GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Volume 12 2025 This is an open-access article in which the Utah Geological Association permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of text and figures that are not noted as copyrighted, provided the original author and source are credited. Email inquiries to GIW@utahgeology.org. A VISUAL PALEONTOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF UTAH’S NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Production Cover Design and Desktop Publishing Douglas A. Sprinkel Cover An extant American bison strides atop an underlying sequence of Phanerozoic strata and fossils. These are arranged by geologic period (Cambrian, Permian, Early Triassic, Late Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Quaternary) and from left (west) to right (east) in approximate accordance with their occurrence across the National Park Service areas of Utah. Iconic rock formations representing the “Mighty Five” national parks (Zion, Bryce Canyon, Capitol Reef, Canyonlands, and Arches National Parks) form the nearest skyline, and other landmarks (Powell Point to the west and the Henry Mountains to the east) form the horizon. Artwork by Benji Paysnoe, CAMBEN Creatives LLC, used with permission. i Become a member of the UGA to help support the work of the Association and receive notices for monthly meetings, annual field conferences, and new publi- cations. Annual membership is $30 and annual student membership is only $5. Visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information and membership application. 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Volume 12 2025 Geology of the Intermountain West (GIW) is an open-access journal in which the Utah Geological As- sociation permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of text and figures that are not noted as copyrighted, provided the original author and source are credited. 2025–2026 UGA Board President Rob Buehring robbuehring@yahoo.com 713.412.9269 President-Elect Trae Boman traebgeologist@gmail.com 801.648.5206 Program Chair Mike Arnoff marnoff@utah.gov 385.303.0431 Treasurer Will Hurlbut wdhurlbut@gmail.com 860.733.3190 Secretary Kylie Arcaris kaarcaris@gmail.com 801.628.6731 Past President Keilee Higgs keileeann@utah.gov 801.678.3683 UGA Committees Environmental Affairs Seeking a Volunteer Geologic Road Sign Greg Gavin greggavin@gmail.com 513.509.1509 Historian Paul Anderson paul@pbageo.com 801.364.6613 Outreach Greg Nielsen gnielsen@weber.edu 801.626.6394 Public Education Zach Anderson zanderson@utah.gov 801.537.3300 Matt Affolter gfl247@yahoo.com Publications Paul Inkenbrandt paulinkenbrandt@utah.gov 801.537.3361 Publicity Paul Inkenbrandt paulinkenbrandt@utah.gov 801.537.3361 Social/Recreation Roger Bon rogerbon@xmission.com 801.580.1331 AAPG House of Delegates 2023–2026 Term David A. Wavrek dwavrek@petroleumsystems.com 801.322.2915 State Mapping Advisory Committee UGA Representative Bill Loughlin bill@loughlinwater.com 435.649.4005 UGA Newsletter Newsletter Editor Mike Barber uga.newsletter@gmail.com 435.640.1382 UGA Website — www.utahgeology.org Webmaster Paul Inkenbrandt paulinkenbrandt@utah.gov 801.537.3361 Scholarship Golf Tournament Co-Chair Rick Ford rford@weber.edu 801.915.3188 Co-Chair John South jsouth@utah.gov 385.266.2113 Earthquake Safety Committee Chair Seeking a Volunteer Douglas A. Sprinkel Azteca Geosolutions 801.391.1977 GIW@utahgeology.org dsprinkel@gmail.com Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr. Utah Geological Survey, Emeritus 801.824.0738 tomchidsey@gmail.com Bart J. Kowallis Brigham Young University 801.380.2736 bkowallis@gmail.com Steven Schamel GeoX Consulting, Inc. 801.583.1146 geox-slc@comcast.net John R. Foster Utah Field House of Natural History State Park Museum 435.789.3799 johnfoster@utah.gov William R. Lund Utah Geological Survey, Emeritus 435.590.1338 williamlundugs@gmail.com Editors GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 12 2025 221 ABSTRACT The National Park Service (NPS) stewards 13 park units across the State of Utah, which is world-renowned for its stunning landscapes, complex geologic history, and globally significant fossil assemblages. Although most NPS areas in Utah are best known for their scenic landscapes, they all preserve geologic records with significant paleontological resources. The NPS Paleontology Program, through sustained partnership with such organizations as the Utah Geological Survey and the Utah Geological Association, has conducted years of field inventory and outreach to promote the stewardship, study, and education on paleontological resources within the NPS administered lands. The most comprehensive and publicly available literature reviews on fossils across Utah’s NPS areas were completed more than a decade ago, and numerous field in- ventories and publications have since been completed. This document serves as a thorough update to those previous works by providing detailed and easily comprehensible biostratigraphic diagrams with accompa- nying descriptions for each NPS unit in Utah. By providing this resource, this document aims to support park managers, educators, and external partners in protecting, preserving, and educating the public on the diverse and scientifically significant paleontological resources across the NPS areas of Utah. A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran1, Andrew R.C. Milner2, Justin S. Tweet3*, Donald D. DeBlieux4*, ReBecca Hunt-Foster5, Austin B. Shaffer6, James I. Kirkland4**, Ethan Warner-Cowgill4***, and Vincent L. Santucci3** 1Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA; derektran@isu.edu 2St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, St. George, UT 84790 USA; arcmilner@gmail.com 3National Park Service Paleontology Program, Washington, D.C. 20240 USA; 3*Justin_Tweet@nps.gov, 3**npspaleo12@gmail.com 4Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; 4*dondeblieux@utah.gov, 4**jameskirkland@utah.gov, 4***ecowgill@utah.gov 5Dinosaur National Monument, UT USA; rebecca_hunt-foster@nps.gov 6School of Earth, Environment, and Sustainability, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA 52242 USA; austin-shaffer@uiowa.edu Citation for this article. Tran, T., Milner, A.R.C., Tweet, J.S., DeBlieux, D.D., Hunt-Foster, R., Shaffer, A.B., Kirkland, J.I., Warner-Cowgill, E., and Santucci, V.L., 2025, A visual paleontological inventory of Utah’s National Park Service areas: Geology of the Intermountain West, v. 12, p. 221–292, https://doi.org/10.31711/giw. v12.pp221-292. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (NPS) ABBREVIATIONS ARCH, Arches National Park; BRCA, Bryce Can- yon National Park; CANY, Canyonlands National Park; CARE, Capitol Reef National Park; CEBR, Cedar Breaks National Monument; DINO, Dinosaur National Monument; GLCA, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area; GOSP, Golden Spike National Historical Park; HOVE, Hovenweep National Monument; NABR, Nat- ural Bridges National Monument; RABR, Rainbow Bridge National Monument; TICA, Timpanogos Cave National Monument; ZION, Zion National Park. 222 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 BACKGROUND The State of Utah is home to 13 NPS areas: one na- tional historical park (GOSP), one national recreation area (GLCA), six national monuments (CEBR, DINO, HOVE, NABR, RABR, TICA), and five national parks (ARCH, BRCA, CANY, CARE, ZION). These were col- lectively dubbed the “Mighty Five” national parks in a campaign by the Utah Office of Tourism Industry in the early 2010s) (Figure 1). The NPS also co-administers the Old Spanish National Historic Trail (NHT) along- side the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which connects Los Angeles, California, with Santa Fe, New Mexico, and crosses through south-central Utah (90th Congress, 1968; 107th Congress, 2002). Several fossils were reported by the Macomb Expedition of 1859 in California, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, including the holotype of the sauropod Dystrophaeus viaemalae from the Tidwell Member of the Upper Jurassic Morri- son Formation close to the trail near Moab, Utah (New- berry et al., 1876; Cope, 1877). Despite the occurrence of these important fossils, the fact the Old Spanish NHT spans across several states means that it falls beyond the scope of what is covered in this document. Utah’s NPS areas are renowned for their visually striking landscapes and unique geologic features, such as the eponymous rock arches of ARCH and the enig- matic hoodoos of BRCA, as well as their rich natural and cultural history. Historically, these areas were inhabited by diverse indigenous peoples who were displaced over the course of the 16th through 19th centuries with the arrival of Spanish explorers and Mormon pioneers. It was these collective communities who first experienced the wonder that these landscapes inspire in current and future generations. The settlement of Euro-American communities across Utah in the 19th century paved the way for devel- opments in the early 20th century, especially the estab- lishment of these areas as federally protected national parks and monuments. Starting with President Theo- dore Roosevelt’s designation of NABR in 1908 (Roos- evelt, 1908), several presidents in the early 20th century invoked the Antiquities Act of 1906 (59th Congress, 1906) to protect these lands as national monuments (ZION, Taft, 1909; Wilson, 1918; RABR, Taft, 1910; DINO, Wilson, 1915; TICA, Harding, 1922; HOVE, Harding, 1923a; BRCA, Harding, 1923b; ARCH, Hoover, 1929; CARE, Roosevelt, 1937). Following the formal creation of the National Park Service through the Organic Act of 1916 (64th Congress, 1916), some of the previously established national monuments were re-designated as national parks through Acts of Congress (ARCH, 92nd Congress, 1971; BRCA, 68th Congress, 1924; 70th Con- gress, 1928; and ZION, 66th Congress, 1919). In the lat- ter half of the 20th century, park units were established almost exclusively through Acts of Congress (CANY, 88th Congress, 1964; GOSP, 89th Congress, 1965; GLCA, 92nd Congress, 1972). By designating these lands under the stewardship of the NPS, the natural and cultural re- sources contained within fell under federal protection. Little known to legislators and the general public at the time of their establishment (with the notable excep- tion of DINO), the paleontological resources contained within each and, as it turned out, every park unit in Utah fell within this purview. Since the late 2010s, the “Mighty Five” national parks have hosted approximately 13.5 million visitors annually, and that number is expected to grow as time progresses (NPS, 2025a; Table 1). This naturally places strain on the management of people and visitors at these and other parks as growing visitation increases the like- lihood of human-caused disturbance to paleontological and other natural resources (e.g., trampling, deliberate vandalization, and/or theft). The recognition of the significance of paleontologi- cal resources in parks is a relatively recent development, and thus few parks have robust internal programs for managing and monitoring them. Therefore, manage- ment, research, and educating the public about park fossils is often done in collaboration with outside enti- ties and through internships and short-term positions. Most NPS areas with paleontological resources re- quest support from the NPS Paleontology Program, which provides agency-wide support to at least 288 parks with fossil-related needs. Ideally, parks should develop programs outlined in the Paleontological Re- sources Preservation Act of 2009 (PRPA; 111th Con- gress, 2009) and NPS Management Policies (2006, 223 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Section 4.8.2.1). Utah’s national parks and monuments display a strong and complex geological and paleonto- logical history, mostly in the Mesozoic Era or “Age of Reptiles” (Figure 2), thanks to the state’s geographic and physical features (e.g., the Grand Staircase geologic fea- ture, which includes BRCA, CEBR, ZION, and GLCA), making them excellent places for research and outreach as resources permit. Despite the overall lack of sustained paleontological programs across Utah’s national parks, short-term field inventories have been coordinated by the NPS Paleon- tology Program through partnerships with professional Figure 1. A map of Utah showing its 13 national parks and monuments managed by the NPS. The “Mighty Five” national parks are noted by an asterisk after their name (*). Scale bar equals 60 miles (about 96.5 km). Park unit boundaries adopt- ed from data produced by the NPS Land Resources Division (https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6f2f40e0b1c- 74b8ea886261fe8e0431f). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 224 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 paleontologists, collaboration with outside researchers, and recruitment of paleontology interns to help them protect, monitor, and study their fossils (ARCH, Swan- son et al., 2005, Madsen et al., 2012; BRCA, Tran et al., 2024; CANY, DeBlieux et al., 2021, 2023, 2024; CARE, Kirkland et al., 2014a, 2020; GLCA, Kirkland et al., 2010; Milner et al., 2024; ZION, DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006; Clites and Santucci, 2012). Literature reviews have also been published (Koch and Santucci, 2002; Tweet et al., 2009, 2012b through 2012l). However, these reports often contain sensitive locality information, which pro- hibits public dissemination in order to protect the vul- nerable and nonrenewable fossils discussed within. Despite this limitation, the NPS Paleontology Pro- gram has, over the last 23 years, published both sensi- tive and public versions of park-specific paleontological resource inventory reports and management plans to increase information accessibility and outreach impact (e.g., Varela et al., 2019; Kottkamp et al., 2020; Salcido et al., 2022). Public versions of these documents are easily searchable and are distributed openly to park staff and partner organizations. However, most of the NPS-pro- duced field inventories in Utah predated this practice, as Utah and Colorado parks served as pilot programs for NPS Paleontology Program in the late 1990s through the early 2000s. Just two public paleontological resource inventory reports are currently available for NPS units in Utah (ARCH, Swanson et al., 2005; BRCA, Tran et al., 2024). Other avenues used by the NPS Paleontology Pro- gram for promoting the integration of and education on paleontological resource management include the Park Paleontology Newsletter (e.g., Hunt-Foster, 2021; DeBlieux et al., 2022; Henderek, 2023; Tran, 2023a), the Parks Stewardship Forum (e.g., Santucci et al., 2024; Hunt-Foster, 2024), and the annual National Fossil Day (NFD) event hosted at several parks across the agency. A few Utah parks have been showcased through fossil logo artwork related to NFD, commissioned by the NPS Paleontology Program (BRCA, DINO, GLCA, ZION; Figure 3). Many NPS units in Utah are highlighted in, or are directly involved with these educational efforts, as they provide opportunities to showcase ongoing research and management projects (ARCH, BRCA, CARE, CANY, DINO, GLCA, ZION). Even so, these publications are often focused on current work, and full overviews of each park’s paleontology and geology are beyond the scope of these materials. These factors discussed above have prevented the public, park staff, and often potential researchers from receiving complete and accurate information on the complete scope of the fossils documented in each of Utah’s national parks and monuments. Materials creat- ed by non-NPS agencies, especially the Utah Geolog- ical Survey (UGS), Utah Friends of Paleontology, and University of Utah Press have provided invaluable ed- ucational overviews of dinosaur fossils found across the state (Figure 4) (Gillette, 1999; DeCourten, 2013; Kirkland et al., 2024). By comparison, the most com- prehensive overviews of paleontological resources with particular focus on NPS areas in Utah were included in previous editions of Geology of Utah’s Parks and Mon- uments, produced by the Utah Geological Association Park Unit Visitation in 2024 Highest Annual Visitation (Year) ARCH* 1,482,045 1,806,865 (2021) BRCA* 2,498,075 2,679,478 (2018) CANY* 818,492 911,594 (2021) CARE* 1,422,490 1,422,490 (2024) CEBR 722,834 909,199 (2017) DINO 326,529 534,274 (1993) GLCA 4,725,610 5,206,934 (2023) GOSP 53,015 169,600 (1969) HOVE 35,231 47,593 (1999) NABR 83,760 151,504 (1993) RABR 17,488 346,151 (1995) TICA 114,034 226,600 (1974) ZION* 4,946,592 5,039,835 (2021) TOTAL (2024) 17,256,195 Table 1. Recent and record visitation numbers at Utah’s NPS units. The “Mighty Five” national parks are noted by an aster- isk after their name (*). Data available at https://irma.nps.gov/ Stats/SSRSReports/Park%20Specific%20Reports/Annual%20 Park%20Recreation%20Visitation%20(1904%20-%20Last%20 Calendar%20Year)?Park=TICA (accessed April 21, 2025). 225 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 66.0 Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Early shelled organisms Trilobite maximum Early fishes First land plants First amphibians First rep�les Coal-forming swamps First dinosaurs, mammals, pterosaurs Diverse dinosaurs Early flowering plants Ice ages in North America Present day 33.9 56.0 23.03 CE N O ZO IC M ES O ZO IC JU RA SS IC M ID M ID M ID M . LA TE LA TE LA TE L. L. L. LA TE Pa l. Eo ce ne O lig . M io ce ne EA RL Y EA RL Y EA RL Y E. E. E. M ID . M ID . EP O CH 2 M IA O - LI N GI AN FU RO N - GI AN TE RR E- N EU VI AN M ID . L. E. EA RL Y TR IA SS IC PE RM IA N DE VO N IA N O RD O VI CI AN SI LU RI AN CA M BR IA N NEOPRO- TEROZOIC PE N N . PA LE O GE N E N EO GE N E CA RB O N IF ER O U S TE RT IA RY M IS S. CR ET AC EO U S PA LE O ZO IC 5.332.58 0 MYA 100.5 ~113 ~125 358.9 419.2 382.7 393.3 485.4 ~497 ~509 ~521 443.8 458.4 470.0 541.0 323.2 330.9 346.7 315.2 298.9 307.0 251.9 259.5 273.01 247.2 ~237 201.3 174.1 163.5 ~145 CA RE * QUATERNARY Pliocene Salt Lake City DINO GOSP TICA CANY NABR HOVE RABR BRCA*CEBR Ogden St. George Logan Provo ARIZONA NM WYOMING UTAH CO LO RA DO N EV AD A 0 30 60 miles N I-15 I-70 I-15 ZION* ARCH*CARE* CANY* GLCA Hadrosaur bones and footprints (BRCA) Diverse dinosaur tracks (ARCH) Diverse plesiosaurs (GLCA) Mammoth jaw (ARCH) Bison vertebra (ZION) Apatosaurus louisae and many other dinosaurs (DINO) Phytosaur bones and teeth (CANY and other parks) Diverse plants (CARE) Vertebrate trackways (GLCA) GEOLOGIC TIME IN UTAH’S NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS Geologic �me scale modified from Walker et al. (2022). Age ranges es�mated from Tweet et al. (2009, 2012b through 2012l). The “Mighty Five” na�onal parks are noted by an asterisk a�er their name (*). Horn corals (TICA and other parks) Crinoids (ARCH, GLCA) Tritylodont bonebeds (GLCA) Grallator tracks (ZION and other parks) Trilobites (DINO) Freshwater snails (BRCA) Meekocera�d ammonites (ZION) LEGEND Preserved sedimentary rock / geologic �me Missing sedimentary rock / geologic �me BR CA * CE BR ZI O N * SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST NORTH- WEST UTAH GENERALIZED PALEONTOLOGY GL CA AR CH * CA N Y* RA BR N AB R GO SP TI CA HO VE DI N O Figure 2. Utah national parks and monuments mapped against the geologic time scale. Time scale modified from Walker et al. (2022). Age estimates from Tweet et al. (2009, 2012b through 2012l). 226 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 (UGA; Santucci, 2000, later expanded and updated into Santucci and Kirkland, 2010). However, more than a decade has passed since these materials were first pub- lished. In that time, several inventories, publications, conference abstracts, and outreach materials on fossils in Utah’s NPS areas have been produced (e.g., Lockley et al., 2004; DeBlieux et al., 2006; Eaton, 2013; Martz et al., 2017; Bennett et al., 2023; Milner et al., 2023a, 2023b, 2024; Santucci et al., 2024; Tran et al., 2024). These advancements render the UGA reviews outdated. This document aims to serve as a comprehensive update to Santucci (2000) and Santucci and Kirkland (2010) by providing diagrams that compile all of the most recent and accurate data available on the paleontology and ge- ology of each national park and monument in Utah. METHODS This work began after the Tut Tran created a bio- stratigraphic diagram for BRCA, first for the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 83rd Annual Meeting (Tran, 2023b), and subsequently for the full BRCA Paleonto- logical Resource Inventory (Tran et al., 2024). Vince Santucci requested that Tran make similar diagrams for all NPS units in Utah, as the parks and monuments throughout the state are known to produce many sig- nificant fossils (e.g., DINO, GLCA, ARCH, etc.). The impetus for this work was, in part, to serve as an up- date on previous reviews on paleontological resources in NPS areas in Utah, especially Santucci (2000) and Santucci and Kirkland (2010). More importantly, this document fills in a gap created by the exclusion of an updated chapter from the most recent edition of Geolo- gy of Utah’s Parks and Monuments (Sprinkel et al., 2024), a volume which is widely distributed by the UGA and serves as an important source for geological education and outreach, due to constraints. This document allows UGA and NPS to provide an easily accessible avenue on park paleontological resources that, importantly, have been greatly expanded to include detailed and eas- ily comprehensible biostratigraphic diagrams for each park. The organisms represented in each park diagram are derived from NPS-produced inventories and field reports produced by partner researchers, especially the UGS. The inventory reports of Tweet et al. (2009, 2012b through 2012l) served as good overviews of NPS paleontological resources. More recent reports were added to this baseline. Figure 3. National Fossil Day park logos (from left to right) for Bryce Canyon National Park (drafted for use in 2028), Dino- saur National Monument (drafted for use c. 2013), Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (2024), and Zion National Park (drafted for use in 2029), depicting fossil taxa and paleoenvironments documented at each park unit. Artwork by Studio105. 227 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 4. Dinosaurs of Utah mapped against the state’s geologic formations and a geologic time scale. Adopted from Ana- tomical Record (2023). 228 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 The stratigraphic columns included in this docu- ment were modified from several UGA and UGS pub- lications, especially existing stratigraphic columns and geologic maps (Doelling and Kuehne, 2007, 2013; An- derson et al., 2010; Biek et al., 2010, 2015; Constenius et al., 2011; Titus et al., 2016). The UGS maps cited have minor variations in their color designations for various geologic units. However, many of the Utah parks and monuments contain the same rock formations and/or units of roughly equivalent ages and depositional en- vironments. For the sake of simplicity, and to promote understanding of the geologic time, formations, and fossils that many parks share in common, most col- ors have been made uniform across the park diagrams and paleogeographic maps. Nomenclature for certain stratigraphic units, such as the members of the Chin- le Formation (ARCH, CANY, CARE, DINO, GLCA, NABR, ZION), the Wahweap Formation (BRCA), and the Mancos Group (ARCH, CARE, DINO) has been recently updated (Martz et al., 2017; Beveridge et al., 2022; Kirkland et al., 2025). These recent names have been applied to biostratigraphic diagrams where feasi- ble. Appropriate citations are listed within each diagram and its accompanying text. Colors for the geologic time scale were adopted from the Geologic Time Scale v. 6.0 (Walker et al., 2022). Fossil organisms recovered in NPS units are shown in their general stratigraphic context based on available data. Taxa that have been identified to the genus and/ or species level are explicitly shown with those diagno- ses; other identifications (e.g., Phytosauria indet.) are represented with a generalized individual of that taxon. Species that were described using type specimens origi- nating from NPS lands are starred. Body fossils are mostly represented by organisms drawn in the left-lateral view. Trace fossils (for which no representative body fossils have been documented) are displayed with a speculative reconstruction of a “pos- sible track maker.” The track maker is always walking toward the upper right-hand corner of each diagram. For example, the Eubrontes ichnogenus is common throughout NPS units containing the Kayenta and Na- vajo Sandstone formations. These footprints are repre- sented with a walking Dilophosaurus as their “possible track maker.” These reconstructions are included to help audiences visualize and understand the scope of biodiversity that trace fossils provide. Except in the case of ARCH, all taxa/ichnotaxa shown in these diagrams have been confirmed through available literature and archives to have been observed and/or collected at their respective parks. A comprehensive taxonomic list with citations, organized by park and geologic unit, is pro- vided in the appendix of this document. All biostratigraphic diagrams and paleogeographic maps throughout this paper were generated in Adobe Illustrator 2023. We provide a generalized geologic his- tory of the Utah NPS units below to broadly synthesize the geologic time and environments preserved across these parks and monuments. Individual park units are presented in alphabetical order. GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC HISTORY This section elaborates upon the geologic time scale shown in Figure 2. Whereas there is great variation in the geologic and taxonomic nomenclature for formations and fossils across the State of Utah, NPS units share deposi- tional environments, ecosystems, and fossils sufficiently to discuss geologic time on a grand scale. Here, we provide a review to help readers understand general patterns in ge- ology and paleontology across all of Utah’s national parks and monuments. Figure 5 shows a generalized stratigraphic column for Utah’s NPS areas, arranged from west to east. This figure provides a visual summary of all geology across the state’s NPS units (excluding igneous and metamorphic rocks) and is modeled after the “Dinosaurs of Utah” diagram from the UGS (Figure 4). However, Figure 5 is more compre- hensive in its temporal range as it also includes Paleozoic and Cenozoic strata. Formations (distinctive and mappa- ble geologic units) are scaled loosely in this figure against geologic time, not actual thickness. Subdivided members of formations are excluded except in the case of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation and the Early Cretaceous Ce- dar Mountain Formation because both formations repre- sent comparatively large stretches of geologic time (about 25 million years for the Chinle Formation, about 40 mil- lion years for the Cedar Mountain Formation). 229 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 CE N O ZO IC M ES O ZO IC JU RA SS IC M ID M ID M ID M . LA TE LA TE LA TE L. L. L. LA TE Pa l. Eo ce ne O lig . M io ce ne EA RL Y EA RL Y EA RL Y E. E. E. M ID . M ID . EP O CH 2 M IA O - LI N GI AN FU RO N - GI AN TE RR E- N EU VI AN M ID . L. E. EA RL Y TR IA SS IC PE RM IA N DE VO N IA N O RD O VI CI AN SI LU RI AN CA M BR IA N NEOPRO- TEROZOIC PE N N . PA LE O GE N E N EO GE N E CA RB O N IF ER O U S TE RT IA RY M IS SI SS IP PI AN CR ET AC EO U S CLARON FM BISHOP CONGL BR O W N S PA RK BOAT MESA CONGL BRIAN HEAD FM MORRISON FORMATION NAVAJO SANDSTONE KAYENTA FORMATION MOENKOPI FORMATION CEDAR MESA SS LOWER CUTLER ORGAN ROCK FM WHITE RIM SS HONAKER TRAIL FM PARADOX FM N U G -G ET NATURITA TROPIC SHALE MOW FRONT MUDDY STRAIGHT CLIFFS MANCOS GROUP TEMP CAP PAGE SS MOENAVE FM WINGATE SS CU TL ER G RP BU RR O C YN (H O VE ) GL EN C YN SA N RA FA EL CARMEL Shinarump Conglomerate Moss Back Mbr Petrified Forest Mbr Cameron Mbr Owl Rock Mbr Monitor Bu�e Kane Springs beds Church Rock Mbr ENTRADA SUMMERVILLE CURTIS STUMP MESAVERDE GROUPWAHWEAP UNNAMED K (CEBR) PA LE O ZO IC QUATERNARY Pliocene KAIBAB LIMESTONE QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS PARK CITY FM O Q U IR RH (G O SP o nl y) MORG. RV LSHE RM O SA GR O U P GR EA T BL U E LS DES LS FI TC HV IL LE DO LO M IT E MAX- FIELD TIN QTZ MUT- UAL FM OPHIR GARD LS DO U GH - N U T HUMBUG FORMATION MADI- SON PA RT IN G FM WEBER LOD- ORE UINTAH MT GROUP DI N O DI N O DI N O DI N O TI CA TI CA DI N O SW UTAH Sizes of forma�ons and members are approximated from ages, NOT from thickness. Column excludes igneous and metamorphic forma�ons. WEST EAST Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Mass ex�nc�on Early shelled organisms Trilobite maximum Early fishes First land plants First amphibians First rep�les Coal-forming swamps First dinosaurs, mammals, pterosaurs Diverse dinosaurs Supercon�nent Pangea intact Pangea breakup begins Immense sand dunes (ergs) Swamps and floodplains Sundance Seaway encroaches into southern Utah Ancestral Rocky Mountain upli� Western Interior Seaway evolu�on “Lake Carpenter” prominent in eastern Utah “Lake Too’di’chi” prominent in Four Corners region Sevier orogeny Laramide orogeny Freshwater lake systems across Utah Basin and Range extension Colorado Plateau upli� Early flowering plants Ice ages in North America Present day GLOBAL GEOLOGIC AND BIOLOGIC EVENTS (C) GEOLOGIC CONTEXT(B) GENERALIZED PALEONTOLOGY(A) GEOLOGIC UNITS GENERALIZED GEOLOGY OF UTAH’S NPS AREAS UTAH GEOLOGIC EVENTS AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS Hadrosaur bones and footprints (Wahweap Fm at BRCA) Diverse dinosaur tracks (Cedar Mountain Fm at ARCH) Diverse plesiosaurs (Tropic Shale at GLCA) Mammoth jaw (Q seds at ARCH) Bison vertebra (Q seds at ZION) Apatosaurus louisae (Morrison Fm at DINO) Phytosaur bones and teeth (Chinle Fm at CANY and other parks) Diverse plants (Chinle Fm at CARE) Vertebrate trackways (Cedar Mesa Sandstone at GLCA) Horn corals (Deseret Limestone at TICA) Crinoids (Paradox Fm in ARCH, GLCA) Tritylodont bonebeds (Navajo Sandstone at GLCA) (Possible track maker) Segisaurus Grallator tracks (Navajo Sandstone at ZION and other parks) Trilobites (Lodore Fm at DINO) Freshwater snails (Claron Fm at BRCA) (Possible track macker) Gastonia sp. Meekocera�d ammonites (Moenkopi Fm at ZION) CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION (Undivided) CH IN LE F M CH IN LE F M Ruby Ranch Mbr Poison Strip Mbr Yellow Cat Mbr Buck- horn Congl Muss. Mbr Figure 5. Generalized geology in Utah’s NPS areas. (A) Geologic formations mapped against geologic time, (B) gen- eralized paleontology, and (C) major global and regional geologic and biologic events. Ages for members of the Chinle and Cedar Mountain Formations were approximated from Martz et al. (2017), Joeckel et al. (2020), and Suarez et al. (2023). 