id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ggj-4131	1	1	georgian	georgian	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	2	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	4	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	5	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	6	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	1	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	8	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	9	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	10	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	11	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	1	12	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	13	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	14	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	1	15	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	16	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	1	17	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	18	manana	manana	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	19	ratiani1	ratiani1	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	21	*	*	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	22	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	23	maia	maia	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	24	madzgharashvili2	madzgharashvili2	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	25	1	1	NUM
ggj-4131	1	26	associate	associate	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	27	professor	professor	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	28	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	29	ilia	ilia	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	30	state	state	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	31	university	university	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	32	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	33	tbilisi	tbilisi	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	35	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	36	2	2	NUM
ggj-4131	1	37	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	39	galaktion	galaktion	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	40	tabidze	tabidze	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	41	public	public	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	42	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	43	no	no	INTJ
ggj-4131	1	44	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	45	51	51	NUM
ggj-4131	1	46	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	47	tbilisi	tbilisi	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	48	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	49	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	50	*	*	SYM
ggj-4131	1	51	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ggj-4131	1	52	author	author	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	53	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	54	manana.ratiani@iliauni.edu.ge	manana.ratiani@iliauni.edu.ge	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	55	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	56	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	57	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	58	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	1	59	an	an	DET
ggj-4131	1	60	essential	essential	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	61	component	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	62	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	1	63	human	human	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	64	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	65	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	66	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	67	enabling	enable	VERB
ggj-4131	1	68	individuals	individual	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	69	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	1	70	understand	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	1	71	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	72	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	1	73	objects	object	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	74	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	1	75	space	space	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	76	while	while	SCONJ
ggj-4131	1	77	visualising	visualise	VERB
ggj-4131	1	78	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	79	interpreting	interpreting	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	80	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	81	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	1	82	predicting	predict	VERB
ggj-4131	1	83	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	1	84	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ggj-4131	1	85	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	86	nrc	nrc	PROPN
ggj-4131	1	87	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	88	2006	2006	NUM
ggj-4131	1	89	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	1	90	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	2	1	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	2	2	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	2	3	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	4	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	2	5	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	2	6	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ggj-4131	2	7	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	2	8	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	9	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	2	11	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	2	12	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	2	13	representations	representation	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	14	form	form	VERB
ggj-4131	2	15	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	2	16	basis	basis	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	17	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	2	18	both	both	PRON
ggj-4131	2	19	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	20	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	21	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	2	22	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	23	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	2	24	making	making	NOUN
ggj-4131	2	25	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	3	1	international	international	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	2	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	3	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	4	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ggj-4131	3	5	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	3	6	establishing	establish	VERB
ggj-4131	3	7	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	8	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	9	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	10	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	3	11	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	3	12	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	13	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	14	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	3	15	critically	critically	ADV
ggj-4131	3	16	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	17	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	3	18	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	19	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	3	20	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	21	subject	subject	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	22	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	3	23	specific	specific	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	24	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	3	25	metacognitive	metacognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	3	26	success	success	NOUN
ggj-4131	3	27	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	4	1	however	however	ADV
ggj-4131	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	4	3	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	4	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	4	5	georgian	georgian	PROPN
ggj-4131	4	6	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	4	7	environment	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	4	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	4	9	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	4	10	component	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	4	11	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	4	12	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV
ggj-4131	4	13	integrated	integrate	VERB
ggj-4131	4	14	into	into	ADP
ggj-4131	4	15	both	both	DET
ggj-4131	4	16	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	4	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	4	18	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	4	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	5	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ggj-4131	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	5	3	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	5	4	often	often	ADV
ggj-4131	5	5	struggle	struggle	VERB
ggj-4131	5	6	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	5	7	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	5	8	reading	reading	NOUN
ggj-4131	5	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	5	10	recognising	recognise	VERB
ggj-4131	5	11	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	5	12	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	5	13	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	5	14	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	5	15	elements	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	5	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	6	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	6	2	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ggj-4131	6	3	undermines	undermine	VERB
ggj-4131	6	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	6	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ggj-4131	6	6	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	6	7	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	6	8	process	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	6	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	6	10	hinders	hinder	VERB
ggj-4131	6	11	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	6	12	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	6	13	ability	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	6	14	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	6	15	solve	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	6	16	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	6	17	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	6	18	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	6	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	7	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	7	2	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	7	3	frequently	frequently	ADV
ggj-4131	7	4	forced	force	VERB
ggj-4131	7	5	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	7	6	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	7	7	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	7	8	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	7	9	independently	independently	ADV
ggj-4131	7	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	7	11	as	as	SCONJ
ggj-4131	7	12	existing	exist	VERB
ggj-4131	7	13	resources	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	7	14	provide	provide	VERB
ggj-4131	7	15	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ggj-4131	7	16	support	support	NOUN
ggj-4131	7	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	8	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	8	2	article	article	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	3	presents	present	VERB
ggj-4131	8	4	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	8	5	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ggj-4131	8	6	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	7	designed	design	VERB
ggj-4131	8	8	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	8	9	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	8	10	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	8	11	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	12	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	13	using	use	VERB
ggj-4131	8	14	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	15	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	8	16	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	8	17	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	18	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	8	19	pbl	pbl	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	20	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	8	21	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ggj-4131	8	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	9	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	9	2	article	article	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	3	describes	describe	VERB
ggj-4131	9	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	9	5	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	6	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	7	process	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	9	9	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	9	11	tools	tool	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	12	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	9	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	9	14	presents	present	VERB
ggj-4131	9	15	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	9	18	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	9	20	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	9	21	offers	offer	VERB
ggj-4131	9	22	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	23	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	9	24	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	25	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	9	26	educators	educator	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	27	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	9	28	improving	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	9	29	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	30	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	9	31	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	9	32	area	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	9	33	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	10	1	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	2	framework	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	10	3	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	10	4	effective	effective	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	5	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	6	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	10	7	requires	require	VERB
ggj-4131	10	8	robust	robust	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	9	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	10	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ggj-4131	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	10	12	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	10	13	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	10	14	cultivating	cultivate	VERB
ggj-4131	10	15	complex	complex	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	16	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	10	17	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	18	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	10	19	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	10	20	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	10	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	11	2	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	3	relies	rely	VERB
ggj-4131	11	4	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	11	5	three	three	NUM
ggj-4131	11	6	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	11	7	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ggj-4131	11	8	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	9	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	10	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	11	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	12	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	11	13	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	14	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	15	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	11	16	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	17	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	18	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	11	19	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	11	20	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	21	framework	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	22	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	11	23	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	11	24	designbased	designbase	VERB
ggj-4131	11	25	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	11	26	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	12	1	georgian	georgian	ADJ
ggj-4131	12	2	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	12	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ggj-4131	12	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	12	5	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	12	7	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	12	8	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	12	9	58	58	NUM
ggj-4131	12	10	-	-	SYM
ggj-4131	12	11	67	67	NUM
ggj-4131	12	12	©	©	ADP
ggj-4131	12	13	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	12	14	author(s	author(s	NOUN
ggj-4131	12	15	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	12	16	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	13	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	13	2	article	article	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	3	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	13	4	an	an	DET
ggj-4131	13	5	open	open	ADJ
ggj-4131	13	6	access	access	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	7	article	article	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
ggj-4131	13	9	under	under	ADP
ggj-4131	13	10	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	13	11	terms	term	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	13	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	14	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	13	15	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	13	16	creative	creative	ADJ
ggj-4131	13	17	commons	common	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	18	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	19	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	13	20	cc	cc	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	21	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	13	22	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	13	23	license	license	NOUN
ggj-4131	13	24	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	13	25	https://	https://	PROPN
ggj-4131	13	26	creativecommons.org/licenses/by/	creativecommons.org/licenses/by/	PROPN
ggj-4131	13	27	4.0/	4.0/	NUM
ggj-4131	13	28	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	13	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	14	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	2	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	14	3	https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/ggj	https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/ggj	X
ggj-4131	14	4	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ggj-4131	14	5	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	6	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	14	7	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	14	8	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	14	10	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	11	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	14	12	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	14	13	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	14	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	14	15	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ggj-4131	14	16	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	17	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	14	18	modern	modern	ADJ
ggj-4131	14	19	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	14	20	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	14	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	15	1	while	while	SCONJ
ggj-4131	15	2	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	15	3	georgian	georgian	ADJ
ggj-4131	15	4	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	15	5	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
ggj-4131	15	6	emphasises	emphasise	VERB
ggj-4131	15	7	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	15	8	representations	representation	NOUN
ggj-4131	15	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	15	10	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	15	11	perception	perception	NOUN
ggj-4131	15	12	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	15	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	15	14	significant	significant	ADJ
ggj-4131	15	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	15	16	exist	exist	VERB
ggj-4131	15	17	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	15	18	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	15	19	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	15	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ggj-4131	15	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	16	1	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	16	2	often	often	ADV
ggj-4131	16	3	lack	lack	VERB
ggj-4131	16	4	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	16	5	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	16	6	engage	engage	VERB
ggj-4131	16	7	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	16	8	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	16	9	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	16	10	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	16	11	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	16	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	16	13	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	16	14	argumentative	argumentative	ADJ
ggj-4131	16	15	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	16	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	17	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	17	2	article	article	NOUN
ggj-4131	17	3	presents	present	VERB
ggj-4131	17	4	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	17	5	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	17	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
ggj-4131	17	7	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	17	8	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	17	9	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ggj-4131	17	10	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	17	11	grade	grade	NOUN
ggj-4131	17	12	class	class	NOUN
ggj-4131	17	13	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	17	14	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	17	15	tbilisi	tbilisi	ADJ
ggj-4131	17	16	public	public	ADJ
ggj-4131	17	17	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	17	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	18	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	18	2	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	3	aimed	aim	VERB
ggj-4131	18	4	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	18	5	improve	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	18	6	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	7	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	18	8	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	18	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	18	11	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	12	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	18	13	making	making	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	14	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	15	using	use	VERB
ggj-4131	18	16	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	18	17	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	18	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	18	19	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	18	20	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	21	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	18	22	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	18	23	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	18	24	model	model	NOUN
ggj-4131	18	25	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	19	1	five	five	NUM
ggj-4131	19	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	3	addressed	address	VERB
ggj-4131	19	4	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	19	5	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	19	6	situations	situation	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	19	8	including	include	VERB
ggj-4131	19	9	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	10	planning	planning	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	19	12	protected	protect	VERB
ggj-4131	19	13	area	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	14	selection	selection	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	19	16	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	19	17	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	18	placement	placement	NOUN
ggj-4131	19	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	20	1	results	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	2	showed	show	VERB
ggj-4131	20	3	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	20	4	targeted	target	VERB
ggj-4131	20	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	20	6	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	20	7	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	8	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	20	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	20	10	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
ggj-4131	20	12	improved	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	20	13	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	14	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	20	15	abilities	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	16	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	20	17	read	read	VERB
ggj-4131	20	18	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	20	20	recognise	recognise	VERB
ggj-4131	20	21	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	20	22	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	23	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	20	24	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	20	25	make	make	VERB
ggj-4131	20	26	rational	rational	ADJ
ggj-4131	20	27	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	20	28	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	21	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ggj-4131	21	2	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	21	4	certain	certain	ADJ
ggj-4131	21	5	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	6	persisted	persist	VERB
ggj-4131	21	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	21	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	21	9	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	21	10	aligning	align	VERB
ggj-4131	21	11	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	12	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	21	13	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	14	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	21	15	actual	actual	ADJ
ggj-4131	21	16	performance	performance	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	21	18	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	21	19	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	21	20	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	21	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	21	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	22	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	22	2	article	article	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	3	examines	examine	VERB
ggj-4131	22	4	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	5	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	22	6	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	7	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	22	8	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	22	10	identifying	identify	VERB
ggj-4131	22	11	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	12	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	22	13	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ggj-4131	22	14	practice	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	15	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	22	16	either	either	CCONJ
ggj-4131	22	17	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ggj-4131	22	18	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	22	19	hinder	hinder	VERB
ggj-4131	22	20	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	22	21	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	22	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	22	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	2	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	3	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	23	4	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	6	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	23	7	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	9	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	10	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	11	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	23	12	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	14	standard	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	16	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	17	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	19	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	20	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	21	citation	citation	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	22	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	23	ratiani	ratiani	PROPN
ggj-4131	23	24	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	25	m.	m.	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	26	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	27	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	28	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	29	m.	m.	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	30	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	23	31	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	32	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	23	33	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	23	34	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	35	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	36	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	37	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	23	38	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	39	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	23	40	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	23	41	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	23	42	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	23	43	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	23	44	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	24	1	georgian	georgian	PROPN
ggj-4131	24	2	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	24	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ggj-4131	24	4	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	24	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	24	6	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	24	7	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	24	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	24	9	58	58	NUM
ggj-4131	24	10	-	-	SYM
ggj-4131	24	11	67	67	NUM
ggj-4131	24	12	https://doi.org/10.52340/ggj.2025.05.02.10	https://doi.org/10.52340/ggj.2025.05.02.10	NOUN
ggj-4131	24	13	ratiani	ratiani	PROPN
ggj-4131	24	14	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	24	15	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	24	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	25	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	25	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	25	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	25	4	59	59	NUM
ggj-4131	25	5	1	1	NUM
ggj-4131	25	6	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	25	7	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	25	8	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	25	9	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	25	10	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	25	11	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	25	12	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	25	13	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	25	14	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	25	15	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	25	16	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	25	17	constructivist	constructivist	ADJ
