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         Geoplanning 
Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86                                                                                                                                                          Journal of Geomatics and Planning 

                                                                                                 E-ISSN: 2355-6544 
http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/geoplanning 

doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86 

MONITORING THE LAND USE CHANGE IN CAMPUS 2 STKIP PGRI PONTIANAK 

A. Purwantoa, G. Bayuardia 
a. 

IKIP PGRI Pontianak, Indonesia 

Abstract: The aims of the research are: 1) investigating the changes of land-use 

occurring at campus 2 of STKIP PGRI Pontianak, 2) determining the tendency towards 
changes of land-use at campus 2 of STKIP PGRI Pontianak and, 3) mapping the land-use 
change at campus 2 of STKIP PGRI Pontianak from 2003 to 2011. The methods used in 
this research were survey and interpretation of the image of a multiple-color composite 
in 2003, 2008 and 2011 using GIS software. The data used were the types of land-use 
and the width of land-use change area. The data were analyzed by overlay method. 
The results have shown the following: 1) The changes of land use have been largely 
from forest land and paddy fields to settlement area; 2) The trend of the change is 
approaching to the North side, East side, South side and West side of the campus; 3) 
The characteristics of the extension of land-use changes from 2003 to 2011 are: 
settlement increased 66,110 m

2
, field service (restaurant) became 10,254 m

2
, the fields 

had added 17,097 m
2
, paddy field had decreased 25,211 m

2
, the forest area had 

decreased 104,327 m
2
 and educational facilities had increased 35,427 m

2
 while police 

station had extended 650 m
2
. 

 
Copyright © 2016 GJGP-UNDIP  

This open access article is distributed under a  
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-SA) 4.0 International license. 

 
How to cite (APA 6th Style): 
Purwanto, A. and Bayuardi, G. (2016). Monitoring the land use change in Campus 2 STKIP PGRI Pontianak. Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and 
Planning, 3(1), 77-86. doi:10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86 

 

1. INTRODUCTION 

Land use change is basically a transition from a certain purpose in using land to another. Changes in land 
use can be a reflection of an area experiencing growth, especially in the growing of physical infrastructure 
in the form of economic infrastructure, roads and others. In land use development, changes should be 
distributed in certain places that have good potential. Thus, monitoring, data collection and mapping land 
use change are very important to comprehend the changes. One of the tools that can be used for the 
puspose is Remote Sensing-Geographic Information System (RS-GIS). 

Studies on land use change have been developing during the recent years with a variety of methods and 
cases. Several recent studies indicate a strengthening of land-use change identification method by utilizing 
the technology of remote sensing and geographic information system. In China the study of land use 
changes on the value of land use spatio temporal GIS techniques were conducted in 1992, 1996, 2001, 2004 
and 2008 (Du et al., 2014). They were able to produce patterns of land, thereby, increasing the efficiency of 
the investment value of the land. Still in China, in Yucheng City of Shandong Province, the study of changes 
in land use in rural areas is becoming one of the alternatives to see policy changes in land use and land 
ownership. The study used comparative methods of spatial land use by using map results of image 
interpretation (Liu et al., 2014). 

In Slovakia, similar studies using the spatio temporal GIS technique and remote sensing also obtain 
significant results about the patterns of land use change. The importance of the findings in Slovakia can 
actually help in seeing the history of land use patterns in three different time periods, namely Monarchy 
era, revolutionary era, and the present (Kanianska et al., 2014). The studies are interesting to be replicated 
by adopting the pattern and methods of remote sensing and geographic information system especially to 
see the dynamics of land use change. RS-GIS is a precise and accurate tool to provide information about the 

Article Info: 
Received: 21 March 2016 
In revised form: 1 April 2016 
Accepted: 25 April 2016. 
Available Online: 30 April 2016 
 

Keywords:  
Remote sensing, GIS, monitoring, 
land use change 
 

Corresponding Author: 
Ajun Purwanto 
IKIP PGRI,Pontianak, Indonesia 
Email: ajunpurwanto@gmail.com  

OPEN ACCESS 

http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86
mailto:ajunpurwanto@gmail.com


 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         
doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86                                                                      

 

78 | 
 

spatial distribution of land use change covering a wide area. Past studies carried out by organizations and 
institutions around the world have been concentrating on the application of RS-GIS for analyzing and 
evaluating the land use change. Geographical Information System provides flexible facilities for collecting, 
storing, displaying and analyzing digital data which is required for the detection of changes in land use 
(Reis, 2008). 