230 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 The Neoproterozoic Era The oldest strata recorded in any NPS area within Utah are of Neoproterozoic age. Such strata are only found in the Uinta Mountain Group at DINO (Evanoff, 1988) and the more recent Mutual Formation at TICA (Constenius et al., 2011). Neither have yet yielded fossils in the NPS areas, although the Uinta Mountain Group has yielded microfossils elsewhere in Utah (Nagy and Porter, 2005). The Paleozoic Era DINO and TICA are also the only NPS units in Utah to contain Cambrian-aged rocks. These are the Lodore Formation at DINO, and from oldest to young- est, the Tintic Quartzite, Ophir Formation, and Max- field Limestone at TICA. Strata from the Cambrian Pe- riod record times during which most of western Utah was submerged in shallow seas (Blakey and Middleton, 2012; Figure 6A). The advance and retreat of oceanic boundaries and seaways surrounding and even sub- merging Utah is a constant theme across Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras in Utah. Ordovician and Silurian formations are not ex- posed (or absent) in NPS units in Utah; however, out- crops preserving these systems are prevalent along the western margin of the state, especially the Ordovician (Harris and Sheehan, 1997; Clark et al., 2023a). Notably, DINO records igneous dikes of Cambrian–Early Ordo- vician age (NPS Geologic Resources Division, 2006). The only park units to record Devonian time are DINO and TICA. At DINO, the Devonian is preserved with- in the newly reported Parting Formation between the underlying Lodore Formation (Cambrian) and overly- ing Madison Limestone (Mississippian) (Myrow et al., 2023a, 2023b; Figure 6B). The Fitchville Formation or Dolomite is the only Devonian unit at TICA; this unit spans the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian (Sand- berg and Gutschick, 1979). Several formations across Utah’s NPS areas record the Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Period (Figure 7), as shallow seas persisted across what is now Utah, and this paleoenvironment is preserved as limestone in a few parks and monuments in the state. As with Cambrian and Devonian strata, sequences of Mississippian limestone are found at TICA (Mayo et al., 2024) and DINO (Evanoff, 1988). The Paradox Basin in southeastern Utah (ARCH, CANY, CARE, GLCA, NABR) contains strata repre- senting Pennsylvanian and Permian times. This is a key interval in the evolution of Utah paleoenvironments, as the complete formation of the supercontinent Pangea by the Early Permian (and subsequent dispersal from the Triassic into the Cretaceous) influenced regional basin deposition, tectonics, and climate (Figure 8). The oldest of these strata fall within the Pennsylva- nian Hermosa Group, which typically consists of the Paradox Formation and the overlying Honaker Trail Formation. Notably, the evaporite salts that were origi- nally deposited in the marine Paradox Formation in the ARCH area were squeezed into the underlying domes and diapirs that directly influenced the erosion and for- mation of the iconic geology of that park. Within NPS areas, these units have been known to produce diverse invertebrates (Doelling, 2024). The Early Permian Cutler Group overlies the Her- mosa Group in the Paradox Basin. The oldest units in this group pertains to the Elephant Canyon-Halgaito Formations. The Elephant Canyon Formation is a car- bonate laterally equivalent to the more clastic Halgaito Formation. The remaining units in the Cutler Group include, from oldest to youngest, the Cedar Mesa Sand- stone, the Organ Rock Formation, and the White Rim Sandstone. These represent a sequence of nearshore ma- rine, coastal sand dunes, and floodplains, influenced by the presence of a mountain range to the northeast (the Uncompahgre Highlands or Ancestral Rocky Moun- tains) and an ocean immediately to the west (Panthalas- sa), as eastern Utah sat along the west coast of Pangea (Condon, 1997; Huntoon et al., 2002; DiMichele et al., 2014; Figure 8). As the central and western parts of the state were completely submerged in open ocean, Early to Middle Permian outcrops in these areas often pertain to the marine Kaibab Limestone (CARE, ZION) (Huntoon et al., 2002). In northeastern Utah, the Permian Period is represented by the upper part of the eolian Weber Sandstone and the shallow marine Park City Formation at DINO (Gregson et al., 2024). 231 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 6. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against a generalized reconstruction of the (A) Cambrian and (B) Devonian Periods. Modified from Blakey and Middleton (2012). Colors from Walker et al. (2022). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. Figure 7. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against a generalized reconstruction of the (A) Mississippian and (B) Pennsylvanian Periods. Modified from Lawton et al. (2021). Colors from Walker et al. (2022). 232 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Many of the best and most recently discovered ver- tebrate body fossils and traces from the Cutler Group have been recovered from the BLM-administered Bears Ears National Monument, close to a few NPS units with similar outcrops (ARCH, CANY, GLCA, NABR) (Hut- tenlocker et al., 2018; Gay et al., 2020). The paleontolo- gy of the Cutler Group provides important insights into faunas and ecosystems leading up to the Permian–Tri- assic mass extinction (about 252 Ma), which wiped out an estimated 95% of life on Earth at the time. Recent and ongoing fieldwork by the UGS at CANY and GLCA has underscored the paleontological potential for the Cutler Group in Utah’s NPS areas (DeBlieux et al., 2023; see the CANY section of this document). The Mesozoic Era The Triassic Period (c. 252 to 201 Ma) Seven out of 13 national park units in Utah preserve some part of the Triassic Period. This period is record- ed by the Early–early Middle Triassic Moenkopi For- mation and the Late Triassic Chinle Formation. Both formations are usually divisible into multiple members that tend to be limited to small areas (e.g., Stewart et al., 1972a, 1972b). Therefore, the member-level stratig- raphy varies widely across Utah and neighboring states. Despite this complexity, the NPS exposures are import- ant outcrops for study because they record the recovery and rapid diversification of vertebrates (including the first dinosaurs and mammals) and other organisms af- ter the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. The Moenkopi Formation and its members are in- terpreted mostly as coastal plains as the paleoshore- line remained relatively close to its position during the Permian (Blakey and Ranney, 2008; Riggs et al., 2020; Figure 9A). Occasional fluctuations of sea level result- ed in carbonate and/or evaporite beds interspersed with more terrestrial fluvial sediments. Its paleontol- ogy is consistent with this interpretation, as various members preserve assemblages of marine invertebrates (meekoceratid ammonites, crinoids, and bivalves in the Timpoweap/Sinbad/Virgin Limestone Members) and swim tracks of vertebrates at CARE (the Torrey Mem- ber) (Peabody, 1956; Mickelson et al., 2006a). Lockley et al. (1998) also reported multiple ichnotaxa within the Moenkopi Formation of GLCA. Ongoing fieldwork by the UGS has revealed that the Torrey Member at CANY is of particularly high importance because of the abun- dance of vertebrate and invertebrate traces documented in that unit there (DeBlieux et al., 2023). The Chinle Formation, which lies unconformably above the Moenkopi Formation, records several paleo- environments. These range from braided and meander- ing rivers to swamps and floodplains. The deposition of the sediments comprising the Chinle was dominated by southeast–northwest-trending river systems in Western North America (Riggs et al., 1996, 2020; Figure 9B). Historically, this formation has been much better stud- ied in Arizona and New Mexico than in Utah, and the Figure 8. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against a generalized reconstruction of the Permian Cutler Group (Paradox Basin). Modified from Condon (1997) and Huntoon et al. (2002). See page 221 for NPS unit abbrevia- tions. 233 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 nomenclature of its members varies across (and within) all three study areas. In southern Utah, the Chinle con- tains the following members, from oldest to youngest: the Shinarump Member/mottled strata, the Monitor Butte Member (= Cameron Member at ZION), Moss Back Member, Petrified Forest Member, Owl Rock Member (= Kane Springs beds at ARCH and CANY), and the Church Rock Member at the top (Martz et al., 2017). These members vary greatly in thickness and extent of exposure across southern Utah’s NPS areas, though the sequence at CARE is considered the most complete among them (Martz et al., 2017). The Chinle is also exposed at DINO in the northeast corner of the state. The Chinle Formation is overlain by the Moenave Formation in the west (ZION) and the Wingate Sand- stone in the central and east parts of the state (ARCH, CANY, CARE, DINO, GLCA, NABR, and ZION). The fluvial, floodplain, and swamp environments preserved in the Chinle Formation are reflected in the diverse fossil animal and plant assemblages, which have been consistently found in national parks and monu- ments where the formation is observed. Among the most famous areas containing the Chinle are Petri- fied Forest National Park in Arizona and Ghost Ranch in New Mexico. Both areas are renowned for yielding benchmark specimens of diverse fossils for the Late Tri- assic record in North America. By comparison, Chinle exposures in Utah have not been as well-sampled as in Arizona and New Mexico with preliminary fieldwork undertaken in ARCH, CARE, GLCA, and ZION (Lock- ley et al., 1998, 2014; DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006; Swan- son et al., 2005; Santucci and Kirkland, 2010; Madsen et al., 2012; Kirkland et al., 2014a; Martz et al., 2015, 2017; DeBlieux et al., 2021, 2023; Milner et al., 2024). There- fore, the Chinle in Utah’s NPS and other public lands provide a frontier for understanding how life recovered Figure 9. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against the (A) the Early Triassic Moenkopi Formation and (B) the Late Triassic Chinle Formation. Modified from Riggs et al. (2020); Figures 7A and 7C from Riggs et al. (1996). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 234 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, especially with regard to the evolution and diversification of the earliest dinosaurs and mammals. The Jurassic Period (c. 201 to 145 Ma) The Jurassic Period is recorded in several NPS units across Utah; furthermore, some of the best Late Trias- sic–Early Jurassic continental strata are well preserved in these areas. Many of the sandstone units that were originally deposited during the Jurassic have since weathered into the iconic red rocks, arches, and can- yons for which most of Utah’s national parks and mon- uments are famous today. The Late Triassic–Early Jurassic transition is record- ed in a series of sandstone formations belonging to the Glen Canyon Group across most of Utah. The oldest of these formations are the Moenave Formation (ZION) and the approximately age-equivalent Wingate Sand- stone (southeastern Utah parks and GLCA). These for- mations preserve the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic Periods, which is exemplified by the transition of vertebrate tracks within each formation. Throughout central and eastern Utah, the lower Wingate Sandstone preserves typical Late Triassic tracks, whereas the mid- dle to upper parts of the formation preserve typical Ear- ly Jurassic tracks (Milner et al., 2024). In southwestern Utah, the Triassic–Jurassic boundary has been identi- fied within the Dinosaur Canyon Member of the Moe- nave Formation (Suarez et al., 2017, 2023). In St. George, southwest of ZION, the Moenave Formation is famous for producing the spectacular St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm (SGDS), which is replete with dinosaur tracks and oth- er vertebrate traces, invertebrate traces, and the body fossils of plants, invertebrates, fishes, and dinosaurs that lived in and around the so-called Lake Whitmore (Milner and Kirkland, 2006; Kirkland et al., 2014b). By contrast, the Wingate Sandstone represents an exten- sive sand sea (erg). The emergence and disappearance of vast sand dune fields is a common theme throughout the Jurassic sequence in Utah, and the Wingate is the oldest. The Moenave Formation and Wingate Sandstone are overlain by the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation, deposited by rivers and floodplains. Dinosaur and other vertebrate trace fossils become even more common in the Kayenta, especially those of functionally tridactyl theropod dinosaurs. The Kayenta Formation has also yielded body fossils of various vertebrates, but these are mostly found in fine-grained rocks in northern Arizo- na; in Utah the Kayenta Formation is coarser-grained, and Kayenta fossils in Utah parks and monuments are comprised almost entirely of footprints with some rare exceptions. The upper part of the Glen Canyon Group is anoth- er erg interval known as the Navajo Sandstone, as seen at GLCA and all of the “Mighty Five” except for BRCA (Figure 10A). In the north, for example at DINO, there is the partially equivalent Nugget Sandstone. The Nava- jo–Nugget erg system is the largest known from North America, but despite this seemingly inhospitable envi- ronment, vertebrate trace fossils and even stromatolites are well-documented in the national parks of Utah (see Bennett et al., 2023; Milner et al., 2023b, 2024). Signif- icant fossils are known from oasis settings (Lockley et al., 1998, 2004; Santucci and Kirkland, 2010; Milner et al., 2023a, 2023b, 2024) and interdunes (Loope et al., 2004; Bennett et al., 2023; Milner et al., 2024), where moisture was sheltered. The sedimentary sequence overlying the Navajo Sandstone (= Nugget Sandstone at DINO) is classified as the Middle Jurassic San Rafael Group, named for the San Rafael Swell geologic feature in central Utah (Gil- luly and Reeside, 1928). These formations are tied to the transgression and regression of the Sundance sea- way, which during the Middle Jurassic Epoch covered much of central Canada and reached as far south as Wyoming and south-central Utah (Hintze and Kowal- lis, 2021; Figure 10B). The expansions and retractions of the Sundance seaway in this region produced the se- quence of alternating terrestrial sandstone and marine limestone that comprises the San Rafael Group (Peter- son, 1994; Wilcox and Currie, 2008). These include the Temple Cap Formation, the Carmel Formation and its alternating terrestrial and intertidal members, the eo- lian Entrada Formation, and the marine Curtis Forma- tion (Gilluly and Reeside, 1928). The Curtis Formation is named for the Curtis sea, which refers to the south- 235 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 ernmost extent of the Sundance seaway in the Middle Jurassic in south-central Utah. More northerly deposits (e.g., DINO) of the Sundance seaway near the end of the Middle Jurassic are known as the Stump Forma- tion. The northward retreat of the seaway following the deposition of the Curtis and Stump Formations led to the deposition of the Summerville Formation, the up- permost unit in the San Rafael Group (Peterson, 1994; Wilcox and Currie, 2008). The youngest Jurassic formation documented in Utah is the Morrison Formation. Following the retreat of the Sundance seaway, Utah became increasingly hu- mid, hosting a suite of fluvial floodplain, swamp, and lacustrine environments. A major lake in the Morri- son depositional system was the alkaline-saline “Lake T’oo’dichi’” in the Four Corners region (Turner and Fishman, 1991; Figure 11A). The Brushy Basin Mem- ber of the Morrison Formation is particularly famous for producing a high diversity of dinosaurs and other fossils from the latest Jurassic of Utah and other western states. DINO is especially renowned for the abundance and preservation quality of fossils at a single locality in this formation. The Cretaceous Period (c. 145 to 66 Ma) The Cretaceous Period is separated into two epochs: the Early Cretaceous (about 145 to 100.5 Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (about 100.5 to 66 Ma). In Utah, the Early Cretaceous is recorded almost entirely by the Ce- dar Mountain Formation (Figure 11B). From oldest to youngest, its members include the Buckhorn Conglom- erate, Yellow Cat, Poison Strip, Ruby Ranch, and Mus- sentuchit Members. These units preserve highly diverse dinosaur faunas that are of major global significance. This significance is due in part to the fact that the Cedar Mountain provides a primary dataset for paleontolo- gists to understand life in the Early Cretaceous Epoch, a period of global climate change and major biotic in- Figure 10. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against (A) the Early Jurassic Navajo and Nugget ergs and (B) part of the Middle–Late Jurassic San Rafael Group. Paleogeography for (A) modified from Bryant and Miall (2010) and Bryant et al. (2016); (B) modified from Ejembi et al. (2021). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 236 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 terchanges between what is now Asia, North America, and Europe (Kirkland et al., 1999, 2024). This formation is best exposed in east-central Utah (ARCH, CARE, DINO). Along the border with Colorado, strata roughly equivalent in age are known as the Burro Canyon For- mation (HOVE) (Kirkland et al., 2020b). In the Uinta Mountains and Uinta Basin, the Muddy Formation un- conformably overlies the Cedar Mountain Formation (Sprinkel et al., 2012; Sprinkel, 2024). The Late Cretaceous of southern Utah is dominated by varying amounts of marine influence from the West- ern Interior seaway (Figure 12). The western margin of this epicontinental sea fluctuated during this time. As a result, environments across Utah ranged from open ocean to swamps to floodplain or river environments, depending on proximity to the shoreline. The oldest unit in the Late Cretaceous sequence in Utah is the coastal Naturita Formation (formerly the Dakota Formation or Group, changed after Carpenter [2014]). The deposition of this unit preceded the westward encroachment of the seaway (Figure 12A). The Naturita Formation has been identified across many of Utah’s NPS units; however, outcrops at DINO previously referred to as the Dako- ta have been reassigned to the Early Cretaceous Muddy Formation based on radiometric dating (Sprinkel et al., 2012) and regional stratigraphic work (Sprinkel, 2024). Marine invertebrates, especially oysters, are common wherever these formations outcrop in NPS areas (San- tucci and Kirkland, 2010). The subsequent expansion of the seaway deposited what are known as the Tropic Shale in the southwest (BRCA, GLCA), and the Mancos Group in the east (ARCH, CARE, DINO; Figure 12B; Kirkland et al., 2025). The Mowry Shale represents the earliest part of this marine deposition at DINO and is partially equiv- alent to the Tropic Shale and Tununk Shale of the Man- Figure 11. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against the (A) Late Jurassic Morrison Formation and (B) Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation. Paleogeography for (A) modified from Turner and Peterson (2004, Figure 9); (B) modified from Elder and Kirkland (1993, Figure 5C). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 237 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 12. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against the shoreline of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior seaway, during deposition of (A) the Cenomanian Naturita Formation; (B) the Turonian Tropic and Tununk Shales of the Mancos Group; (C) the Santonian Straight Cliffs Formation and the Ferron Formation and Blue Gate Shale of the Mancos Group; and (D) the Campanian Wahweap and Mesaverde Formations. Western Interior seaway shoreline for (A), (C), and (D) modified from Roberts and Kirschbaum (1995); (B) modified from Elder and Kirkland (1993). Formation colors adopted from Biek et al. (2015). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 238 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 cos Group to the southwest (Elder and Kirkland, 1993; Slattery et al., 2016; Kirkland et al., 2025; Figure 12B). Ammonites, bivalves, fishes, and sharks are common within these units. After about 94 Ma, the shoreline of the Western Interior seaway began to retreat eastward, exposing more land in which dinosaurs and other ter- restrial organisms could flourish. Among Utah’s NPS units, terrestrial Late Cretaceous environments are best recorded in the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Forma- tions (BRCA, CEBR; Figures 12C and 12D). Terrestrial strata of approximately equivalent age in central Utah fall within the Mesaverde Group (CARE). Eastern Utah remained submerged in the Western Interior seaway for most of the remaining Late Cretaceous Epoch. As a result, the Blue Gate Shale of the Mancos Group is the predominant youngest Cretaceous unit in that re- gion (ARCH, DINO; Kirkland et al., 2025). However, some terrestrial Late Cretaceous units are found with- in this sequence, namely in the Ferron Formation and Juana Lopez Formation of the Mancos Group (ARCH, CARE; Kirkland et al., 2025) and the Frontier Forma- tion (DINO). These strata are partially equivalent in age to the Straight Cliffs Formation at BRCA and CEBR (Seymour and Fielding, 2013). Multiple younger Late Cretaceous units are exposed throughout the state (e.g., Kaiparowits, Canaan Peak, Price River, Neslen, North Horn Formations; Hintze and Kowallis, 2021). Howev- er, these units are not recorded within the NPS areas of Utah, and their fossil biota are excluded from this doc- ument as a result. The Cenozoic Era The Paleogene and Neogene Periods (c. 66 to 2.6 Ma) Although Paleogene and Neogene strata are not well-documented in most of Utah’s NPS areas, these periods contain key, large-scale tectonic and volcanic events that directly pertain to Utah’s modern landscape. These events include the mountain building of the Lar- amide orogeny (about 80 to 50 Ma, i.e., the formation of the Rocky Mountains, Tindall et al., 2010), Miocene volcanism (e.g., the Marysvale volcanic field north of BRCA, Davis and Pollock, 2024), and Basin and Range extension (about 15 to 5 Ma, Davis and Pollock, 2024). Laramide tectonism contributed to the uplift of the Colorado Plateau throughout the first part of the Ce- nozoic Era, exposing the Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata for which many of the NPS areas in Utah are world-re- nowned. Despite an eventful tectonic history, relatively few sedimentary rocks are recorded from Paleogene or Neo- gene within the NPS units of Utah. Major exceptions are the stunning rocks of the Claron Formation, which com- prises the iconic hoodoos and rock fins at BRCA and CEBR. These sediments were deposited in what is now known as Lake Claron from about 60 to 40 Ma (Figure 13). However, the depositional interpretation of this for- mation remains in flux. Although the upper white mem- ber is a limestone, indicative of lacustrine conditions, the lower more iconic pink member is a blend of conglom- erate and calcareous sandstone, suggesting a more fluvial influence (Eaton et al., 2018). Notably, the pink member of the Claron Formation has produced diverse ichnofos- sils pertaining to insect burrows and pupae (Bown et al., 1995). The BRCA and CEBR region also preserves the Late Eocene Boat Mesa Conglomerate, the Oligocene Brian Head Formation, and basaltic lava flows from the Miocene Epoch (Tweet et al., 2012c, 2012f; Biek et al., 2015). Relatively complete fossil remains are exceeding- ly rare within these units at BRCA and CEBR, although significant discoveries have been made in the Claron and Brian Head Formations surrounding these parks. Dixie National Forest north of BRCA has produced in- formative charophytes, ostracods, and the only verte- brates yet recorded from the Claron Formation (Eaton et al., 2018; Sanjuan et al., 2020; Antonietto et al., 2022). The rarity of fossils and virtually total absence of mac- rovertebrates is in spite of the partial age equivalence be- tween the Claron Formation and the Green River For- mation in the Uinta Basin near DINO, which is known to produce impressively complete plants, molluscs, fish- es, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects, other arthropods (spiders, scorpions), and stromatolites from lacustrine deposits (Figure 13). Tracks of birds and mammals have also been recorded in some parts of the Green River For- mation, especially in central Utah. DINO is the only other NPS unit in the state to contain Neogene formations, namely the Bishop Con- 239 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 glomerate and the Browns Park Formation. No fossils have been reported from either the Bishop or Browns Park within DINO; however, vertebrate body fossils and trackways have been documented in these units elsewhere (Honey and Izett, 1988; Lockley and Milner, 2014). The Quaternary Period (c. 2.6 Ma to Present) Quaternary-aged sediments deposited during and after the last ice ages in the Pleistocene Epoch are pres- ent across all NPS units. The sediments vary in char- acteristics as a result of differences in regional geology, underlying strata, and depositional processes. This peri- od is recorded in packrat middens, which have been re- ported in almost every NPS unit in Utah. Desert pack- rats (Neotoma sp.) gathers twigs, conifer needles, and other loose plant detritus, and even animal bones when constructing their middens. The packrats also urinate on these structures throughout their construction and residence. The urine is often so depleted in water that it rapidly crystallizes, preserving the middens (Tweet et al., 2012a). As a result, middens record key insights into taxonomic diversity and climatic conditions at the time they were constructed, and Quaternary-focused pale- ontologists can sample them to understand past plant and animal diversity and obtain radiocarbon dates. Packrat middens from several NPS units in Utah have provided data in such studies (Agenbroad and Mead, 1989; Tweet et al., 2012a). BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC DIAGRAMS Arches National Park (ARCH) Similar to most of the other large NPS units in southern Utah, ARCH’s stratigraphic record preserves a large span of geologic time stretching back into the lat- ter Paleozoic Era (Pennsylvanian) (Figure 14). One of the most striking aspects of the fossil record at ARCH is the abundance and quality of dinosaur footprints in the Ruby Ranch Member of the Cedar Mountain For- mation (Early Cretaceous). These represents theropods (including dromaeosaurs, and other small [cf. Carmel- opodus sp.] and large [cf. Irenesauripus sp.] unidentified morphotypes), sauropods, ornithopods, ankylosaurs, and even some enigmatic feeding traces (Lockley et al., 2004; Swanson et al., 2005; Madsen et al., 2012; Martin et al., 2014). Footprint localities at ARCH are compa- rable in age and ichnotaxa to the nearby Mill Canyon Tracksite, which is managed by the BLM (see Lockley et al., 2014a). Other than DINO, ARCH may preserve the best record of life in the Cedar Mountain out of any NPS unit in Utah. Just three sources provide the bulk of the knowledge of fossils at ARCH (Figure 15): (1) an initial paleontolog- Figure 13. Utah’s “Mighty Five” national parks mapped against the shallow lakes of the Paleogene Period. Paleogeog- raphy modified from Dickinson et al. (1988) and Davis et al. (2009). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 240 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 A. A RC H ST RA TI G RA PH Y St ra �g ra ph ic c ol um n dr aw in g, c ol or s, an d un it th ic kn es se s a do pt ed fr om D oe lli ng a nd K ue hn e (2 01 3) . B. A RC H FO SS IL D IV ER SI TY Ve r� ca l a rr an ge m en t o f t ax a is no t c or re la te d on e- to -o ne w ith p re ci se st ra �g ra ph ic o cc ur re nc e. U nc ite d ta xa w er e re co rd ed d ur in g fie ld su rv ey a nd /o r c on fir m ed p re se nt in A RC H’ s p al eo nt ol og ic al c ol le c� on s d at ab as e (IC M S) . W ips um CRETACEOUS JURASSIC TRIASSIC PERMIAN PENNSYLVANIAN MANCOS GROUP MORRISON CHINLEENTRADA NAVAJO SANDSTONE WINGATE SANDSTONE MOENKOPIKAYENTA CUTLER HONAKER TRAIL PARADOX CAR- MEL CUR- TISCMFN AT SV AlbianCenom. PlensbachianToarcian Bath. TUNUNK Brushy Basin Church Rock Kane Springs bedsMoabBLUE GATE SHALE JL Salt Wash Tid- well Dewey Bridge Slick Rock Sandstone TuronianCon. - Sant. LAE YCPSRR Ph yt os au ria in de t. M ad se n et a l. (2 01 2) Ph yt os au ria in de t. Ch iro th er iu m M ad se n et a l. (2 01 2) Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Un io ni d cl am s Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Sa nm ig ue lia sp . M et op os au rid ae in de t. cf . T yp ot ho ra x sp . (o st eo de rm ) M ar tz a nd K irk la nd , un pu bl ish ed fi el d no te s (P os sib le G ra lla to r tr ac k m ak er ) Co el op hy sis Gr al la to r (P os sib le G ra lla to r tr ac km ak er ) Se gi sa ur us Gr al la to r Iso la te d di no sa ur b on e fra gm en t (P os sib le bu rr ow er ) Ka ye nt at he riu m (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Te no nt os au ru s (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Br on to m er us Pl at yc er am us cy cl oi de s Ps eu do pe rn a co ng es ta Py cn od on te n ew be rr yi um bo na ta M ad se n et a l. (2 01 2) (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Dr om ae os au rid ae in de t. Ap at os au ru s s p. a nd ot he r s au ro po ds Sw an so n et a l. (2 00 5) ; M ad se n et a l. (2 01 2) Th er op od a in de t. M ar sh e t a l. (2 02 4) (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ga st on ia sp . (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Pt er os au r ( or b ird )? Sa ur op od a in de t. M ad se n et a l. (2 01 2) Th er op od a nd o th er d in os au r b on es (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) N ed co lb er tia Tr id ac ty l t ra ck s cf . M eg al ob ro nt es Sy na ps id (m am m al -li ke re p� le ) bu rr ow s St ro m at ol ite s M ad se n et a l. (2 01 2) Ro ot ca st s Te rm ite g al le rie s Po ss ib le a nk yl os au r Sw an so n et a l. (2 00 5) Po ss ib le a nk yl os au r m an us tr ac k En ig m a� c fe ed in g tr ac es O rn ith op od tr ac k AL L FR O M LO CK LE Y ET A L. (2 00 4) Sa ur op od tr ac ks cf . B ro nt op od us Gr ac ile th re e -to ed tr ac k Tw o- to ed dr om ae os au r t ra ck Pr od uc �d b ra ch io po ds Br yo zo an s Sw an so n et a l. (2 00 5) Ru go se co ra ls Tr ilo bi te s Q . S ED S. Cr in oi ds Th er op od tr ac ks Br ac hi op od s Fo ss ils fo un d ju st o ut si de A RC H (M el to n 19 72 ; O � ng er , w ri� en co m m un ica �o n, 1 99 5) Br yo zo an s Co ra ls Tr ilo bi te s Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra Sn ai ls Pe ly co po d bi va lv es Sh ar k te et h Cr in oi ds Sn ai ls (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ph yt os au ria in de t. Bi so n bi so n M ea d et a l. (1 99 1) O vi s c an ad en sis M am m ut hu s c ol um bi Sa nt uc ci e t a l. (2 00 1) Pa ck ra t m id de ns Bi rd b on es Re p� le b on es O st ei ch th ye s i nd et . Ho rs et ai ls Br i� (1 99 6) LATE EARLYMIDDLE LATE EARLY Fi gu re 1 4. B io st ra tig ra ph ic d ia gr am fo r A rc he s N at io na l P ar k (A RC H ). (A ) S tr at ig ra ph y of A RC H , m od ifi ed fr om D oe lli ng an d Ku eh ne (2 01 3) ; ( B) Fo ss il di ve rs ity o f A RC H . A bb re vi at io ns : ( ge ol og ic ti m e) C en om ., C en om an ia n; C on ., C on ia ci an ; S an t., S an to ni an ; ( st ra tig ra ph y) S V, S um m er vi lle Fo rm at io n; C M F, C ed ar M ou nt ai n Fo rm at io n; Y C , Y el lo w C at M em be r; PS , P oi so n St rip M em be r; RR , R ub y Ra nc h M em be r; N AT , N at ur ita F or - m at io n; JL , J ua na L op ez F or m at io n (f ro m K irk la nd e t a l., 2 02 5) ; Q . S ED S. Q ua te rn ar y se di m en ts . 241 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 15 caption is on the next page. 242 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 ical survey in 2000 by Brooke Swanson and colleagues (Swanson et al., 2005); (2) a detailed paleontological survey of the Mesozoic fossils at ARCH conducted by the UGS and NPS in 2011 (Madsen et al., 2012); and (3) a literature summary as part of the Northern Col- orado Plateau Network in 2012 (Tweet et al., 2012b). These sources include some information on fieldwork conducted in ARCH by Brooks Britt (c.1996), George Engelmann (c. 1990), and Jim Kirkland (c. 2000). Aside from the significant trace fossils discovered in the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lockley et al., 2004), important finds at ARCH include vertebrate fossils in the Chinle Formation and Wingate Sandstone, as well as the first di- nosaur fossils recorded in the Kayenta Formation within Utah (Madsen et al., 2012; Marsh et al., 2024). This frag- mentary material has been diagnosed as indeterminate theropod remains (Marsh et al., 2024). Additional spec- imens and further study will be necessary to expand our knowledge of important dinosaur body fossils within this unit. Fossils from the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation were encountered during the 2005 Swanson survey, but were not recorded as an official locality, despite being the only known record of specimens from that forma- tion at ARCH (Swanson et al., 2005). Similarly, sever- al invertebrates and cladodont and brachydont sharks have been recorded in the Pennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation immediately outside ARCH (Figure 14; Melton, 1972; L. Ottinger [deceased], written com- munication, 1995). Although no localities within this unit have yet been documented inside the park itself, exposures of the Honaker Trail at ARCH, along with the proximity of the localities of Melton (1972) and Otting- er (written communication, 1995) to said exposures, were sufficient cause to include these taxa in Figure 14. Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA) In contrast to the rest of Utah’s “Mighty Five'' nation- al parks, BRCA’s fossil record is unique in being entirely younger than about 100 Ma. Instead, BRCA preserves a mostly uninterrupted record of marine and terrestrial environments during the Late Cretaceous Epoch (about 100.5 to 77 Ma), and the lake system environment of the Claron Formation (about 60 to 40 Ma), which forms the park’s iconic hoodoo landscapes. Whereas some other Utah parks do preserve Late Cretaceous rocks, most do not record terrestrial ecosystems. CARE, CEBR, and GLCA are exceptions, but their terrestrial Cretaceous rocks have not been as well-documented as those at BRCA. Therefore, BRCA likely possesses the best Late Cretaceous terrestrial record of any NPS unit in Utah. The park’s stratigraphy and fossil diversity are most comparable to the Late Cretaceous record in the neigh- boring Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), which is famous for producing numerous new species of dinosaurs and other organisms (Figure 16). The fossils found at BRCA were mostly inventoried by Jeffrey Eaton, Professor Emeritus of Geosciences at Weber State University, from 1988 until 2013. During that time, Eaton and many colleagues and students discovered diverse vertebrates (fishes, sharks, frogs, salamanders, lizards, turtles, neosuchians, mammals, and dinosaurs) in the Late Cretaceous Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations, including some holotypes (Figure 17, starred; Eaton, 2013; Kirkland et al., 2013; Nydam, 2013). Eaton also ventured into the Claron Formation to find invertebrate traces, gastropods, and plants within the final years of that inventory. Several of the specimens that Eaton collected have been described Figure 15 is on the previous page. Fossils from ARCH. (A) Chirotherium natural cast manus/pes set from the Moenkopi Formation (locality ARCH66t). (B) Leaves of Sanmiguelia cf. S. lewisii from the Chinle Formation (locality ARCH41p). (C) Pair of theropod tracks from the Ruby Ranch Member, Cedar Mountain Formation (locality ARCH7t; pen for scale). (D) Dromaeosaurid track from locality ARCH7t. (E) Replica (UCM 199.78) of undescribed vertebrate feeding traces from ARCH7t. Scale = 1 cm. (F) Unidentified, branching invertebrate burrows from the Chinle Formation. Pen for scale. (G) Un- identified arthropod trackway from the Chinle Formation that was originally identified as Octopodichnus by Swanson et al. (2005, Figure 6H). (H) Mammuthus columbi from a cave deposit within ARCH. Scale = 10 cm. A through C modified from Madsen et al. (2012). 243 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 in the scientific literature (Eaton, 2002, 2013; Brinkman et al., 2013; Gardner and Demar, 2013; Gardner et al., 2013; Gates et al., 2013; Irmis et al., 2013; Kirkland et al., 2013; Nydam, 2013; Roček et al., 2013). Fossils that BRCA staff found since 2022 have been consistent with what Eaton found but include many that were previous- ly unknown, such as the first recorded instance of di- nosaur footprints in the park’s 100-year history (Figure 18). Data compiled in the 2022–2023 field season, along with legacy data collected by Eaton and other scientists, were used to complete a comprehensive Paleontological Resource Inventory for BRCA (Tran et al., 2024). Park staff continued fieldwork into 2024. New discoveries include the first localities documented in the Naturita Formation at BRCA, the first identifiable vertebrate fos- sil in the park’s Tropic Shale (an isolated fragmentary protostegid coastal), and a possible tyrannosauroid in the Straight Cliffs Formation based on an isolated meta- tarsal fragment (Figure 19). Park staff have also collect- ed newly documented fossils in the Claron Formation in the park, including gastropods, invertebrate ichno- fossils, and leaf impressions (Figure 20). These new data will expand the park’s knowledge to draft a Paleontolog- ical Resources Management Plan, which will help the park preserve its fossils and their scientific and educa- tional value for generations to come. The geology and fossil diversity at BRCA as dis- played on Figure 17 highlights the research and edu- cational potential of the park’s fossils. For example, al- though Eaton and colleagues fleshed out the diversity Figure 16. Generalized map of Cretaceous outcrops in southern Utah. Modified from Titus et al. (2016, Figure 2). See page 221 for NPS unit abbreviations. 244 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 U ro de la g en . e t s p. n ov . Ga rd ne r e t a l. (2 01 3) Le pi so st eu s s p. an d ot he r fi sh es Le pi so st eu s s p. an d ot he r fi sh es Le pi so st eu s s p. U M N H PB L oc . 6 1 Di ve rs e am m on oi ds Co bb an (1 99 6) Sn ai ls Sn ai ls Di ve rs e in se ct tr ac e fo ss ils In de te rm in at e tr ac e fo ss ils Re w or ke d Pa le oz oi c fo ss ils (S an tu cc i a nd K irk la nd , 2 01 0) Pa ck ra t m id de ns (A ge nb ro ad e t a l., 1 99 2) Tu rt le s In oc er am us p ic tu s an d ot he r b iv al ve s Co bb an (1 99 6) Ce ra to ps id ae in de t. (te et h) Ea to n et a l. (1 99 8) Te xa tr yg on b ry ce ns is Ki rk la nd e t a l. (2 01 3) Co lu m bu sia d eb lie ux i Ki rk la nd e t a l. (2 01 3) Da ko ta m ys sh ak es pe ar i Ea to n (2 01 3) M on oc ne m od on sy ph ak os N yd am (2 01 3) A. B RC A ST RA TI G RA PH Y Co lo rs , u ni t t hi ck ne ss es , a nd a ge c or re la �o ns a do pt ed fr om B ie k et a l. (2 01 5) . Co lu m n dr aw in g m od ifi ed fr om F ig . 1 4 in T itu s e t a l. (2 01 6) . Ce no zo ic u ni ts n ot to sc al e w ith th ic kn es s. N at ur al fo ot pr in t c as ts Ha dr os au rid ae in de t. Th er op od a in de t. (te et h) Di ve rs e m am m al s Ea to n et a l. (1 99 8) ; Ea to n (2 01 3) Dr om ae os au rid ae in de t. (te et h an d un gu al ) Ha dr os au ro m or ph a in de t. Ha dr os au ro m or ph a in de t. Co lli gn on ic er as w oo lg ar i Th er op od a in de t. (u ng ua l) Le pi so st eu s s p. + ot he r fi sh es Ha dr os au ro m or ph a in de t.B. B RC A FO SS IL D IV ER SI TY Ve r� ca l a rr an ge m en t o f t ax a is no t c or re la te d on e- to -o ne w ith p re ci se st ra �g ra ph ic o cc ur re nc e. U nc ite d ta xa w er e re po rt ed in th e BR CA P al eo nt ol og ic al R es ou rc e In ve nt or y (T ra n et a l., 2 02 4) a nd /o r r ec or de d in B RC A’ s p al eo nt ol og ic al c ol le c� on s d at ab as e (IC M S) . An ky lo sa ur ia in de t. (te et h) Ea to n et a l. (1 99 8) An ky lo sa ur ia in de t. (te et h) Tu rt le s Cr oc od yl om or ph a in de t. Cr oc od yl om or ph a in de t. Irm is et a l. (2 01 3) Po ss ib le ty ra nn os au ro id (d ist al m et at ar sa l f ra gm en t) O rn ith om im os au rid ae in de t. (m an ua l u ng ua ls) cf . A st he no po di cn hi um (m ay fly n ym ph b ur ro w s) an d ot he r t ra ce fo ss ils cf . A st he no po di cn hi um an d ot he r t ra ce fo ss ils cf . A st he no po di cn hi um an d ot he r t ra ce fo ss ils Cr oc od yl om or ph a in de t. Tu rt le s Di ve rs e m am m al s Ea to n (2 01 3) Tu rt le s U ro de la g en . e t s p. n ov . Ga rd ne r e t a l. (2 01 3) An ur a in de t. Ro ce k et a l. (2 01 0) An ur a in de t. Ro ce k et a l. (2 01 0) Cr ab c la w = Ty pe sp ec ie s o rig in al ly d es cr ib ed fr om B RC A sp ec im en s Sc ip on oc er as g ra ci le Co bb an (1 99 6) Tu rr ite lla w hi te i an d ot he r s na ils Co bb an (1 99 6) M am m ite s n od os oi de s Co bb an (1 99 6) Le av es cf . S ab al ite s s p. Le av es Le av es Sn ai ls W ill ia m s a nd Lo he ng re l ( 20 07 ) Le av es Bi va lv es Bi va lv es cf . A dm et op sis sp p. Ho ffm an (2 00 5) Bi va lv es cf . E xo gr yr a sp . Pr ot os te gi da e in de t. Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Eocone PALEOGENE Pink W . BM C CLARON Upper TCSH John Henry DTPC Lower members undivided Turonian C en . C on .SantonianCampanian CRETACEOUS N AT U R IT A TROPIC SHALESTRAIGHT CLIFFSWAHWEAP SH TC Lower Q UA TE RN AR Y SE DI M EN TS Fi gu re 1 7. B io st ra tig ra ph ic d ia gr am fo r B ry ce C an yo n N at io na l P ar k (B RC A ). (A ) S tr at ig ra ph y of B RC A , a do pt ed fr om B ie k et a l. (2 01 5) an d Ti tu s et a l. (2 01 6) (B ) F os sil d iv er sit y of B RC A . A bb re vi at io ns : ( ge ol og ic ti m e) C on ., C on ia ci an ; P A L. , P al eo ge ne ; P al ., Pa le oc en e; (s tr at ig ra ph y) N AT ., N at ur ita F or m at io n; T C , T ib be t C an yo n M em be r, St ra ig ht C liff s F or m at io n; S H , S m ok y H ol lo w M em be r, St ra ig ht C liff s F or m at io n; D T, D rip T an k M em be r, St ra ig ht C liff s F or m at io n; P C , P ar tn er C an yo n M em be r, W ah w ea p Fo rm at io n (E at on , 1 99 1; B ev er id ge e t a l., 2 02 2) ; W , W hi te m em be r, C la ro n Fo rm at io n; B M C , B oa t M es a C on gl om er at e. 245 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 of microfossils in the Straight Cliffs Formation, pale- ontologists still have not yet formally described plant or dinosaur fossils from that unit. Although ceratop- somorph and tyrannosauroid teeth have recently been confirmed from the Straight Cliffs Formation outside of BRCA (McCuen and Zanno, 2023), diagnostic postcra- nial material pertaining to these taxa have yet to be for- mally described. Similarly, the Wahweap Formation in GSENM is well-known for producing multiple named dinosaur and other vertebrate taxa (Eaton et al., 1999; Kirkland and DeBlieux, 2010; Gates et al., 2011; Loe- wen et al., 2013; Gates et al., 2014; Lund et al., 2016). Several of the type localities for these taxa have been tightly chronostratigraphically constrained (Beveridge et al., 2022). Likewise, outcrops of the Claron Forma- tion at Sweetwater Creek north of BRCA have recently produced ostracods (Antonietto et al., 2022), charo- phytes (Sanjuan and Eaton, 2016; Sanjuan et al., 2020), and the only vertebrate fossils yet documented in this unit (Eaton et al., 2018). Furthermore, the Sweetwater section has been measured and divided into distinct depositional units (Antonietto et al., 2022). Given this regional context, BRCA is likely the NPS area with the best potential to contribute to understanding of Utah’s Late Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial ecosystems. Canyonlands National Park (CANY) CANY, like the other “Mighty Five” national parks, is not broadly known for its paleontological resourc- es, despite possessing a mostly uninterrupted geologic record of Pennsylvanian–Middle Jurassic strata (Szy- manksi et al., 2024). Although a number of paleonto- logical studies have documented fossils in and around CANY throughout its history (McKnight, 1940; Hasi- Figure 18. The first dinosaur footprints recorded at BRCA, occurring in the Wahweap Formation. Don DeBlieux photogram- metry scanning two cf. Caririchnium hadrosaur footprints (left); a close-up photograph of a third footprint (right). Scale bar = 10 cm. Figure modified from Tran (2023b) and Tran et al. (2024). 246 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 otis and Mitchell, 1989; Hasiotis, 1993; Sumida et al., 1999a), no paleontological resource preservation pro- gram was established in light of these works. A new period of paleontological inventory and re- search began in 2020, when the UGS obtained funding for the first phase of field paleontological resource inven- tory. Since that project began, the UGS has recovered sev- eral significant fossils across the Permian–Jurassic stra- ta of CANY (Figure 21). These include vertebrate body fossils in the Permian Cedar Mesa Sandstone, abundant track sites in the Early–Middle Triassic Moenkopi For- mation (Figure 22), vertebrates (chondrichthyans, phy- tosaurs, aetosaurs, and metoposaurs) in the Late Triassic Chinle Formation (Figure 23), and dinosaur tracks in the Late–Early Jurassic Wingate Sandstone, and Early–Mid- dle Jurassic Kayenta Formation, and Navajo Sandstone (DeBlieux et al., 2021, 2023, 2024). Abundant and newly discovered traces pertaining to chirotheriid-type swim tracks in the Torrey Member of the Moenkopi Forma- tion are of particular scientific interest (DeBlieux et al., 2021, 2023; Figure 22). These discoveries, along with on- going work in the same formations at GLCA (DeBlieux et al., 2023; Milner et al., 2023a, 2023b, 2024), expand our understanding of the Permian–Jurassic ecosystems of the Paradox Basin of southeastern Utah. Capitol Reef National Park (CARE) At first glance, the fossil record at CARE appears rather sparse compared to Utah’s other “Mighty Five” national parks (Figure 24). Like those parks (except BRCA), CARE’s geologic record stretches from the Permian Period into the lower part of the Late Creta- Figure 19. Close-up photographs of (A) an indeterminate protostegid turtle from the Tropic Shale and (B) an isolated distal metatarsal fragment, possibly referable to a tyrannosauroid, from the Straight Cliffs Formation of BRCA, with a drawing of metatarsal II of Moros intrepidus (Zanno et al., 2019, Figure 1J) for comparison. Scale bar in (A) in mm, scale bars in (B) = 5 cm. 247 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 ceous Epoch, including some marine and terrestrial formations. Within this large span of time (more than 200 million years), an important paleontological record from the Triassic Moenkopi and Chinle Formations is documented at CARE. Notably, CARE possesses the most complete sequence of Chinle members when com- pared to any other NPS unit in Utah, and overall, within the state (Kirkland et al., 2014a; Martz et al., 2017). Triassic paleontology has been a notable feature at CARE for much of its history. Significant vertebrate and invertebrate traces in the Moenkopi Formation at CARE were known as early as the 1940s (Peabody, 1956), and a single horsetail specimen identified as Eq- uisetum was recovered from the park (Mickelson et al., 2006a). Similarly, plants in the Chinle Formation were also known and reported for many decades (Berry, 1927; Ash, 1975a, 1982, 1987, 1993, 2001, 2004; Dubiel, 1987; Kirkland et al., 2014a; Figure 25). The diversity of these fossils is displayed in the attached diagram (Figure 24). Vertebrate body fossils have been underrepresent- ed in CARE’s fossil record until relatively recently. Park staff had known of some bone fragments throughout the park for decades; however, concerted research effort would not begin until the UGS became involved in the 2010s. To date, the UGS and colleagues have conduct- ed two surveys at CARE (Kirkland et al., 2014a, 2020). The first focused on the geology and paleontology of the Chinle Formation (Kirkland et al., 2014a), whereas the second examined exposures of the Morrison and Cedar Mountain Formations (Kirkland et al., 2020a). Through Figure 20. Fossils from the hoodoo-forming pink member of the Claron Formation at BRCA. (A) Gastropods, cf. Viviparus; (B) ichnofossils cf. Eatonichnus and Parowanichnus isp.; (C through D) leaf impressions with primary and secondary vena- tion and leaf edges traced over. Scale bars = 5 cm. Photographs courtesy of Alexandra Bonham. 248 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 MOENKOPICHINLEH ite b ed s m ot tle d st ra ta H os ki n- ni ni Si nb ad Bl ac k Le dg e be ds LATE EARLYEARLYMIDDLE TRIASSICJURASSIC PERMIAN EARLY LATE MIDDLE CEDAR MESA SANDSTONE HONAKER TRAIL PARADOXKAYENTA LOWER CUTLER GROUP ORGAN ROCK WINGATE SS NAVAJO SS W H IT E RI M SA N D ST O N E CARENT Slick Rock Torrey Dewey Bridge Church Rock Moody Canyon Black Dragon Kane Springs Beds PENNSYLVANIAN A. C AN Y ST RA TI G RA PH Y St ra �g ra ph ic c ol um n dr aw in g m od ifi ed fr om D oe lli ng (2 00 4) . Ch in le a nd M oe nk op i f or m a� on m em be rs a dd ed fr om De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) F ig . 5 . C ol or s f ro m D oe lli ng (2 00 4) , Do el lin g an d Ku eh ne (2 00 7, 2 01 3) a nd B ie k et a l. (2 01 0, 2 01 5) . B. C AN Y FO SS IL D IV ER SI TY Ve r� ca l a rr an ge m en t n ot c or re la te d on e- to -o ne w ith p re ci se st ra �g ra ph ic p os i� on . Q . S ED S. Ph yt os au ria in de t. Ph yt os au ria in de t. De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) Ca m bo ry gm a (c ra yfi sh b ur ro w s) Po ss ib le st em a m ni ot e Te tr ap od tr ac ks ite Cr in oi ds Cr in oi ds St ee le -M al lo ry (1 98 2, 1 98 7) M cK ni gh t ( 19 40 ) La ng fo rd e t a l. (2 00 7) De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) Vi vi pa ro id sn ai ls Br ac hi op od s cf . I ch ni ot he riu m Sc ol ic ia fe ed in g tr ac es Rh izo lit hs Rh izo lit hs De Bl ie ux e t al . ( 20 23 ) En ig m a� c fe ed in g tr ac es Ch iro th er iid -ty pe sw im tr ac ks De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) De Bl ie ux e t al . ( 20 24 ) Ro to da ct yl us Sy na pti ch ni um Pr oc ol op ho ni ch ni um Ga st ro po d st ei nk er ns Lu ca s e t a l. (1 99 5) M ee ko ce ra s? Li ng ul a M on oti s s p. Ct en ac an th ifo rm sh ar k sp in e Ha pl isti on sp ha er ic um Ri gb y an d St ok es (1 97 1) Gr iffi th id es a nd o th er tr ilo bi te s M cK ni gh t ( 19 40 ) Gr al la to rGr al la to r Lu ca s e t a l. (1 99 5) Eu br on te s Gr al la to r cf . T yp ot ho ra x sp . cf . T yp ot ho ra x sp . De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) Un io ni d cl am s De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) Un io ni d cl am s Lu ng fis h to ot h Pe tr ifi ed w oo d (E le ph an t C an yo n Fm ?) W eb b et a l. (2 00 4) cf . S ta go n- ol ep is sp . He ck er t et a l. (1 99 9) Pe tr ifi ed w oo d W ilk en s ( 20 08 ) (P os sib le tr ac k m ac ke r) Co el op hy sis O st ei ch th ye s in de t. Re tic ul od us De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 1) O st ei ch th ye s i nd et . Cr in oi ds (” Ri co ” Fm ) Ba ke r ( 19 33 ) Sc ap ho po ds (” Ri co ” Fm ) Br yo zo an s (” Ri co ” Fm ) Br ac hi op od s Ba ke r ( 19 33 ), Cr in oi ds La ng fo rd e t a l. (2 00 7) St ro m at ol ite s W ai ss (2 00 5) (P os sib le b ur ro w er ) Ka ye nt at he riu m Co m pl ex v er te br at e bu rr ow s Ha sio �s e t a l. (2 00 7) Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra (E le ph an t C an yo n Fm ?) Bi lli ng sle y et a l. (2 00 2) , S zy m an sk i e t a l. (2 02 4) Pa la eo ni sc id fi sh (E le ph an t C an yo n Fm ?) Su m id a et a l. (1 99 9a ) Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra Br yo zo an s Br yo zo an s M am m ot h Bi va lv es In se ct s Sn ai ls Pl an ts Am ph ib ia ns Li za rd s Ro de nt s Ho rs es ho e cr ab tr ac es (D eB lie ux e t a l. 20 21 ) (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Cy no do nt a in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) DI no sa ur - om or ph a in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ar ch os au r- ifo rm es in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) M et op os au rid ae in de t. Br ac hi op od s (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Di lo ph os au ru s (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Th er op od a in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Se ita ad (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) M eg ap n- os au ru s Ka ye nt ap us O to zo um M et op os au rid ae in de t. Co ra ls Bi va lv es Ga st ro po ds De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) CA N Y co lle c� on s De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) Sz ym an ks i e t a l. (2 02 4) M cK ni gh t ( 19 40 ) Fi gu re 2 1. B io st ra tig ra ph ic d ia gr am fo r C an yo nl an ds N at io na l P ar k (C A N Y) . ( A ) S tr at ig ra ph y of C A N Y, m od ifi ed fr om D oe lli ng (2 00 4) ; ( B) F os sil di ve rs ity o f C A N Y. A bb re vi at io ns : ( ge ol og ic ti m e) M ., M id dl e T ria ss ic ; ( st ra tig ra ph y) S S, sa nd st on e; C A R, C ar m el F or m at io n; E N T, E nt ra da S an d- st on e; Q . S ED S. , Q ua te rn ar y se di m en ts . 249 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 those studies, the UGS determined that the Chinle is by far the most fossiliferous and paleontologically import- ant unit in the park. Cedar Breaks National Monument (CEBR) CEBR, which sits along the western edge of the Markagunt Plateau, is much like BRCA of the Paunsau- gunt Plateau in that it is best known for its exposures of the brilliant pink hoodoo-forming Claron Formation. However, they differ greatly in the extent of paleonto- logical research conducted in each park unit. Whereas BRCA has hosted decades of intensive study in its Late Cretaceous and Paleogene strata, CEBR has few fossil resources reported within its boundaries. This is in spite of the fact that CEBR also contains some of the same Cretaceous units as BRCA, namely the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations (Figure 26). There are just two reports of paleontological re- sources likely originating from CEBR. The first is pro- vided by Gregory (1950). Gregory defers to Reeside in listing the gastropods Bulinus, Helix spatiosa, and Planorbis utahensis, the trace fossil Celliforma spirifer, and some possible leaf impressions from the top of the Wasatch Formation in Jericho Canyon (Gregory, 1950). It is important to note that (1) Jericho Canyon does lie within CEBR, and (2) “Wasatch” in this literature refers to what is now recognized as the pink member of the Claron Formation. However, no locality information Figure 22. (A) Overview and (B through D) close-up photographs of locality Sa2273, the “Sistine Trample,” a chirotheri- id-type swim track locality in the Torrey Member of the Moenkopi Formation at CANY. From DeBlieux et al., 2023). 250 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 23. Fossils from the Triassic Chinle Formation at CANY. (A) Reticulodus chondrichthyan tooth. (B) Metoposaur tooth. (C) “Crayfish” burrows (cf. Camborygma) in the Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation at CANY (photograph courtesy of David Slauf). Scale bars = 1 cm. 251 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 CR ET AC EO U S JU RA SS IC LA TE LA TE M ID D LE EA RL Y LA TE EA RL Y EA RL Y PE RM IA N E. M AN CO S G RO U P EN TR AD A SA N D ST O N E W IN G AT E SS CH IN LE N AV A JO S AN D ST O N E M O EN KO PI CA RM EL M O RR . BL U E G AT E SH AL E FE RR O N TU N U N K M ai n bo dy W in so r To rr ey SL LT BD M C yn O R M B Sr PF PR TEMPLE CAP NAT CMF CURT. KAY. KA IB AB LS CU TL ER G RO U P TD SW BB A. CARE STRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing and unit thicknesses from Doelling and Kuehne (2007). Colors from Doelling and Kuehne (2007, 2013) and Biek et al. (2010, 2015). B. CARE FOSSIL DIVERSITY Ver�cal arrangement of taxa is not correlated one-to-one with precise stra�graphic occurrence. Uncited taxa were recorded during field survey and/or confirmed present in CARE’s paleontological collec�ons database (ICMS). SV Q. SEDS Lungfish (tooth plates) Equisetites Equisetites RotodactylusDiplichnitesKouphichnium Characichnos PalaeophycusArenicolitesUndichna Fuersichnus Chirotherium Laurozamites Phlebopteris Cynepteris Cladophlebis Pagiophyllum Arauca- rioxylon Zamites powelli Berry (1927); Ash (1975b) Metoposauridae indet. Cobban (pers. comm, 2000) Cobban (pers. comm, 2000) Metoposauridae indet. cf. Typothorax sp. Camborygma (crayfish burrows) Hasio�s and Mitchell (1993) Possible aetosaur osteoderm? Kirkland et al. (2014a)Sanmiguelia sp. Ash (1982) Phytosauria indet. Phytosauria indet.Unionid clams Petrified wood Kirkland et al. (2014a) Ash (1975a) Petrified wood (Kirkland et al., 2014a) Stromatolites Kirkland et al. (2020a) Kirkland et al (2020a) Scrappy dinosaur bones Scrappy dinosaur bones Dinosaur vertebrae Scrappy dinosaur bones Exogyra (Santucci and Kirkland, 2010) Giant stromatolites Santucci and Kirkland (2010) Shark teeth Shark teeth Ammonites Ammonites Rhynchosauroides (Possible track maker) Lepidosaur- omorpha indet. (Possible track maker) Theropod indet. (Possible track maker) Pseudosuchia indet. Horsetails Isocrinus BIvalvesSnails BIvalvesSnails Packrat middens Phytoliths (Possible track maker) Dromo- meron (Possible track maker) Millipede (Possible track maker) Horseshoe crab Mickelson et al. (2006a) Figure 24. Biostratigraphic diagram for Capitol Reef National Park (CARE). (A) Stratigraphy of CARE. Modified from Doelling and Kuehne (2007). (B) Fossil diversity of CARE. Abbreviations: (stratigraphy, ascending) LS, limestone; BD, Black Dragon Member; SL, Sinbad Limestone Member; M Cyn, Moody Canyon Member; Sr, Shinarump Conglomerate; MB, Monitor Butte Member; PF, Petrified Forest Member; OR, Owl Rock Member; SS, sandstone; KAY., Kayenta Formation; LT, Lower tongue of the Navajo Sandstone; PR, Paria River Member; CURT., Curtis Formation; SV, Summerville Formation; TD, Tidwell Member; SW, Salt Wash Member; BB, Brushy Basin Member; CMF, Cedar Mountain Formation; NAT, Naturita Formation; Q. SEDS, Quaternary sediments. 252 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 is provided, nor are there sufficient specimens in the CEBR collections to corroborate this description. Men- tions of fish fossils from the Claron at CEBR citing per- sonal communication with Jeffrey Eaton (Santucci and Kirkland, 2010; Tweet et al., 2012f) were made in error. To date, Eaton has never conducted any paleontolog- ical survey in the monument (Weber State University, verbal communication, 2024). The second report of fos- sil resources in CEBR is on the pollen and macrofossil plant samples of Alpine Pond (Anderson et al., 1999), from about the past 3000 years. Despite an overall paucity of fossils, CEBR does pre- serve strata that are not present in BRCA’s geologic record. These include, namely, the late Eocene–Early Oligocene Brian Head Formation, which is known for producing di- verse vertebrates including mammals, turtles, and other reptiles, as well as charophytes (Eaton et al., 1999b; Cook et al., 2014; Sanjuan et al., 2017). Importantly, an ash bed at the base of the formation at CEBR was radiometrically dated to 35.77 ± 0.28 Ma (Biek et al., 2015). The other major unit at CEBR that is not seen at BRCA is what has been referred to as the “Cretaceous beds on the Marka- gunt'' by Biek et al. (2015, map unit “Km”). Past literature and maps listed the strata between the Wahweap and Claron Formations at CEBR as the Grand Castle Formation (Tweet et al., 2012f; Hatfield et al., 2024). However, the identification and definition of the Grand Castle and Cretaceous strata along the Markagunt Plateau more generally have been in flux. The Grand Castle was originally described with three informal members by Goldstrand and Mullett (1997). However, subsequent examination found that the lower Figure 25. Fossil plants from the Monitor Butte Member of the Chinle Formation at CARE. (A) Jack Wood (NPS Geo- logic Resources Division) collecting photogrammetric data on in situ Equisetites locality Wn0151 (Kirkland et al., 2014a). (B) Close-up photograph of an Equisetites stem, locality Wn0151. Laurozamites powelli specimens from (C and D) locality Wn0160, and (E) locality Ga1463 (Kirkland et al., 2014a). Scale bar in (E) in cm. Photographs courtesy of Jim Kirkland and Vince Santucci. 253 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 and middle members were in fact the Drip Tank Mem- ber of the Straight Cliffs Formation and the capping sandstone member (now the Pardner Canyon Mem- ber, Beveridge et al., 2022) of the Wahweap Formation, respectively (Biek et al., 2015). As a result, Biek et al. (2015) redefined the Grand Castle, restricting it to just the uppermost conglomeratic member as described by Goldstrand and Mullett (1997). The beds overlying the Pardner Canyon Member (Beveridge et al., 2022) of the Wahweap Formation and underlying the pink member of the Claron Formation at CEBR do not match the Grand Castle Formation of Biek et al. (2015), which is conglomeratic. By contrast, these beds consist of fine sandstone, resembling the base of the Claron. Palynomorphs recovered from this unit in the region range from Campanian to Maastrich- tian in age; these beds may be referable to part of the Kaiparowits Formation (Biek et al., 2015). These factors led Biek et al. (2015) to map these strata as an informal unit, “Cretaceous beds on the Markagunt,” at CEBR. We adhere to this nomenclature in Figure 26. Although few fossils have been confirmed to origi- nate from inside CEBR, the paleontology of the south- western Utah region highlights the monument’s po- tential for study and education. Multiple productive microfossil localities were recovered by Jeffrey Eaton in the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations along the Markagunt and western Paunsaugunt Plateaus (see Titus et al., 2016). Vertebrate fossils that were at first thought to originate from the pink member of the Clar- on Formation were in fact float fossils from the over- lying Brian Head Formation (Eaton et al., 2011, 2018). These discoveries, along with the numerous fossils known from equivalent strata in the BRCA and GSENM regions to the east, underscore the potential for CEBR’s strata to yield fossils that can enhance understanding of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene ecosystems in southern Utah. Dinosaur National Monument (DINO) DINO is most famous for its world-renowned quarry wall (the Carnegie Quarry; Figures 27 and 28A CL AR O N BR IA N H EA D W AH W EA P K BEDS ON THE MARKAGUNT ST RA IG HT C LI FF S CR ET AC EO US PA LE O GE N E Eo ce ne O lig oc en e Pa le oc en e Ca m pa ni an Sa nt on ia n Pi nk m em be r Lo w er - M id - Up pe r Sm ok y Ho llo w - Jo hn He nr y (u nd iv id ed ) Dr ip Ta nk Ca pp in g ss t W hi te m em be r M aa . Bulinus Celliforma spirifer Leaf impressions Diverse plant spores, seeds, wood Anderson et al. (1999) Biomphalaria utahensis (formerly Planorbis utahensis) Glyptostoma spatiosum (formerly Helix spatiosa) All from Gregory (1950) QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS CEBR BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing modified from Biek et al. (2015). Figure 26. Biostratigraphic diagram for Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument (CEBR). Stratigraphic column modified from Biek et al. (2015). Abbreviations: (geologic time) Maa., Masstrichtian; (stratigraphy) sst, sandstone. 254 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 through 28G), originally discovered by Earl Douglass in 1909. Excavation over several decades by multiple research groups (Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, and Univer- sity of Utah) would ultimately reveal numerous fossils of dinosaurs and other organisms in the Brushy Ba- sin Member of the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation. The significance of the Carnegie Quarry led DINO to be designated by President Woodrow Wilson as a pro- tected monument in 1915 (Wilson, 1915), predating the establishment of the NPS in 1916. Fossils from the Car- negie Quarry and elsewhere in the Morrison at DINO paint a fully fleshed ecosystem occupied by diverse plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, turtles, croc- odylomorphs, mammals, and especially dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period, about 150 Ma. Several holotypes are included in this group of fossils, such as that for the iconic sauropod Apatosaurus louisiae. Fig- ure 27 shows at least one representative from each ma- jor taxonomic group of organisms recovered from the Brushy Basin Member at DINO; however, the faunal list for this unit in the monument is extensive and goes beyond what is shown here (Foster, 2003). A full list of taxa is provided in the appendix of this document. At least 10 dinosaur taxa have been recorded with- in the Carnegie Quarry alone (Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013). These are the sauropods Apatosaurus, Barosau- rus, Camarasaurus (Figure 28B), Diplodocus, and the newly described dicraeosaurid Athenar (Whitlock et al., 2025), the ornithischians Stegosaurus (Figure 28F), Camptosaurus, and Dryosaurus, and the theropods Al- losaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Torvosaurus. Foster (2003) reported a possible Haplocanthosaurus; however, Car- penter (2013) proposes that this may instead be a ju- venile Diplodocus. We defer to the latter source as more recent (Figure 27). The animals range in age from juve- niles to adults, providing a wealth of information on the life histories of these Late Jurassic dinosaurs. Although we have visually segregated organisms based on their presence in the Carnegie Quarry, viewers should note that dinosaurs and other animals shown in the quar- ry have in fact been found elsewhere at DINO, but not vice-versa. For example, the theropod Marshosaurus has been found within DINO but not in the Carnegie Quarry. Apatosaurus, on the other hand, has been recovered from multiple localities across the monument (Foster, 2003). DINO’s significant fossils extend beyond the iconic Morrison Formation. In fact, DINO preserves the great- est extent of geologic time of any Utah national park or monument, as its rock record stretches as far back as the Neoproterozoic Era and includes Cenozoic rocks of Oli- gocene and Miocene age, younger than the Paleocene– Eocene Claron Formation of BRCA and CEBR. Like the Morrison, some of these units have produced holotype specimens from DINO (starred), including the titano- sauriform sauropod Abydosaurus mcintoshi (Chure et al., 2010; Figure 28G), which was originally reported from the Cedar Mountain Formation at DINO. Holmes (2017) posited that this type locality occurs at the base of the Naturita Formation; however, more recent chro- nostratigraphic and geochemical study confirms that this locality is indeed within the Cedar Mountain For- mation (Lee et al., 2021). Holotypes have also been described from DINO’s Paleozoic rocks (e.g., Amplexus zaphrentiformis White 1876; Figure 29). Most of the knowledge on DINO’s Pa- leozoic fossils comes from surveys in the mid-20th cen- tury (Untermann and Untermann, 1949a, 1949b, 1954). However, ongoing study in the Monument’s Cambrian Lodore Formation and other Paleozoic rocks (Davis, 2010), including the newly identified Devonian Parting Formation (Myrow et al., 2023a, 2023b) seeks to under- stand life in Utah before the Age of Dinosaurs. It is important to note that DINO is currently the only NPS unit in Utah with a permanently employed Park Paleontologist or equivalent staff member for much of its history. This staffing, along with the fact that paleontological resources are inherent to the spirit and identity of DINO, makes it much easier than at other parks for personnel of all disciplines to keep fossils at the forefront of management decisions and interpretive strategies. Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) GLCA contains an immense fossil record represent- ed by more than 700 localities and 40,000 museum spec- 255 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Sh ar pe (1 99 1) Pa ck ra t m id de ns An gi os pe rm an d co ni fe r f os sil s NUGGET SS BROWNS PARK Q . S ED S. WEBER SANDSTONE MADISON LS UINTA MT GROUP CH IN -L EMORRISON LATE JURASSICCRETACEOUSNEOG. PA L. TRIASSIC PENNSYLVANIAN MISSISSIPPIAN CAMB. DE V. NEO- PROT.LATEOL. - MI. LATEM EARLYE. EARLY St E C PC P D RV LS H B M U D M S M A N CO S BC Fr CM t Brushy Basin Salt Wash MOENKOPI MORGAN LODORE PA RT IN G (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Le pi do sa ur - om or ph a in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Sa ur op od - om or ph a in de t. Ap at os au ru s lo ui sa e Ho lla nd (1 91 6) Al lo sa ur us cf . f ra gi lis M ar sh o- sa ur us Fo st er (2 00 3) To rv os au ru s cf . t an ne ri St eg os au ru s cf . s te no ps Di pl od oc us sp . Ba ro sa ur us le nt us Ca m ar as au ru s cf . l en tu s Ce ra to sa ur us sp . Ca m pt os au ru s ap ha no ec te s Ca rp en te r a nd W ils on (2 00 8) Al lo sa ur us ji m m ad se ni Ch ur e an d Lo ew en (2 02 0) At he na r b er m an i W hi tlo ck e t a l. (2 02 5) Ho pl os uc hu s k ay i Gi lm or e (1 92 6) Ko pa rio n do ug la ss i Ch ur e (1 99 4) N ew u nn am ed de in on yc ho sa ur Br i� e t al . ( 20 21 ) Di no ch el ys w hi te i Ga ffn ey (1 97 9) Gl yp to ps u ta he ns is Gi lm or e (1 91 6) Ab yd os au ru s m ci nt os hi Ch ur e et al . ( 20 10 ) Gl iro do n gr an di s En ge lm an n an d Ca lli so n (1 99 9) Rh ad in os te us pa rv us He nr ic i ( 19 98 ) Iri do tr ito n he ch ti Ev an s e t al . ( 20 05 ) Tr ico no le st es cu rv ic us pi s En ge lm an n an d Ca lli so n (1 99 8) Eo sc in cu s o rn at us Br ow ns te in et a l. (2 02 2) He lio sc op os di ck er so na e M ey er s e t a l. (2 02 3) Ha im irc hi a am on en sis Pl es io sa ur s Sn ai ls (K os m id is et a l. 20 02 ) Sh ar k te et h Sn ai ls Cr oc od yl om or ph a Ha ns en e t a l. (1 98 3) Gr eg so n et a l. (2 02 4) St ew ar t e t a l. (1 99 4) Sc hi lle ro sa ur us ut ah en sis N yd am e t a l. (2 01 3) Go ni op ho lis Ce ra to du s s p. Fo st er (2 00 3) Ve tu lo na ia sp .O pi st hi as Fo st er (2 00 3) Dr yo sa ur us el de ra e Ca rp en te r a nd Ga lto n (2 01 8) Bi va lv es Am m on ite s Un te rm an n an d Un te rm an n (1 95 4) Pe tr ifi ed w oo d O st ei ch th ye s Ph yt os au ria in de t. St ew ar t e t a l. (1 97 2a ) Bi va lv es (S pr in ke l p er s. co m m . 2 01 2) Sp he no ph yt a in de t. Go od (2 01 3) Re p� le tr ac ks (S pr in ke l p er s. co m m . 2 01 2) O ct op od ic hn us Pa le oh el cu ra Ta en id iu m Lo ck le y (2 01 1) Gr al la to r Lo ck le y et a l. (1 99 2) Rh yn ch os au ro id es Ps eu do te tr as au ro pu s Gw yn ne di ch ni um cf . B ra ch yc hi ro th er iu m O to zo um (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Se ita ad (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Se gi sa ur us (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Sp id er (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Sc or pi on (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ta ny st ro ph - ei da e in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ar ch os au rif or m es in de t. (P os sib le ?V ar an op us tr ac k m ak er ) Ca pt or hi ni da e in de t. (P os sib le ?D ip lic hn ite s tr ac k m ak er ) M ill ip ed e Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra Sp on ge s Sn ai ls Sn ai l c f. Eu om ph al us Bi va lv es Rh izo lit hs Cr in oi ds a nd e ch in oi ds Cr in oi ds Cr in oi ds Cr in oi ds an d ec hi no id s Br ac hi op od s Cr in oi d fra gm en ts Di ve rs e br ac hi op od s Di ve rs e br ac hi op od s Di ve rs e br ac hi op od s Un te rm an n an d Un te rm an n (1 95 4) Br ac hi op od s Hy ol ith s El ra th ie lla sp p. Di ce llo m us ? W es to ni a sp . Pa la eo ph yc us a nd n um er ou s in ve rt eb ra te ic hn ot ax a Sn ai ls Un te rm an n an d Un te rm an n (1 95 4) Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra To ly pa m m in a (fo ra m in ife ra ) M ill er el la ci rc ul i Th om ps on (1 94 5) Ca la m ite s Le pi do de nd ro n Le pi do de nd ro n Bi va lv es Br yo zo an s Br yo zo an s Co ra ls Tr ilo bi te s Am pl ex us za ph re nti fo rm is W hi te (1 87 6) Co ra ls Br yo zo an fr ag m en ts Br yo zo an s N au �l oi ds a nd a m m on ite s Sc he ll an d Yo ch el so n (1 96 6) Go od a nd E kd al e (2 01 4) Ch ur e et a l. (2 01 4) Fe ne st el la (M ay er 1 96 4) B. D IN O F O SS IL D IV ER SI TY Ta xa sh ow n in th e fa m ou s C ar ne gi e Q ua rr y ar e ci te d in F os te r ( 20 03 ), Gr eg so n et a l. (2 02 4) , Ca rp en te r ( 20 14 ), an d Hu nt -F os te r ( 20 24 ), w ith th e la �e r t w o pr ov id in g th e m os t s pe ci fic id en �fi ca �o ns . Ve r� ca l a rr an ge m en t n ot c or re la te d on e- to -o ne w ith p re ci se st ra �g ra ph ic p os i� on . A. D IN O S TR AT IG RA PH Y St ra �g ra ph ic c ol um n dr aw in g m od ifi ed fr om E va no ff (1 98 8) . Th e De vo ni an P ar �n g Fo rm a� on h as b ee n ad de d in li gh t o f M yr ow e t a l. (2 02 3) . C ol or s f ro m B ie k et a l. (2 01 0, 2 01 5) , Do el lin g an d Ku eh ne (2 00 7, 2 01 3) , a nd S pr in ke l ( 20 07 ). CA RN EG IE Q UA RR Y DI N O SA U R N AT IO N AL M O N U M EN T CA RN EG IE Q UA RR Y = Ty pe sp ec ie s o rig in al ly d es cr ib ed fr om D IN O sp ec im en s Se rp en te s i nd et . Fo st er (2 00 3) Cz ek an ow sk ia sp . As h (1 99 4) Br as ili ch ni um En ge lm an n et a l. (2 01 0) cf . P ro to ch iro th er iu m Sy na pti ch ni um ?V ar an op us ?D ip lic hn ite s (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ka ye nt at he riu m Le av es Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Be nn e� ta le s in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ps eu do su ch ia in de t. Cr ay fis h bu rr ow s Di ve rs e ch ar op hy te s an d os tr ac od s Sc hu da k et al . ( 19 98 ) Pa ly no m or ph s Li tw in e t al . ( 19 98 ) Eq ui se tu m sp . Th om so n et a l. (2 01 4) Da vi s ( 20 10 ) Un te rm an n an d Un te rm an n (1 95 4) M yr ow e t a l. (2 02 3) Un te rm an n an d Un te rm an n (1 95 4) Un te rm an n an d Un te rm an n (1 95 4) Ch ur e et a l. (2 01 4) Hu nt e t a l. (1 99 3) Fi gu re 2 7. B io st ra tig ra ph ic d ia gr am fo r D in os au r N at io na l M on um en t ( D IN O ). (A ) S tr at ig ra ph y of D IN O , m od ifi ed fr om E va no ff (1 98 8) . ( B) F os - sil d iv er sit y of D IN O . A bb re vi at io ns : ( ge ol og ic ti m e) N EO PR O T. , N eo pr ot er oz oi c; P, P er m ia n; M ID ., M id dl e Ju ra ss ic ; E ., Ea rly C re ta ce ou s; PA L. , Pa le og en e; O L. , O lig oc en e, M I., M io ce ne ; ( st ra tig ra ph y) U IN TA M T, U in ta M ou nt ai n G ro up ; L S, M ad iso n Li m es to ne ; H B, H um bu g Fo rm at io n; D , D ou gh nu t F or m at io n; R V L S, R ou nd V al le y Li m es to ne ; P C , P ar k C ity F or m at io n; S S, N ug ge t S an ds to ne ; C , C ar m el F or m at io n; E , E nt ra da S an d- st on e; St , S tu m p Fo rm at io n; C M t, C ed ar M ou nt ai n Fo rm at io n; M U D , M ud dy F or m at io n; M S, M ow ry Sh al e; F r, Fr on tie r F or m at io n, M A N , M an co s G ro up (o f K irk la nd e t a l., 2 02 5) ; B C , B ish op C on gl om er at e; Q . S ED S. , Q ua te rn ar y se di m en ts . 256 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 28. Overview of key vertebrate fossils and the Carnegie Quarry at DINO. (A) Overview of the Quarry Exhibit Hall. (B) Skull of Camarasaurus cf. lentus in the Carnegie Quarry. (C) Overview of the Carnegie Quarry wall. (D) DINO 16488, the holotype of Abydosaurus mcintoshi (Chure et al., 2010) (E) DINO 11541, the holotype of Allosaurus jimmadseni (Chure et al., 2020). (A) and (B) courtesy of TT; (C) courtesy of Ken Carpenter; (D) and (E) courtesy of ReBecca Hunt-Foster. 257 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 imens. The fact that it continues to produce fossils of high scientific importance, especially those that illumi- nate vertebrate ecosystems and behavior in the first half of the Mesozoic Era, underscores GLCA’s importance as a paleontological park. It rivals even DINO in its breadth and abundance of significant material (Figure 30). For these reasons, GLCA was selected as the proto- type paleontological resource monitoring park in 2009. The pilot project to establish this monitoring program was undertaken as a partnership between the NPS Pale- ontology Program and the UGS (Kirkland et al., 2010). GLCA is a real “Walking with Dinosaurs” experi- ence in that it possesses a wealth of well-studied and protected vertebrate tracksites stretching as far back as the Permian Period. The GLCA is best known to sci- ence for producing many footprints of dinosaurs and other animals from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic Epochs, especially in the Chinle Formation, Wingate Sandstone (Figure 31), Kayenta Formation, and Navajo Sandstone. Hundreds of localities have revealed foot- prints and associated traces of several types of dino- saurs (theropods, sauropodomorphs, ornithischians), pseudosuchians, and synapsids (Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2023b, 2024; Figure 32). A notable Figure 29. Holotype specimen of the horn coral Amplexus zaphrentiformis (White, 1876), originally collected from the Mor- gan Formation in Lodore Canyon at DINO by John Wesley Powell (photograph courtesy of Vince Santucci). 258 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) M ea d et a l. (1 99 3) M ea d et a l. (1 99 2) A. G LC A ST RA TI G RA PH Y St ra �g ra ph ic c ol um n dr aw in g an d un it th ic kn es se s ad op te d fr om A nd er so n et a l. (2 02 4) , F ig . 4 . Co lo rs a do pt ed fr om B ie k et a l. (2 01 0, 2 01 5) , Do el lin g (2 00 4) , a nd D oe lli ng a nd K ue hn e (2 00 7, 2 01 3) . NAVAJO SS MOEN. PARADOXCEDAR MESA SS HTCUT.OR W RKAYENTA WINGATE CA R. TRIASSICJURASSIC PERMIAN EARLY LATE MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN N AT . TROPIC SHALE STRAIGHT CLIFFS Smoky + Tib.DT + JH EARLY EARLY Glen Canyon GroupSan Rafael Group MIDDLELATE LATE LATE TC CRETACEOUSQ . S ED S. MOR. Ti dw el l Sa lt W as h Br us hy Ba si n SV CHINLE Cutler Group Hermosa Group B. G LC A FO SS IL D IV ER SI TY Ve r� ca l a rr an ge m en t o f t ax a is no t c or re la te d on e- to -o ne w ith p re ci se st ra �g ra ph ic o cc ur re nc e. U nc ite d ta xa w er e re co rd ed d ur in g fie ld su rv ey a nd /o r c on fir m ed p re se nt in G LC A’ s pa le on to lo gi ca l c ol le c� on s d at ab as e (IC M S) . EN T SS Sh in a- ru m p M on ito r Bu tt e H os ki n- ni ni M os s Ba ckOwl Rock / Petri�ed Forest Upper Ch ur ch Ro ck Eo po ly co ty lu s r an ki ni Al br ig ht e t a l. (2 00 7b ) Br ac ha uc he ni us lu ca si Al br ig ht e t a l. (2 00 7a ) Tr in ac on er um ? be nt on ia nu m Al br ig ht e t a l. (2 00 7b ) Sa ra bo sa ur us d ah li Po lc yn e t a l. (2 02 3) D es m at oc he ly s lo w i an d ot he r t ur tle s Sc al am ag nu s t ro pi ce ns is (C la rk e t a l. 20 23 b) (fo rm er ly D ol ic ho rh yn ch op s t ro pi ce ns is Sc hm ei ss er M cK ea n 20 12 ) O to zo um Ev az ou m ga te w ay en sis Sw im tr ac ks D eB lie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) An om ol op us cf . K ou ph ic hn iu m St en ic hn us Lo ck le y et a l. (1 99 8) Lo ck le y et a l. (1 99 8) cf . P sa m m ic hn ite s M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) Sa ur op od h an d tr ac ks Sa ur op od fo ot pr in t w ith sk in im pr es sio n Lo ng -n ec ke d pl es io sa ur v er te br ae Sc hm ei ss er M cK ea n (2 01 3) Un na m ed p le sio sa ur c f. Pa ha sa pa sa ur us Sc hm ei ss er M cK ea n an d Gi lle �e (2 02 1) cf . K ay en ta th er iu m M iln er e t a l. (2 02 3a , 2 02 4) Pa la eo ph yc us Sk ol ith osVe rt eb ra te b ur ro w s Ta en id iu m c f. ba rr etti M iln er e t a l. (2 02 3b ) Bi va lv e m ol d co qu in a Lo ck le y et a l. (2 01 4b ) St ro m at ol ite s ( Lo ck le y et a l., 1 99 8) St ro m at - ol ite s cf . G w yn ne di ch ni um Rh yn ch os au ro id es Br ac hy - ch iro th er iu m (p se ud o- su ch ia n tr ac ks ) (P os sib le E ub ro nt es tr ac k m ak er ) Di lo ph os au ru s (P os sib le K ay en ta pu s tr ac k m ak er ) Th er op od a in de t. (P os sib le A no m ol op us tr ac k m ac ke r) Sp he na co do n (P os sib le St en ic hn us tr ac k m ac ke r) (P os sib le O to zo um tr ac k m ak er ) Se ita ad (P os sib le A no m oe pu s tr ac k m ak er ) Sc ut el lo sa ur us (P os sib le M oy en isa ur op us tr ac k m ak er ) Sc el id os au ru s (P os sib le Ba tr ac ho pu s tr ac k m ak er ) Pr ot os uc hu s Un di ch na Eu br on te s W oo d et a l. (2 02 1) cf . K ay en ta pu s W oo d et a l. (2 02 1) (P os sib le Gr al la to r tr ac k m ak er ) Se gi sa ur us (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er s) M eg ap - no sa ur us An om oe pu s Ki rk la nd et a l. (2 01 0) An om oe pu s M oy en isa ur op us M oy en isa ur op us M iln er e t al . ( 20 24 ) Na va ho pu s (ra re g ra ci le sa ur op od o- m or ph tr ac ks ) M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) Br as ili ch ni um Ki rk la nd e t a l. (2 01 0) cf . B ra sil ic hn iu m Sy na ps id tr ac ks Ba tr ac ho pu s M iln er e t a l. (2 02 3b ) Ba tr ac ho pu s Am m on ite s Sa nt uc ci a nd K irk la nd (2 01 0) In oc er am id cl am s Ic th yo de c� d fis he s Sq ua lic or ax a nd ot he r s ha rk s Tu rr itt el la w hi te i an d ot he r g as tr op od s Ph yt os au ria in de t. Ph yt os au ria in de t. De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d (re w or ke d) Fr og Ri �e r e t a l. (2 00 2) Pl at yh ys tr ix Su m id a et a l. (1 99 9) Pa ro to su ch us W el le s ( 19 67 ); M or al es (1 98 3, 2 00 5) Gr al la to r Ka ye nt ap us M iln er e t a l. (2 02 3b ) cf . K ay en t- ap us cf . A m eg hi ni ch nu s Gr al la to r cr ou ch in g tr ac es Gi er lin sk i ( 20 09 ); M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) Eu br on te s cr ou ch in g tr ac e M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) Ch ar ac ic hn os tr id ac ty lu s (s w im m in g tr ac es ) Di ve rs e m am m al d un g Sh as ta g ro un d slo th Bi gh or n sh ee p Ca m el op s M ea d et a l. (1 98 4) Po ss ib le co el ac an th Fi ne ll et a l. (1 96 3) Lo ph io no tu s s pp . Cl am s La sa lic ht hy s s pp . an d ot he r r ed fie ld iid fi sh O ra va ic hn iu m is p. Sc oy en ia cf . Z am ite s cf . N eo ca la m ite s M aw so ni id ae Pa lm fr on ds Cl am s Cl am s El de r ( 19 87 ) Tu rt le s Br ac hi op od s Br yo zo an s Co ra ls Tr ilo bi te s Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra Sn ai ls Bi va lv es Cr in oi ds Cr in oi ds Br ac hi op od s Sn ai ls Fu su lin id fo ra m in ife ra Br ac hi op od s Br yo zo an s M ou nt ai n go at Ho rs e Sh ru b ox M am m ot h = Ty pe sp ec ie s o rig in al ly d es cr ib ed fr om G LC A sp ec im en s M ar m ot Ra bb it Sn ak e Pa ck ra t (b on es + m id de ns ) (P os si bl e tr ac k m ak er ) Pr ot o -s uc hi da e Rh yn ch o- sa ur oi de s (P os sib le Gw yn ne di ch ni um tr ac k m ak er ) Ta ny st ro ph ei da e (P os sib le O ra va ic hn iu m tr ac k m ak er ) W ed ge -fo ot b iv al ve (P os sib le S co ye ni a tr ac km ak er ) Be et le la rv ae Rh yn ch os au ro id es At re ip us Lo ck le y et a l. (1 99 8) Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Ki rk la nd e t a l. (2 01 0) M et op os au rid ae in de t. Ki rk la nd e t a l. (2 01 0) cf . T yp ot ho ra x sp . De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 02 3) St ro m at ol ite s Pa la eo ph yc us cf . O ct op od ic hn us ?P al eo he lc ur a (P os sib le O ct op od ic hn us tr ac k m ak er ) Ar ac hn id (P os sib le ?P al eo he lc ur a tr ac k m ak er ) Be et le M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) Sk ol ith os M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) M iln er e t a l. (2 02 4) Lo ck le y an d Hu nt (1 99 5) Al br ig ht e t a l. (2 01 3) Fi gu re 3 0. B io st ra tig ra ph ic d ia gr am fo r G le n C an yo n N at io na l R ec re at io n A re a (G LC A ). (A ) S tr at ig ra ph y of G LC A , a do pt ed fr om A nd er so n et al . ( 20 24 ); (B ) F os sil d iv er sit y of G LC A . A bb re vi at io ns : ( ge ol og ic ti m e) (s tr at ig ra ph y) H T, H on ak er T ra il Fo rm at io n; C U T. , C ut le r F or m at io n; S S, sa nd st on e; O R, O rg an R oc k Fo rm at io n; W R, W hi te R im S an ds to ne ; M O EN ., M oe nk op i F or m at io n; T C , T em pl e C ap F or m at io n; C A R, C ar m el Fo rm at io n; E N T SS , E nt ra da S an ds to ne ; S V, S um m er vi lle F or m at io n; M O R. , M or ris on F or m at io n; N AT ., N at ur ita F or m at io n; S m ok y + Ti b. , Sm ok y H ol lo w a nd T ib be t C an yo n M em be rs , u nd iv id ed ; D T + JH ; D rip T an k an d Jo hn H en ry M em be rs , u nd iv id ed . 259 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 31. Triassic fossils from GLCA. (A) Horseshoe crab resting trace with associated Kouphichnium traces (GLCA 23838, UCM 140-5) from Moenkopi Formation. Scale = 2 cm. (B) Bennettitales (cf. Zamites) from Shinarump Member, Chinle For- mation. (C) Redfieldiidae fish in right lateral view from Church Rock Member, Chinle Formation. (D) cf. Gwyneddichnium (GLCA 25204, UCM 98261) from the Shinarump Member, Chinle Formation. Scale = 1 cm. (E) Batrachopus tracks from Church Rock Member, Chinle Formation. (F) Grallator natural cast from lower Wingate Sandstone. Scale for B, C, E, and F in cm. Photographs B, C, and E courtesy Andre Delgalvis. 260 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Permian trackway has been cleverly dubbed “Permian Murder” because it possibly shows a predator snatch- ing up a smaller vertebrate mid-stride (Lockley et al., 1998). Although already well-known, vertebrate trace localities at GLCA continue to provide new insights into paleoenvironments and species diversity in the Early–Middle Jurassic of southern Utah (Milner et al., 2023a, 2023b, 2024). A new group of important localities at the Kayenta– Navajo transition were discovered in early 2023 thanks to the low water level of Lake Powell at the time. These localities bore multiple vertebrate-bearing horizons, namely tritylodontid synapsids (Milner et al., 2023a, 2024; Figure 32C). This is an important discovery be- cause vertebrate body fossils in the Kayenta Formation of Utah and the Navajo Sandstone overall are exceed- ingly rare. Only one set of body fossils has been identi- fied from the Kayenta in Utah (a fragmentary theropod from ARCH; Marsh et al., 2024). Similarly, just two ver- tebrate taxa have been named from the Navajo Sand- stone: the sauropodomorph Seitaad in Utah (Sertich and Loewen, 2010) and the small theropod Segisaurus in Arizona (Camp, 1936; Carrano et al., 2005). Because of this context, the recently discovered bonebeds are a new priority for fieldwork and protection at GLCA. GLCA also has the best record of Late Cretaceous marine vertebrates of any NPS unit in Utah, and likely the entire NPS. Paleontologists, the late David Gillette and Janet Gillette, led several expeditions into the Trop- ic Shale in the park during their tenure at the Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff, Arizona. Their efforts revealed several significant specimens of short-necked plesiosaurs, including a well-preserved skull of the plio- saur Brachauchenius lucasi (Albright et al., 2007a; Fig- ure 33) and the holotypes of the polycotylids Eopoly- cotylus rankini (Albright et al., 2007b) and Scalamagnus tropicensis (Clark et al., 2023b, originally Dolichorhyn- chops tropicensis Schmeisser McKean, 2012) (Figure 30). GLCA also produced the oldest known mosasaur in North America, Sarabosaurus dahli (starred; Polcyn et al., 2023). Other fossils in the Tropic Shale at GLCA include sea turtles, fishes, sharks, ammonites, gastro- pods, and bivalves (Albright et al., 2013). GLCA is also notable for its Quaternary (Pleisto- cene–Holocene) fossil resources. Whereas most NPS units in Utah have some record of this period in the form of packrat middens, which frequently capture scrappy plant and animal remains, GLCA stands out because its cave resources have preserved the most abundant and diverse mammal dung specimens yet found in any park unit in Utah. Much of this dung was recovered from the aptly named Bechan Cave, as “Bechan'' translates to "big feces” in the Navajo language (Davis et al., 1984; Mead et al., 1984; Tweet et al., 2009; Hunt et al., 2012; Figure 34). Most animals identified from Pleistocene-age dung at GLCA are also represented by some skeletal remains (Mead et al., 1993) and hair (Davis et al., 1984). Howev- er, a few, namely bighorn sheep, bison, North American camel (Camelops), and Shasta ground sloth (Nothroth- eriops shastensis) have been identified exclusively by their droppings (Mead et al., 1984). They are depicted in the “possible trace maker” pose as a result. The late Martin Lockley, Professor Emeritus at Uni- versity of Colorado, Denver, served as one of the pri- mary stewards of paleontological research at GLCA, generating decades’ worth of fieldwork and knowledge on the numerous vertebrate trace fossils in the park. His friends and colleagues, especially paleontologists at the SGDS and the UGS, carry on his legacy of study and resource stewardship at GLCA. Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP) GOSP was established in 1957 to commemorate the location of the joining of the westward Central Pacif- ic railroad and the eastward Union Pacific railroad in 1869, signified with an eponymous golden rail spike. This union formed the first transcontinental railroad in the United States. This historical significance greatly over- shadows the park’s paleontological resources. Whereas they are limited in geologic scope and taxonomic breadth, they do represent a diverse Paleozoic ecosystem. Although GOSP contains fewer than 3000 acres, the park does contain small outcrops of the lower limestone member of the Pennsylvanian Oquirrh Group. The only confirmed record of fossils from this unit in the park was provided by Arvid Aase (Park Paleontologist, Fos- 261 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Figure 32. Jurassic fossils from GLCA. (A) Little Cave Cove Tracksite main block from mid-part of the Wingate Sandstone. Note, man's head at the top of the block. (B) Kayentapus (GLCA 23976, UCM 183.63) natural cast from the Kayenta Forma- tion. (C) Tritylodontid mandible from the uppermost Kayenta Formation. (D) Batrachopus manus-pes set (GLCA 23891, UCM 180.33) from the Kayenta Formation. Scale = 2 cm. (E) Grallator and (F) Otozoum footprints at the Crossing of the Fathers Tracksite, Navajo Sandstone. (G) Photogrammetric model of a Eubrontes crouching trace with possible manus im- pressions from the lower Navajo Sandstone (modified from Milner et al., 2024, Figure 17E). Scale = 10 cm. Scale for C, E, and F in cm. 262 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 sil Butte National Monument, Wyoming) c. 2007–2008. Aase’s survey returned diverse fossils, including spong- es, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids, trilobites, and phosphatic fish and shark fossils (Figure 35). None of the fossils that Aase reported were collected (Tweet et al., 2012h). No paleontological inventory has since been conducted at GOSP, likely due in part to Aase’s assess- ment that fossils in the park are too obscure from the public eye to be threatened by many visitors. Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE) HOVE, a set of six small park units in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, was established in 1923 primarily to preserve the significant cultural re- sources there. A paleontological resource inventory and field as- sessment was completed at HOVE in April 2024 (Shaf- fer et al., 2024). This work found that only two Meso- zoic geologic units are preserved in the monument: the Early Cretaceous Burro Canyon Formation and Late Cretaceous Naturita Formation (Figure 36). Previously, HOVE was considered to contain strata pertaining to the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation (NPS, 2004). The April 2024 field assessment reclassi- fied these strata as the younger Yellow Cat Member of the Burro Canyon Formation, a unit generally lacking substantial fossil resources in southeastern Utah. Fur- thermore, much of the rest of HOVE is covered by Qua- Figure 33. Skull of the pliosaur, Brachauchenius lucasi (specimen MNA V9433), from the Tropic Shale of GLCA (photograph courtesy of Vince Santucci). 263 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 ternary sediments considered unlikely to produce sig- nificant paleontological resources. Scant paleontological resources were observed by Austin Shaffer and Vince Santucci in sandstone beds of the Naturita Formation at HOVE. These include inver- tebrate trace fossils, possible root traces, and fossil plant fragments; however, these fossils are poorly preserved and of infrequent occurrence (Figure 37). Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR) NABR is a small park unit east of GLCA and south of CANY. Very few fossils have been documented in Figure 34. Bechan Cave at GLCA. (A) Pleistocene mammoth dung and (B) Glen Canyon NRA Paleontological Resource Scoping Field Trip in November 2000 at Bechan Cave. Personnel in (B) (front row): Alan Titus, Ron Blakey, Norm Hen- derson, Vincent Santucci, Jim Kirkland; (back row): the late Larry Agenbroad, the late Dave Gillette, Steve Hasiotis, Greg McDonald, Kris Thompson, Pat Monaco, Debra Mickelson, and Ken Cole. Photographs courtesy of Vince Santucci. PE N N . O HQ U IR RH Br id al V ei l Li m es to ne A. GOSP STRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing modified from Constenius et al. (2011). Colors from Constenius et al. (2011). Exclusion of all other units within the Oquirrh Group based on Tweet et al. (2012h). B. GOSP FOSSIL DIVERSITY Ver�cal arrangement not correlated one-to-one with precise stra�graphic posi�on. All taxa included based on Aase (undated) and Tweet et al. (2012h). QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS Bryozoans Brachiopods Trilobites Crinoid Corals Phospha�c shark teeth Nau�loids Sponges Phospha�c fish bones Figure 35. Biostratigraphic diagram for Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP). (A) Stratigraphy of GOSP, modified from Constenius et al. (2011). (B) Fossil diversity of GOSP. 264 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 NABR to date (Figure 38). Whereas the vast majority of the monument overlies the Permian Cedar Mesa Sand- stone, which forms the eponymous natural bridges, some outcrops of overlying Early–early Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation and Late Triassic Chinle Forma- tion do occur. However, very few fossil resources have been recorded in these units. To date, a handful of root casts and other trace fossils have been noted from the Cedar Mesa Sandstone, reworked fragments of petrified wood from the Chinle Formation, and packrat middens and bones of the rare but significant Harrington’s moun- tain goat (Mead et al., 1987) represent the Quaternary at NABR. Given that the Cedar Mesa has proven to be highly fossiliferous in other park units (CANY, GLCA) and in Bears Ears National Monument to the southeast, one should expect that this unit at NABR may produce similarly significant fossils of vertebrates, invertebrates, and trackways that point to life before the largest known mass extinction event in the fossil record at the end of the Permian Period. Rainbow Bridge National Monument (RABR) RABR is a tiny park unit that sits along one of the southeast edges of the much larger and more famous GLCA. Neighboring GLCA is well-known for having numerous vertebrate trace fossil localities in Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic formations (see the GLCA sec- tion of this document). In contrast, RABR has just one recorded fossil occurrence: a theropod tracksite in the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation (Lockley et al., 1998; Figures 39 and 40). Future work will be necessary to de- termine whether the better exposed Navajo Sandstone, which comprises the eponymous Rainbow Bridge, in- cludes paleontological resources inside RABR. Timpanogos Cave National Monument (TICA) TICA was originally established to protect 5600 feet of caves in the Mississippian Deseret Limestone (Fig- ure 41). Whereas a handful of invertebrate fossils have been collected from this unit (R. Horrocks, NPS, per- sonal communication, 2001; Santucci et al., 2001; Fig- ures 42A and 42B), the best study of paleontological resources at TICA was provided by George (1999). In that study, George sampled packrat middens from sev- eral localities within the Monument in order to identify mammal remains. This survey returned diverse fossil- ized mammals (Figures 42C and 42D) and even snake and bird remains, all of extant species. Small mammals (rodents, hares, mustelids) represented the majority of the collected material, and bighorn sheep comprised the largest proportion of macromammal specimens. The still-extant status of the taxa observed led George to conclude that the middens were likely of Holocene age, and that the diversity recorded within is consistent with the modern ecosystem in the American Fork region (George, 1999). To date, this study remains the only sys- tematic survey for paleontological resources at TICA. Because George (1999) focused on the mammal taxa in the study, he did not assign the snake and bird fos- sils to alpha taxa. These materials are fragmentary and include a single snake mandible and a few bird bones of “relatively large size” (George, 1999). We represent HOVE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing and colors adopted from Doelling and Kuehne (2013). All fossils cited from Shaffer et al. (2024) BU RR O C AN YO N NATURITA EA RL Y CR ET AC EO US LA TE Ye llo w C at Invertebrate burrows Possible root casts Plant fragments QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS Figure 36. Biostratigraphic dia- gram for Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE). Strati- graphic column and colors mod- ified from Doelling and Kuehne (2013); all taxa from Shaffer et al. (2024). 