ggj-4131	25	18	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	25	19	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	25	20	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	25	21	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	25	22	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	25	23	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	25	24	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	25	25	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	25	26	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
ggj-4131	25	27	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	25	28	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	1	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	26	2	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	26	3	model	model	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	5	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	26	6	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	7	becomes	become	VERB
ggj-4131	26	8	an	an	DET
ggj-4131	26	9	active	active	ADJ
ggj-4131	26	10	learner	learner	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	11	who	who	PRON
ggj-4131	26	12	tries	try	VERB
ggj-4131	26	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	26	14	define	define	VERB
ggj-4131	26	15	issues	issue	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	17	find	find	VERB
ggj-4131	26	18	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	20	analyze	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	26	21	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	22	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ggj-4131	26	23	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	24	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	26	25	solve	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	26	26	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	27	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	28	barrows	barrow	NOUN
ggj-4131	26	29	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	30	1986	1986	NUM
ggj-4131	26	31	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	26	32	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	27	1	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	27	2	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	27	3	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	27	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	27	5	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	27	6	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	27	7	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	27	8	effective	effective	ADJ
ggj-4131	27	9	because	because	SCONJ
ggj-4131	27	10	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	27	11	allows	allow	VERB
ggj-4131	27	12	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	27	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	27	14	consider	consider	VERB
ggj-4131	27	15	realworld	realworld	PROPN
ggj-4131	27	16	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	27	17	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	27	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	1	2	2	X
ggj-4131	28	2	.	.	X
ggj-4131	28	3	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	28	4	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	5	framework	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	6	gersmehl	gersmehl	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	7	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	28	8	gersmehl	gersmehl	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	9	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	10	2011	2011	NUM
ggj-4131	28	11	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	12	propose	propose	VERB
ggj-4131	28	13	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	28	14	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	28	15	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	16	model	model	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	17	consisting	consist	VERB
ggj-4131	28	18	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	28	19	seven	seven	NUM
ggj-4131	28	20	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	21	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	22	identifying	identify	VERB
ggj-4131	28	23	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	24	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	25	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	28	26	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	28	27	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	28	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	29	explaining	explain	VERB
ggj-4131	28	30	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	31	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	32	understanding	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	28	33	movement	movement	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	34	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	35	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	36	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ggj-4131	28	37	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	38	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	39	comparing	compare	VERB
ggj-4131	28	40	regions	region	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	41	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	28	42	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	28	43	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	28	44	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	28	45	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	29	1	using	use	VERB
ggj-4131	29	2	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	29	3	framework	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	29	4	allows	allow	VERB
ggj-4131	29	5	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	29	6	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	29	7	conduct	conduct	VERB
ggj-4131	29	8	structured	structured	ADJ
ggj-4131	29	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	29	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	29	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	30	1	3	3	X
ggj-4131	30	2	.	.	X
ggj-4131	30	3	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	4	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	5	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	30	6	dbr	dbr	PROPN
ggj-4131	30	7	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	30	8	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	30	9	one	one	NUM
ggj-4131	30	10	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	30	11	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	30	12	most	most	ADV
ggj-4131	30	13	promising	promising	ADJ
ggj-4131	30	14	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	15	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	30	16	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	17	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	30	19	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	30	20	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	30	21	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	30	22	goal	goal	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	23	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	30	24	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	30	25	solve	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	30	26	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	30	27	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	30	28	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	30	29	improve	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	30	30	teaching	teach	VERB
ggj-4131	30	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	31	1	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	31	2	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	31	3	arthur	arthur	PROPN
ggj-4131	31	4	bakker	bakker	PROPN
ggj-4131	31	5	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	31	6	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	31	7	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	31	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	31	9	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	31	10	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	31	11	has	have	VERB
ggj-4131	31	12	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	31	13	clear	clear	ADJ
ggj-4131	31	14	structure	structure	NOUN
ggj-4131	31	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	31	16	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ggj-4131	31	17	basis	basis	NOUN
ggj-4131	31	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	31	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	31	20	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	31	21	purpose	purpose	NOUN
ggj-4131	31	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	32	1	key	key	ADJ
ggj-4131	32	2	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	32	4	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	5	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	6	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	32	7	bakker	bakker	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	32	9	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	32	10	):	):	PUNCT
ggj-4131	32	11	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	32	12	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	13	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	32	14	oriented	orient	VERB
ggj-4131	32	15	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	16	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	32	17	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	18	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	19	begins	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	32	20	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	32	21	identifying	identify	VERB
ggj-4131	32	22	urgent	urgent	ADJ
ggj-4131	32	23	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	32	24	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	32	25	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	33	1	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	33	2	seeks	seek	VERB
ggj-4131	33	3	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	33	4	solve	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	33	5	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	33	6	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	33	7	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	33	8	innovative	innovative	ADJ
ggj-4131	33	9	means	mean	NOUN
ggj-4131	33	10	rather	rather	ADV
ggj-4131	33	11	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	33	12	merely	merely	ADV
ggj-4131	33	13	describing	describe	VERB
ggj-4131	33	14	existing	exist	VERB
ggj-4131	33	15	practices	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	33	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	34	1	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	34	2	interconnection	interconnection	NOUN
ggj-4131	34	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	34	4	theory	theory	NOUN
ggj-4131	34	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	34	6	practice	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	34	7	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	34	8	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	34	9	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ggj-4131	34	10	integrates	integrate	VERB
ggj-4131	34	11	theory	theory	NOUN
ggj-4131	34	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	34	13	practice	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	34	14	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	35	1	products	product	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	2	developed	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	35	3	during	during	ADP
ggj-4131	35	4	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	5	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	35	6	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	35	7	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	35	9	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	35	11	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	12	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	35	13	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	35	14	built	build	VERB
ggj-4131	35	15	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	35	16	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ggj-4131	35	17	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	18	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	35	19	enrich	enrich	VERB
ggj-4131	35	20	theory	theory	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	21	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	35	22	return	return	NOUN
ggj-4131	35	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	36	1	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	36	2	interventionist	interventionist	ADJ
ggj-4131	36	3	nature	nature	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	4	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	36	5	innovative	innovative	ADJ
ggj-4131	36	6	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	7	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	36	8	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	9	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	10	involves	involve	VERB
ggj-4131	36	11	creating	create	VERB
ggj-4131	36	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	36	13	testing	testing	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	14	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	15	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	36	16	improve	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	36	17	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	36	18	environments	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	36	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	37	1	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	37	2	can	can	AUX
ggj-4131	37	3	include	include	VERB
ggj-4131	37	4	new	new	ADJ
ggj-4131	37	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ggj-4131	37	6	methods	method	NOUN
ggj-4131	37	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	37	8	structured	structured	ADJ
ggj-4131	37	9	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	37	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	37	11	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	37	12	technological	technological	ADJ
ggj-4131	37	13	tools	tool	NOUN
ggj-4131	37	14	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	38	1	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	38	2	iterative	iterative	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	3	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	4	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	38	5	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	38	6	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	7	process	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	8	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	38	9	characterized	characterize	VERB
ggj-4131	38	10	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	38	11	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	38	12	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	13	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	38	14	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	15	creation	creation	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	38	17	testing	testing	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	38	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	38	21	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	38	22	revision	revision	NOUN
ggj-4131	38	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	39	1	this	this	PRON
ggj-4131	39	2	enables	enable	VERB
ggj-4131	39	3	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ggj-4131	39	4	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ggj-4131	39	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	39	6	refinement	refinement	NOUN
ggj-4131	39	7	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	39	8	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	39	9	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ggj-4131	39	10	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	40	1	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	40	2	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	40	3	bakker	bakker	PROPN
ggj-4131	40	4	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	40	5	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	40	7	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	8	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	9	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	40	10	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	40	11	rich	rich	ADJ
ggj-4131	40	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	40	13	theoretically	theoretically	ADV
ggj-4131	40	14	grounded	ground	VERB
ggj-4131	40	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	40	16	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	40	17	practiceoriented	practiceoriente	VERB
ggj-4131	40	18	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	19	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	40	20	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	40	21	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	40	22	powerful	powerful	ADJ
ggj-4131	40	23	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	40	24	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	40	25	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	26	inadequately	inadequately	ADV
ggj-4131	40	27	support	support	VERB
ggj-4131	40	28	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	29	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	40	30	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	40	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	41	1	during	during	ADP
ggj-4131	41	2	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	41	3	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	41	5	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	41	6	three	three	NUM
ggj-4131	41	7	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	41	8	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	41	9	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	41	10	interactively	interactively	ADV
ggj-4131	41	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	42	1	literature	literature	PROPN
ggj-4131	42	2	review	review	PROPN
ggj-4131	42	3	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	42	4	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	42	5	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	6	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	42	7	solving	solving	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	8	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	42	9	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	42	10	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	11	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	12	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	42	13	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	14	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	42	15	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ggj-4131	42	16	recognized	recognize	VERB
ggj-4131	42	17	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	42	18	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	42	19	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ggj-4131	42	20	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	21	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	42	22	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	23	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	24	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	42	25	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	42	26	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	42	27	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	42	28	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	42	29	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	30	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	42	31	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	42	32	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	42	33	enables	enable	VERB
ggj-4131	42	34	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	35	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	42	36	engage	engage	VERB
ggj-4131	42	37	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	42	38	critical	critical	ADJ
ggj-4131	42	39	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	40	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	42	41	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
ggj-4131	42	42	about	about	ADP
ggj-4131	42	43	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	42	44	environment	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	42	45	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	1	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
ggj-4131	43	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	43	4	importance	importance	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	5	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	43	6	creating	create	VERB
ggj-4131	43	7	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	43	8	experiences	experience	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	9	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	43	10	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	43	11	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	43	12	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	43	13	age	age	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	14	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	15	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	43	16	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	43	17	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	43	18	address	address	VERB
ggj-4131	43	19	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	20	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	43	21	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	43	22	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	23	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	43	24	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	25	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	26	bakker	bakker	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	27	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	28	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	43	29	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	30	buckley	buckley	NOUN
ggj-4131	43	31	et	et	PROPN
ggj-4131	43	32	al	al	PROPN
ggj-4131	43	33	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	43	34	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	35	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	43	36	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	43	37	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	1	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	2	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	3	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	4	begins	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	44	5	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	44	6	early	early	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	7	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	8	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	44	9	topological	topological	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	10	concepts	concept	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	11	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	12	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ggj-4131	44	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	14	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	15	near	near	ADV
ggj-4131	44	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	17	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	18	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	19	inside	inside	ADV
ggj-4131	44	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	21	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	22	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	23	around	around	ADP
ggj-4131	44	24	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	25	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	26	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	44	27	gradually	gradually	ADV
ggj-4131	44	28	progresses	progress	VERB
ggj-4131	44	29	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	44	30	more	more	ADV
ggj-4131	44	31	complex	complex	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	32	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	33	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	34	projective	projective	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	35	concepts	concept	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	36	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	44	37	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	44	38	scale	scale	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	39	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	40	symbols	symbol	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	41	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	44	42	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	44	43	coordinates	coordinate	NOUN
ggj-4131	44	44	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	1	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	2	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	45	3	national	national	PROPN
ggj-4131	45	4	geographic	geographic	PROPN
ggj-4131	45	5	shows	show	VERB
ggj-4131	45	6	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	45	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	45	8	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	9	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	10	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	11	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	45	12	grades	grade	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	13	ii	ii	PROPN
ggj-4131	45	14	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	15	iv	iv	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	16	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	17	begin	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	45	18	understanding	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	45	19	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	20	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	45	21	still	still	ADV
ggj-4131	45	22	need	need	VERB
ggj-4131	45	23	support	support	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	24	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	45	25	interpreting	interpret	VERB
ggj-4131	45	26	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	45	27	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	28	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	45	29	symbols	symbol	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	30	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	31	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	45	32	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	45	33	society	society	NOUN
ggj-4131	45	34	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	35	2016	2016	NUM
ggj-4131	45	36	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	45	37	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	46	1	cognitively	cognitively	ADV
ggj-4131	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	46	3	buckley	buckley	PROPN
ggj-4131	46	4	et	et	PROPN
ggj-4131	46	5	al	al	PROPN
ggj-4131	46	6	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	47	1	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	2	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	47	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	4	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ggj-4131	47	5	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	47	6	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	47	7	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	8	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	47	9	multifactorial	multifactorial	ADJ
ggj-4131	47	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	47	11	include	include	VERB
ggj-4131	47	12	visualization	visualization	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	14	orientation	orientation	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	16	mental	mental	ADJ
ggj-4131	47	17	rotation	rotation	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	47	20	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	47	21	perception	perception	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	22	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	23	all	all	PRON
ggj-4131	47	24	directly	directly	ADV
ggj-4131	47	25	related	relate	VERB
ggj-4131	47	26	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	47	27	academic	academic	ADJ
ggj-4131	47	28	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	29	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	47	30	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	47	31	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	47	32	stem	stem	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	33	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
ggj-4131	47	34	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	48	1	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	48	2	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	3	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	48	4	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	48	5	targeted	target	VERB
ggj-4131	48	6	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	7	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	48	8	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	9	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	48	10	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	48	11	understanding	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	48	12	directions	direction	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	48	14	creating	create	VERB
ggj-4131	48	15	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	48	17	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	48	18	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	48	19	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	20	about	about	ADP
ggj-4131	48	21	specific	specific	ADJ
ggj-4131	48	22	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	48	23	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	24	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	48	25	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	48	26	directly	directly	ADV
ggj-4131	48	27	aligns	align	VERB
ggj-4131	48	28	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	48	29	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	48	30	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	31	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	32	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ggj-4131	48	33	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	1	fiveable	fiveable	ADJ
ggj-4131	49	2	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	3	2024	2024	NUM
ggj-4131	49	4	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	5	clearly	clearly	ADV
ggj-4131	49	6	states	state	VERB
ggj-4131	49	7	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	49	8	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	49	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	10	extends	extend	VERB
ggj-4131	49	11	beyond	beyond	ADP
ggj-4131	49	12	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	13	reading	reading	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	14	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	49	15	encompass	encompass	VERB
ggj-4131	49	16	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	49	17	full	full	ADJ
ggj-4131	49	18	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	19	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	49	20	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	49	21	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	22	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	23	asking	ask	VERB
ggj-4131	49	24	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	49	25	questions	question	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	26	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	27	acquiring	acquire	VERB
ggj-4131	49	28	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	49	29	organizing	organize	VERB
ggj-4131	49	30	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	31	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	32	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	49	33	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	34	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	49	35	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	49	36	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	49	37	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ggj-4131	49	38	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	49	39	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	50	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	50	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	3	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	50	4	compatible	compatible	ADJ
ggj-4131	50	5	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	50	6	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	7	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	50	8	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	50	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	10	models	model	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	11	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	50	12	promote	promote	VERB
