










































Georgian Geographical Journal 

 

Prospects of Tourism Development in 
Zemo Racha and Their Reflection Among 
the Local Society 
Nana Nadareishvili 1,2* , Mzia Tutberidze1 ,  
Giorgi Khomeriki1 , Sofiko Dzhvarsheishvili1 ,  
Nana Kvirkvelia1 , Eleonora Tchania1 ,  Givi Tavadze1  

1 Department of Human Geography/Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State 
University, Tbilisi, Georgia 
2 Department of Tourism and Marketing/Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia 
* Corresponding author: n.nadareish3005@gmail.com 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Introduction 

Racha is one of the most 
challenging among Georgia’s 
historical-geographical provinces. It is located between the main range of the Caucasus Mountains and 
its branches, which makes it distant from the central economic zone of the country. A large part of the 
territory is mountainous and highland, with only a small amount of arable land for cultivation that is 
relatively scarce. There is a variety of mineral resources, but their reserves are limited, which makes 

Georgian Geographical Journal, 2025, 5(1) 63-73 
© The Author(s) 2025 

 
This article is an open access article distributed under 
the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons 
Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// 
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 
DOI: https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/GGJ 

Abstract 
Racha is one of Georgia’s stagnant historical-geographic regions, with its 
socio-economic problems caused by several complex natural and social 
factors. One of the most significant problems of the region is the critical drop 
in its population. One potential solution to the trend of depopulation, 
considering the experience of worldwide depressed mountain rural regions, 
could be the development of tourism. However, international experience also 
shows that rapid, campaign-style tourism programmes that are not based on 
in-depth scientific research of possible consequences might negatively impact 
the local community's situation – change the local community's socio-cultural 
system, create or deepen economic inequality, harm historical settlement and 
material culture, and so on. International experience demonstrates that this 
happens when tourist facilities are built spontaneously, and investments are 
implemented without considering the interests of the local community. The 
purpose of this study was to explore the local community's view on tourism 
development in the Oni Municipality of Racha. To achieve this goal, the 
research team used methods of surveying and interviewing the local 
population. The primary tool of the research was a mixed-format questionnaire 
containing both closed and open-ended questions. The research covered resorts 
and resort areas located in the Oni region, as well as settlements in prospective 
recreational zones. In August 2023, due to the tragedy in the Shovi resort, 
where a landslide caused the loss of more than 30 people and made the area 
unsuitable for future recreational and tourism use, it led to a considerable 
decrease in the number of tourists visiting Racha. However, the research shows 
that despite this, the locals have high hopes for the development of tourism in 
the municipality. This is evidenced by the opening of numerous new 
guesthouses. Until recently, the tourist region of Zemo Racha (resorts: Shovi, 
Utsera, Sortuani) was primarily focused on healing and wellness. Currently, 
the development of the Utsera resort is underway. An additional study of the 
tourist resources has shown that it is possible to establish a mountain skiing 
complex in Mravaldzali. The recently established national park in the 
municipality should stimulate the growth of ecological, adventure, and 
speleotourism. However, it should be noted that the local population we 
interviewed has limited knowledge of the national park's functions. According 
to the respondent’s opinions, agritourism holds significant potential in the 
region, with several facilities already operating over the long term in the Oni 
Municipality. 

Keywords: Problems of mountain areas, Racha, Oni, Tourism, Resorts of 
Racha, National Park of Racha. 

Citation: Nadareishvili, N.; Tutberidze, M.; 
Khomeriki, G.; Dzhvarsheishvili, S.; 
Kvirkvelia, N.; Tchania, E.; Tavadze, G. 
Prospects of Tourism Development in Zemo 
Racha and Their Reflection Among the 
Local Society. 
Georgian Geographical Journal 2025, 
5(1), 63-73. 
https://doi.org/10.52340/ggj.2025.05.01.07 

mailto:n.nadareish3005@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-0834
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-4684
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4348
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-8435
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-4453
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5352-0710
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-5355


Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

extraction mostly unprofitable. There is a high unemployment rate among the locals; their incomes are 
limited. The population is also experiencing a critical decline (Kohler et al., 2017; Jaoshvili, 1961; Stülb 
& Dzhvarsheishvili, 2023). 