Land use is dynamic, it will change in accordance with the increase of population, social and economic 
activities. Rapid population growth will have implications to the increased need for space to conduct 
various activities manifested in the land uses. Meanwhile, to meet the needs of the land, there are 
limitations occur in local, physical, geographical, and the ability of governments to provide infrastructure 
and land use policy instruments. Land use policy becomes an interesting subject for discussion in 
developing countries like Indonesia. Unclear conditions pushes the need for clear monitoring system 
(Mialhe et al., 2015) clear policy direction (Zimmermann et al., 2016), and the clear rule of land transition 
(Romo-Leon et al., 2014). Sumaatmadja (1988) outlined changes in land use is influenced by the 
attractiveness of the place, such as: 1) the larger amounts of land available in expansion area, 2) low prices 
of land in expansion area, so it encourage residents to live in the area, 3) a more pleasant atmosphere, 
especially in the division still has environmental conditions that are free from all kinds of pollution, 4) are 
likely to take their education outside of town, 5) approaching the workplace. 

Urban population growth due to natural growth and migration also has implications for the growing 
population pressure on urban land because of the land requirement for residential activities and other 
supporting increasing facilities. It becomes a big challenge for planners, city managers and the residents 
themselves. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) determine land use changes occur at campus 2 STKIP PGRI 
Pontianak, 2) know the trend towards land use change at campus 2 STKIP PGRI Pontianak and 3) to map the 
area of land use change from 2003 to 2011. Study for the development of the campus land use has also 
been done in Purwokerto (Munggiarti & Buchori, 2015) and Bandung (Wijaya, 2015). University campus is a 
strategic area where the dynamics of economic growth affect the use of land. The increasing number of 
students, along with the related facilities, will create change in both the structure and spatial patterns. 

In 2003 to 2011, the area of Campus 2 STKIP PGRI Pontianak has been as urban expansion area of 
southern Pontianak part that has been developing quite rapidly. The number of buildings is growing 
comprising the lecture buildings, settlements ones, buildings for businesses and others, showing the 
dynamics of land use change in the campus area.  

 

2. DATA AND METHODS  

The methods used to see the changes in land use were the remote sensing and remote sensing temporal 
data (Du et al., 2014; Kanianska et al., 2014; Lillesand et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Munggiarti & Buchori, 
2015; Wijaya, 2015). The data used in this study were multi-color composite images taken from Google 
Earth with multi-years of 2003, 2008 and 2011. The method used in this study was a survey of image 
interpretation and checks. Mechanical research was done in several stages as described below. 

2.1 The Preparatory Stage 

The first was a study of literature, magazines and brochures associated with the object of research. The 
study was used to supplement the theories related to the study of land use change. Second, a composite 
image of a multi-year available from 2003, 2008 and 2011 was done. These data were used to determine 
land-use change periodically over the next eight years. The third was to set up a map of West Pontianak 
sub-district administration, to determine the areas experiencing land use change. The fourth was to set up 
additional equipment used for image interpretation process. 

 
2.2 The Interpretation Stage 

Delineation/granting outline on the same appearance and differentiate from the appearance of one to 
another. Delineation was done to make residential units or unit blocks habitation. Elements of 
interpretation were used as a reference in determining the block of habitation in the process of image 
interpretation. Determination of the mapping unit was done by photomorphic means mapping unit of the 



 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         

doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86 

 | 79  
 

territory into smaller units groupings based on physical unit that can be observed from the image. Block 
boundary was determined based on clear and unequivocal limits in the form of major roads that were 
visually observed. Delineation of the appearances of changes in land use in the composite image multi-
year, in 2003, 2008 and 2011. 
 

2.3 Field checks and Data Analysis 

Field checks were carried out directly to complete the data which could not be gained in the image 
interpretation process (Sutanto, 1998). Selection or determination of GCP (Ground Control Point), with data 
analysis used in this study was the interpretation of using the keys of interpretation, identification of the 
development direction pattern and overlaying the images of Composite multi-years of 2003, 2008 and 
2011. The study framework can be seen in Figure 1 and the study area in Figure 2. 