ggj-4131	50	13	active	active	ADJ
ggj-4131	50	14	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	16	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	50	17	encourage	encourage	VERB
ggj-4131	50	18	thinking	think	VERB
ggj-4131	50	19	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	50	20	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	51	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
ggj-4131	51	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	51	3	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	51	4	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	51	5	remains	remains	AUX
ggj-4131	51	6	incompletely	incompletely	ADV
ggj-4131	51	7	integrated	integrate	VERB
ggj-4131	51	8	into	into	ADP
ggj-4131	51	9	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	51	10	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	51	11	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	51	12	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	52	1	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	52	2	often	often	ADV
ggj-4131	52	3	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ggj-4131	52	4	memorizing	memorize	VERB
ggj-4131	52	5	facts	fact	NOUN
ggj-4131	52	6	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	52	7	technical	technical	ADJ
ggj-4131	52	8	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	52	9	reading	read	VERB
ggj-4131	52	10	rather	rather	ADV
ggj-4131	52	11	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	52	12	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	52	13	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	52	14	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	52	15	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	52	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	53	1	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	53	2	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	53	3	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	4	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	53	5	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	53	6	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	7	can	can	AUX
ggj-4131	53	8	address	address	VERB
ggj-4131	53	9	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	53	10	gap	gap	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	53	12	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	53	13	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	53	14	linking	link	VERB
ggj-4131	53	15	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	16	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	53	17	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	53	18	needs	need	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	19	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	53	20	evolving	evolve	VERB
ggj-4131	53	21	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	23	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	53	24	bakker	bakker	NOUN
ggj-4131	53	25	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	53	26	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	53	27	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	53	28	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	54	1	ratiani	ratiani	PROPN
ggj-4131	54	2	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	54	3	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	54	4	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	55	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	55	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	55	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	55	4	60	60	NUM
ggj-4131	55	5	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	55	6	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	7	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	8	focused	focus	VERB
ggj-4131	55	9	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	55	10	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	55	11	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	12	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	55	13	solving	solving	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	14	requires	require	VERB
ggj-4131	55	15	both	both	PRON
ggj-4131	55	16	recognizing	recognize	VERB
ggj-4131	55	17	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	55	18	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	55	20	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	55	21	potential	potential	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	22	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	55	23	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	55	24	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	25	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	55	26	implementing	implement	VERB
ggj-4131	55	27	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	28	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	55	29	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	55	30	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ggj-4131	55	31	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	55	32	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	56	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	56	2	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	56	4	various	various	ADJ
ggj-4131	56	5	academic	academic	ADJ
ggj-4131	56	6	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	7	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	56	8	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	56	9	psychology	psychology	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	56	11	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	56	12	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	56	14	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	56	15	practice	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	16	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	56	17	creates	create	VERB
ggj-4131	56	18	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	56	19	solid	solid	ADJ
ggj-4131	56	20	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	21	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	56	22	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	56	23	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	56	24	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	25	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	56	26	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	27	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	56	28	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	56	29	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	30	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	56	31	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	56	32	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	57	1	methods	method	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	2	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	57	3	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	4	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	57	5	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	6	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	57	7	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	57	8	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	57	9	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	10	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	57	11	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	57	12	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	13	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	57	14	dbr	dbr	PROPN
ggj-4131	57	15	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	57	16	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	17	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	57	18	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	57	19	aims	aim	VERB
ggj-4131	57	20	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	57	21	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	57	22	innovative	innovative	ADJ
ggj-4131	57	23	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	57	24	practices	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	25	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	57	26	test	test	VERB
ggj-4131	57	27	them	they	PRON
ggj-4131	57	28	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	57	29	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	57	30	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ggj-4131	57	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	1	dbr	dbr	NOUN
ggj-4131	58	2	involves	involve	VERB
ggj-4131	58	3	cyclical	cyclical	ADJ
ggj-4131	58	4	planning	planning	NOUN
ggj-4131	58	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ggj-4131	58	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	8	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	58	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	58	11	redesign	redesign	NOUN
ggj-4131	58	12	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	58	13	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	58	14	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	58	15	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	16	anderson	anderson	PROPN
ggj-4131	58	17	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	58	18	shattuck	shattuck	PROPN
ggj-4131	58	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	20	2012	2012	NUM
ggj-4131	58	21	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	58	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	59	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	59	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	59	3	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	59	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	59	5	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	59	6	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	59	7	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	59	8	complex	complex	ADJ
ggj-4131	59	9	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	59	10	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	59	11	resource	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	59	12	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	59	13	limited	limit	VERB
ggj-4131	59	14	conditions	condition	NOUN
ggj-4131	59	15	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	60	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	60	2	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	60	3	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	60	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ggj-4131	60	5	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	60	6	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	60	7	academic	academic	ADJ
ggj-4131	60	8	year	year	NOUN
ggj-4131	60	9	2024	2024	NUM
ggj-4131	60	10	-	-	SYM
ggj-4131	60	11	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	60	12	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	60	13	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	60	14	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ggj-4131	60	15	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	60	16	grade	grade	NOUN
ggj-4131	60	17	class	class	NOUN
ggj-4131	60	18	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	60	19	tbilisi	tbilisi	ADJ
ggj-4131	60	20	public	public	ADJ
ggj-4131	60	21	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	60	22	no	no	INTJ
ggj-4131	60	23	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	60	24	51	51	NUM
ggj-4131	60	25	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	60	26	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	60	27	23	23	NUM
ggj-4131	60	28	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	60	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	61	1	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	61	2	maia	maia	PROPN
ggj-4131	61	3	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	61	4	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	61	5	involved	involve	VERB
ggj-4131	61	6	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	61	7	an	an	DET
ggj-4131	61	8	equal	equal	ADJ
ggj-4131	61	9	partner	partner	NOUN
ggj-4131	61	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	61	11	active	active	ADJ
ggj-4131	61	12	observer	observer	NOUN
ggj-4131	61	13	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	62	1	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	62	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	62	3	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	62	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	62	5	training	training	NOUN
ggj-4131	62	6	programme	programme	NOUN
ggj-4131	62	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	62	8	mariam	mariam	PROPN
ggj-4131	62	9	gagua	gagua	PROPN
ggj-4131	62	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	62	11	keso	keso	NOUN
ggj-4131	62	12	kankia	kankia	PROPN
ggj-4131	62	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	62	14	conducted	conduct	VERB
ggj-4131	62	15	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	62	16	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	62	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	63	1	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	3	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	4	proved	prove	VERB
ggj-4131	63	5	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	63	6	effective	effective	ADJ
ggj-4131	63	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	63	8	as	as	SCONJ
ggj-4131	63	9	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	10	felt	feel	VERB
ggj-4131	63	11	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ
ggj-4131	63	12	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	63	13	younger	young	ADJ
ggj-4131	63	14	facilitators	facilitator	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	63	16	experienced	experience	VERB
ggj-4131	63	17	less	less	ADJ
ggj-4131	63	18	stress	stress	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	63	20	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	63	21	could	could	AUX
ggj-4131	63	22	ask	ask	VERB
ggj-4131	63	23	questions	question	NOUN
ggj-4131	63	24	freely	freely	ADV
ggj-4131	63	25	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	64	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	64	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	64	3	promotes	promote	VERB
ggj-4131	64	4	more	more	ADV
ggj-4131	64	5	active	active	ADJ
ggj-4131	64	6	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	64	7	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ggj-4131	64	8	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	64	9	reduces	reduce	VERB
ggj-4131	64	10	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ggj-4131	64	11	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	64	12	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	64	13	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	64	14	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	64	15	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	1	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	2	collection	collection	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	65	4	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	5	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	65	6	included	include	VERB
ggj-4131	65	7	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	8	o	o	PROPN
ggj-4131	65	9	standard	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	65	11	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	13	o	o	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	15	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	65	16	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	17	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	18	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	19	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	21	tables	table	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	22	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	23	arguments	argument	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	24	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	65	25	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	26	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	27	o	o	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	28	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	29	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	30	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	31	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	32	forms	form	VERB
ggj-4131	65	33	o	o	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	34	interviews	interview	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	35	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	65	36	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	65	37	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	38	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	39	design	design	VERB
ggj-4131	65	40	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	65	41	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	42	included	include	VERB
ggj-4131	65	43	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	65	44	following	follow	VERB
ggj-4131	65	45	structure	structure	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	46	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	47	shown	show	VERB
ggj-4131	65	48	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	65	49	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	65	50	scheme	scheme	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	51	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	65	52	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	53	included	include	VERB
ggj-4131	65	54	five	five	NUM
ggj-4131	65	55	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	56	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	57	each	each	PRON
ggj-4131	65	58	planned	plan	VERB
ggj-4131	65	59	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	65	60	three	three	NUM
ggj-4131	65	61	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	65	62	week	week	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	63	intervals	interval	NOUN
ggj-4131	65	64	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	66	1	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	66	2	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	3	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	66	4	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	66	5	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	66	6	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	66	7	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	66	8	model	model	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	66	10	represented	represent	VERB
ggj-4131	66	11	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	66	12	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	13	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	66	14	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	66	15	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	66	16	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	66	17	contexts	contexts	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	66	19	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	66	20	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	66	21	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	66	22	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	66	23	planning	plan	VERB
ggj-4131	66	24	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	66	25	prototype	prototype	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	26	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	27	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	28	selecting	select	VERB
ggj-4131	66	29	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	66	30	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	31	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	66	32	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	66	33	protected	protect	VERB
ggj-4131	66	34	area	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	35	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	36	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	66	37	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	38	placement	placement	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	39	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	66	40	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	41	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	66	42	clinic	clinic	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	43	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	66	44	•	•	ADP
ggj-4131	66	45	assessing	assess	VERB
ggj-4131	66	46	natural	natural	ADJ
ggj-4131	66	47	disaster	disaster	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	48	risk	risk	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	49	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	66	50	planning	planning	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	51	routes	route	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	52	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	53	planning	plan	VERB
ggj-4131	66	54	recreational	recreational	ADJ
ggj-4131	66	55	zones	zone	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	56	considering	consider	VERB
ggj-4131	66	57	residents	resident	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	58	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	66	59	interests	interest	NOUN
ggj-4131	66	60	figure	figure	VERB
ggj-4131	66	61	1	1	NUM
ggj-4131	66	62	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	67	1	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	67	2	elements	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	67	3	ratiani	ratiani	PROPN
ggj-4131	67	4	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	67	5	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	67	6	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	68	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	68	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	68	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	68	4	61	61	NUM
ggj-4131	68	5	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	7	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	9	divided	divide	VERB
ggj-4131	68	10	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	11	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	68	12	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	68	13	three	three	NUM
ggj-4131	68	14	main	main	ADJ
ggj-4131	68	15	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	16	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	68	17	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	68	18	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	19	reading	reading	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	20	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	68	21	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	68	22	identification	identification	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	23	ability	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	24	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	25	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	68	26	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	27	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	68	28	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	68	29	ability	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	30	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	31	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	32	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	68	33	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	34	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	68	35	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	36	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	37	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	68	38	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ggj-4131	68	39	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	40	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	41	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	68	42	conducted	conduct	VERB
ggj-4131	68	43	using	use	VERB
ggj-4131	68	44	excel	excel	NOUN
ggj-4131	68	45	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	69	1	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	69	2	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	69	3	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	69	4	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
ggj-4131	69	5	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	69	6	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	69	7	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	69	8	rubric	rubric	ADJ
ggj-4131	69	9	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	69	10	satisfactory	satisfactory	ADJ
ggj-4131	69	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	69	12	partially	partially	ADV
ggj-4131	69	13	improved	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	69	14	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	69	15	incompetent	incompetent	ADJ
ggj-4131	69	16	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	69	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	69	18	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	69	19	after	after	ADP
ggj-4131	69	20	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	69	21	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	69	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	70	1	participant	participant	ADJ
ggj-4131	70	2	selection	selection	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	3	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	70	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	5	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	70	6	note	note	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	7	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	70	8	sample	sample	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	9	size	size	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	10	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	70	11	while	while	SCONJ
ggj-4131	70	12	23	23	NUM
ggj-4131	70	13	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	14	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	70	15	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	70	16	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	70	17	class	class	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	70	19	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	70	20	9	9	NUM
ggj-4131	70	21	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	22	attended	attend	VERB
ggj-4131	70	23	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	70	24	five	five	NUM
ggj-4131	70	25	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	26	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	70	27	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	70	28	included	include	VERB
ggj-4131	70	29	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	70	30	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	70	31	final	final	ADJ
ggj-4131	70	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	70	33	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	71	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	71	2	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	3	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	71	4	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ggj-4131	71	5	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	71	6	maintain	maintain	VERB
ggj-4131	71	7	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	8	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	71	10	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	71	11	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	71	12	cyclical	cyclical	ADJ
ggj-4131	71	13	nature	nature	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	14	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	71	15	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	71	16	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	17	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	71	18	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	71	19	participation	participation	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	20	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	71	21	track	track	VERB
ggj-4131	71	22	skill	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	23	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	24	progression	progression	NOUN
ggj-4131	71	25	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	72	1	absenteeism	absenteeism	NOUN
ggj-4131	72	2	poses	pose	VERB
ggj-4131	72	3	particular	particular	ADJ
ggj-4131	72	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	72	5	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	72	6	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	72	7	age	age	NOUN
ggj-4131	72	8	group	group	NOUN
ggj-4131	72	9	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	72	10	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ggj-4131	72	11	graders	grader	NOUN
ggj-4131	72	12	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	72	13	as	as	SCONJ
ggj-4131	72	14	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	72	15	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	72	16	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	72	17	yet	yet	ADV
ggj-4131	72	18	independent	independent	ADJ
ggj-4131	72	19	learners	learner	NOUN
ggj-4131	72	20	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	73	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ggj-4131	73	2	older	old	ADJ
ggj-4131	73	3	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	73	5	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ggj-4131	73	6	graders	grader	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	7	can	can	AUX
ggj-4131	73	8	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	73	9	effectively	effectively	ADV
ggj-4131	73	10	review	review	VERB
ggj-4131	73	11	missed	miss	VERB
ggj-4131	73	12	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	73	13	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	14	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	15	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	73	16	home	home	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	17	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	73	18	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	73	19	since	since	SCONJ
ggj-4131	73	20	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	73	21	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	22	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	73	23	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	73	24	part	part	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	25	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	73	26	licensed	licensed	ADJ
ggj-4131	73	27	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	73	28	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	74	2	hands	hand	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	3	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	4	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	6	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
ggj-4131	74	7	nature	nature	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	8	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	74	9	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	74	10	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	11	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	12	involving	involve	VERB
ggj-4131	74	13	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	14	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	16	group	group	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	17	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	74	20	guided	guide	VERB
ggj-4131	74	21	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	22	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	23	solving	solving	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	24	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	74	25	cannot	cannot	ADV
ggj-4131	74	26	be	be	AUX
ggj-4131	74	27	replicated	replicate	VERB
ggj-4131	74	28	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	74	29	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ggj-4131	74	30	homework	homework	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	31	assignments	assignment	NOUN
ggj-4131	74	32	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	75	1	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	2	who	who	PRON
ggj-4131	75	3	missed	miss	VERB
ggj-4131	75	4	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	5	lacked	lack	VERB
ggj-4131	75	6	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	75	7	foundational	foundational	ADJ
ggj-4131	75	8	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	9	needed	need	VERB
ggj-4131	75	10	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	75	11	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ggj-4131	75	12	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	75	14	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	75	15	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	75	16	methodologically	methodologically	ADV
ggj-4131	75	17	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	75	18	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	75	19	include	include	VERB
ggj-4131	75	20	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