One of the realistic ways to stop depopulation in Racha is to enhance tourism activities and improve 
local community incomes from the tourism sector. Zemo Racha, which is represented by the Oni 
municipality, holds great potential in terms of both natural and anthropogenic tourism resources. In 
terms of tourism expansion, it is one of the leading municipalities in the region and is a major tourist 
attraction centre in the country (Nadareishvili & Dzidzikashvili, 2023; Gogitidze & Nadareishvili, 2022; 
Gogitidze et al., 2023). Tourism development here began in the thirties of the 20th century, when the 
Shovi resort began operating here (Tutberidze, 2021). The significance of the Zemo Racha tourist region 
was determined by the natural beauty of the Central Caucasus, the region’s healthy climate, and its 
hydro-mineral resources, widely distributed across the whole area of the region, but the springs of Shovi 
and Utsera were distinguished by their healing properties. Shovi, a climate-balneological resort, is 
located at 1,600 meters above sea level in the valley of the Chanchakhi River and surrounded by 
coniferous and deciduous forests. Shovi’s main therapeutic factor is a healthy climate and the 
exceptionally long duration of sunshine (2,050 hours per year) (Kobakhidze, 1971). Including 16 
mineral springs of various profiles. The catastrophic natural disaster that happened in August 2023 
destroyed the resort's infrastructure, making it impossible for the resort to continue operating. The 
balneological-climatic resort of Utsera began operating relatively later; it’s located in the Rioni River 
valley at 1,150 meters above sea level. Its main resort resource consists of three types of carbonated 
mineral waters, which are used for baths or for drinking to treat pulmonary, allergies, and 
gastroenterological diseases. The local population calls these waters by various names, such as "Kalci" 
water, which was bottled during the Soviet era; "Black Water"; "Napertskala"; and the most popular 
one, "Gverita". Utsera’s resort infrastructure is currently represented by the following facilities: the 
four-star hotel "Manino", a 25-room hotel in the former boarding house building, and 16 operated 
guesthouses. The total capacity of the accommodation facilities is up to 300 places. The Radisson chain 
hotel is being built on the grounds of the old sanatorium. 

Close to Oni is the climate-balneological resort Sortuani, whose carbonated mineral water is used to 
treat arthrological, neurological, and gynaecological diseases (Legislative Herald of Georgia, 2005). 
There is no resort infrastructure here, but it does have some small recreational facilities that locals make 
use of, just like mineral water. Potential centres for health and wellness tourism include the resort areas 
of Bari, Skhephuri, Kvedi Lake, and Dzeglebi. 

There are plenty of resources in the municipality for the development of different tourism directions: 
for hiking and adventure tourism – lakes (Udziro, Sakhazo), waterfalls (Tskhmori, Kvagakhetkila), 
caves (Usholta), and mountains (Tsonara, Katitsvera); for cultural and educational tourism – churches 
(Mravaldzali, St. Gabriel Archangel, the Saviour, Upper Bari Archangel, St. George of Sori), the Oni 
synagogue, the regional studies museum, as well as villages with historical buildings and unique 
defensive structures (Ghebi, Chiora). Regarding ecological tourism – the newly established Racha 
National Park (Chichinadze, 2021; Khakhubia et al., 2024) – for gastronomic and ethnographic tourism 
– traditional Rachian cuisine and festivals. 

Furthermore, over the last several decades, Zemo Racha has undergone a considerable population 
decline (Khomeriki et al., 2022). In this regard, it is exceptional among the regions of the country. In 
recent decades, one of the most real ways to retain the local population is tourism development, job 
creation in the tourism and hospitality industry and providing employment for local people. On-site 
research and surveys of the local population have shown that despite the decrease in the number of 
visitors during the 2024 season due to the August 2023 disaster in Shovi, both the local administration 
and the community have great hope about tourism development in the municipality. This is also 
confirmed by the recent opening of many new guesthouses. 

The aim of the presented research is to explore the opinions, attitudes, and interests of the local 
community regarding the development of tourism in the Oni municipality, as well as the local 
population's stance regarding tourism development. 