265 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 these as a gopher snake and a golden eagle, respectively, because these taxa are well-known to inhabit Utah for at least part of the year. Santucci and Kirkland (2010) reported a bison skeleton collected at TICA based on a report from monument cave resource specialist Rod Horrocks (NPS, written communication, 1999). Zion National Park (ZION) The geology and paleontology of ZION is consistent with those of the other large NPS units in Utah (ARCH, CANY, CARE, GLCA). The best overall information on ZION fossils was obtained during an inventory con- ducted by the UGS (DeBlieux et al., 2005). Much of what they found is consistent with many southern Utah NPS units (e.g., ARCH, CANY, GLCA), especially in the fossils of the Chinle Formation and the overlying Ear- ly and Middle Jurassic formations at ZION (Figure 43). As in other parks, these units at ZION have produced abundant petrified logs and scrappy vertebrate remains (usually metoposaurs, aetosaurs, and phytosaurs) in the Chinle Formation and footprints across the Moenave (equivalent to the Wingate Sandstone at ARCH, CANY, and GLCA) and Kayenta Formations and the overlying Navajo Sandstone. Vertebrate traces at ZION and other Utah parks include the theropod footprint taxa Eubron- tes and Grallator as well as four-toed footprints that may have been made by small non-mammalian synapsids (Smith and Santucci, 2001; DeBlieux et al., 2006; Mick- elson et al., 2006b; Figure 44). The Late Triassic Chinle Formation at ZION has proven to be fossiliferous, as revealed through the UGS field inventory in 2005. An important discovery during the 2005 UGS survey was a tooth of a herbivorous rep- tile named Revueltosaurus (Heckert et al., 2006). Simi- larities between the teeth of Revueltosaurus and those of ornithischian dinosaurs led paleontologists to classi- fy this animal into that larger group (Hunt and Lucas, 1994). However, with the discovery of more complete specimens in Arizona, Revueltosaurus was later found to be a pseudosuchian archosaur closer to crocodylians than to birds and dinosaurs (Parker et al., 2005, 2021; Irmis et al., 2007). Paleontological work is ongoing at ZION thanks to the efforts of Physical Scientist, Robyn Henderek. In 2023, Henderek hired Scientists-in-the-Parks intern Conner Bennett to help manage collections and con- Figure 37. Paleontological resources from the Late Cretaceous Naturita Formation at HOVE. (A) Possible root casts and (B) invertebrate burrows. Photographs courtesy of Austin Shaffer (Shaffer et al., 2024). 266 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 M O EN KO PITR IA SS IC PE RM IA N U pp er Ho sk i- ni ni Shina. QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS M on ito r Bu �e M os s Ba ck O RG AN RO CK CE DA R M ES A SA N DS TO N E CH IN LE NABR BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing modified from Lewis et al. (2011). Colors from Doelling (2007), Biek et al. (2010), and Lewis et al. (2011). Ver�cal arrangement of taxa not correlated one-to-one with precise stra�graphic posi�on. Mountain goat bones and dung Mead et al. (1987) Reworked petrified wood NPS (undated) Root casts Ver�cal and horizontal burrows Figure 38. Biostratigraphic diagram for Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR). Abbreviations: Shina., Shinarump Member, Chinle Formation. 267 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 duct fieldwork. During his internship, Bennett discov- ered the first recorded coelacanth specimen from ZION (a disarticulated partial skull) in the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation. Coelacanths from this geological unit have been recorded elsewhere, espe- cially at SGDS (Milner and Kirkland, 2006; Harris and Milner, 2015). Paleontological outreach efforts are also being conducted at ZION. Bennett and Henderek or- ganized the first National Fossil Day event in the park, and Henderek commissioned paleoartist Brian Engh to decorate the newly installed electric buses at ZION with reconstructions of vertebrates from the Navajo Figure 40. Close-up photograph of a single Eubrontes track at RABR, the only fossil thus far documented in the monument (from Chidsey et al., 2010, Figure 5). N AV A JO S AN D ST O N E KA YE N TA JU RA SS IC EA RL Y G le n Ca ny on G ro up QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS Eubrontes (Possible Eubrontes track maker) Dilophosaurus RABR BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing modified from Chidsey et al. (2024). Occurrence of Eubrontes based on Hall (1934) and Lockley et al. (1998). Figure 39. Biostratigraphic diagram for Rainbow Bridge National Monument (RABR). Stratigraphic column for RABR mod- ified from Chidsey et al. (2024). 268 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Sandstone (Henderek, 2023; Figure 45). Recent col- laborative field survey between ZION and the SGDS documented a large scorpion tracksite (cf. Paleohelcu- ra) in the Navajo in the park (Milner, SGDS, personal observations). In the summer of 2025, ZION opened a new temporary exhibit on the flora, fauna, and paleo- environment of the Triassic-Jurassic transition within the park, driven by the research of Celina Suarez (Uni- versity of Arkansas) and collaboration with SDGS and UGS (NPS, 2025b). A. TICA STRATIGRAPHY Stra�graphic column drawing modified from Constenius et al. (2011). Colors from Sprinkel (2007) and Constenius et al. (2011). B. TICA FOSSIL DIVERSITY Ver�cal arrangement not correlated one-to-one with precise stra�graphic posi�on. CA M BR IA N N EO PR O - TE RO - ZO IC M IS SI SS IP PI A N DEV. OPHIR HUMBUG QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS M U TU A L TI N TI C Q U A RT ZI TE G RE AT B LU E LI M ES TO N E U pp er li m es to ne Sh al e Llst D ES ER ET LI M ES TO N E MAXFIELD LIMESTONE FITCHVILLE DOLOMITE GARDISON LIMESTONE Colonial corals Santucci et al. (2001) Horn corals Snails Snake Bird All from George (1999) except where noted Ground squirrel Mink and pine marten Marmot RaccoonDeer mice HarePackrats (bones + middens) Vole Black bearBighorn sheep Bison Santucci and Kirkland (2010) Crinoids Figure 41. Biostratigraphic diagram for Timpanogos Cave National Monument (TICA). (A) Stratigraphy of TICA, modified from Constenius et al. (2011). (B) Fossil diversity of TICA. Abbreviations: Llst, Lower limestone member, Great Blue Limestone. 269 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK The biostratigraphic diagrams for the 13 NPS units in Utah showcase the full extent of the complex geologic history, diverse paleoenvironments, and fossil taxa and ichnotaxa that are preserved in these parks and mon- uments. Together, these parks and monuments record most of Utah’s geologic history, especially in the Paleo- zoic and Mesozoic Eras. We hope that, by showing all data and work conducted in each park through 2024, these diagrams can serve as a launch board for future research and interpretation. Studies through partner- ships like that between the NPS Paleontology Program and the UGS should investigate the gaps in knowledge for Utah’s geological record. The NPS areas of Utah pro- vide opportunities for this work because most preserve fossiliferous strata with high potential to reveal insights into key intervals of deep time. Examples of these types of studies are already underway, with the recent dis- covery of new fossil localities in the Chinle Formation, Wingate Sandstone, Kayenta Formation, and Navajo Sandstone at GLCA (Milner et al., 2024), the Moenkopi and Chinle Formations at CANY (DeBlieux et al., 2021, 2023, 2024), and in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene strata at BRCA (Tran et al., 2024). These projects are sig- Figure 42. Overview of fossils recovered from TICA. Fossils include (A) coral and (B) gastropod, likely from the Deseret Limestone, and (C) miscellaneous bones and (D) a rodent skull from Quaternary cave deposits at TICA. Photographs cour- tesy of Camille McKinney, TICA (Tweet et al., 2012k, Figures 4 through 7). 270 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 MOENKOPI KAIBAB TRIASSIC CHINLEKAYENTA NAVAJO SANDSTONE JURASSIC CR ET . MOE- NAVE Tenney Canyon La m b Po in t (N av S st ) Cameron Sp rin gd al e Ss t Shnabkaib middle red lower red upper red PERMIAN TEMPLE CAPCARMEL N AT U RI TA + CE D AR M T. Vi rg in L st Ti m po - w ee p Ro ck C an yo n Cg l. W hi te Th ro ne Si na w av a Co-op Creek Limestone Crystal Creek Pa ria Ri ve rWinsor Di no sa ur Ca ny on W hi tm or e Pt Main body Sh in ar um p Co ng lo m er at e Pu rp le p e- do ge ni c be ds Fossil Mt. Harris- burg EARLYMIDDLE EA RL Y EARLYLATE EARLY Q . H ol o. + Pl ei st . Su r� ci al d ep os its M ya lin a sp . De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 5) Bi va lv ia sp p. De Bl ie ux et a l. (2 00 5) M ol lu sc a in de t. Sa nt uc ci (2 00 0) As te ro id ea in de t. Ga st ro po da sp p. De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 5) Bi so n sp . Sa nt uc ci (2 00 0) Ar �o da ct yl tr ac k Sa nt uc ci (2 00 0) Bi rd tr ac k Sa nt uc ci (2 00 0) Iso cr in us n ico le tti De Bl ie ux et a l. (2 00 5) Am m on ite s Sa nt uc ci (2 00 0) M ee ko ce ra �d am m on ite s M iln er , p er so na l ob se rv a� on s M et op os au rid ae in de t. De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 6) Eu br on te s Ka ye nt ap us M iln er et a l. (2 01 2) Ch ar ac ic hn os (s w im m in g tr ac es ) (P os sib le E ub ro nt es tr ac k m ak er ) Di lo ph os au ru s (P os sib le G ra lla to r an d Ch ar ac ic hn os tr ac k m ak er s) M eg ap no sa ur us Sa nm ig ue lia le w isi Ae to sa ur ia in de t. De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 5) Ph yt os au ria in de t. De Bl ie ux a nd e t a l. (2 00 6) Cr oc od yl om or ph a M iln er , p er so na l o bs er va �o ns Lo ph io no tu s s p. Lo ph io no tu s s p. Fo ur -to ed tr ac k De Bl ie ux et a l. (2 00 5) (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ka ye nt at he riu m As te ro so m a (b ri� le st ar re s� ng tr ac e) De Bl ie ux et a l. (2 00 5) Ch iro th er iu m Rh yn ch os au ro id es M ic ke lso n et a l. (2 00 6b ) ?A no m oe pu s De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 6) Di ve rs e tr ac k bl oc k De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 6) (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ps eu do su ch ia in de t. (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Le pi do sa ur om or ph a in de t. Gr al la to r Re vu el to sa ur us a ff. R . c al le nd er i He ck er t e t a l. (2 00 6) (P os sib le K ay en ta pu s tr ac k m ak er ) Th er op od a in de t. O st ei ch th ye s i nd et . Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pe tr ifi ed w oo d Pl an ta e sp p. ZI O N 6 35 N ew co el ac an th (2 02 3) Gr al la to r M iln er e t a l. (2 01 2) Pl an ta e sp p. Ar au ca rit es sp . Sa in tg eo rg ia sp . (P os sib le G ra lla to r tr ac k m ak er ) Se gi sa ur us A. Z IO N S TR AT IG RA PH Y St ra �g ra ph ic c ol um n dr aw in g an d un it th ic kn es se s ad op te d fr om C lit es a nd S an tu cc i ( 20 12 ), Fi g. 1 . Co lo rs a do pt ed fr om B ie k et a l. (2 01 0) . B. Z IO N F O SS IL D IV ER SI TY Ve r� ca l a rr an ge m en t o f t ax a is no t c or re la te d on e- to -o ne w ith p re ci se st ra �g ra ph ic o cc ur re nc e. U nc ite d ta xa w er e re co rd ed d ur in g fie ld su rv ey a nd /o r c on fir m ed p re se nt in Z IO N s p al eo nt ol og ic al c ol le c� on s d at ab as e (IC M S) . Q ua dr up ed al tr ac ks De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 5, 2 00 6) Gr al la to r De Bl ie ux e t a l. (2 00 5, 2 00 6) (P os sib le tr ac k m ak er ) Ka ye nt at he riu m cf . P al eo he lc ur a M iln er , p er so na l ob se rv a� on s (P os sib le P al eo he lc ur a tr ac k m ak er ) Sc or pi on Fi gu re 4 3. B io st ra tig ra ph ic d ia gr am fo r Z io n N at io na l P ar k (Z IO N ). (A ) S tr at ig ra ph y of Z IO N , m od ifi ed fr om B ie k et a l. (2 00 3, 2 01 0) . ( B) F os sil di ve rs ity o f Z IO N . A bb re vi at io ns : ( ge ol og ic ti m e) C RE T. , C re ta ce ou s; H ol o. , H ol oc en e; P le ist ., Pl ei st oc en e; Q ., Q ua te rn ar y se di m en ts ; ( ge ol og y) C gl ., co ng lo m er at e; L st , l im es to ne ; S st , s an ds to ne ; N av S st , N av aj o Sa nd st on e; M t., m ou nt ai n; P t., p oi nt . 271 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 nificant because they both aid in identifying and man- aging the resource and they contribute to the overall knowledge of the paleoenvironments and biodiversity recorded in regionally significant geologic formations. The results of these and future research projects may be made more accessible through expanded interpretation and outreach programming. It is important to reiterate that it is the duty of the NPS and the Department of Interior to preserve, re- search, and conduct outreach on its paleontological resources for the enjoyment and education of future generations of the public. This is mandated through multiple laws, regulations, and policies, especially the Organic Act of 1916 (64th Congress, 1916), the Paleon- tological Resources Preservation Act of 2009 (PRPA; 111th Congress, 2009), and NPS Management Policies (2006, Section 4.8.2.1). Ongoing collaboration between the NPS (the NPS Paleontology Program and staff at individual parks) and outside organizations (the UGS, the SDGS, and other researchers) has been vital to ful- filling this responsibility, as exemplified through the in- ventories, research, and outreach discussed throughout this document. This cooperation ensures that the pub- lic continues to benefit scientifically and educationally from the paleontological resources already discussed and yet to be discovered within these iconic and scenic landscapes. This document is not the intended final iteration of this project. We encourage individual parks, NPS re- gional offices, and cooperating partner organizations to incorporate the included visuals into easily accessible and engaging interpretive materials such as interactive Figure 44. Key fossils from the Triassic–Jurassic of Zion National Park (ZION). (A) A swim track block from the Moenkopi Formation in the Kolob Canyon area; (B) specimen of Sanmiguelia lewisi from the uppermost Whitmore Point Member, Moenave Formation (modified from Ash et al., 2014); (C) tridactyl theropod track (DeBlieux et al., 2006); and (D) Eubrontes at the Subway Tracksite in the Kayenta Formation (DeBlieux et al., 2006). Photographs A through C courtesy of Andrew Milner; photograph D courtesy of Don DeBlieux). 272 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 and comparative website map applications. Such prod- ucts would serve as an educational and scientific tool to help the public, NPS staff, and researchers quickly and easily understand the temporal and taxonomic diversity of paleontological resources thus far documented in the national parks and monuments of Utah. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We extend our gratitude to Douglas A. Sprinkel, Azteca Geosolutions, who was very enthusiastic about publishing this work in the Geology of the Intermountain West. His encouragement and coordination between us and the journal were pivotal to formalizing and dissem- inating the material within this manuscript. Many reviewers offered insight and feedback on earlier versions of the text and diagrams. These include Robert Gay (Idaho Museum of Natural History), Joshua Lively (Prehistoric Museum, Utah State University East- ern), and Jeffrey Martz (Museum of Texas Tech Univer- sity). Jerry Harris (St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm) also provided helpful suggestions for constructing and formatting the attached appendix. Their contributions have been invaluable to ensuring the accuracy and accessibility of this material. Thank you to the following people for providing photographs: Alexandra Bonham (Stephen W. Caroth- ers & Associates), Ken Carpenter (Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado), Andre Delgalvis (Del- galvisart Studio 2138), Camille McKinney (Timpano- gos Cave National Monument), and David Slauf (St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm). We also thank several curators and collections managers for access to specimens and allowing us to photograph them in museum exhibits and collections: Joshua Live- ly, Matt Mers, and Katy Corneli (Utah State University Eastern Prehistoric Museum), Carolyn Levitt-Bussian and Randy B. Irmis (Natural History Museum of Utah), Figure 45. ZION’s fleet of electric buses adorned with reconstructions of the Navajo Sandstone and its faunas by paleoartist Brian Engh. Modified from Henderek (2023). 273 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 and Karen Chin and Jacob Van Veldhulzen (University of Colorado at Boulder). We would like to thank paleoartist Benji Paysnoe of CAMBEN Creatives LLC for illustrating the cover art for this document. Thank you for bringing our concept to life, combining the parks’ temporal and taxonomic diversity with their iconic modern features. Finally, we extend our appreciation to the countless current and former interns, staff, volunteers, research- ers, and partners who have contributed to the preserva- tion of and education on paleontological resources in Utah’s NPS areas. This work would not have been pos- sible without the foundation of data, stewardship, and outreach produced by these dedicated individuals. 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Whitlock, J.A., Garderes, J.P., Gallina, P., and Lamanna, M.C., 2025, Athenar bermani, a new species of dicraeosaurid sauropod from Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, U.S.A.: Paleontologia Electronica, article no. 28.3.a50, 13 p., https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2025/5682-ath- enar-bermani-new-dicraeosaurid-sauropod. Wilcox, W.T., and Currie, B., 2008, Sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic Curtis, Summerville, and Stump Formations, eastern Utah and northwest Colorado, in Longman, M.W., and Morgan, C.D., editors, Hydrocarbon systems and pro- duction in the Uinta Basin, Utah: Rocky Mountain Associ- ation of Geologists and Utah Geological Association Pub- lication 37, p. 9–41. Wilkens, N.D, 2008, Paleoecology of Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone interdune deposits: Tempe, Arizona State Uni- versity, Ph.D. dissertation, 417 p. Williams, J.A.J., and Lohrengel, C.F., 2007, Preliminary study of freshwater gastropods in the Wahweap Formation, Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no. 5, p. 43. Williams, M.R., 2009, Stratigraphy of Upper Pennsylvanian cy- clic carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, western Paradox Ba- sin, Utah, in Houston, W.S., Wray, L.L., and Moreland, P.G., editors, The Paradox Basin revisited—new developments in petroleum systems and basin analysis: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Publication, p. 381–435. Wilson, W., 1915, Presidential Proclamation No. 1313—es- tablishment of the Dinosaur National Monument, in Sullivan, T. A., compiler, Proclamations and orders re- lating to the National Park Service up to January 1, 1945, p. 173. Wilson, W., 1918, Presidential Proclamation No. 1435—re- designation of Mukuntuweap National Monument to Zion National Monument, in Sullivan, T. A., compiler, Proclamations and orders relating to the National Park Service up to January 1, 1945, p. 53–56. Wood, J.R., Bozek, M.A., Milner, A.R.C., Mims, A.L., San- tucci, V.L., and Frost, F., 2021, Structure from motion photogrammetry enhances paleontological resource documentation, research, preservation and education efforts for National Park Service areas, in Lucas, S.G., Hunt, A.P., and Lichtig, A.J., editors, Fossil record 7: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 82, p. 513–523. Zanno, L.E., Tucker, R.T., Canoville, A., Avrahami, H.M., Gates, T.A., and Makovicky, P.J., 2019, Diminutive fleet-footed tyrannosauroid narrows the 70-million-year gap in the North American fossil record: Nature Commu- nications Biology, v. 2, no. 64, 12 p., https://doi:10.1038/ s42003-019-0308-7. Zuchuat, V., Steel, E., Mulligan, R.P., Collins, D.S., and Green, J.A.M., 2022, Tidal dynamics in paleo-seas in response to changes in physiography, tidal forcing and bed shear stress: Sedimentology, v. 69, p. 1861–1890. A-1 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 APPENDIX TAXONOMIC LIST OF FOSSILS IN THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS IN UTAH Background Although the diagrams are comprehensive in biostratigraphic extent, they do not completely capture the full taxonomic diversity that has been recorded within the NPS areas in Utah. For example, Eaton (2013) fig- ured and described numerous multituberculates and other mammals to the genus level within the Straight Cliffs and Wahweap Formations at BRCA. However, these genera are summarized visually as a singular mammal individual (except Dakotamys shakespeari, Eaton, 2013) in Figure 17. This approach of depicting multiple taxa with a single representative individual was used across all diagrams to mitigate visual noise and promote the ease of comprehension. In order to ensure completeness of data, we include this appendix of all known fossil taxa and associated references from the NPS areas in Utah, listed by park and geologic formation. This appen- dix is modeled after the taxonomic list of Titus et al. (2016). Type species originally described from fossils first documented in these parks are indicated with asterisks (*). Because these are based on the literature, some tax- onomy and identifications are inevitably outdated. Arches National Park (ARCH) Paradox Formation, Pennsylvanian (ARCH) Anthozoa Rugosa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) Brachiopoda Productida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) Arthropoda Trilobita Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (ARCH) Pseudosuchia Chirotherium isp. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Church Rock Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (ARCH) Plantae Sanmiguelia sp. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Amphibia A-2 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Metoposauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Pseudosuchia Aetosauria cf. Typothorax sp. (in Martz and Kirkland, unpublished field notes) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Wingate Sandstone, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (ARCH) Pseudosuchia Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Dinosauria Grallator isp. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Kayenta Formation, Early Jurassic (ARCH) Dinosauria Theropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Marsh et al., 2024) Theropod tracks (in Madsen et al., 2012) Navajo Sandstone, Early Jurassic (ARCH) Theropoda Grallator isp. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Curtis Formation, Late Jurassic (ARCH) Theropoda cf. Megalobrontes isp. (in Britt, 1996) Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (ARCH) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Britt, 1996) Mollusca Bivalvia Unionidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Britt, 1996) Dinosauria Theropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Britt, 1996) Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (ARCH) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) Dinosauria Ornithischia Ankylosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Swanson et al., 2005) A-3 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Saurischia Sauropoda Apatosaurus sp. (in Swanson et al., 2005; Madsen et al., 2012) Yellow Cat Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, Early Cretaceous (ARCH) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Dinosauria Saurischia Sauropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Poison Strip Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, Early Cretaceous (ARCH) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Ruby Ranch Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, Early Cretaceous (ARCH) Dinosauria Saurischia Sauropoda cf. Brontopodus isp. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Theropoda Ornithomimosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Deinonychosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Ornithischia Ornithopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Ankylosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Tununk Shale, Mancos Group, Late Cretaceous (ARCH) Mollusca Bivalvia Pycnodonte newberryi umbonata (in Madsen et al., 2012) Blue Gate Shale, Mancos Group, Late Cretaceous (ARCH) Mollusca Bivalvia Platyceramus cycloides (in Madsen et al., 2012) Pseudoperna congesta (in Madsen et al., 2012) Eocene (Reworked) (ARCH) Mollusca Bivalvia Plesielliptio sp. (in Oviatt, 1988) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Oviatt, 1988) A-4 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gastropoda Biomphalaria sp. (in Oviatt, 1988) cf. Biomphalaria sp. (in Oviatt, 1988) Drepanotrema? sp. (in Oviatt, 1988) Goniobasis tenera (in Oviatt, 1988) Goniobasis cf. G. tenera (in Oviatt, 1988) Physa sp. (in Oviatt, 1988) Planorbidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Oviatt, 1988) Quaternary Sediments (ARCH) Plantae Rhizoliths (in Oviatt, 1988) Polypodiophyta Equisetales Equisetum sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Gymnospermae Cupressaceae Juniperus osteosperma (in Sharpe, 1991; Smith and Betancourt, 1998) Juniperus sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Pinaceae Picea pungens (in Smith and Betancourt, 1998) Pinus edulis (in Smith and Betancourt, 1998) Pinus flexilis (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Pinus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Pseudotsuga menziesii (in Sharpe, 1991; Smith and Betancourt, 1998) Angiospermae Nyctaginaceae Abronia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Rosaceae Amelanchier utahensis (in Sharpe, 1991) Cercocarpus cf. C. montanus (in Sharpe, 1991) Coleogyne ramosissima (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Rosa sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Boraginaceae Amsinckia sp./Cryptantha sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Cryptantha cf. C. cinerea (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Cryptantha sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Lithospermum cf. L. incisum (in Sharpe, 1991) Tiquilia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Papaveraceae Argemone sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Asteraceae Artemisia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Artemisia sp./Chrysothamnus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Chrysopsis sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Chrysothamnus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Chrysothamnus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) A-5 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Cirsium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Cirsium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gutierrezia cf. G. microcephala (in Sharpe, 1991) Gutierrezia cf. G. sarothrae (in Sharpe, 1991) Gutierrezia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Fabaceae Astragalus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Amaranthaceae Atriplex sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Chenopodium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Krashcheninnikovia lanata/Ceratoides lanata (in Sharpe, 1991) Cheno-Am pollen (in Nittmann, 1993) Chenopodiaceae gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Poaceae Bouteloua sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Heteropogon sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Stipa hymenoides (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Cyperaceae Carex sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Santalaceae Comandra umbellata (in Sharpe, 1991) Cornaceae Cornus sericea (in Sharpe, 1991) Brassicaceae Dithyrea wislizenii (in Sharpe, 1991) Dyssodia acerosa (in Sharpe, 1991) Lepidium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Oleaceae cf. Fraxinus anomala (in Sharpe, 1991) Loasaceae Mentzelia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Cactaceae Opuntia polyacantha (in Sharpe, 1991) Opuntia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991; Nittmann, 1993) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Apiaceae Osmorhiza depauperata (in Sharpe, 1991) Salicaceae Populus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica (in Sharpe, 1991) Rhus trilobata (in Smith and Betancourt, 1998) Grossulariaceae Ribes montigenum (in Sharpe, 1991) Malvaceae A-6 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Sphaeralcea sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Asparagaceae Yucca cf. Y. angustissima (in Sharpe, 1991) Yucca sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Polemoniaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Mollusca Bivalvia Pisidium cf. P. variable (in Nittmann, 1993) Pisidium cf. P. walkeri (in Nittmann, 1993) Pisidium sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Gastropoda Deroceras laeve (in Nittmann, 1993) Discus whitneyi (formerly D. cronkhitei) (in Nittmann, 1993) Euconulus fulvus (in Nittmann, 1993) Galba bulimoides (formerly Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides) (in Nittmann, 1993) Galba dalli (formerly Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) dalli (in Nittmann, 1993) Galba cf. G. obrussa (formerly Fossaria obrussa) (in Nittmann, 1993) Galba sp. (formerly Fossaria sp.) (in Nittmann, 1993) Gastrocopta pellucida (in Nittmann, 1993) Gastrocopta sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Hawaiia miniscula (in Nittmann, 1993) Nesovitrea hammonis electrina (in Nittmann, 1993) Oxyloma sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Physella sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Pupilla blandi (in Nittmann, 1993) Pupilla muscorum (in Nittmann, 1993) Pupilla sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Pupoides hordaceous (in Nittmann, 1993) Vallonia cf. V. gracilicosta (in Nittmann, 1993) Vallonia cyclophorella (in Nittmann, 1993) Vallonia sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) cf. Zonitoides arboreus (in Nittmann, 1993) Succineidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Nittmann, 1993) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Madsen et al., 2012) Arthropoda Ostracoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Oviatt, 1988; Nittmann, 1993) Reptilia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991; Nittmann, 1993) Aves Gen. et sp. indet. (in Nittmann, 1993) Mammalia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Nittmann, 1993) Rodentia Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Proboscidea Mammuthus columbi (in Santucci et al., 2001; Swanson et al., 2005) A-7 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Artiodactyla Bison bison (in Mead et al., 1991) Ovis canadensis (in Mead et al., 1991) Diatomista Gen. et sp. indet. (in Oviatt, 1988) Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA) Naturita Formation (Dakota Formation in older references), Late Cretaceous (BRCA) Mollusca Bivalvia cf. Exogyra sp. (in this paper) Tropic Shale, Late Cretaceous (BRCA) Mollusca Cephalopoda Ammonoidea Allocrioceras annulatum (in Cobban, 1996) Baculites gracilis (in Reeside, 1937) Baculites yokoyamai (in Cobban, 1996) Baculites sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Burroceras irregulare (in Cobban, 1996) Collignoniceras woollgari (in Tran et al., 2024) Euomphaloceras septemseriatum (in Cobban, 1996) Mammites nodosoides (in Cobban, 1996) Metoicoceras geslisianum (in Cobban, 1996) Prionocyclus hyatti (in Cobban, 1996) Sciponoceras gracile (in Cobban, 1996) Bivalvia Anomia sp. (in Reeside, 1939) Corbicula (Cyrena) securis (in Reeside, 1939) Corbicula (Cyrena) sequilateralis (in Reeside, 1939) Exogyra columbella (in Reeside, 1939) Inoceramus pictus (in Cobban, 1996) Inoceramus sp. (in Cobban, 1996) Ostrea prudentia (in Reeside, 1937) Ostrea soleniscus (in Reeside, 1939) Parvilucina juvensis (formerly Nymphalucina juvensis) (in Cobban, 1996) Phelopteria sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Psilomya meeki (in Cobban, 1996) Pycnodonte newberryi (in Cobban. 