ggj-4131	75	21	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	22	sets	set	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	23	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	75	24	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	75	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	75	26	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	76	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	76	2	limitation	limitation	NOUN
ggj-4131	76	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ggj-4131	76	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	76	5	importance	importance	NOUN
ggj-4131	76	6	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	76	7	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	76	8	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ggj-4131	76	9	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	76	10	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
ggj-4131	76	11	skill	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	76	12	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	76	13	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	76	14	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	76	15	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	76	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	77	1	ethical	ethical	ADJ
ggj-4131	77	2	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ggj-4131	77	3	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	77	4	parental	parental	ADJ
ggj-4131	77	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	77	6	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	77	7	agreement	agreement	NOUN
ggj-4131	77	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	77	9	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	77	10	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	77	11	participated	participate	VERB
ggj-4131	77	12	anonymously	anonymously	ADV
ggj-4131	77	13	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	78	1	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	78	2	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	78	3	contain	contain	VERB
ggj-4131	78	4	no	no	DET
ggj-4131	78	5	names	name	NOUN
ggj-4131	78	6	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	78	7	strictly	strictly	ADV
ggj-4131	78	8	adhere	adhere	ADJ
ggj-4131	78	9	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	78	10	confidentiality	confidentiality	NOUN
ggj-4131	78	11	principles	principle	NOUN
ggj-4131	78	12	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	79	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	79	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	79	3	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	79	4	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	79	5	received	receive	VERB
ggj-4131	79	6	summarized	summarize	VERB
ggj-4131	79	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	79	8	results	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	79	9	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	2	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	80	3	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	4	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	80	5	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	6	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	80	7	georgian	georgian	ADJ
ggj-4131	80	8	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	80	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	10	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	11	moe	moe	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	13	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	80	14	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	15	defines	define	VERB
ggj-4131	80	16	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
ggj-4131	80	17	achievements	achievement	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	18	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	80	19	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	20	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	80	21	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	22	our	our	PRON
ggj-4131	80	23	georgia	georgia	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	24	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	25	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	80	26	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	80	27	includes	include	VERB
ggj-4131	80	28	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	80	29	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	30	alongside	alongside	ADP
ggj-4131	80	31	history	history	NOUN
ggj-4131	80	32	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	81	1	although	although	SCONJ
ggj-4131	81	2	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	81	3	document	document	NOUN
ggj-4131	81	4	generally	generally	ADV
ggj-4131	81	5	addresses	address	VERB
ggj-4131	81	6	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	81	7	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	81	8	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	81	9	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	81	10	elements	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	81	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	81	12	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	81	13	lacks	lack	VERB
ggj-4131	81	14	specific	specific	ADJ
ggj-4131	81	15	instructions	instruction	NOUN
ggj-4131	81	16	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	81	17	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	81	18	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	81	19	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	81	20	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	81	21	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	81	22	separate	separate	ADJ
ggj-4131	81	23	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	81	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	82	2	standard	standard	ADJ
ggj-4131	82	3	presents	present	VERB
ggj-4131	82	4	terms	term	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	5	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	82	6	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	82	7	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	8	recognizing	recognize	VERB
ggj-4131	82	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	82	10	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	12	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	13	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	14	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	15	reading	reading	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	17	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	18	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	82	19	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	20	representing	represent	VERB
ggj-4131	82	21	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	82	22	environment	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	23	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	24	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	25	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	82	26	these	these	PRON
ggj-4131	82	27	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	82	28	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	82	29	accompanied	accompany	VERB
ggj-4131	82	30	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	82	31	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ggj-4131	82	32	explanations	explanation	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	33	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	34	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ggj-4131	82	35	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	36	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	37	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	82	38	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	39	typologies	typology	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	40	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	82	41	increasing	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	82	42	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	82	43	risk	risk	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	44	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	82	45	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ggj-4131	82	46	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
ggj-4131	82	47	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	83	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ggj-4131	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	83	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	83	4	often	often	ADV
ggj-4131	83	5	remain	remain	VERB
ggj-4131	83	6	unclear	unclear	ADJ
ggj-4131	83	7	about	about	ADP
ggj-4131	83	8	what	what	PRON
ggj-4131	83	9	teaching	teach	VERB
ggj-4131	83	10	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	83	11	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	83	12	means	mean	VERB
ggj-4131	83	13	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	83	14	practice	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	83	15	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	84	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ggj-4131	84	2	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	84	3	georgian	georgian	PROPN
ggj-4131	84	4	national	national	PROPN
ggj-4131	84	5	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
ggj-4131	84	6	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	84	7	stated	state	VERB
ggj-4131	84	8	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	9	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	84	10	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	84	11	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	84	12	representations	representation	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	13	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	84	14	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	84	15	perception	perception	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	16	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	17	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	84	18	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	84	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	20	faces	face	VERB
ggj-4131	84	21	significant	significant	ADJ
ggj-4131	84	22	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	23	stemming	stem	VERB
ggj-4131	84	24	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	84	25	current	current	ADJ
ggj-4131	84	26	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	84	27	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	28	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	84	29	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ggj-4131	84	30	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	1	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	85	2	typical	typical	ADJ
ggj-4131	85	3	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	4	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	85	5	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	85	6	widely	widely	ADV
ggj-4131	85	7	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	85	8	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	9	our	our	PRON
ggj-4131	85	10	georgia	georgia	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	11	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	12	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	13	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	14	avtandilashvili	avtandilashvili	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	15	et	et	PROPN
ggj-4131	85	16	al	al	PROPN
ggj-4131	85	17	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	85	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	19	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	85	20	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	21	asks	ask	VERB
ggj-4131	85	22	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	23	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	24	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	85	25	what	what	PRON
ggj-4131	85	26	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	85	27	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	85	28	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	29	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	85	30	kartli	kartli	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	31	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	85	32	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	85	33	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	85	34	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	85	35	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	85	36	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	86	1	which	which	DET
ggj-4131	86	2	historical	historical	ADJ
ggj-4131	86	3	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	86	4	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	86	5	regions	region	NOUN
ggj-4131	86	6	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	86	7	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	86	8	border	border	PROPN
ggj-4131	86	9	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	86	10	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	1	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	87	2	there	there	PRON
ggj-4131	87	3	more	more	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	4	hills	hill	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	5	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	87	6	plains	plain	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	7	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	87	8	kartli	kartli	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	9	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	10	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	11	similarly	similarly	ADV
ggj-4131	87	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	13	page	page	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	14	52	52	NUM
ggj-4131	87	15	asks	ask	VERB
ggj-4131	87	16	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	17	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	87	18	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	19	list	list	VERB
ggj-4131	87	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	21	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	87	22	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	87	23	help	help	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	24	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	87	25	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	87	26	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	27	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	28	which	which	DET
ggj-4131	87	29	regions	region	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	30	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	87	31	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	87	32	border	border	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	33	imereti	imereti	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	34	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	35	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	36	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	87	37	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	38	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	39	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	87	40	many	many	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	41	others	other	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	42	like	like	ADP
ggj-4131	87	43	them	they	PRON
ggj-4131	87	44	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	45	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	87	46	purely	purely	ADV
ggj-4131	87	47	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	48	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	87	49	extractive	extractive	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	50	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	51	requiring	require	VERB
ggj-4131	87	52	only	only	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	53	direct	direct	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	54	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	55	retrieval	retrieval	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	56	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	87	57	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	58	rather	rather	ADV
ggj-4131	87	59	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	87	60	fostering	foster	VERB
ggj-4131	87	61	genuine	genuine	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	62	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	63	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	87	64	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	87	65	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	87	66	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	67	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	68	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	87	69	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	87	70	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	87	71	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	88	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	88	2	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ggj-4131	88	3	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	88	4	rote	rote	ADJ
ggj-4131	88	5	recall	recall	NOUN
ggj-4131	88	6	rather	rather	ADV
ggj-4131	88	7	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	88	8	critical	critical	ADJ
ggj-4131	88	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	88	10	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
ggj-4131	88	11	hinders	hinder	VERB
ggj-4131	88	12	true	true	ADJ
ggj-4131	88	13	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	88	14	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	88	15	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	88	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	89	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	89	2	root	root	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	89	4	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	89	5	issue	issue	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	6	lies	lie	VERB
ggj-4131	89	7	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	89	8	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	89	9	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	89	10	standard	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	11	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	89	12	generalized	generalized	ADJ
ggj-4131	89	13	directives	directive	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	14	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	89	15	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	89	16	fail	fail	VERB
ggj-4131	89	17	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	89	18	compel	compel	VERB
ggj-4131	89	19	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	20	authors	author	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	21	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	89	22	create	create	VERB
ggj-4131	89	23	situation	situation	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	24	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	89	25	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	89	26	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	27	demanding	demand	VERB
ggj-4131	89	28	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	89	29	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	30	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	89	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	1	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	90	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	4	within	within	ADP
ggj-4131	90	5	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	90	6	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	7	space	space	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	8	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	9	concept	concept	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	11	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	90	12	standard	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	13	merely	merely	ADV
ggj-4131	90	14	requires	require	VERB
ggj-4131	90	15	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	16	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	90	17	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	18	discuss	discuss	VERB
ggj-4131	90	19	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	90	20	reasons	reason	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	21	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	90	22	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	90	23	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	24	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	90	25	landscapes	landscape	NOUN
ggj-4131	90	26	characteristic	characteristic	ADJ
ggj-4131	90	27	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	90	28	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	90	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	90	30	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	91	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	91	2	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	91	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	91	4	abstraction	abstraction	NOUN
ggj-4131	91	5	falls	fall	VERB
ggj-4131	91	6	far	far	ADV
ggj-4131	91	7	short	short	ADV
ggj-4131	91	8	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	91	9	fostering	foster	VERB
ggj-4131	91	10	robust	robust	ADJ
ggj-4131	91	11	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	91	12	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	91	13	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	1	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	92	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	4	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	92	5	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ggj-4131	92	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	8	national	national	PROPN
ggj-4131	92	9	geographic	geographic	PROPN
ggj-4131	92	10	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	92	11	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	12	expect	expect	VERB
ggj-4131	92	13	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	14	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	92	15	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	16	analyze	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	92	17	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	92	18	contexts	context	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	19	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	92	20	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	92	21	current	current	ADJ
ggj-4131	92	22	events	event	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	23	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	92	24	issues	issue	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	25	occur	occur	VERB
ggj-4131	92	26	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	27	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	28	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
ggj-4131	92	29	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	92	30	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	31	like	like	ADP
ggj-4131	92	32	describing	describe	VERB
ggj-4131	92	33	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	92	34	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	92	35	ratiani	ratiani	NOUN
ggj-4131	92	36	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	92	37	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	92	38	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	93	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	93	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	93	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	93	4	62	62	NUM
ggj-4131	93	5	factors	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	93	6	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	93	7	would	would	AUX
ggj-4131	93	8	influence	influence	VERB
ggj-4131	93	9	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	93	10	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	93	11	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	93	12	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	93	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	93	14	locate	locate	VERB
ggj-4131	93	15	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	93	16	new	new	ADJ
ggj-4131	93	17	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	93	18	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	93	19	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	93	20	local	local	ADJ
ggj-4131	93	21	community	community	NOUN
ggj-4131	93	22	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	93	23	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	93	24	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	93	25	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	93	26	society	society	PROPN
ggj-4131	93	27	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	93	28	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ggj-4131	93	29	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	93	30	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	93	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	94	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	94	2	disparity	disparity	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ggj-4131	94	4	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	94	5	significant	significant	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	6	competency	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	7	gap	gap	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	94	9	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	94	10	georgian	georgian	PROPN
ggj-4131	94	11	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	12	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	13	engage	engage	VERB
ggj-4131	94	14	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	94	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	16	concepts	concept	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	17	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	94	18	far	far	ADV
ggj-4131	94	19	less	less	ADV
ggj-4131	94	20	complex	complex	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	21	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	94	22	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	23	levels	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	24	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	94	25	international	international	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	26	peers	peer	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	27	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	94	28	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ggj-4131	94	29	impeding	impede	VERB
ggj-4131	94	30	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	94	31	ability	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	32	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	94	33	apply	apply	VERB
ggj-4131	94	34	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	35	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	36	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	94	37	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	94	38	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	94	39	world	world	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	40	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
ggj-4131	94	41	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	95	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ggj-4131	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	95	3	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ggj-4131	95	4	visual	visual	ADJ
ggj-4131	95	5	resources	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	95	6	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	95	7	diagrams	diagram	NOUN
ggj-4131	95	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	95	9	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	95	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	95	11	pictures	picture	NOUN
ggj-4131	95	12	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	95	13	essential	essential	ADJ
ggj-4131	95	14	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	95	15	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	95	16	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	95	17	representations	representation	NOUN
ggj-4131	95	18	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	95	19	often	often	ADV
ggj-4131	95	20	absent	absent	ADJ
ggj-4131	95	21	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	95	22	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	95	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	96	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	96	2	resource	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	3	lacks	lack	VERB
ggj-4131	96	4	forces	force	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	5	educators	educator	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	6	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	96	7	find	find	VERB
ggj-4131	96	8	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	96	9	create	create	VERB
ggj-4131	96	10	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	11	independently	independently	ADV
ggj-4131	96	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	96	13	increasing	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	96	14	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	15	workload	workload	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	16	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	96	17	leading	lead	VERB
ggj-4131	96	18	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	96	19	teaching	teach	VERB
ggj-4131	96	20	quality	quality	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	21	inconsistencies	inconsistency	NOUN
ggj-4131	96	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	97	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	97	2	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ggj-4131	97	3	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	97	4	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	97	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	97	6	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	97	7	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	97	8	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ggj-4131	97	9	during	during	ADP
ggj-4131	97	10	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	97	11	planning	planning	NOUN
ggj-4131	97	12	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	98	1	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	98	2	became	become	VERB
ggj-4131	98	3	clear	clear	ADJ
ggj-4131	98	4	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	98	5	standard	standard	ADJ
ggj-4131	98	6	minimum	minimum	ADJ
ggj-4131	98	7	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ggj-4131	98	8	do	do	AUX
ggj-4131	98	9	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	98	10	correspond	correspond	VERB
ggj-4131	98	11	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	98	12	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	98	13	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	98	14	need	need	VERB
ggj-4131	98	15	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	99	1	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	99	2	example	example	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	99	4	understanding	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	99	5	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	99	6	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	7	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	99	8	water	water	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	99	10	forest	forest	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	99	12	village	village	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	99	14	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	99	15	mountain	mountain	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	16	objects	object	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	17	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	99	18	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	99	20	formulating	formulate	VERB
ggj-4131	99	21	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	99	22	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	23	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	99	24	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	99	25	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	99	26	neither	neither	CCONJ
ggj-4131	99	27	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	99	28	standard	standard	ADJ
ggj-4131	99	29	nor	nor	CCONJ
ggj-4131	99	30	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	31	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	99	32	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	100	1	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ggj-4131	100	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	100	5	need	need	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	6	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	100	7	clear	clear	ADJ