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

 
Figure1. Shovi resort after the landslide 

Research area 
Racha, a historical-geographical province, is located in the northeastern part of Racha, a historical-

geographical province, is located in the northeastern part of western Georgia. Administratively, it 
belongs to the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region, also known as the northern border of 
Georgia (Socio-Economic Geography of Georgia, 2003). To the east, it borders with the Tskhinvali 
region; to the west, it borders with the municipality of Ambrolauri and the municipality of Lentekhi and 
the Russian Federation (Kabardino-Balkarian and North Ossetia-Alania Respublics); and to the south, 
it borders with Imereti. Racha includes the municipalities of Oni and Ambrolauri. Currently, the area 
of the research is Mountainous Racha - Oni Municipality. Due to its economic-geographical location, 
natural and socio-economic conditions, it was an isolated region for many centuries (Neidze, 2007; 
Jaoshvili, 1996; Mghvdeladze, 2007). For centuries, the region has been considered a powerful centre 
of Bronze and Iron Age culture. It was well known for its mining and metal production. The extraction 
and processing of iron were so important in the daily lives of the inhabitants of Tsedisi and neighbouring 
villages that the region came to be known as the "Sarkineti - Iron region", and those who practised this 
craft were known as "iron men". Administratively, it belongs to the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo 
Svaneti region, also known as the northern wall of Georgia (Socio-Economic Geography of Georgia, 
2003). To the east, it borders with Tskhinvali region, to the west, it borders with 
municipality of  Ambrolauri and  municipality of Lentekhi and Russian Federation (Kabardino-
Balkarian and North Ossetia - Alania Respublics) and to the south it borders with Imereti. Racha 
includes the municipalities of Oni and Ambrolauri. Currently, the area of the research is Mountainous 
Racha - Oni Municipality. Due to its economic-geographical location, natural and socio-economic 
conditions, it was an isolated region for many centuries (Neidze, 2007; Jaoshvili, 1996; Mghvdeladze, 
2007). For centuries, the region has been considered as a powerful center of Bronze and Iron Age 
culture.   
Methods and Materials 
The research was conducted to study the opinions of individuals employed in the tourism sector on the 
continued development of tourism in Oni municipality. A meeting took place with Oni City Hall 
representatives, staff from the tourism information centre and approximately 20 respondents engaged 
in tourism activities were interviewed. The main method for this research selected was personal 



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

interviewing. The study covered resorts, resort areas, and settlements within prospective recreational 
areas. During the field research, essential photo and video records were collected, and illustrative 
materials were created in the form of diagrams and maps, which are presented in the article.  
The involvement of people from various villages and the range of collected materials significantly 
boosted the trustworthiness of the research. A more or less realistic picture of operating a tourism 
business has been formed. The analysis of this research provides possibilities for developing tourism in 
the region. In the context of the research, interviews were conducted with residents from different 
villages of Oni Municipality who are actively involved in the tourism business. The survey included 
participants in the tourism business from the villages of Utsera, Ghari, Zudali, Mravaldzali, Ghebi, 
Chiora, Glola and the city of Oni. 
 Results 

The data analysis from the field research shows that 77 percent of the respondents were women, 
indicating that tourism-related activities in the region, especially in the family guesthouse and 
hospitality sector, are mainly driven by women. This trend can be explained by social and cultural 
factors, as women have traditionally significant role in managing family businesses and hospitality. At 
the same time, Men's comparatively low participation may suggest that they are more involved in 
agriculture or other economic activities that require more physical effort and significant time 
investment. The observed dynamics suggest that gender distribution within the tourism sector reflects 
both the structure of the regional labor market and the traditional division of roles. 

The respondents' ages ranges from 30 to 71, which allows for the identification of several age groups: 
30.8 percent of respondents are aged 30-40, 46.2 percent are in the 41-60 age group and just 23.1 percent 
respondents are aged between 61 and 71 (Fig. 2). The data analysis from the field research shows that 
77 percent of the respondents were women, indicating that tourism-related activities in the region, 
especially in the family guesthouse and hospitality sector, are mainly driven by women. This trend can 
be explained by social and cultural factors, as women have traditionally had a significant role in 
managing family businesses and hospitality. At the same time, men's comparatively low participation 
may suggest that they are more involved in agriculture or other economic activities that require more 
physical effort and significant time investment. The observed dynamics suggest that gender distribution 
within the tourism sector reflects both the structure of the regional labour market and the traditional 
division of roles. 

The respondents' ages range from 30 to 71, which allows for the identification of several age groups: 
30.8 percent of respondents are aged 30-40, 46.2 percent are in the 41-60 age group and just 23.1 percent 
of respondents are aged between 61 and 71 (Fig. 2). 