 
 

Figure 1. The study framework 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Satellite Image in 

2008 

 

Multi years composite 

image 

Pattern intepretation  

Overlay 

Interpretation keys 

Kind of Land used 

change 

Spatial Planning and Land used 

change 

Satellite Image in 

2011 

 

Study 

Framework 

Land used change 

map 

 

U
rb

an
 p

lan
n

in
g p

o
licy 

Satellite Image in 

2003 

 

Interpretation and 

delineation 



 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         
doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86                                                                      

 

80 | 
 

Figure 2. The study area, Pontianak, West Borneo (Google Map, 2015) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

3.1 Land Use in 2003 

Interpretation of satellite image in 2003 was done to make land use map of campus 2 STKIP. Elements 
of interpretation were used as a reference in determining the land cover in the process of image 
interpretation. Determination of the land use map unit was done by classification method, it means that 
mapping unit of the territory into smaller units groupings based on physical unit that can be observed from 
the image. Block boundary was determined based on clear and unequivocal limits in the form of major 
roads that were visually observed.  

Based on the interpretation of color composite image from Google Earth 2003 the land use at campus 2 
STKIP PGRI Pontianak consists of forest, settlement, wetland, paddy field, and restaurants. It can be seen in 
Figure 3. Based on the satellite image interpretation, it is known that the most extensive land use is forest 
land, which has an area of 962,458 m2 or 77.71 % of the total area of the mapped region. On the other 
hand, the smallest use was for restaurant, which was only 1,550 m2 or 0.10 %. The results are shown in 
Table 1 and Figure 4. 
 
 

Table 1. STKIP land use in 2003 (Analysis, 2015) 

Land use Area  (m
2
) % 

1. Settlement 32,337 2.61 

2. Service:   

- Restaurant  1,550 0.10 

3. Agriculture:   

- Paddy field 78, 698 6.35 

- Wetland 143,985 11.62 

4. Forest 962,458 77.71 

5. Others   

- Grass 14,877 1.20 

- Road 4,696 0.38 

Total  1,238,601 100.00 

 



 
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Figure 3. STKIP land cover satellite imagery in 2003 (Google Earth, 2003) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

Figure 4. STKIP land use 2003 interpretation result (Analysis, 2015) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         
doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86                                                                      

 

82 | 
 

3.2 Land Use in 2008 

Based on the color composite image of Google Earth in 2008, the land use has undergone a variety of 
changes, such as for settlement, schools, paddy fields and the police station as can be seen in Figure 5. The 
most extensive land use was still the forest. However, the forest was reduced by 9,408 m2 or 0.76% to 
953,050 m2 or 76.95% of the total area being mapped. The smallest land use was for school, which was only 
498 m2 (0.04 %). In details, the interpretation results are shown in Table 2. 

 

Figure 5. STKIP land cover satellite imagery in 2008 (Google Earth, 2008) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Table 2. STKIP land use area in 2008 (Analysis, 2015) 
 

No Land use Wide  (m
2
) % 

1. Settlement 42,432 4.50 

2. Service:   

 - restaurant  1,550 0.10 

3. Agriculture:   

 - Paddy field  78,698 6.35 

 - wetland 137,197 11.08 

4. Forest  953,050 76.95 

5. Others :   

 - Grass 14,877 1.20 

 - road 4,696 0.38 

6. Education    

 - School 498 0.04 

7. Police station  5,603 0.55 

 Total  1,238,601 100.00 



 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         

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3.3 Land Use in 2011 

In 2011, the land use around campus 2 STKIP PGRI Pontianak was classified into settlements, 
restaurants, farm comprising fields and paddy fields, forest, grass, educational facilities and police stations, 
the uses of the land can be seen in Figure 6. Based on the interpretation it is known that the most extensive 
use was still for forest land. However, it experienced a reduction again from originally 953,050 m2 (77.62%) 
in 2008 to 861,528 m2 (68.71%). This reduction was 104,327 m2 or 8.42% of the total area being mapped. 
The smallest land use was for schools, which was only 498 m2 (0.04%). The interpretation results can be 
seen in Figure 7 and Table 3. 