ggj-4131	100	8	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	9	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	100	10	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	100	11	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	12	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	13	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	100	14	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	100	15	examples	example	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	16	aligning	align	VERB
ggj-4131	100	17	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	100	18	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	100	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	20	goals	goal	NOUN
ggj-4131	100	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	101	1	one	one	NUM
ggj-4131	101	2	educator	educator	NOUN
ggj-4131	101	3	noted	note	VERB
ggj-4131	101	4	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	101	5	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	101	6	i	i	PRON
ggj-4131	101	7	rarely	rarely	ADV
ggj-4131	101	8	have	have	VERB
ggj-4131	101	9	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	101	10	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ggj-4131	101	11	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	101	12	time	time	NOUN
ggj-4131	101	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	101	14	create	create	VERB
ggj-4131	101	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	101	16	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	101	17	myself	myself	PRON
ggj-4131	101	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	102	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	102	2	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	102	3	focuses	focus	VERB
ggj-4131	102	4	more	more	ADJ
ggj-4131	102	5	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	102	6	factual	factual	ADJ
ggj-4131	102	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ggj-4131	102	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	102	9	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	103	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	103	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	3	indicates	indicate	VERB
ggj-4131	103	4	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	103	5	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ggj-4131	103	6	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	7	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	103	8	current	current	ADJ
ggj-4131	103	9	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	103	11	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	12	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	103	13	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	103	14	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	103	15	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	103	16	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	17	do	do	AUX
ggj-4131	103	18	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	103	19	ensure	ensure	VERB
ggj-4131	103	20	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	21	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	103	22	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	103	23	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	24	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	25	essential	essential	ADJ
ggj-4131	103	26	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	103	27	modern	modern	ADJ
ggj-4131	103	28	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	103	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	104	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	104	2	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ggj-4131	104	3	creates	create	VERB
ggj-4131	104	4	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ggj-4131	104	5	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	104	6	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	104	7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ggj-4131	104	8	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	104	9	increases	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	104	10	individual	individual	ADJ
ggj-4131	104	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	104	12	workload	workload	NOUN
ggj-4131	104	13	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	105	1	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	2	description	description	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	3	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	105	4	its	its	PRON
ggj-4131	105	5	use	use	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	6	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	105	7	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	105	8	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	9	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	105	10	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	105	11	tool	tool	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	12	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	105	13	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	14	developed	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	105	15	within	within	ADP
ggj-4131	105	16	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	105	17	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	18	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	105	19	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	105	20	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	105	21	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	105	22	spbl	spbl	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	23	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	105	24	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	105	25	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	26	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	105	27	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	105	28	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	29	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	105	30	model	model	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	31	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	105	32	aimed	aim	VERB
ggj-4131	105	33	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	105	34	overcome	overcome	VERB
ggj-4131	105	35	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	36	caused	cause	VERB
ggj-4131	105	37	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	105	38	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	105	39	lack	lack	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	40	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	105	41	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	105	42	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	43	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	44	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	105	45	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	46	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	105	47	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	105	48	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	106	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	106	2	combined	combined	ADJ
ggj-4131	106	3	integration	integration	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	4	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	106	5	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	106	6	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	106	7	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	106	8	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	106	9	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	10	framework	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	11	allowed	allow	VERB
ggj-4131	106	12	us	we	PRON
ggj-4131	106	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	106	14	create	create	VERB
ggj-4131	106	15	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	16	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	106	17	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	106	18	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	106	19	contexts	context	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	106	21	considering	consider	VERB
ggj-4131	106	22	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	106	23	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	24	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	106	25	natural	natural	ADJ
ggj-4131	106	26	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	106	27	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	106	28	factors	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	29	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	106	30	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	106	31	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	106	32	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	106	33	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	107	1	one	one	NUM
ggj-4131	107	2	main	main	ADJ
ggj-4131	107	3	innovation	innovation	NOUN
ggj-4131	107	4	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	107	5	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	107	6	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	107	7	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	107	8	cyclical	cyclical	ADJ
ggj-4131	107	9	nature	nature	NOUN
ggj-4131	107	10	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	108	1	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	108	2	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	3	combined	combine	VERB
ggj-4131	108	4	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	5	presentation	presentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	108	7	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	8	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	108	10	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	11	reading	reading	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	108	13	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	108	14	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	108	16	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ggj-4131	108	17	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	108	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	108	20	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	108	21	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	22	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	108	23	making	making	NOUN
ggj-4131	108	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	109	1	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	109	2	five	five	NUM
ggj-4131	109	3	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	109	4	relied	rely	VERB
ggj-4131	109	5	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	109	6	active	active	ADJ
ggj-4131	109	7	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	109	8	participation	participation	NOUN
ggj-4131	109	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	109	10	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	109	11	stimulation	stimulation	NOUN
ggj-4131	109	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	109	13	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	109	14	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	109	15	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	109	16	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	109	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	110	1	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	110	2	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	3	followed	follow	VERB
ggj-4131	110	4	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	110	5	structured	structured	ADJ
ggj-4131	110	6	five	five	NUM
ggj-4131	110	7	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	110	8	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	9	process	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	10	designed	design	VERB
ggj-4131	110	11	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	110	12	guide	guide	VERB
ggj-4131	110	13	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	14	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	110	15	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ggj-4131	110	16	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	110	17	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	18	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	110	19	solving	solving	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	20	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	110	21	see	see	VERB
ggj-4131	110	22	fig	fig	NOUN
ggj-4131	110	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	111	1	1	1	NUM
ggj-4131	111	2	):	):	PUNCT
ggj-4131	111	3	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	111	4	1	1	NUM
ggj-4131	111	5	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	111	6	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	111	7	presentation	presentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	111	8	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	111	9	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	111	10	presented	present	VERB
ggj-4131	111	11	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	111	12	an	an	DET
ggj-4131	111	13	authentic	authentic	ADJ
ggj-4131	111	14	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	111	15	scenario	scenario	NOUN
ggj-4131	111	16	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	111	17	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	111	18	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	111	19	decisionmaking	decisionmaking	NOUN
ggj-4131	111	20	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	112	1	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	112	2	example	example	NOUN
ggj-4131	112	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	112	4	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	112	5	might	might	AUX
ggj-4131	112	6	receive	receive	VERB
ggj-4131	112	7	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	112	8	scenario	scenario	NOUN
ggj-4131	112	9	stating	state	VERB
ggj-4131	112	10	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	112	11	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	112	12	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	112	13	group	group	NOUN
ggj-4131	112	14	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	112	15	early	early	ADJ
ggj-4131	112	16	humans	human	NOUN
ggj-4131	112	17	needs	need	VERB
ggj-4131	112	18	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	112	19	establish	establish	VERB
ggj-4131	112	20	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	112	21	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ggj-4131	112	22	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ggj-4131	112	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	113	1	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	113	2	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	113	3	advisor	advisor	NOUN
ggj-4131	113	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	113	5	you	you	PRON
ggj-4131	113	6	must	must	AUX
ggj-4131	113	7	help	help	VERB
ggj-4131	113	8	them	they	PRON
ggj-4131	113	9	choose	choose	VERB
ggj-4131	113	10	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	113	11	best	good	ADJ
ggj-4131	113	12	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	113	13	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	113	14	three	three	NUM
ggj-4131	113	15	possible	possible	ADJ
ggj-4131	113	16	sites	site	NOUN
ggj-4131	113	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	113	18	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	114	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	114	2	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	114	3	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	114	4	introduced	introduce	VERB
ggj-4131	114	5	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	114	6	storytelling	storytelle	VERB
ggj-4131	114	7	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	114	8	engage	engage	VERB
ggj-4131	114	9	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	114	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	114	11	establish	establish	VERB
ggj-4131	114	12	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	114	13	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	114	14	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	114	15	world	world	NOUN
ggj-4131	114	16	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ggj-4131	114	17	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	114	18	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	114	19	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	114	20	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	115	1	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	2	2	2	NUM
ggj-4131	115	3	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	115	4	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	6	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	7	examined	examine	VERB
ggj-4131	115	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ggj-4131	115	9	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	10	sources	source	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	11	including	include	VERB
ggj-4131	115	12	topographic	topographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	115	13	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	14	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	115	15	climate	climate	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	16	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	17	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	115	18	resource	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	19	availability	availability	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	20	charts	chart	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	21	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	115	22	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	115	23	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ggj-4131	115	24	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	25	about	about	ADP
ggj-4131	115	26	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	115	27	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	115	28	area	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	115	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	116	1	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	116	2	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	116	3	guided	guide	VERB
ggj-4131	116	4	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	116	5	identify	identify	VERB
ggj-4131	116	6	key	key	ADJ
ggj-4131	116	7	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	116	8	elements	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	9	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	116	10	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	116	11	water	water	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	12	sources	source	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	116	14	elevation	elevation	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	15	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	116	17	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	18	cover	cover	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	116	20	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	116	21	proximity	proximity	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	22	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	116	23	resources	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	116	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	117	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	117	2	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	117	3	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	117	4	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	117	5	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	117	6	extract	extract	VERB
ggj-4131	117	7	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ggj-4131	117	8	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	117	9	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	117	10	visual	visual	ADJ
ggj-4131	117	11	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	117	12	textual	textual	ADJ
ggj-4131	117	13	sources	source	NOUN
ggj-4131	117	14	systematically	systematically	ADV
ggj-4131	117	15	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	118	1	step	step	VERB
ggj-4131	118	2	3	3	NUM
ggj-4131	118	3	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	118	4	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ggj-4131	118	5	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	118	6	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	118	7	worked	work	VERB
ggj-4131	118	8	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	118	9	small	small	ADJ
ggj-4131	118	10	groups	group	NOUN
ggj-4131	118	11	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	118	12	compare	compare	VERB
ggj-4131	118	13	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ggj-4131	118	14	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	118	15	options	option	NOUN
ggj-4131	118	16	using	use	VERB
ggj-4131	118	17	predetermined	predetermine	VERB
ggj-4131	118	18	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ggj-4131	118	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	119	1	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	119	2	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	119	3	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	4	matrices	matrix	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	5	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	119	6	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	119	7	potential	potential	ADJ
ggj-4131	119	8	site	site	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	9	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	119	10	assessed	assess	VERB
ggj-4131	119	11	against	against	ADP
ggj-4131	119	12	factors	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	13	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	119	14	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	119	15	water	water	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	16	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	17	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	119	18	defensibility	defensibility	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	119	20	resource	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	21	availability	availability	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	22	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	119	23	climate	climate	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	24	suitability	suitability	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	25	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	119	26	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	119	27	transportation	transportation	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	28	routes	route	NOUN
ggj-4131	119	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	120	1	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	2	assigned	assign	VERB
ggj-4131	120	3	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ggj-4131	120	4	scores	score	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	5	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	120	6	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	120	7	criterion	criterion	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	8	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	120	9	calculated	calculate	VERB
ggj-4131	120	10	total	total	ADJ
ggj-4131	120	11	scores	score	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	12	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	120	13	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	120	14	alternative	alternative	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	15	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	120	16	fostering	foster	VERB
ggj-4131	120	17	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	120	18	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	120	20	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ggj-4131	120	21	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ggj-4131	120	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	121	1	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	2	4	4	NUM
ggj-4131	121	3	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	121	4	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	121	5	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	6	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	121	7	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	121	8	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	121	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	121	11	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	12	selected	select	VERB
ggj-4131	121	13	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	121	14	preferred	preferred	ADJ
ggj-4131	121	15	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	16	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	121	17	constructed	construct	VERB
ggj-4131	121	18	written	write	VERB
ggj-4131	121	19	arguments	argument	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	20	justifying	justify	VERB
ggj-4131	121	21	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	121	22	choice	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	121	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	122	1	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	122	2	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	122	3	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	122	4	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	122	5	explain	explain	VERB
ggj-4131	122	6	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	122	7	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	122	8	why	why	SCONJ
ggj-4131	122	9	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	122	10	chosen	choose	VERB
ggj-4131	122	11	site	site	NOUN
ggj-4131	122	12	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	122	13	optimal	optimal	ADJ
ggj-4131	122	14	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	122	15	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	122	16	why	why	SCONJ
ggj-4131	122	17	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	122	18	rejected	reject	VERB
ggj-4131	122	19	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	122	20	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
ggj-4131	122	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	123	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	123	2	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	3	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ggj-4131	123	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	123	5	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	6	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	123	7	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	8	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	123	10	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	123	11	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	12	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	123	13	synthesize	synthesize	VERB
ggj-4131	123	14	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	123	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	123	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	17	into	into	ADP
ggj-4131	123	18	coherent	coherent	ADJ
ggj-4131	123	19	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	123	20	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	124	1	step	step	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	2	5	5	NUM
ggj-4131	124	3	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	124	4	reflection	reflection	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	5	/	/	SYM
ggj-4131	124	6	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	7	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	124	8	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	9	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	10	assessed	assess	VERB
ggj-4131	124	11	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	124	12	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	13	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	124	14	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	124	15	process	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	16	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	124	17	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	18	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	124	19	structured	structured	ADJ
ggj-4131	124	20	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	21	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	124	22	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	23	forms	form	NOUN
ggj-4131	124	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	125	1	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	125	2	considered	consider	VERB
ggj-4131	125	3	questions	question	NOUN
ggj-4131	125	4	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	125	5	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	125	6	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	125	7	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	125	8	which	which	DET
ggj-4131	125	9	factors	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	125	10	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	125	11	most	most	ADV
ggj-4131	125	12	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	125	13	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	125	14	your	your	PRON
ggj-4131	125	15	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	125	16	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	125	17	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	125	18	ratiani	ratiani	PROPN
ggj-4131	125	19	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	125	20	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	125	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	126	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	126	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	126	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	126	4	63	63	NUM
ggj-4131	126	5	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	126	6	what	what	PRON
ggj-4131	126	7	additional	additional	ADJ
ggj-4131	126	8	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	126	9	would	would	AUX
ggj-4131	126	10	have	have	AUX
ggj-4131	126	11	been	be	AUX
ggj-4131	126	12	helpful	helpful	ADJ
ggj-4131	126	13	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	126	14	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	127	1	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	127	2	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	127	3	how	how	SCONJ
ggj-4131	127	4	confident	confident	ADJ
ggj-4131	127	5	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	127	6	you	you	PRON
ggj-4131	127	7	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	127	8	your	your	PRON
ggj-4131	127	9	choice	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	127	10	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	127	11	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	128	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	128	2	metacognitive	metacognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	128	3	component	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	4	helped	help	VERB
ggj-4131	128	5	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	6	understand	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	128	7	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	128	8	own	own	ADJ
ggj-4131	128	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	10	processes	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	11	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	128	12	identify	identify	VERB
ggj-4131	128	13	areas	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	14	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	128	15	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	16	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	128	17	future	future	ADJ
ggj-4131	128	18	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	128	19	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	20	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	128	21	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	128	22	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	128	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	129	1	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	2	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	129	3	designed	design	VERB
ggj-4131	129	4	so	so	SCONJ
ggj-4131	129	5	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	6	genuinely	genuinely	ADV
ggj-4131	129	7	considered	consider	VERB
ggj-4131	129	8	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	129	9	appropriateness	appropriateness	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	10	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	129	11	placing	place	VERB
ggj-4131	129	12	various	various	ADJ
ggj-4131	129	13	objects	object	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	14	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	129	15	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	129	16	specific	specific	ADJ
ggj-4131	129	17	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	129	19	such	such	ADJ
ggj-4131	129	20	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	129	21	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	129	22	primitive	primitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	129	23	humans	human	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	24	should	should	AUX
ggj-4131	129	25	settle	settle	VERB
ggj-4131	129	26	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	129	27	which	which	DET