 

 
Figure 2. Distribution of respondents by age groups in percentage 

Analysing the age distribution of respondents indicates that a significant majority of the respondents 
(46.2 percent) are in the middle-aged range (41-60 years), who are actively involved in both economic 
and social spheres. This age group represents one of the most important segments for tourism 
development, as they have the required experience, resources and motivation which contributes to the 
sustainable growth of the sector. 

The second significant group includes respondents between the ages of 30 and 40 (30.8 percent), who, 
due to their younger age, might bring more initiative, innovative mindset and energy. Increasing 
involvement and investment within this age group, both in terms of resources and knowledge, could 
become a vital aspect of a long-term growth strategy. 

The older age group (61-71 years) represents 23.1 percent of the respondents. Despite their small 
numbers, this group is vital in maintaining the region’s cultural heritage and transferring their 

30,7
46,2

23,1

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0
30-40
41-60
61-71



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

experience and knowledge. Their participation in the tourism sector forms a stable platform, which is 
of crucial importance for the preservation of traditional forms of local subculture. 

In the tourism research process, both permanent and temporary residents' views are considered, 
providing an opportunity for a comprehensive and deep analysis of the community. Their varied 
experiences are diverse, which provides an opportunity for revealing a more complex picture of a deeper 
understanding of the field of tourism.  

According to the research data, 85 percent of the respondents are permanent residents, which suggests 
that their views directly reflect both the ongoing and future challenges faced by the region. The opinions 
of this group significantly define the main aspects of tourism development. 

As well, the views of temporary residents (15 percent) are equally significant. Although this group 
are less involved in the daily life of the region, they are comparatively more mobile and have 
international experience. Their viewpoint is equally important throughout the research process. Due to 
their different viewpoints, they may focus on aspects that are less visible from the permanent residents; 
for example, temporary residents with international experience focus on the need for multilingual staff, 
the development of modern tourist routes and activities, and the accessibility of internet and digital 
services. Which would provide the region with the opportunity to integrate more successfully into the 
international tourism market. This kind of approach will assist the region in better adapting to the 
demands of the international tourism market and integrating more effectively into global trends.  

Every participant in the survey (100 percent) expressed a positive view regarding the development of 
tourism in Racha, which is highly important for the region's economic growth. This collective support 
demonstrates the local community's willingness and interest in becoming actively involved in tourism 
activities. Furthermore, they express a willingness to take advantage of support provided by both public 
and private organisations, highlighting the importance of local initiatives and investments. This kind of 
attitude creates a strong basis for the sustainable and successful development of tourism in the region, 
which could become a key factor of long-term socio-economic progress. 

Based on the conducted survey, a few main trends and priority issues concerning tourism development 
were identified by the respondents. 76.9 percent of them highlighted the lack of financial resources, and 
the same percentage of respondents noted the need for staff training/retraining, while 92.3 percent 
identified infrastructure improvement as a key priority. All respondents (100 percent) consider it 
necessary that it is vital to guarantee the prevention of dangerous natural occurrences. 69.2 percent of 
them consider the establishment of a unified information database about Racha's tourism offers to be 
an important step. Only 7.7 percent indicated the need for stronger state support, and incentive actions 
from the state are necessary, and the same percentage (7.7 percent) emphasised the importance of 
increasing public awareness. (Fig. 3). 

 
Figure 3. Priorities of respondents for measures in tourism development in Zemo Racha (percentage) 

 
Based on the survey, 76.9 percent of respondents think that one of the main challenges for tourism 

development in Racha is the lack of financial resources. This indicates that capital investment is crucial 
not only for infrastructure projects but also for the development of tourism services. This factor 
indicates that it is necessary to attract either local or foreign investments. 76.9 percent of respondents 
indicated that professional training/retraining of staff is a key requirement for tourism development in 
Racha. This fact underlines the need to raise the professional standards of employees in the region’s 

7,7
7,7

69,2
76,9
76,9

92,3

100,0

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0

Government support and incentive programs
Increasing awareness

Unified database of information source for Racha's…
Financial  resources

Staff education and retraining
Infrastructure organization

Ensuring measures against complex natural processes



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

service sector. The improvement in tourist service quality is closely linked to the competence of 
personnel, which will strongly affect the region's image and the increase in tourist flows. 

