed in the road cuts. 34.5 miles – Driving on top of the Claron Forma- tion, hills above the white carbonate are made of the lower Brian Head Formation. 35.5 miles – STOP 6. OVERVIEW OF THE PAUN- SAUGUNT PLATEAU: To the east is the western mar- gin of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. The Sevier normal fault exposes the Cretaceous section consisting of the upper Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations. Here, the John Henry Member consists dominantly of fluvial sandstone with almost no mudstone. This Cretaceous block is separated from the Claron Formation to the east by another fault, the Sand Pass fault. These faults merge just south of Hillsdale Canyon (major canyon to the north) where overlying the capping sandstone member (figure 14) of the Wahweap Formation, Biek and others (2015) delineated the following succession: Kwcg (pebbly sandstone unit in the Wahweap Forma- tion), Kkl (lower unit of the Kaiparowits Formation), and Kk (typical Kaiparowits Formation). The Hillsdale section is critical for understanding correlations of the upper portion of the Cretaceous section between Figure 13. Outcrop of the late Eocene Brian Head Formation showing the quarry horizon in 2011. 243 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Fi gu re 1 4. U pp er C re ta ce ou s s tr at ig ra ph ic co lu m ns fo r t he P au ns au gu nt an d K ai pa ro w its p la te au s. A bb re vi at io ns as fo llo w s: C L – C la ro n; G C – G ra nd C as tle ; C A – C ar m el ; C -N – C ed ar M ou nt ai n an d N at ur ita ; L – L ow er ; M – M id dl e; C w g – pe bb ly sa nd st on e u ni t o f t he W ah w ea p; K kl – lo w er u ni t o f th e K ai pa ro w its ; K k – ty pi ca l K ai pa ro w its ; D T – D rip T an k; S H – S m ok y H ol lo w ; T C – T ib be t C an yo n; U – U pp er ; W – W in so r; C P – C an aa n Pe ak ; EN – E nt ra da ; C S – ca pp in g sa nd st on e; H S – H en rie vi lle S an ds to ne . S ee fi gu re 2 fo r g en er al lo ca tio n of se ct io ns . 244 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 the Markagunt and Kaiparowits Plateaus. The capping sandstone member is overlain there by a conglomerate identical in character to that of the upper Grand Castle Formation, which is in turn overlain by sandstones that increase upsection in black chert lithic content, more typical of the Kaiparowits Formation. The overall coars- er grain content of what are mapped as Kaiparowits Formation equivalents is largely due to its proximity to the fold and thrust belt. The lower portion of the section, including the Ce- dar Mountain, Naturita, Tropic Shale, and lower Straight Cliffs Formations, are well exposed around Glendale and Orderville, farther south. In general, because of the higher altitude and associated plant cover, the out- crops on the Paunsaugunt are not as extensive as they are on the Kaiparowits, but are generally more fossilif- erous with vertebrates than their eastern counterparts. Unfortunately, the Kaiparowits Formation was largely removed from the Paunsaugunt (and Markagunt) areas by pre-Claron aged Laramide uplift (figure 14). The Cedar Mountain and Naturita Formations are exposed only around the southern and eastern mar- gins of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Exposures of Naturita Formation along the southwest side of the plateau have produced significant microvertebrate material near the town of Alton (MNA 939/UMNH VP 123). The Tibbet Canyon Member of the Straight Cliff Formation is quite thin (20 m) along the southern mar- gin of the plateau (Mill Creek section of Eaton, 1993b). The overlying John Henry Member is 190 m thick (fig- ure 5). Along the south side of the plateau a few ver- tebrate localities have been found (MNA 1201, 1204); but abundant private land has restricted access to the John Henry Member there. Along the eastern margin of the Paunsaugunt Plateau within Bryce Canyon National Park (BCNP), and just east of the park, the John Hen- ry Member is relatively rich in vertebrate fossils. This includes localities in the basal Coniacian part of the member, which range from fish-rich microvertebrate localities (UMNH VP 823-826, 860-866, 1084, 1276) and macrovertebrate localities containing turtles to di- nosaurs. Unfortunately, little work has yet been done on this area, the richest known for Coniacian macroverte- brate and microvertebrate fossils in the entire region. Santonian localities are also abundant (UMNH VP 419, 420, 424, 781, 799, 826, 1144) and particular UMNH VP locality 424 (a “blind wash locality”) in the uppermost part of the John Henry Member in BCNP produced a remarkably rich microvertebrate assemblage described in Eaton (2009), Roček and others (2010), Brinkman and others (2013), and Gardner and Demar (2013). The overlying Drip Tank Member is 50 m thick in the Mill Creek section, but is highly variable in thickness around the plateau and is very thin in Tropic Canyon at the northeast corner of the plateau. The Wahweap Formation on the Paunsaugunt Plateau has been problematic. Gregory (1951) and Doelling and Davis (1989) thought the young- est Cretaceous strata on the plateau belonged to the Kaiparowits Formation. Bowers (1990) and Tilton (1991) considered the uppermost Cretaceous rocks to represent the Wahweap Formation. Eaton (1993) and Eaton and others (1993) favored the Kaiparowits Formation interpretation based on petrology and com- parative faunas. Unquestionable Wahweap is found in the Campbell Creek area along the eastern margin of the plateau south of the town of Tropic. Here, the Wahweap Formation mudstones are drab colored and UMNH VP localities 77 and 82 contain abundant shark and ray teeth; both characteristics are common to the Wahweap Formation on the Kaiparowits Plateau. However, in an erosional window through the Claron Formation on top of the plateau (south of Tropic Reservoir), are ex- posures of colorful variegated mudstone, which con- tained no shark or ray teeth, but contains the turtles Compsemys, Neurankylus, as well as kinosternids, taxa that are more common in the Kaiparowits Formation than in the Wahweap (Eaton, 1993b, 1999a). Although initially favored a Kaiparowits Formation equivalency based on the vertebrate faunas, Eaton ultimately accept- ed the more parsimonious interpretation of Wahweap Formation (Eaton, 1999a) but suggested marked paleo- ecologic controls on the vertebrate fauna that reflect the shift from relatively poorly drained coastal floodplains (preserving organics, having abundant sharks and rays) to the east to better drained more upland settings (var- iegated mudstone, no sharks and rays) to the west. Biek and others (2015) described a “lower unit” of the Kaiparowits Formation (Kkl) present on the west- ern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau that thins eastward 245 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 and completely disappears by the East Fork of the Sevier River. They considered this unit to represent the Kaip- arowits Formation, even though it is unlike the typical lithologies of that formation. It is also lithologically unlike the underlying capping sandstone of the Wah- weap Formation but is somewhat like the basal Kaip- arowits Formation found along Henrieville Creek. The only Kaiparowits Formation with lithologies typical of the strata in its type area is a remnant along the west margin of the Paunsaugunt Plateau in Hillsdale Canyon (Biek and others, 2015; see figure 28). Along the east- ern margin of the Paunsaugunt Plateau, the Wahweap Formation has been eroded from the tops of Laramide folds such that in places the Claron Formation rests di- rectly on the Straight Cliffs Formation and the entire Wahweap has been removed (Bowers, 1990; Biek and others, 2015). The type section of the Limerock Canyon Forma- tion is east of this stop (Kurlich and Anderson, 1997). Work by Kevin Rafferty (2015; a student formerly at Weber State University and now at Univeristy of Neva- da, Las Vegas) has shown that much of the Limerock Canyon (Miocene) is actually Brian Head Formation. Brian Head localities in this area have produced rodent teeth, ostracods, and charophytes. 39.0 miles – Road cut is in the upper Tertiary fan alluvium (Taf) and includes an exposure of the 5.0 Ma Rock Canyon lava flow (Biek and others, 2015). 45.2 miles – Intersection of US 89 and SR 12, turn right onto SR 12. White outcrops at this intersection have been blind washed and produced latest Miocene rodents (William Korth, Rochester Institute of Paleon- tology, written communication to Eaton, 2016), as well as unaltered gastropods and bivalves (UMNH VP local- ity VP 1999, IP locality 89). 47.8 miles – Sevier fault. 48.0 miles – Red Canyon; note conglomerate on the left side of the road in the Claron Formation. Conglom- erate becomes more common to the northwest. 53.5 miles – Town of Tropic, Utah, and the type sec- tion for the Cretaceous marine Tropic Shale. End of Day 1. DAY 2: CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE PAUNSAUGUNT AND KAIPAROWITS PLATEAUS 0.0 miles – Tropic, Utah, at the intersection of 200 North and SR 12. Proceed west on SR 12. 3.5 miles – Paunsaugunt fault. Gray beds of the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation faulted against the lower red member of the Claron Formation. This normal fault has the same general orientation as the Sevier fault on the west side of the Paunsaugunt Pla- teau. 7.4 miles – Intersection with SR 63 to Bryce Canyon Nation Park. On the eastern flank of the park there are extensive exposures of the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation and the Wahweap Formation. Eaton conducted a five year (2006-2010) inventory of fossil resources within the park. Both the John Henry Member and the Wahweap Formation are more fossil- iferous there than on the Kaiparowits Plateau and hun- dreds of localities were identified. Only a few localities were intensively worked because of the lack of access. Bulk mudstone samples taken to process for microver- tebrates had to be back-packed out of the park, often requiring 3 hours of hiking per sack of matrix in the middle of summer. One of the most significant localities is UMNH VP locality 424 (figure 15) which is almost at the top of the John Henry Member and is the richest microvertebrate site yet known from that member (see appendix for a complete listing of taxa). 10.3 miles – Turnoff to Tropic Reservoir. Make a left turn and proceed south. 17.3 miles – Tropic Reservoir. Continue south. From about this point south, outcrops in the lower portions of the valley are of the middle Campanian Wahweap Formation overlain unconformably by the Claron Formation. 