ggj-4131	129	28	area	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	29	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	129	30	most	most	ADV
ggj-4131	129	31	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	129	32	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	129	33	creating	create	VERB
ggj-4131	129	34	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	129	35	protected	protect	VERB
ggj-4131	129	36	area	area	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	37	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	129	38	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	129	39	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	129	40	school	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	41	building	building	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	42	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	129	43	alpine	alpine	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	44	base	base	NOUN
ggj-4131	129	45	should	should	AUX
ggj-4131	129	46	be	be	AUX
ggj-4131	129	47	built	build	VERB
ggj-4131	129	48	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	1	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	2	involved	involve	VERB
ggj-4131	130	3	comparing	compare	VERB
ggj-4131	130	4	several	several	ADJ
ggj-4131	130	5	parameters	parameter	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	6	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	7	proximity	proximity	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	8	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	130	9	water	water	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	11	terrain	terrain	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	13	climate	climate	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	14	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	15	safety	safety	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	17	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	18	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	130	20	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	130	21	others	other	NOUN
ggj-4131	130	22	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	131	1	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	131	2	worked	work	VERB
ggj-4131	131	3	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	131	4	tables	table	NOUN
ggj-4131	131	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	131	6	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ggj-4131	131	7	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	131	8	parameter	parameter	NOUN
ggj-4131	131	9	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	131	10	points	point	NOUN
ggj-4131	131	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	131	12	then	then	ADV
ggj-4131	131	13	made	make	VERB
ggj-4131	131	14	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	131	15	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	131	16	depth	depth	NOUN
ggj-4131	131	17	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	131	18	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	131	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	132	1	another	another	DET
ggj-4131	132	2	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	132	3	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	132	4	element	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	132	5	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	132	6	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	132	7	use	use	NOUN
ggj-4131	132	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	133	1	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	133	2	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	133	3	began	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	133	4	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	133	5	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	133	6	schematic	schematic	ADJ
ggj-4131	133	7	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	133	8	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	133	9	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	133	10	needed	need	VERB
ggj-4131	133	11	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	133	12	read	read	VERB
ggj-4131	133	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	133	14	analyze	analyze	VERB
ggj-4131	133	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	133	16	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ggj-4131	133	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	134	1	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	2	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	3	offered	offer	VERB
ggj-4131	134	4	visual	visual	ADJ
ggj-4131	134	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	134	6	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	134	7	links	link	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	8	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	134	9	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	134	11	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	134	12	elements	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	134	14	enabling	enable	VERB
ggj-4131	134	15	skill	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	16	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	17	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	134	18	determining	determine	VERB
ggj-4131	134	19	location	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	134	21	estimating	estimate	VERB
ggj-4131	134	22	distance	distance	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	23	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	134	24	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB
ggj-4131	134	25	directions	direction	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	26	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	134	27	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	134	28	establishing	establish	VERB
ggj-4131	134	29	object	object	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	30	connections	connection	NOUN
ggj-4131	134	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	135	1	starting	start	VERB
ggj-4131	135	2	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	135	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	135	4	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ggj-4131	135	5	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	135	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	135	7	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	135	8	began	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	135	9	working	work	VERB
ggj-4131	135	10	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	135	11	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	135	12	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	135	13	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	135	14	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	135	15	chosen	choose	VERB
ggj-4131	135	16	locations	location	NOUN
ggj-4131	135	17	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	135	18	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	135	19	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	135	20	strong	strong	ADJ
ggj-4131	135	21	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	135	22	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	135	23	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ggj-4131	135	24	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ggj-4131	135	25	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	136	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	136	2	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	136	3	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	136	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	136	5	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	136	6	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	136	7	precisely	precisely	ADV
ggj-4131	136	8	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	136	9	factor	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	136	10	contributing	contribute	VERB
ggj-4131	136	11	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	136	12	competency	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	136	13	deepening	deepening	NOUN
ggj-4131	136	14	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	137	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	137	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	3	used	use	VERB
ggj-4131	137	4	reflection	reflection	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	5	stages	stage	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	6	after	after	ADP
ggj-4131	137	7	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	137	8	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	137	10	where	where	SCONJ
ggj-4131	137	11	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
ggj-4131	137	13	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	137	14	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	15	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	137	16	explored	explore	VERB
ggj-4131	137	17	how	how	SCONJ
ggj-4131	137	18	better	well	ADJ
ggj-4131	137	19	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	137	20	could	could	AUX
ggj-4131	137	21	have	have	AUX
ggj-4131	137	22	been	be	AUX
ggj-4131	137	23	made	make	VERB
ggj-4131	137	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	138	2	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	3	solved	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	138	4	several	several	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	5	significant	significant	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	6	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	7	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	8	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	138	9	gap	gap	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	10	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	138	11	standard	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	138	13	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	14	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	15	pbl	pbl	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	16	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	17	created	create	VERB
ggj-4131	138	18	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	19	spaces	space	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	20	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	138	21	working	work	VERB
ggj-4131	138	22	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	138	23	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	24	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	25	contexts	context	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	26	•	•	ADP
ggj-4131	138	27	teaching	teach	VERB
ggj-4131	138	28	monotony	monotony	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	29	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	30	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	31	diversified	diversify	VERB
ggj-4131	138	32	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	33	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	34	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	35	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	36	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	37	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	38	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	138	39	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	40	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	138	41	easily	easily	ADV
ggj-4131	138	42	reproducible	reproducible	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	43	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	138	44	adaptable	adaptable	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	45	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	138	46	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	47	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	138	48	lack	lack	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	49	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	138	50	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	51	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	52	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	53	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	138	54	reflection	reflection	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	55	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	56	integrated	integrated	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	57	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	58	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	59	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	60	modules	module	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	61	ensured	ensure	VERB
ggj-4131	138	62	metacognitive	metacognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	63	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	64	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	65	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	138	66	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	138	67	result	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	68	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	69	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	70	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	138	71	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	138	72	gained	gain	VERB
ggj-4131	138	73	better	well	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	74	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	75	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	138	76	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	77	concepts	concept	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	78	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	138	79	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	138	80	developed	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	138	81	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	82	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	83	making	making	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	84	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	85	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	86	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	87	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	138	88	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	89	visualization	visualization	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	90	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	91	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	138	92	contributing	contribute	VERB
ggj-4131	138	93	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	138	94	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	138	95	overall	overall	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	96	academic	academic	ADJ
ggj-4131	138	97	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	138	98	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	139	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	139	2	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	3	clearly	clearly	ADV
ggj-4131	139	4	showed	show	VERB
ggj-4131	139	5	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	139	6	using	use	VERB
ggj-4131	139	7	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	139	8	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	9	type	type	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	10	effectively	effectively	ADV
ggj-4131	139	11	overcomes	overcome	VERB
ggj-4131	139	12	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	13	caused	cause	VERB
ggj-4131	139	14	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	139	15	standard	standard	ADJ
ggj-4131	139	16	generality	generality	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	139	18	resource	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	19	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	20	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	139	21	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	139	22	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	139	23	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	139	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	140	1	results	result	VERB
ggj-4131	140	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	140	4	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	5	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	6	results	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	7	clearly	clearly	ADV
ggj-4131	140	8	showed	show	VERB
ggj-4131	140	9	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	140	10	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	11	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	140	12	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	140	13	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	14	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	140	15	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	140	16	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	17	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	140	18	making	making	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	19	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	20	significantly	significantly	ADV
ggj-4131	140	21	improved	improve	VERB
ggj-4131	140	22	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	140	23	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	140	24	result	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	25	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	140	26	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	140	27	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	141	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	141	2	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	3	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	141	4	reflected	reflect	VERB
ggj-4131	141	5	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	141	6	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	7	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	141	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	10	reflections	reflection	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	141	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	141	13	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	14	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	141	15	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	16	forms	form	NOUN
ggj-4131	141	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	142	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	142	2	2	2	NUM
ggj-4131	142	3	shows	show	VERB
ggj-4131	142	4	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	142	5	results	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	142	6	comparing	compare	VERB
ggj-4131	142	7	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
ggj-4131	142	8	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	142	9	final	final	ADJ
ggj-4131	142	10	stages	stage	NOUN
ggj-4131	142	11	across	across	ADP
ggj-4131	142	12	key	key	ADJ
ggj-4131	142	13	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	142	14	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	143	1	this	this	PRON
ggj-4131	143	2	clearly	clearly	ADV
ggj-4131	143	3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ggj-4131	143	4	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	143	5	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	143	6	made	make	VERB
ggj-4131	143	7	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	143	8	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	143	9	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	143	10	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	143	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	144	1	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	144	2	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	144	3	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	144	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	144	5	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	144	6	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	144	7	2	2	NUM
ggj-4131	144	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	144	9	competency	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	144	10	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	144	11	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	144	12	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
ggj-4131	144	13	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	144	14	final	final	ADJ
ggj-4131	144	15	stages	stage	NOUN
ggj-4131	144	16	ratiani	ratiani	NOUN
ggj-4131	144	17	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	144	18	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	144	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	145	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	145	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	145	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	145	4	64	64	NUM
ggj-4131	145	5	least	least	ADJ
ggj-4131	145	6	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	145	7	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	145	8	recorded	record	VERB
ggj-4131	145	9	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	145	10	visual	visual	ADJ
ggj-4131	145	11	elements	element	NOUN
ggj-4131	145	12	use	use	VERB
ggj-4131	145	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	145	14	indicating	indicate	VERB
ggj-4131	145	15	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	145	16	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	145	17	had	have	AUX
ggj-4131	145	18	already	already	ADV
ggj-4131	145	19	developed	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	145	20	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	145	21	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	145	22	substantially	substantially	ADV
ggj-4131	145	23	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	145	24	could	could	AUX
ggj-4131	145	25	use	use	VERB
ggj-4131	145	26	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	145	27	as	as	SCONJ
ggj-4131	145	28	needed	need	VERB
ggj-4131	145	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	146	1	understanding	understand	VERB
ggj-4131	146	2	instructions	instruction	NOUN
ggj-4131	146	3	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	146	4	multi	multi	ADJ
ggj-4131	146	5	-	-	ADJ
ggj-4131	146	6	stage	stage	ADJ
ggj-4131	146	7	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	146	8	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	146	9	initially	initially	ADV
ggj-4131	146	10	problematic	problematic	ADJ
ggj-4131	146	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	147	1	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	3	showed	show	VERB
ggj-4131	147	4	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	147	5	most	most	ADJ
ggj-4131	147	6	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	7	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	147	8	one	one	NUM
ggj-4131	147	9	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	147	10	two	two	NUM
ggj-4131	147	11	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	147	12	stage	stage	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	147	14	preventing	prevent	VERB
ggj-4131	147	15	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	16	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	147	17	concentrating	concentrate	VERB
ggj-4131	147	18	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	147	19	topics	topic	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	20	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	147	21	extended	extended	ADJ
ggj-4131	147	22	periods	period	NOUN
ggj-4131	147	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	148	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ggj-4131	148	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	148	3	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
ggj-4131	148	4	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	148	5	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ
ggj-4131	148	6	task	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	7	completion	completion	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	8	initially	initially	ADV
ggj-4131	148	9	raised	raise	VERB
ggj-4131	148	10	questions	question	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	11	about	about	ADP
ggj-4131	148	12	whether	whether	SCONJ
ggj-4131	148	13	this	this	PRON
ggj-4131	148	14	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	148	15	due	due	ADJ
ggj-4131	148	16	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	148	17	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	18	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	19	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	20	or	or	CCONJ
ggj-4131	148	21	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	22	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	23	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	148	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	149	1	thus	thus	ADV
ggj-4131	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	149	3	explaining	explain	VERB
ggj-4131	149	4	instructions	instruction	NOUN
ggj-4131	149	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	149	6	presenting	present	VERB
ggj-4131	149	7	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	149	8	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	149	9	critically	critically	ADV
ggj-4131	149	10	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	149	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	150	1	figure	figure	VERB
ggj-4131	150	2	3	3	NUM
ggj-4131	150	3	presents	present	VERB
ggj-4131	150	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	150	5	progression	progression	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	6	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	150	7	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	8	performance	performance	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	9	across	across	ADP
ggj-4131	150	10	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	150	11	five	five	NUM
ggj-4131	150	12	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	150	14	showing	show	VERB
ggj-4131	150	15	steady	steady	ADJ
ggj-4131	150	16	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	17	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	150	18	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	150	19	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	20	abilities	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	150	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	151	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	151	2	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	151	3	shows	show	VERB
ggj-4131	151	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	151	5	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	151	6	results	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	151	7	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	151	8	9	9	NUM
ggj-4131	151	9	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	151	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	151	11	as	as	SCONJ
ggj-4131	151	12	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	151	13	9	9	NUM
ggj-4131	151	14	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	151	15	attended	attend	VERB
ggj-4131	151	16	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	151	17	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	151	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	152	1	under	under	ADP
ggj-4131	152	2	conditions	condition	NOUN
ggj-4131	152	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	152	4	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
ggj-4131	152	5	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ggj-4131	152	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	152	7	drawing	draw	VERB
ggj-4131	152	8	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ggj-4131	152	9	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	152	10	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	152	11	participants	participant	NOUN
ggj-4131	152	12	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	152	13	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	152	14	becomes	become	VERB
ggj-4131	152	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ggj-4131	152	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	153	1	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	153	2	general	general	ADJ
ggj-4131	153	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	153	4	absenteeism	absenteeism	NOUN
ggj-4131	153	5	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	153	6	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	153	7	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	153	8	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	153	9	reduces	reduce	VERB
ggj-4131	153	10	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	153	11	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ggj-4131	153	12	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	153	13	planned	planned	ADJ
ggj-4131	153	14	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	153	15	implemented	implement	VERB
ggj-4131	153	16	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	153	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	154	1	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	154	2	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	154	3	georgian	georgian	ADJ
ggj-4131	154	4	reality	reality	NOUN
ggj-4131	154	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	154	6	such	such	DET
ggj-4131	154	7	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	154	8	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	154	10	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	154	11	examines	examine	VERB
ggj-4131	154	12	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	154	13	impact	impact	NOUN
ggj-4131	154	14	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	154	15	absenteeism	absenteeism	NOUN
ggj-4131	154	16	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	154	17	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	154	18	context	context	NOUN
ggj-4131	154	19	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	154	20	does	do	AUX
ggj-4131	154	21	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	154	22	exist	exist	VERB
ggj-4131	154	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	155	1	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	2	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	155	3	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	4	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	5	showed	show	VERB
ggj-4131	155	6	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	155	7	most	most	ADJ
ggj-4131	155	8	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	9	initially	initially	ADV
ggj-4131	155	10	assessed	assess	VERB
ggj-4131	155	11	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	155	12	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	13	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	155	14	maximum	maximum	ADJ
ggj-4131	155	15	scores	score	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	155	17	despite	despite	SCONJ
ggj-4131	155	18	errors	error	NOUN
ggj-4131	155	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	156	1	however	however	ADV
ggj-4131	156	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	156	3	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	156	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	156	5	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ggj-4131	156	6	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	156	8	as	as	ADP
ggj-4131	156	9	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	156	10	result	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	11	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	156	12	active	active	ADJ
ggj-4131	156	13	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	14	feedback	feedback	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	15	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	156	16	group	group	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	17	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	156	19	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	20	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	156	21	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	22	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	156	23	assessments	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	24	aligned	align	VERB
ggj-4131	156	25	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	156	26	actual	actual	ADJ
ggj-4131	156	27	performance	performance	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	28	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	156	29	over	over	ADP
ggj-4131	156	30	70	70	NUM
ggj-4131	156	31	%	%	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	32	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	156	33	cases	case	NOUN
ggj-4131	156	34	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	157	1	this	this	PRON
ggj-4131	157	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
ggj-4131	157	3	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	157	4	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	157	5	metacognitive	metacognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	157	6	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	157	7	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	157	8	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	157	9	learned	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	157	10	how	how	SCONJ