1996) Volsella sp. (in Reeside, 1939) Gastropoda Euspira sp. (in Cobban, 1996) Neritina bellulata (in Reeside, 1937) Neritina incompta (in Cobban, 1996) Perissoptera prolabiata (in Cobban, 1996) A-8 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Turritella whitei (in Cobban, 1996) Viviparus sp. (in Cobban, 1996) Testudines Protostegidae Gen. et sp. indet. (this paper) Smoky Hollow Member, Straight Cliffs Formation, Late Cretaceous (BRCA) Plantae Angiospermae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Gastropoda Admetopsis spp. (in Hoffman, 2005) Actinopterygii Lepisosteiformes Lepisosteus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Crocodylomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Dinosauria Hadrosauromorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci and Kirkland, 2010; Tran et al., 2024) Theropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Testudines Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) John Henry Member, Straight Cliffs Formation, Late Cretaceous (BRCA) Plantae Angiospermae cf. Cercidiphyllum sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) cf. Saliciphyllum sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Menispermaceae indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Mollusca Bivalvia Corbula sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Elasmobranchii Brachyrhizodus sp. (in Williamson et al., 2011) Actinopterygii Teleostei Gen. et sp. indet. type O (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Acanthomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) A-9 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Hiodontidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Lepisosteiformes Lepisosteus sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Ostariophysi Otophysi Gen. et sp. indet. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Pycnodontiformes Micropycnodon sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Paralbula sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Amphibia Allocaudata Albanerpedontidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gardner and DeMar, 2013) cf. Albanerpeton nexuosum (in Gardner and DeMar, 2013) Anura Scotiophryne pustulosa (in Roček et al., 2010, 2013; Gardner and Demar, 2013) Urodela Batrachosauroididae Opisthotriton sp. (in Gardner et al., 2013) Family incertae sedis Gen. et sp. nov. (in Gardner et al., 2013) Scapherpedontidae Scapherpeton sp. (in Gardner et al., 2013) Sirenidae Habrosaurus sp. (in Gardner et al., 2013) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Roček et al., 2010; Gardner and DeMar, 2013) Crocodylomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Eusuchia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Irmis et al., 2013) Mesoeucrocodylia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Irmis et al., 2013) Neosuchia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Irmis et al., 2013) Unnamed clade of Atoposauridae + Eusuchia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Irmis et al., 2013) Dinosauria Hadrosauromorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci and Kirkland, 2010; Gates et al., 2013; Tran et al., 2024) Theropoda Dromaeosauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Ornithomimosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in this paper) Tyrannosauroidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in this paper) Testudines A-10 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Adocus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Aspideretoides sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Baenidae Neurankylus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Naomichelys sp. (in Eaton, 1999) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Trionychidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Squamata Autarchoglossa Morphotype D (in Nydam, 2013) Ophidia Coniophis sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Platynota cf. Colpodontosaurus sp. (in Nydam, 2013) Morphotype B (in Nydam, 2013) Morphotype C (in Nydam, 2013) Scincomorpha Monocnemodon syphakos* (in Nydam, 2013) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Nydam, 2013) Mammalia Multituberculata Cimolodontidae Cedaromys sp. cf. C. hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolodon similis (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. foxi (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolodon sp. cf. C. similis (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolomyidae Cimolomys sp. B (in Eaton, 2002, 2013) ?Cimolomys sp. A (in Eaton, 2013) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2013) Marsupalia “Didelphomorpha” Apistodon sp. cf. A. exiguus (in Eaton, 2013) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) “Alphadontidae” ?Varalphadon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Didelphidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) Stagodontidae Eodelphis sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Pediomydiae ?Leptalestes sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) Triconodonta cf. Alticonodon sp. (in Eaton, 2013) A-11 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) Trechnotheria ?Spalacotheridium sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Symmetrodontoides sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Drip Tank Member, Straight Cliffs Formation, Late Cretaceous (BRCA) Crocodylomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Dinosauria Hadrosauromorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gates et al., 2013; Tran et al., 2024) Wahweap Formation, Late Cretaceous (BRCA) Plantae Angiospermae cf. Sabalites (in Tran et al., 2024) Arthropoda Crustacea Ostracoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Meyers and Knauss, 2021) Xanthidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Milner, written communications) Paguiroidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Milner, written communications) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Gastropoda Physa sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Reesidella sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Viviparus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Elasmobranchii Chiloscyllium missouriense (in Kirkland et al., 2013) Columbusia deblieuxi* (in Kirkland et al., 2013) Cristomylus cifellii (in Kirkland et al., 2013) Lonchidion sp. (in Kirkland et al., 2013) Texatrygon brycensis* (in Kirkland et al., 2013) Actinopterygii Amiidae Amia sp. (in Tran et al., 2013) Lepisosteiformes Lepidotes sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Lepisosteus sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Otophysi Gen. et sp. indet. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Pycnodontiformes Micropycnodon sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Paralbula sp. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) A-12 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Teleostei Acanthomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Brinkman et al., 2013) Amphibia Allocaudata Albanerpedontidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gardner and DeMar, 2013) Anura Scotiophryne pustulosa (in Roček et al., 2010, 2013; Gardner and Demar, 2013) Morphotype 1 (in Roček et al., 2013; Gardner et al., 2016) Family incertae sedis Nezpercius dodsoni (in Gardner and DeMar, 2013) Urodela Scapherpedontidae Scapherpeton tectum (in Gardner and DeMar, 2013) Scapherpeton sp. (in Gardner and DeMar, 2013) Crocodylomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Dinosauria Ankylosauridae Gen et sp. indet. (in Eaton et al., 1998) Hadrosauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Hadrosaurid pes tracks (in Tran et al., 2024) Theropoda Gen. et sp. indet (in Eaton et al., 1998) Ceratopsidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Eaton et al., 1998; Tran et al., 2024) Testudines Adocidae Adocus sp. (in Meyers and Knauss, 2021) Baenidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Neurankylus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Chelydridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Compsemys sp. (in Eaton et al., 1998) Bothremys sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Naomichelys sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Trionychidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Aspideretoides sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Squamata Chamops segnis (in Eaton et al., 1998) Contogenys sp. (in Eaton et al., 1998) Mammalia Multituberculata Cimolodonta A-13 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Family incertae sedis ?Paracimexomys sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolodontidae Cedaromys sp. cf. C. hutchisoni (in Eaton, 2013) Cimolomyidae Cimolomys sp. (in Eaton, 2013) Family incertae sedis Dakotamys shakespeari* (in Eaton, 2013; originally referred to the John Henry Member, Straight Cliffs Formation) Neoplagiaulacidae Mesodma sp. cf. M. formosa (in Eaton, 2013) Mesodma sp. cf. M. minor (in Eaton, 2013) Marsupalia Pediomydiae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Eaton, 2013) Varalphadon sp. cf. V. creber (in Eaton, 2013) Pink Member, Claron Formation, Paleogene (BRCA) Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Celliforma isp. (in Davis et al., 2015; Tran et al., 2024) Coleoptera Eatonichnus claronensis (in Davis et al., 2015; Tran et al., 2024) Eatonichnus utahensis (in Davis et al., 2015; Tran et al., 2024) Parowanichnus isp. (in Davis et al., 2015; Tran et al., 2024) Angiospermae Celtis sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tran et al., 2024) Mollusca Bivalvia Unionidae indet. Gastropoda (in Tran et al., 2024) Physa pleromatis (in Tran et al., 2024) cf. Physa sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) cf. Viviparus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) Actinopterygii Lepisosteiformes Lepisosteus sp. (in Tran et al., 2024) White Member, Claron Formation, Paleogene (BRCA) Indeterminate trace fossils (in this paper) Boat Mesa Conglomerate, Paleogene (BRCA) Paleozoic invertebrates (reworked) (in Santucci and Kirkland, 2010) Quaternary Sediments (BRCA) Plantae A-14 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gymnospermae Pinopsida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Cupressaceae Juniperus osteosperma (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Juniperus scopulorum (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Juniperus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Pinaceae Pinus edulis (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Pinus ponderosa (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Angiospermae Eudicotidae Caryophyllales Cactaceae Echinocereus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Fagales Fagaceae Quercus gambelli (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Quercus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Ranunculales Berberidaceae Berberis repens (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Sapindales Anacardiaceae Rhus trilobata (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Monocotidae Poales Poaceae Oryzopsis hymenoides (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Insecta Coleoptera Buprestidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Carabidae Rhadine sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Chrysomelidae Altica sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Cleridae Cymatodera latifasciata (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Curculionidae Sapotes sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Ophryastes sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Elateridae Esthesopus parcus (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Melanotus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Latridiidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) A-15 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Mycetophaginae Litargus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Ptinidae Niptus cf. ventriculus (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Niptus spp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Ptinus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Scarabaeidae Aphodius sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Staphylinidae Pselaptrichus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Quedius sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Tenebrionidae Gen et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Coniontis sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Eleodes spp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Entrodes sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) cf. Metaponium sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Diptera Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Hemiptera Lygaeidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Hymenoptera Apoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Formicidae Camponotus sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Formica sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Pheidole sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Pogonomyrmex sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Orthoptera Acrididae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Mammalia Rodentia Neotoma sp. (in Agenbroad et al., 1992) Canyonlands National Park (CANY) Honaker Trail Formation, Late Pennsylvanian (CANY) Porifera Haplistion sphaericum (in Rigby and Stokes, 1971) Anthozoa Rugosa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Szymanski et al., 2024) Arthropoda Trilobita A-16 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Proetida Griffithides sp. (in McKnight 1940; Szymanski et al., 2024) Brachiopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Szymanski et al., 2024) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Szymanski et al., 2024) Foraminifera Fusulinida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Szymanski et al., 2024) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Langford et al., 2007) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Szymanski et al., 2024) Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Szymanski et al., 2024) Lower Cutler Group, Late Pennsylvanian–Early Permian (CANY) Brachiopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Baker, 1933; McKnight, 1940) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in McKnight, 1940) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Baker, 1933; McKnight, 1940) Foraminifera Fusulinida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Billingsley et al., 2002; Szymanski et al., 2024) Mollusca Scaphopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in McKnight, 1940) Actinopterygii Palaeonisciformes Palaeoniscidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sumida et al., 1999a) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Webb et al., 2004) Cedar Mesa Sandstone, Early Permian (CANY) Brachiopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Langford et al., 2007) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Langford et al., 2007) Echinodermata? Scolicia isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Langford et al., 2007) A-17 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Chondrichthyes Ctenacanthiformes Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Osteichthyes Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Tetrapoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023; Huttenlocker, University of Southern California, written communication) cf. Ichniotherium isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Organ Rock Formation, Early Permian (CANY) Plantae Rhizoliths (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) White Rim Sandstone, Early Permian (CANY) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Steele-Mallory, 1982; Steele, 1987) Sinbad Member, Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (CANY) Brachiopoda Lingula sp. (in McKnight, 1940) Mollusca Cephalopoda Ammonoidea ?Meekoceras sp. (in McKnight, 1940) Bivalvia Monotis sp. (in McKnight, 1940) Gastropoda Viviparoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in McKnight, 1940) Family incertae sedis Gen. et sp. indet. (in Lucas et al., 1993) Torrey Member, Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (CANY) Arthropoda Xiphosura cf. Kouphichnium isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Actinopteriygii Undichna isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Tetrapoda Temnospondyli “Chirotheriid-type” swim tracks (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Reptilia Procolophonichnium isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Archosauromorpha Synaptichnium isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Rotodactylus isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) A-18 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Kane Springs beds, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (CANY) Arthropoda Camborygma isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Bivalvia Unionidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Chondrichthyes Hyobodontiformes Reticulodus sp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2021) Actinopterygii Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Amphibia Metoposauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Pseudosuchia Aetosauria cf. Stagonolepis sp. (in Heckert et al., 1999) cf. Typothorax sp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Dinosauria Theropoda Grallator isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Church Rock Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (CANY) Bivalvia Unionidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Sarcopterygii Dipnoi Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Pseudosuchia Aetosauria cf. Typothorax sp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Dinosauria Theropoda Grallator isp. (in Lucas et al., 1993) Wingate Sandstone, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (CANY) Dinosauria Theropoda Grallator isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2024) A-19 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Kayenta Formation, Early Jurassic (CANY) Dinosauria Theropoda Eubrontes isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2024) Grallator isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2024) Navajo Sandstone, Early Jurassic (CANY) Stromatolites Gen. et sp. indet. (in Waiss, 2005) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Wilkens, 2008) Chordata Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hasiotis et al., 2007) Dinosauria Theropoda Eubrontes isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2024) Kayentapus isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2024) Sauropodomorpha Otozoum isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2024) Quaternary Sediments (CANY) Plantae Gymnospermae Cupressaceae Juniperus communis (in Coats et al., 2008) Juniperus osteosperma (in Coats et al., 2008) Juniperus scopulorum (in Coats et al., 2008) Juniperus sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Pinopsida Picea pungens (in Coats et al., 2008) Picea sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Pinus edulis (in Coats et al., 2008) Pinus edulis var. fallax (in Coats et al., 2008) Pinus flexilis (in Coats et al., 2008) Pinus sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Pseudotsuga menziesii (in Coats et al., 2008) Ephedraceae Ephedra torreyana (in Coats et al., 2008) Ephedra sp. (in Reheisa et al., 2005; Coats et al., 2008) Angiospermae Asteraceae Ambrosia acanthicarpa (in Coats et al., 2008) Artemisia sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Chrysothamnus sp. (in Coats et al., 2008) Cirsium vulgare (in Coats et al., 2008) Gutierrezia sarothrae (in Coats et al., 2008) Hilaria jamesii (in Coats et al., 2008) A-20 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Low-spine Asteraceae pollen (in Reheis et al., 2005) Fabaceae Astragalus sp. (in Coats et al., 2008) Berberidaceae Berberis fremontii (in Coats et al., 2008) Cannabaceae Celtis reticulata (in Coats et al., 2008) Rosaceae Cercocarpus intricatus (in Coats et al., 2008) Coleogyne ramosissima (in Coats et al., 2008) Rosa sp. (in Coats et al., 2008) Amaranthaceae Corispermum villosum (in Coats et al., 2008) Krascheninnikovia lanata/Ceratoides lanata (in Coats et al., 2008) Cheno-Am pollen (in Reheis et al., 2005) Boraginaceae Cryptantha flava (in Coats et al., 2008) Lithospermum incisum (in Coats et al., 2008) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia sp. (in Coats et al., 2008) Oleaceae Fraxinus anomala (in Coats et al., 2008) Brassicaceae Lepidium montanum (in Coats et al., 2008) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Cactaceae Opuntia sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005; Coats et al., 2008) Poaceae Oryzopsis hymenoides (in Coats et al., 2008) Stipa comata (in Coats et al., 2008) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Plantaginaceae Penstemon sp. (in Coats et al., 2008) Fagaceae Quercus gambelii (in Coats et al., 2008) Rhamnaceae Frangula betulifolia (formerly Rhamnus betulifolia) (in Coats et al., 2008) Anacardiaceae Rhus trilobata (in Coats et al., 2008) Sarcobataceae Sarcobatus sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Elaeagnaceae Shepherdia rotundifolia (in Coats et al., 2008) Malvaceae Sphaeralcea sp. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Capriofoliaceae Symphoricarpos sp. (in Coats et al., 2008) Asparagaceae A-21 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Yucca angustissima (in Coats et al., 2008) Tubuliflorae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Reheis et al., 2005) Mollusca Bivalvia Pisidium casertanum (in Nittmann, 1993) Pisidium nitidum (in Nittmann, 1993) Pisidium walkeri (in Nittmann, 1993) Gastropoda Discus cronkhitei (in Nittmann, 1993) Euconulus fulvus (in Nittmann, 1993) Galba dalli (formerly Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) dalli) (in Nittmann, 1993) Galba sp. (formerly Fossaria) (in Nittmann, 1993) Gyraulus circumstriatus (in Nittmann, 1993) Hawaiia miniscula (in Nittmann, 1993) Oreohelix sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Oxyloma sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Pupilla muscorum (in Nittmann, 1993) Vallonia cyclophorella (in Nittmann, 1993) Vallonia gracilicosta (in Nittmann, 1993) Vertigo sp.? (in Nittmann, 1993) Zonitoides arboreus (in Nittmann, 1993) Succineidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Nittmann, 1993) Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Amara sp. (in Elias et al., 1992) Eleodes spp. (in Elias et al., 1992) Niptus sp. (in Elias et al., 1992) Pachybrachis sp. (in Elias et al., 1992) Chrysomelidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Dermestidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Elateridae gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Scarabaeidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Tenebrionidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Hymenoptera Formica sp. (in Elias et al., 1992) Lepidoptera Gen. et sp. indet. (in Elias et al., 1992) Amphibia Anura Spea hammondii (formerly Scaphiopus hammondii) (in CANY museum records) Squamata Iguania cf. Sceloporus sp. (in CANY museum records) Phrynosomatidae gen. et sp. indet. (in CANY museum records) Aves A-22 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in CANY museum records) Mammalia Rodentia Dipodomys sp. (in CANY museum records) Neotoma cinerea (in CANY museum records) Neotoma sp. (in CANY museum records) Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Peromyscus sp. (in CANY museum records) Microtinae gen. et sp. indet. (in CANY museum records) Muridae gen. et sp. indet. (in CANY museum records) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Tweet et al., 2012d) Proboscidea Mammuthus sp. (in Tweet et al., 2012d; CANY museum records) Capitol Reef National Park (CARE) Torrey Member, Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (CARE) Plantae Equisetales Gen. et sp. indet. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Annelida Arenicolites isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Arthropoda Diplichnites isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Fuersichnus isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Koupichnium isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Palaeophycus isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Actinopterygii Undichna isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Tetrapoda Characichnos isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Reptilia Lepidosauromorpha Rhynchosauroides isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Archosauromorpha Rotodactylus isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Pseudosuchia Chirotherium isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006a) Shinarump Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (CARE) Plantae Tracheophyta Bennettitales Zamites powellii (in Berry, 1927; Ash, 1975b) Pinopsida A-23 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Araucarioxylon sp. (in Ash, 1975a) Pagiophyllum sp. (in Ash, 1975a) Polypodiopsida Cladophlebis sp. (in Ash, 1975a) Cynepteris sp. (in Ash, 1975a) Equisetites sp. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Phlebopteris sp. (in Ash, 1975a) Arthropoda Camborygma isp. (in Hasiotis and Mitchell, 1993) Monitor Butte Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (CARE) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Bennettitales Laurozamites sp. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Polypodiopsida Equisetites sp. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Temnospondyli Metoposauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Pseudosuchia Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (CARE) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Bivalvia Unionidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Temnospondyli Metoposauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Pseudosuchia Aetosauria cf. Typothorax sp. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Owl Rock Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (CARE) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Sanmiguelia sp. (in Ash, 1982) Sarcopterygii Dipnoi Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Pseudosuchia Aetosauria A-24 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Navajo Sandstone, Early Jurassic (CARE) Stromatolites (in Eisenberg, 2003; Santucci and Kirkland, 2010) Winsor Member, Carmel Formation, Middle Jurassic (CARE) Echinodermata Crinoidea Isocrinus sp. (in Tweet et al., 2012e) Tidwell Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (CARE) Stromatolites (in Kirkland et al., 2020a) Reptilia Dinosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2020a) Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (CARE) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2014a) Dinosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2020a) Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (CARE) Dinosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2020a) Cedar Mountain Formation, Early Cretaceous (CARE) Dinosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2020a) Naturita Formation (Dakota Formation in older references), Late Cretaceous (CARE) Mollusca Bivalvia cf. Exogyra sp. (in Santucci and Kirkland, 2010a) Tununk Shale, Mancos Group, Late Cretaceous (CARE) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Cephalopoda Ammonoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Mollusca Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Chondrichthyes A-25 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Blue Gate Shale, Mancos Group, Late Cretaceous (CARE) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Cephalopoda Ammonoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Chondrichthyes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cobban, U.S. Geological Survey, written communication) Quaternary Sediments (CARE) Plantae Rhizoliths (in Oviatt, 1988) Polypodiophyta Equisetales Equisetum sp. (in Nittmann, 1993) Gymnospermae Cupressaceae Juniperus osteosperma (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) Juniperus scopulorum (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Juniperus sp. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) Pinaceae Abies sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Picea sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Pinus edulis (in Cole et al., 1997) Pinus flexilis (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Pinus sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Pinus spp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Pseudotsuga menziesii (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Pseudotsuga sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Ephedraceae Ephedra sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Ephedra spp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Angiospermae Amaranthaceae Amaranthus sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) cf. Amaranthus sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Atriplex spp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Krascheninnikovia lanata/Ceratoides lanata (in Cole et al., 1997) Cheno-Am (in Cole and Murray, 1999) “Chenopodiaceae” gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole et al., 1997) Asteraceae Ambrosia sp. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) A-26 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Artemisia sect. Tridentatae (in Cole et al., 1997) Artemisia sp. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) Heterotheca sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Fabaceae cf. Amorpha sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Rhamnaceae Ceanothus sp./Rhamnus sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Rosaceae Cercocarpus intricatus (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Cercocarpus sp. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) Cowania mexicana (in Cole et al., 1997) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole et al., 1997) Cleomaceae cf. Cleome sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Boraginaceae Cryptantha spp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Phacelia sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Oleaceae Fraxinus sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) cf. Fraxinus anomala (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Poaceae Hilaria sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Oryzopsis sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Sporobolus spp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Stipa hymenoides (in Cole et al., 1997) Stipa sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Juglandaceae Juglans sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Brassicaceae Lepidium densiflorum (in Cole et al., 1997) Cactaceae Opuntia polyacantha (in Cole et al., 1997) Opuntia sp. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray 1999) Pediocactus sp./Echinocereus sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Betulaceae Ostrya knowltoni (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Salicaceae Populus sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Salix sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Fagaceae Quercus sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Adoxaceae Sambucus sp. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Sarcobataceae Sarcobatus sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) A-27 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Elaeagnaceae Shepherdia rotundifolia (in Cole et al., 1997) Malvaceae Sphaeralcea coccinea (in Cole et al., 1997) Sphaeralcea sp. (in Cole et al., 1997) Asparagaceae Yucca angustissima (in Cole et al., 1997) Yucca cf. Y. angustissima (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Compositae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) Cruciferae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Gramineae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray, 1999) Labiatae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Leguminosae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Onagraceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole et al., 1997) Polygonaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Cole and Murray, 1999) Mammalia Rodentia Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Other Undetermined fungal spores (in Cole et al., 1997; Cole and Murray 1999) Cedar Breaks National Monument (CEBR) Pink Member, Claron Formation, Paleogene (CEBR) Plantae Angiospermae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gregory, 1950) Insecta Hymenoptera Celliforma spirifer (in Gregory, 1950) Mollusca Gastropoda Bulinus sp. (in Gregory, 1950) Glyptostoma spatiosum (formerly Helix spatiosa) (in Gregory, 1950) Biomphalaria utahensis (formerly Planorbis utahensis) (in Gregory, 1950) Quaternary Sediments (CEBR) Chlorophyta Pediastrum sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Plantae A-28 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gymnospermae Ephedraceae Ephedra sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa (in Anderson et al., 1999) Abies sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Picea engelmannii (in Anderson et al., 1999) Picea sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Pinus sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Pinus (Strobus) sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Pinus (Pinus) sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Cupressaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Angiospermae Fagaceae Quercus sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Asteraceae Artemisia sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Ambrosia sp. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Poaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Cyperaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Anderson et al., 1999) Mollusca Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1993) Dinosaur National Monument (DINO) Lodore Formation, Middle Cambrian (DINO) Invertebrate traces Bergaueria isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Diplocraterion isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Monocraterion isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Rusophycus isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Cruziana isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Arenicolites isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) cf. Palaeophycus isp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Skolithos isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Teichichnus isp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Brachiopoda Billingsellida Billingsella-like shells (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Obolidae Dicellomus sp.? (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Westonia sp. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) cf. Westonia ella (in Myrow et al., 2023a) A-29 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. aff. Lingulepis (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Arthropoda Trilobita Elrathiella decora? (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Elrathiella cf. E. domensa (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Elrathiella cf. E. rectangularia (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Elrathiella sp. nov. 1 (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Elrathiella sp. nov. 2 (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Hyolitha Hyolithes sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Incertae sedis Hyolithes-like form “having heavy concentric rings resembles Tentaculites” (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Parting Formation, Late Devonian (DINO) “Bioturbation” (in Myrow et al., 2023a) Madison Limestone, Early–Middle Mississippian (DINO) Anthozoa Rugosa cf. Lithostrotion sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) cf. Neozaphrentis sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Tabulata cf. Favosites sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Syringopora surcularia (in Mayer, 1964) cf. Syringopora sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Brachiopoda cf. Schuchertella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Bryozoa Fenestella cf. F. rudis (in Mayer, 1964) Fenestella cf. F. serratula (in Mayer, 1964) Mollusca Gastropoda cf. Euomphalus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Arthropoda Trilobita Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949a) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954 [as Deseret Limestone]) Humbug Formation, Middle Mississippian (DINO) Anthozoa Rugosa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Echinodermata Crinoidea A-30 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Doughnut Formation, Middle–Late Mississippian (DINO) Plantae Polypodiopsida Calamites sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Lepidodendron sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Arthropoda Ostracoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Foraminifera Tolypammina sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Round Valley Limestone, Early Pennsylvanian (DINO) (Belden Formation of Thompson, 1945; Morrow or lower member of the Morgan Limestone of Untermann and Unter- mann, 1949b, 1954 [beds 69 to 104 in 1949b, per thickness in 1954]) Algae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Davis, 2010) Asphaltina sp. (in Davis, 2010) Stacheoides sp. (in Davis, 2010) Anthozoa Rugosa “‘Zaphrentoid’ cup corals of the Ratiphyllum type” (typo for unknown genus) (in Untermann and Unter- mann, 1949b, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Davis, 2010) Bryozoa Rhomboporoid forms (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Stenoporoid forms (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b; Davis, 2010) Brachiopoda Composita subtilita (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Composita cf. C. subtilita (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Dictyoclostus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Echinoconchus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Marginifera haydenensis? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Neospirifer cf. N. cameratus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Neospirifer sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Spirifer occidentalis (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Spirifer rockymontanus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Spirifer cf. S. rockymontanus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Spirifer sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b; Davis, 2010) Productida undetermined (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in Davis, 2010) A-31 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b; Davis, 2010) Arthropoda Ostracoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Davis, 2010) Trilobita Gen. et sp. indet. (in Davis, 2010) Echinodermata Undetermined ossicles (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Echinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b; Davis, 2010) Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Davis, 2010) Foraminifera Climacammina sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Endothyra sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954; Davis, 2010) Endothyra sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Eostaffella sp. (in Davis, 2010) Millerella circuli* (in Thompson, 1945) Millerella cf. M. marblensis (in Thompson, 1945) Millerella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Millerella sp. (evolute) (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Millerella sp. indet. (in Thompson, 1945) Paleonubecularia sp. (in Davis, 2010) Planoendothyra sp. (in Davis, 2010) Pseudoglomospira sp. (in Davis, 2010) Trepeilopsis sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Trepeilopsis sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) “Calcitornellids” (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) “Tolypamminids” (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Morgan Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian (DINO) Taxa from White, 1876 (“Lower Aubrey Group”) are placed here based on Sando (1965) attributing the type material of Amplexus zaphrentiformis to the Morgan Formation, but it is possible that some pertain to the Round Valley Limestone. Tubular burrows (in Fryberger, 1979) Algae “Peculiar form” (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Gen. et sp. indet.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Porifera Chaetetes milleporaceus (in White, 1876) Chaetetes milleporaceus? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Chaetetes cf. C. milleporaceus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (spicules) (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Anthozoa Rugosa Amplexus zaphrentiformis* (in White, 1876; Barytichisma zaphrentiforme of Sando, 1965) Tabulata A-32 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Acervularia sp.? (in White, 1876) Bryozoa Archimedes sp.? (in White, 1876) Fenestella sp.? (in White, 1876) Prismopora sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Rhombopora-like form (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Stenopora-like form (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Brachiopoda Chonetes platynota (in White, 1876) Composita subtilita (in White, 1876, as Spirigera; Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Composita subtilita? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Composita cf. C. elongata (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Composita cf. C. ovata (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Composita cf. C. subtilita (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Dictyoclostus coloradoensis (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Dictyoclostus cf. D. coloradoensis (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Dictyoclostus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Dictyoclostus sp. (small) (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Dielasma boyoidens? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Echinoconchus semipunctatus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Echinoconchus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Hemipronites crinistria (in White, 1876) Hystriculina aff. H. wabashensis (in Sando, 1965) Inflatia sp.? (in Sando, 1965) Juresania sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Linoproductus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Linoproductus sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Neospirifer dunbari (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Neospirifer cf. N. cameratus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Neospirifer cf. N. dunbari (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Productus costatus? (in White, 1876) Productus costatus var. (in White, 1876) Productus longispinus? (in White, 1876) Productus muricatus? (in White, 1876) Spirifer rockymontanus (in White, 1876; Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Spirifer rockymontanus? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Spirifer cf. S. occidentalis (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Spirifer cf. S. rockymontanus (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Arthropoda Ostracoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Trilobita ?Phillipsia sp. (in White, 1876) Echinodermata Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Crinoidea A-33 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Echinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Conodonta Adetognathus sp. (in Broadhead and Driese, 1994) Hindeodus sp. (in Broadhead and Driese, 1994) Idiognathus sp. (in Broadhead and Driese, 1994) ?Idiognathus sp. (in Broadhead and Driese, 1994) ?Idioprionodus sp. (in Broadhead and Driese, 1994) Foraminifera Ammodiscus sp. or Cornuspira sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Bradyina sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Calcitornella-like form (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Climacammina spp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Deckerella goessi? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Endothyra sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Endothyra sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Eoschubertella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Eoschubertella or Fusulinella (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Fusulina curta? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Fusulina pristina? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Fusulina aff. F. leeri (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Fusulina aff. F. rockymontana (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Fusulina sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Fusulinella gephyraea (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Fusulinella cf. F. haywardi (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Fusulinella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Fusulinella sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Millerella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Ozawainella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Pseudostaffella sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Pseudostaffella sp.? (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Spiroplectammina sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Tetrataxis sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Wedekindellina euthysepta (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Wedekindellina matura (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Wedekindellina perforata (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Wedekindellina aff. W. magna (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Wedekindellina sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b, 1954) Wedekindellina? sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Wedekindellina sp. or possibly Fusulina sp., minute (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) “Calcitornellids” (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Fusulinida (minute form) (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Textulariidae gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949b) Weber Sandstone, Middle Pennsylvanian–Early Permian (DINO) Root traces or invertebrate burrows (in Driese, 1985) Tubular burrows (in Bissell, 1964) A-34 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Algae ?Gen. et sp. indet. (in Bissell, 1964) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Bissell, 1964; Chure et al., 2014) Arthropoda ?Diplichnites isp. (in Chure et al., 2014) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Bissell, 1964; Chure et al., 2014) Reptilia Captorhinomorpha? ?Varanopus isp. (in Chure et al., 2014) Foraminifera Fusulinida Schwagerina sp. (in Bissell, 1964) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Chure et al., 2014) Park City Formation, Permian (DINO) Spindle-shaped borings in shells (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Bryozoa Fenestrate bryozoans (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Small ramose bryozoans (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Brachiopoda Beecheria cf. B. bovidens (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Composita sp. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Spiriferina cf. S. pulchra (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Mollusca Bivalvia Aviculopecten sp. indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Myalina (Myalinella) cf. M. (M.) meeki (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Nuculana (Leda) cf. N. bellistriata (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) ?Permophorus sp. indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Polidevcia sp. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Schizodus sp. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Yoldia cf. Y. mcchespeyana (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) ?Parallelodont bivalve, indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Cephalopoda Ammonoidea cf. Pseudogastrioceras sp. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Nautiloidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Gastropoda Naticopsis (Naticopsis) sp. indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Bellerophontoidea indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) Bellerophontid similar to Bucanopsis sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Murchisoniidae indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) ?Pleurotomariacea indet. (in Schell and Yochelson, 1966) A-35 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Scaphopoda Plagioglypta canna (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (DINO) Archosauria Synaptichnium isp. (in Thomson et al., 2014) Archosauriformes cf. Protochirotherium isp. (in Thomson et al., 2014) Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (DINO) Plantae Petrified wood (in Untermann and Untermann, 1949a, 1954; Erickson, 2007) Root traces (in Erickson, 2007) Invertebrata Invertebrate burrows (in Erickson, 2007) Arthropoda (traces) Acripes isp. (in Hartung et al., 2021) Isopodichnus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a; Hartung et al., 2021) Kouphichnium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Scoyenia gracilis (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Crayfish burrows (in Erickson, 2007) Lepidosauromorpha Rhynchosauroides isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Tanystropheidae Gwynnedichnium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Dinosauria Theropoda “Agialopus isp.” (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Sauropodomorpha Pseudotetrasauropus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Pseudosuchia ?Chirotherium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Brachychirotherium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Phytosauria ?Apatopus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1992a) Nugget Sandstone, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (DINO) Plantae Sphenophyta Gen. et sp. indet. (in Good, 2013) Arthropoda (traces) Octopodichnus isp. (in Good and Ekdale, 2014) Paleohelcura isp. (in Good and Ekdale, 2014) Taenidium isp. (in Good and Ekdale, 2014) Osteichthyes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hunt et al., 1993) Mammaliamorpha A-36 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Brasilichnium isp. (in Engelmann et al., 2010; Good and Ekdale, 2014) Dinosauria Sauropodomorpha Otozoum isp. (in Lockley, 2011) Theropoda Grallator isp. (in Lockley, 2011) Pseudosuchia Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Stewart et al., 1972a; Hunt et al., 1993) Carmel Formation, Middle Jurassic (DINO) Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (D.A. Sprinkel, Utah Geological Survey [retired], written communication, 2012) Reptilia Gen. et sp. indet. (D.A. Sprinkel, Utah Geological Survey [retired], written communication, 2012) Salt Wash Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (DINO) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. Dinosauria Theropoda Allosaurus jimmadseni* (in Chure and Loewen, 2020) Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (DINO) Algae Charophyta Characeae Aclistochara bransoni (in Schudak et al., 1998) Aclistochara latisulcata (in Schudak et al., 1998) Alistochara madleri (in Schudak et al., 1998) Aclistochara miniscula? (in Schudak et al., 1998) Aclistochara obovata (in Schudak et al., 1998) Latochara latitruncata (in Schudak et al., 1998) Latochara sp. (in Schudak et al., 1998) Peckisphaera verticillata (in Schudak et al., 1998) Porochara arguta (in Schudak et al., 1998) Porochara kimmeridgensis (in Schudak et al., 1998) Clavatoraceae Echinochara sp. (in Schudak et al., 1998) Plantae Polypodiophyta Equisetales Equisetum sp. (in Schudak et al., 1998) Pteridophyta Umkomasiaceae Pteruchipollenites microsaccus (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) Osmundaceae Todisporites minor (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) A-37 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Bennettitales Family incertae sedis Gen. et sp. indet. (in Ash, 1994) Pinophyta Araucariaceae Callialasporites trilobatus (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) Callialasporites cf. C. rugularus (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) Podocarpaceae Microcachrydites antarcticus (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) Parvisaccites sp. (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) Rugubivesiculites sp. (in Ash, 1994; Litwin et al., 1998) Ginkgophyta Czekanowskiaceae Czekanowskia sp. (in Ash, 1994) Mollusca Bivalvia Unionidae Vetulonaia sp. (in Carpenter, 2013) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Good, 2004) Arthropoda Ostracoda Cyprididae Candona sp. (in Schudak et al., 1998) Limnocytheridae Bisulcocypris pahasapensis (in Schudak et al., 1998) Helmdachia petersoni (in Schudak et al., 1998) Family incertae sedis Cetacella sp. (in Schudak et al., 1998) Spinicaudata Cyzicidae Lioestheria sp. (in Lucas and Kirkland, 1998) Actinopterygii Amiiformes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Foster, 2003) Sarcopterygii Dipnoi Ceratodus sp. (in Foster, 2003) Amphibia Anura Alytidae Enneabatrachus sp. (in Foster, 2003) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Foster, 2003) Family incertae sedis Rhadinosteus parvus* (in Henrici, 1998) Caudata Iridotriton hechti* (in Evans et al., 2005) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Foster, 2003) Reptilia A-38 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Choristodera Cteniogenys sp. (in Foster, 2003) Rhynchocephalia Opisthodontia Opisthias sp. (in Foster, 2003) Theretairus sp. (in Foster, 2003) Crocodylomorpha Goniopholidae Goniopholis sp. (in Foster, 2003) Eutretauranosuchus sp. (in Foster, 2003) Protosuchidae Hoplosuchus kayi* (in Gilmore, 1926) Dinosauria Saurischia Theropoda Allosaurus cf. fragilis (in Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013) Ceratosaurus sp. (in Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013) Koparion douglassi* (in Chure, 1994) Marshosaurus (in Foster, 2003) Torvosaurus cf. tanneri (in Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013) Sauropoda Apatosaurus louisae* (in Holland, 1916) Athenar bermani* (in Whitlock et al., 2025) Barosaurus lentus (in Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013) Camarasaurus lentus (in Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013) Diplodocus sp. (in Foster, 2003; Carpenter, 2013) Ornithischia Camptosaurus aphanoectes* (in Carpenter and Wilson, 2008) Dryosaurus elderae* (in Carpenter and Galton, 2018) Stegosaurus sp. (in Carpenter, 2013 Squamata Eoscincus ornatus* (in Brownstein et al., 2022) Helioscopus dickersonae* (in Meyer et al., 2023) Schillerosaurus utahensis* (in Nydam et al., 2013; formerly Schillera utahensis, in Evans and Chure, 1999) Serpentes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Foster, 2003) Testudines Dinochelys whitei* (in Gaffney, 1979) Glyptops utahensis* (in Gilmore, 1916) Mammaliaformes Docodon sp. (in Foster, 2003) Mammalia Dryolestida Dryolestes sp. (in Foster, 2003) Euthlastus sp. (in Foster, 2003) Eutriconodonta Priacodon sp. (in Foster, 2003) Triconolestes sp. (in Foster, 2003) A-39 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Multituberculata Glirodon grandis* (in Engelmann and Callison, 1999) Family incertae sedis Gen. et sp. indet. (in Foster, 2003) Cedar Mountain Formation, Early Cretaceous (DINO) Arthropoda Ostracoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kosmidis et al., 2002) Mollusca Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kosmidis et al., 2002) Dinosauria Theropoda Deinonychosauria Gen. et sp. nov. (in Britt et al., 2021) Sauropoda Abydosaurus mcintoshi* (in Chure et al., 2010) Mowry Shale, Late Cretaceous (DINO) Plantae Angiospermae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Stewart et al., 1994) Mollusca Cephalopoda Ammonoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Chondrichthyes Haimirchia amonensis (in Hansen et al., 1983) Actinopterygii Aulopiformes Enchodontidae Enchodus sp. (in Stewart et al., 1994) Alepisauroidei Gen. et sp. indet. (in Stewart et al., 1994) Ichthyodectiformes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Stewart et al., 1994) Sphenocephaliformes Sphenocephalidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Stewart et al., 1994) Reptilia Plesiosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Stewart et al., 1994) Crocodylomorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hansen et al., 1983; Stewart et al., 1994) Frontier Formation, Late Cretaceous (DINO) Plantae A-40 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Unidentified leaves (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Petrified wood (in Gregson et al., 2024) Gymnospermae Pinopsida Brachyphyllum sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Invertebrata Invertebrate burrows (in Gregson et al., 1954) Mollusca Ammonoidea Prionotropis sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Scaphites sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gregson et al., 2024) Bivalvia Inoceramus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gregson et al., 2024) Gastropoda Viviparus sp. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Gregson et al., 2024) Chondrichthyes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Untermann and Untermann, 1954; Gregson et al., 2024) Quaternary Sediments (DINO) Plantae Gymnospermae Cupressaceae Juniperus communis (in Sharpe, 1991) Juniperus osteosperma (in Sharpe, 1991) Juniperus scopulorum (in Sharpe, 1991) Juniperus cf. J. scopulorum (in Sharpe, 1991) Juniperus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Pinaceae Picea pungens (in Sharpe, 1991) Pinus flexilis (in Sharpe, 1991) Pseudotsuga menziesii (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Angiospermae Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana (in Sharpe, 1991) Artemisia tridentata (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Aster sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Cirsium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gutierrezia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Helianthus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Amaranthaceae Atriplex confertifolia (in Sharpe, 1991) Chenopodium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Rhamnaceae A-41 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Ceanothus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Rhamnus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Rosaceae Cercocarpus intricatus (in Sharpe, 1991) Rosa sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Cactaceae cf. Echinocereus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Mammillaria sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Opuntia polyacantha (in Sharpe, 1991) Opuntia sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) cf. Pediocactus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Brassicaceae Lepidium sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Boraginaceae Amsinckia sp./Cryptantha sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Lithospermum sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Anacardiaceae Rhus sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Poaceae Stipa hymenoides (in Sharpe, 1991) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Fabaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Sharpe, 1991) Mammalia Rodentia Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Neotoma sp. (in Sharpe, 1991) Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) Paradox Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian (GLCA) Brachiopoda Derbyia cf. D. crassa (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Mesolobus mesolobus (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Chonetina flemingi (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Hustedia mormoni (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Neospirifer cf. cameratus (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Neospirifer cf. N. kansasensis (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Enteletes sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Nubeculara sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Antiguatonia hermosanus (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Composita subtilita (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Bryozoa A-42 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Fenestella sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Rhombotrypella sp. (formerly Rhomboporella) (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Echinodermata Crinoidea Chlorophyta Dasycladales Diploporaceae Diplopora sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Girvanella sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Foraminifera Fusulinida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Nail, 1996) Ozawainellidae Ozawaniella sp.? (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Schubertellidae Schubertella sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Triticitidae Triticites sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Triticites sp. aff. T. confertus (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Triticites kellyensis? (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Endothyrida Bradyinidae Bradyina sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Endothyridae Endothyra or Endothyranella (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Globivalvulinidae Globivalvulina sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Palaeotextulariidae Climacammina sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Osagia sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Miliolida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Calcivertellidae Treipeilopsis sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Treipeilopsis sp.? (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Glomospiroididae Plummerinella sp. (in Lewis and Campbell, 1965) Rhizoliths (in Williams, 2009) Honaker Trail Formation, Late Pennsylvanian (GLCA) Anthozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Ritter et al., 2002) Brachiopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Doelling, 1975; Ritter et al., 2002) “Compositids” (in Doelling, 1975) A-43 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 “Productids” (in Doelling, 1975) “Rhynchonellids” (in Doelling, 1975) “Spirifers” (in Doelling, 1975) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Ritter et al., 2002) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Doelling, 1975; Ritter et al., 2002) Echinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Doelling, 1975) Foraminifera Fusulinida Gen. et sp. indet. (in Doelling, 1975; Ritter et al., 2002) Mollusca Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Ritter et al., 2002) Stromatolites Gen. et sp. indet. (in Ritter et al., 2002) Lower Cutler Group, Late Pennsylvanian–Early Permian (GLCA) Brachiopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in O’Sullivan, 1965) Mollusca Gastropoda cf. Psammichnites isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Amphibia Temnospondyli Platyhystrix sp. (in Sumida et al., 1999b) Cedar Mesa Sandstone, Early Permian (GLCA) Synapsida “cf. Anomalopus isp.” (in Lockley and Madsen, 1993; Lockley et al., 1998) Stenichnus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998) Upper Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (GLCA) Arthropoda Xiphosura cf. Kouphichnium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998) Sarcopterygii Coelacanthiformes Gen. et sp. indet. (in Finell et al., 1963) Amphibia Temnospondyli Parotosuchus sp. (in Welles, 1967; Morales 1983, 2005) Reptilia Chirotheriid-type swim tracks (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Lepidosauromorpha Rhynchosauroides isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998) A-44 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Shinarump Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (GLCA) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2010) Bennettitales cf. Zamites (in Milner et al., 2024) Equisetales cf. Neocalamites sp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Arthropoda (trace) Scoyenia isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Mollusca (trace) Oravaichnium isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Reptilia Tanystropheidae cf. Gwynnedichnium isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Owl Rock/Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (GLCA) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Milner et al., 2024) Church Rock Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (GLCA) Actinopterygii Redfieldiformes Redfieldiidae Lasalichthys stewarti (in Milner et al., 2024) Lasalichthys sp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Milner et al., 2024) Semionotiformes