246 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 21.6 miles – STOP 7. WAHWEAP FORMATION ON THE PAUNSAUGUNT PLATEAU – MILL CREEK AREA (UMNH VP locality 83/MNA locality 1073): The Wahweap Formation on the Paunsaugunt Plateau is ex- posed in a window eroded through the Claron Forma- tion by the East Fork of the Sevier River and its tribu- taries. This stop, UMNH VP locality 83/MNA locality 1073, in the Mill Creek area, is one of the most easily accessed of all the highly fossiliferous localities (figure 16). The obvious interpretation of these strata, based on their stratigraphic position, would be the Wahweap Formation, but aspects of the lithology and fossil con- tent were questioned (Eaton, 1993b; Eaton and others, 1993). The Wahweap Formation on the Kaiparowits Plateau (type area) consists of rather drab organic-rich floodplain mudstones and siltstones and laterally ag- grading channel sandstone. Eaton and others (1993) noted that the sandstone high in the Wahweap section on the Paunsaugunt Plateau were petrologically more similar to the Kaiparowits Formation than to sandstone of the Wahweap Formation. Biek and others (2015) have now mapped these sandstone beds as the lower Kaiparowits Formation (Kkl). The Wahweap mudstone exposed here also differ markedly from those of the type area as they are variegated and very fossiliferous. Sampling the Wahweap Formation on the Kaipa- rowits Plateau for microvertebrate fossils commonly Figure 15. UMNH VP Locality 424 (Santonian), near the top of the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation. Note the Drip Tank Member just above the locality. Here the Claron Formation rests unconformably on the Drip Tank Mem- ber due to erosion across the Laramide aged Bryce Canyon anticline. 247 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 produces shark and ray teeth as well as crab claws, with other taxa much less common. On the Paunsaugunt Plateau recovered fossils (see appendix) include taxa that are common in the Kaiparowits Formation but rare or unknown from the Wahweap Formation of the Kaip- arowits Plateau. The Paunsaugunt Wahweap strata also lack ray and shark teeth or crab claws indicating a fun- damental environmental shift between the two regions, most likely a more upland, better drained environment with less coastal influence. The mammalian fauna (Ea- ton, 1993b) also initially did not compare well to that of the Wahweap Formation on the Kaiparowits Plateau. For these reasons Eaton (1993b) and Eaton and others (1993) kept open the possibility that these strata might represent the Kaiparowits Formation or possibly anoth- er unit. However, subsequent study of the fauna (Eaton, 2013), aided by systematic revisions by other workers, showed a reasonably good correlation with the fauna of the Wahweap Formation to the east. The difference in the overall vertebrate fauna seems to reflect a shift from relatively poorly drained coastal floodplains to better drained more upland floodplains. Return to Tropic and reset trip meter. 0.0 miles – Intersection of 200 N with SR 12. Pro- ceed east. 1.6 miles – Road cut exposes upper marine portion of the Naturita Formation and lowermost beds of the Tropic Shale. 4.7 miles – Entering Cannonville. 4.8 miles – Turn right (south) onto the Cottonwood Canyon Road to Kodachrome Basin State Park. 4.9 miles – STOP 8. OVERVIEW OF NATURITA FORMATION, PAUNSAUGUNT-KAIPAROWITS TRANSITION: To the west of the Cannonville town park and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument visitor center parking lots, the red- and white-band- ed Cannonville Member of the Entrada is in view and overlain by the Naturita Formation cutting out much of Figure 16. Typical variegated fossiliferous mudstone of the Wahweap Formation along Mill Creek at UMNH VP locality 83/MNA locality 1073. 248 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 the intervening bleached looking Henrieville Sandstone (figure 17). The Henrieville Sandstone as described by Thompson and Stokes (1970) is somewhat controversial as a map unit and has been synonymized with the up- per portion of the Entrada Sandstone by some workers (Bowers, 1983; Biek and others, 2015). Resolution of this issue awaits more detailed lithologic study of all the po- tentially correlative units. For this guide, we retain these beds in the Henrieville Sandstone. The Cedar Mountain Formation is locally absent, being discontinuous over much of the Kaiparowits Plateau. Thin, gravelly facies at the bottom of the Naturita in this region are probably reworked Cedar Mountain sediments. Here, on Bull- dog Bench, the nonmarine lower unit of the Naturita Formation is unusually fossiliferous with vertebrates, including mesovertebrate remains such as turtles and crocodylians. Although many localities have been dis- covered, only one has been extensively screen washed (figure 18) – MNA 1067/UMNH VP locality 27. This remarkable locality has produced mammalian jaws, in- cluding early marsupials, but also large lungfish plates, and material of frogs and lizards (see appendix). The mesovertebrate fossil content of the Naturita appears to be highest trending between Bulldog Bench and the southwestern margin of the Kaiparowits Plateau, where turtle and crocodylian remains are similarly abundant. The Naturita in the Kaiparowits region contains abun- dant coal and carbonaceous beds. Macrovertebrate skel- etal remains are virtually unknown although dinosaur trackways and teeth recovered from microsites indicate the region was inhabited by larger animals. Return to SR 12. 5.0 miles – Turn right (east) onto SR 12. 9.7 miles – Outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Henriev- ille Sandstone (overlying Entrada Sandstone) overlain by the lower and upper members of the Naturita Forma- tion visible to the west of SR 12 (figure 19). 11.2 miles – STOP 9. OVERVIEW OF KAIPAROW- ITS PLATEAU STRATIGRAPHY, THE NATURITA FORMATION, AND THE TROPIC SHALE: From SR 12, hike approximately 0.16 km) due south to the Natu- rita-Tropic contact. The basic Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Kaiparowits Plateau (figure 20) was established by Gregory and Moore (1931), Lawrence (1965), Peter- Figure 17. Henrieville Sandstone (Jurassic)– Naturita (Cretaceous) Formation contact on Bulldog Bench. The lower nonmarine Natu- rita Formation is much thicker here than any- where else in the Kaip- arowits-Paunsaugunt Plateaus region. 249 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 son (1969), and Eaton (1991). The Upper Cretaceous section is approximately 2600 m thick and fairly similar throughout the region, but there are some marked fa- cies changes in formations, mostly trending east-west. As a rule, exposures are much better for all of the units in this region than they are in either the Paunsaugunt or Markagunt Plateaus. The oldest unit mapped is the Cedar Mountain Formation, which in the Kaiparowits region is mostly limited to the pebbly conglomerate fa- cies. The smectitic gray mudstone facies is absent. In the Kaiparowits Basin, the overlying Naturita Formation is relatively thin, averaging only 30 to 35 m in thick- ness. As it overlies the basal Cretaceous unconformity and in turn is overlain by the marine Tropic Shale, it represents a variety of terrestrial and nearshore marine environments, in a generally retrogradational sequence. With the exception of shark and fish remains, vertebrate fossils are largely confined to the lower member, occur- ring in floodplain, channel, and crevasse splay facies. Large mesovertebrate and macrovertebrate remains are generally uncommon and usually occur as isolated el- ements, but 0.3-m-diameter turtle shells can be locally abundant in lacustrine and channel facies, particularly in the southwestern portion of the Kaiparowits Basin. The Bulldog Bench area near Tropic (Stop 8) is one of the only places where larger vertebrates besides turtles have been found in any quantity. Dinosaur trackways also occur sparingly in the middle unit (Titus and oth- ers, 2013). The overlying Tropic Shale is as much as 300 m thick (Doelling and Davis, 1989), entirely marine in origin, and spans late Cenomanian to middle Turoni- an time. The formation is dominantly gray-weathering mudstone, but calcisiltites and calcarenites also occur throughout the formation. The lower half of the Tropic is more carbonate rich, whereas the upper half is more siliciclastic. Fossils, mostly invertebrates are common throughout, but vertebrate remains are only locally common. Non-fish vertebrates are uncommon to rare, but long-term collecting has revealed a highly diverse assemblage that will be discussed in more detail below. The overlying Straight Cliffs Formation is a high- ly heterogeneous unit that probably exhibits the most lateral variation of any formation in the Kaiparowits Basin. Spanning much of the later Turonian, as well as the entire Coniacian and Santonian, it also represents the longest time span (~ 10 Ma) of any Cretaceous for- mation in the region except for the related Iron Springs Formation. In general, marine and marginal-marine facies dominate the eastern outcrops, with shoreface, beach complex, estuarine, and deltaic beds interleaved with coastal mire and distributary fluvial units (Al- len and Johnson, 2010), whereas western outcrops are composed mostly of meandering fluvial and floodplain deposits. The unit was deposited during the end of the Greenhorn and throughout the entire Niobrara cyclo- thems (middle Turonian to late Santonian age). In the Kaiparowits Basin the Straight Cliffs locally produces abundant microvertebrate remains. However, macro and mesovertebrate sites are actually somewhat rare. The highest densities of such sites occur in the south- west portion of the Kaiparowits Plateau where alluvi- al-plain facies dominate. There multiple sites yielding dinosaur material, including a multi-individual orni- thopod bonebed have been found, but not in the same quantities as observed on the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Di- nosaur trackways are locally known, particularly in coal seems, but bone is quite rare in the eastern half of the Figure 18. MNA 1067/UMNH VP locality 27 quarry in the Naturita (Dakota) Formation on Bulldog Bench. This ap- pears to be an overbank deposit immediately adjacent to a meandering river levee. Large material is found along the le- vee and fines rapidly away from the levee. There are clearly several flood events separated by organic mats. 250 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Figure 