ggj-4131	157	11	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	157	12	why	why	SCONJ
ggj-4131	157	13	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	157	14	assess	assess	VERB
ggj-4131	157	15	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	157	16	own	own	ADJ
ggj-4131	157	17	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	157	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	158	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	2	4	4	NUM
ggj-4131	158	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
ggj-4131	158	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	158	5	alignment	alignment	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	6	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	158	7	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	8	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	9	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	158	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	11	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	158	12	actual	actual	ADJ
ggj-4131	158	13	performance	performance	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	14	across	across	ADP
ggj-4131	158	15	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	158	16	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	17	period	period	NOUN
ggj-4131	158	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	159	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	2	3	3	NUM
ggj-4131	159	3	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	159	4	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	5	performance	performance	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	6	progression	progression	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	7	across	across	ADP
ggj-4131	159	8	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	9	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	10	4	4	NUM
ggj-4131	159	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	159	12	convergence	convergence	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	13	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	159	14	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	15	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	159	16	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	159	18	actual	actual	ADJ
ggj-4131	159	19	performance	performance	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	20	ratiani	ratiani	NOUN
ggj-4131	159	21	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	159	22	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	159	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	160	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	160	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	160	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	160	4	65	65	NUM
ggj-4131	160	5	data	datum	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	6	confirms	confirm	VERB
ggj-4131	160	7	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	160	8	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	160	9	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	10	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	160	12	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	13	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	160	14	approaches	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	15	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	160	16	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	160	18	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	19	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ggj-4131	160	20	changed	change	VERB
ggj-4131	160	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	161	1	while	while	SCONJ
ggj-4131	161	2	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	161	3	first	first	ADJ
ggj-4131	161	4	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	5	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	161	6	characterized	characterize	VERB
ggj-4131	161	7	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	161	8	template	template	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	9	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	161	10	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	161	11	perception	perception	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	161	13	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	14	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	161	15	functional	functional	ADJ
ggj-4131	161	16	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	17	use	use	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	161	19	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	161	20	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	161	21	third	third	ADJ
ggj-4131	161	22	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	23	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	24	began	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	161	25	better	well	ADV
ggj-4131	161	26	perceiving	perceive	VERB
ggj-4131	161	27	information	information	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	28	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	161	29	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	161	30	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	162	1	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	162	2	example	example	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	162	4	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	162	5	given	give	VERB
ggj-4131	162	6	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	7	territories	territory	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	162	9	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	162	10	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
ggj-4131	162	11	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	162	12	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	162	13	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ggj-4131	162	14	factors	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	15	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	162	16	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	162	17	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ggj-4131	162	18	impact	impact	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	19	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	162	20	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ggj-4131	162	21	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	162	22	roads	road	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	23	running	run	VERB
ggj-4131	162	24	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	162	25	forests	forest	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	26	requiring	require	VERB
ggj-4131	162	27	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
ggj-4131	162	28	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	162	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	163	1	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	163	2	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	163	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	163	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	163	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	163	6	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	163	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ggj-4131	163	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
ggj-4131	163	9	increased	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	163	10	during	during	ADP
ggj-4131	163	11	proposed	propose	VERB
ggj-4131	163	12	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	163	13	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	163	14	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	163	15	depended	depend	VERB
ggj-4131	163	16	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	163	17	them	they	PRON
ggj-4131	163	18	rather	rather	ADV
ggj-4131	163	19	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	163	20	just	just	ADV
ggj-4131	163	21	finding	find	VERB
ggj-4131	163	22	correct	correct	ADJ
ggj-4131	163	23	answers	answer	NOUN
ggj-4131	163	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	164	1	this	this	PRON
ggj-4131	164	2	reflects	reflect	VERB
ggj-4131	164	3	pbl	pbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	164	4	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	5	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	6	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	164	7	interest	interest	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	8	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	164	9	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	10	increase	increase	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	11	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	164	12	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	13	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	164	14	responsible	responsible	ADJ
ggj-4131	164	15	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	164	16	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	17	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	164	18	choice	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	164	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	165	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	165	2	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	165	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ggj-4131	165	4	several	several	ADJ
ggj-4131	165	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	165	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	165	7	as	as	SCONJ
ggj-4131	165	8	represented	represent	VERB
ggj-4131	165	9	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	165	10	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	165	11	5	5	NUM
ggj-4131	165	12	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	166	1	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	166	2	some	some	DET
ggj-4131	166	3	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	166	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	166	5	map	map	VERB
ggj-4131	166	6	orientation	orientation	NOUN
ggj-4131	166	7	remained	remain	VERB
ggj-4131	166	8	problematic	problematic	ADJ
ggj-4131	166	9	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	166	10	especially	especially	ADV
ggj-4131	166	11	correctly	correctly	ADV
ggj-4131	166	12	reading	read	VERB
ggj-4131	166	13	scale	scale	NOUN
ggj-4131	166	14	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	166	15	symbols	symbol	NOUN
ggj-4131	166	16	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	167	1	however	however	ADV
ggj-4131	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	167	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	167	4	main	main	ADJ
ggj-4131	167	5	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ggj-4131	167	6	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	167	7	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	167	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	167	9	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	167	10	clear	clear	ADJ
ggj-4131	167	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	167	12	academic	academic	ADJ
ggj-4131	167	13	formulation	formulation	NOUN
ggj-4131	167	14	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	167	15	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	167	16	results	result	NOUN
ggj-4131	167	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	168	1	these	these	DET
ggj-4131	168	2	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
ggj-4131	168	4	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	168	5	teaching	teach	VERB
ggj-4131	168	6	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	168	7	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	8	should	should	AUX
ggj-4131	168	9	include	include	VERB
ggj-4131	168	10	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	168	11	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	168	12	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	13	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	168	14	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	168	15	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	168	16	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	168	17	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	168	18	work	work	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	19	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	168	20	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	168	21	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	168	22	domain	domain	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	23	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	168	24	specific	specific	ADJ
ggj-4131	168	25	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	26	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	168	27	argument	argument	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	28	formation	formation	NOUN
ggj-4131	168	29	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	169	1	according	accord	VERB
ggj-4131	169	2	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	169	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	169	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	5	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	169	6	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	169	8	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	9	who	who	PRON
ggj-4131	169	10	had	have	VERB
ggj-4131	169	11	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	12	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	169	13	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	14	deficits	deficit	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	15	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	169	16	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	17	struggled	struggle	VERB
ggj-4131	169	18	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	169	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	20	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	169	21	justifying	justify	VERB
ggj-4131	169	22	their	their	PRON
ggj-4131	169	23	positions	position	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	24	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	169	25	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	169	26	over	over	ADP
ggj-4131	169	27	time	time	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	28	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	169	29	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	169	30	began	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	169	31	formulating	formulate	VERB
ggj-4131	169	32	arguments	argument	NOUN
ggj-4131	169	33	better	well	ADV
ggj-4131	169	34	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	170	1	this	this	PRON
ggj-4131	170	2	confirms	confirm	VERB
ggj-4131	170	3	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	170	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	170	5	under	under	ADP
ggj-4131	170	6	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ggj-4131	170	7	environment	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	8	conditions	condition	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	9	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	170	10	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	170	11	stimulation	stimulation	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	170	13	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	170	14	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	15	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	16	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	170	17	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ggj-4131	170	18	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	170	19	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	170	20	wide	wide	ADJ
ggj-4131	170	21	range	range	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	22	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	170	23	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	170	24	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	171	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	171	2	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	171	3	's	's	PART
ggj-4131	171	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	171	5	nature	nature	NOUN
ggj-4131	171	6	proved	prove	VERB
ggj-4131	171	7	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	171	8	be	be	AUX
ggj-4131	171	9	an	an	DET
ggj-4131	171	10	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	171	11	success	success	NOUN
ggj-4131	171	12	factor	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	171	13	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	172	1	while	while	SCONJ
ggj-4131	172	2	first	first	ADJ
ggj-4131	172	3	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	4	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	172	5	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	172	6	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	172	7	simpler	simple	ADJ
ggj-4131	172	8	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	172	10	each	each	DET
ggj-4131	172	11	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ggj-4131	172	12	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	13	increased	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	172	14	demands	demand	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	15	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	172	16	parameter	parameter	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	17	numbers	number	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	18	became	become	VERB
ggj-4131	172	19	more	more	ADV
ggj-4131	172	20	complex	complex	ADJ
ggj-4131	172	21	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	172	22	conflicting	conflicting	ADJ
ggj-4131	172	23	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	24	were	be	AUX
ggj-4131	172	25	added	add	VERB
ggj-4131	172	26	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	172	27	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	172	28	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	29	required	require	VERB
ggj-4131	172	30	refinement	refinement	NOUN
ggj-4131	172	31	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	173	1	thus	thus	ADV
ggj-4131	173	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	173	3	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	173	4	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	173	5	conditioned	condition	VERB
ggj-4131	173	6	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	173	7	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	173	8	one	one	NUM
ggj-4131	173	9	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	173	10	time	time	NOUN
ggj-4131	173	11	activities	activity	NOUN
ggj-4131	173	12	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	173	13	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	173	14	structured	structured	ADJ
ggj-4131	173	15	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	173	16	adapted	adapt	VERB
ggj-4131	173	17	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	173	18	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ggj-4131	173	19	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	174	2	ability	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	3	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	174	4	make	make	VERB
ggj-4131	174	5	reasoned	reasoned	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	6	choices	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	8	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	174	9	initially	initially	ADV
ggj-4131	174	10	was	be	AUX
ggj-4131	174	11	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	174	12	primarily	primarily	ADV
ggj-4131	174	13	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	174	14	single	single	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	15	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	16	sentence	sentence	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	17	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	18	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ggj-4131	174	20	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	21	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	22	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	174	23	's	be	AUX
ggj-4131	174	24	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	174	25	good	good	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	26	place	place	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	27	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	28	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	29	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	30	gradually	gradually	ADV
ggj-4131	174	31	evolved	evolve	VERB
ggj-4131	174	32	into	into	ADP
ggj-4131	174	33	multi	multi	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	34	-	-	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	35	factorial	factorial	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	36	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	37	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	38	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	39	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	174	40	selection	selection	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	41	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	174	42	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	174	43	territory	territory	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	44	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	174	45	due	due	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	46	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	174	47	its	its	PRON
ggj-4131	174	48	proximity	proximity	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	49	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	174	50	water	water	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	51	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	52	high	high	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	53	elevation	elevation	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	54	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	55	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	174	56	forest	forest	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	57	protection	protection	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	58	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	59	which	which	PRON
ggj-4131	174	60	creates	create	VERB
ggj-4131	174	61	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	174	62	safe	safe	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	63	environment	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	64	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	174	65	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	174	66	primitive	primitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	174	67	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ggj-4131	174	68	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	174	69	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	175	1	finally	finally	ADV
ggj-4131	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	175	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	4	clearly	clearly	ADV
ggj-4131	175	5	shows	show	VERB
ggj-4131	175	6	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	175	7	through	through	ADP
ggj-4131	175	8	effectively	effectively	ADV
ggj-4131	175	9	planned	plan	VERB
ggj-4131	175	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	175	11	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	175	12	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	175	14	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	175	15	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	175	16	possible	possible	ADJ
ggj-4131	175	17	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	175	18	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	175	19	complex	complex	ADJ
ggj-4131	175	20	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	21	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	175	22	empower	empower	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	23	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	24	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	175	25	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	175	26	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	175	27	subject	subject	ADJ
ggj-4131	175	28	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	29	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	175	30	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	175	31	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	175	32	general	general	ADJ
ggj-4131	175	33	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	34	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	175	35	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	36	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	175	37	reflection	reflection	NOUN
ggj-4131	175	38	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	1	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	176	2	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	176	3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ggj-4131	176	4	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	176	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	6	given	give	VERB
ggj-4131	176	7	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	176	8	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	10	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	176	11	begin	begin	VERB
ggj-4131	176	12	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	176	13	think	think	VERB
ggj-4131	176	14	spatially	spatially	ADV
ggj-4131	176	15	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	16	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	176	17	mechanically	mechanically	ADV
ggj-4131	176	18	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	19	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	176	20	consciously	consciously	ADV
ggj-4131	176	21	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	22	critically	critically	ADV
ggj-4131	176	23	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	176	24	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	176	25	argumentatively	argumentatively	ADV
ggj-4131	176	26	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	177	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	2	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	177	3	main	main	ADJ
ggj-4131	177	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	5	clearly	clearly	ADV
ggj-4131	177	6	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ggj-4131	177	7	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	177	8	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	177	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	177	10	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	11	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	177	12	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	13	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	177	14	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	177	15	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	16	at	at	ADP
ggj-4131	177	17	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	177	18	primary	primary	ADJ
ggj-4131	177	19	level	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	20	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	177	21	possible	possible	ADJ
ggj-4131	177	22	if	if	SCONJ
ggj-4131	177	23	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	24	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	177	25	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	177	26	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	177	27	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	28	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	177	29	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	177	30	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	177	31	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	177	32	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	177	33	context	context	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	34	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	177	35	oriented	orient	VERB
ggj-4131	177	36	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	177	37	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	178	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	178	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ggj-4131	178	4	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	5	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	178	6	increasing	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	178	7	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	8	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	178	9	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	178	10	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	178	11	map	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	12	reading	reading	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	13	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	178	14	identifying	identify	VERB
ggj-4131	178	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	178	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	17	but	but	CCONJ
ggj-4131	178	18	also	also	ADV
ggj-4131	178	19	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	178	20	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	21	quality	quality	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	22	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	178	23	decision	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	24	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	178	25	making	make	VERB
ggj-4131	178	26	processes	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	27	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	178	28	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	178	29	self	self	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	30	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	178	31	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	32	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ggj-4131	178	33	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	179	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ggj-4131	179	2	5	5	NUM
ggj-4131	179	3	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	179	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ggj-4131	179	5	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	179	6	how	how	SCONJ
ggj-4131	179	7	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	179	8	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	179	9	competence	competence	NOUN
ggj-4131	179	10	developed	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	179	11	ratiani	ratiani	NOUN
ggj-4131	179	12	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	179	13	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	179	14	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	180	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	180	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	4	66	66	NUM
ggj-4131	180	5	findings	finding	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	6	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	7	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	180	8	clear	clear	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	9	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	10	exists	exist	VERB
ggj-4131	180	11	between	between	ADP
ggj-4131	180	12	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	13	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	14	practice	practice	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	15	—	—	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	16	standards	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	17	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	180	18	general	general	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	19	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	20	do	do	AUX
ggj-4131	180	21	not	not	PART
ggj-4131	180	22	define	define	VERB
ggj-4131	180	23	minimum	minimum	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	24	levels	level	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	25	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	26	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	27	skill	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	28	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	29	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	30	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	31	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	180	32	dominated	dominate	VERB
ggj-4131	180	33	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	180	34	superficial	superficial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	35	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	36	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	37	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	38	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	180	39	induce	induce	VERB
ggj-4131	180	40	neither	neither	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	41	critical	critical	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	42	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	43	nor	nor	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	44	reasoned	reason	VERB