Semionotidae Lophionotus sanjuanensis (in Milner et al., 2024) Lophionotus sp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Semionotidae indet. (in Milner et al., 2024) Sarcopterygii Coelacanthiformes Mawsoniidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Milner et al., 2024) Amphibia Temnospondyli Metoposauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Kirkland et al., 2010) Archosauromorpha Dinosauromorpha Atreipus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998) Dinosauria Saurischia Theropoda Grallator isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998) Pseudosuchia A-45 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Aetosauria cf. Typothorax sp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2023) Brachychirotherium isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in Milner et al., 2024) Crocodylomorpha Batrachopus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Lepidosauromorpha Rhynchosauroides isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Wingate Sandstone, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (GLCA) Cyanobacteria Stromatolites (in Lockley et al., 1998) Archosauromorpha Dinosauria Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Evazoum gatewayensis (in Milner et al., 2024) Theropoda Eubrontes isp. (in Wood et al., 2021; Milner et al., 2024) Grallator isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998) Kayentapus isp. (in Wood et al., 2021; Milner et al., 2024) Crocodylomorpha Batrachopus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Aetosauria Brachychirotherium isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Kayenta Formation, Early Jurassic (GLCA) Invertebrate traces Palaeophycus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Skolithos isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Actinopterygii Undichna isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Synapsida Mammaliamorpha cf. Kayentatherium sp. (in Milner et al., 2023a, 2024) cf. Ameghinichnus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) cf. Brasilichnium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Indet. tracks (in Milner et al., 2024) Archosauromorpha Dinosauria Saurischia Sauropodomorpha cf. Otozoum isp. (in Kirkland et al., 2010; Lockley et al., 2014b) Theropoda Characichnos tridactylus (in Lockley et al., 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Characichnos isp. (in Lockley et al., 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Eubrontes isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) A-46 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Grallator isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) cf. Kayentapus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Ornithischia Anomoepus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Moyenisauropus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Crocodylomorpha Batrachopus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Lepidosauromorpha cf. Rhynchosauroides isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Navajo Sandstone, Early Jurassic (GLCA) Arthropoda (traces) cf. Octopodichnus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Palaeophycus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) ?Paleohelcura isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Taenidium cf. barretti (in Milner et al., 2023b, 2024) Mollusca Bivalvia Unionidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Lockley et al., 2014b) Archosauromorpha Dinosauria Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Otozoum isp. (in Kirkland et al., 2010; Lockley et al., 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Navahopus isp. (in Milner et al., 2024) Theropoda Eubrontes isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Grallator isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2023b, 2024) Kayentapus isp. (in Milner et al., 2023b, 2024) Ornithischia Anomoepus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Moyenisauropus isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Crocodylomorpha Batrachopus isp. (in Milner et al., 2023b, 2024) Synapsida Mammaliamorpha cf. Kayentatherium sp. (in Milner et al., 2023a, 2024) Brasilichnium isp. (in Lockley et al., 1998, 2014b; Milner et al., 2024) Indet. tracks (in Milner et al., 2024) Temple Cap Sandstone, Middle Jurassic (GLCA) Plantae Petrified wood (in National Park Service, 1999 [= Page Sandstone of reference]) Entrada Sandstone, Middle Jurassic (GLCA) Archosauromorpha Dinosauria A-47 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Saurischia Theropoda Unidentified theropod tracks previously attributed to the Navajo Sandstone (in Lockley et al., 2005) Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic (GLCA) Arthropoda (traces) Termite nests (in Engelmann, 1999) Archosauromorpha Dinosauria Dinosauria indet. (in Anderson et al., 2000) Saurischia Sauropoda Unidentified sauropod track with skin impressions (in Lockley and Hunt, 1995) Naturita Formation (Dakota Formation in older references), Late Cretaceous (GLCA) Plantae Undetermined material (wood tissue, resin blebs) (in Peterson, 1969) Chlorophyta Botryococcus sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Polypodiopsida Anemia sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Appendicisporites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Cicatricosisporites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Gleichenia sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Gleicheniidites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Other fern spores (in Peterson, 1969) Gymnospermae Pinopsida Conifer pollen (in Peterson, 1969) Angiospermae Monosulcites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Retitricolpites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Tricolpopollenites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Other monosulcate and tricolpate pollen (in Peterson, 1969) Mollusca Cephalopoda Ammonoidea Metoicoceras defordi (in Peterson, 1969) Metoicoceras cf. M. whitei (in Peterson, 1969) Bivalvia Brachiodontes multilinigera (in Peterson, 1969) Brachiodontes sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Callistina sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Cardium sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Corbicula sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Corbula sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Exogyra levis (in Peterson, 1969) A-48 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Exogyra olisiponensis (in Peterson, 1969) Ostrea sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Phelopteria sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Pinna petrina (in Peterson, 1969) Plicatula sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Gastropoda Gyrodes sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Testudines Gen. et sp. indet. (in Peterson, 1969) Tropic Shale, Late Cretaceous (GLCA) Anthozoa Platycyathus sp. (in Elder, 1987) Trochocyathus sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Brachiopoda Discinisca sp. (in Elder, 1987) Mollusca Ammonoidea Allocrioceras annulatum (in Peterson, 1969) Baculites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Baculites sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Collignoniceras woollgari (in Peterson, 1969) Kanabiceras septemseriatum (in Peterson, 1969) Kanabiceras sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Mammites sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Metoicoceras whitei (in Peterson, 1969) Metoicoceras sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Neocardioceras sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Sciponoceras gracile (in Peterson, 1969) Watinoceras sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Belemnoidea Actinocamax sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Bivalvia Anomia sp. (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Astarte sp.? (in Elder, 1987) Aucinella sp. (in Elder, 1987) Botula sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Camptonectes platessa (in Peterson, 1969) Camptonectes sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Cardium cf. C. pauperculum (in Peterson, 1969) Cardium sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Corbicula sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Corbula kanabensis (in Peterson, 1969) Corbula sp. (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Corbula sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Cymbophora sp. (in Elder, 1987) Exogyra acroumbonata (in Elder, 1987) Exogyra levis (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) A-49 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Exogyra olisiponensis (in Peterson, 1969) Exogyra sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Gervillia sp. (in Elder, 1987) Gryphaea newberryi (in Peterson, 1969) Gryphaeostrea sp. (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramus flavus flavus (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramus flavus pictoides (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramus labiatus (in Peterson, 1969) Inoceramus pictus gracilistriatus (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramus pictus pictus (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramus tenuistriatus (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramus sp. (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Lima utahensis (in Peterson, 1969) Lima sp. (in Elder, 1987) Liopistha concentrica (in Elder, 1987) Liopistha elongatula (in Elder, 1987) Liopistha meeki (in Elder, 1987) Lucina subundata (in Peterson, 1969) Lucina sp. (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Mytiloides aff. M. duplicostatus (in Elder, 1987) Mytiloides aff. M. submytiloides (in Elder, 1987) Mytiloides n. sp. A (in Elder, 1987) Mytiloides opalensis (in Elder, 1987) Nemodon sp. (in Elder, 1987) Ostrea sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Phelopteria cf. P. gastrodes (in Peterson, 1969) Phelopteria sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Phelopteria sp. indet. (in Elder, 1987) Pholadomya sp. (in Elder, 1987) Plesiopinna sp. (in Elder, 1987) Plicatula sp. (in Elder, 1987) Protocardia sp. (in Elder, 1987) Pseudoptera sp. (in Elder, 1987) Psilomya concentrica (in Peterson, 1969) Psilomya meeki (in Peterson, 1969) Pycnodonte newberryi (in Elder, 1987) Solemya obscura (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Syncyclonema sp. (in Elder, 1987) Veniella mortoni (in Peterson, 1969) Yoldia? sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Arcidae indet. (in Elder, 1987) Inoceramidae indet. (in Elder, 1987) Indet. oysters (including oyster spat) (in Elder, 1987) Infaunal bivalve indet. (in Elder, 1987) “Ligumen” [typo?] (in Elder, 1987) Gastropoda Anchura sp. (in Elder, 1987) Anisomyon sp. (in Elder, 1987) A-50 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Arrhoges prolabiata (in Peterson, 1969) Cerithiopsis sp. (in Elder, 1987) Cerithium sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Cerithium sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Cylichna sp. (in Elder, 1987) Drepanochilus ruida (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Eunaticina textilis (in Elder, 1987) Euspira concinna (in Elder, 1987) Euspira sp. (in Peterson, 1969) “Mesostoma” sp. (in Elder, 1987) Perissoptera sp. (in Elder, 1987) Rostellites sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Sigaretus (Eunaticina?) textilis (in Peterson, 1969) Turritella whitei (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Turritella sp. (in Elder, 1987) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Elder, 1987) Scaphopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Elder, 1987) Annelida Hamulus sp. (in Elder, 1987) Serpula intrica (in Peterson, 1969; Elder, 1987) Serpula sp. (in Elder, 1987) Chondrichthyes Cretolamna appendiculata (in Albright et al., 2013) Oxyrhina cf. O. angustidens (in Peterson, 1969) Ptychodus whipplei (in Peterson, 1969) Ptychodus cf. P. polygyrus (in Peterson, 1969) Ptychodus sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (in Albright et al., 2013) Scapanorhynchus subulatus (in Peterson, 1969) Squalicorax curvatus (in Albright et al., 2013) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Peterson, 1969) Actinopterygii Undetermined scales (in Peterson, 1969) Ichthyodectidae Gillicus arcuatus (in Albright et al., 2013) Xiphactinus audax (in Peterson, 1969) Pycnodontoidea Pycnodontoid tooth (in Peterson, 1969) Mosasauridae Sarabosaurus dahli* (in Polcyn et al., 2023) Plesiosauria Pliosauridae Brachauchenius lucasi (in Albright et al., 2007a) Polycotylidae Eopolycotylus rankini* (in Albright et al., 2007b) Scalamagnus tropicensis* (in Clark et al., 2023b; formerly Dolichorhynchops tropicensis, in Schmeisser McKean, 2012) A-51 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Trinacromerum ?bentonianum (in Albright et al., 2007b) Gen. et sp. nov., cf. Palmulasaurus (in Schmeisser McKean and Gillette, 2021) Testudines Desmatochelys lowi (in Albright et al., 2013) Foraminifera Bulimina sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Dentalina sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Frondicularia sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Haplofragmoides sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Hedbergella cf. H. delrioensis (in Peterson, 1969) Heterohelix moremani (in Peterson, 1969) Marginulinopsis sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Planulina dakotensis (in Peterson, 1969) Proteonina difflugiformis (in Peterson, 1969) ?Ticinella aprica (in Peterson, 1969) Undetermined planktonic foraminifera (in Peterson, 1969) Straight Cliffs Formation, Late Cretaceous (GLCA) Plantae Angiospermae Geonomites? sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Mollusca Cephalopoda Ammonoidea Placenticeras sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Protexanites shoshonensis (in Peterson, 1969) Bivalvia Cardium cf. C. pauperculum (in Peterson, 1969) Inoceramus howelli (in Peterson, 1969) Inoceramus (Volviceramus) involutus (in Peterson and Barnum, 1973) Inoceramus cf. I. stantoni (in Peterson, 1969) Inoceramus sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Ostrea sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Gastropoda Bellifusus sp.? (in Peterson and Barnum, 1973) Gyrodes cf. G. conradi (in Peterson, 1969) Gyrodes cf. G. depressus (in Peterson, 1969) Gyrodes sp. (in Peterson and Barnum, 1973) Helicaulax sp.? (in Peterson and Barnum, 1973) Rostellites sp.? (in Peterson, 1969) Annelida Serpula sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Arthropoda (traces) Ophiomorpha isp. (in Peterson, 1969) Chondrichthyes Ptychodus sp. (in Peterson, 1969) Quaternary Sediments (GLCA) A-52 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Plantae Gymnospermae Cupressaceae Juniperus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Juniperus communis (in Davis et al., 1984) Pinaceae Picea pungens (in Davis et al., 1984) Angiospermae Asteraceae Artemisia cf. tridentata (in Davis et al., 1984) Cirsium sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) cf. Heleanthus (in Davis et al., 1984) Betulaceae Betula occidentalis (in Davis et al., 1984) Cactaceae Opuntia sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Opuntia polyacantha (in Davis et al., 1984) Sclerocactus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Caprifoliaceae Sambucus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Symphoricarpos sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Atriplex cf. canescens (in Davis et al., 1984) Atriplex cf. confertifolia (in Davis et al., 1984) Chenopodium sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Corispermum sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Cleomaceae Cleome sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera (in Davis et al., 1984) Cyperaceae Carex cf. lenticularis (in Davis et al., 1984) Carex cf. interior (in Davis et al., 1984) Carex lasiocarpa (in Davis et al., 1984) Scirpus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Fagaceae Quercus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Gramineae Cf. Agropyron (in Davis et al., 1984) Poaceae Oryzopsis hymenoides (in Davis et al., 1984) Panicum sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Spartina gracilis (in Davis et al., 1984) Sporobolus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Labiatae cf. Marrubium sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) A-53 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Leguminosae cf. Dalea sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Liliaceae cf. Smilacina sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Malvaceae Sphaeralcea sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton diversifolium (in Davis et al., 1984) Rosaceae Amelanchier sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Purshia sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Rosa sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Rubus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Saxifragaceae Ribes sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Mollusca Bivalvia Pisidium casertanum (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Pisidium nitidum (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Pisidium subtruncatum (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Pisidium walkeri (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Pisidium sp. (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Gastropoda Catinella sp. (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Fossaria dalli (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Gyraulus parvus (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Vertigo ovata (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Arthropoda Ostracoda Cypridopsis okeechobei (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Cypridopsis vidua (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Darwinula stevensoni (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Heterocypris incongruins (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Hyocypris bradyi (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Strandesia meadensis (in Kaufman et al., 2002) Amphibia Anura Scaphiopus intermontanus (in Mead et al., 1993) Scaphiopus cf. bombifrons (in Mead et al., 1993) Reptilia Ophidia Crotalus cf. viridis (in Mead et al., 1993) Pitulophis melanoleucus (in Mead et al., 1993) Mammalia Afrotheria Mammuthus columbi (in Mead et al., 1984) Artiodactyla Bison sp. (in Mead and Agenbroad, 1992) A-54 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Euceratherium collinum (in Mead et al., 1993) Camelops sp. (in Mead and Agenbroad, 1992) Odocoileus sp. (in Mead et al., 1984) Oreamnos harringtoni (in Mead et al., 1993) Ovis canadensis (in Mead and Agenbroad, 1992) Perissodactyla Equus sp. (in Davis et al., 1984) Lagomorpha Brachylagus idahoensis (in Mead et al., 1993) Sylvilagus sp. (in Mead and Agenbroad, 1992) Rodentia Lagurus curtatus (in Mead et al., 1993) Marmota flaviventris (in Mead et al., 1993) Microtus sp. (in Mead et al., 1993) Neotoma cinerea (in Mead et al., 1993) Spermophilus sp. (in Mead et al., 1993) Thomomys sp. (in Mead et al., 1993) Xenarthra Nothrotheriops shastensis (in Mead et al., 1984; Mead and Agenbroad, 1992) Golden Spike National Historical Park (GOSP) Bridal Veil Limestone, Oquirrh Group, Pennsylvanian (GOSP) Porifera Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Anthozoa Rugosa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Arthropoda Trilobita Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Brachiopoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Bryozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Mollusca Nautiloidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Elasmobranchii Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) Actinopterygii Teleostei Gen. et sp. indet. (in Aase, undated; Tweet et al., 2012h) A-55 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Quaternary Sediments (GOSP) Plantae Gymnospermae Pinopsida Juniperus osteosperma (in Rhode, 2000) Angiospermae Amaranthaceae Amaranthus sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Chenopodium sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Papaveraceae Argemone sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Asteraceae Artemisia sect. Tridentatae (in Rhode, 2000) Brickellia sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Chrysothamnus sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Gutierrezia cf. G. sarothrae (in Rhode, 2000) Haplopappus sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Tetradymia sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Rhode, 2000) Fabaceae Astragalus sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Poaceae Festuca sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Rhode, 2000) Rubiaceae Gallium sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Boraginaceae Lappula redowskii (in Rhode, 2000) Cyperaceae Scirpus sp. (in Rhode, 2000) Fabaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Rhode, 2000) Mammalia Rodentia Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Hovenweep National Monument (HOVE) Naturita Formation (Dakota Formation in older references), Late Cretaceous (HOVE) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Shaffer et al., 2024) Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR) Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (NABR) Plantae A-56 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci and Kirkland, 2010) Quaternary Sediments (NANRA) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Mead et al., 1987) Polypodiophyta Equisetales Equisetum sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Gymnospermae Pinopsida Juniperus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Picea sp./Abies sp./Pseudotsuga sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Pinus flexilis-type pollen (in Mead et al., 1987) Pinus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Pseudotsuga sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Ephedraceae Ephedra sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Angiospermae Sapindaceae Acer sp.? (in Mead et al., 1987) Betulaceae Alnus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Betula sp. (in Mead et al., 1987; Mead and Agenbroad, 1992) Asteraceae Antennaria sp./Cirsium sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Artemisia sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) High-spine Asteraceae pollen (in Mead et al., 1987) Low-spine Asteraceae pollen (in Mead et al., 1987) Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Poaceae Bromus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Poa sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Mead et al., 1987) Cyperaceae Carex sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Gen. et sp. indet. (in Mead et al., 1987) Rhamnaceae Ceanothus sp./Cercocarpus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Rhamnus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Cannabaceae Celtis sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Oleaceae Fraxinus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Juglandaceae Juglans sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Cactaceae Opuntia sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) A-57 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Plantaginaceae Plantago sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Salicaceae Populus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Fagaceae Quercus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Polygonaceae Rumex sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Sarcobataceae Sarcobatus sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Malvaceae Sphaeralcea sp. (in Mead et al., 1987) Amaranthaceae Cheno-Am pollen (in Mead et al., 1987) Liguliflorae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Mead et al., 1987) Rosaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Mead et al., 1987) Mammalia Rodentia Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Artiodactyla Oreamnos harringtoni (in Mead et al., 1987) RAINBOW BRIDGE NATIONAL MONUMENT (RABR) Kayenta Formation, Early Jurassic (RABR) Eubrontes isp. (in Hall, 1934; Lockley et al., 1998) TIMPANOGOS CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT (TICA) Deseret Limestone, Mississippian (TICA) Anthozoa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci et al., 2001) Rugosa Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci et al., 2001) Echinodermata Crinoidea Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci et al., 2001) Mollusca Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci et al., 2001) Quaternary Sediments (TICA) Reptilia Squamata A-58 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Ophidia Gen. et sp. indet. (in George, 1999) Aves Gen. et sp. indet. (in George, 1999) Mammalia Rodentia Sciuridae Marmota flaviventris (in George, 1999) Spermophilus sp. (in George, 1999) Muridae Microtus sp. (in George, 1999) Neotoma cf. cinerea (in George, 1999) Neotoma sp. middens (in Tweet et al., 2012a) Peromyscus cf. maniculatus (in George, 1999) Lagomorpha Lepus americanus (in George, 1999) Carnivora Martes americana (in George, 1999) Mustela vison (in George, 1999) Procyon lotor (in George, 1999) Ursus americanus (in George, 1999) Artiodactyla Bison bison (in Santucci et al., 2001; Santucci and Kirkland, 2010) Ovis canadensis (in George, 1999) ZION NATIONAL PARK (ZION) Kaibab Limestone, Early Permian (ZION) Mollusca Bivalvia Myalina sp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Lower Red Member, Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (ZION) Lepidosauromorpha Rhynchosauroides isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006b) Pseudosuchia Chirotherium isp. (in Mickelson et al., 2006b) Virgin Limestone Member, Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (ZION) Mollusca Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci, 2000) Ammonoidea Meekoceratidae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci, 2000) Echinodermata Asterozoa Asteroidea A-59 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gen. et sp. indet. (in Santucci, 2000) Ophiuroidea Asterosoma sp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Middle Red Member, Moenkopi Formation, Early Triassic (ZION) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Cameron Member, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (ZION) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Actinopterygii Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Amphibia Metoposauridae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Reptilia Pseudosuchia Crocodylomorpha Revueltosaurus cf. R. callendari (in Heckert et al., 2006) Gen. et sp. indet. (Milner, written observations) Aetosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Phytosauria Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Dinosaur Canyon Member, Moenave Formation, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (ZION) Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2006) Pinopsida Araucarites sp. Saintgeorgia sp. Whitmore Point Member, Moenave Formation, Early Jurassic (ZION) Plantae Sanmiguelia lewisii (in Ash et al., 2014) Actinopterygii Semionotiformes Semionotidae (in Hesse, 1935; Milner et al., 2012) Lophionotus sp. (in Milner et al., 2012) Sarcopterygii Coelacanthiformes Gen. et sp. indet. (in C.J. Bennett, [former] National Park Service, Zion National Park, unpublished field notes, 2023) Dinosauria Theropoda Eubrontes isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2006) A-60 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Grallator isp. (in Milner et al., 2012) “?Grallator isp. or ?Anomoepus isp.” (in DeBlieux et al., 2006) Kayenta Formation, Early Jurassic (ZION) Dinosauria Theropoda Characichnos isp. Eubrontes isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006) Grallator isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006) Kayentapus isp. (in Milner et al., 2012) Synapsida Mammaliamorpha Brasilichnium isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006) Navajo Sandstone, Early–Middle Jurassic (ZION) Arthropoda Arachnida (trace) cf. Paleohelcura isp. Dinosauria Theropoda Grallator isp. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006) Synapsida Mammaliamorpha Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005, 2006) Co-op Creek Limestone Member, Carmel Formation, Middle Jurassic (ZION) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Gastropoda Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Echinodermata Crinoidea Isocrinus nicoletti (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Cedar Mountain Formation–Naturita Formation undivided (late Early–early Late Cretaceous) (ZION) Plantae Leaf impressions (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Mollusca Bivalvia Gen. et sp. indet. (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Straight Cliffs Formation (reworked) (Late Cretaceous) (ZION) Mollusca Bivalvia Crassostrea soleniscus (in DeBlieux et al., 2005) Quaternary Sediments (ZION) A-61 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland, Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Plantae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hamilton, 1979; Hevly, 1979) Pteridophyte spores (in Hevly, 1979) Bryophyta Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Gymnospermae Pinaceae Abies sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Picea sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Pinus sp. (in Hamilton, 1979; Hevly, 1979) Pseudotsuga sp. (in Hevly, 1979) White pine pollen (in Hevly, 1979) Yellow pine pollen (in Hevly, 1979) Cupressaceae Juniperus sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Angiospermae Riparian tree pollen (in Hevly, 1979) Salvinaceae Azolla sp. (in Hamilton, 1979) Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton sp. (in Hamilton, 1979; Hevly, 1979) Fagaceae Quercus sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Typhaceae Typha sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Araceae Lemna sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Haloragaceae Myriophyllum sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Amaranthaceae Cheno-Am pollen (in Hevly, 1979) Compositae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Cruciferae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Cyperaceae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Gramineae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Umbelliferae Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Mollusca Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hamilton, 1979) Mollusk burrows (in Hamilton, 1979) Bivalvia Musculium partumeium (in Hamilton, 1979) Pisidium sp. (in Hamilton, 1979) Mussel impression (in Hevly, 1979) A-62 A Visual Paleontological Inventory of Utah’s National Park Service Areas Tut Tran, Andrew R.C. Milner, Justin S. Tweet, Donald D. DeBlieux, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Austin B. Shaffer, James I. Kirkland Ethan Warner-Cowgill, and Vincent L. Santucci Geology of the Intermountain West 2025 Volume 12 Gastropoda Cochlicopa (Cionella) lubrica (in Hamilton, 1979) Discus whitneyi (formerly D. cronkhitei) (in Vanatta, 1921) Discus shimekii (in Hamilton, 1979; Hevly 1979) Euconulus fulvus alaskensis (in Hamilton, 1979) Gyraulus parvus (in Hamilton, 1979) Heliosoma sp. (in Hamilton, 1979) Lymnaea (Stagnicola) bulimoides (in Hevly, 1979) Microphysula ingersollii (in Hamilton, 1979) Oreohelix haydeni var. oquirrensis (in Vanatta, 1921) Oreohelix strigosa (in Hamilton, 1979) Oreohelix strigosa var. depressa (in Vanatta, 1921) Physa sp. (in Hamilton, 1979) Physa virgata (in Hamilton, 1979) Planorbella tenuis (in Hamilton, 1979) Polita indentata (in Vanatta, 1921) Stagnicola sp. (in Hamilton, 1979) Succinea avara (in Vanatta, 1921; Hamilton, 1979) Vallonia perspectiva (in Hamilton, 1979) Nematomorpha Horsehair worm trail (in Hamilton, 1979) Arthropoda Insecta Ant tracks (in Hamilton, 1979) Beetle tracks (in Hamilton, 1979) Aquatic insect larva trails (in Hamilton, 1979) Actinopterygii Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hamilton, 1979) Aves Gen. et sp. indet. (in Hevly, 1979) Large bird track (in Hamilton, 1979) Mammalia Rodentia Thomomys sp. (in Hevly, 1979) Artiodactyla Bison sp. (in Hamilton, 1979) Camel? track (in Hamilton, 1979) Ovis canadensis (in Hamilton, 1979) Microfossils Diatomista Fragilaria vaucheriae (in Hevly, 1979) Navicula sp. (in Hevly, 1979)