19. Henrieville Sandstone (Je) in contact with the Naturita (Knl, Knu) Formation. There is very little lower nonmarine Naturita even though this outcrop is only about 16 km from Bulldog Bench. Figure 20. Kaiparowits Plateau stratigraphy visible from Stop 9. The Kaiparowits Formation is not visible, but widely exposed behind the ridge formed in the Wahweap Formation. The highest outcrops of white-colored Eocene age Claron Formation are at Powell Point, at the very south end of the Table Cliffs Plateau. See figure 23 for wide view. 251 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 plateau, leading to the conclusion that either the dep- ositional rates or soil conditions were unfavorable to preservation of large bone. The seaway withdrew at the end of the Niobrara cy- cle never to inundate southern Utah again. As a result, the overlying Wahweap and Kaiparowits Formations are entirely terrestrial in origin and fairly homoge- neous, although not without marine influence on their deposition and occasional brackish water incursions (e.g., Roberts and others, 2008). The marine portion of the upper Naturita at this stop consists of alternating (cyclic) mudstone and sand- stone deposited in a shallow, near-shore muddy shelf setting during the early Greenhorn cyclothem event. Mollusk assemblages alternate between oyster epiboles and more diverse assemblages reflecting fluctuating sea levels. A thin coal bed just below the top of the forma- tion marks a lowstand associated with the top of the Metoicoceras mosbyense biozone. The biostratigraph- ically useful inocermid bivalve Inoceramus fragilis oc- curs near the base of the member, whereas ammonites of the Dunveganoceras problematicum and Metoicoceras mosbyense biozones occur in the middle and top of the unit, respectively. Collectively, the marine inverte- brate record indicates the upper member is entirely late Cenomanian, spanning much of that substage. Verte- brates are not common, and consist mostly of isolated elements of brackish and marine chondrichthyans and osteoichthyans. The overlying Tropic Shale (figure 21) was depos- ited in an open water, offshore muddy shelf setting. At peak transgression, the shoreline was over 115 km to the west. The Tropic Shale is mostly gray mudstone and contains abundant invertebrate and vertebrate fossil fauna. Ammonites in the formation indicate it spans the Vascoceras diartianum through Prionocyclus hyatti ammonite biozones (middle late Cenomanian to mid- dle middle Turonian). The nearshore position of the Tropic Shale depocenter in a regime of relatively high accommodation space make the Cenomanian-Turo- nian stratigraphic record in the region especially thick and complete (Elder and others, 1994). In particular, the events surrounding ocean anoxic event II (OAE II) and the associated extinction are recorded in great de- tail (Elder, 1991). Most of the large vertebrate fossils are found in the early Turonian, although rare specimens are known from the underlying Cenomanian (Gillette and others, 1999). An overview of the vertebrate fau- na was given by Albright and others (2013) and the described fauna is summarized in the appendix. Chon- drichthyan and osteichthyan remains including fully ar- ticulated specimens occur commonly in the Tropic, but no detailed studies have ever been published. Over the last 16 years a diverse and significant marine reptile fau- na has been recovered from the unit. Plesiosaur remains are most common, but turtles, early mosasaurs, and rare dinosaur remains have also been found. Five taxa of plesiosaurs (one pliosaurid and four polycotylids) are now documented from the formation (figure 22), mak- ing the assemblage one of the most diverse known from any Greenhorn age deposits. Three significant trends/ events in vertebrate evolution appear to be recorded in the Tropic: (1) the extinction of the archaic pliosaurid plesiosaurs, (2) the diversification of the polycotylid plesiosaurs, and (3) the rise of true mosasaurs in North America. 11.6 miles – View north towards Jimmy Canyon is of the open marine Tropic Shale and the shoreface facies of the Tibbet Canyon Member forming the cliff, which holds up the benches. Resting on the benches is the pa- ludal Smoky Hollow Member (Turonian). On the bench directly to the north (figure 23) is the richest Smoky Hollow Member micro-site known, MNA 995/UMNH VP locality 129. This very productive site is difficult to recover large quantities of matrix from (figure 24). In 1991, a small helicopter made several trips to move 86 moderately sized sacks of matrix from the bench to the valley floor. This locality has provided much of the basis for the faunal list presented in the appendix. 13.0 miles – Turnoff to Henderson Canyon (fig- ure 25). The lower John Henry Member contains coals (figure 26), is very organic rich, and produces a brack- ish-water fauna of both vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g., MNA 706-2/UMNH VP locality 98). The upper part of the John Henry Member in Henderson Canyon is less organic rich (figure 27) and includes UMNH VP locality 99 (Santonian), a very productive microverte- brate locality from which much of the vertebrate faunal 252 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Figure 21. Overview of the Tropic Shale at Stop 9. Lettered bentonites are key marker beds (of Elder, 1991) that can be traced throughout the southern Western Inte- rior, including the Ceno- manian-Turonian Bound- ary Global Stratotype Section and Point near Pueblo, Colorado. Figure 22. MNA V9433, (A) Dorsal view of nearly complete cranium, and (B) dorsal view of complete mandible of the plio- saurid plesiosaur Brachauchenius lucasi. From Albright and others (2013). 253 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 list in the appendix is derived. 14.2 miles – STOP 10. SMOKY HOLLOW AND JOHN HENRY MEMBERS OF THE STRAIGHT CLIFFS FORMATION: The Tibbet Canyon Member is overlain by the early late Turonian Smoky Hollow Member, which has coal and lignite low in the mem- ber (figure 28). It also contains brackish-water faunas. The upper part of the member consists of beds of fluvial deposition. The Smoky Hollow Member is capped by fluvial sandstone and conglomerate termed the Calico bed by Peterson (1969). The John Henry Member is upper Coniacian-Santonian and rests disconformably upon the Calico bed (figure 29). As with the underly- ing Smoky Hollow Member, the lower part of the John Henry Member is very carbonaceous and contains brackish-water faunas (listed in appendix). The upper part of the formation here is largely nonmarine; how- Figure 23. Looking northeast at bench with MNA 995/UMNH VP locality 129 in the Smoky Hollow Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation. Figure 24. The late Jared Morrow at MNA 995/UMNH VP locality 129 quarry, Smoky Hollow Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation, Turonian. 254 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 ever, thin sandstone tongues containing marine taxa are present in the unit. Along the eastern margin of the plateau (type section for the Straight Cliffs Formation) the John Henry Member is mostly nearshore to marine. 14.8 miles –STOP 11. UPPER JOHN HENRY AND DRIP TANK MEMBERS, STRAIGHT CLIFFS–WAH- WEAP FORMATIONS: On the north side of the can- yon, the prominent cliff-forming Drip Tank Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation (Santonian) is uncon- formably overlain by the less resistant ledge-forming sandstone and mudstone of the lower member of the Wahweap Formation (figure 30). The Drip Tank Mem- ber in the Kaiparowits Basin is locally fossiliferous with vertebrate material, including dinosaur bone, but ow- ing to the high-energy nature of its depositional system, most of the material is fragmentary and non-diagnostic. The overlying alternating sandstones and mud- stones of the Wahweap Formation are well exposed in this area (figure 30), but the formation generally forms steep slopes making it difficult to prospect for fossils. In the Kaiparowits region, most of the identifiable mac- rovertebrate remains have been collected from along the Smoky Mountain road and the southern margin of the plateau. The unit is also more paralic in character here than in the Paunsaugunt region, commonly containing carbonaceous beds indicative of paludal environments. The majority of the macrofauna of the Wahweap Formation is now well constrained as older than the oldest described assemblages of the Judith River and Foremost Formations (Albright and Titus, 2016), and it includes the oldest named North American rep- resentatives of the Tyrannosauridae (Lythronax), Lambeosaurinae (Adelolophus), Centrosaurinae (Diabloceratops), and Pachycephalosauridae dinosaur clades. At least two different species of large alligato- Figure 25. View of the looking north up Henderson Canyon from the SR 12 turnoff of the Tropic Shale and overlying mem- bers of the Straight Cliffs Fomration. Figure 26. Typical coal and sandstone interbeds in the lower John Henry Member in Henderson Canyon. 255 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 roids and a pholidosaur-like crocodylian have also been recovered, but await description. Cranial material of a nodosaurid ankylosaur was also recovered recently but is also awaiting description. Based on the hadrosaurs (Gates and others, 2014) and ceratopsids, the early middle Campanian Wahweap dinosaur assemblage has some similarity to the slightly younger Foremost and Oldman assemblages found in Alberta, Canada. 16.4 miles – STOP 12. CAPPING SANDSTONE MEMBER AND LOWER KAIPAROWITS FORMA- TION: In this vertical cliff face exposed along Henriev- Figure 27. Upper part of the John Henry Member in Henderson Canyon. Note channel complex at the top of the member. UMNH VP locality 99 is in the underlying fine-grained part of the section. Figure 28. The Smoky Hollow Member (Kscsh) overlies the nearshore deposits of the Tibbet Canyon Member (Ksctc); note the carbonaceous horizons low in the Smoky Hollow Member. The Smoky Hollow is capped by the sandstones and conglomerates of the Calico bed. 256 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Figure 29. The Calico bed of the Smoky Hollow Member (Kscsh) is overlain disconformably by the John Henry Member (Kscjh). The lower John Henry is locally very carbonaceous and produces a brackish-water fauna. Figure 30. Contact between the upper part of the John Henry Member and the Drip Tank Member along Henrieville Creek. The Drip Tank Member is a quartz arenite to pebbly conglomerate as opposed to the non-conglomeratic feldspathic sand- stones of the upper John Henry Member. Kw = Wahweap Formation. 