It should be noted that there is a labour deficit in the villages, caused by the outmigration of the 
younger generation. This issue is especially significant during the winter period. Without keeping the 
youth in the region, stable economic development and the complete realisation of tourism potential 
cannot happen.  

For tourism development, 92.3 percent of respondents identified the necessity of improving 
infrastructure. For the development of tourism in the region, it is critically important to improve the 
basic infrastructure: roads that are currently only partially organised, such as the Sachkhere-Shkmeri 
highway, which have made access to Oni easier; however, internal village roads are disorganised, and 
public transportation is limited (in the villages, transportation operates only once a week, which reduces 
tourists' mobility and makes it essential for them to use their vehicles). Improvements in living 
conditions are necessary (many villages are still without gas, which creates a major barrier to winter 
tourism), and communication access (connectivity problems in highland villages reduce the region's 
attractiveness to tourists, since modern travellers need access to both the internet and mobile 
communication). It is evident that there are insufficient shops and medical centres. Racha cannot 
become competitive without the development of the service sector as well as the tourism services. 

The municipality is located in a zone characterised by complex exogenous processes, which poses a 
real threat (Gongadze et al., 2024). All of the respondents (100 percent) highlighted the importance of 
protecting the population from complex natural processes (such as landslides, floods, etc.). In order to 
prevent different natural challenges, relevant steps should be taken in the region and provide it with 
preventive equipment. 

69.2 percent of respondents noted the need to establish a centralised information database regarding 
tourism offers in Racha. This will improve the availability of information about the region for tourists 
and make it easier for them to plan their trips. There was already such a precedent in Racha several 
years ago when, under a USAID program, an information database called the 'Tourism Cluster“ was 
established, which encompassed accommodation facilities, and the 'Food Cluster,“ which united 
restaurant owners, honey and ham producers and others. But with the end of the programme, these 
websites stopped functioning. 

Based on the survey data, just one respondent highlighted the necessity of state support and the need 
for incentive programmes. This answer could be interpreted as showing that the majority of respondents 
pay relatively lower attention to state involvement. Additionally, it should be noted that the other 
respondents mainly consider the role of the state in the context of financial assistance and infrastructure 
development. This indicates that, in the respondents' view, the government’s involvement should be 
primarily centred around these specific aspects. Only one respondent highlighted the importance of 
raising awareness of tourism in Zemo Racha. However, its importance is clear, as recognition directly 
impacts tourist flows, regional promotion and marketing, all of which are essential for the long-term 
growth of tourism in the region. 

It is important to note that all surveyed respondents (100 percent) are actively involved in the tourism 
service sector. They can offer tourists guesthouses, involvement in agricultural activities, sightseeing 
of natural and cultural monuments and other activities. Based on the analysis of the collected data, we 
described the types of tourism presented in Zemo Racha and analysed the level of service 
diversification. 

Among the respondents were those who returned from the capital city to Racha during the COVID-
19 pandemic. They are now considered permanent residents and plan to get involved in tourism 
activities, which reflect a slight positive influence of the pandemic on migratory processes and the 
diversification of the region's economy (Gogsadze et al., 2022; Tsitsagi et al., 2023; Bokeria & 
Tutberidze, 2023). 

As evidence from Fig.4 all respondents, without exception, offer to tourists guesthouse services. This 
indicates that guesthouses represent the central segment of tourism in the region. Guesthouses play a 
vital socio-economic role in Racha's tourism, promoting both tourism infrastructure development and 
employment. The existence of a variety of natural and cultural monuments in the region strengthens 
tourists’ attractiveness and underscores the value of its cultural heritage.  

84.6 percent of the respondents offer tourists to explore natural and cultural attractions. This shows 
that cultural and ecological tourism is one of the primary directions in Zemo Racha, which will help 
attract visitors to the region. 



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

Among the respondents, 69.2 percent offer tourists local cuisine, while 53.8 percent provide them 
with the opportunity to taste homemade wine. This shows that both gastronomic tourism and wine 
culture also play a significant role in attracting tourists. Tasting wine is closely linked to the region's 
winemaking traditions, which strengthen uniqueness of Racha's cultural heritage. 

61.5 percent of respondents offer tourists the introduction of local traditions. This indicates that the 
region is paying attention to the development of ethnic tourism, which, in turn, helps promote local 
heritage, traditions, and lifestyle. 