 

Figure 6. STKIP land cover satellite imagery in 2011 (Google Earth, 2011) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Figure 7. STKIP land use 2011 interpretation result (Analysis, 2015) 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 



 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         
doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86                                                                      

 

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Table 3. STKIP land use area in 2011 (Analysis, 2015) 
 

Land use Wide  (m
2
) % 

1. Settlement 98,447 7.95 

2. Service:   

- Restaurant 11,804 0.95 

3. Agriculture:   

- Paddy field 95,795 7.73 

- Wetland 109,774 8.86 

4. Forest 861,528 69.56 

5. Others:   

- Grass 14,877 1.20 

- Road 4,696 0.38 

6. Education Facilities:   

- Schools 498 0.04 

- AKBID 7,424 0.60 

- STKIP 27,505 2.22 

7. Police station 6,253 0.50 

Total  1,238,601 100.00 

 

3.4 Changes in Land Use in the Area of Campus 2 STKIP PGRI Pontianak 

Changes in land use in fact are complicated as can be seen from the various types of use and extensive 
changes to the various uses. So it is necessary to be able to know clearly about the change per unit of land 
use. The following describes the types of land use and the changes (see Table 4). The results of the imagery 
interpretation of 2003, 2008 and 2011 show that the land use in the area of Campus 2 STKIP PGRI 
Pontianak was increasingly varied and complex. The number of units of land use has increased, especially 
the blocks of land for settlement while experiencing a reduction in forests and fields. The decrease of forest 
and field areas was due to conversion to settlement, restaurants, educational facilities (schools, Academy 
of Midwifery, STKIP) and the Police stations. 

The pattern of land use settlement is a manifestation of the people’s activities to utilize the land in 
order to meet their needs. The use of land for settlements in the study area is ranked at the top in terms of 
its expansion, and it is also the most extensive change. The high intensity and the change in scale are widely 
associated with the development or population intervention that is relatively high in the study area. The 
use of land for settlements was around 32,337 m2 in 2003, and then increased sharply to 101,346 m2 in 
2011, meaning that the expansion of settlements was as much as 66,110 m2 or 5.34%. Many of the new 
settlements occupy the agricultural land and forest. 

This development is unfortunate given that the agricultural land in the study area is very fertile . For the 
foreseeable future, the remaining agricultural land should be used as urban agricultural land, so that the 
urban community's food dependency on the supply of the hinterland or the surrounding countryside can be 
reduced and at the same time can improve the housing environment ecologically. 

The second most expanded land use was for education, i.e., as much as 35,427 m2 from 2008 to 2011. 
In general, the growth of land use for educational facilities was on forest areas and some small paddy fields. 
Educational facilities that began to grow at the site of research in 2008-2011 include SMA (High School) 8 
Pontianak, Muhammadiyah Midwifery Academy (AKBID) Pontianak and the School of Teaching and 
Education (STKIP) PGRI Pontianak. Meanwhile, the use of land for the Police Department has also 
increased, i.e., 650 m2. 

 
 
 
 
 



 
Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         

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Table 4. Land use change in the area of STKIP in 2003-2011 (Analysis, 2015) 

Land use Area  (m
2
) 

2003 
Area (m

2
) 

2008 
Area (m

2
) 

2011 
Change (m

2
) 2003-2011 

1. Settlement 32,337 42,032 101,346 + 66,110 

2. Service:     

- Restaurant 1,550 1,550 11,804 + 10,254 

3. Agriculture :     

- Field 78,698 78,698 95,795 + 17,097 

- Wetland 143,985 137,197 109,774 - 25,211 

4. Forest 962,458 957,050 858,131 - 104,327 

5. Others:     

- Grass 14,877 14,877 14,877 - 

- Road 4,696 4,696 4,696 - 

6.Education Facilities      

- Schools   498 498 + 498 

- AKBID   7,424 + 7,424 

- STKIP   27,505 + 27,505 

7. Police station  5,603 6,253 + 650 

Total  1,238,601 1,238,601 1,238,601 0 

 
 

4. CONCLUSION 

 Further conversion of agricultural land and forest to settlement use should be avoided. However, it can 
be allowed for non-conservation forest. It is intended that the agricultural land can keep producing 
appropriately to ensure food security. Concentration of land conversion in certain areas will lead to the 
unequal distribution of various fasilities both socially and economically. So, further land use conversion 
should be directed to cropland and for non built-up uses only. 

 

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The author(s) would like to thank the Directorate of Research and Community Services of the Ministry of 
Research, Technology and Higher Education for funding this research through the scheme of Young 
Researchers Grant in 2015. 

 

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Purwanto and Bayuardi / Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, Vol 3, No 1, 2016, 77-86         
doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.77-86                                                                      

 

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