257 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 ille Creek (figure 31) is the contact between the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap (Kwcs) and the base of the Kaiparowits Formation (Kk). Lawton and others (2014) noted a 26-m interval at the base of the Kaiparowits Formation, which they considered tran- sitional between the sandstone lithology of the Wah- weap Formation and the more feldspar-rich lithology of Kaiparowits Formation. Several fossil localities were found in the lowest part of the Kaiparowits, which pro- duced ostracods and miscellaneous vertebrate materials including ray teeth (Lawton and others, 2014). 18.2 miles – Turn on small dirt road and proceed about 100 m to the north and park. STOP 13. KAIPA- ROWITS FORMATION OVERVIEW: From this view you can see most of the gray-colored middle and up- per members of the Kaiparowits Formation below the prominent cliff-forming outcrops of the Claron For- mation. The intervening slope between the Kaiparowits and Claron Formations is formed in the Canaan Peak and Pine Hollow Formations and other coarse clastic units referred to the Grand Castle Formation, but which cannot belong to that formation because they post-dates the Kaiparowits Formation. These formations are not visible from this vantage point because they are covered with slumps and vegetation. Outcrops to the east (figure 32) form the type section of the Kaiparowits Formation, which here is approximately 860 m thick. The imme- diate foreground is in the middle member, about 200 m above the base of the formation (Eaton, 1991, figure 15). Although the section appears dominantly com- posed of mudstone, it is close to an even mix of sand- stone and mudstone. However, the sandstone beds are generally friable and weather into rounded shapes that resemble more mud-rich outcrops. Dated ash-fall tuffs in the Kaiparowits Formation have yielded an age range of 76.6 to 74.5 Ma, which spans most of the lower half of the late Campanian (Roberts and others, 2013); how- ever, given its thickness the Kaiparowits was deposited at a remarkably fast rate (Roberts and others, 2013). What is possibly even more remarkable is that the entire formation was removed from portions of the Paunsau- gunt and Markagunt Plateaus area in the early to middle Paleocene during the Laramide uplift. The Kaiparowits is by far the richest macrovertebrate-producing unit in the entire region. 18.7 miles – STOP 14. MIDDLE KAIPAROWITS SEDIMENTOLOGY AND TAPHONOMY: Park on south side of highway, east of culvert. Hike down into creek and north into the culvert. Emerge on other side in small canyon carved into middle member of the Kaiparowits Formation. Many features of Kaiparowits depositional systems can be observed in the canyon walls in good detail. Exposed are overbank, fine-grained sequences that have carbonate pedogenic features, which are incised, scoured, and overlain by fluvial channel sandstones bearing large carbonized logs and fossil-rich lags. Whereas the overall vertebrate diver- sity of the Kaiparowits has mostly been assessed from mudstone-rich pond and floodplain lake facies, many of the articulated macrovertebrate specimens, some dis- playing soft tissue impressions, are found at the bases of these channel systems, above the scours. Many associat- ed macrovertebrate specimens actually bear mudstone or pedogenic carbonate in their interstices, indicating that they were reworked into the channels from finer grained facies. The preservation of individual Kaiparowits verte- brate specimens is sometimes spectacular (figure 33). Complete or partial articulation and preservation of softer elements such as epidermis and the keratinous portions of beaks and claws is not rare, particularly in fluvial channel facies. The turtles Adocus (Knell and others, 2011) and Basilemys have both been found pre- served with clutches of eggs (figure 34). Unusual paleo- biological information has also been gained from rare specimens showing predatory or behavioral traits (e.g., Boyd and others, 2013). The distribution of fossils is ir- regular throughout the formation although the lower and middle portions of the middle member are by far the most fossiliferous. Fossil content largely is inversely pro- portional to the maturation of calcic paleosol features that are pervasive in overbank sequences. Reworking of vertebrate materials of all size classes, including as- sociated dinosaurs, out of finer grained overbank fa- cies into fluvial channel bottom lags is a very common perservational mode. Soft tissue preservation is most often observed as primary burials in fluvial channels, al- though rarely hadrosaurs have been observed with soft 258 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Figure 31. Contact between the capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation (Kwcs) and the Kaiparowits Forma- tion (Kk) along Henrieville Creek. Figure 32. Outcrops of the lower Kaiparowits Formation (above 200 m) in the Blues, the type section of the Kaiparowits. 259 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 tissue preserved in calcite concretionary overgrowths in floodplain lake facies. Strong correlation between suites of invertebrate fossils and depositional facies (Tapanila and Roberts, 2013) shows promise for vertebrate assem- blages. Indeed, anecdotal observations seem to support gross separation of fluvial and overbank assemblag- es of both microvertebrates and macrovertebrates. A 0.8-km-long hike to the northeast towards the very first Utahceratops quarry will afford a look at a typical associ- ated hadrosaur site that includes skin impressions. 20.7 miles – STOP 15. KAIPAROWITS FORMATION DIVERSITY- THE BLUES OVERLOOK: The Kaiparowits Formation flora (Miller and others, 2013), invertebrate fauna (Tapanila and Roberts, 2013), and vertebrate fauna are exceptionally diverse (see ap- pendix). Although these are the most accessible out- crops of the formation, most of the type localities for new dinosaurs and other macro and mesovertebrate taxa are actually out of view and to the south of Canaan Peak. Two exceptions to this are the type specimens for the oviraptor Hagryphus giganteus and the troodontid Talos sampsoni, both of which were collected in the low- er elevation hills due west of the overlook (figure 35). The most common large dinosaur remains are lam- beosaurine and saurolophine dinosaurs. Ceratopsids are found in lesser numbers, but are still clearly a sig- nificant part of the ecosystem, displaying exception- ally high diversity. Most other dinosaur taxa are un- common to rare, some being represented by a single specimen (e.g., Hagryphus). The only larger elements of the fauna besides dinosaurs are two taxa of croco- dylians, a pholidosaur very similar to Denazinasuchus and Deinosuchus. Ongoing reconnaissance efforts in the Kaiparowits Formation continue to add to its di- verse vertebrate fauna and have rapidly enhanced the Figure 33. RAM 14000, an exceptionally well preserved juvenile specimen of the dinosaur Parasaurolophus sp. Individual is fully articulated and exhibits soft tissue preservation. The black scale bar is 10 cm. Photograph by Raymond Alf (Museum of Paleontology). 260 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 macrovertebrate assemblages documented in previ- ous published summaries (see appendix). As of now, the Kaiparowits holds the record for most diverse late Campanian assemblages of turtles, mammals, squa- mates, and crocodylians in North America and is rapidly closing the gap with the diverse dinosaur as- semblages known from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada). New dis- coveries continue to add fossil materials to previously documented macrovertebrate taxa, permitting more thorough comparison and phylogenetic evaluation, and add new forms to the overall assemblage. This in- cludes many new, exquisitely preserved crocodyliform specimens that expand the documented diversity and completeness of the group: (1) several associated ptero- saur specimens that radically enhance the non-marine record of pterosaurs; and (2) new dinosaur materials that include several specimens of a new chasmosaurine ceratopsian, two new genera of ankylosaur (Wiersma, 2016), and a possible small lambeosaurine hadrosaurid. These new finds, coupled with ongoing efforts to docu- ment the microverterate record, the plant macrofossil record, the invertebrate fossil record, and the geological record of the Kaiparowits Formation, promise to make it among the best-documented and understood terres- trial ecosystems in the Mesozoic. Comparison of the Kaiparowits vertebrate assemblage to contemporaneous faunas from Dinosaur Park Formation have document- ed significant differences in vertebrate taxa. Differences are attributed to possible physiographic barriers (e.g., Sampson and others, 2010; Gates and others, 2012) or climatic/floral differences (e.g., Miller and others, 2013; Nydam and others, 2013). End of Day 2, return to Tropic, Utah. Figure 34. UMNH VP 16868, Adocus with skeleton and eggs, the latter are visible in the bottom center of the photo (yellow arrows). Scale = 10 cm. 261 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 DAY 3: CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE BOUNDARY IN SOUTHERN UTAH 0.0 miles – Start in Tropic at 200 North and SR 12. Proceed west on SR 12. 7.2 miles – Junction of SR 12 and SR 22 (Johns Valley Road). Turn right (north) on SR 22 and proceed north. 20.6 miles – Junction with SR 17 (Old Escalante Road). Turn right (east) and proceed east. 23.3 miles – STOP 16. K-PG BOUNDARY AND THE CANAAN PEAK FORMATION: The more resis- tant beds of the Canaan Peak Formation (figure 36) are well exposed on this general stretch of SR17. The ob- servable lithosomes are completely typical for the for- mation, and consist of trough cross-bedded pebble and cobble conglomerate with distinctive black chert clasts and other rocks derived from the lower Paleozoic sili- ceous strata of the Sevier fold and thrust belt as well as the earlier Antler foreland detritus. Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age volcanic clasts ranging in composition from rhyolite to andesite can locally make up as much as 30% of the total rock (Schmitt and others, 1991). The type section is located 30 km to the south (Bowers, 1972), on the south side of Canaan Peak, where it rests with slight angular unconformity on the Kaiparowits Formation and contains an identical clast composition (Schmitt and others, 1991). Goldstrand (1992) subse- Figure 35. View looking west over the Blues from the upper view point along SR 12. Mostly the lower 400 m of the Kaiparowits Formation is seen from this view. 262 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 quently recognized an upper unit in the Canaan Peak which completely lacks volcanic clasts and is instead dominated by more proximally derived Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary clasts from the Wah Wah thrust system. Given the similar composition of this upper Ca- naan Peak unit with the Grand Castle Formation in its type section (western Markagunt Plateau), these units were correlated and the term Grand Castle was extend- ed into the Table Cliffs area by Goldstrand (1992). All of this pre-supposed that the Grand Castle in its type section was actually Paleogene (post-Kaiparowits For- mation) in age. Now that the entire type Grand Castle Formation as originally conceived by Goldstrand can be demonstrated to be both Cretaceous and pre-Kaipa- rowits Formation in age (lower and middle Campanian [Biek and others, 2015]), use of the term Grand Castle in the Table Cliffs area should be abandoned. Based on gross clast composition, this locally occurring volcanic clast-free lithosome in the Table Cliffs area may be ge- netically related to the overlying Pine Hollow Forma- tion, but this needs further work. Surprisingly, the areal extent of the Canaan Peak Formation is fairly limited, given its resistant nature and substantial thickness. Over most of the region the Cre- taceous-Paleogene boundary represents a much more substantial hiatus (figure 14). Unequivocal Canaan Peak is known with certainty only east of the Paunsau- gunt fault, around the Table Cliffs and Canaan Peak. However, it was obviously once much more widespread as current directions indicate a source area to the west and southwest (Schmitt and others, 1991). The precise age of the Canaan Peak Formation prop- er is unknown as it has not yielded any age diagnostic faunal data or datable ash beds. Paleocene palynologi- cal assemblages (Goldstrand, 1990) have been reported from the upper volcanic-clast-free unit (Grand Castle of Figure 36. Conglomerate and cross-stratified sandstone of the Canaan Peak Formation exposed in Horse Canyon, north of SR 17. 263 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Goldstrand, 1992). If these palynology data are correct, then the Canaan Peak, as we define it here (excluding the non-volcanic clast-bearing part), can only be con- strained as post middle upper Campanian to Paleocene. Eric Roberts (James Cook University, oral communi- cation, 2013) has observed dinosaur bone in the lower portion of the Canaan Peak near the type section. How- ever, it is unknown at this time whether this represents contemporaneous bone or elements reworked from the underlying Kaiparowits Formation. The volcanic clast content of the Canaan Peak For- mation ties it genetically to the underlying Kaiparowits Formation and strongly differentiates it from all over- lying units (Larsen and others, 2010). From a strictly event-oriented view, since Laramide uplift completely removed the Canaan Peak and Kaiparowits Formations from the Paunsaugunt Plateau region, mostly likely in the late Paleocene or early Eocene (i.e., pre-Claron), it seems reasonable to assume that the volcanic lithic-rich Kaiparowits and Canaan Peak Formations occupy a space in time closer to each other than the Canaan Peak would with the Pine Hollow Formation because the Pine Hollow is compositionally very close to the Clar- on Formation (Larsen, 2007). As such, the Canaan Peak Formation, which could be Campanian-Maastrichtian in age, could also locally span the Cretaceous-Paleo- gene boundary. End of Field Trip ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the reviewers for making substantial improvements to the manuscript and the Geology of Intermountain West editors for assistance with the editing. 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Zanno, L.E., Loewen, M.A., Farke, A.A., Kim, G., Claessens, L.P.A.M., and McGarrity, C.T., 2013, Late Cretaceous thero- pod dinosaurs of southern Utah, in Titus, A.L., and Loewen, M.A., editors, At the top of the Grand Staircase—the Late Cre- taceous of southern Utah: Bloomington, Indiana University Press, p. 504–525. 270 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 APPENDIX LATE CRETACEOUS VERTEBRATE FAUNAL LISTS FOR SOUTHERN UTAH Background Although the total number of taxa is known to be higher in every single Cretaceous formation of southern Utah, these faunal lists were generated only from pub- lished papers that documented specific specimens from specific localities with certain taxonomic assignments. Taxa listed in undocumented faunal lists (e.g., Eaton, 1999; Eaton and others, 1999a, 1999b) or overly broad taxonomic assignments are not included. As such, we only list the published turtle fauna from Hutchison and others (2013, Kaiparowits Formation) and Holroyd and Hutchison (2016, Wahweap Formation) even though turtle remains are common in nearly every forma- tion. Similarly, a large number of additional dinosaur taxa are known from the Wahweap and Kaiparowits Formations, but either the specimens have never been described or the material is not specifically diagnostic. Irmis and others (2013) described the crocodyliform fauna at the order-suborder level and generally did not provide locality information for specimens; however, two taxa at lower levels were described from the Kaip- arowits Formation, and since fossils are only known from that formation on the Kaiparowits Plateau, those are included below. The fish described by Brinkman and others (2013) are from a limited number of localities and are only recorded in the faunal lists from the specif- ic plateau from which the specimens are documented. As such, there is a large list of fish represented from the Wahweap Formation of the Paunsaugunt Plateau, but these were not extended to the Wahweap Formation of the Kaiparowits Plateau as there is no documentation for that presented in Brinkman and others (2013). In the faunal lists, names, and years in parentheses cite the original publication naming that taxon, whereas those citations preceded by “in” merely refer to a source that documents the taxon in southern Utah. For nearly all macrovertebrates, the reference is the same as the origi- nal paper naming the taxon. Cretaceous Vertebrate Faunas of Cedar Canyon – Markagunt Plateau Naturita Formation, Cenomanian (Localities: UMNH VP 161, 162) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Squamata Boreoteiioidea Bicuspidon smikros (in Nydam, 2013) Scincomorpha Contogenidae Utahgenys antongai (in Nydam, 2013) Paramacellodid/Cordylid grade Morphotype A (in Nydam, 2013) Morphotype B (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2009) cf. Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 2009) Cedaromys minimus (in Eaton, 2009) Dakotamys malcolmi (in Eaton, 2009) Cimolodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2009) ?Cimolodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2009) Symmetrodonta Spalacotheriidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2009) Boreosphenida Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2009) Marsupialia “Alphadontidae” Eoalphadon woodburnei (in Eaton, 2009) ?Eoalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2009) 271 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 John Henry Member (Coniacian?), Straight Cliffs Formation (Localities: MNA 1260/UMNH VP 8, 9) Elasmobranchii Lonchidiidae Lonchidion sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Neoselachii Ginglymostomatidae Cantioscyllium markaguntensis (Kirkland and others, 2013) Neopterygii Semionotidae Lepidotes sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Pycnodontidae Coelodus sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Teleostii Otophysi Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Acanthomorpha Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Urodela Scapherpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Marsupialia Family “Alphadontidae” ?Varalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Eutheria Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2006a) “Wahweap” Formation (basal, lower? Campanian) (Locality: UMNH VP 10/MNA 1417) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group cf. Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) 272 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Bryceomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Cedaromys sp. cf. C. hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2006a) Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) ?Cimoxomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolomyidae Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) ?Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolodontidae Cimolodon wardi (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolodon similis (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. nitidus (in Eaton, 2006a) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2006a) Trechnotheria Spalacotheriidae Symmetrodontoides sp. cf. S. foxi (Eaton, 2006a) Marsupialia Order and family incertae sedis cf. Anchistodelphys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) “Alphadontidae” cf. Varalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) cf. Protalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Eoalphadon sp. cf. E. clemensi (in Eaton, 2006a, see Eaton, 2009) Eoalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a, see Eaton, 2009) cf. Turgidodon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) ?Pediomyidae ?”Pediomys” sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Boreosphenida Picopsidae Picopsis sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) cf. Picopsis sp. A (in Eaton, 2006a) cf. Picopsis sp. B (in Eaton, 2006a) “Wahweap” Formation (high, Campanian?) (Locality: UMNH VP 11) Urodela Family incertae sedis Nezpercius dodsoni (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Scotiophryne pustulosa (in Roček and others, 2010; Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolomyidae 273 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Meniscoessus sp. cf. M. intermedius (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) ?Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Cimolodontidae Cimolodon sp. cf. C. similis (in Eaton, 2006a) Marsupialia “Alphadontidae” Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2006a) Protalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) ?Protalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006a) Eoalphadon sp. cf. E. clemensi (in Eaton, 2006a, see Eaton, 2009) “Pediomyidae” Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2006a) “Pediomys” sp. near “P.” exiguous (in Eaton, 2006a) ?Aquiladelphis laurae (in Eaton, 2006a) Cretaceous Vertebrate Faunas of the Paunsaugunt Plateau Naturita Formation, Cenomanian (Locality: UMNH VP 123/MNA 939) Anura Family, Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Multituberculata Cimolodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 1995) Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Paracimexomys sp. cf. P. robisoni (in Eaton, 1995) Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 1995) cf. Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 1995) Dakotamys malcolmi (in Eaton, 1995) Theria Family, Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 1993b) Marsupialia “Alphadontidae” Eoalphadon lillegraveni (in Eaton, 1993b as “Alphadon” lillegraveni) Eoalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 1993b as “Alpahdon” sp.) Family incertae sedis Pariadens kirklandi (in Eaton, 1993b) John Henry Member (basal, Coniacian), Straight Cliffs Formation (Localities: UMNH VP 417, 823, 856, 1064) Elasmobranchii Hybodontidae Hybodus sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Lonchidiidae Lonchidion sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) 274 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Dinosauria Ornithopoda Iguanodontia gen. and sp. indet. (in Gates and others, 2013) Multituberculata Cimolodontidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2013) John Henry Member (Santonian), Straight Cliffs Formation (Localities: UMNH VP 419, 420, 424, 426, 427, 569, 781, 799, 821, 843, 1144, 1156) Elasmobranchii Hybodontidae Hybodus sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Neopterygii Lepisostidae Lepisosteus sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Neopterygii Semionotidae Lepidotes sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Pycnodontidae Micropycnodon sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Amiidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Teleostii Hiodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Elopiformes Family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Sorbinichthyidae Diplomystus sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Otophysi Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Euteleostei Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. U-4 (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Acanthomorpha Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) cf. Albanerpeton nexuosum (Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Scapherpetontidae Scapherpeton sp. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) 275 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Batracosauroididae Opistotriton sp. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Sirenidae Habrosaurus sp. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. nov. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Scotiophryne pustulosa (in Roček and others, 2010, Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Scincomorpha Paramacellodid/Cordylid grade Monocnemodon syphakos (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha Family incertae sedis cf. Colpodontosaurus sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Platynota Family incertae sedis Morphotype B (in Nydam, 2013) Morphotype C (in Nydam, 2013) Autarchoglossa Family incertae sedis Morphotype D (in Nydam, 2013) Scincomorpha Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Serpentes Family incertae sedis Coniophis sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Dinosauria Nodosauridae Gen and sp. indet. (in Loewen and others, 2013a) Triconodonta Triconodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) cf. Alticonodon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Dakotamys shakespeari (in Eaton, 2013) Cedaromys sp. cf. C. hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2013) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2013) Mesodma sp. (in Eaton, 2013) ?Mesodma sp. (in Eaton, 2013) 276 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Cimolodontidae Cimolodon sp. cf. C. foxi (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolodon similis (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. similis (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimolodon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolomyidae Cimolomys sp. A (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolomys sp. B (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimolomys sp. A (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimolomys sp. B (in Eaton, 2013) Trechnotheria Spalacotheriidae ?Spalacotheridium sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Symmetrodontoides sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Marsupialia “Didelphomorpha” - Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) Apistodon sp. cf. A. exiguous (in Eaton, 2013) cf. “Anchistodelphys” sp. (in Eaton, 2013) “Alphadontidae” ?Varalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Stagodontidae Eodelphis sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Pediomyidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) ?Leptalestes sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Wahweap Formation, Campanian (Localities: UMNH VP 61, 77, 78, 80, 83, 807, 792, 1073, 1074; MNA 1073, 1074) Neoselachii Hemiscyllidae Chiloscyllium missouriense (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea - Family incertae sedis Cristomylus cifellii (Kirkland and others, 2013) Sclerorhynchiformes Sclerorhynchiidae Columbusia deblieuxi (Kirkland and others, 2013) Neopterygii Lepisostidae Lepisosteus sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Semionotidae Lepidotes sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Pycnodontidae Micropycnodon sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) 277 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Actinopterygii Albulidae Parabula sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Otophysi Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Acanthomorpha Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Scapherpetontidae Scapherpeton tectum in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Batracosauroididae Opistotriton kayi (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Family incertae sedis Nezpercius dodsoni (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. nov. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Scotiophryne pustolosa (in Roček and others, 2010) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 1993b) ?Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Cedaromys sp. cf. C. hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimexomys gregoryi (in Eaton, 1993b) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2002) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2013) Mesodma sp. cf. M. archibaldi (in Eaton, 2002, 2013) Mesodma sp. cf. M. formosa (in Eaton, 1993b, 2013) Mesodma sp. cf. M. hensleighi (in Eaton, 1993b) Mesodma sp. (in Eaton, 1993b) Cimolodontidae Cimolodon similis (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. nitidus (in Eaton, 1993b) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. foxi (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimolodon sp. (Eaton, 1993b) Cimolomyidae Cimolomys milliensis (in Eaton, 1993b) Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2013) ?Cimolomys sp. B (in Eaton, 2002) 278 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Meniscoessus sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Trechnotheria Spalacotheriidae Symmetrodontoides foxi (in Eaton, 1993b) Marsupialia Order and Family incertae sedis cf. Iugomortiferum sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. A (in Eaton, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. B (in Eaton, 2013) cf. Apistodon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) “Alphadontidae” Alphadon sp. cf. A. wilsoni (in Eaton, 1993b) Alphadon sp. cf. A. attaragos (in Eaton, 1993b) Turgidodon sp. cf. T. russelli (Alphadon sp. cf. A. russelli in Eaton, 1993b) Turgidodon sp. (in Eaton, 1993b) Varalphadon sp. cf. V. creber (in Eaton, 2013) cf. Varalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Pediomyidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) Cretaceous Vertebrate Faunas of the Kaiparowits Plateau Naturita Formation, Cenomanian (Localities: UMNH VP 27/MNA 1067/OMNH V808; UMNH VP 804) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea Family incertae sedis Cristomylus bulldogensis (Kirkland and others, 2013) Pseudomyledaphus sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Elasmobranchii Hybonontidae Hybodus sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Lonchidiidae Lonchidion sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Neopterygii Semionotidae Lepidotes sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Pycnodontidae Coelodus sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Amiidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Teleostei Osteoglossomorpha family indet. Coriops sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Hiodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Elopiformes Family indet. 279 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Ellimmichthyiformes Family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. type LvD (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. type U-7 (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Sorbinichthyidae Diplomystus sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Euteleostei Order and family indet. Gen. and sp. indet. U-4 (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Sarcopterygii Ceratodontiformes Ceratodus gustasoni (Kirkland, 1987) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae cf. Albanerpeton nexuosa (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Scapherpetontidae Gen and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Batracosauroididae Gen. and sp. nov. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Squamata Boreoteiioidea Bicuspidon smikros (in Nydam, 2013) Scincomorpha Paramacellodid/Cordylid grade Dakotasaurus gillettorum (in Nydam, 2013) Morphotype C (in Nydam, 2013) Webbsaurus lofgreni (in Nydam, 2013) Family indet. Morphotype D (in Nydam, 2013) ?Scincomorpha Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha aff. Xenosauridae Cnodontosaurus suchockii (in Nydam, 2013) Platynota Family indet. Morphotype E (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Serpentes 280 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Family incertae sedis Coniophis sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Paracimexomys sp. cf. P. robisoni (in Eaton, 1995) Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 1995) cf. Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 1995) Dakotamys malcolmi (in Eaton, 1995) ?Dakotamys sp. (in Eaton, 1995) Gen. and sp. indet. A (in Eaton, 1995) Gen. and sp. indet. B (in Eaton, 1995) Cimolodontidae Cimolodon sp. cf. C. similis (in Eaton, 1995) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 1995) ?Boreosphenida Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 1993a) Dakotadens morrowi (in Eaton, 1993a) Dakotadens sp. (in Eaton, 1993a) Marsupialia Family “Alphadontidae” Eoalphadon clemensi (in Eaton, 1993a as “Alphadon” clemensi) Eoalphadon lillegraveni (in Eaton, 1993a as “Alphadon” lillegraveni) Eoalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 1993a as “Alphadon” sp.) Protalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 1993a) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 1993a) Family indet. Pariadens kirklandi (Cifelli and Eaton, 1987) Tropic Shale (Late Cenomanian-Middle Turonian) Elasmobranchii Mitsukurinidae Scapanorhyncus raphiodon (in Albright and others, 2013) Anacoracidae Squalicorax curvatus (in Albright and others, 2013) Cretoxyrhinidae Cretoxyrhina mantelli (in Albright and others, 2013) Cretolamna appendiculata (in Albright and others, 2013) Sclerorhynocoidei cf. Ptychotrygon sp. (in Albright and others, 2013) Ptychodontidae Ptychodus decurrens (in Albright and others, 2013) Ptychodus cf. P. mammillaris (in Albright and others, 2013) Ptychodus whipplei (in Albright and others, 2013) Ptychodus occidentalis (in Albright and others, 2013) 281 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Ptychodus anonymus (in Albright and others, 2013) Ptychodus sp. indet. (in Albright and others, 2013) Neopterygii Pycnodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Albright and others, 2013) Actinopterygii Ichthyodectidae Gillicus arcuatus (in Albright and others, 2013) Ichthyodectes ctenodon (in Albright and others, 2013) Ichthyodectes cf. I. ctenodon (in Albright and others, 2013) Xiphactinus cf. X. audax (in Albright and others, 2013) Testudinata Protostegidae Desmatochelys lowi (in Albright and others, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Albright and others, 2013) Family incertae sedis Naomichelys sp. (in Albright and others, 2013) Sauropterygia Pliosauridae Brachauchenius lucasi (Albright and others, 2007a) Polycotylidae Eopolycotylus rankini (Albright and others, 2007b) Dolichorhyncops tropicensis Schmeisser McKean, 2012) Palmulasaurus quadratus (Albright and others, 2007b) Trinacromerum cf. T. bentonianum (in Albright and others, 2013) Dinosauria Therizinosauridae Nothronychus graffami (Zanno and others, 2009) Smoky Hollow Member (Turonian), Straight Cliffs Formation (Localities: UMNH VP 129/MNA 995/OMNH V843; OMNH V4, 60, 1404) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea (family incertae sedis) Cristomylus sp. cf. C. bulldogensis (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Osteichthyes-Neopterygii Lepisostidae Lepisosteus sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Semionotidae Lepidotes sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Pycnodontidae Coelodus sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Amiidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) ?Melvius sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Teleostii 282 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Hiodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Elopiformes Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Ellimmichthyiformes Family incertae sedis. Gen. and sp. indet. type U-7 (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Otophysi Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Euteleostei Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. U-4 (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. type HvB (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Albanerpeton cifellii (in Gardner, 1999) cf. Albanerpeton nexuosum (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Batracosauroididae Gen. and sp. nov. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. nov. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Scinocomorpha Polyglyphanodontini Dicothodon cifellii (in Nydam and others, 2007) Chamops sp. cf. C. signus (in Nydam, 2013) Contogeniidae Utahgenys evansi (in Nydam, 2013) Paramacellodid/Cordylid grade Morphotype A-H (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha Anguidae aff. Odaxosaurus sp. (in Nydam, 2013) aff. Xenosaurida Cnodontosaurus sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Platynota Family incertae sedis Morphotype I-J (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) 283 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Serpentes Family incertae sedis Coniophis sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Dinosauria Ornithopoda Iguanodontia gen. and sp. indet. (in Gates and others, 2013) Multituberculata ?Taeniolabidoidea Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 1995) Suborder and family incertae sedis - Paracimexomys group Paracimexomys sp. cf. P. robisoni (in Eaton, 1995) Bryceomys fumosus (in Eaton, 1995) ` Bryceomys sp. cf. B. fumosus (in Eaton, 1995) Bryceomys hadrosus (in Eaton, 1995) Bryceomys sp. (in Eaton, 1995) Symmetrodonta Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Cifelli and Gordon, 1999) Spalacotheriidae Symmetrodontoides oligodontos (in Cifelli and Gordon, 1999) Spalacotheridium mckennai (in Cifelli and Gordon, 1999) Aegialodontia Deltatheridiidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Cifelli, 1990a) Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Cifelli, 1990a) Marsupialia Family incertae sedis ?Varalphadon delicates (in Cifelli, 1990a) ?Stagodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Cifelli, 1990a) John Henry Member (basal - Coniacian), Straight Cliffs Formation (Localities: OMNH V856; UMNH VP 663) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea Family incertae sedis Pseudomyledaphus madseni (Kirkland and others, 2013) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Scapherpetontidae Scapherpeton tectum (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) John Henry Member (Santonian), Straight Cliffs Formation (Localities: UMNH VP 98, 99, 567; OMNH V27; MNA 706) 284 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Neoselachii Ginglymostomatidae Cantioscyllium markaguntensis (Kirkland and others, 2013) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea Family incertae sedis Pseudomyledaphus madseni (Kirkland and others, 2013) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Batracosauroididae Opistotriton kayi (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Scincomorpha Paramacellodid/Cordylid grade Monocnemodon syphakos (in Nydam, 2013) Morphotype A (in Nydam, 2013) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Cedaromys sp. cf. C. hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2006b) Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2006b) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2006b) Cimolodontidae Cimolodon foxi (in Eaton, 2006b) Cimolodon sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) ?Cimolodon sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Cimolomyidae ?Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Theria Spalacotheriidae Spalacotherium sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Symmetrodontoides sp. cf. S. oligodontos (in Cifelli and Gordon, 1999) Family incertae sedis Potamotelses sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Picopsis sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Marsupialia “Alphadontidae” Alphadon sp. cf. A. halleyi (in Eaton, 2006b) Varalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) 285 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 ?Stagodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2006b) Family incertae sedis ?Anchistodelphys sp. (in Eaton, 2006b) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2006b) Wahweap Formation, Middle Campanian (Localities: OMNH V2, 8, 11, 16; UMNH VP 82, 130; MNA 455, 456, 702, 705, 707, 1015, 1294) Elasmobranchii Hybodontidae Hybodus sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Lonchidiidae Lonchidion sp. (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Neoselachii Ginglymostomatidae Cantioscyllium estesi (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Hemiscyllidae Chiloscyllium missouriense (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea Family incertae sedis Cristomylus cifellii (Kirkland and others, 2013) Sclerorhynchiformes Sclerorhynchiidae Columbusia deblieuxi (Kirkland and others, 2013) Texatrygon brycensis (Kirkland and others, 2013) Osteichthyes-Neopterygii Amiidae Melvius cf. M. chauliodous (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) Lepisostidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) Actinopterygii Polydontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Urodela Batracosauroididae Opistotriton kayi (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Family incertae sedis Nezpercius dodsoni (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Scotiophryne pustulosa (in Roček and others, 2010) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010) Testudines Baenidae Arvinochelys sp. (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) 286 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Denazinamys nodosa (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) Neurankylus sp. (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) Nanhsiungchelyidae Basilemys sp. (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) Trionychidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Holroyd and Hutchison, 2016) Squamata cf. Anguimorpha indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Serpentes Family incertae sedis Coniophis sp. (in Nydam, 2013) cf. Scincomorpha – Family incertae sedis Morphotype A (in Nydam, 2013) Gen, and sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Dinosauria-Saurischia Theropoda-Tyrannosauridae Lythronax argestes (Lowen and others, 2013c). Dinosauria-Ornithischia Ornithopoda-Hadrosauridae Saurolophinae Acristavus sp. (in Gates and others, 2013) c.f. Brachylophosaurus sp. (in Gates and others, 2013) Lambeosaurinae (crested hadrosaurs) Adelolophus hutchisoni (Gates and others, 2014) Ceratopsidae Centrosaurinae Diabloceratops eatoni (Kirkland and DeBlieux, 2010) Machairoceratops cronusi (Lund and others, 2016) “Wahweap centrosaurine C” (in Loewen and others, 2013b) Pachcephalosauridae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Evans and others, 2013) Multituberculata Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Gen. and sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2002) ?Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 2002) cf. Paracimexomys sp. A (in Eaton, 2002) cf. Paracimexomys sp. B (in Eaton, 2002) Bryceomys sp. cf. B. fumosus (in Eaton, 2002) Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2002) cf. Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2002) ?Cimexomys sp. cf. C. antiguus (in Eaton, 2002) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. formosa (in Eaton, 2002) Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2002) Mesodma sp. cf. M. archibaldi (in Eaton, 2002) 287 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Cimolodontidae Cimolodon electus (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodon similis (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. nitidus (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. foxi (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodon sp. (small) (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolomyidae Cimolomys sp. cf. C. trochuus (in Eaton, 2002) ?Cimolomys sp. A (in Eaton, 2002) ?Cimolomys sp. B (in Eaton, 2002) ?Cimolomys sp. C (large) (in Eaton, 2002) Meniscoessus sp. cf. M. intermedius (in Eaton, 2002) Symmetrodonta Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Cifelli and Gordon, 1999) Spalacotheriidae Symmetrodontoides foxi (in Cifelli and Madsen, 1986; Cifelli and Gordon, 1999) Order and Family incertae sedis Zygiocuspis goldingi (in Cifelli, 1990c) Marsupialia “Alphadontidae” Varalphadon crebreforme (in Cifelli, 1990b) Varalphadon wahweapensis (in Cifelli, 1990b) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Cifelli, 1990b) ?Marsupialia Family incertae sedis Iugomortiferum thoringtoni (in Cifelli, 1990b) cf. Iugomortiferum sp. (in Cifelli, 1990b) Insectivora ?Nyctitheriidae Paranyctoides sp. (in Cifelli, 1990e) Kaiparowits Formation, Upper Campanian (Localities: OMNH V5, 6, 9, 61; UMNH VP 24, 25, 51, 54, 56, 108, 1078, 1268; MNA 453, 454, 458, 697, 704, 1004, 1310; UCM 83240; 83258; for turtle bearing localities see Hutchison and others, 2013) Neoselachii Hemiscyllidae Chiloscyllium missouriense (in Kirkland and others, 2013) Batomorphii Rhinobatoidea Family incertae sedis Myledaphus bipartitus (Kirkland and others, 2013) Sclerorhynchiformes Sclerorhynchiidae Columbusia deblieuxi (Kirkland and others, 2013) Osteichthyes-Neopterygii 288 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Semionotidae Lepidotes sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Amiidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Lepisostidae Lepisosteus sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Teleostei Osteoglossomorpha Family incertae sedis Coriops sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Hiodontidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman, 2013) Albulidae Parabula sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Clupeiformes Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. type G (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Otophysi Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Characiformes Family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Euteleostei Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. U-4 (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Esocoidea Family incertae sedis Estesesox foxi (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Estesesox sp. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. type BvE (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Acanthomorpha Order and family incertae sedis Gen. and sp. indet. (in Brinkman and others, 2013) Allocaudata Albanerpetontidae Albanerpeton galaktion (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Albanerpeton gracile (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Albanerpeton nexuosum (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Scapherpetontidae Scapherpeton tectum (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Lisserpeton bairdi (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Batracosauroididae Opistotriton kayi (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Prodesmondon copei (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Sirenidae Habrosaurus sp. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Anura Family incertae sedis Scotiophryne pustulosa (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) 289 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Theatonius sp. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) cf. Eopelobates sp. (in Gardner and Demar, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Roček and others, 2010; Roček and others, 2013) Scincomorpha Borioteiioidea Peneteius saueri (in Nydam, 2013) Meniscognathus molybrochorus (Nydam and Voci, 2007) Chamops sp. cf. C. segnis (in Nydam, 2013) cf. Leptochamops sp. (in Nydam and Voci, 2007) Tripennaculus eatoni (in Nydam and Voci, 2007) Contogeniidae Palaeoscincosaurus pharkidodon (Nydam and Fitzpatrick, 2009) Paramacellodid/Cordylid Grade Morphotype A-G (in Nydam, 2013) Anguimorpha Anguidae Odaxosaurus roosevelti (in Nydam, 2013) Xenosauridae ?Exostinus sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Platynota Family incertae sedis Parasaniwa cynochoros (Nydam, 2013) Morphotypes H-J (in Nydam, 2013) Serpentes Family incertae sedis Coniophis sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Testudines Pleurosternidae Compsemys victa (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Baenidae Neurankylus hutchisoni (Lively, 2015b; new sp. A in Hutchison and others, 2013) Neurankylus utahensis (Lively, 2015b; new sp. B in Hutchison and others, 2013) Arvinachelys goldeni (Lively, 2015a) Denazinemys nodosa (in Hutchison and others, 2013; Lively, 2015b) Boremys grandis (in Hutchison and others, 2013; Lively, 2015b) Plesiobaena sp. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Thescelus sp. (Lively, 2015b) Chelydridae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Kinosternidae Gen. and sp. indet. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Adocidae Adocus sp. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Nanhsiungchelyidae Basilemys nobilis (in Hutchison and others, 2013) 290 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Trionychidae Helopanoplia sp. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Aspideretoides sp. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Derrisemys sp. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Plastomenoides sp. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Hutchison and others, 2013) Crocodylia Neosuchia cf. Denazinasuchus sp. Alligatoroidea Family incertae sedis cf. Leidyosuchus sp. (in Farke and others, 2014) Deinosuchus hatcheri (in Irmis and others, 2013) Brachychampsa sp. (in Irmis and others, 2013) ?Pterosauria Gen. and sp. indet (in Farke and others, 2013) Dinosauria-Saurischia Theropoda-Ornithomimidae Ornithomimus sp. indet. (in Claessens and Loewen, 2015) Oviraptoridae Hagryphus giganteus (Zanno and Sampson, 2005) Dromaeosauridae Morphotype A (cf. Dromaeosaurus) (in Zanno and others, 2013) Morphotype B (cf. Saurornitholestes) (in Zanno and others, 2013) Troodontidae Talos sampsoni (Zanno and others, 2011) Aviales Avisaurus sp. (in Zanno and others, 2013) Tyrannosauridae Teratophoneus curriei (Carr and others, 2011) Dinosauria-Ornithischia Hypsilophodontidae Gen and sp. nov. (in Boyd, 2015, “hypsilophodontid” in Gates and others, 2013) Hadrosauridae-Saurolophinae Gryposaurus cf. G. notabilis (in Gates and others, 2013) Gryposaurus monumentensis (Gates and Sampson, 2007) Hadrosauridae-Lambeosaurinae Parasaurolophus sp. (in Gates and others, 2013) Ceratopsidae-Chasmosaurinae Utahceratops gettyi (Sampson and others, 2010) Kosmoceratops richardsoni (Sampson and others, 2010) Ceratopsidae-Centrosaurinae Nasutoceratops titusi (Sampson and others, 2013) “Centrosaurine B” (in Loewen and others, 2013b) Pachycephalosauridae (dome-headed dinosaurs) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Evans and others, 2013) 291 Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits Plateaus, Southern Utah Titus, A.L., Eaton, J.G., and Sertich, J. Geology of the Intermountain West 2016 Volume 3 Nodosauridae (spike-tailed armored dinosaurs) Gen. and sp. indet. (in Loewen and others, 2013a) Ankylosauridae New genus and species A (in Viersma, 2015) New genus and species B (in Viersma, 2015) Mammalia-Multituberculata Family incertae sedis Cimexomys sp. cf. C. judithae (in Eaton, 2002) Cimexomys or Mesodma sp. (in Eaton, 2002) Family incertae sedis – Paracimexomys group Cedaromys hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2002) Cedaromys sp. (in Eaton, 2002) Dakotamys magnus (in Eaton, 2002) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma archibaldi (in Eaton, 2002) Mesodma sp. cf. M. archibaldi (in Eaton, 2002) Mesodma minor (in Eaton, 2002) Mesodma sp. (large) (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodontidae Cimolodon foxi (in Eaton 2002) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. nitidus (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. similis (in Eaton, 2002) ?Cimolodontidae Kaiparomys cifellii (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolomyidae Meniscoessus sp. cf. M. intermedius (in Eaton, 2002) Meniscoessus sp. cf. M. major (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolomys sp. A cf. C. clarki (in Eaton, 2002) Cimolomys sp. B cf. C. clarki (in Eaton, 2002) ?Cimolomyidae ?Cimolomys butleria (in Eaton, 2002) Marsupialia Family incertae sedis Aenigmadelphys archeri (in Cifelli, 1990d; Cifelli and Johanson, 1994) “Alphadontidae” Varalphadon wahweapensis (in Cifelli, 1990d) Turgidodon lillegraveni (in Cifelli, 1990d) Turgidodon sp. cf. T. lillegraveni (in Cifelli, 1990d) Turgidodon madseni (in Cifelli, 1990d) Turgidodon sp. (in Cifelli, 1990d) Alphadon halleyi (in Cifelli, 1990d) “Alphadon attaragos” (in Cifelli, 1990d) Insectivora Leptictidae Gypsonictops sp. (in Cifelli, 1990e) ?Nyctitheriidae Paranyctoides sp. (in Cifelli, 1990e) Order and family incertae sedis Avitotherium utahensis (in Cifelli, 1990e)