46 percent of respondents offer to tourists horseback riding. As part of adventure tourism, horseback 
riding services help strengthening the possibilities for active tourism in the Racha region. 

46 percent of respondents offer to tourists to participate in agricultural activities. This reflects the 
potential for developing agritourism, allowing tourists to understand agricultural processes, enjoy local 
produce, and participate in farming directly. 

 
Figure 4. Suggestions of respondents engaged in various tourism activities in Zemo Racha (percentage) 

 
23 percent of respondents indicate that they are involved in the activities of other people's tourism 

businesses. This illustrates the trend of creating collaborative networks in tourism, which helps local 
tourist destinations expand their range of services and increase their tourism potential. 

8 percent of respondents noted the offering of car services, indicating that the transportation 
infrastructure and its development are still represented at a low level, which in turn is caused by 
imperfect infrastructural conditions. 

This information shows that the region is not only focused on traditional hospitality, but also includes 
elements of wellness, eco-tourism, agritourism, gastronomic, cultural, and adventure tourism, fostering 
the multifaceted development of the region and fully realizing its tourism potential. 

The analysis of respondents' answers, regarding their economic dependence on tourism confirms that 
tourism plays an important role in diversifying the income of the local population. 

From the respondents' answers, it becomes clear that tourism, as an additional source of economic 
activity, increases financial stability, indicating the region's yet to be explored tourism potential. 

The research clearly demonstrated significance of tourism and importance of tourism dependence for 
local population.  Specifically, 7.6 percent of respondents indicated that their entire income (100 
percent) comes from tourism. 15 percent of respondents noted that over half of their income (70 percent-
80 percent) is earned through tourism activities. In the case of 53 percent of respondents, their earnings 
from tourism were less than one-third of their total income. 7.6 percent of respondents reported that 
one-third of their income comes from tourism. Moreover, 15 percent of respondents did not respond to 
this question. 

The findings of the study indicate that the Zemo Racha community has different levels of dependence 
on tourism (Fig.5). 

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

100
100

46,2

84,6

69,2

53,8
61,5

46,2

23,1

7,7



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

 
Figure 5. The share of tourism in the total annual income of owners of tourist facilities (The results of the interviewing) 

 
 High level of dependency 

Only 23 percent of respondents have incomes that are directly dependent on tourism services. 
Respondents from this group agree that the development of tourism is important for their financial 
stability and prosperity. Such a stance from this group of respondents is natural, as they gain direct 
benefits from tourism activities. 

 Low level of dependency 

This group of respondents accounts for 7 percent of the total respondents. They earn one-third of their 
income from tourism, indicating that they are partially dependent on tourism, while their main source 
of income is from other activities. 

 Limited dependency 

The results of the study demonstrated that 54 percent of respondents receive less than a third of their 
income from tourism, meaning that for the majority, tourism is an additional source, not the main one. 
The members of this group, as an additional activity, are involved in agriculture, and some of them are 
also employed in publicly funded sectors. As a result, they have relatively low interest in tourism 
development, however, they recognize the benefits and considerable potential of the tourism sector for 
the economy of the region. 
 Unclear attitude 

15 per cent of respondents did not answer this question. They preferred not to reveal their own earnings 
from tourism, which may be due to the low amount of such income or other motivations. 

The data above indicates that tourism development in the region is not only a key driver of economic 
growth but also an alternative source of income for the local population, which could significantly 
increase with proper infrastructure and service improvements. 

It is also notable that 61 percent of respondents reported that they receive financial and organisational 
support in their tourism activities from the government and/or international or local organisations. This 



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

suggests the accessibility of resources and funding, which play a crucial role in supporting tourism 
development. 

39 percent of the respondents indicated that they did not receive similar assistance. This may be due 
to a lack of information about various grant and funding opportunities, a general sense of distrust among 
respondents or an absence of interest in participating in projects. It is also possible to suggest that their 
applications were not accepted. The majority of respondents who received grants (around 62.5 percent) 
mentioned that their support came from the government program “Enterprise Georgia”. Clearly, this 
programme plays a crucial role in supporting tourism and developing businesses in the Racha region. 
The popularity of this programme can be explained by the fact that it is a large-scale government 
initiative focused on providing support to small and medium-sized enterprises in multiple regions of 
the country. It is important for the Racha region to be informed about opportunities for grants and 
financial assistance, as this will promote sustainable tourism development. 