ggj-4131	180	45	choice	choice	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	46	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	47	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	48	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	49	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	180	50	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	51	create	create	VERB
ggj-4131	180	52	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	180	53	environments	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	54	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	180	55	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	180	56	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	57	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	58	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	180	59	both	both	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	60	subject	subject	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	61	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	62	specific	specific	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	63	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	64	metacognitive	metacognitive	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	65	components	component	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	66	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	67	student	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	68	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	69	significantly	significantly	ADV
ggj-4131	180	70	increases	increase	VERB
ggj-4131	180	71	when	when	SCONJ
ggj-4131	180	72	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	180	73	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	180	74	allowed	allow	VERB
ggj-4131	180	75	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	180	76	work	work	VERB
ggj-4131	180	77	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	180	78	real	real	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	79	problems	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	80	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	81	make	make	VERB
ggj-4131	180	82	decisions	decision	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	83	independently	independently	ADV
ggj-4131	180	84	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	180	85	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	86	support	support	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	87	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	88	professional	professional	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	89	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	90	are	be	AUX
ggj-4131	180	91	critically	critically	ADV
ggj-4131	180	92	important	important	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	93	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	94	designing	design	VERB
ggj-4131	180	95	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	96	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	180	97	meet	meet	VERB
ggj-4131	180	98	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	99	'	'	PART
ggj-4131	180	100	evolving	evolve	VERB
ggj-4131	180	101	needs	need	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	102	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	103	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	104	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	105	policy	policy	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	106	makers	maker	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	107	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	108	•	•	ADP
ggj-4131	180	109	revise	revise	VERB
ggj-4131	180	110	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	180	111	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	112	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	113	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	180	114	include	include	VERB
ggj-4131	180	115	clear	clear	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	116	formulation	formulation	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	117	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	180	118	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	119	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	120	competencies	competency	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	121	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	122	definition	definition	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	123	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	180	124	key	key	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	125	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	126	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	127	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	180	128	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	129	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	180	130	measure	measure	VERB
ggj-4131	180	131	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	132	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	133	rather	rather	ADV
ggj-4131	180	134	than	than	ADP
ggj-4131	180	135	factual	factual	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	136	recall	recall	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	137	•	•	NUM
ggj-4131	180	138	create	create	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	139	platforms	platform	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	140	for	for	SCONJ
ggj-4131	180	141	schools	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	142	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	180	143	exchange	exchange	VERB
ggj-4131	180	144	experiences	experience	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	145	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	146	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	147	examples	example	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	148	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	180	149	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	180	150	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	151	interventions	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	152	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	153	publishers	publisher	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	154	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	155	•	•	X
ggj-4131	180	156	include	include	VERB
ggj-4131	180	157	age	age	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	158	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	159	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	160	examples	example	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	161	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	180	162	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	163	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	164	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	180	165	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	166	multi	multi	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	167	-	-	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	168	factorial	factorial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	169	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	170	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	180	171	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	172	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	173	along	along	ADP
ggj-4131	180	174	with	with	ADP
ggj-4131	180	175	maps	map	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	176	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	177	visual	visual	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	178	analytical	analytical	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	179	resources	resource	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	180	•	•	VERB
ggj-4131	180	181	develop	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	180	182	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	183	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	184	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	180	185	support	support	VERB
ggj-4131	180	186	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	187	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	188	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	189	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	190	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	191	training	training	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	192	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	193	•	•	ADP
ggj-4131	180	194	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
ggj-4131	180	195	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	196	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	197	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	180	198	on	on	ADP
ggj-4131	180	199	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	200	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	201	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	202	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	203	spbl	spbl	PROPN
ggj-4131	180	204	model	model	PROPN
ggj-4131	180	205	mastery	mastery	PROPN
ggj-4131	180	206	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	180	207	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	208	training	training	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	209	programs	program	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	210	•	•	ADV
ggj-4131	180	211	support	support	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	212	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	213	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	180	214	developing	develop	VERB
ggj-4131	180	215	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	216	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	217	creating	create	VERB
ggj-4131	180	218	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	219	adapting	adapt	VERB
ggj-4131	180	220	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	221	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	222	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	223	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	180	224	tasks	task	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	225	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	226	schools	school	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	227	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	228	•	•	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	229	ensure	ensure	VERB
ggj-4131	180	230	all	all	DET
ggj-4131	180	231	students	student	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	232	have	have	VERB
ggj-4131	180	233	access	access	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	234	to	to	ADP
ggj-4131	180	235	visual	visual	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	236	materials	material	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	237	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	238	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	239	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	180	240	practice	practice	VERB
ggj-4131	180	241	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	242	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	243	skills	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	244	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	245	create	create	VERB
ggj-4131	180	246	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	247	environments	environment	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	248	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	180	249	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	250	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	251	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	252	solving	solve	VERB
ggj-4131	180	253	•	•	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	254	address	address	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	255	absenteeism	absenteeism	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	256	issues	issue	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	257	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	180	258	particularly	particularly	ADV
ggj-4131	180	259	affect	affect	VERB
ggj-4131	180	260	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	261	skill	skill	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	262	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	263	this	this	DET
ggj-4131	180	264	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	265	confirms	confirm	VERB
ggj-4131	180	266	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	180	267	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	268	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	269	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	270	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	180	271	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	272	is	be	AUX
ggj-4131	180	273	possible	possible	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	274	;	;	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	275	it	it	PRON
ggj-4131	180	276	requires	require	VERB
ggj-4131	180	277	only	only	ADV
ggj-4131	180	278	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	180	279	right	right	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	280	approach	approach	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	281	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	282	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	283	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	284	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	285	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	286	strong	strong	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	287	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	288	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	289	that	that	PRON
ggj-4131	180	290	provide	provide	VERB
ggj-4131	180	291	subject	subject	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	292	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	293	oriented	orient	VERB
ggj-4131	180	294	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	295	critical	critical	ADJ
ggj-4131	180	296	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	297	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	180	298	oriented	orient	VERB
ggj-4131	180	299	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	300	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	180	301	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	180	302	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	181	1	competing	compete	VERB
ggj-4131	181	2	interests	interest	NOUN
ggj-4131	181	3	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	181	4	authors	author	NOUN
ggj-4131	181	5	declare	declare	VERB
ggj-4131	181	6	that	that	SCONJ
ggj-4131	181	7	they	they	PRON
ggj-4131	181	8	have	have	VERB
ggj-4131	181	9	no	no	DET
ggj-4131	181	10	competing	compete	VERB
ggj-4131	181	11	interests	interest	NOUN
ggj-4131	181	12	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	182	1	authors	author	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	2	’	'	PUNCT
ggj-4131	182	3	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	4	m.r	m.r	PROPN
ggj-4131	182	5	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	182	6	conceived	conceive	VERB
ggj-4131	182	7	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	182	8	study	study	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	182	10	designed	design	VERB
ggj-4131	182	11	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	182	12	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	13	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	14	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	182	15	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	182	16	took	take	VERB
ggj-4131	182	17	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	182	18	lead	lead	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	19	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	182	20	writing	write	VERB
ggj-4131	182	21	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	182	22	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
ggj-4131	182	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	183	1	m.m	m.m	PROPN
ggj-4131	183	2	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	183	3	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ggj-4131	183	4	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	183	5	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ggj-4131	183	6	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	183	7	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	183	8	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	183	9	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ggj-4131	183	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	183	11	assisted	assist	VERB
ggj-4131	183	12	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	183	13	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	183	14	data	data	NOUN
ggj-4131	183	15	validation	validation	NOUN
ggj-4131	183	16	process	process	NOUN
ggj-4131	183	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	184	1	both	both	DET
ggj-4131	184	2	authors	author	NOUN
ggj-4131	184	3	have	have	AUX
ggj-4131	184	4	read	read	VERB
ggj-4131	184	5	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	184	6	approved	approve	VERB
ggj-4131	184	7	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	184	8	final	final	ADJ
ggj-4131	184	9	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
ggj-4131	184	10	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	185	1	orcid	orcid	NOUN
ggj-4131	186	1	i	i	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	2	d	d	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	3	manana	manana	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	4	ratiani	ratiani	NOUN
ggj-4131	186	5	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6368-427x	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6368-427x	ADP
ggj-4131	186	6	reference	reference	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	7	anderson	anderson	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	186	9	t.	t.	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	10	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	186	11	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	186	12	shattuck	shattuck	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	186	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ggj-4131	186	15	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	186	16	2012	2012	NUM
ggj-4131	186	17	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	186	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	187	1	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	187	2	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	187	3	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	187	4	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	187	5	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	187	6	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	187	7	decade	decade	NOUN
ggj-4131	187	8	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	187	9	progress	progress	NOUN
ggj-4131	187	10	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	187	11	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	187	12	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	187	13	?	?	PUNCT
ggj-4131	188	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	188	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ggj-4131	188	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	188	4	41(1	41(1	NUM
ggj-4131	188	5	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	188	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	188	7	16–25	16–25	NUM
ggj-4131	188	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	1	https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x11428813	https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x11428813	NUM
ggj-4131	189	2	avtandilashvili	avtandilashvili	NOUN
ggj-4131	189	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ggj-4131	189	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	6	medzmariashvili	medzmariashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	189	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	8	e.	e.	PROPN
ggj-4131	189	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	10	elizbarashvili	elizbarashvili	NOUN
ggj-4131	189	11	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	12	n.	n.	NOUN
ggj-4131	189	13	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	14	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	189	15	topchishvili	topchishvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	189	16	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	17	r.	r.	PROPN
ggj-4131	189	18	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	19	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	189	20	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	189	21	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	190	1	our	our	PRON
ggj-4131	190	2	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	190	3	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	190	4	clio	clio	PROPN
ggj-4131	190	5	bakker	bakker	PROPN
ggj-4131	190	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	190	7	a.	a.	NOUN
ggj-4131	190	8	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	190	9	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	190	10	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	190	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	191	1	design	design	NOUN
ggj-4131	191	2	research	research	NOUN
ggj-4131	191	3	in	in	ADP
ggj-4131	191	4	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	191	5	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	191	6	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	191	7	practical	practical	ADJ
ggj-4131	191	8	guide	guide	NOUN
ggj-4131	191	9	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	191	10	early	early	ADJ
ggj-4131	191	11	career	career	NOUN
ggj-4131	191	12	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ggj-4131	191	13	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	192	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ggj-4131	192	2	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	192	3	barrows	barrow	NOUN
ggj-4131	192	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	192	5	h.	h.	PROPN
ggj-4131	192	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ggj-4131	192	7	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	192	8	1986	1986	NUM
ggj-4131	192	9	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	192	10	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	193	1	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	193	2	taxonomy	taxonomy	NOUN
ggj-4131	193	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	193	4	problem	problem	NOUN
ggj-4131	193	5	-	-	PUNCT
ggj-4131	193	6	based	base	VERB
ggj-4131	193	7	learning	learning	NOUN
ggj-4131	193	8	methods	method	NOUN
ggj-4131	193	9	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	194	1	medical	medical	ADJ
ggj-4131	194	2	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	194	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	194	4	20(6	20(6	NOUN
ggj-4131	194	5	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	194	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	194	7	481–486	481–486	NUM
ggj-4131	194	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.x	PROPN
ggj-4131	195	2	buckley	buckley	NOUN
ggj-4131	195	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ggj-4131	195	5	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	6	seery	seery	PROPN
ggj-4131	195	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	8	n.	n.	NOUN
ggj-4131	195	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	10	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	195	11	canty	canty	PROPN
ggj-4131	195	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	13	d.	d.	PROPN
ggj-4131	195	14	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	15	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	195	16	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	195	17	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	196	1	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	196	2	heuristic	heuristic	ADJ
ggj-4131	196	3	framework	framework	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	4	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	196	5	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	196	6	ability	ability	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	7	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	196	8	a	a	DET
ggj-4131	196	9	review	review	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	10	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	196	11	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	12	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	196	13	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	196	14	factor	factor	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	15	literature	literature	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	16	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	196	17	support	support	VERB
ggj-4131	196	18	its	its	PRON
ggj-4131	196	19	translation	translation	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	20	into	into	ADP
ggj-4131	196	21	stem	stem	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	22	education	education	NOUN
ggj-4131	196	23	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	197	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ggj-4131	197	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
ggj-4131	197	3	review	review	PROPN
ggj-4131	197	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	197	5	30(4	30(4	NUM
ggj-4131	197	6	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	197	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	197	8	947–972	947–972	NUM
ggj-4131	197	9	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	198	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9432-z	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9432-z	PROPN
ggj-4131	198	2	fiveable	fiveable	ADJ
ggj-4131	198	3	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	199	1	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	199	2	2024	2024	NUM
ggj-4131	199	3	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	199	4	august	august	PROPN
ggj-4131	199	5	20	20	NUM
ggj-4131	199	6	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	199	7	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	200	1	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	200	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	200	3	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	200	4	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	200	5	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ggj-4131	200	6	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	201	1	https://fiveable.me/social-studieseducation/unit-8/spatial-thinking-geographic-reasoning/study-guide/wt03euveoe4nei34	https://fiveable.me/social-studieseducation/unit-8/spatial-thinking-geographic-reasoning/study-guide/wt03euveoe4nei34	PROPN
ggj-4131	201	2	https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x11428813	https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x11428813	NOUN
ggj-4131	202	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.x	ADJ
ggj-4131	202	2	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9432-z	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9432-z	PROPN
ggj-4131	202	3	https://fiveable.me/social-studies-education/unit-8/spatial-thinking-geographic-reasoning/study-guide/wt03euveoe4nei34	https://fiveable.me/social-studies-education/unit-8/spatial-thinking-geographic-reasoning/study-guide/wt03euveoe4nei34	ADV
ggj-4131	202	4	https://fiveable.me/social-studies-education/unit-8/spatial-thinking-geographic-reasoning/study-guide/wt03euveoe4nei34	https://fiveable.me/social-studies-education/unit-8/spatial-thinking-geographic-reasoning/study-guide/wt03euveoe4nei34	PROPN
ggj-4131	202	5	ratiani	ratiani	PROPN
ggj-4131	202	6	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	202	7	madzgharashvili	madzgharashvili	PROPN
ggj-4131	202	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	1	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	203	2	5(2	5(2	NUM
ggj-4131	203	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	4	67	67	NUM
ggj-4131	203	5	gersmehl	gersmehl	NOUN
ggj-4131	203	6	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	7	p.	p.	PROPN
ggj-4131	203	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ggj-4131	203	9	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	10	&	&	CCONJ
ggj-4131	203	11	gersmehl	gersmehl	NOUN
ggj-4131	203	12	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	13	c.	c.	PROPN
ggj-4131	203	14	a.	a.	NOUN
ggj-4131	203	15	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	16	2011	2011	NUM
ggj-4131	203	17	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	203	18	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	204	1	spatial	spatial	ADJ
ggj-4131	204	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ggj-4131	204	3	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	204	4	young	young	ADJ
ggj-4131	204	5	children	child	NOUN
ggj-4131	204	6	:	:	PUNCT
ggj-4131	204	7	neurologic	neurologic	ADJ
ggj-4131	204	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ggj-4131	204	9	for	for	ADP
ggj-4131	204	10	early	early	ADJ
ggj-4131	204	11	development	development	NOUN
ggj-4131	204	12	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	204	13	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	204	14	educability	educability	NOUN
ggj-4131	204	15	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	204	16	"	"	PUNCT
ggj-4131	205	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ggj-4131	205	2	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	205	3	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	205	4	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	205	5	109(4	109(4	NUM
ggj-4131	205	6	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	205	7	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	205	8	181–191	181–191	NUM
ggj-4131	205	9	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	206	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340903409510	https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340903409510	PROPN
ggj-4131	206	2	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ggj-4131	206	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	206	4	education	education	PROPN
ggj-4131	206	5	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	206	6	moe	moe	NOUN
ggj-4131	206	7	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	206	8	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	207	1	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	207	2	2018	2018	NUM
ggj-4131	207	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	207	4	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	208	1	national	national	ADJ
ggj-4131	208	2	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
ggj-4131	208	3	of	of	ADP
ggj-4131	208	4	georgia	georgia	PROPN
ggj-4131	208	5	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	209	1	tbilisi	tbilisi	PROPN
ggj-4131	209	2	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	210	1	national	national	PROPN
ggj-4131	210	2	geographic	geographic	ADJ
ggj-4131	210	3	society	society	NOUN
ggj-4131	210	4	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	211	1	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	211	2	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ggj-4131	211	3	.	.	PROPN
ggj-4131	211	4	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	211	5	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	212	1	geography	geography	NOUN
ggj-4131	212	2	standard	standard	NOUN
ggj-4131	212	3	1	1	NUM
ggj-4131	212	4	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	212	5	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ggj-4131	212	6	from	from	ADP
ggj-4131	212	7	https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/geography-standard-1/	https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/geography-standard-1/	PROPN
ggj-4131	212	8	national	national	PROPN
ggj-4131	212	9	research	research	PROPN
ggj-4131	212	10	council	council	PROPN
ggj-4131	212	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	213	1	(	(	PUNCT
ggj-4131	213	2	2006	2006	NUM
ggj-4131	213	3	)	)	PUNCT
ggj-4131	213	4	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	214	1	learning	learn	VERB
ggj-4131	214	2	to	to	PART
ggj-4131	214	3	think	think	VERB
ggj-4131	214	4	spatially	spatially	ADV
ggj-4131	214	5	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	215	1	the	the	DET
ggj-4131	215	2	national	national	PROPN
ggj-4131	215	3	academies	academies	PROPN
ggj-4131	215	4	press	press	NOUN
ggj-4131	215	5	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	216	1	drafting	draft	VERB
ggj-4131	216	2	and	and	CCONJ
ggj-4131	216	3	editing	editing	NOUN
ggj-4131	216	4	supported	support	VERB
ggj-4131	216	5	by	by	ADP
ggj-4131	216	6	openai	openai	PROPN
ggj-4131	216	7	chatgpt-4	chatgpt-4	PROPN
ggj-4131	216	8	,	,	PUNCT
ggj-4131	216	9	june	june	PROPN
ggj-4131	216	10	2025	2025	NUM
ggj-4131	216	11	.	.	PUNCT
ggj-4131	217	1	https://chat.openai.com	https://chat.openai.com	X
ggj-4131	218	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340903409510	https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340903409510	PRON
ggj-4131	218	2	https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/geography-standard-1/	https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/geography-standard-1/	PROPN
ggj-4131	218	3	https://chat.openai.com/	https://chat.openai.com/	ADJ