92 percent of respondents who reported the negative effects of the Shovi tragedy (see Fig. 5) on 
tourism indicate that natural disasters have a direct impact on the tourism industry and the economic 
situation of the local population in the region. The significant drop in tourist numbers, caused by the 
fear and sense of insecurity stemming from the tragedy, illustrates how natural disasters influence not 
just tourism dynamics but also the challenges associated with maintaining the region's tourism 
reputation. 

Discussions 
Most of the interviewed respondents share the opinion that tourism is the most important part of the 

development of the economy of Zemo Racha, and its further development is very important for the 
region. However, its effective development is associated with many challenges. Lack of financial 
resources, lack of qualified personnel, insufficient infrastructure, and difficult natural conditions were 
identified as the main barriers to tourism development in the region. This is only a small part of the 
challenges mentioned by the locals, which require special attention. To fully utilise the tourism potential 
of Zemo Racha, it is necessary not only to improve the infrastructure but also to raise the awareness of 
the region, both at the national and global levels. With the help of targeted marketing strategies and 
information campaigns, it is possible to effectively present the region's unique tourism resources to the 
public. In addition, considering the specifics of the domestic and international tourism markets will help 
Racha to strengthen its position on the global tourism map, which will increase the number of tourists 
and contribute to the development of sustainable tourism in the region. 

Until now, the tourism region of Zemo Racha had a pronounced healing and healing direction (resorts: 
Shovi, Utsera, Sortuan); now, in parallel with the further development of Utsera, the possibility of 
creating a mountain-ski complex (Mravaldzali) was revealed because of an additional study of tourist 
resources. In addition, there are settlements and places in Zemo Racha that have significant tourist 
potential and are already popular among individual tourists (the village of Gona with a special natural 
beauty; the village of Glola, which was the base of the Shovi resort in terms of providing employees 
and accommodation facilities). Now it receives tourists). 

The recently created national park on the territory of the municipality should give impetus to the 
development of ecological, adventure and speleotourism. However, it should be noted here that there is 
a lack of knowledge about the functions of the national park among the population. The agro-tourism 
direction in the region also has a perspective, several facilities of which have been operating in the 
municipality of Oni for a long time. An important prerequisite for the development of gastronomic 
tourism could be the catalogue of Racha dishes prepared by the employees of the Tourism Information 
Centre. 
Conclusion 
 The majority of the population considers the field of tourism to be the main direction of further 
socio-economic development of Zemo Racha; 
 The tragedy that took place in Shovi affected not only the future of Shovi, but also the tourism 
development of the entire Racha region; For the prevention of various natural challenges in the region, 
it is necessary to take appropriate measures and provide it with preventive devices; 
 The incomes of 23 percent of the respondents directly depend on tourist services, a third of the 
income of 7 percent comes from tourism, i.e. partially depends on tourism, and the income of 54 percent 



Nadareishvili et al. 2025(1) 

 
 

is less than a third of all incomes from tourism, these data reveal the importance of tourism for the 
economy of the region. 
 All research participants offer accommodation to tourists in a family hotel. In addition, various 
respondents' suggestions are visiting cultural and natural monuments, tasting local dishes and wine, 
getting to know local traditions, engaging in agricultural activities, horse riding, etc. 
 The respondents mentioned important issues for the development of tourism: lack of financial 
resources, the need for personnel training/retraining, infrastructure regulation. 
 Part of the owners of tourist facilities received financial and organizational support from the 
state, international or local organizations, but more efforts are needed from the state to uilization the 
potential of the region. 

The research showed that the tourism development of Zemo Racha is not only focused on traditional 
hospitality, but also includes elements of health and wellness, cultural, ecological, agro, gastronomic 
and adventure tourism, which will contribute to the multifaceted development of the region and tourism 
potential. 

Competing interests 

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 

ORCID iD 

Nana Nadareishvili https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-0834 
Mzia Tutberidze https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-4684 
Giorgi Khomeriki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4348 
Sofiko Dzhvarsheishvili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-8435 
Nana Kvirkvelia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-4453 
Eleonora Tchania https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5352-0710 
Givi Tavadze https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-5355 
 

Authors’ contribution 

N.N., M.T. and G.K. conceived of the presented idea. All of the authors performed the analytic 
calculations. N.N took the lead in writing the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and 
helped shape the research, analysis and manuscript. 

 

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